Objective
To explore the effect of physical cooling method by the use of external cooling ice-packs for treatment of the in-patients with fever.

Methods
In accordance with the model of Australian JBI evidence-based health care, the evidence was applied to the clinical practice after evidence generation, and synthesis. Admitted from November 2017 to June 2018 into the hematology department in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the hyperpyretic patients with blood disease were divided into two groups-observation group and control group randomly. 68 patients were included in each group. The patients in observation group were given by 0.5 g acetaminophen orally along with ice-packs while the patients in control group were just given by 0.5 g oral acetaminophen. The temperature lowering effect in both groups was compared and studied.

Results
In the observation group, patients' temperature was (38.90±0.37) ℃ before intervention, (38.85±0.36) ℃ in 30 minutes after intervention, (38.63±0.52) ℃ in 1 hour and (38.07±0.76) ℃ in 2 hours. And those for control group were (38.89±0.39) , (38.82±0.40) , (38.58±0.59) , (37.90±0.67) ℃, respectively. Repeated measurement analysis of variance indicated that patients' temperature showed significant differences at each point of time during the study in both group (Ftime=77.862, P 0.05) . The effect of intervention in different groups at different point of time was not significant (Fgroups=0.909, P>0.05) .

Conclusions
The use of physical cooling method along with medication is proved to be not significant in the patients' temperature control. Health workers should or not select the physical cooling method based on patients' condition and willingness in order to ensure their vital signs' stability and their comfort.

Key words:
Hyperthermia; In-patient; Physical cooling; Evidence-based practice


Background: Since the last decade chronic diseases is a major contributor for rapid rise in healthcare cost in developing countries. It is apparent from published economic studies that people with diabetes account for between 2 and 3% of the total health care budget in every country consequently, an increase in the incidence, and therefore the prevalence, of diabetes will have a considerable economic impact. It is also apparent, however, that better health economic studies are needed. Objective: The study aim was to highlight the economic burden for diabetes mellitus type2 on world economy and individual patients care cost. Results: It was estimated that around 54% of deaths in developing countries are due to chronic non- communicable diseases which is predicted to rise by 65% by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is among the most prevalent chronic diseases suffered by more than 180 million people worldwide. By 2030 it is estimated that around 400 million people in the world will be afflicted with diabetes. Annual deaths attributable to diabetes are probably as high as 3 million with more than 80% occur in developing countries. In Bangladesh, the average annual cost of care was found US $ 314 (direct cost US $ 283 and indirect cost US $ 37) ranging from US $ 23 to US $ 1334. By 2020 it is expected that the Canadian economy will lose $11 billion annually as a result of the net mortality of diabetes patients, and long-term care costs for diabetes patients are expected to jump from $1 billion to $2.7 billion annually over that time period. The average annual cost per diabetic patient of Mexican was $708 USD, the total annual cost of diabetics was 2,618,000 USD,15.46% of health spending and 0.79% of GDP. Conclusion: Furthermore, although it is relatively easy to assess the direct costs associated with the disease, better methods are needed to measure the indirect and intangible costs of diabetes to enable full assessment of the economic impact of the disease.


{sup 57}Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the intermediates formed at the FeS{sub 2} cathode during room-temperature discharge in the Li{vert bar}LiClO{sub 4}-propylene carbonate {vert bar}FeS{sub 2} cell. Moessbauer spectra recorded at 4.2 K provided evidence for the formation of Li{sub 3}Fe{sub 2}S{sub 4} and another lithiated phase, similar to but not exactly the same as Li{sub 2}FeS{sub 2}. Small particles of superparamagnetic iron were also formed early in the discharge. When LiAsF{sub 6} was the electrolyte, no intermediates were detectable and rapid reduction to small particles of iron occurred. Chemical lithiation of FeS{sub 2} with n-Buli in hexane produced a mixture of reduction products similar to that observed for the Li{vert bar}LiClO{sub 4}-propylene carbonate{vert bar}FeS{sub 2} cell.


...................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Background to the study ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Asset Quality ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Financial Performance ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Asset quality and financial performance ............................................................ 2 1.1.4 Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies ................................ 4 1.2 Research problem .......................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Objective of the study ................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Value of the study ......................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................ 8 2.


He II photoelectron spectra of La, Co and Yb show features which cannot be explained in terms of single electron excitations. It is proposed that these are due to formation of eIectron-hoIe pairs.


Introduction ON 18 APRIL 1990 Zimbabwe celebrates the 10th anniversary of its independence. Simultaneously, the famous Lancaster House Constitution expires. The Zimbabwean Government will then at last be able to tackle the contentious and highly politicised land question unhindered by the constraints imposed by Britain in 1979/80. The issue of land reform, so high on the political agenda a decade ago, but over which a curious silence fell for much of the 1980s,l bounced back into the limelight in 1989 and will certainly have featured prominently in the election which Robert Mugabe has called on the eve of the 10th anniversary. But there is every sign that the British Government is striving behind the scenes to perpetuate Lancaster


This review builds a picture of the roles of each of the Institutes of Technology in enterprise development. It also outlines emerging issues for further consideration for the enhancement of the Institutes role in enterprise development.


For over ten years combustion Power Company has been conducting experimental programs and developing fluid bed systems for agencies of the federal government and for private industry and institutions. Many of these activities have involved systems for the combustion of solid waste materials. Discussed here will be three categories of programs, development of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) fired fluid beds, development of wood waste fired fluid beds, and industrial installations. Research and development work on wood wastes has led to the design and construction of two large industrial fluid bed combustors. In one of these, a fluid bed is used for the generation of steam with a fuel that was previously suited only for landfill. Rocks and inerts are continuously removed from this combustor using a patented system. The second FBC is designed to use a variety of fuels as the source of energy to dry hog fuel for use in a high performance power boiler. Here the FBC burns green hog fuel, log yard debris, fly ash (char) from the boiler, and dried wood fines to produce a hot gas system for the wood dryer. A significant advantage of the fluidized bed reactor over conventional incinerators is its abilitymore » to reduce noxious gas emission and, finally, the fluidized bed is unique in its ability to efficiently consume low quality fuels. The relatively high inerts and moisture content of solid wastes pose no serious problem and require no associated additional devices for their removal.« less


Water conflicts across the world are bringing to the fore fundamental challenges to the anthropocentric boundaries of the human rights paradigm. Engaging with the multi-layered legal ethnographic setting of the Xalalá dam project in Maya Q'eqchi' territory in Guatemala, I will critically and empirically unpack not only the anthropocentric boundaries of the hegemonic human rights paradigm, but also the ontological differences between indigenous and Euro-Western legal conceptualizations of human-water-life. I argue that it is necessary to pave the way for urgent rethinking of the human right to water and, more broadly, human rights beyond the modern divide of nature-culture. International law and human rights scholars should therefore not be afraid of plurilegal water realities and should start engaging with these ontologically different concepts and practices. Embarking on a bottom-up co-theorizing about human and beyond-the-human water rights will be imperative to avoid recolonization of indigenous knowledges-ontologies by non-indigenous scholarships and public policy.


This thesis examines the practice of plea bargaining in national and international
criminal courts. Plea bargaining is a controversial practice at the national level and that
controversy is escalated when dealing with the most serious crimes, such as genocide, that will
be prosecuted in international criminal courts. There are arguments both for and against plea
bargaining in national adversarial systems. Many of these arguments are also applicable in
international criminal law and there will be further arguments for and against plea bargaining in
international criminal courts that do not apply, or apply only to a lesser extent in national
systems. A balance has to be struck between an efficient criminal justice system and a criminal
justice system that achieves its aims of reconciliation, deterrence and punishment for
perpetrators.
The practice of plea bargaining has been used at the International Criminal Tribunal for
the Former Yugoslavia (hereinafter ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
(hereinafter ICTR). The experiences of these ad hoc tribunals in dealing with the practice must
be taken into account in coalition with the theoretical arguments for and against plea bargaining
to determine a best practice approach to plea bargaining in international criminal law that could
be implemented at the International Criminal Court (hereinafter ICC) and in international
criminal forums generally. Given the resource, time and financial limitations faced by
international criminal courts plea bargaining is a practice that should be implemented to achieve
the correct balance between efficiency and justice. It is acknowledged that the practice of plea
bargaining is a controversial practice, even more so at the international level and as such there
must be safeguards in place to ensure the practice is implemented in a credible manner that
upholds public confidence in the system and achieves the strategic aims of the criminal justice
system.


The purpose of the study was to observe the Relationship between motor fitness and motor creativity of different groups of Rhythmic Activity. 30 students of varsity level were selected as the subjects of the present study. Subjects were divided into three groups, i.e. Dance, Aerobics and Bratachari group. Each group consists of 10 female students from different universities of West Bengal. To conduct the study selected motor fitness i.e. flexibility, static balance, coordination and cardiovascular endurance and test of motor creativity were taken. After collecting the data Mean, SD and co-efficient of correlation were calculated and the following conclusions were drawn- 1. In Motor creativity Dance and Aerobic group is better than Bratachari group. 2. Static Balance is better in Aerobic group than Dance and Bratachari group.3. Motor creativity is not related with motor fitness and its components for all the three groups


Before computerized techniques were used, a paper soil map had to fulfill two functions: memorization or managing a maximum of data, and communication or transmitting a minimum of pertinent data on a given problem. Computer‐based techniques and, in particular Geographic Information Systems, enable the management, analysis, and easy organization and presentation of data about soils. An apparent first step would be to take older data in paper maps and convert them into a geographic database format using digitizing and other computer techniques. However, such work may be insufficient, as is demonstrated by analysis of the specific example of the European Communities Soil Map. Therefore, we propose a new relational structure for pedological or soil science information based upon the main conceptual concepts used during conventional cartographic work. This "Soil Spatial Organization Model," or SSOM, is a computerized framework for coherent description of the geographical variability of soils, combined with other environmental criteria. It makes no prejudgment on the type of processing of such data. It stresses the importance of starting with the determination of the type of soil organization such as the identification of spatial units and their relationships to permit cartographic representations that show specific themes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This paper reviews the significance of equivalent edge currents for surface-to-line integral reduction in EM scattering and the relations between various high frequency methods are surveyed in this context. It suggests that most of the difficulties in GTD comes from errors in reduction of surface currents into equivalent currents and further into rays. Two unique concepts introduced by the authors are demonstrated; MER as the novel definition of equivalent edge currents is developed for accurate and uniform reduction of radiation integrals.


This article will goes through Che Guevara's ideas and political practice. It aims at tracking back his conception about education and culture expressed in the concept of "new man". Far from mechanistic views of history and productive forces, Guevara is the carrier of a humanist conception in the transition and consolidation of Socialism in Cuba. In his ideas and political practice, education (not only from a formal point of view) is a key element to eliminate capitalism vestiges and to form other subjects through a new system of values. This article tries to find link between this humanist view, Karls Marx's social theory and contributions from Latin-American Marxist Anibal Ponce. Finally we use theorical contribution from Isabel Larguia and John Domoulin to challenge and expand the concept of "new man" from a gender perspective, and enable the concept of "new men and women".
 Keyword: Education, new man and woman, socialism, Latin-American marxism, emancipation, critical pedagogy.


Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous set of pathological symptoms that manifests clinically as a motor impairment and motion inability, followed by intellectual, sensory, speech and language, emotional, behavioral and other disorders. Impairments associated with cerebral palsy differ from child to child in their severity and consequent effect on communication development. Children may have mild or severe speech, language, and/or communication disorders.


With mass fraction 85% tert-butanol(TBA) as feed,the process of TBA dehydration to produce isobutylene by catalytic distillation was simulated.The sulfonic acid cation exchange resin was self-prepared,and kinetics subroutine interface was powered by Fortran.Aspen Plus was used to investigate the TBA conversion of key factors such as number of reaction stage,operation pressure,reflux ratio,number of rectification stage and stripping stage,and feed stage location.In the condition of TBA flow rate 100 kg/h,each reaction stage loaded with 45 kg catalyst and isobutylene produced from the overhead,the simulation results show that TBA conversion is 99.5%,under the condition of 4 stages in rectification section,5 stages in reaction section,4 stages in stripping section,operation pressure 0.35 MPa,reflux ratio 1.5,and feed stage 4.


Abstract : Tests were conducted to determine the stability of aim of the Lance missile system when launchers are emplaced on various types of ground surfaces and under various wind conditions. A simulated Lance missile, a lightweight launcher, and a self-propelled launcher (tracked vehicle) were furnished by the U. S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, Ala. Full-scale tests of the missile and launchers were conducted with the WES wind-generating machine to determine: (a) the ability to maintain the missile's point of aim when its launcher is placed on various types of ground surfaces and exposed to various wind conditions, (b) how the point of aim deviates with time under these various soil and wind conditions, and (c) the vertical loads on the lightweight launcher's jack pads caused by the wind. In the tests it was found that the missile's maximum movements while on the lightweight launcher were 0.561 mil horizontally and 0.305 mil vertically when referenced to the ground, which indicates excessive looseness and/or flexibility in the framework of the lightweight launcher. No settlement occurred during tests on the lightweight or self-propelled launchers placed on clay soil subgrades either during tests or between test series. Based on the results of these tests, it is believed that a subgrade possessing CBR values of 2 and greater will not permit either launcher to settle to the degree that the missile's point of aim deviates beyond an acceptable limit. (Author)


This paper is concerned with the problems of effectuation using innovation management for high-tech start-ups in the case of MEPhI. As a rule we are talking about successful projects developing in University context taking into consideration methods of effectuation and tutoring for their finalization. The object of investigation is the innovation project life-cycle development methods applied to the effectuation methods and techniques. Using effectuation approach we could tell also about life-cycle of successful small and medium enterprises based on innovation project's development using some technologies of effectuation on each stage of life-cycle. The correct and appropriate methods of effectuation are important for venture investment's decision making in uncertain environmental conditions. The authors are proposed some improved methods of commercialization process of perspective innovative projects in the context of effectuation.Taking into account the author's experience in innovation projects commercialization, some methods of promotion and successful innovations planning in the case of ectuation are considered.


tures, core temperatures (i.e. pulmonary artery), and temperatures taken at traditional sites (oral, rectal and axillary). I would like to note the following observations relevant to your supplement. Since we may expect the manufacturers of these instruments to market their thermometers aggressively, the confused clinician may become a casualty in what I would like to call &dquo;the tympanic wars.&dquo; Unfortunately, because these instruments use different &dquo;offsets&dquo; and utilize different electronics, tympanic temperatures obtained with different tympanic thermometers taken in the same &dquo;mode&dquo; may differ significantly from each other. We therefore must have a means to decide which temperature reading is the correct one. It behooves the industry to develop a uniform tympanic standard so that measurements obtained with all these instruments can be used interchangeably. In my opinion we should adopt a tympanic &dquo;core&dquo; standard, since all tympanic instruments provide tympanic readings which reflect the true physiologic state of the body (i.e. a core measurement). Because of different technologies, it would probably be impossible or impractical to develop an unadjusted tympanic standard, but with the use of appropriate offsets, a core standard could be established. One must be cautious in the interpretation of the studies published in your symposium. The casual reader may come to the erroneous conclusion that the Thermoscan Instant Ther-


Following Vigdor's (2001) demonstration of the transmission of locational advantage to the children of the Great Migration, I undertake a similar analysis to ascertain the significance of immigrants' location choice on second generation educational and wage outcomes in adulthood. I create pseudo immigrant parent-second generation child generation cohorts for 1940-70 and 1970-2000 from the IPUMS, and construct selection models of parental internal migration on the following generation's relative outcomes. Preliminary results show that historical patterns of selective internal migration by immigrants explain wage and educational outcomes into the second generation. The ways in which historical settlement patterns have been selective of wage inequality is stronger in the latter period from 1970-2000. Although parental location matters more for second generation educational gains in 1940-70, the second generation workers of 2000's wage parity with others is heavily determined by their parents' previous location choices, especially among those who are non-white.


Take that first step to getting help and support – that's the empowering plea to Greater Manchester residents experiencing domestic abuse.


The purpose of this study was to compare to exercises from several other commonly performed clinical exercise to determine which exercises recruit the gluteus maximus and medius, most effectively. 20 years healthy subjects (n=13) participated in this study. Body composition and MVIC (Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction) of the gluteus maximus and medius were measured. Then the electromyography of the 20 kinds of exercise were measured and then %MVIC was calculated. The results were calculated by using the SPSS 18.0 statistical program and the ranking was determined according to the value of the muscle activation. Analysis of the ranking was as follows. First, Three of the exercises produced greater than 70%MVIC of the gluteus maximus muscle. In rank order from highest electromyograph (EMG) value to lowest, these exercises were: front plank with hip extension (82.87%MVIC), side plank with abduction dominant leg down (78.35%MVIC), and dynamic leg swing (76.57%MVIC). Second, Three of the exercises recruited gluteus medius with values greater than 70%MVIC. In rank order from highest EMG value to lowest, these exercises were: clamshell4 (81.85%MVIC), clamshell3 (81.64%MVIC), and side plank with abduction dominant leg up (79.44%MVIC). In conclusion, Higher %MVIC values in gluteus maximus during mat CKC (Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise) and in gluteus medius during clamshell exercise. However, higher %MVIC values in gluteus maximus and medius generally showed during mat CKC exercise. Therefore, we suggested that mat CKC exercise may be effective for the strengthening of the gluteus maximus and medius.


The use of factorization formulas due to Casimir and Polder gives exact expressions for van der Waals energies in terms of the dynamic properties of the subsystems. It is natural to approximate the ...


Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) strongly correlates with a malignant tumour cell phenotype. In the multistep process of metastasis, uPA binding to uPAR influences different cellular functions. In the present study, a highly metastatic colon cancer cell line, HCT116 was transfected with an expression vector containing a 5' uPAR cDNA fragment in an antisense orientation. This construct was most effective in reducing uPAR cell surface expression as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Antisense transfection of HCT116 cells had no effect on proliferation but the following effects were observed: (1) a 1.3‐fold decreased adhesion; (2) a two‐fold decreased Erk MAP kinase activity; (3) a 2.7‐fold decrease in Src kinase activity; (4) a 1.5‐ and two‐fold decrease in uPA cell surface expression and secretion; (5) abrogation of promatrix metalloproteinase‐9 secretion; and (6) a complete suppression of plasminogen‐dependent matrix degradation. Using proteomic analysis, we demonstrate loss of approximately 200 proteins and quantitative differences in the expression of 141 other proteins in an antisense‐clone compared to wild‐type and mock‐transfected control. Such changes in protein expression with the down‐regulation of uPAR may be an important contributor in colon cancer progression and metastasis and may not only provide a basis to develop a proteomic data bank of uPAR‐mediated signaling molecules but may also lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for the cure and better management of colon cancer.


The aim of this thesis is to obtain a basic knowledge of the factors that affect corrosion of aluminium in tap water for different kinds of applications like water pipes for tap water, solar system ...


Abstract Dr. Jean Lau Chin (1944–2020) was a dynamic feminist psychologist who excelled as a practitioner, consultant, researcher, academic, educator, and activist. Jean's ability to touch the hearts and minds of individuals across generations is evidenced in the plethora of written memorials dedicated to Jean from organizations far and wide. Perhaps lesser known is Jean's work in oral histories, as she viewed such recorded and transcribed stories to be meaningful reminders for generations to come. This article presents an oral history project of Jean Lau Chin's life, as told posthumously through friends, family, and colleagues.


Introduction: FMRI studies in the past decade have demonstrated that a specific set of brain regions, referred to as the default mode network (DMN), is engaged when people are at rest. The spontaneous low-frequency temporal connectivity within the network has been shown to persist under levels of consciousness and certain task modulations [1,2]. In spite of the rich literature and growing interest in the DMN under broader mental states, the modulation of its static functional connectivity (FC) and temporal dynamics by external, attention-demanding tasks has not been well understood. In the present study, by comparing the temporal behavior of DMN at rest and under a sustained 2-back working memory (WM) task load, we attempt to address three questions: (1) whether steady-state task-induced activation/deactivation can entrain similar patterns in the spontaneous low-frequency temporal connectivity; (2) whether we can observe an attenuation in the global variability with respect to the DMN, as WM baseline mental conditions are hypothesized to be more stable compared to rest, because subjects' attentions are primarily occupied by the imposed WM load; (3) whether the signal intensity in different brain networks exhibits significant changes during the sustained WM task. Methods: Subjects: 17 healthy subjects (7 females, aged = 29.0±11.1 years) participated in the study. Data acquisition: Images were acquired at 3T (GE Signa 750, spiral-in/out sequence [3], TR=2s). Respiration and cardiac (pulse oximetry) data were recorded using the scanner's built-in physiological monitoring system. Experiments: Each subject underwent (1) an 8-min resting-state scan (relaxed & closed eyes); (2) a continuous working memory (WM) task scan, during which the subjects were instructed to judge whether a currently-present letter was identical to the one presented 2 letters back. Trials were presented sequentially with an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 3s. In order to identify the activation pattern, a 6-min block-design (24 sec/block, 7 blocks in total) version was performed prior to the 8-min continuous task. Data analysis: (1) Pre-processing consisted of physiological noise correction [4,5], slice time correction, detrending, and spatial smoothing (Gaussian FWHM=4mm). Several sources of nuisance covariates (six head motion parameters, signal from the white matter and the CSF) were eliminated using linear regression. With ISI = 3s, TR = 2s, the present stimulus in the continuous WM task was aliased to high frequency (0.16Hz), inducing minimal task-driven BOLD contrast in the collected dataset. To further isolate the spontaneous activity under task conditions: (i) a subject-specific task-waveform, generated by convolving each individual's reaction time sequence with HRF, was regressed out from the continuous WM dataset (results showed that up to 10% variance were explained in the task-activation regions); (ii) temporal signals of both rest and task scans were low-pass filtered (pass band < 0.1Hz); (2) We first performed a seed-based functional network analysis with respect to posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (MNI -6, -58, 28; 3 mm diameter), a primary node in the DMN. Pearson correlation with the seed ROI across all time points within a scan reflected each voxel's static temporal correlation with PCC; standard derivation of the sliding-window Pearson correlation (window size = 1min, window step = 4s) time-series was utilized to quantify the variability of functional connectivity with PCC across a single scan; (3) To examine the task modulation of the signal intensity in different brain networks, we performed a power spectrum analysis across 0.01-0.08 Hz using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) index (due to the contamination of task-driven BOLD contrast in the high-frequency band, fractional ALFF index was not analyzed here) [6]. Network ROIs were selected based on the free online functional atlas developed by Stanford FIND lab (http://findlab.stanford.edu/research.html). After normalizing the templates to each subject's native space, an iterative approach was used to extract ROI signals that maximize the intra-network connectivity. Results & Conclusions: The block-design WM results match the typical activation patterns reported in previous WM literatures (Figure 1 (a)) [7,8], and consistent with findings in [2], the spontaneous low-frequency temporal connectivity within the DMN persisted under continuous WM task load (Figure 1 (b), upper). (1) Static FC: Comparing the PCC-correlation maps of the spontaneous activity under two mental states (rest vs. WM) and contrasting them to the block-design results, we can note a significant similarity between the modulated correlations and the activation pattern of the block-design task: regions co-deactivated with PCC by the WM task (Figure 1 (a) blue) showed greater spontaneous low-frequency connectivity with PCC during the sustained task load (Figure 1 (b), upper green); while certain regions of the task positive network (TPN), which were not task-relevant, showed reduced anti-correlations with PCC (Figure 1 (b), lower red). This observation lends supports to a compelling hypothesis that relates the topography of DMN, and other resting-state networks to the history of co-activation between regions inside the same functional network [9]. (2) FC Variability: As has been hypothesized, global variability with PCC was weaker during sustained WM task compared to rest (Figure 2), extending findings in a '1-back vs. 2-back' WM comparison in which decreased variability was observed with increasing cognitive load [10], and further implying a possible correlation between the resting-state FC dynamics and subjects' conscious-oriented changes in baseline mental states. (3) Power Intensity: ALFF results reflected an attenuation of power intensity across widespread brain regions (not shown). After transforming to z-score, which provides a better view of the 'energy redistribution' within different brain regions, significant power reductions were present in the DMN and Salience Network (SN) (Figure 3). Given that the SN is believed to be an important sub-network of TPN, and that the dynamic interplay between DMN and TPN has been argued to be pivotal in cognitive information processing, regional energy reductions in these two networks may likely indicate a more complicated load modulation on the functionality of spontaneous temporal activity and warrants deeper exploration. Acknowledgments: Funding support was provided by NIH P41 EB15891. References: [1] Greicius et al., HBM 2008; [2] Fransson, Neuropsychologia 2006; [3] Glover & Law, MRM 2001; [4] Glover et al., 2000; [5] Chang et al., NI 2009; [6] Hong et al., NI 2007; [7] Owen et al., HBM 2005; [8] Barnes et al., PLOS ONE 2009; [9] Deco et al., The Neuroscientist 2011; [10] Chang et al., OHBM 2011. Figure 1


The long-wavelength bands in the spectra of nitrobenzenes containing one or two strong electron-donor groups are correlated with the 260- or 297-mμ bands (or both) of nitrobenzene. The shift resulting from the introduction of two electron-donor groups into nitrobenzene is shown to be equal to the sum of those resulting from analogous monosubstitution. Correlations of the longest wavelength band in the respective spectra of nitrobenzenes containing electron-donor groups should thus allow for the possibility of these bands having different origins in different isomers.


The magnetic anisotropy induced by cold rolling for body-centered cubic single crystals of ferromagnetic alloys with low content of the second component (Fe–3% Si, Fe–4% Al) is studied. In spite of a low degree of the short range order and absence of the long range order large magnetic anisotropy is induced. In a number of cases the biaxial anisotropy is observed also. Complex changes of the anisotropy during annealing are investigated.

[Russian Text Ignored]


Since raster data and vector data have their strengths,in the GIS system data conversion between the vector data raster data were usually conducted.In the process of raster data vectorization,there was different data quality or algorithm,often leading to deformation,the phenomenon jagged and "hanging gourd".Designing an hight-efficient,high-precision smoothing algorithms for geographic information systems as the processing line and the polygon is of great significance.Commonly used smoothing algorithms in GIS were summarized and analyzed.Based on the analysis on the process of vectorization and vector data uncertainty,a median probability smoothing algorithm has been proposed,and an algorithm implementation has been designed.The implementation programmer was developed with Matlab platform and a smooth test was carried out with a scanned polygon.The results show that the algorithm eliminated the phenomenon of the jagged and "hanging gourd" produced easily in the vectorization,the software oparation fasted and had a high precision.The algorithm can be applied to the line vectorization of map and object boundary vector processing with remote sensing image segmentation,thus lay on a foundation for developing of the software of high-precision and rapid line vectorization.


Summary Transamidinase was determined in sera of rats, both normal and with experimental nephropathy. Little or no enzyme activity could be detected in normal sera whereas those from rats with renal lesions showed profound and sustained increases in enzyme activity. Transamidinase was found in human kidney in significant concentration. In a preliminary study of transamidinase activity in the sera of humans with renal disease similar results were obtained indicating the potential value of transamidinase determination in diagnosis and evaluation of renal disease.


Multiple isolated Network Address Translation Protocol Translation(NAT-PT) can not offer shorter path for a session,and all sessions via one NAT-PT may be broken and the IPv4 addresses may be wasted when NAT-PT failing.A Dynamic Routing NAT-PT(DRN) mechanism is presented to coordinate multiple NAT-PT working.With the pseudo route information which is broadcasted by DRN and shared information among NAT-PTs,NAT-PT becomes synchronous/friendly NAT-PT each other and achieves dynamic routing.A more appropriate NAT-PT is chosen to make path length of a session shorter and the load of a failure NAT-PT can be moved to a working one automatically.


We thank Dr Huang for his interest in our cross-sectional study evaluating laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms and their potential association with obstructive sleep apnea in a population-based sample. Dr Huang commented on issues relating to the assessment of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and the statistical methodology used in our study. The assessment of LPR is a challenge in otorhinolaryngological practice, given the similarity of LPR symptoms with other conditions and the lack of universal agreement on a diagnostic gold standard. Our study aimed to add data to the literature in respect of LPR and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through the evaluation of a populationbased sample. It is important to note the differences between clinical and population-based samples, and to bear in mind that each may have its potential limitations. Our study evaluated a general sample which was distributed into two groups comprising individuals with and without LPR symptoms, based on having a reflux symptom index (RSI) greater than 13, as originally described. The subjects were then organized into two other groups based on the presence or absence of obstructive sleep apnea according to the ICDSD-3: International Classification of Sleep Disorders3rd Edition criteria, namely an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥15 events/h of sleep. Group heterogeneity is a characteristic of a population-based sample, in which specific character imbalances are not controlled for. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and the variables associated with LPR in the overall sample were smoking, advanced age, higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores and worse WHOQOL-Bref quality of life score. There was a limitation in our findings, namely the use of RSI as the single parameter used in the identification of LPR. The use of an objective tool could improve the sensitivity and specificity of the findings. However, we believe that the inclusion of patients with LPR findings, the reflux finding score (RFS), (RFS >7) but no LPR symptoms (RSI ≤13), as suggested, would have added little in this regard, as most of the signs identified in patients with suspected LPR were also present in healthy individuals without symptoms. Although the RFS score can be useful in otolaryngology, the findings are better evaluated only in the presence of LPR symptoms. Despite this limitation, we believe that the findings of our study contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence of LPR and OSA symptoms in the general population, and the factors related to this potential association.


A description is given of the 275 kv transmission link between Central and South East Queensland and the problems involved in controlling the voltage and reactive power supply in South East Queensland arising from the high power flows over the link. The characteristics and design philosophy are given of a recently installed microprocessor based control system which is used to switch shunt reactors and capacitors at intermediate substations and in South East Queensland to minimise transmission losses under normal system conditions and to restore voltages after system disturbances.


The investigation of the structure and morphological proportions makes it possible to analyze the anatomical and biomechanical influences demanded by the sport, therefore, the measurements of anthropometric variables when measured periodically are strong indicators of the adaptive response of the organism to the stimuli of the physical training. The present study aimed at analyzing the correlation of longitudinal bone variables and muscle girths with maximal strength and power of upper and lower segments in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes. Cross-sectional and quantitative study with eight male athletes with mean age of 24.9 ± 4.0 years in the city of Fortaleza-CE. The measured anthropometric variables are described below: body mass, stature, heights, lengths, girths and skinfolds in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The analysis of the manifestations of strength was subsidized through the application of specific neuromuscular tests. The data were analyzed by statistical software. The muscle girths of the relaxed arm presented a moderate correlation with the maximal strength (r=0.58; p=0.12) and high with the power (r=0.75; p=0.02) of upper segments. The trochanterion heights (r=-0.53; p=0.16) and tibiale laterale (r=-0.69; p=0.05) and the tibiale mediale-sphyrion length (r=-0.49; p=0.21) correlated inversely with moderate with maximal strength. The correlation was also observed between the tibiale laterale length (r=-0.50; p=0.20) and the power of lower segments. The calf muscle girths moderately correlated with maximal strength (r=0.57; p=0.13) of lower segments. We concluded that the muscle girths may be related with the strength performance of the upper segments and lower in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes.


Abstract. Digitalization of low-pass filter produced from first-order inertia link is carried out firstly in this paper. Then an improved algorithm is proposed to achieve better low-pass characteristics by smoothing the first n-part data and using the smoothed data instead of n-1 based on the first step. At last, through the detailed numerical simulation analysis, the correctness and validity of the proposed improved filter design method are verified.


Cognition practice is the first professional practice course for mechanical students. The mechanical manufacturing major of Dalian university has developed a new mode of diversified cognition practice based on years of research experience: to unite the content of practice with ideas of innovation and starting business while keeping the original practice links. To improving practice quality by implementing better practice preparation, practice contents, practice method, rating method and time management. By means of this round of educational reform, the target of establishing a correct professional concept and motivating the enthusiasm of learning the profession was reached, and the cognition practice has also become popular with students, whose practicing ability and innovation capacity are also greatly improved. Keywords—Mechanical Major, Cognition Practice, Innovation and Practice, Diversity


Objective To discuss the clinical effect of antebrachial interosseous artery free flap in repairing finger soft tissue defect.Methods Antebrachial interosseous artery free flaps were applied in repairing finger soft tissue defect in 6 cases and the curative effect was recorded.Results Free flaps survived completely in the 6 cases.And the 6 cases were followed up for 8-18 months,showing good recovery of flap shape,color,elasticity and thickness.All flaps didn't require secondary repair.Conclusion Applying antebrachial interosseous artery free flap is a good way to repair finger soft tissue defect.


Device (51) for a wet dual clutch (1) comprising: - A hub (33), and - An element (55) for operating at least one pump which is coaxial with the hub (33), wherein the hub (33) having a drive surface (55) which faces a driven surface (57) of the actuating element (50), wherein the drive surface (55) of the hub (33) comprises at least one flat (70) with a flattening (58) of complementary shape of the driven surface (57) cooperates, to the actuating element (50) and the hub (33) rotationally fixed to each other.


This article is about a research whose objectives are (1) to identify the factors causing teachers not to use the environment as a learning resource, (2) to discover the learning prosess of social sciences by developing environmental learning resources, (3) to discover the learning pattern in learning social sciences at elemntary school by developing environment learning resources, (4) to increase the process skill in learning social science, (5) to discover to class model of environmental advantages as a learning resource of social sciences, and (6) to increase student learning outcame in learning social sciences. This research used an approach employing an actian research conducted by PGSD lecturers collaboratively and elementary school teachers as partners. The calss action design employed spiraling cycles.


Eu3+ + Sm3+ and Eu3+ + Nd3+ co-doped lead fluoroborate glasses were synthesized through melt-quench technique. The densities, Tg and hardness factors proved that these glasses are structurally compact and are stable upto ∼200 °C. PTBES and PTBEN glasses showed reddish and greenish emission respectively, both before and after γ rays and electron beam irradiation with 150 kGy dose. These glasses could be proposed as a potential solid state color luminescent material and as radiation sensors/shielders.


The RBF neural networks were used to predict the toxicity of 36 substituted anilines and phenols.The prediction was examined by a self-consistency test and a cross-validation test.The self-consistency test and the cross-validation test gave good results.The calculated results showed that:① the prediction of the neural network obtained by using molecular connectivity indices,linear salvation energy relationships parameters and octanol/water partitioning coefficients as net inputs was better than that of the neural network obtained by using molecular connectivity indices as the net inputs;② the prediction of the neural network obtained by using molecular electronegativity-distance vector and octanol/water partitioning coefficients as the net inputs was better than that of the neural network obtained by using molecular connectivity indices as the net inputs.The ANN method could be used to predict other important properties of organic compounds.


In these days an increasing number of public and commercial services are used through the Internet, so that security of information becomes more important issue in the society information Intrusion Detection System (IDS) used against attacks for protected to the Computer networks. IDS used for monitoring and detecting user behaviour to identify intruders. The field of intrusion detection has received increasing attention in recent years. One reason is the explosive growth of the Internet and the large number of networked systems that exist in all types of organizations. Intrusion detection techniques using data mining have attracted more and more interests in current years. As an weighty application area of data mining, they aim to meliorate the great burden of analysing huge volumes of audit data and realizing performance optimization of detection protocols. The objective of this dissertation is to try out the intrusion detection on large dataset by classification algorithms binary class support vector machine and improved its learning time and detection rate in the field of Network based IDS.


LBL-12248 Preprint <' ry CA IFORNIA NVIR I To be published in Lighting Design and Application QUICKLITE 1: A DAYLIGHTING PROGRAM FOR THE TI-59 CALCULATOR Harvey Bryan, Robert Clear, James Rosen, and Stephen Selkowitz April 1981 TWO-WEEK lOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borr()wed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Diu is ion, Ext. 6782 I Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48


Abstract:  Alopecia is a common dermatological condition in humans and other mammals. Here, we present two similar but histologically distinct mouse models of scarring alopecia. Both mutant lines were generated using random genome‐wide N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis, and both harbor dominant mutations on chromosome 11. In both mutants, there is an early onset of alopecia that progresses to nearly complete pelage hair loss in both males and females by 20 weeks of age. Histologically, there is an increased dermal cellularity due to inflammatory cell infiltration at 7–10 days of age. By 3 weeks of age, the epidermis is acanthotic and the dermis is approximately twice as thick as in control mice due to a substantial, mostly mononuclear, inflammatory cell infiltrate. This infiltrate becomes more perifollicular by 4–5 weeks of age but is localized differently in the two mutants. In alopecia 1 (Alo‐1), the perifollicular infiltrate is confined to the portion of the follicle within the dermis, whereas in Alo‐2, the infiltrate extends the full length of the follicle. Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the follicular epithelium in the two mutants is much greater than that in non‐mutants. Furthermore, MHC class I expression is localized differently in the two mutant lines and mirrors the pattern of the inflammatory infiltrate. Despite these differences, the clinical progression of alopecia is identical in both mutants. The early onset of the disease, predictable progression, and differences in inflammatory cell localization between the two mutants make these mice particularly useful models for inflammatory hair loss and autoimmune diseases in general.


The β-lactam classes of antibacterials are preeminent in the treatment of bacterial infection due to their unparalleled clinical efficacy and clinical safety. Following the discovery of the penicillins, successive β-lactam drug discovery has added the cephalosporin, penem cephamycin, clavulanate, monobactam, nocardicin, and carbapenem subclasses. The driving force behind much of this era of discovery is the staggering ability of pathogenic bacteria to adapt previous generations of the β-lactam by the acquisition and expression of resistance mechanisms. Although many factors contribute to β-lactam resistance, alterations to the molecular targets of the β-lactams (the penicillin binding proteins) and the use of enzymes (the β-lactamases) capable of the hydrolytic deactivation of the β-lactams are paramount. This review traces the historical development of β-lactam drug discovery, with emphasis on the most recent progress in the medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, and microbiology of the β-lactams leading to the discovery of new generation β-lactam antibacterials effective against the Gram-negative and -positive bacterial pathogens of current medical concern.

Keywords:

β-lactam;
β-lactamase;
penicillin;
cephalosporin;
monobactam


The moral foundation of behavioral norm of civil servent is Applied Ethics. The goal of value of behavioral norm of civil servant is to serve the people, be faithful to the country and the Constitution and one idea of honesty and credit. The system construction of behavioral norm of civil servant showed include property-declaration,norm of business communication and the limitation of gift-acception.


Today's phishing attacks are the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information. The attacks are designed in a way to fool even a modern technical user who has a complete understanding of the Internet and phishing. The attacker even send spoofed message to complement the spoofed phishing mail they have sent to make the e-mail even convincing. We have done everything from SSL to installing toolbar and Add-on to counter them, but we still could not overpower the attackers. Human being, the weakest chain in all of this, falls as a prey in the attacker's hand. To mitigate this widespread problem of phishing on the Internet, almost all modern-day browsers provide security indicators. A lot have been done to identify it, but still it remains an imminent threat on the Internet. In this paper, I have introduced a new project 'SECLAYER' to stop phishing attacks. This Add-on can detect malicious website with 100% success, if the attacker does not have physical access to the system. This Add-on interacts with its hosted companion to maintain a list of websites to prevent phishing on.


SUMMARY Introduction of sunflower varieties and hyhrids is the best protection against the sunflower moth. Sunflowerresistance to the pest depends on the presence of the phytomelanin layer in the pericarp. An analysis of 23 wild sunflower species with â saturated solution of bichromate (I(zCrOz) and sulphuric acid (HzSOt) has shown that the perennial species tested have a thicker average phytomelanin layer that the annual species. Differences have also been found between the species as well as between populations of individual species. Of the 84 populations tested, only 6 of these had the phytomelanin layer inI\UVo of the achenes tested.


Geographical references in The New York Times were analysed using a word-level coding scheme to identify the geography knowledge base that an educated adult needs to read a newspaper thoughtfully. In the same way, the geographical references in selected social studies textbook passages were analysed for the opportunities they provide students to acquire the requisite geography knowledge base. Data collected at two five-year intervals provide evidence of stability in the amount and kind of geography found in both sources of texts. The analyses show that place name knowledge is an important aid for comprehending newspaper articles; cognitive flexibility is needed on the part of a newspaper reader, particularly with regard to personification, generic geopolitical nouns and interpreting maps; and the textbook selections do not offer sufficient opportunity for students to construct knowledge at the level of detail and with the cognitive flexibility that newspaper reading requires.


The need for effective measures to protect soil and water resources has risen dramatically. This volume focuses on bioengineering technology that utilizes vetetative and vegetative-structural solutions to prevent erosion and stabilize sites disturbed by infrastructure and development.


Abstract (Editorial Comment: This article highlights the important considerations in making a diagnosis of iatrogenic posttraumatic aneurysm and suggests management techniques.)


Using diagonal method of matrix,this paper simplifies OZGUR's work on Fibonacci and Lucas sequences in 2005.As a byproduct,a connection between the Hecke group and the invertible 2 product 2 real matrix group is also obtained.


ABSTRACT The literature on RTI has indicated that professional development and coaching are critical to facilitating problem-solving implementation with fidelity. This study examined the extent to which systems coaching related to the fidelity of problem-solving implementation in 31 schools from six districts. Schools participated in three years of a state-level professional development initiative to implement RTI practices. Each school received ongoing coaching through job-embedded training, technical assistance, and evaluation support. Data on quality of coaching received, continuity of coaching (i.e., coaching provided by the same individual over time), changes in educator beliefs and perceived skills, and problem-solving implementation fidelity were examined through multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures. Results indicated that coaching continuity positively related to RtI implementation fidelity. Implications for systems coaching practices to support problem-solving and RTI implementation are discussed.


Generally, a stock index may respond more to bad news (negative shocks) than to good news (positive shocks). It means stock market volatility may tend to be greater in a declining market than in a rising market. This behavior of stock return volatility is known as asymmetric volatility or leverage effect of volatility.  A healthy and vibrant capital market is important for economic development of a nation. In the present Indian scenario, stock prices inIndiafrequently deviate from fundamental values, and it is believed that these variations are mainly due to the presence of the most dominant investment group - foreign portfolio investors. This paper  attempted to analyze the stock return volatility, especially the asymmetric effect of Indian stock market return volatility and contribution of foreign portfolio investment to that volatility. The present study was conducted by taking daily data for a period of 12 years fromApril 1, 2003toMarch 31, 2015consisting of 2898 trading observations. To study the leverage effect and impact of FPI on stock market volatility, the study used ARCH family models; GARCH, E-GARCH, and TARCH. The results of the study confirmed the existence of volatility clustering and leverage effect in the Indian stock market. Hence, it was observed from the study that the investment activities of FPIs have had a significant impact on the volatility of the Indian stock market.


194 staphylinid species were found in the Pripiat River floodplain during 1994–2001, of which 17 species were recorded for the first time in Belarus and 119 species were documented for the first time in the National Park 'Pripiatsky'. Staphylinids are quite diverse in all main habitats in the Pripiat floodplain. The highest species diversity (79 spp.) was found in floodplain meadows, the lowest one (22 spp.) ndash; on strandlines of floodplain temporary pools.


The invention discloses an alarm device for a loom motor, which comprises a host machine and is characterized in that the alarm device also comprises a temperature sensor and an alarm module, wherein the temperature sensor is connected with the host machine, the host machine is connected with the alarm module, the alarm module is a flashlamp or a buzzer, and the temperature sensor is installed on the motor. With the adoption of the invention, the problems that the motor of a loom is overheated so as to cause motor damage, influence on production of an enterprise and larger loss of the enterprise in the prior art are solved. The alarm device for the loom motor is simple in structure and convenient in use and can be used for timely warning a user that the loom motor is overheated.


This paper constructs Beijing's ecological security assessment index system based on pressure-state-response model, using composite index method to evaluate Beijing's ecological security condition, and has obtained good results. It can be seen from the result that Beijing's ecological security's composite index reduced from 0.589 in 2004 to 0.540 in 2008, which is in basal security condition and the comparative security condition. Although the reduced scope is not very big, but it also indicates the condition that Beijing's ecological security is being in a slow downtrend, the main reason is the fast-developing economy has caused the population pressure, the land pressure, the resources and environment pressure of the city enlarge seriously, so that we should enhance Beijing's ecological security awareness. From the result we also could see that the security index of social and cultural responds of Beijing has obviously advanced in the last five years, which explained that people has obviously realized the importance of the city ecological security. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


The near‐reversible nature of the oxygen–peroxide couple on platinum is demonstrated by substantial exchange currents. The transition between current by reduction of oxygen to peroxide and the reduction of peroxide to hydroxide ion is shown. Diagnostic criteria for determining the mechanism have been measured. The cathodic behavior of oxygen–peroxide systems in 1M potassium hydroxide is determined by the reduction of oxygen to peroxide when the concentration of peroxide is relatively low, and by the reduction of peroxide to water when its concentration is relatively large. At low peroxide concentrations Tafel slopes of approximately −2.3(2RT / 3F) are observed. With increasing oxygen activity these Tafel curves are translated towards increased currents in direct proportion to the pressure. In contrast, peroxide concentration changes do not influence the Tafel slopes in low concentration ranges. At high concentrations of peroxide, peroxide reduction becomes the predominant source of the observed current. T...


This research proposes an assessment model for measuring semantic and linkable potential of open data to support an improvement towards Linked open data readiness. The model is designed to use content statistics of data for calculating score to represent difference of data potential for linking in range of 0 to 1. There are two main aspects for assessing as semantic type degree and linkability. The semantic based aspect focuses on quality of data involving in semantic meaning and frequency of existing semantic concepts. The linkability is to find a possibility to create links within datasets. Datasets in this work are the data provided in open government data of Thailand for preparation towards improving to linked open data readiness. From experiments, the results showed that the model can discriminatively generate a score to identify aspect-based quality as intended. The correlation results of both proposed aspects signified that scores of semantic type degree were positively correlated to score from linkability.


By forming a protective layer before application of the planarization layer during a dual damascene strategy, in the first contact holes and trenches are patterned to provide an improved etching accuracy can be achieved. In other disclosed aspects, the contact hole opening and trenches are patterned in separate steps, which may be accomplished by a different etching appropriate dielectric materials and / or by the provision of a suitable etch stop layer, wherein filling the via opening and the trench with a barrier material and a highly conductive metal is achieved in a common filling sequence. Thus, the contact hole opening can be made on the basis of a smaller aspect ratio, while still providing a very efficient overall process sequence is provided.


The military pension deficit is increasing due to an increase in the average life expectancy and pension option rate, and a significant reason for this is estimated to be a continued increase in the number of military pension recipients. In terms of the soundness of military pension finances, this paper uses the Markov chain model to validate the stability of the military group, suggesting the direction of future military pension system in terms of the ratio of pension receipts to employees, and verifying the feasibility of the method applied through verification. Through this paper, we have confirmed that the initial 45,270 military personnel converge to 43,141 after a certain period of time and reach a stable state, which is expected to help us to estimate the long term size of military pension recipients to confirm the direction of national financial support. Military man who are eligible for pensions for more than 20 years have a relatively low rate of turnover or retirement compared to ordinary private groups, making it easier to define their status and simplify state transition probabilities. Therefore, it is expected that the sustainability of the military pension will be confirmed from a long term perspective by viewing the military group as a system and applying it to the Markov chain model by checking the probability of transfer of status such as promotion, maintaining the current grade, and retirement during the period.


EuO single crystals have been obtained from different runs of growing. Conductivity, photoconductivity, and magnetoresistance measurements were made versus temperature and for magnetic fields up to 7 kOe. The study of the results was correlated to the growing parameters. In order to explain the two types of conductivities observed, a model of conduction is proposed with acceptor levels and two types of donor levels.

Des monocristaux d'EuO ont ete obtenus avec differents parametres de croissance. Des mesures de conductivite, photoconductivite et magnetoresistance ont ete faites sur ces echantillons, en fonction de la temperature et pour des champs magnetiques allant jusqu'a 7 kOe. L'etude des resultats a ete faite en relation avec les parametres de croissance. Afin d'expliquer les deux types de comportement observes, nous proposons un modele de conduction avec des niveaux accepteurs et deux types de niveaux donneurs.


State-of-the-art automated test equipment is now able to address I/O data rates in the 10 Gigabits-per-second (Gbps) data range. This is an achievement that remained the domain of racks of bench instrumentation and appeared very challenging for ATE systems until just a few years ago. With the I/O data rates of CMOS integrated circuits continuing to grow, the challenges for designing automated test equipment continue to increase. This paper provides a discussion of the signal integrity challenges that automated test equipment must surpass to successfully characterize future I/O interfaces that could even reach 40 Gbps.


In the 1920th there happened an extraordinary drought in North China,Henan province was one of the places of the drought area.The badly stricken area in Henan province was quite large and the disaster condition was complex and caused very bad effect.This drought was co-caused by the special natural conditions;worsen ecological environment;abnormal economical structure and the disturbed political situation of the country.After the disaster happened,the central government,various social fields and the international organizations all adopted corresponding relieving actions.


Mounting evidence indicates the majority of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are associated with intracranial hypertension. The objectives of the current study were to assess outcomes regarding spontaneous CSF leaks focusing on premorbid factors, surgical technique, and management of intracranial pressure.


Recent global environmental pollution and contamination and depletion of limited fossil energy prices surge as an energy source to replace it depending on wind, fuel cells and solar power and other renewable and pollution free renewable energy is of interest in increase. The photovoltaic systems are pollution-free, unlimited energy source, and easy to install because it is rated as the most valuable renewable energy sector and the prevalence is spreading throughout the world. Photovoltaic systems at one end of the stable development of the role that solar power inverter applications can be the most important. No matter how much power the solar arrays, even if the inverter output in the normally if he's no use. These photovoltaic inverters to evaluate the performance of the inverter efficiency measures that can be called directly. This way of measuring the efficiency of solar inverters in Europe efficiency and CEC efficiency is currently being used. In this paper, until now about how to measure the efficiency of solar power inverter technology and the new Korean Meteorological Solar Insolation data analysis to derive weights based on this inverter efficiency for Korea is to offer.


The invention relates to an adapter for connecting an engine to a transmission comprising a housing, said housing having a motor-side first flange and a transmission-side second flange, the first flange and the second flange each having an opening, wherein on the adapter at least one sensor is provided. The invention also relates to a servo drive.


The main goal of this article is to generalize Hadamard's real part theorem and invariant forms of Borel–Carathéodory's theorem from complex analysis to solutions of the Riesz system in the three-dimensional Euclidean space in the framework of quaternionic analysis.


Two methods of modeling the twist beam rear suspension in ADAMS were introduced.One is equivalent dynamics of milt body model,and another is flexible-rigid body model.The dynamic character of the twist beam rear suspension was analyzed through simulating the two methods,and the difference of two methods was discussed according to the results of the simulation.Also two models were testified by the experiments.The research supplied new ways of modeling,which could be used to discover the dynamic character of suspension and uneven wear of tire.


Antigenic glycoprotein tE2 from bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the fluorescence marker EGFP were transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as vector. Analyzing the Agrobacterium and EGFP RNA/protein persistence allowed us to estimate an environmental exposure to recombinant material during 6 days after agroinfiltration. Time course analysis for the expression of EGFP shows silencing after 6 days postinfiltration with recombinant Agrobacterium strain in treated leaves. The leaf extracts expressing tE2 and EGFP were clarified at 6 days after agroinfiltration. The extracts were mixed with oil or aqueous adjuvants and injected to Balb/c mice in order to establish if the plant extracts are innocuous. Four doses were applied, followed by necropsy. No significant differences between non-recombinant extracts (control treatment) or recombinant leaf extracts in clinical and biochemical analysis were observed. In all mice injected, the adjuvant caused the classical pathological lesions observed in typical inflammatory processes at the site of inoculation. Histological sections of these lesions and major organs showed no further injury.


Underwater computer vision is a challenging task due to the severe underwater condition. The underwater optical system can provide more detailed information than the acoustic system. This paper describes a new stereo vision system for underwater object detection and 3D reconstruction. The Stereolabs ZED 2K Stereo Camera and NVIDIA Jetson TX2 are the core components of the system. A USB3.0 optical cable can transmit the high-definition video at the maximum speed of 5.0 GB/s within a distance of 300 meters. All software modules are developed based on ROS (Robot Operating System) middleware. The underwater camera calibration has been carried out to correct the underwater distortion of stereo vision, and underwater 3D reconstruction experiments have proven the validity of the system.


The article shows an objective necessity to develop veteran sports in country. The survey of the executive authorities of the constituent units of the Russian Federation in the area of physical education and sports as well as of the sport federations, including veteran ones, has provided the information about the definition of "Sports Veteran", institutional basis, competition system, financial support, participation of executive authorities in physical education and sports, participation of sport federations in veteran sports development. Certain suggestions in relation to the development of veteran sports in country have been developed.


Our IT program contains a course, Computer Algorithms (CA) for Second Year of Engineering. This course is newly introduced in the IT curriculum. Before teaching this subject I had interaction with the students who have already studied this subject in the last year. Based on the discussion, I realized that understanding of algorithms is one of the most challenging aspects for the students. Many complicated concepts and algorithms make this course to be a difficult one. Then, I have designed the concept map and OBE approach which determines, what students are expected to achieve after the completion of this course. Also, the activity plan is prepared to implement the OBE approach. The main goal of this paper is to provide an environment that engages the students allowing the construction of knowledge in a meaningful way by incorporating various interactive activities such as poster design, group presentations, animations, Quizzes, etc. This paper presents how the OBE approach for Computer algorithm course is implemented at our Institute.


Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a non-invasive and safe tool for microvasculature assessment. Since its recent inclusion to classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (American College of Rheumatology (ACR) / European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), 2013) and monitoring disease progression, the importance of NFC in rheumatology has increased. Given its growing use by a variety of physicians worldwide, both in daily practice to differentiate primary and secondary Raynaud's syndrome, and in the context of research to predict the progression of the disease and evaluate the treatment effectiveness, the description of the acquisition and analysis of capillaroscopic images remains relevant. This report provides information on the interpretation of NFC changes, particularly in systemic sclerosis and other rheumatic diseases.


If, five years ago, a writer who considered himself a serious critic had ventured to suggest that the relationship between Man and Supermarket could be of universal importance in the creation of literary masterworks, he would have been in grave danger of becoming the laughingstock of his profession. The fact that such a statement can today be made, not only with impunity, but even with an assurance of loud huzzahs from all corners of the arts world, reflects the great surge in cultural understanding that has occurred within the past half-decade and the strong influence of the so-called New Realist movement.


The government's decision to impose a 'sugar tax', announced in the 2016 Budget, should have come as no surprise, writes Dimitrinka Atanasova. Rather it was anticipated based on longer term trends in obesity news reporting – reporting on what has (even) been called a 'national emergency'.


This paper is an introduction to risk-adjusted performance in a multi-standards environment. European insurers will measure soon different economic balance sheets (IFRS, Solvency 2, MCEV), and the various notions of performance and capital included in these standards will need to be reconciled. To illustrate this hot topic, we present the results of simulations performed with a portfolio of life saving participating contracts. While not intended to be exhaustive on this complicated issue, we propose basic principles to develop appropriate measures for senior executives' decisions.


Abstract T. S. Eliot's rarely discussed prose-poem "Hysteria" poses a riddle insofar as its title's reference remains ambiguous: Both the male and female protagonist may be the locus of hysteria's disturbing presence, as well as the text itself. This article tries to unravel the hysterical knot by taking recourse to psychoanalytic theory and elucidating the dichotomies manifest in "Hysteria," in form as well as in content. The prose-poem is characterized by a divide between mind and body, male and female, symbolic and semiotic. Instead of complying with this disjunction and attributing the signs of hysteria to either side of the dichotomy, I suggest situating the origin of hysteria beyond it. Since hysteria's characteristic is transgression and role-play, it may not be confined to one pole of a binary, to the man or the woman, body or mind, but always already transcends these binary structures. Indeed, as a social malady par excellence, I believe hysteria arises out of the void at the base of the male and female protagonist's relationship and is thus a jointly produced and somatically encoded sign of distress.


The monodromy's study of Fuchsian hypergeometric dierential equation provides a natural framework for the explicit determination of rational approximations of polylogarithmic and hypergeometric functions. Thus, we can obtain almost without calculation explicit determination of many polynomials and hypergeometric power series related to their Pad e approximations. From now on, using a classical way, one can study the arithmetic nature of numbers related to the values taken by these functions.


This paper provides an overview of trade, environmental, and related public issues and policies. It discusses the pollution problem, the recent global warming trend, the attempts of world's various levels of institutions such as the UN, the WTO, regional, national, and other organizations to solve the global trade and environmental issues. It also discusses a number of basic theoretical issues and empirical findings such as the free-rider problem, tragedy of the commons, theory of second best, relative efficacy of price and quantity control, carbon leakage, border carbon adjustments, cap-and-trade system, pollution haven hypothesis, optimal social discount rate and the environmental Kuznets curve. Some computable general equilibrium models are reviewed and several notable WTO environmental and health-related trade dispute cases are analyzed, including the tuna-dolphin, shrimp-turtle, eco-labeling, beef-hormone, and GMOs cases.


In this paper we propose an innovation model for the collaboration between SME and public research institutions in order to enhance knowledge transfer and to foster the creation of a regional innovation network. A third aspect is to enhance a more intense cooperation in the public research sector between institutions and departments. In this paper we discuss the term innovation and describe the following aspects: (1) the general idea of the developed bottom-up innovation model, (2) the organizing framework of the participants in the network and (3) the procedure in the innovation process. 1 Innovation is the Key Successful innovation is the basis of a competitive economy and sustained economic long-term growth. Research and development (R&D) accounts for nearly half of the economic growth in the U.S. [PK03] [AW08]. As innovation cycles become shorter and development costs continuously increase, companies are under constant pressure to adjust their innovation development and management schemes. Nowadays it is more and more essential to collaborate with other businesses, customers, institutions and even with competitors in order to include expertise not covered by the company itself into the innovation process. Using open innovation in order to share internal and integrate external knowledge within the process of idea generation, research, development and commercialization stages help to reduce costs and risks of innovation schemes [Ch03]. The open innovation paradigm provides the opportunity to pursue innovations which do not fit into the current company strategy or to commercialize ideas generated outside the company [PD09] [GE06]. Furthermore, innovations are increasingly not developed by one single company, but are more and more created cooperatively through an entire value chain with several companies involved. Especially high-tech businesses such as information and communication technologies are forced to open up their internal innovation process and band together in networks to adjust to the global evolution pace. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) it is vitally important to create innovation networks, as they are frequently neither able to provide all skills needed in


Teachers are entering the classroom with varying levels of training as various certification routes and programs responsible for training prospective teachers in the areas of curriculum, assessment, theory, pedagogy, and classroom management differ in their requirements or lack thereof. This study attempted to determine if there is a relationship between student teaching and the number of discipline referrals written by teachers. Additionally, teachers' level of education and years of teaching experience, age, race, and gender were also factored in to determine if a correlation existed between these factors and the number of discipline referrals written by teachers. The population for this study was the middle and high school teachers in one rural south central Texas school district. Data were collected from the school district's personnel database as well as from the campus level administrators. Hierarchical regressions were used to test null hypotheses and recommendations were suggested.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to address a cultural gap in the food addiction (FA) literature by examining FA and associated clinical features in a nonclinical group of men and women residing in India.

METHOD
Participants (N = 415) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete an online survey about weight and eating. Participants completed self-report measures assessing FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS]), eating-disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire [EDE-Q]), health-related quality of life (Short Form Health Survey-12-item version [SF-12]), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2).

RESULTS
The FA symptom mean was 3.53 (SD = 1.90); 32.5% (n = 129) met FA clinical threshold on the YFAS. Groups categorized with and without FA on the YFAS did not differ significantly in sex or body mass index. YFAS scores were significantly correlated with greater frequency of binge eating, higher severity scores on all EDE-Q subscales, higher depression, and poorer functioning scores on the SF-12 (all ps < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
FA, as conceptualized and measured by the YFAS, appears to be common among individuals residing in India.


This article discusses the influence and limits of Diasporas in international relations, by focusing on the Armenian case. The Armenians, one of the « classical » Diasporas, was largely the outcome of the 1915 genocide. Since the 1960s, it has increasingly mobilized for international recognition against Turkish negationism. With the emergence of independent Armenia in 1991, the Diaspora became an actor of international relations by developing its political influence within Armenia, and by exerting lobbying power in major capitals, such as Washington. Yet, as the recent Armenian-Turkish rapprochement reveals, the power of the Diaspora is efficient when it goes hand in hand with the political orientation of Yerevan, and not against it.


In this paper we explore possibilities of using sub-Landau sampling (SLS) for the purpose of constructing digital filters. From the practical point of view, an interesting and important case occurs when the processed signal is to be passed through a linear filter characterized by one or more stopbands. In this situation there is no need to reconstruct signal components whose frequencies coincide with the stopbands. However, the signal still needs to be reconstructed in the remaining frequency ranges. The signal needs reconstructability but only partial. This implies that sub-Landau sampling could possibly be used here, but the sampling rates still cannot be arbitrarily low. The sampling scheme we exploit here is periodic nonuniform sampling (PNS). We show that many, but unfortunately not all, digital filtering problems could be effectively tackled with the use of SLS.


Focal therapies, including cryosurgery, thermal ablation, and irreversible electroporation (IRE) are widely used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases, aimed at exposing cancer cells to extreme physical conditions leading to cell death. Focal ablation outcomes are extensively studied in small animal preclinical models, such as mice; however, robust engineering characterization of these treatments is largely lacking, due in a large part to the lack of control in applying clinical devices (cm scale) to mouse tumors (mm scale). To address this issue, miniaturized probes are designed and built for controlled application of cryosurgery, thermal ablation, and IRE and their performance is evaluated using ex vivo porcine liver tissue and an in vivo MC‐38 tumor model. These experimental results are compared to simulated conditions in heat transfer (cryosurgery and thermal ablation) and electrical (IRE) models. Agreements of physical quantities between measurement and modeling are shown for all the focal therapy cases. The in vivo outcome is further correlated with tumor growth delay. The characterization improves the understanding of the energy dose to create tissue damage, therefore enables to better understand outcomes in preclinical studies and predict and optimize the outcome of future clinical procedures.


THIRTY-FIVEY E A R S H A V E PASSED since the American Library Association received a grant from the Carnegie Corporation to study how public libraries might develop their services to carry out the ideals and purposes of adult education. During this relatively short period the concept of the library's functions in adult education has developed slowly, sometimes haltingly, but continuous experimentation has pushed services out beyond traditional boundaries, and increasing study and research have provided a firm foundation of basic philosophy. In 1924 when adult education became an organized movement, the public library was selected by the Carnegie Corporation as one of the agencies in a strategic position to assume leadership, and the A.L.A. undertook the task of investigating its role in this movement. A Commission on the Library and Adult Education, composed of some of the leaders in the profession, was appointed and after two years of study published The Library and Adult Education,l a book which provided the direction for library action for the years ahead. Their recommendations have become so woven into our thinking as to seem commonplace today. By 1953 when C. W. Stone wrote a history and synthesis of the adult education movement and the public library, he stated that the commonly accepted functions of the public libraries at that time were to further self education, provide materials and information service to community informal education activities, and to act as exhibit centers for community development. Less accepted though practiced in some large libraries, were program planning for community groups and the sponsorship of group programs. Still controversial and seldom attempted were the ideas that the library should


The propagation of whispering gallery modes along an optical fiber is fully controlled by nanoscale variation of the effective fiber radius. In the present work we demonstrate the possibility of the creation, tuning, translation and annihilation of arbitrary-shaped transient photonic elements, such as miniature slow light delay lines, dispersion compensators and dispersionless optical buffers, at the surface of an initially regular optical fiber. This is achieved by means of local heating of the fiber with low-power focused CO2 laser radiation, which introduces nanoscale change to the effective radius of the fiber because of thermo-refractive coupling and thermal expansion. The CO2 laser beam is swept along the fiber, with its position and intensity programmably controlled by an acousto-optical deflector, so that the shape and the settling speed for these structures are constrained only by thermal relaxation processes inside the irradiated fiber. Possible realization of a similar technique on a chip, with laser beam heating substituted by on-chip DC heaters, is analysed. The potential application of this method to the on-the-fly fine tuning of the shape of pre-created Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) elements, particularly providing gates for switching on and off coupling of optical delay elements to a photonic circuit, is also discussed.


Akhlak are the concern of people everywhere, both in advanced societies and underdeveloped societies, because if in a society there are many people whose Akhlak have been damaged, the society will be damaged. This shows that the position of morality in human life occupies a very important position, both as individuals and as members of society and the nation. "The rise and fall of a nation depends on the moral state of the nation itself. If their Akhlak are good, they will prosper both physically and mentally, but on the contrary if their Akhlak are bad, the nation will be damaged. In the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad Saw. which means "Educate your children because they were born to live in an age different from yours". Because children are a gift or a mandate from Allah Swt. which must always be maintained and maintained continuity


The discussion which follows leads to a set of simultaneous equations relating system parameters to channel capacity and performance minima, and to their solution. Largely due to the characteristic distribution of fading probabilities, the optimum system is not very sharply defined. It is also observed that nature, in a lapse of perversity, arranged for microwave fading probabilities which do not very closely match the performance expectations of the telephone user! Hence, a truly optimum FM system for long haul service is not quite within the reach of the designer. In order to avoid somewhat prolonged algebraic detours in the text of the argument, equations relating the detection threshold and channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to system parameters are derived in an appendix.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of tinnitus and associated handicap after unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL); in addition, to determine the hearing handicap experienced as a consequence of such a loss.

STUDY DESIGN
Identification of patients and determination of demographic and audiologic data by retrospective case review; determination of handicap and distress by postal questionnaire.

SETTING
Teaching hospital department of otolaryngology.

PATIENTS
Thirty-eight patients were identified as having been treated for a unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the period 1988 through 1997. Of those, 21 (55.3%) replied to the questionnaire.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Audiometric data at admission and at 4-week follow-up, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), visual analogue scales of tinnitus loudness and distress, Hearing Handicap Inventory in Adults (HHIA).

RESULTS
The questionnaire responder group did not significantly differ from the questionnaire nonresponder group on demographic nor audiometric variables, and hence were considered to be a representative sample. Tinnitus was present in 14 patients (67%). Hearing handicap was found in 86% of patients (of the 21 questionnaire responders) and tinnitus handicap in 57% (of the 14 with tinnitus). Correlations were found between tinnitus loudness, distress, and handicap. There was no correlation between time elapsed since SSNHL and tinnitus or hearing handicap, nor was there a correlation between the extent of audiometric loss and hearing or tinnitus handicap. A strong negative correlation was, however, found between recovery in audiometry in the first 4 weeks after onset and tinnitus and hearing handicap. The audiometric status of the contralateral ear correlated with hearing handicap.

CONCLUSIONS
A majority of patients after unilateral SSNHL have a perceived handicap associated with tinnitus and hearing. Although this condition is an otologic emergency, careful thought should be given to the audiologic rehabilitation of this patient group.


For sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems, there is a pressing need to increase our knowledge of fish and invertebrates associated with this system. This study sampled microhabitats (89–258 ...


The number and variety of state policies regulating abortion each year is increasing. Opponents of abortion adopted a strategy of "legal but inaccessible" that has resulted in the passage of more than 700 state laws since the early 1990s. Despite being a very active area of policy making, we lack a coherent explanation for the proliferation of abortion policy. Scholars studying different policies at discrete moments in time have come to conflicting conclusions about how well theories of morality policy and representation explain abortion policy. Using an original dataset comprised of a near-universe of pro- and anti-abortion rights policy from 1973 to 2013, I establish the ways in which partisan control of the government and the moral preferences of constituents shape state policy. I find that anti-abortion rights policies are well explained by both theories but that pro-abortion rights policies are not well explained as a morality policy or with descriptive representation. In addition, I show the heterogeneous effect of representation across anti-abortion rights policies; Democratic women and governors decrease the probability of only certain anti-abortion rights policies.


Two higher homologues of N(p-n-nonyloxybenzylidene)p-n-alkylanilines, viz. the 9O.m series with m = 12 and 16, are synthesised and characterised by thermal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and density studies. The compounds exhibit the phase variants smectic-A, smectic-B and smectic-G. Density studies reveal the first order nature of the isotropic to smectic-A and smectic-A to smectic-B transitions. An estimate of the pressure dependence of the phase transition temperature, using volume and enthalpy data, is presented. A comparison of these results with those reported on nO.m and other liquid crystalline compounds is presented.


In this article the distribution functions are constructed with the solution of the Schrdinger equation in phase space and it is found that the constructions of various distribution functions are not the same.


Daily active rhythm of four radio collared golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) had been studied by monitoring each individual at 10 minute interval for more than 3 continuous days in each months at Foping Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province from April to August in 1996. The activities of feeding, standing and walking were accounted to 69 95 ±11 06 % for each 24 hours ( n =40), and 76 77% of the activities were recorded in the period of sun raising to sun setting. Three active peaks were found in 06:00~08:00, 10:00~12:00, 18:00~20:00 , during which takins were observed feeding in the field. In the night takins spend most time at rest, but one active peak was more likely to record in the midnight of 0:00~1:00 . The daily active rhythm of takin could be affected by climate factors such as the intensity of sunshine, temperature and raining etc. Takins were engaged in busily feeding in the morning from 06:00 to 07:00 and in the evening of 18:30~19:30 . At those time period more than 90% of the active signals were recorded for the four radio collared animals. The activity rate of radio collared animals were much lower in the hard raining days. There were difference in active rhythm and time budget between individuals in different ages among the four radio collared takins.


Systemic lupus erythematosus starting beyond the age of 50 years is considerate as a late onset disease, and constitutes a subgroup with some demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, in agreement with former studies. We performed a review searching on PubMed using key words present in the title. In this review articles published in the last ten years were included besides older ones included in the rheumatology textbooks. Since the decade of the 1960s there was the concept that late onset systemic lupus erythematosus had a benign course with less gender difference comparing to the young adult onset disease. More recent studies continue confi rming the lower predominance in female than male as compared to the younger onset disease. However, several more recent studies evaluating ethnically different populations showed that the late onset disease had worst prognosis than published previously, due to comorbidities frequent in this age group that can infl uence their healthy status. The most frequent causes of mortality are infection followed by pulmonary and coronary diseases. The lower frequency of hypocomplementemia in late onset disease continues to be found, however, renal involvement is now considered similar to that found in young adult disease. There is consensus that late onset disease affects less frequently the skin, especially malar rash and photosensitivity, however it seems that the course is not as benign as reported in previous studies.


Education within Australia is generally administered by the various states and supplemented by private denominational institutions . To each state government falls the duty of determining such matters as syllabus content, distribution of facilities, general administration and so on . These matters (and others) are dealt with at many levels within the bureaucracies of each state . Nevertheless the federal government allocates to each state, through grants, the major funding required to implement any educational pol i c i e s. The Commonwealth also funds a numb er of student assistance schemes which vary du e t o the location of each student. The result is a s y s t e m within each state which , to a certain degre e, has some homogeneneity in terms of cour se content and assessment procedures . This homog eneity is not necessarily transferable between sta tes although in practice certain similarities may e xist .


The effectiveness of social distancing as a disease-slowing measure is dependent on the degree of compliance that individuals demonstrate to such orders. In this ongoing research, we study outdoor pedestrian activity in New York City, specifically using (a) video streams gathered from public traffic cameras (b) dashcam footage from vehicles driving through the city, and (c) mobile phone geo-location data volunteered by local citizens. This project seeks to form a multi-scale map of urban mobility and space occupancy under social distancing policy. The data collected will enable researchers to infer the activities, contexts, origins, and destinations of the people in public spaces. This information can reveal where and, in turn, why stay-at-home orders are and are not being followed. As a work in progress, it is yet too early for detailed findings on this project. However, we report here on several unanticipated factors that have already influenced the course of the project, among them: the death of George Floyd and subsequent protests, data collection challenges, changes in the weather, and the unexpected nature of the progression of COVID-19.


The binary X-ray pulsar Vela X-1 (3U 0900-40) was observed by the Ariel V satellite from February 7, 1979, for approximately 40 days. Data analysis led to a spectral point in the low energy (2.9-7.6 keV) range, and two upper limits in the high energy (26-122 keV) range. The results are compared with the high energy balloon data of the Munich group. Fit with a modified black body spectrum at kT of about 10 keV is shown to be good. At energies of about 40 keV, data from both observations show a steeper cutoff behavior than that predicted by the modified black body. This appears to suggest the presence of strong magnetic fields in the neutron star polar cap region responsible for the hard X-ray emission of Vela X-1.