Six of seven hfl mutations of Escherichia coli K12, characterized by high frequencies of lysogenization by phage lambda and XcIII mutants, are shown to be tightly linked to, but not within, the purA locus. All six hfl mutations are recessive to wild type in hfi+/hfl merodiploids and all lie in a single complementation group, located just counterclockwise from the pur.4 locus. All six mutations confer a slightly increased resistance to penicillin and rifamycin and a slightly increased sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Some cases of intragenic complementation and intragenic recombination were observed. It is argued that the hfl+ gene determines the synthesis of a protein which antagonizes lysogenization by phage lambda. It is further argued that the function of the AcIIZ gene product is to negate the antagonistic effect of this hfi+ protein. N 1971 BELFORT and WULFF described a mutant of Escherichia coli K12 which I was lysogenized with very high frequencies by phage lambda and hcZZZ mutants. Subsequent studies showed that this mutant, called hfl-2 for high frequency of lysogeny, was also slightly resistant to penicillin and rifamycin, this latter effect being due to a change in permeability, and slightly more sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate (BELFORT and WULFF 1973a). Further studies showed that the host hfl mutation was cZZZ-specific, which is to say that it acted as if it supplied a cZZZ-like function in abundance to infecting lambda phage particles (BELFORT and WULFF 1973b). But the mechanism by which it acted was unclear. One possibility was that the hfl-2 mutation represented a change in function of some protein within the host so that it could substitute for the XcZZZ gene product, much in the way in which certain leuD mutations may be suppressed by gene substitution (KEMPER and MARGOLIN 1969). Another possibility was that the hfl-2 mutation represented a loss of function, that is, a mutation from an active protein, which might be called the Hfl+ protein, to an inactive protein. The Hfl+ protein would in some way antagonize the establishment of lysogeny by lambda, although the mode of action of the Hfl+ protein could be quite indirect. According to this second model, it would be further argued that the normal , W I Z gene product promotes lysogenization by negating the antagonistic effect of this Hflf protein. The first hypothesis, that of a change of function in the hfl-2 mutant, Genetics 77: 435-8 July, 1974. 436 J. W. GAUTSCH A N D D. L. WULFF predicts that hfl mutants should be dominant over the hfl+ allele in merodiploids. The second hypothesis, that of loss of function in the hfl-l mutant, predicts that hfl mutcnts should be recessive to the hfl+ allele in merodiploids. Another interesting facet of the earlier studies on the hfl-1 mutation was the extremely tight linkage of hfl-1 to the purA locus (BELFORT and WULFF 1973a). With the purA mutation in strain ES4, 100% co-transduction was observed (no recombinants in several hundred transductants) and with the purA mutation in strain KG20 there was 97% co-transduction. This raised the possibility that the hfl-I mutation lay within the purA locus itself. To answer these questions we isolated several hfz mutants and did both fine structure mapping and complementation studies with them. The results indicate that the hfl mutation represents a loss of function and that the hfl gene lies to the left (counterclockwise) of all purA mutants tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains: Bacterial strains used in this study are derivatives of Escherichia coli K12; hfl+ strains are described in Table 1, haploid hfl strains in Table 2 and merodiploid hfl strains in Table 3. The methods used to obtain these strains are described more fully below.


We investigate the problem of cloning a set of states that is invariant under the action of an irreducible group representation. We then characterize the cloners that are extremal in the convex set of group covariant cloning machines, among which one can restrict the search for optimal cloners. For a set of states that is invariant under the discrete Weyl-Heisenberg group, we show that all extremal cloners can be unitarily realized using the so-called double-Bell states, whence providing a general proof of the popular ansatz used in the literature for finding optimal cloners in a variety of settings. Our result can also be generalized to continuous-variable optimal cloning in infinite dimensions, where the covariance group is the customary Weyl-Heisenberg group of displacement000.


The problems of sealing technique of hole drilled along seam in C5301 coal face of Goutou coal mine are analysed.The short sealing depth and sealing holes leakage are found to be the reasons.Aiming at these reasons,the sealing technique is reformed and then tested in C5302 coal face.The better drainage effect is achieved,with gas and coal outbursts prevented,providing reference for gas drainage technique in the same condition.


Meeting multiple resource objectives, such as increasing resilience to climate change, while simultaneously increasing watershed health, conserving biodiversity, protecting old-growth, reducing the risk of catastrophic wildfire, and promoting ecosystem health, is paramount to landscape restoration. Central to public land management efforts in the West is the widespread adoption of size-prohibited cutting of "large" trees, a limitation referred to as a "diameter cap." In this study, we used the most commonly proposed prescription for the Four Forest Restoration Initiative in northern Arizona to explore the implications of diameter caps for multiple resource responses through the use of model simulations. We found that implementing progressively smaller caps in southwestern ponderosa pine may result in relatively similar live tree densities, canopy cover, and large snag densities but higher basal areas, mean tree size, torching indices, and scenic beauty with lower water yield and herbaceous production. When diameter cap scenarios are compared, tradeoffs exist, and no single metric is suited for overall scenario evaluation.


The paper deals with the role of modern demographic features in the island tourism development. The population age structure is the main limiting factor of development on the majority of islands. That cannot be said for the educational structure. at least not in a significant measure, but in a part of the islands it undoubtedly represents the brake to a more powerful development of modern tourism. The conclusion is that on the majority of islands the human resource is one of the weaker points in the possible application of the new tourism conception.


Background: Extravascular inflammatory expression may adversely influence coronary lesion formation through outside-to-inside signaling. Maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18-FDG detected b...


Diagnostic difficulties in the assessment of osteoid-osteoma of os hamatum (its recidive or persistence) are outlined by means of a case report. Even by great expenditure diagnostic a 100% safe diagnosis is not achieved in any case


NICE recently published a new guideline on chronic pain, covering the assessment of all types of chronic pain (both primary and secondary) and the management of chronic primary pain in over 16‐year‐olds. This article summarises the key recommendations.


Bioethanol is a liquid chemical produced from sugar-, starch-or lignocellulosic-based biomass through fermentation by ethanol-producing microbes. Ethanol-producing yeast generally has limited tolerance to ethanol and has limitation to high temperatures above 40°C. High-temperature tolerant yeast is required because it potentially reduces the risk of contamination and it also reduces the cost of the cooling process. This study aims to determine ethanol-producing yeasts that have tolerance to ethanol and high temperatures from local fermented food products. This study uses a descriptive method conducted in three stages. Isolation and selection of yeast were performed from 18 local fermented foods in Indonesia. Temperature and ethanol tolerance of selected yeast were performed by using a spot test method. The ethanol content was tested using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results exhibited that isolate F08b had the highest tolerance to ethanol and temperature. The isolate was able to grow up to a temperature of 50°C and a concentration of 18% ethanol. Meanwhile, isolate F10 was able to produce the highest ethanol concentration at 3.37% (v/v) in 48th-hour fermentation.


Fingerprints have been significantly utilized for enormous security systems for their high-level accuracy. They even have been used effectively in smartphone devices for payment in addition to the security purpose. In this paper we propose a new finger print recognition method based on ridge and valley features in finger print images. These features extracted by rotating Gaussian semi _filters. The novelty of this finger print approach based on the mixing of directional filters and differences of Gaussian filter ideas. We obtain a new ridge/valley detector enabling very precise detection of ridge/valley points. This method conducted on different fingerprints database images, the proposed method achieves recognition accuracy rate of more than 99% for three fingerprint image datasets ATVS, LivDet2009, and LivDet2011.


This study aims at exploring various ways of winery waste (seeds, stems and peels) usage; specifically its goal is to provide alternative solutions on the use of grape seeds. The objective is to encourage wineries to apply value adding technologies in order to reduce their waste generation and disposal. Moreover, this research provides alternative solutions to diminish wineries' environmental impact and introduces to them additional sources of income through the use of grape seed related products in food industry, cosmetology, as well as in medicine.


This course was light years from other courses: no emphasis on marks but much encouragement to pursue individual interests with a journal. It's an unpressured way to learn. I didn't take advantage of what may be taken as a "cinch" courseI felt compelled and motivated and the return was phenomenal. I'm very impressed with the lack of 'threat' which has surrounded English '79. Learning for the sake of learning was the key.


Perhaps the most famous statistic about Okinawa is that it hosts the majority of the land area of US military bases in Japan despite comprising only a fraction of a percent of the total land area of the state. The central government in Tokyo has refused to countenance substantial revision of the status quo in the face of increasing local opposition, including mass protests and the election of anti-base politicians at the local, prefectural, and national level. The relocation of the controversial US Marine base at Futenma, in urban Ginowan City, to Henoko, in the north of the island, has become the locus of opposition in recent years. Activists, local and progressive national media, and local and progressive national politicians call for it to be relocated outside of Okinawa to reduce the burden on the prefecture, while the central government, the conservative national media, and the United States (US) maintain that the current relocation plan must be implemented. Pro-Henoko actors insist that to do otherwise would undermine 'deterrence' (yokushiryoku), stating that the base is 'indispensable' (fukaketsu), linking the US Marines presence to the 'China threat', the nearby Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands dispute, and the very existence of the Japan-US alliance. Furthermore, the current relocation plan is narrated as the 'only' (yuitsu) solution to alleviate the burden on Okinawa, and to block or alter it puts the lives of the residents of Ginowan City at risk. This strategic narrative of deterrence became the common sense understanding of the issue, however, its persuasive power is waning. The unintended consequences of the narrative may ironically include a negative impact on the deterrence Japan enjoys courtesy of the US.


Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are the name given to a group of symptoms including dysuria and incontinence. The term was first coined in the 1990s to describe symptoms in men which had previously been known as prostatitis, to aid recognition that these symptoms were not always attributable to prostate problems and to reduce unnecessary prostate surgery. It was then widened to cover a "non-sex-specific, non-organ-specific group of symptoms, which are sometimes age-related and progressive". [1]Nevertheless the term LUTS is more often applied to men, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has produced guidelines on the topic which only apply to men. [2]


An optimal income appropriation policy for a co-operative The income (after interest payable, except on deferred bonuses and before taxation) can be appropriated in three different ways (different combinations are possible), i.e. the payment of cash bonuses, the declaration of deferred bonuses, and the conversion of deferred bonuses in shares. Each of these methods has different cash flow and tax consequences for a co-operative and its shareholders. Each of the above-mentioned methods results in a tax deduction for a co-operative and an increase in taxable income for the member even if there is no cash inflow. Interest and dividends as compensation also have different tax consequences for both the co-operative and its members. To determine the optimal income appropriation policy a long term cash flow model is developed to establish the effect of a specific policy on the cash position of both the co-operative and the member. The co-operative also has to watch its solvency carefully. The marginal tax rate of the member also plays an important role.


From the downfall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, the center of Eastern Orthodoxy slowly shifted from the Byzantine church, which suffered a tragic deterioration under the rule of the Turk, to the Empire of the Russian Orthodox tsars. Before the World War, the predominant rôle in numbers and resources as well as in spiritual and theological leadership was played by the church of Russia. Out of the total of some 144 millions of Orthodox adherents, the Russian membership comprised about 110 millions. By reason of its wealth and of the generous financial aid which it freely dispensed to the rest of the needy Orthodox communions, Russia exercised a far reaching, in some instances controlling, influence among them. Moreover, the Russian Slavophil theologians and publicists have been largely instrumental in the modernization of Orthodox theology which they have restated in modern philosophico-religious terms. In turn, the Russian thought has affected all Orthodox communions and has exercised a dominant theological influence over them.


In May 2021, a study found that British meat eaters failed to recognize the role of factory farms in the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Industrial-scale livestock raising, with its reliance on antibiotics and its close proximity between humans and animals, is a leading cause for infectious disease. [...]the busy FDA was incentivized to relax rather than tighten restrictions, and its 1966 report entrenched rather than revisited existing regulatory pathways. Kirchhelle demonstrates that regulatory landmarks like the 1962 Neverthorpe Report were as much the result of professional feuds between veterinarians, farmers, and public health officials as they were a reflection of Britain's less fragmented public focus on antimicrobial resistance and animal welfare.


B soil crusts, or biocrusts, are major contributors to the biodiversity and ecosystem functions of deserts, semideserts, woodlands, and grasslands worldwide (Belnap 2003; Weber et al. 2016). Biocrust communities contain a diverse assemblage of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, and bryophytes, as well as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other associated soil organisms. Collectively, biocrust organisms influence erosion rates, water infiltration, nutrient cycling, carbon (C) storage, and vascular plant composition, among other ecological attributes (Weber et al. 2016). Increasing recognition of the pivotal role that biocrusts play in dryland ecosystems has spurred calls for greater appreciation, protection, and restoration of these communities (Belnap 2003; Bowker 2007; Ferrenberg et al. 2017). Although attention and research have overwhelmingly focused on biocrusts in arid and semiarid climates, biocrusts frequently occur in more humid regions as well (eg Eldridge 1999; Thiet et al. 2014; Schulz et al. 2016). In wetter climates, the open canopy and sparse litter that biocrust communities require are usually restricted to areas where vascular plant primary productivity is low (Eldridge et al. 2000; Büdel et al. 2014). The particular habitats that support biocrusts also often support a broader diversity of distinctive plants and animals absent from the more typical habitats of their region (eg forests; Eldridge 1999; Eldridge et al. 2000; Büdel et al. 2014), and biocrusts can therefore be thought of as "islands" in a sea of surrounding landscape. Such biocrust islands include barrens, sand plains, alvar communities, sparse grasslands, and sand dunes (Table 1) that are often appreciated and managed for their conservation value at regional and global scales. The presence of biocrusts in these ecosystems makes them even more biodiverse than is commonly recognized. Diverse biocrusts dominated by algae, cyanobacteria, bryophytes, and lichens have been documented in the US Midwest (eg Iowa [Schulten 1985], northwestern Ohio [Neher et al. 2003], northern Indiana [Thiet et al. 2005], and Wisconsin [WDNR 2015]), the US Northeast (eg Cape Cod [Smith et al. 2004; Thiet et al. 2014], New Jersey's Pinelands [Sedia and Ehrenfeld 2005], and New York [Gilman 1995; Stergas and Adams 1989]), Florida (Hawkes and Flechtner 2002), and temperate regions of Europe (eg Sparrius 2011; Büdel et al. 2014; Schulz et al. 2016) as well as temperate Australia (Eldridge 1999; Eldridge et al. 2000; O'Bryan et al. 2009). We suspect that a lack of recognition of the status of temperate biocrusts as a discrete community with ecological importance has resulted in numerous additional sites worldwide going unnoticed. Here, we review what is known about biocrusts in temperate regions where they have been studied (primarily North America, Europe, and Australia), with a focus on the unique Temperate biocrusts: mesic counterparts to their betterknown dryland cousins


A new searching algorithm named the annealing-genetic algorithm(AGA) was proposed by skillfully merging GA with SAA. It draws on merits of both GA and SAA ,and offsets their shortcomings. The difference from GA is that AGA takes objective function as adaptability function directly, so it cuts down some unnecessary time expense because of float-point calculation of function conversion. The difference from SAA is that AGA need not execute a very long Markov chain iteration at each point of temperature, so it speeds up the convergence of solution and makes no assumption on the search space,so it is simple and easy to be implemented. It can be applied to a wide class of problems. The optimizing principle and the implementing steps of AGA were expounded. The example of the parameter optimization of a typical complex electromechanical system named temper mill shows that AGA is effective and superior to the conventional GA and SAA. The control system of temper mill optimized by AGA has the optimal performance in the adjustable ranges of its parameters.


Abstract The interaction of scopolamine and cholesterol with sphingomyelin bilayers has been investigated by FT-Raman spectroscopy in head-group region (600-1000 cm-1), the C-C stretching (1000-1200 cm-1), CH2 deformation (1400-1500 cm-1) and the C-H stretching (2800-3000 cm-1) mode regions. The results indicate that scopolamine and cholesterol do not change the conformation of O-C-C-N+ backbone in the choline group of sphingomyelin bilayers, the polar headgroup is still extending parallel to the bilayer surface and 0-C-C-N+ group is still in its gauche conformer. Scopolamine and cholesterol lower the order of the interface, the interchain, CH2 crystal lattices and the lateral chain-chain packing, and increase their fluidity.


In the spring of 1945, the world was shocked by the published photographs that had been taken in Bergen-Belsen and other camps during the war. Today we know that about two million people were killed in the Nazi concentration camps, which were a central instrument of the persecution and terror that characterized the Nazi regime. Auschwitz, more than any other camp, however, has come to symbolize the concentration-camp system—and, to a great extent, has become synonymous with the Holocaust itself. Although an impressive amount of books and articles has been published on the subject of the concentration camps over the last few decades, a new, noteworthy wave of research has recently appeared in various countries and particularly in Germany. Some of the results of this research, which, in many respects, indicate a more complex picture than before, were included in the two volumes following an international conference in Weimar in November 1995.1 From the Ph.D. dissertation of Karin Orth – one of the co-editors of these volumes – two books have emerged: one about the concentration-camp system; and one about a circle of about 300 leading SS officers within the camps, the "concentration camp SS." These books offer new views on the concentration camps and raise new questions as well.2


Applications of ultrasound images have expanded from fetal imaging to abdominal and cardiac diagnosis. Liver-being the largest gland in the body and responsible for metabolic activities requires to be to be diagnosed and therefore subject to utmost injury. Although, ultrasound imaging has developed into three and four dimensions providing higher amount of information; it requires highly trained medical staff due to the image complexity and dimensions it contain. Since 2D ultrasound images are still considered to be the basis of clinical treatments,computer aided automated liver diagnosis is very essential. Due to the limitations of ultrasound images, such as loss of resolution leading to speckle noise, it is difficult to detect shape of this http URL this project, we propose a shape detection method for liver in 2D Ultrasound images. Then we compare the accuracies of the method for both noise and after noise removal.


Understanding the patterns of genetic diversity of species and precise stock identification are important in fisheries conservation management. However, studies on genetic diversity, connectivity, population structure, and gene flow of groupers within the Indo-Malaya Archipelago (IMA) waters are limited. The objective of the present study was to examine the phylogeographic patterns of the family Epinephelidae in IMA waters based on a parallel study of five selected species utilizing the mitochondrial COI. The grouper species were: areolate grouper (Epinephelus areolatus), blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus), six-bar grouper (Epinephelus sexfasciatus), blue-lined hind (Cephalopholis formosa), and white-edged lyretail (Variola albimarginata). Specimens were obtained from fish landing sites and fish markets from 23 locations throughout the IMA waters. This study showed genetic structuring for two species (Epinephelus areolatus and Variola albimarginata) but genetic homogeneity for the other three investigated species across IMA. Various geological and demographic histories, local and regional oceanographic features, and biological characteristics are hypothesized to shape the present genetic pattern of each species across the IMA waters. The establishment of effective international cooperation is encouraged to manage grouper species stocks in this region.


The synthesis of phosphino- and phosphine sulfide-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and phosphine sulfide quinolines is described. The synthetic route involves a multicomponent reaction of 2-phosphinoaniline or 2-phosphine sulfide-aniline, aldehydes, and styrenes for the preparation of phosphino- or phosphine sulfide-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and allows for the selective generation of two stereogenic centers in a short, efficient, and reliable approach. The selective oxidation of phosphine sulfide-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines led to the formation of the phosphine sulfide quinolines.


; the article deals with questions of language competence and the theory of language for Special Purposes as they are developed in the works of scholars in our country and abroad. Three main purposes of high school are analysed. The authors discuss the theoretical, methodological aspects and technologies of teaching modernization of foreign languages in polytechnics. ABSTRACT: specialized lesson of foreign language requires special attention to the choice of texts and methods of analyzing them. The criterion of choosing texts are: 1) originality, 2) integration of theme and aim. 3) appropriate vocabulary, 4) grammar exercises, vocabulary exercises and so on. Scit Anderungen


Abstract. Geochronological reconstruction revealed the mercury pollution in the water area of Inkerman Bay between 2002 to 2021. Mercury concentrations in the profile of bottom sediments in this water area ranged from 99.0 to 264.1 g kg-1. The studies indicated that the largest mercury influx occurred in 2016 and 2017. The sorption saturation limit of the water area was not exceeded and amounted to 9.6% relative to the maximum value. The mercury deposition flux into the bottom sediments, which was calculated based on the geochronology of mercury distribution, was 0.6 kg year-1.


Nonlinear interaction of capillary waves for the first azimuthal modes of an elliptical jet in an electric cross-section field is examined by the product of two independent small parameters. The interaction itself arises due to the ellipticity of the section perpendicular to the jet. Three azimuth modes participate in the interaction: either even or odd ones. When compared with a jet in a radial electrostatic field, the stability of the jet in a perpendicular uniform electrostatic field is reduced. It turned out that the characteristic time for implementing instability decreases with an increase in the initial amplitudes of the interacting modes and with an increase in the intensity of the external electrostatic field, and it also depends on the value of the wave number.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate a classroom-based Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA) program on social functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

DESIGN
This was a multisite, control-to-intervention design study.

SETTINGS/LOCATION
The study was conducted in 41 classrooms in 15 schools in Brisbane, Australia.

SUBJECTS
Sixty-four (64) 5- to 12-year-old children diagnosed with ASD comprised the study group.

INTERVENTION
The AAA program consisted of 8 weeks of animal exposure in the school classroom in addition to 16 20-minute animal-interaction sessions.

OUTCOME MEASURES
Teacher- and parent-reported child behavior and social functioning were assessed through standardized instruments at three time points: upon study entry (Time 1), after an 8-week waiting period during the week prior to the AAA program (Time 2), and during the week following the 8-week AAA program (Time 3).

RESULTS
Significant improvements were identified in social functioning, including increases in social approach behaviors and social skills, and decreases in social withdrawal behaviors, from before to after the AAA program, but not during the waitlist period. Over half of parents also reported that participants demonstrated an increased interest in attending school during the program.

CONCLUSIONS
Results demonstrate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a new classroom-based Animal-Assisted Activities model, which may provide a relatively simple and cost-effective means of helping educators and families to improve the social functioning of children with ASD.


This article summarized and indentified the origin and characteristics for the penetrant of urban house-refuse,analyzed the situation and methods for the penetrant of urban house-refuse's dealing and specially discussed the current technology development for the penetrant of urban house-refuse's dealing at this present stage.


Provided are a method for constructing a waterproof coating to form a waterproof coating with excellent chemical resistance, ozone resistance and UV resistance and high recovery, and a waterproofing agent used in the method. The method comprises the steps of providing a waterproofing agent which comprises 15-50 wt% of an aqueous chloroprene rubber latex, 45-80 wt% of a nonionic emulsified asphalt or an anionic emulsified asphalt and 1.0-5.0 wt% of an additive and has a pH of 7-12; spraying the waterproofing agent on the surface of a product to be coated; spraying a mixing agent comprising purified water and a curing agent to the surface of a product to be coated simultaneously when the waterproofing agent is sprayed; and forming a waterproof coating on the product by the rapid curing reaction of the waterproofing agent and the mixing agent.


A simple and reliable method to separate rare earth elements (REE) from Mg, Fe, K, Na, Ca and Ba in ultramafic rocks has been developed, thereby concentrating their abundances. The sample (0.3 g) was digested with HF and HNO3 in a PTFE bomb, placed in a stainless steel container and, after drying, the insoluble residue was dissolved in 6 ml of 10% v/v HNO3. Following the addition of 50% triethanolamine and 30% m/v NaOH solution, the REE were precipitated along with Mg(OH)2, such that the majority of Fe, K and Na in the solution could be separated by centrifuging. The precipitate was dissolved in 1 ml HNO3 and a buffer solution of NH4Cl/NH4OH at pH = 9.0 was added to precipitate the REE along with any remaining Fe as Fe(OH)3, and so achieve separation from Mg, Ca and Ba, which remained in the solution. In this way, REE could be separated from major elements and were concentrated by a factor of about 60. The recovery of REE was more than 95% using this method. Four ultramafic rock reference materials, PCC‐1 (USGS), JP‐1 (GSJ), DZE‐1, DZE‐2 (IGGE) and one new proficiency testing sample GeoPT12 (GAS Serpentinite) were analysed by ICP‐MS using indium as an internal standard. The quantitation limits were about 0.02–0.2 ng g−1. Smooth chondrite‐normalised REE patterns were obtained with a precision for REE determination of about 2–9%.


The paper has evolved from an earlier work by the present authors and develops the theory previously employed to determine the distribution of current over the cross-section of a rectangular conductor lying in a slot with a narrow opening. The analysis has been simplified by assuming that the thickness of insulation on the conductor is negligible, and that the effect of eddy currents in the slot walls may be ignored. It is found that the current density at any point can be expressed in the form of an infinite series of hyperbolic functions, from which the complex impedance per unit length of conductor has been determined. Graphs showing the variation of effective resistance and reactance with different bar configurations are given, together with the modifications necessary for different frequencies and conductor material. The results show that, at power frequencies, the effective resistance of the bar is unaffected by the width of the slot opening, and the appropriate formula agrees with that obtained by Field for the open slot; but the effective reactance is substantially increased as the slot opening is narrowed. A description of the conditions under which the effective resistance is affected by variation of the slot opening is included.


In this paper, the differential calculus was used to
obtain some classes of ordinary differential equations (ODE)
for the probability density function, quantile function, survival
function, inverse survival function, hazard function and
reversed hazard function of the 3-parameter Weibull
distribution. The stated necessary conditions required for the
existence of the ODEs are consistent with the various
parameters that defined the distribution. Solutions of these
ODEs by using numerous available methods are a new ways of
understanding the nature of the probability functions that
characterize the distribution.


Objective: To examine the neuropsychological function characterized in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) at the same time controlling for relevant confounding factors. CFS is associated with symptoms of neuropsychological dysfunction. Objective measures of neuropsychological performance have yielded inconsistent results possibly due to sample selection bias, diagnostic heterogeneity, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and medication usage. Method: CFS subjects (n = 58) and well controls (n = 104) from a population-based sample were evaluated, using standardized symptom severity criteria. Subjects who had major psychiatric disorders or took medications known to influence cognition were excluded. Neuropsychological function was measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: Compared with controls, CFS subjects exhibited significant decreases in motor speed as measured in the simple and five-choice movement segments of the CANTAB reaction time task. CFS subjects also exhibited alterations in working memory as manifested by a less efficient search strategy on the spatial working memory task, fewer % correct responses on the spatial recognition task, and prolonged latency to a correct response on the pattern recognition task. A significantly higher percentage of CFS subjects versus controls exhibited evidence of neuropsychological impairment (defined by performance 1 standard deviation below the CANTAB normative mean) in tasks of motor speed and spatial working memory. Impairment in CFS subjects versus control subjects ranged from 20% versus 4.8% in five-choice movement time (p = .002) to 27.8% versus 10.6% in search strategy on the spatial working memory task (p = .006). Conclusions: These results confirm and quantify alterations in motor speed and working memory in CFS subjects independent of comorbid psychiatric disease and medication usage. CFS = chronic fatigue syndrome; MFI = Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; SDS = Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; WRAT-3 = Wide Range Achievement Test 3; CANTAB = Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; RTI = reaction time; RVIP = rapid visual information processing; SWM = spatial working memory; PRM = pattern recognition memory; SRM = spatial recognition memory; EDS = extra-dimensional shift; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; MANCOVA = multivariate analysis of covariance.


This paper discusses the ductility requirement for a typical bridge pier or bent subjected to extreme loads such as those from pulse-like near-fault ground motions. The ductility requirement as stated by prevailing design codes may not be valid for such structures in near-fault (less than 10 miles) zones. Due to dominance of the pulses, medium to long period structures are highly affected; often resulting in high residual or permanent deformations after the cessation of seismic ground motions. As per most design codes, the magnitude of displacements associated with P -Delta effects is required to be captured using non-linear time history analysis. The higher the value of the target displacement ductility demand or the P -Delta ratio, the larger is the magnitude of the residual displacements. Because permanent deformations in a bridge bent would lead to a higher eccentric loading from the superstructure, the bent would be subjected to higher secondary moments from it own design load. A suitable balance should therefore be made between ductility and residual displacements in the design of such structures using Performance-Based Seismic Design procedures.


Recent studies have shown that arsenic trioxide (Trisenox, ATO) can induce apoptosis in myeloma cells and overcomes anti-apoptotic effects of interleukin-6. Pre-clinical studies reported profound anti-myeloma effects when ATO, ascorbic acid (AA) and dexamethasone are combined. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in metabolic enzymes may influence susceptibility of a treatment and the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM).

We performed a multicenter phase II trial of ATO in patients with advanced MM. Patients with progressive disease following more than one line chemotherapy were included. The treatment regimen consists of four 28-days cycles. In 1st cycle, during 1st week: a loading-dose with ATO 0,25mg/kg IV, AA 1000mg IV and Dex 40mg orally on day 1–5. During 2nd and 3rd week: a maintenance-dose of twice weekly ATO 0,25mg/kg IV, AA 1000mg IV and Dex 20mg orally. During the 4th week no treatment is given. In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th cycle: a maintenance-dose of twice weekly ATO 0,25mg/kg IV, AA 1000mg IV and Dex 20mg orally in 1st, 2nd and 3rd week was administered followed by the 4th week as a rest period. Patients with a clinical response after the 4th cycle received two additional treatment cycles.

Preliminary results: The ongoing study currently has enrolled 20 pts, median age 63 yrs (range 42–76), who had received a median of 4 lines of prior treatments (range 1–6). There were 2 early deaths from pneumonia and gastro-intestinal bleeding. Fifteen patients were evaluable for response; PR in 2 pts, MR in 3 pts, SD in 3 pts and 7 pts had PD. Six patients died from progressive disease. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included fluid retention (3), thrombocytopenia (2), neutropenia (1), increased ALT (2), peripheral neuropathy (1), bacterial pneumonia (2). In addition to standard clinical observations we did an analysis for Genetic Single Nucleotide polymorphisms of relevant metabolic enzymes in order to assess the relevance for toxicity and effect of ATO. A polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme digestion for GSTP1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, MDR-1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 was performed. Responding patients vs non-responding patients showed the following wild-type(ww) / mutant (mm) / heterozygous (wm/mm) haplotype: GSTP1 1 / 2 / 1 vs 2 / 3 / 3; CYP3A4 1 / 0 / 3 vs 1 / 0 / 7; CYP3A5 0 / 4 / 0 vs 0 / 8 / 0; MDR1 0 / 3 / 1 vs 0 / 1 / 7 and deletion / normal genotype: GSTT1 1 / 3 vs 2/ 6; GSTM1 1 / 3 vs 4 / 4.

Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that the ATO-AA-Dex regimen shows efficacy, with limited toxicity in advanced MM patients. An extended genotype analysis will be performed to characterize the role of metabolic enzymes in the effect of this regimen.


Abstract : The results of a flight evaluation of a Stability Augmentation System (SAS) for light airplanes are reported and discussed. Twenty-six non-instrument rated private and commercial pilots, whose distribution by rating and flight hours was typical of those who are involved in IFR disorientation accidents, and five instrument rated commercial pilots were flown. Quantitative measures of the bank angle, airspeed, altitude and heading were recorded during a series of planned VFR and IFR tasks with the SAS ON and OFF. Qualitative data were obtained from the subject pilots by questionnaire and the recorded observations of the safety pilot. A statistical analysis was made of the differences in pilot performance during system ON and system OFF operation. It was shown that the stabilizing effects of SAS, although not sufficient in itself to prevent this type of accident, significantly improved the non-instrument rated pilot's ability to maintain control of the airplane during an inadvertent encounter with IFR conditions. (Author)


A novel polydopamine based redox-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles assembled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were prepared for the biomedical application to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) for cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection. The major components of the nanoparticles include SPIONs and the redox-sensitive polydopamine (rPDA) crosslinked copolymer, where N,N-Bis (acryloyl) cystamine served as cross-linker, dopamine methacrylamide and polyethylene glyco methyl ether methacrylate acted as comonomers. Here the rPDA@SPIONs were formed by the ligand exchange reaction of dopamine moiety with the oleic acid layer capped on the surface of SPIONs, and the inner area of the nanoparticles formed a reservoir for DOX, while the hydrophilic PEG moiety helped the nanoparticles well-dispersible in aqueous solution. The DOX-loaded rPDA@SPIONs demonstrated a high drug loading efficiency of 857 μ g DOX per mg iron, and a strong T 2 relaxivity of 123 mM -1 •S -1 for MRI. The drug release analysis of drug-loaded nanoparticles showed a sustained and high cumulative drug release in GSH up to 73% within 48 h, rather than the relatively low release rate of 37% in PBS (pH 7.4) without GSH. All the results showed that the designed magnetic nanoparticle may be a promising vehicle for anticancer drug delivery with stimuli-triggered drug release behavior, and also a foundation for building smart theranostic formulations for efficient detection through MRI.


In this paper,the mathematic model of SRG was discussed.Simulation of nonlinear model of SRG was established in Matlab/Simulink environment,and reflected generating characteristic of SRG with better result,so this model was really and excellent tool of assistant analysis for SRG.


Reply: In this work, we used ARMA model and Copula models to find out which model is best for capturing information between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon outflow at Farakka. Before arriving at the partioning of discharge data into two series of six months, we also attempted partioned series at different lags. Table below shows the performance of Copula when different series having varying lags are used.


Abstract Six antimony(III) heteroleptic derivatives of the type [(R)(R′)C = NO]2[where R= –C6H5, R′= –CH3 (A); R= –C6H4CH3, R′= –CH3 (B); R= –C6H4Cl, R′= –CH3 (C); R= –C6H4Br, R′= –CH3 (D); R= –C6H4OH, R′= –H (E); R(R′)C =  (F)] have been synthesized by the reactions of antimony trichloride with the sodium salt of substituted oximes and piperidine dithiocarbamate in 1:2:1 stoichiometry. These heteroleptic derivatives have been characterized by physico-chemical and elemental analyses (C, H, N, S and Sb). The tentative structures have been proposed on the basis of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral and LC-mass spectrometry. The oxime moiety behaves as a unidentate ligand whereas the dithiocarbamate moiety behaves in mono functional anisobidentate manner. Distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around antimony metal has been proposed for these derivatives. Powder XRD study revealed that derivative (A) has nano range particle size, which supports the crystalline nature of the derivative. These newly synthesized heteroleptic antimony(III) derivatives have been examined against the B. Subtilis (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) bacteria for antibacterial potential and two derivatives [(C6H5)(CH3)C = NO]2Sb[S2C] (A) and [(C6H4CH3)(CH3)C = NO]2Sb[S2C ] (B) were examined for their antioxidant activity. Structural-activity relationship for antibacterial potential amongst the six derivatives (A-F) was also explored. Graphical Abstract


The effective nucleon mass splits into two components, one for the proton and another for the neutron, in the case of adding the isovector coupling channel of the nuclear interaction, while being the same in the case of considering only the isoscalar coupling. A quantitative measure of the splitting is defined by the root mean square (RMS) value of the effective nucleon mass splitting and applied to the effective nucleon mass splitting in lead and tin isotopes. The isospin splitting of the effective nucleon mass is found to increase almost linearly with the asymmetry parameter.


In this 12-part series, we will explore the development of language and communication from birth to three-years-old – the most crucial stage – at a time when more two-year-olds are entering nurseries.


The excess molar volumes yE for binary liquid mixtures (n-alkoxyethanols + methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate) have been measured as a function of composition using a continuous dilution dilatometer at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the whole mole fraction range. The n-alkoxyethanols are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylenc glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The yE for each of the mixtures are negative with the exception of propyl acetate + ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and change sign for methyl acetate + ethyl acetate + ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethyl acetate + ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. For each case, the VE increases as the polar head group of the alkoxyethanol increases and decreases with increasing alkyl chain-length. The excess partial molar volumeVf of the components are evaluated from the yE results. The results are. discussed on the basis of molecular interaction present in alkoxyethanol-alkyl acetate mixtures.


Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. Cinnamon is the ever green tree of tropical area, a member of family Lauraceae, has been used in day to day routine as a spice. Literature review on cinnamon revealed that it mainly contains essential oils and important compounds like Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid and cinnamate. It has got good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, memory enhancer and many other activities. The present review attempts to encompass the up-to-date comprehensive literature analysis on Cinnamon with respect to its Phytochemistry and its various pharmacological activities.


This work introduces cationic ring opening polymerization of polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) produced under various reaction conditions (set temperature: −10 to 40°C, [C]/[I] ratio: 0.1–1, monomer feed rate: 1–4 mL/min). In addition, a correlation between the exothermic reaction temperature and the performance of the PECH was obtained by utilizing a reaction temperature monitoring system, GPC, 1H-NMR, and FTIR. During the polymerization, an induction period which affects the polydispersity was observed below 10°C. At lower temperatures and lower [C]/[I] ratios, a higher induction period was observed. The monomer feed rate did not affect the induction period but it highly affected the polydispersity when the induction period occurred. The total molecular weight of PECH increased with decreasing set temperature even though the amount of low molecular weight cyclic oligomer increased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39912.


Major water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from the cell wall of Cladosporium trichoides by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column fractionation is a heteroglycan, [α]20D+50°(c=1, H2O), which is composed of D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and small amount of L-rhamnose (1.4 : 1.4 : 1.0 : 1.0). The results of periodate oxidation, Smith-type degradation, methylation, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry spectra show that the polysaccharide has branched structure and contains 1, 2-, and 1, 2, 6-linked galacto-furanosyl, 1, 3, 6-linked mannopyranosyl, and a small amount of 1, 4-linked glucopyranosyl residues as the main units. The terminal residues are glucopyranosyl and mannopyranosyl residues.


Use of a Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamine and l-tryptophan methyl ester and subsequent reduction of the nitro group followed by further cyclocondensation with aryl aldehydes and formyl–substituted carboxylic acids, including ferrocene-based components, furnished a series of diastereomeric 6-aryl-substituted 5,6,8,9,14,14b-hexahydroindolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1-c]-quinazolines and 5,5b,17,18-tetrahydroindolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1,2-c]isoindolo[2,1-a]quinazolin-11-(15bH)-ones with the elements of central-, planar and conformational chirality. The relative configuration and the conformations of the novel polycyclic indole derivatives were determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR methods supplemented by comparative DFT analysis of the possible diastereomers. The structure of one of the pentacyclic methyl esters with defined absolute configuration "S" was also confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. Accounting for the characteristic substituent-dependent diastereoselective formation of the products multistep mechanisms were proposed on the basis of the results of DFT modeling. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxic assays of the products revealed moderate-to-significant antiproliferative effects against PANC-1-, COLO-205-, A-2058 and EBC-1 cell lines that proved to be highly dependent on the stereostructure and on the substitution pattern of the pending aryl substituent.


~: The widespread use of nuclear models continues in Ihe creation of data evaluations. The reasons include exte~ion of data evaluations IO higher energies, creation of data libraries for isoropic components of narura.i marerials, and production of evaluations for mdioactive trrget species. In these cases, ex~rirnental dam am often sparse or nonex- istem. As LIti trend continues, the nuclear mmlels employed in evaluation work move ro-warcts more microscopictiy-based theoretical methods, prompted in part by the availabil- ity of increasingly powerfuJ carnputational resources. Advances m nuclear models applicable to evaluation wW be reviewed. 'fhese include advances in optical model heo~, microscopic and phenomenological slate and level density theory, unikd modch that consisterrdy describe W equilibrium and nonequilibrium reaction mechanisms, and improved methodologies for calculation of prompt radiation from fsssion. gamma-ray of gamma-ray strength models these data, This paper has reviewed the application of nuclear models in current evaluation efforts, Selected examples were given for principal modeis and their components. Significant progress continues in model development that is directly translated into improved calculations for data libraries. This trend will continue into the future and is driven by factors such as increased computat.aonai capabilities and expanded requirements for evaluated data fdes. Model irn- provernmt will also occur with genmd trends being direct use of more microscopic models speci.tlcslly in data evalua- tion and/or usc of microscopic treatments to guide phe- riornenologydeveloped for application uses.


Abstract : Preliminary results are reported for time-resolved Langmuir probe measurements made in a striating neon discharge. The presence of large amplitude moving striations of frequencies of a few kHz required the use of a recently developed sample-and-hold diagnostic system for analysis. This system allows one to obtain digital probe current data with an accuracy greater than 0.3% and compatible with computer reduction. Numerical analysis of the data provides the second-derivative and also determines the electron energy distribution, having identified space potential from the second derivative. The measurements show that the distribution is non-Maxwellian; in particular, preceeding the peak of the light intensity fluctuation, there exists a high energy group of electrons. The relaxation of this group through the phase of the striation is demonstrated and examples of the dependence on other discharge parameters are given. Measurements were made for two wave types distinguished by their products E lambda where E is the longitudinal electric field and lambda the wavelength of the striation. (Author)


Non-coherent energy detection receiver is an attractive solution for impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) systems due to the low implementation complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel weighted non-coherent energy detection receiver for on-off keying (OOK) UWB systems in multi-path environment. The performance of this receiver is improved by weighting the subinterval integrator output with a function related to the channel energy delay profile. Signal subintervals with larger energy contributions are given larger weights, thus improving the receive signal-to-noise (SNR). The error probability of proposed receiver is analyzed, and its superiority over the conventional one is examined by numerical results using IEEE 802.15.4a channel model.


Inductive and sequential transformation of gastric cancer has been an excellent model for experimental search on genetic alterations and marker definitions. The development of gastric cancer is unique wherein several etiological agents, either alone or in conjunction feed into few common prognostic pathways whose manifestations can be histologically staged or verified. Ninety percent of gastric cancer is sporadic involving nongenomic factors such as chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori and food habits, especially the intake of high-salt diets that, in common, initiates a chronic inflammation response. A link between the chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation can be serially investigated in gastric cancers, and definitive boundaries can be laid between the reversible and nonreversible changes in the protoplasmic properties of the inducted cells. Intestinal metaplasia has long been considered as the intermediate stage, progression beyond which irreversibly commits the cells for neoplastic transformation. Several molecular biomarkers have been considered for defining the early diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer with much emphasis on mucins (MUCs) and its epitopes. In this chapter we will review the molecular shifts in the expression of biomarkers, including the evaluation of MUC2, during the progression of gastric cancer with emphasis on methodology and molecular basics for diagnosis.


This chapter focuses on the PPD's decision-making logic when it surprised many by enacting a controversial law. They did this with clear knowledge that their party could suffer in the following elections. The decision in 1991 to support unilingualism seems to violate fundamental assumptions of rational behavior by political parties. Vote maximization, developed by Anthony Downs, is one of the foremost assumptions in the study of political parties and the PPD's actions prior to the 1990s illustrate that it complied with these expectations. Indeed, the PPD leadership sidelined attempts to repeal the 1902 official bilingualism law precisely because their opponents would accuse them of moving towards independence – an electorally unpopular stance. The party's decision to move ahead with proposal calls into question the applicability of rational choice models to Puerto Rico.


In this paper, the authors introduced a novel method for the fabrication of microdevices on freestanding Si3N4 thin-film windows with a single-side mask aligner. A thin-film microdevice located on the front surface of such a freestanding window was demonstrated, where the backside of Si wafer was performed with KOH wet etching. The results showed that an alignment error could be controlled in condition less than 20 μm. By using the freestanding device, a weak change in local temperature under an e-beam in a scanning electron microscope (FEI QUANTA 600F) was detected with better sensitivity.


As the digital workplace becomes more prevalent, organizations are faced with the challenge of balancing security and information management. On one hand, there is a need to protect sensitive data and prevent cyberattacks, while on the other hand, organizations must enable employees to collaborate and share information effectively. Machine learning (ML) is a promising technology that can help organizations address this challenge. By analyzing data patterns and identifying potential security threats, ML algorithms can enhance security measures and mitigate risks. At the same time, ML can also facilitate information management by automating routine tasks and improving the accuracy of data analysis. In this paper, we explore the role of ML in balancing security and information management in the digital workplace. We propose a hybrid ML model that integrates autoencoder and convolutional subnetworks in unified architecture to help capturing and security threats in the digital workplace, without compromising the information management tasks. We also present a case study of a real-world implementation of ML in a digital workplace setting, highlighting the benefits and limitations of this approach. Our findings suggest that ML can be a valuable tool for achieving a balance between security and information management in the digital workplace, but its successful implementation requires careful consideration of organizational context and stakeholder needs.


This research aims to test the impact of Company Age, Audit Quality, Leverage and Profitability on Earnings management on Indonesian Stock Exchange-listed Retail and Wholesale Trading Companies for the years 2016-2020. The study used data obtained from financial statements. The trade sector, which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, is the focus population for this study. The sample selection technique used is purposive sampling with several criteria that have been determined, the sample data obtained by 18 companies with the period 2016-2020. SPSS version 25 was utilized for data analysis, and the traditional assumption test of heteroskedasticity multicollinierity, normality test, correlation and determination coefficient test, simultaneous test, and partial test were used. This research showed that company age had a significant positive impact on earnings management, audit quality had a significant negative impact on earnings management, leverage had no significant impact on earnings management and profitability had a positive impact on earnings management.


The original paper by M. P. van der Heijden et al. (see ibid., vol.39, no.10, p.1727-36, Oct. 2004) describes an interesting configuration of a cascode amplifier for LNA applications. However, the authors point out that there are some errors in the derivations, which can lead to a wrong result in the admittance neutralizing procedure.


In many industrial processes, viscosity is an important parameter to the quality of products. Nowadays viscometers are not fit for both noninvasive and online measuring requirements , although they can acquire very accurate data. In this paper, the technique of electromagnetic tomography has been added to a traditional electromagnetic flowmeter . Based on the method of Newtonian fluids and nonNewtonian fluids without yield stress, the author put forward a further method to measure the viscosity of nonNewtonian fluids with yield stress online and noninvasive. Through many simulating researches and error analysis, the method was proved to be effective.


Massachusetts streams and stream basins have been subjected to a wide variety of human alterations since colonial times. These alterations include water withdrawals, treated wastewater discharges, construction of onsite septic systems and dams, forest clearing, and urbanization—all of which have the potential to affect streamflow regimes, water quality, and habitat integrity for fish and other aquatic biota. Indicators were developed to characterize these types of potential alteration for subbasins and groundwater contributing areas in Massachusetts. The potential alteration of streamflow by the combined effects of withdrawals and discharges was assessed under two water-use scenarios. Water-use scenario 1 incorporated publicly reported groundwater withdrawals and discharges, direct withdrawals from and discharges to streams, and estimated domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges. Surface-water-reservoir withdrawals were excluded from this scenario. Water-use scenario 2 incorporated all the types of withdrawal and discharge included in scenario 1 as well as withdrawals from surface-water reservoirs—all on a long-term, mean annual basis. All withdrawal and discharge data were previously reported to the State for the 2000–2004 period, except domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges, which were estimated for this study. The majority of the state's subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have relatively minor (less than 10 percent) alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 1 (seasonally varying water use; no surface-waterreservoir withdrawals). However, about 12 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have extensive alteration of streamflows (greater than 40 percent) in August; most of these basins were concentrated in the outer metropolitan Boston region. Potential surcharging of streamflow in August was most commonly indicated for main-stem river subbasins, although surcharging was also indicated for some smaller tributary subbasins. In the high-flow month of April, only 4.8 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas had more than 10 percent potential flow alteration. A majority of the state's subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were also indicated to have relatively minor alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 2 (long-term average water use, including surfacewater-reservoir withdrawals). Extensive alteration of mean annual flows was estimated for about 6 percent of the state's subbasins and groundwater contributing areas. The majority of subbasins estimated to have extensive long-term flow alteration contained reservoirs that were specifically designed, constructed, and managed to supply drinking water to cities. Only a small number of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas (1 percent) were extensively surcharged on a longterm, mean annual basis. Because site-specific data concerning surface-water-reservoir storage dynamics and management practices are not available statewide, the seasonal effects of surface-water-reservoir withdrawals on downstream flows could not be assessed in this study. The impounded storage ratio (volume of impounded subbasin or groundwater-contributing-area storage divided by mean annual predevelopment outflow from the subbasin or contributing area, in units of days) indicates the potential for alteration of streamflow, sediment-transport, and temperature regimes by dams, independent of water use. Storage ratios were less than 1 day for 33 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas, greater than 1 month for about 40 percent of the cases, and greater than 1 year for 3.2 percent of the cases statewide. Dam density, an indicator of streamhabitat fragmentation by dams, averaged 1 dam for every 6.7 stream miles statewide. Many of these dams are not presently (2009) being managed. The highest dam densities were in portions of Worcester County and in the PlymouthCarver region, respectively, reflecting the historical reliance of Massachusetts industry upon water power and agricultural water-management practices in southeastern Massachusetts. Impervious cover is a frequently used indicator of urban land use. About 33 percent of the state's 1,429 subbasins and groundwater contributing areas are relatively undeveloped at the local scale, with a local impervious cover of less than 4 percent. About 18 percent of Massachusetts subbasins and contributing areas are highly developed, with a local impervious cover greater than 16 percent. The remaining 49 percent of subbasins and contributing areas have levels of 2 Indicators of Streamflow Alteration, Habitat Fragmentation, Impervious Cover, and Water Quality for Massachusetts urban development between these extremes (4 to 16 percent local impervious cover). Cumulative impervious cover, defined for the entire upstream area encompassed by each subbasin, shows a smaller range (0 to 55 percent) than local impervious cover. Both local and cumulative impervious cover were highest in metropolitan Boston and other urban centers. High elevated impervious-cover values were also found along major transportation corridors. The water-quality status of Massachusetts streams is assessed periodically by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act. Streams selected for assessment are commonly located in larger subbasins where some degree of impairment is expected. In the 72 percent of the state's subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams in 2002, more than 50 percent of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired. All of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired in 66 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams. Large streams, such as the main stems of rivers that make up most of the assessed stream miles, also are in many cases the receiving waters for treated wastewater discharges and for this reason may be more susceptible to water-quality impairments than smaller streams. Subbasins and contributing areas with large fractions of assessed stream miles that are listed as impaired are distributed across the state, but are more prevalent in eastern Massachusetts. Introduction Humans interact with streams and stream basins in a wide variety of ways. Such interactions include the withdrawal, discharge, and interbasin transfer of water and wastewater, dam construction and operation, stream channelization, urbanization and other types of land-cover change, and anthropogenic climate change (Vörösmarty and Sahagian, 2000; Milly and others, 2005; Walsh and others, 2005; Weiskel and others, 2007). Over time, human interactions with stream basins may alter streamflow regimes, water quality, and the integrity of aquatic habitats, affecting the availability of freshwater for human and ecosystem needs. In Massachusetts, concern has grown in recent years about all forms of basin alteration, the potential effects of basin alteration on water availability and aquatic habitat, and the need for improved indicators of basin alteration. In 2001, the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission (MWRC) developed an interim "stressed basin" classification, in order to "flag areas [in which proposed development projects] may require a more comprehensive and detailed review of environmental impacts or require additional mitigation" (Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, 2001). The stressed-basin classification was based on an analysis of electronically available streamflow data from 72 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages in the state with more than 25 years of daily record. Three flow statistics—median annual 7-day low flow, median annual 30-day low flow, and the median annual low-flow pulse duration—were compiled for each gaging station and normalized to the basin drainage area at each station.1 The gaged basins were then ranked according to the magnitude of each statistic. A stress level was assigned to each gaged basin according to the relative ranking of the basin with respect to the three low-flow statistics. The 2001 Massachusetts stress classification was based entirely on streamflow data from gaged sites, because these were the only relevant data that were available statewide in electronic form at the time of the analysis. This approach imposed several limitations on the 2001 stress designations; these limitations were noted in the MWRC report (Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, 2001). First, the relative contributions of seasonal climate variation, natural basin characteristics, and human factors to streamflow variability could not be distinguished. Second, levels of flow alteration in ungaged basins could not be assessed. Finally, the 2001 report noted the importance of biological, water-quality, and land-cover indicators of basin alteration, but provided no information concerning these factors. Since 2001, data sets and computer tools have become available that allow several of these limitations to be addressed. For example, the USGS, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (MDCR), defined a set of 61 least altered or index streamgages across southern New England (Armstrong and others, 2008). This set of index stations defined the range of natural streamflow regimes in Massachusetts and informed the development of an index-streamflow guidance document (Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, 2008). In addition, the USGS, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP), recently developed a computer application for estimating both natural and water-useaffected daily streamflows at ungaged sites, facilitating statewide analysis of water use in relation to availability (Archfield and others, 2010). As part of this effort, a database of annually reported withdrawal information for public-watersupply sources an


A thin, flat closure for plastic bags and of the type having at one edge a V-shaped notch (12) which communicates at its base with a gripping aperture (14). The base (10) of the closure is made of a flexible material so that it can be repeatedly bent, without fracturing, along an axis aligned with said notch and aperture. In addition, upon one or both sides of the closure is laminated a layer of paper (20). The axis may contain one or two grooves (18) or a through-hole (26), either of which acts as a hinge to facilitate bending.


Copyright held by the owner/author(s). CHI'20,, April 25–30, 2020, Honolulu, HI, USA ACM 978-1-4503-6819-3/20/04. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.XXXXXXX Abstract Research in interpretable machine learning proposes different approaches to evaluate model explanations. Our work contributes to evaluating the human interpretability of machine learning explanations. We present an evaluation benchmark for instance explanations from text and image classifiers. We create our benchmark using multi-level human attention heatmaps drawn from multiple human annotators. We review the benchmark, demonstrate its utility for quantitative evaluation of model explanations, and discuss the future work for this research.


The diagnosis of the nutrient elements in the process of digital image processing is an important application of the tech-nology of digital image processing. This design is based on Android platform, the system mainly includes the processing of the im-age, image preprocessing and fault diagnosis, and the diagnostic results and the push scheme, including the gray image, the imagethreshold segmentation and the model based on the color RGB model. The image analysis and processing of the color information oframie leaves can be used to make a scientific analysis on the basis of non- destructive ramie leaves.


This paper presents a new single-input single-output (SISO) type voltage mode filter configuration that employ single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) and four admittances. The proposed configuration is capable of realizing second order low pass filter (LPF), high pass filter (HPF) and band pass filter (BPF) using different choices of branch admittances. The proposed filter responses have been verified through PSPICE simulations using CMOS OTRA implemented in 0.18μm TSMC technology and also validated using MATLAB evaluations.


We present a critique of language-based modelling for text input research, and propose an alternative inputbased approach. Current language-based statistical models are derived from large samples of text (corpora). However, this text reflects only the output, or final result, of the text input task. We argue that this weakens the utility of the model, because, (1) users' language is typically quite different from that in any corpus; punctuation symbols, acronyms, slang, etc. are frequently used. (2) A corpus does not reflect the editing process used in its creation. (3) No existing corpus captures the input modalities of text input devices. Actions associated with keys such as Shift, Alt, and Ctrl are missing. We present a study to validate our arguments. Keystroke data from four subjects were collected over a one-month period. Results are presented that support the need for input-based language modelling for text input.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of mobile technologies to develop new ways of Libraries and Information Centre. Mobile devices help to connect with patrons. Creating a library application ("app") or mobile Web site that allows patrons to access library hours, view their library account or even search databases is easier than most people think. The resources below should help libraries begin to plan and implement their own unique mobile presence: analyzing the present usage of mobile devices; providing an overview of devices, providers and features; describing the various activities these devices support for well library use; focusing how libraries and our librarians are responding with services tailored for these devices; and what can be done by libraries in future in this respect". Design/methodology/approach – Information and Communications Technology continues to expand the boundaries of higher education into the "anytime/anywhere" experiences. Mobile communication is transfo...


Extracorporeal Irradiation and Reimplantation (EIR) of tumor bearing bone segments is an alternative reconstruction method for major osseous resections. In contrast with endoprosthetic reconstruction, EIR is a biologic solution and after a prolonged healing and remodeling period it is expected to create a structural and metabolic almost normal bone. After oncologic resection the bone segment is cleaned from adhered soft tissues and send to irradiation which kills malignant and normal cells. Reimplantation consists of fixation, mostly by plates, vascularised fibular graft insertion in the medullary canal, iliac bone graft in critical sites and ligamentous sutures. Since 2001 fifteen patients were submitted to EIR in our institution. Resections affected seven distal femurs, four proximal tibias, one acetabulum, one iliac bone and the proximal forehand bones once which bear 11 osteosarcomas, 2 Ewing's sarcomas, 1 chondrosarcoma and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. There were six males and nine females with age ranging from five to 55 years. Ten patients were submitted to osteoarticular reconstructions, three to intercalary and two to partial pelvis reconstructions. Local recurrence leading to amputation occurred in one patient and resection of an infected innominate bone occurred once. Three patients died two to nine months after surgery because of their disease. Five patients had metaphyseal fractures after one to 14 months after surgery. Four patients had no fracture; three of them had intercalary resections. The patient with osteoarticular resection and no fracture had his metaphyseal region injected with cement which prevented fracture and after 23 months have not developed osteoarthritis. All the cases in which a vascularised fibular graft was implanted progressive fusion of the living and dead bones were observed. As a conclusion EIR is a good alternative for intercalary resections. For osteoarticular resections improvement of the method are necessary to prevent fracture and ligamentous laxity.


Oral cancers (OC) represent the majority of head and neck cancers with more than half million patients being affected each year worldwide. 1 Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the sixth commonest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 4% of all cancers. SCC of the oral cavity may comprise up to 50% of all cancers in developing and underdeveloped countries, and its prognosis is poor. 2 Therefore, an improvement in the prevention and control of oral cancer is of critical importance. This may be achieved by reducing the risk through avoidance of tobacco and alcohol, recognizing and treating premalignant lesions and detecting developed OC at an early stage. 3


On the basis of the computed results got by the Gaussian 94 package at B3LYP/6-311++G** level,the reaction mechanism of CH3O radical with CO has been investiagted thoroughly via the vibrational model analysis ,And the relationships among the reactants,eight transition states,four intermediates and various products involved this multichannel reation are eluci-dated,The vibrational mode anaysis shows that the reaction mechanism is relialbe.


This thesis contributes to on-going research at Marshall University on effects of excess nitrogen (N) deposition on hardwood forests. Excess N can decrease plant biodiversity and enhance loss of nutrients (e.g., Ca++). Preliminary results have suggested that excess N has increased cover of Rubus (blackberry) in the herbaceous layer. The purpose of this study was to quantify the response of Rubus to the N treatment, relating Rubus cover to species richness and using foliar analysis to examine effects on nutrient availability. It is expected that increased Rubus will decrease biodiversity by eliminating N-efficient species, and that added N will simultaneously increase foliar N and decrease foliar cations. Species richness decreased significantly with Nmediated increases in Rubus cover. Foliar tissue contained higher N and lower Ca++ from added N, suggesting loss via leaching with NO3. Observed increases of Rubus cover under a closed canopy is novel, considering its intolerance of shade


In frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH-SS) communication, the ability of the frequency synthesizer is required to switch the carrier frequency quickly. But, if a conventional PLL is used as a component of the synthesizer, high speed frequency switching is not expected because of the time constant of PLL. The authors propose new type synthesizer independent on above time constant, and describe the experimental results.<<ETX>>


ANCIENT MONUMENTS SOCIETY, Transactions, u.s., 14, 1966-7:—Regency Brighton, by A. Dale. Ancient Pictish monuments in Angus and Perthshire, by L. M. Angus-Butterworth. Lowther Village and Robert Adam, by R. W. Brunskill. 15, 1967-8:—The donjon at Pembroke Castle, by D. F. Renn. Vitruvius and acoustic jars in England during the Middle Ages, by K. Harrison. Capel Ffynnon Fair: the chapel of St. Mary's well, near Cefn, Denbighshire, by C. F. Wright. Highcliffe Castle, near Christchurch, Hampshire, by J. H. Powell.


Objective To 1earn bone marrow morphocytology in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients with peripheral cytopenia.Methods The smears of bone marrow aspirates obtained from 34 SLE patients who had bone marrow aspiration due to peripheral cytopenia(WBC4×109/L,or Hb100 g/L,or platelet count100×109/L)were examined retrospectively.And the smears of the bone marrow aspirates obtained from 14 healthy controls,18 patients with MDS(refractory anemia),and 26 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)were inserted randomly among those obtained from the SLE patients.Results Of the 34 SLE patients,24(70.6%)had dysplasias,including:erythroid cell multinuclearity(trinuclear or more)10(29.4%),megaloblastoid changes 8(23.5%),pseudo Pelger-Huet abnormalities 12(35.3%),separated nuclear megakaryocytes 8(23.5%),and micromegakaryocytes 10(29.4%).Conclusion This study found that bone marrow dysplasia can be observed in all lineage cells of SLE patients,We conclude that the bone marrow may be a target organ in SLE with cytopenia.


The use of wind energy as a resource for electrical generation has been increasing, also the technologies used to develop profitable and efficient designs. For low powers, the axial flow permanent magnet (AFPM) generator is widely used for its simplicity of design, construction, low cost, and sufficient generation at low speeds. In this project, a single-phase (AFPM) generator was designed and develop to for characterization tests. The method started with the availability of the wind resource, a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), the magnetic characteristics of the PMs with finite elements simulations studies, the geometry of the generator and other design characteristics. In the characterization stage, tests were carried out without load and with load to observe the behavior of voltage and current as a function of the speed. Finally, the design is verified by acceptable results for small-scale generation and the possibility of alternatives on the design.


The purpose of this study was to measure the fetal subarachnoid spaces at different sites of the brain using magnetic resonance (MR) images and analyze them in relation to gestational age.


The postpartum period is a critical time to address high unmet family planning need and to reduce the risks of closely spaced pregnancies. Practical tools are included in the new resource for integrating postpartum family planning at points when women have frequent health system contact, including during antenatal care, labor and delivery, postnatal care, immunization, and child health care. The postpartum period is a critical time to address high unmet family planning need and to reduce the risks of closely spaced pregnancies. Practical tools are included in the new resource for integrating postpartum family planning at points when women have frequent health system contact, including during antenatal care, labor and delivery, postnatal care, immunization, and child health care.


Nowadays an increasing number of people spend a lot of their time in indoor spaces and the global market for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is increasing very quickly to improve the indoor air quality and the thermal comfort. The International Energy Agency assesses that almost the 20% of global energy consumption is addressed to mechanical air conditioning. The use of local resources and the rediscovery opportunities given by passive cooing and ventilation systems may suggest interesting ways to provide benefits for humans and to reduce environmental footprint. The paper focuses on the application of wind-catcher system in a modern public school in the city of Yazd (Iran), in a hot and arid climate zone. Opportunities and benefits are discussed to evaluate the efficiency of the redesign of the traditional wind-catcher and its integration in new modern buildings.


Convective gain and absolute growth of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) are determined for a hot inhomogeneous collisional plasma using an integrated global model that includes the effects of wave propagation and both collisional and Landau damping in a density ramp. This unifies the time asymptotic theory of SRS occurring near the quarter‐critical density of the laser light and that occurring at lower densities. The level of collisions has a striking effect on the convective behavior of the instability. When collisions are weak, no significant regime of convective gain exists. In consequence, absolute resonances are very sensitive and susceptible to detuning, particularly so near the quarter‐critical density. This is shown to be a key factor in understanding the Raman ''gap'' seen in experiments. No such gap appears in highly collisional regimes in which the absolute resonances are insensitive and significant convective gain occurs over the whole range of wavelengths.


Article history: Received 19 April 2019 Received in revised form 27 May 2017 Accepted 21 June 2019 Available online 19 July 2019 The purpose of this research is to explore the idea that women are exploited by gender discrimination and economic oppression by applying Marxist Feminist theory to the fictional works of Afro-American novelist, Toni Morison. According to the Marxist Feminist ideology the major reason of women subjugation is the lack of opportunities for them to earn and own properties and sources of production. Men subjugate women in all shades of life. In the present scenario, woman is a slave without salary in shape of mother, daughter, sister and wife. The research intends to be conducted on Toni Morrison's, novels, "The Bluest Eye" and "Beloved". The conservative Afro-American society does not allow their women to take active part in the society by getting higher education and by starting professional career. Karl Marx theories about society, economics and politics are collectively known as Marxism. Marxist Feminism focuses on the investigation and explanation of the ways in which women are oppressed through system of capitalism and patriarchy. According to Marxist Feminism, women's liberation can only be achieved through a radical restructuring of the current capitalist system, in which much of women's labor is uncompensated. The study will further examine the idea that patriarchy and capitalism are the main reasons behind all the suffering of Afro-American women. In most novels, Morrison follows Engel's stance that economic instability and patriarchy are major causes of women's oppression. Morrison suggests that women can enjoy the blessings of life by having equal opportunities of growth. Abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. References and non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided in the abstract. The number of words should not exceed 350.


The exchange of residues 67 and 205 of the S2 pocket of human cysteine cathepsins K and L induces a permutation of their substrate specificity toward fluorogenic peptide substrates. While the cathepsin L‐like cathepsin K (Tyr67Leu/Leu205Ala) mutant has a marked preference for Phe, the Leu67Tyr/Ala205Leu cathepsin L variant shows an effective cathepsin K‐like preference for Leu and Pro. A similar turnaround of inhibition was observed by using specific inhibitors of cathepsin K [1‐(N‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐leucyl)‐5‐(N‐Boc‐phenylalanyl‐leucyl)carbohydrazide] and cathepsin L [N‐(4‐biphenylacetyl)‐S‐methylcysteine‐(D)‐Arg‐Phe‐β‐phenethylamide]. Molecular modeling studies indicated that mutations alter the character of both S2 and S3 subsites, while docking calculations were consistent with kinetics data. The cathepsin K‐like cathepsin L was unable to mimic the collagen‐degrading activity of cathepsin K against collagens I and II, DQ‐collagens I and IV, and elastin‐Congo Red. In summary, double mutations of the S2 pocket of cathepsins K (Y67L/L205A) and L (L67Y/A205L) induce a switch of their enzymatic specificity toward small selective inhibitors and peptidyl substrates, confirming the key role of residues 67 and 205. However, mutations in the S2 subsite pocket of cathepsin L alone without engineering of binding sites to chondroitin sulfate are not sufficient to generate a cathepsin K‐like collagenase, emphasizing the pivotal role of the complex formation between glycosaminoglycans and cathepsin K for its unique collagenolytic activity.


In wireless networks signal's security from noise has been a very challenging issue, primarily because of the broadcast nature of communication. This paper focuses on digitized Quaternion Modulation (QM) which gives better performance as compared to QPSK, QAM and QFSK. We compare the performance of quaternion modulation with other modulation schemes in terms of BER using idealistic Additive White Gaussian Noise AWGN channel. This scheme can be used in applications such as Global Positioning System (GPS), satellite and space communication system to reduce errors. The simulation results show superior performance of the proposed digitized Quaternion Modulation over its counterparts. Thus one may trade off bandwidth for BER.


Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of supply chain risk factors on the price of petroleum products among Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) in Kenya with a view of making recommendations on mitigating supply chain risk factors.
Methodology: This research study adopted  both descriptive and inferential statistics where data collected from 159 respondents using questionnaires is analysed and fitted into multiple regression model. The qualitative data generated was analysed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.Structured and semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered was analyzed by the help of Ms Excel and SPSS version 22, while output was presented inform of frequency tables and charts.

Results and conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that supply chain risk factors i.e. that transportation and delivery, inbound cost fluctuations and geo-politics have a positive relationship with price of petroleum products among Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs). However, the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.6.) revealed that only 60% of variations in the price of petroleum product could be attributed to the supply chain risk factors under investigation. The remaining 40% is attributed to other variables that were not examined in this study. In Conclusion, the price of petroleum products among oil marketing companies can be influenced by transportation and delivery, inbound cost fluctuations and geo-politics
Policy recommendation: Finally, the study recommended that Oil marketing companies to develop sophisticated supply chain risk management systems in order become less vulnerable to shocks and disruptions; and reduce exposure.


The main purpose of the study is to explore the Trends of the Selections of recent three years by taking Teachers and Students ,who were local songs Chorus Group of Final Competition in the 2007 school year to 2009 school year as examples. In order to reach the purpose, the researcher used Literature and Song content Analysis selected 10 songs,the ratio of the using selection is more than 4 times (including 4 times), from 204 elective songs included Fuk Lo, Hakka and aboriginal songs to explore the characteristics of songs and the usual syntax of arranger. For the reference to instructors, local ballads composers. The conclusion were stated as the followings: 1.The trend of elementary local song competition elective song in 2007 to 2009 school year (1) The most type of Fuk Lo choral lyrics is interest , accounting for 47.06%.The most source of the song is new creation, accounting for 57.65%.「a fried rice」was the most selection for fourteen times. (2) The most type of Hakka choral lyrics is interest , accounting for 31.03%.The most source of the song is new creation, accounting for 70.69%.「The characters of Hakka」and was 「Under the tree」 were the most selection for each six times. (3)The most type of aboriginal languages choral lyrics is worship, accounting for 29.51% . The most source of the song is rearranging traditional songs, accounting for 88.52%. The worship class up to new music and 88.52%.「Harvest Festival」and 「Naruwan Song」 were the most selection for each four times. 2. The ten most commonly chosen type of choral lyrics were interest and family. The type of Interest is accounted for 40%, and the type of family is accounted for 20%. The source of the ten songs include four new creation and six rearranged traditional songs.


There are striking similarities in the political ideology of Machiavelli and Han Fei although they lived in different times,countries and cultures.The Prince is the masterpiece of Machiavelli and Han Fei Zi is that of Hanfei.The two are similar in the aspects of the doctrine of evil human nature,strength,ruling trickery and so on.Meanwhile,there are differences between them because of their different historical background and different class interests they represented respectively.


.  It has traditionally been assumed that French is a non-null-object language on a par with English. Yet the analysis of adult French corpora has shown the consistent occurrence of referential null objects in speech and writing. These constructions, although clearly marked, put into question a major premise of syntactic analyses of object-clitic constructions—namely, that sentences referring to a specific, referential object but lacking both a clitic and a postverbal object are necessarily ungrammatical. The goal of this paper is to present a revised analysis of object-clitic constructions that is capable of integrating referential null objects. It is proposed that the zero morpheme constitutes the default realization of the accusative clitic head and is inserted if this head is underspecified for Case. The analysis extends naturally to account for predicate le, as well as to errors observed in child language development, in particular the overuse of masculine singular le as well as object (-clitic) omission. It is proposed that the syntactic representation underlying clitic drop in child and adult French is identical, yet child and adult French differ with regard to the reason for the underspecification of the clitic head.


Background/Purpose: Both public interest in and publication of music intervention studies are increasing, with more than 1,000 articles published in healthcare journals over the last twenty years. Concomitant with this growth are concerns about inadequate intervention descriptions and inconsistent terminology in published research which limits cross-study comparisons, interdisciplinary communication, and integration of findings into practice. Purposes of this systematic review were to summarize and describe music intervention reporting in published research for patients with chronic or acute medical conditions including intervention content, outcomes of interest, interventionist qualifications, and terminology used to label and describe interventions. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework: Our review is based on published Reporting Guidelines for Musicbased Interventions which specifies 7 areas of reporting: theory, content, delivery schedule, interventionist, treatment fidelity, setting, and unit of delivery. Method: We identified experimental music intervention studies for patients with chronic/acute medical conditions, published 2010 2014, using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Our initial search identified 620 articles, with 133 retained based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Five nurse/music therapy student dyads reviewed full articles and abstracted data for analysis. Faculty mentors conducted interrater reliability checks and resolved data extraction discrepancies through discussion/consensus. This interdisciplinary approach provided a rich context for exploring how intervention descriptions/terminology may be interpreted and understood differently based on background and discipline-specific training. Results: Data are summarized based on Reporting Guidelines for Music-based interventions. Areas poorly reported: 1) intervention theory (i.e., mechanisms of action), 2) references for sound recordings/musical arrangements, 3) decibel level/sound controls, 4) interventionist qualifications and training. Two hundred music terms were cited (84 terms defined; 116 terms not defined), and often misapplied. Conclusions: Improved reporting will allow better cross-study comparisons, replication, and translation to practice. Additionally, standardization of music intervention terminology will improve interdisciplinary communication, delineation of music interventions across disciplines, and implementation.


ABSTRACT The interaction between surface water and groundwater in clay-rich fluvial environments can be complex and is generally poorly understood. Airborne electromagnetic surveys are often used for characterizing regional groundwater systems, but they are constrained by the resolution of the method. A resistivity imaging survey has been carried out in the Macquarie Marshes (New South Wales, Australia) in combination with water chemical sampling. The results have enabled the identification of buried palaeochannels and the location of potential recharge points. The data have been compared with previously published airborne electromagnetic data in the same area. Deeper less conductive features suggest that there is a potential connection between the Great Artesian Basin and groundwater contained within the shallow sand aquifer. Even though the chemistry of the groundwater samples does not indicate interaction with the Great Artesian Basin, the observed discontinuity in the saprolite implies potential for this to happen in other locations.


The research is within this report is about how cooking in early childhood affects logical mathematics within children of 6 years old, this research is conducted using children in the first grade that attend Jose Maria Urbina grade school. It's primary objective is to describe how childhood cooking works as an alternative method to help develop logical mathematics in children of 6 years old. The methodology uses a qualitative and descriptive approach in order to develop the research by areas and meaningful topics of investigation. This research is mostly bibliographic as it is compiled from a variety of sources such as education magazines, academic books and Internet sources. Furthermore the application of surveys and class observations were used throughout this research project to help create results and draw conclusions. In conclusion, cooking in the early childhood is shown to be beneficial in the development of logical mathematical intelligence early childhood, which can be used as a playful, interactive and innovative tool to reinforce the logical mathematics concepts.


The study aimed to examine the influence of market orientation on SMEs' performance with the mediating effect of supply chain agility and moderation of innovation capabilities. The data for the study were gathered from the manufacturing SMEs operating in major cities of Jordan. The questionnaire was distributed online to gather the maximum responses from managers of SMEs. The collected data were examined by using Smart Pls. The results highlighted that market orientation not only influences the SMEs' performance, but it also helps them in developing supply chain agility.


COVID‐19 has had a severe impact on morbidity and mortality among nursing home (NH) residents. Earlier detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 may position us to better mitigate the risk of spread. Both asymptomatic and pre‐symptomatic transmission are common in outbreaks, and threshold temperatures, such as 38C, for screening for infection could miss timely detection in the majority of residents. We hypothesized that in long‐term care residents, temperature trends with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could identify infection in pre‐symptomatic individuals earlier than standard screening.


Abstract Improvement of the calibration of the Cepheid period–luminosity relation (Leavitt's Law) is one of the main challenges to improve the accuracy of the Hubble constant, H0. Many parallax-of-pulsation methods are promising but have not yet delivered sufficiently accurate distances: observational biases, such as the projection factor, still dominate. We propose a global parallax-of-pulsation method, combining all observables (photometry, spectroscopy, and interferometry), to (i) reduce statistical errors, (ii) use the redundancy among observables to validate our approach, and (iii) achieve 2% accuracy for individual Cepheid distances.