Bottom-up evaluation of queries on deductive databases has many advantages over an evaluation scheme such as Prolog. It is sound and complete with respect to the declarative semantics of least Herbrand models for positive Horn clause programs. In particular, it is able to avoid innnite loops by detecting repeated (possibly cyclic) subgoals. Further, in many database applications , it is more eecient than Prolog due to its set-orientedness. However , the completely set-oriented, breadth-rst search strategy of bottom-up evaluation has certain disadvantages. For example, to evaluate several classes of programs with negation (or aggregation), it is necessary to order the inferences; in essence, we must evaluate all answers to a negative sub-goal before making an inference that depends upon the negative subgoal. A completely breadth-rst search strategy ((14]) would have to maintain a lot of redundant subgoal dependency information to achieve this. We present a technique to order the use of generated subgoals, that is a hybrid between pure breadth-rst and pure depth-rst search. The technique , called Ordered Search, is able to maintain subgoal dependency information eeciently, while being able to detect repeated subgoals, and avoid innnite loops. Also, the technique avoids repeated computation and is complete for DATALOG. We demonstrate the power of Ordered Search through two applications. First, we show that it can be used to evaluate programs with left-to-right modularly stratiied negation and aggregation more ee-ciently than with any previously known bottom-up technique. Second, we illustrate its use for optimizing single-answer queries for linear programs.


SUMMARY We propose in this paper a finite volume scheme to compute the solution of convection-diffusion equation on unstructured and non–conforming grids. The diffusive fluxes are approximated using the recently published SUSHI scheme in its cell centred version, that reaches a second order spatial convergence rate for the Laplace equation on any unstructured 2D/3D grids. As in the MUSCL method, the numerical convective fluxes are built with a prediction-limitation process which ensures that the discrete maximum principle is satisfied for pure convection problems. The limitation does not involve any geometrical reconstruction, thus allowing the use of completely general grids, in any space dimension.


The importance of squalene in both the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries motivated the development of new technologies to purify squalene from different sources, one of such technologies being the supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide (CO2). Knowledge of phase equilibria behavior is essential for the design of these processes. In this work, vapor−liquid equilibria of the binary system squalene + CO2 at high pressures (10 to 35) MPa and at T = (313, 323, and 333) K were measured using a variable-volume view cell. Experimental compositions of both the liquid and vapor phases were compared with previous data available in the literature. Additionally, the results obtained in this work were employed to evaluate the capability of a group contribution based equation of state in the phase equilibria modeling of the squalene + CO2 mixture.


At present,the internal control audit is independent from the traditional audit business,and becomes regular business. But the internal control audit is rarely done or lack of standard in many institutions. After analyzing the causes,it is suggested that only by perfecting laws and regulations,perfecting audit environment,and improving personnel comprehensive quality can perfect institutions' internal control audit,prevent and control economic risk,and improve institutions' management level.


1 PhD-Project; unravelling the link between environmental availability and bioavailability. Many Dutch floodplain ecosystems deal with a high amount of heavy metals in the soil . It is li kely that potential effects on biota can occur. Rijkswaterstaat initiated the question to derive a scientific based link between actual metal concentrations and effects in floodplain ecosystems; a pragmatic assessment tool to assess risks when environmental conditions are changing due to inundation or redevelopment of the floodplains. As demonstrated in many experiments, the impact of soil metal availability is hard to separate from effects of soil physico-chemical properties. The project is guided by two distinctive phases namely a physico-chemical based investigation and an ecotoxicological investigation. Metal distribution and speciation in terrestrial floodplain systems as a dynamic function in space and depth is investigated. For predicting adverse effects in biota accurately in a dynamic environment, it is necessary to develop procedures that take into account the mechanisms behind uptake and elimination processes. The aim of this research is to create more insight on metal uptake mechanisms, by matching chemical supply of soil to biological uptake and physiology of species. The results can assist the interpretation of metal uptake by biota under fluctuating conditions, which are characteristic in flood plain systems.


As part of monographic and phylogenetic studies of the genus by the author, a complete revision of the nomenclatural type specimens of the basionyms of Gymnopilus was initiated. New characters not previously considered inthe descriptions, as subhymenium type and metachromicity of the spores are included. Here 22 type specimens are reviewed, from ENCB, FLAS, IBUG, K, MICH, MP, NY, SFSC, TENN and XAL. Original descriptions are emended in many cases and two species names are placed in synonymy.


The authors report the resonance frequency and the energy dissipation of single crystal diamond cantilevers with different dimensions, which were fabricated by ion implantation assisted technique. The resonance frequency well followed the inverse power law relationship with the length of the cantilevers and exhibited a high reproducibility with varying the dimensions. The energy dissipation decreased with increasing the cantilever length and saturated or reduced at a certain value. For the shorter cantilevers, clamping loss governed the energy dissipation. As the cantilever length increased to a certain value, defects relaxation or surface effect became dominant. The possible origins for these energy dissipations were discussed.


One kind chloropropyl triethoxysilane alcoholysis process, including ethanol evaporation can be controlled within a pressure 0.1MPa, ethanol level control in the level one-half or less of ethanol in the delivery pressure control of 0.1MPa, pneumatic membrane valve control inputs of nitrogen pressure 0.2-0.25Mpa; open ethanol was heated ethanol vapor surge tank of the intake valve, the inlet valve is opened conducting oil, oil temperature control jacket at 165 deg.] C, controlling the internal temperature reaches 135 deg.] C; turn down a film absorber cooling water circulating pump hydrochloric acid tank, the negative pressure reaches -0.03MPa, so that the system remains constant vacuum state, chloropropyl trichlorosilane open reservoir delivery valve is adjusted to maintain the nitrogen pressure tank 0.2-0.25Mpa; opening the inlet valve into the tower, the gas is heated initial ethanol tank rotameter to control the flow of 70m3 / h, temperature control tower at 50 ℃; open chloropropyl trichlorosilane feed rotameter valves, feed amount adjustment, adjusting the air flow remains alcohol at a top temperature of 50 ℃; reaction process, the inlet valve is opened, when the material temperature reached 175 deg.] C, closing the inlet valve, the sampling port sampling and analysis, the product after passing the material drawn into the negative pressure product collection Tank cooling. Improve the conversion rate of products, improved product content, reduce production costs to increase economic efficiency.


5G system aims to enable vertical industries utilizing network programmability to its full extension. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has already established the foundations to provide 5G Core's capabilities to third parties with Common API Framework (CAPIF) and Service Enabler Layer Architecture (SEAL). Vertical application developers communicate implicitly, through the Network Exposure Function (NEF), to unlock the available services. As more third parties move towards 5G ecosystem, their vertical applications need to be scalable, robust and more secure. Cloud native approach is the key enabler to fulfill those requirements and empower the inherent cloud-native characteristics of the 5GC. This paper investigates how the 5G architecture will support Vertical Application Enablers (VAEs) currently studied in 3GPP Rel.17, and proposes cloud native alternatives regarding VAEs implementation.


"The purpose of this paper is to use poverty gap analysis to explore the depth of poverty experienced by children of low-income families in the UK. Measures set out in the Child Poverty Act1 and in the National Child Poverty Strategy2 are based on poverty headcounts, i.e. you are either below or above a certain poverty threshold. The most commonly used measure is the 60 per cent relative poverty measure, defined as individuals living in households with incomes below 60 per cent of the median income. The National Strategy, published in April 2011, introduces a new measure on severe poverty, defined as individuals living in households experiencing material deprivation and with incomes below 50 per cent of the median income.

The head count does not distinguish between those with incomes just below the poverty line and those deeper in poverty. Policies which improve incomes for those at the bottom of the income distribution will not lead to a fall in measured income poverty, unless incomes are raised sufficiently to cross the chosen poverty threshold, and yet reducing these families' depth of poverty is highly likely to improve living standards.

This paper supplements the headcount measures with analysis of the 'poverty gap' for UK children. The poverty gap measures 'How poor are the poor' i.e. the extent of poverty for those who are below the relative poverty threshold. With this measure, an improvement in incomes for those in poverty which is not sufficient for them to escape poverty, is nevertheless captured as a drop in measured poverty. In practice, for each poor individual we measure the poverty gap by calculating the shortfall in their income from the poverty line, and expressing this as a percentage of the poverty line. For example, if the poverty line was 100 and the income was 25 then the poverty gap would be 75 per cent (100 minus 25 equals 75; 75 divided by 100 is 75 per cent). A poverty gap of 75 per cent can be interpreted as an income that is 75 per cent below the poverty line" - page 1.


A recursive algorithm called Bhattacharyya distance feature selection for selecting a real-optimum feature under normal multidistribution is presented. The key of this method is to change the problem of minimizing the criterion of the sum of the upper bound of error probability of every two class pairs in subspace to a problem of solving a nonlinear matrix equation in a multiclass problem under an orthonormal coordinate system. The recursive algorithm is considered as finding the optimal solution of a transformation matrix from the nonlinear matrix equation. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that under normal multidistribution the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to the performance of any previous one.


Recently,the health monitoring of fiber reinforced polymers(FRP)-strengthened concrete structures has been pay more attention by the international civil field.Using of embedded optical fiber sensors for strain monitoring enables to reveal the status of the composite-strengthened structures in real-time remotely.In this paper,the writers discuss the interface-transferring properties and sensing properties of fiber Bragg grating cured in carbon fiber reinforced polymers(CFRP)firstly.FBG sensors are embedded into the CFRP laminates and adhered onto the tensile reinforced steel bars of concrete beams.All strains measured from the sensors are compared with that values from conventional surface mounted strain gauges,the results show that the internal strains measured from the embedded sensors agree well with the surface mounted strain gauges,the measured strains agree well with the FE simulated results.


The tiny percentage of female physics professors in the UK is often said to be the result of a "leaky pipe", whereby the number of women moving from one career stage to the next drops significantly each time. But Lesley Cohen says the situation is more subtle and complex.


We develop a time-dependent random-matrix theory describing the influence of a time-dependent perturbation on mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in open quantum dots. The effect of external field is taken into account to all orders of perturbation theory, and our results are applicable to both weak and strong fields. We obtain temperature and magnetic field dependences of conductance fluctuations. The amplitude of conductance fluctuations is determined by electron temperature in the leads rather than by the width of electron-distribution function in the dot. The asymmetry of conductance with respect to inversion of applied magnetic field is the main feature allowing to distinguish the effect of direct suppression of quantum interference from the simple heating if the frequency of external radiation is larger than the temperature of the leads \v@T.


Crude oils are dominant earth resources since composed with large number of hydrocarbons and some of trace compounds especially with corrosive compounds such as sulfur compounds, naphthenic acids and salts. In the current research the major scope was the investigations of the impact of such corrosive compounds on the corrosion of seven different types of ferrous metals in both qualitatively and quantitatively. According to the methodology such corrosive properties of two different types of selected crude oils were analyzed and the chemical compositions of seven different types of selected ferrous metals were detected by the standard methodologies and recommended instruments. The corrosion rates of such metals were determined by the relative weight loss method after certain immersion time periods in both crude oil samples while analyzing the corroded metal surfaces through a microscope. In addition that the decays of metallic elements from metals into crude oil samples were measured and the variations of the initial hardness of metals after the corrosion were measured by Vicker's hardness tester. Basically there were observed the lower corrosion rates from stainless steels mainly with at least 12% of chromium and sufficient amount of nickel, higher progress of salts on the metallic corrosion at the normal temperatures while comparing with other corrosive compounds, formations of FeS, Fe2O3, corrosion cracks and cavities on the metal surfaces, decay of ferrous and copper from most metals while the immersion into crude oils and small and some insignificantly deductions of the initial hardness of metals.


Zhang Ailing was in a very "awkward" position of the literary history in 1940s,for she carefully observed the life conditions and ways of the world presenting in China modernization process with her own distinctive modern experience.she represented the transform of Chinese modern literature.In a sense,Zhang Ailing,as a "martyr",was a "rebel" and "remnant",as well as a "forerunner" and"prophesier"in history.


This paper proposes strategies for regulating the grid current of a three-phase inverter connected to an electrical network through a LCL filter interfaced by a PV system. The focus of the analysis is to investigate the use of a PI controller or PR controller to regulate the grid current in the outer loop, when there is inner capacitor current regulating loop already provided in order to stabilise the system. The results are verified by plotting the frequency response.


This paper presents the methodology of the indicator function–discrete elementsprobability density function statistical average applied to Two–phaseflow modelling. This formulation allows to consider particles of arbitrary shapeand size and it can be applied to any laminar or turbulent flow. In the case ofequal sized spherical dispersed elements, the most common case found in theliterature, the final expression for the interaction terms (contributions thatdescribe the effect of the second phase on the continuous one) are obtainedwithout great difficulties due to the high isotropy of the spherical shape. Thistask, in the general case of non–spherical non–equal particles is no longerstraightforward and the derivation of the appropriate general interaction termsis presented in §4. In the case that the dispersed elements are small enough,some simplifications can be further introduced leading to a final presentation that remembers that obtained for the simplest case of spherical particles, butwhere some of the quantities must be adequately redefined. PACS: 47.50.Cd


It is very important to consider the validity of the often required assumption that the error in the data being used is normally distributed. When the assumption of normality is reasonable and there are only two variances, the appropriate test is the wellknown F-test. Specific approaches to this test are discussed and illustrated in Nelson (2000). It should be emphasized that normality must not be assumed simply for convenience. There must be a good reason for this assumption. This will be illustrated later.


In view of the present situation of teachers of our college,this paper discusses teachers' comprehensive quality: its composing elements,some misunderstanding about it and countermeasures.It also discusses the basic quality that teachers should possess and how to improve their comprehensive quality so as to set up a qualified teaching team with high political quality,professional morality and expertise.


The community's need for higher education in Indonesia continues to grow, seen from the increasing number of higher education institutions every year. Dinamika University as one of 328 Private Universities (PU) in East Java has implemented marketing tools using a website ( www.dinamika.ac.id ). However, the availability of the website has not been proven to be effective in attracting new students to register at Dinamika University. From 5134 new students, 3785 students (74%) received admissions information through offline media, 1256 students (24%) through online media, and 93 students (2%) through other media. This study aims to determine the effect of the design of visual and verbal web page elements on the buying interest of new students through customer experience. This study combines the PLS-SEM as an analytical method and the Double Diamond method in designing web page recommendations using Warp PLS 7.0 and Adobe XD. 100 experimental respondents were obtained from the purposive sampling method. In the process of designing web page recommendations, the crazy 8 design method will be used to sketch design, supervoting to select design recommendations, and usability testing to test prototypes. The results of this study prove that there is a significant influence between visual web page design on customer experience, verbal web page design on customer experience, verbal web page design on buying interest, customer experience on buying interest, visual web page design on buying interest through customer experience. However, there is also an insignificant effect between visual web page design on buying interest, verbal web page design on buying interest through customer experience. The results of testing the prototype obtained an average score of "Very Good" in its usefulness value.


The study investigates the relationships between physical characteristics of communal open spaces in residential environments, types of outdoor appropriation, resident satisfaction with visual appearance of buildings and outdoor spaces, and their effects on community formation, level of maintenance and performance evaluation of housing schemes. Methodological procedures adopted in the postoccupancy evaluation of twelve housing schemes, comprised of four storey blocks of flats, terrace, detached, semi-detached and row houses, located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil, included questionnaires, interviews, observations, physical measurements, and GIS. Results indicate that, despite dwelling type, physical attributes of the schemes investigated, such as spatial definition, territorial control, adequacy of spaces for child's play and for large-scale socialising and overall visual appearance, when satisfactory, positively affected residents' attitudes and motivations to improve the scheme through physical changes and maintenance, and consequently affected social and user-environment interaction. Accordingly, discontent with the spatial arrangements on the site, conflicting uses caused by the nature of the semi-private and semi-public spaces, poor visual appearance and maintenance, were some of the factors identified as adversely affecting residents ́ emotional attitudes toward the scheme and other residents, encouraging residents' motivations for dysfunctional behaviour, social conflict and further neglect. Variations on the effects of physical characteristics and type of appropriation of communal opens spaces were identified among the housing schemes formed by the different dwelling types. INTRODUCTION A body of research carried out since mid 60 ́s (e.g. Gans, 1968; Coulson, 1980; Darke, 1984; Cooper Marcus & Sarkissian, 1986) indicates that most of the qualitative problems that affect performance of housing schemes are originated by inadequacy of design, inconsistent with the basic requirements needed to support and satisfy aesthetically and functionally user needs and values, caused, inter-alia, by the lack of information design professional and decision makers have about future residents. It is further argued that inadequate design limits performance and affects use opportunities in the built environment, further affecting environmental quality. As Gehl (1987) remarks, activities such as walking, standing, sitting, seeing, hearing, talking, playing or other community activities, which make outdoor residential environments particularly attractive and meaningful to be in, are also the most sensitive to the quality of the physical environment. Performance evaluation of housing schemes implemented during the last decade in Brazil (e.g. Lay, 1992; Reis, 1992; Reis, 1996; Reis & Lay, 1996; Lay, 1996; Lay, 2001), show differences on environmental quality and possibilities of appropriation, with frequent neglect of communal open spaces, both in terms of physical and social performance. Results obtained from these investigations corroborate many studies in the literature which show site layout and visual appearance as major factors influencing spatial behaviour and overall satisfaction (e.g. DoE, 1972; Francescato, 1979). Legibility of site layout, which results from how the site is organised and how the buildings and spaces are located and related to each other, affect the ways spaces are used (Lay, 1998). That is, despite spatial behaviour or user satisfaction cannot be determined by design, it can establish a number of physical and spatial qualities that can support or inhibit patterns of behaviour, consequently affecting the intensity of contact among residents.


The most commonly reported extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in U.S. isolates of Escherichia coli are TEM and SHV derived (2). CTX-M ESBLs have been reported elsewhere, mostly for clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but not in the United States (5). In this report we describe nine U.S. isolates of E. coli from five different states (Virginia, Idaho, Ohio, Washington, and Texas) that appear to produce CTX-M-like ESBLs. These isolates were discovered as we began to investigate the types of ESBLs produced by organisms in a U.S. hospital surveillance study.

All isolates were obtained from patient specimens during 2001-2002. The origins of the isolates, pIs of the β-lactamases, and NCCLS broth microdilution MICs (4) are shown in Table Table1.1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results after restriction with XbaI (7; R. V. Goering and F. C. Tenover, Letter, J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:2432-2433, 1997) determined that all but isolates 1 and 4 were unique (data not shown). Isolates 8 and 9 were obtained from the same patient but had distinctly different antibiotic susceptibility and PFGE patterns. Cefepime MICs were generally higher than usual for TEM- and SHV-derived ESBL-producing isolates, with cefepime MICs being ≥64 μg/ml for seven of these isolates. Clavulanate-based ESBL tests confirmed ESBL production, although ceftazidime MICs for two isolates were <1 μg/ml below the NCCLS ESBL screening criterion (4).

TABLE 1.

MICs of antibiotics for the E. coli isolates that produced CTX-M-like ESBLs

Isoelectric focusing of crude sonicates of the isolates by a cefotaxime-β-lactamase inhibitor overlay procedure (1, 6) revealed that all isolates produced a cefotaxime-hydrolyzing β-lactamase that was inhibited by clavulanate but not cloxacillin. The pIs of these enzymes were ≥9.0 for seven isolates and 8.0 for two (Table (Table1).1). All isolates except isolate 7 produced other clavulanate-inhibited β-lactamases. PCR amplification confirmed the presence of CTX-M-like genes within the isolates: isolates 1 to 7 resulted in amplified products of 414 bp with forward primer MEN-1F, CGGAAAAGCACGTCGATGGG, and reverse primer MEN-1R, GCGATATCGTTGGTGGTGCC; these primers correspond to nucleotide numbers 397 to 416 and 811 to 792, respectively, of the sequence with accession number {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"X92506","term_id":"1524020","term_text":"X92506"}}X92506; isolates 8 and 9 yielded products of 1,346 bp with the forward primer CTX-M14 F1, GAGTGTTGCTCTGTGGATAAC, and the reverse primer CTX-M14 R2, GGCAAGGTCAGAATAGCGCTG; these primers correspond to nucleotide numbers 1514 to 1534 and 2860 to 2840, respectively, of the sequence with accession number {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AF252622","term_id":"12484388","term_text":"AF252622"}}AF252622. PCR amplification was performed as previously described (3) using an annealing temperature of 55°C for the MEN-1 primer pair and 50°C for the CTX-M14 primer pair. Both amplification reactions were performed using 2.0 mM MgCl2. The isoelectric focusing results combined with the PCR data suggest the presence of at least two different types of CTX-M-like enzymes.

To our knowledge this is the first report of CTX-M-like ESBLs in the United States. Since the isolates were from five different states, all but two were unrelated, and at least two different types of CTX-M-type enzymes were detected, it is clear that the CTX-M ESBL family is possibly spreading throughout the United States. This suggests that these enzymes may have been previously overlooked. With these isolates, although the susceptibility patterns may not have been due solely to the CTX-M β-lactamases, the elevated cefepime MICs (≥64 μg/ml) for seven isolates were distinctive, and the very low ceftazidime MICs (<1 μg/ml) for two isolates reaffirmed the need to utilize multiple ESBL screening agents and not to rely solely on ceftazidime to screen for ESBLs.


Wireless Internet roaming may include several radio access networks involving different layer 2 technologies such as 802.11b, CDMA and GPRS. As a mobile user moves around and switches between wireless cells, subnets and domains, it needs to maintain the session continuity. At the same time security of signaling and transport media should not be compromised. A multi-layer security framework involving user authentication, packet based encryption and access control mechanism can provide the desired level of security to the mobile users. Architecture, implementation and performance of a similar framework in a mobile environment is presented here. Results and performance analysis of the implementation are of immense value for wireless Internet service providers, before it is actually deployed in a wide scale manner.


The MEX3A RNA-binding protein, is associated with stem cell differentiation in mouse intestine, whereas in stomach, MEX3A function is still unknown. It is co-expressed with LGR5 in a subpopulation of slowly-dividing stem cells in mice intestinal crypts. LGR5 protein, marks different types of stem cells, both in antrum and corpus essential for homeostasis or injury recuperation. Here it is reported a link between MEX3A and gastric stem cells regulation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling. Mex3a mice, exhibit a phenotypic manifestation in gastric epithelium, namely a reduction of the gastric mucosa thickness and the number of Ki67 cells. Organoids derived from Mex3a mouse, have a slower growth rate and reduced dimensions than the organoids derived from the Mex3asibling. Using organoids derived from Lgr5EGFP mouse, it was observed a LGR5-EGFP expression, suggesting the presence of stem cells. When gastric cancer cells were grown in medium supplemented with Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist growth factors, MEX3A expression increased in MKN45, MKN28, NCI-N87 and SNU-638 cell lines. The stem cell marker SOX2 was used to evaluate the general stem character of the cancer cells pool. In 4 of the 5 cellular lines studied, MEX3A expression increased when cells were grown with supplemented medium. In MKN45 and AGS cell lines, SOX2 increased when cells were grown in supplemented medium. Together, these studies suggest a relation between MEX3A and gastric stem cells regulation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, because of the phenotypic manifestations in Mex3a mice, the slower growth rate of Mex3a derived organoids and the MEX3A overexpression when cells are grown in a medium supplemented with an activator and agonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.


The aim of the paper is to analyze the reasons for the still continuing organizational restructuring and for the transition of Bulgarian agriculture from collective cooperative forms to prevailing sole proprietors and small size collective partnerships based on stake principle. The conclusions and assessments in the paper are based on the data from 2003 Census of agricultural holdings and on results from two research regional projects: "The Land-leasing model of agriculture in Dobrich region" and "Integrated development of rural regions in Haskovo area".


We introduce MudPad, a system capable of localized active haptic feedback on multitouch screens. We use an array of electromagnets combined with an overlay containing magnetorheological (MR) fluid to actuate a tablet-sized area. As MudPad has a very low reaction time it is able to produce instant multi-point feedback for multitouch input, ranging from static levels of surface softness to a broad set of dynamically changeable textures. Our system does not only convey global confirmative feedback on user input but allows the UI designer to enrich the entire interface with a tactile layer conveying local semantic information. This also allows users to explore the interface haptically.


Of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C+) tricyanomethide (A−) high-mass cluster ions of both positive ([C n An–1]+) and negative ([Cn–1A n ]−) charge were generated and detected by direct analysis in real time (DART) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS). After optimization of the settings of the DART ionization source and of the mass analyser, ions of m/z values unprecedented in DART-MS were detected. Thus, the upper m/z limits of positive-ion and negative-ion DART-MS were substantially expanded. Negative-ion DART-MS delivered cluster ions up to [C15A16]−, m/z 3527 (nominal mass of monoisotopic ion), while positive-ion DART-MS even yielded ions up to [C30A29]+, m/z 6784. The identification of the cluster ions is supported by their accurate mass and exact mass differences corresponding to CA between adjacent cluster ion peaks.


Background: Hydration is one of the most significant issues for combat sports as athletes often use water restriction for quick weight loss before competition. There is significant evidence to indicate that the hypohydration status impairs anaerobic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate if hypohydration, to reach a weight category, affects anaerobic performance. Material and methods: Six well trained combat sport athletes, classified in the middleweight division, took part in the experiment. The hydration status and anaerobic performance parameters were evaluated at four points in time (t1 – four weeks before fight, t2 – two weeks before fight, t3 – one day before fight, t4 – the fight day). The hydration status was determined using urine osmolality (UOSM) and urine specific gravity (USG) techniques. Anaerobic performance was evaluated by 30s Wingate tests for upper limbs. Results: The current investigation demonstrated a significant impairment of anaerobic performance parameters, such as peak power – Pp (W), mean power – Pm (W) and total work performed – Wt (J), as a consequence of dehydration in the weight cutting process. Conclusions: The overall results indicate that hypohydration in combat sports athletes is not fully compensated in the 24 h from weigh-in to competition.


The urinary excretion of radioactive metabolites has been qualitatively and quantitatively investigated in rabbits after the intraperitoneal administration of tyramine-C14. The major urinary metabolite found was p -hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, which accounted for approximately 85% of the urinary radioactivity. Three other metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and p -hydroxymandelic acid ( p -HMA), which have not previously been found in urine after tyramine administration, have been identified. In addition, p -hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol and two unidentified metabolites were found. The presence of radioactive catecholamine metabolites ( i.e., HVA and VMA) indicates that tyramine can be converted in vivo to catecholamines. The finding of p -HMA provides further evidence for the in vivo conversion of tyramine to octopamine. The significance and implications of these metabolic pathways are discussed.


This paper develops a novel deadlock control policy with polynomial complexity based on resource orders that can ensure non-blockingness in FMS(Flexible manufacturing systems) modeled by G-system,which allows concurrent execution of manufacturing assembly processes.First,resource requirement of each operation place can be obtained by computing a Petri net model,and maximal resource requirement of each operation place should be adjusted under any partial order of resources.After that,circuit waiting can be avoided by adding monitors to each resource so that the system would not enter a deadlock state.Finally,an application of the proposed method to a G-system is presented,which indicates that siphon enumeration is avoided and computational complexity is greatly decreased without losing liveness of Petri nets.


The generation of a 40 GHz regeneratively amplified and frequency-multiplied optical pulse train from an erbium-doped fiber ring laser is demonstrated. This is achieved by seeding a 1 GHz gain-switched Fabry–Perot laser diode and detuning its repetition frequency to coincide with the harmonic resonant cavity mode. The peak power of frequency-multiplied erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) pulses increases from 80 mW to 230 mW as the modulation level of the Fabry–Perot laser diode (FPLD) increases from 18 dBm to 30 dBm. The pulsewidth and peak power are 10 ps and 5 mW at a repetition rate of 40 GHz. The EDFL longitudinal mode frequency fluctuation is within ±2.5 kHz during 2 h. The frequency-multiplied EDFL pulses exhibit relatively low phase noises of -95 dBc/Hz and -120 dBc/Hz at offset frequencies of 10 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. The associated timing jitter of the EDFL pulses exponentially increases from 0.6 ps to beyond 5.8 ps as the frequency multiplication order increases from 1 to 40.


Plastic optical fiber transmission link (POFTL) becomes an atractive option for short distance LAN's and industrial applications. In this work, we investigate the influence of LED optical characteristic variations due to its junction temperature changements on performances of a PMMA core POFTL. A selective loss As is introduced for this purpose. The value of As is found to be 0.33dB/km°C.


In order to produce high-brilliance hard X-ray photon beams, permanent magnet short-period undulators are applied in many synchrotron facilities worldwide. Superconducting undulators (SCUs) have the potential to further increase the spectral range and brilliance. At the ANKA (ÅNgstrom source KArlsruhe) synchrotron radiation facility, we thus pursue an SCU-focused research and development program in a collaboration between the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Babcock Noell GmbH (BNG), the status of which is reported in this contribution. The effort to develop instruments and tools for quality assessment of the magnetic field of SCUs and to enhance the understanding of beam heat load mechanisms in a cold bore is also described.


Domestic dishwasher (GS) with a computer main control (HE) and at least one drying equipment porsorcion (STE), wherein specifically for the control of at least one electrical component (HZ1) delequipo sorption drying (STE ) is provided at least one further control unit (ZE) further alequipo main control (hE), for the additional control unit (ZE) is connected to the equipment ControlPrincipal (hE) via at least one line (DB) control and that the additional control unit (ZE) presentauna monitoring logic watchdog (WD) for monitoring the functionality of the control line (DB) during activation of equipment sorption drying (STE) during the respective drying process porsorcion and / or desorption process.


BETRAYAL IS A TREACHEROUS SUBJECT. There are as many ways of telling a story of betrayal as there are points from which to tell it. Let's begin with a beginning, perhaps not quite the very beginning, but a beginning nonetheless—which, as beginning, then inevitably involves an ending. In other words, let's begin with Babel. We will begin with the beginning ofmultiplicity, the differences of and in languages, the betrayal of God's distance by human hubris (itself repeating a motif from Eden), and the end, seemingly, of a common or universal language. Jacques Derrida observed via Voltaire the duplicity of the word Babel quite some time ago:


In 1973, Northern Natural Gas (NNG) Co.'s Midland exploration and production district acquired a 7-section lease block on a Devonian-Montoya prospect suggested by trend geology and limited seismic data. This acreage block was 2 miles west of the abandoned Hershey field, and included acreage on which the Devonian was tested at noncommercial rates in 1962. Additional seismic data confirmed the presence of a drillable prospect on NNG's acreage block. Engineering analyses of the reservoir characteristics suggested that modern completion and treatment techniques would result in a commercial producer. NNG's management approved the expenditure and the first well was spudded in April, 1977. This well, the No. 1 Hershenson, was completed in Sept., 1977 as the discovery well in the Hershey West (Devonian-Montoya) field for a calculated open flow potential (CAOFP) of 20.5 mmcfd dry gas from perforations at 15,445 to 16,017 ft. The confirmation well, No. 1 Hershenson 6, was spudded in May, 1978, and completed in Oct., 1978, for a CAOFP of 86.3 mmcfd from perforations at 16,000 to 16,624 ft. A third well, No. 1 Maddox-Willbanks 15, was spudded in Nov., 1978. Rediscovered field potential justified construction of a gas processing plant and a 16-mile pipeline.


Introduction Let M be a complete, simply connected Riemannian manifold without focal points. Let a(t) and β(t), t > 0, be geodesic rays parametrized by their arc lengths, respectively. Then a and β are asymptotic if the distance between a{t) and β{t) is bounded for all t > 0. Let Λf(oo) be the set of all classes of asymptotic geodesic rays and let M = M u Λ/(oo). In [4] it was proved that for any point p in M and a geodesic ray α, there exists a unique geodesic ray β asymptotic to a with β(0) = p. Let E beR with the natural euclidean metric. Then E is an example of M. In this case two geodesic rays a(ί) = a + fo(||t>|j = 1) and β(t) = b + ftv(||>v|| = 1) are asymptotic if and only if they are parallel, i.e., υ = w. We denote the asymptotic class containing α by oot), and suppose that the ray is extended to the interval [0, oo] by putting α(oo) = oot>. Then E(oo) has the natural topology as the unit sphere S, and E can be identified with the closed unit (n + 1) — disk. The purpose of this note is to prove the following: Theorem. Let M be a complete, simply connected Riemannian manifold without focal points. Then M has a canonical topology with the following property: For any p €Ξ M, the exponential map: TpM —> M extends uniquely to a homeomorphism from TpM onto M. The topology is called the cone topology since for each point x in Af(oo), cones containing x form a local basis at x. The theorem is known in the case of nonpositive curvature (see [2]). In the case of no focal points, it was proved if either the dimension of M is 2, or the geodesic flow of M is of Anosov type (see [4]). The proof here refers to [3] and [4]. Proof of the theorem. Let K(t) be a symmetric n X n matrix valued continuous function defined for all / G R, and consider the n X n matrix


Scattering optimization is a challenging engineering problem with an extensive list of potential applications. For some practical applications, the reflectance of the photonic cluster should be variable from minimal to maximal values. The theoretical investigation of such problem is extremely difficult due to multiple interactions between particles in the cluster. In this paper, the optimization of the light scattered by the photonic cluster made of small particles is studied with the help of the special optimization algorithm and the local perturbation method. It was shown that the photonic cluster can be transformed in such a way that its reflectance will be increased or decreased by several orders of magnitude for selected wavelength and direction.


The monitoring of Maximum Power Point (MPP) is a successful method for improving Photo Voltaic (PV) power extraction under different types of weather conditions. The power versus voltage curve shows multiple peaks as the PV module receives the different irradiances during the partial shading condition. In these situations, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) capability to monitor the PV array's global MPP directly impacts system performance. Different approaches to MPPT were proposed in the literature. Among all, MPPT techniques based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms have established the potential to locate the MPP on a large scale. This work contributes a thorough and in-depth review of MPPT strategies based on AI. According to its application strategy, each method is categorized into one of several subcategories. The different techniques for incorporating AI into MPPTs are thoroughly examined with the thorough analysis of their merits and demerits. This study creates a set of MPPT techniques based on AI so that users can realize and choose the best approach for their needs and system constraints.


This document is a survey of publicly available information concerning serial communication architectures used, or proposed to be used, in aeronautic and aerospace applications. It focuses on serial communication architectures that are suitable for low-latency or real-time communication between physically distributed nodes in a system. Candidates for the study have either extensive deployment in the field, or appear to be viable for near-term deployment. Eleven different serial communication architectures are considered, and a brief description of each is given with the salient features summarized in a table in appendix A. This survey is a product of the Propulsion High Impact Avionics Technology (PHIAT) Project at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). PHIAT was originally funded under the Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) Program to develop avionics technologies for control of next generation reusable rocket engines. After the announcement of the Space Exploration Initiative, the scope of the project was expanded to include vehicle systems control for human and robotics missions. As such, a section is included presenting the rationale used for selection of a time-triggered architecture for implementation of the avionics demonstration hardware developed by the project team


In the real world, it is not always true that the nextdoor house is close to my house, in other words, "neighbors" are not always "true neighbors". In this study, we propose a new Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm, SOM with False- Neighbor degree between neurons (called FN-SOM). The behav- ior of FN-SOM is investigated with learning for various input data. We confirm that FN-SOM can obtain the more effective map reflecting the distribution state of input data than the conventional SOM and Growing Grid. and adjacent columns of FN-SOM. We find the neuron q which has never become the winner, and the neurons, which is the most distant from q in a set of direct topological neighbors of q, are said to be "false neighbors" of q. The initial values of all of the false-neighbor degrees are set to zero, however, they are increased with learning, and the false-neighbor degrees act as a burden of the distance between map nodes when the weight vectors of neurons are updated. FN-SOM changes the neighborhood relationship more flexibly according to the situation and the shape of data. We explain the learning algorithm of FN-SOM in detail in Section II. The learning behaviors of FN-SOM for 2- dimensional input data and 3-dimensional data, which have some clustering problem, are investigated in Section III. In addition, we apply FN-SOM to a real world data set, Iris data. Learning performance is evaluated both visually and quantitatively using three measurements. Furthermore, the results are compared with those obtained by the conventional SOM and Growing Grid. We can confirm that there are few inactive neurons using FN-SOM, and FN-SOM can obtain the most effective map reflecting the distribution state of input data in the three algorithms.


Legal protection given to culturally important ensembles - presenting historical or landscape value - has been chiefly developed, in Brazil, through the Secretariat of the National Historical and Artistic Endowment. State and Municipal Administrations have participated, although in a lesser evident manner, in the defence of historical centers.


In oral glucose tolerance tests with methanolic ext ract of Casearia elliptica leaves (MECE), the extra c dosedependently reduced blood glucose concentrations in glucose-loaded mice. At extract doses of 50, 100, 2 and 400 mg/kg, the reductions in blood glucose levels were, respectively, 6.9, 21.9, 35.8, and 50.0%. In compa rison, a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, whe n administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg, reduced b lood glucose level by 47.4%. In analgesic activity tests wi h acetic acid induced pain model mice, the extr act at the aforementioned four doses, dose-dependently reduced acet ic acid induced abdominal constrictions in mice by 18.5, 40.7, 48.1, and 51.9% versus the 48.1 and 63.0% reduction s btained with a standard analgesic drug, aspirin, administered respectively, at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg. The extract when administered to mice di d not cause any acute toxicity when administered at doses up to 3000 mg per kg. Preliminar phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins in th e extract, which can account for the observed antih yperglycemic and antinociceptive activities.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify various information security management parameters and develop a conceptual framework for it.Design/methodology/approach – Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC approaches have been used to identify and classify the key factors of information security management based on the direct and indirect relationship of these factors.Findings – The research presents a classification of key parameters according to their driving power and dependence which enable information security management in an organization. It also suggests parameters on which management should pay more attention.Research limitations/implications – In the paper, 12 parameters were identified based on a literature study and expert help. It is possible to identify some more parameters for ISM development. The help of experts was also used to identify the contextual relationship among the variables for the ISM model. This may introduce some element of bias. Although a relationship mode...


Glutelin protein is the most well-known abundant seed storage protein in rice seed endosperm. A total of 9 glutelin and glutelin type protein sequences from Oryza species available in uniport were evaluated by using bioinformatics tools to investigate physico-chemical properties, secondary structure prediction, putative phosphorylation sites and conserved motif search. Physicochemical analysis offers data such as pI, EC, Al, GRAVY and II about these sequences and the results showed that all glutelin protein sequences are basic, hydrophilic, thermo stable, having some extracellular portion. The secondary structure of the protein sequences were also predicted using SOPMA server. It was observed that alpha helix was predominant, followed by random coil, extended strand and least beta turn was found. Putative phosphorylation sites were also identified which are found to be conserved in plant species and the results showed that the most abundant phosphorylation site is serine residues in glutelin


'Village tank Cascade Systems' an ancient, small scale irrigation technology is examined as it could be observed in the North Central Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. A 'cascade' is defined as 'a connected series of village irrigation tanks organized within a micro-(or meso-) catcment of the dry zone landscape, storing, conveying and utilizing water from an ephemeral rivulet' (Madduma Bandara 1985). The underlying argument developed from this case study is that, traditional technologies cannot be adequately comprehended in isolation without reference to the ecological and social systems in which they prevail. With changes in the latter elements, some traditional technologies may become anachronistic and often unusable or even face disappearance. Therefore, it is prudent to look for their substance than their form and the principles that governed their perpetuity over long periods of time. (


M ANY factors have tended to throw obscurity over the early medical history of Louisiana. Transferred from France to Spain, and from Spain to France again, and from the latter to the United States, Louisiana has been a loser in early official records, which have been buried in the archives of foreign governments, or published in some obscure foreign language journals which are no longer available. Then too, the nomadic form of its population tended to leave few records. The heterogeneous population devoted its energies almost exclusively to the attempt to make money, with the expectation of returning wealthy to their homeland. Physicians, with few exceptions, came to the state with this same end in view. With its ever increasing commerce and trade, New Orleans during the early period of its statehood was the Utopia of those seeking to make fortunes. Physicians shared in this era of prosperity, as their services were compensated with a liberality never before equalled. However, with all this prosperity, literature, and particularly medical literature, was at a low ebb. There were no colleges in the state, and the few schools that were in existence were conducted in the French or Spanish language. At least half of the population were unable to read and write. In referring to the unproductiveness of the medical men of this early period, Dr. Bennett Dowler had this to say:1


Today job satisfaction is one of the most frequently investigated objects in organizational research and one of the most complicated areas that face today's executives who seek to avoid staff turnover and retain the best employees. High staff turnover as a consequence of job dissatisfaction may have a negative impact on company finances, as the recruitment, training, retraining of employess are not only costly but also time consuming. In addition, satisfied employees tend to be more productive, creative and more committed to their employers. As a result, employers are increasingly focusing on their employees, their expectations and job satisfaction, as companies are currently experiencing a rapidly changing, innovation-driven period that can lead to tensions and negative social consequences. Job satisfaction is becoming an increasingly relevant topic as it threatens the loss of highly skilled professionals and, consequently, market positions. The aim of the research – to analyze the employee job satisfaction on the farmer's farm. The research method – quantitative research. The quantitative research method is aimed at gathering information expressed numerically and quantitatively. The methodology of quantitative research was chosen to reveal the aim of the research, since the aim is to measure the phenomenon of interest - job satisfaction, employee attitudes to individual work objects, and also because, in accordance with the aim of the research, the researcher focuses on the consideration of predetermined human provisions (job satisfaction), and measurement. The chosen data collection method - written survey - helped to describe the phenomenon under research, obtain as much information as possible in order to reveal the aim of the research. The survey was conducted as it aimed to obtain representative information about the researched target group – employees of the farmers' farm and their attitudes to the investigated phenomenon - job satisfaction


The method of force tracing is employed to examine the optomechanical interaction between two and four Luneburg lenses. Using a simplified analytical model, as well as a realistic numerical model, the dynamics of elastic and fully inelastic collisions between the lenses under the illumination of collimated beams are studied. It is shown that elastic collisions cause a pair of Luneburg lenses to exhibit oscillatory and translational motion simultaneously. The combination of these two forms of motion can be used to optomechanically manipulate small particles. Additionally, it is addressed how fully inelastic collisions of four Luneburg lenses can help us achieve full transparency as well as isolating space to trap particles.


The importance of demand for money has become a prominent research topic in monetary economics due to its role in monetary policy formulation. This paper investigates empirically the determinants of money demand function in Sri Lanka over the period 1977-2019. This study estimates both short run and long run money demand function using monetary aggregates M1 and M2 based on time series data. The explanatory variables used in the study comprised with stability variables such as Inflation rate, exchange rate and Gross Domestic product, Opportunity cost variables such as short run interest rate and long term interest rate and other macroeconomic variables such as government expenditure, interest rate spread and economic crisis. Annual time series data has been taken to estimate eterminants of money demand. The estimates of the long run relationship is obtained by using bound cointegration technique and the vector error correction technique was used to estimate of the short run dynamics of the long run equation. Findings of the study confirmed real GDP, interest rate, government expenditure, inflation rate, interest rate spread and economic crisis has significant relationship with the money demand in Sri Lanka. According to the stability test, the empirical results show that the both M1 and M2 money demand functions are stable for the period 1977-2019. Results indicate that both M1 and M2 are suitable for the monetary policy formulation. Thus, Sri Lanka's current practice of monetary targeting framework using broad money as an intermediate target is viable. This study provides the policy challenges that Sri Lankan economy meets to develop favorable macroeconomic environment in order to manage money demand for a sustainable growth.


The purpose of this article is to review the forms of child abuse and neglect with their clinical signs, together with a step-to-step guide for identification of suspected cases and the role of physicians, such us dentists in evaluating such conditions. The importance of an early recognition is based on the effective intervention. All members of dental team have a unique opportunity and legal obligation to assist in identifying and reporting child abuse. This special opportunity exists because a high proportion of abused children suffer injuries to the face and head, including the oral and perioral regions. However, physicians receive minimal training in oral health and dental injury and disease usually may not detect dental aspects of abuse or neglect, as readily as they do with symptoms and signs involving other areas of the body. Therefore, physicians and dentists are encouraged to collaborate to increase the prevention, detection and treatment of these conditions.


Abstract Older Americans are residentially segregated in the American metropolis. This paper reports the results of an ecological analysis of 70 SMSAs and 612 census tracts within these metropolitan areas. Two basic research questions are explored: 1) Why are the elderly segregated from the young? and 2) Where do the elderly reside within the metropolitan area? Metropolitan differences in the level of age segregation can be explained by traditional ecological forces. The effect of these forces, however, is regionally variable. Residential patterns of the elderly also vary by region. A general theme of residential choice pervades the regional variation in age segregation.


The need to synthesize qualitative research in order to inform fields of study has been highlighted as a critical imperative in recent years. Since that time, there have been a number of attempts to identify methodological approaches to achieving such a goal. Despite some notable efforts in this regard, the metasynthesis research approach continues to be somewhat elusive with regard to its steps and procedures. The authors of this article describe their experience conducting a metasynthesis of qualitative research regarding transformation in chronic illness and disability. The particular emphasis of the article will be the practical strategies and procedures that assisted them in conducting the project in a rigorous and meaningful way. The authors emphasize the need for continued dialogue about strategies and procedures in metasynthesis that will aid researchers who are contemplating this complex research approach.


Mental stress can be one of the most prominent factors of failure or poor performance in students. The traditional method of examination involves evaluating performance of students in limited time that may increase their stress level and may deteriorate their performance. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most commonly used methods to measure stress using brain waves. In this study, we investigate the influence of time limitation in exam on the performance of students and use EEG to explore the contribution of stress towards the change in performance. For this purpose, students performed mental arithmetic task (MAT) based on Montreal Imaging Stress Task of same difficulty level twice; once with time limitation accompanied by feedback for every question to induce stress and once without any time limitation and feedback. We observe vast difference in performance of the students for the two MAT tests and significant change in the power spectral density of theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands associated with increase in stress level for three chosen electrodes in EEG results. Our results show that stress may be one of the major factors for bad performance of the students in the exam resulting in failure.


This volume aims to provide a background to the study of 20th-century pacifism and the role of pacifism in the world. It includes a pre-history of pacifism; early Christian anti-militarism to medieval sectarian pacifism; pacifists during the age of the democratic revolution; and the pacifist impulse in antebellum America.


Diversity and abundance of trace fossils in strata of the Greenhorn and Niobrara cyclothems of west-central Kansas, southern Colorado, and south-central Utah have been used to quantify trace-fossil assemblages. Recognition of assemblages is based on use of quantitative, semi-quantitative, and binary (presence-absence) data in conjunction with cluster and factor analysis. Although the character of the original burrowing infauna was a primary factor in assemblage composition, the nature of burrowed sediments and diagenesis exerted strong influence on the preserved trace-fossil record. Thus, the present composition of originally similar assemblages may differ among the several lithotypes (sandstone, shale, chalk, limestone) because of variations in depositional and diageneti processes that affected preservation of biogenic structures. It is suggested that some of the observed differences in these Upper Cretaceous trace-fossil assemblages are more apparent than real. At present, taxonomic problems relating to trace fossils hinder quantification of the Upper Cretaceous assemblages. Direct application of standard taxonomic conventions could lead to conceptual confusion because the morphology of trace fossils is controlled as much by general behavior of organisms and their specific responses to sedimentologic parameters as by body form. For example, Ophiomorpha is known to grade into Thalassinoides, some of which developed Teichichnus-like form. Furthermore, some Rhizocorallium are connected to Thalassinoides burrow systems. The first three genera could be synonymized with Rhizocorallium, which has priority. A more constructive approach involves erection of suprageneric categories, such as Rhizocorallium-group, that would express End_Page 543------------------------------ the natural relationship of many associated trace fossils. End_of_Article - Last_Page 544------------


: At present, the back-propagation (BP) network algorithm widely used in the short-term output prediction of photovoltaic power stations has the disadvantage of ignoring meteorological factors and weather conditions in the input. The existing traditional BP prediction model lacks a variety of numerical optimization algorithms, such that the prediction error is large. The back-propagation (BP) neural network is easy to fall into local optimization thus reducing the prediction accuracy in photovoltaic power prediction. In order to solve this problem, an improved grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the photovoltaic power prediction model of the BP neural network. So, an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm optimized BP neural network for a photovoltaic (PV) power prediction model is proposed. Dynamic weight strategy, tent mapping and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are introduced in the standard grey wolf optimization (GWO) to construct the PSO–GWO model. The relative error of the PSO–GWO–BP model predicted data is less than that of the BP model predicted data. The average relative error of PSO–GWO–BP and GWO–BP models is smaller, the average relative error of PSO–GWO–BP model is the smallest, and the prediction stability of the PSO–GWO–BP model is the best. The model stability and prediction accuracy of PSO–GWO–BP are better than those of GWO–BP and BP


Surface activation is intended to ensure that a cylinder liner can be anchored in the casting material of a light-metal crankcase with greater bonding. For surface activation, the surface of the cylinder liner is roughened mechanically. Advantageously, copper particles are also implanted into the treated surface. It is necessary to ensure that the time span between surface activation and casting-in is short. Moreover, the activated surface, as far as possible, should not be touched by hand.


Objective To explore the effect of risk management with the Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard AS/NZS4360:2004 in emergency care and to provide a new method to prevent nursing risk.Methods Emergency care risk management framework was established and work standards,processes and operating instructions were developed according to Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard AS/NZS4360:2004 and the management before and after the application of new management was compared.Results There were less nursing complaints and adverse events from patients as well as less injuries medical staff suffered after the implementation of risk management,which reflected significant difference.Conclusion The standard of Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard AS/NZS4360:2004 is a simple and effective risk management tool.


Thermal cycling of Zerodur reveals hysteresis effects near 250 and 450 K. Similar behavior is not observed in ULE or fused silica. Cer-vit was not examined.


The mechanical properties of extruded AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets were investigated by conducting tension and compression experiments along with three different directions align in the sheet plane in this paper.The results show that extruded magnesium alloy sheets show high anisotropy and strong tension-compression asymmetry.The in-plane tensile yield stress in the extrusion direction(ED) is much bigger(about 2 times) than that of compression in the same direction and tension or compression in other directions.The tensile yield and ultimate strength in the 45°direction are smaller in some extent, while the elongation is the largest.The tension-compression asymmetry include the difference in tensile and compressive initial yield stresses(yield asymmetry) and plastic flow stresses(flow asymmetry),the compressive hardening curve turns to be unusual S-shape.The deformation mechanism which causes material anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry was discussed based on the crystal plasticity.


The current longitudinal project examines speech and language development in 40 preschool children with mild‐ to severe‐hearing loss (and a cohort of typically developing peers) as part of large, multicenter project on outcomes of children with hearing loss. Whole‐day recordings are collected once monthly for 1 year and subjected to detailed acoustic‐phonetic analyzes. To date, we have collected several hundred whole‐day recordings using a commercially available, body‐worn recorder and software (the LENA Foundation). The software performs unsupervised, offline analysis of the audio and produces (1) a time‐aligned, XML‐coded output including the talker labels adult‐female, adult‐male, target‐child, and other‐child and (2) the PCM wave file of the entire day. Audio segments of specific talkers are then extracted with custom software designed for detailed acoustic‐phonetic analyzes of speech. For example, fundamental frequency was extracted for target‐child utterances and compared in varied conversational ex...


Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Life, Reproduction and Sex Chapter 3: Organization and Structure of Mammalian Reproductive Systems Chapter 4: Sexual Differentiation Chapter 5: Functional Anatomy of Reproductive Systems: Genital Organs Chapter 6: Functional Anatomy of Reproductive Systems: Neuroendocrine Systems Chapter 7: Principles of Reproductive Endocrinology Chapter 8: Puberty Chapter 9: Dynamics of Testicular Function in Adult Males Chapter 10: Dynamics of Ovarian Function in the Adult Female Chapter 11: Dynamics of Ovarian Function: Folliculogenesis, Oogenesis and Ovulation Chapter 12: Dynamics of Ovarian Function: The Luteal Phase Chapter 13: Sexual Behavior Chapter 14: Establishing Pregnancy: From Coitus to Syngamy Chapter 15: Establishing Pregnancy: Embryogenesis, Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy and Placentation Chapter 16: Maintaining, Ending and Recovering from Pregnancy Chapter 17: Environment and Reproduction Chapter 18: Ethics and Reproductive Physiology


Abstract Recent excavations at Tula Chico, the monumental center for Tula's earliest settlement, revealed a long and complex history of occupation, beginning with its initial settlement in the Middle Classic period by Coyotlatelco peoples, when much of the region was under Teotihuacan's direct control. During the Epiclassic period, a program of monumental construction began that developed the monumental complex seen today over a period of about 200 years. Although Tula Chico was superseded by Tula Grande, the monumental center for the Early Postclassic city, it continued to be occupied and maintained until its destruction by fire. Tula Chico and Tula Grande show evidence of clear cultural continuity in ceramics, architecture, and sculpture, including "Toltec style" sculpture characteristic of Tula Grande that is present in temporally early contexts at Tula Chico.


The loading of various promoters on (VO)2P2O7 enhances its activity in the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride by inducing the preferential exposure of the (020) plane.


Purpose: To evaluate a Helical TomoTherapy‐based rodent radiosurgery platform that reproduces human image guided radiosurgerytreatment and to study radiobiologic effects of stereotactic radiosurgery on lungtissues, with or without Amifostine, a radioprotector. Methods and Materials: Hypofractionated radiosurgery with varying radiation dose from 21 Gy to 60 Gy was delivered to the right lung of 16 anesthetized New Zealand rabbits using Helical TomoTherapy in three fractions with MVCT image guidance. Contrast enhanced MR perfusion, hyperpolarized helium‐3 MR ventilation, and CT were obtained before radiation and monthly for 4 months after radiation. The radiological findings were verified by subsequent histopathology studies. Amifostine was given to a subgroup of rabbits received 33 Gy before each fraction of radiation. Results: Precise dose delivery to a 1.6 cc of the lower right lung was achieved without additional immobilization. No deficits were detected at baseline with respect to perfusion and ventilation. Lung perfusion deficits in the irradiated lung regions began at 2 months post radiation and worsen with time for rabbits received 27 Gy and higher. No ventilation defects were observed after radiation. Decrease of lungCT density in irradiated regions was observed after radiation, but the changes were less significant than those in MR perfusion. Compared with rabbits received 33 Gy radiation only, rabbits received Amifostine treatments were significantly better protected from lung injury indicated by a 31% higher perfusion level. Conclusions: We demonstrated that highly conformal radiation can be reproducibly delivered to a small volume of rodent lung on a widely available clinical unit. The radiation‐induced lung injury can be detected as early as 2 months after radiation with perfusion MRI. The primary pattern of injury agrees with previously reported endothelial damage to radiosurgical radiation doses. The injury can be effectively reduced by Amifostine, a free radical scavenger.


As transport routes and population centers in mountainous areas expand, risks associated with rockfalls and rockslides grow at an alarming rate. As a consequence, there is an urgent need to delineate mountain slopes susceptible to catastrophic collapse in a safe and noninvasive manner. For this purpose, we have developed a 3D tomographic seismic refraction technique and applied it to an unstable alpine mountain slope, a significant segment of which is moving at 0.01–0.02 m∕year toward the adjacent valley floor. First arrivals recorded across an extensive region of the exposed gneissic rock mass have extraordinarily low apparent velocities at short (0.2 m) to long (>100 m) shot-receiver offsets. Inversion of the first-arrival traveltimes produces a 3D tomogram that reveals the presence of a huge volume of very-low-quality rock with ultralow to very low P-wave velocities of 500–2700 m∕s . These values are astonishingly low compared to the average horizontal P-wave velocity of 5400 m∕s determined from labora...


cannot even begin to understand the formation of a Nazi Party and its eventual popularity without recognizing the traumatic consequences of the German defeat in World War I, the Spartacist Revolution of 1919 in Berlin, and the Bavarian Communist Revolution led by three Russian Jews. The last two events are not mentioned by Semelin, despite the enormous impact on Bavaria and its transformation into the German base of the Nazi Party. Of course, the Russian Revolution and the prominence of Jews among its leaders fed into the anti-Semitism engendered by these events. It was the reality of these occurrences that was to be so consequential for the Holocaust, for the fear was genuine and palpable, albeit perverse and unwarranted. And the genocide itself began only after the German invasion of Russia. Contrary to Semelin's proposed emphasis on massacre as the principal unit of analysis, policies of the state are required to understand the decision to commit genocide, or even mass murder on a large scale. The massacres of Jews in Russian pogroms of the late nineteenth century were quite different from those of World War II. Qualitatively, the pogroms did not arise from tsarist policy despite early indications that this might be the case, and quantitatively of course, the number of Jews murdered was several orders of magnitude smaller, numbering in the hundreds, not millions. In other words, seeking to explain both massacre and genocide within the same framework is a major research blunder. Explaining the magnitude of the genocidal killing would be largely overlooked, as it has been in this book. When Semelin declares at the outset: "I am not a German Jew, or a Tutsi from Rwanda, or a Bosnian Muslim" (p. 1), he signals that the remaining 95% of the Jewish victims who were not German Jews (most were East European) would not be sufficiently recognized. Even Vichy France and its leaders, Philippe Pétain and Pierre Laval, complicit in the murder of 72,000 Jews, merit only one sentence in the entire book (p. 220) and zero entries in its index. Worse, introduction of the concept of perpetrator delusion raises the possibility of exculpation. Only those of sound mind can be deemed to be responsible for their actions. If they were delusional, then the possibility of impunity is open for those who deliberately killed innocent human beings. Semelin's section entitled "The Ambiguity of Evil" does not help matters. Homicidal behavior can have ambiguous antecedents. Evil itself, understood here as the premeditated mass murder of innocent human beings, is never ambiguous. These considerations suggest that the book was hastily written and produced, a conjecture that is reinforced by the fact that names mentioned in the text do not appear in the index, citations are sometimes not given for authors named in the text, names are misspelled (e.g., Arno Mayer becomes Arnold Mayer, and Peter Longrich is cited as Peter Longerish), and the heading of the concluding chapter is misspelled throughout. Semelin is obviously well read, especially in the French literature, and demonstrates a capacity for analytic thought. It is a pity that this book was not more precisely conceived and executed. Vraiment, c'est dommage.


Caloglyphus caroli ChannaBasavanna . Krishna Rao 1982,a new record of Caloglyphus to China is described and illustrated in this paper. The measurements are in microns. All specimens are deposited in the Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanchang University.
Caloglyphus caroli ChannaBasavanna . Krishna Rao 1982 (New record to China) (figs. 1-5)
Male. Body cuticle smooth. Ve very short and arises at the middle of the lateral border. See over 6 times longer than Sci; distance between the two Sci about 3 times of that between Sci and Sce. Dorsal setae increase from d1 to d4 and do not reach the base of the setae following. Supracoxal seta well developed with many branches. Tarsus Ⅳ : the distance between the two suckers is almost twice of that between the suckers and their respective tarsal ends; proximal sucker distinctly below r and w.
Female. Idiosomal setae similar to that of male. Six pairs of anal microsetae; two pairs at anterior end of anal slit, 1 pair at middle and 3 pairs at posterior end.
Specimen 5 ,7 , in the bran, from Anyi County, Jiangxi Province, Aug. 15, 2001,Tu Dan leg.
Distributioni China (Jiangxi), India (Bangalore).


The estrus of Gansu red deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis) was synchroniged with Cloprostenol and PMSG. 45 deers were divided into 3 groups: A-group was treated with PG+PG+PMSG; B-group was treated with PG+PMSG. The results showed that the rate of estrus synchronization was similar (P0.05) between A and B group (93.3% and 86.7% respectively) in five days, but different between A、B group and the control (P0.05); The conception rates were 73.3%and 60.0% in group A and B respectively, 20% and 6.7% higher than the control group, and the rate of twins was 6.7% in group A; At the same time, the farrowing intervals in groups A and B were 12 and 8 days shorter than that of the control group, the average born weight of fawns were 1.53kg higher than that of the control, and the survival rate of fawns increased by 2.5% and 12.5% compired to the control.


Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound,MRI and 1H-MRS in Thyroid carcinoma.Methods The image of 62 cases of Thyroid carcinoma.All the cases were confirmed by operation and pathology.Results Thyroid carcinoma occurring appearance,internal echo,Color Doppler flow image(CDFI),MRI,1H-MRS and metastastic paracervical lymph nodes symptom all have difference.Conclusion Ultrsonography has the important clinical application value in diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas,and 1H-MRS combined with MRI can improve diagnotic accuracy of thyroid carcinomas.


We report on the electric-field dependent band-gap energy and near-gap absorption coefficient of a specially designed strained-layer superlattice (SLS) employing tensile strained quantum wells and having a band-gap wavelength near 1.3 μm. The SLS was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on an InP substrate and consists of In0.43Ga0.57As wells (4.5-nm-thick) and In0.6Al0.4As barriers (6.75-nm-thick). For applied fields from zero up to at least 2.5×105 V/cm, the band-edge absorption exhibits a single peak, which we attribute to a field-independent superpositioning of the heavy- and light-hole ground states. This result agrees with tunneling resonance calculations, which predict these hole states to have the same zero-field energy and to undergo nearly identical Stark shifts. Absorption–coefficient changes of up to 104 cm−1 were readily achieved with applied biases under 15 V, suggesting potential applications to optical modulator devices.


Dear Editor, Isolated sural nerve neuropathies are rare. With the exception of surgery-related complications, in most cases, the cause is either trauma or compression. The nerve may be compressed at the calf, the ankle, or the lateral aspect of the foot. It may be damaged at the calf because of the nerve lacerations, compression by tight socks, compression by hard surfaces, by Baker's cysts or by a neuroma of the sural nerve (Gross et al., 1980; Reisin et al., 1994; Refaeian et al., 2001; Katirji et al., 2002). We comment on two patients we have diagnosed with sural nerve neuropathy. A 24-year-old man, who lifted a heavy boat, noticed numbness at his right ankle and the lateral aspect of his right foot 1–2 h after the incident. Neurologic examination was normal except for loss of cutaneous sensation of the paresthetic region. Electrophysiologic examination was performed with a Medelec Sapphire 4 ME electromyogram (EMG)-evoked potential device. On the right side, no sural nerve response could be obtained by antidromic study via stimulation at the leg recordings at the lateral malleolus. The response was normal at the left side. The recordings of the bilateral peroneal and tibial motor nerves, right peroneal superficial nerve, right medial plantar nerve, and right ulnar and median nerves were normal. Right lower leg results of needle EMG study were normal. Sural nerve somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) study via stimulation at the lateral malleolus and recordings at the scalp (Cz0-Fz) revealed latencies 42.6 ms for P1 at the left side and an abnormally long latency of 46.6 ms on the right side. A 46-year-old man presented with numbness of the lateral aspect of his right foot after sprain during running. He noticed a strong pain in his foot for 1 h, and thereafter, he noticed numbness of the lateral aspect of his right foot but also indicated that he was feeling a sharp pain in the same region. Neurological examination was normal. Electrophysiological study on the right side revealed no sural nerve response by antidromic stimulation. The response was normal at the left side. Other measurements of nerve conductivity were normal. The EMG response of the right lower extremity was normal. The sural nerve SEP via stimulation at the lateral malleolus and recordings at the scalp (Cz0Fz) revealed normal bilateral P1 latencies and amplitudes. This patient had personal and family history (mother) of thyroid disease. Routine blood tests were normal. In sural nerve mononeuropathy, there may be pain and loss of sensation at the ankle and at the lateral aspect of the foot. This picture may lead the physician to the misdiagnosis of S1-radiculopathy. Normal muscle strength and presence of intact deep tendon reflexes may be helpful in the diagnosis as may be electrophysiologic examination of the amplitude of the sural sensory response at the affected site, which may be diminished or absent while other electrophysiologic measurements and needle EMG studies are normal (Katirji et al., 2002). The fact that we could not obtain the sural nerve response at the affected site and the exclusion of radiculopathy and polyneuropathy via the electrophysiological studies in our first patient led us to the diagnosis of isolated sural nerve neuropathy. The synchronized onset of the patient's complaints with a trauma also contributed to the diagnosis, which is supported by delayed sural SEP latencies at the affected site. The synchronized onset of the patient's complaints with trauma, the feeling of numbness in the innervation area of the sural nerve and the fact that we could not obtain the sural nerve response at the same site led us to the same diagnosis in the second patient. We think that the isolated sural neuropathy was related to the trauma. According to our knowledge from previous studies, only one patient with sural neuropathy underwent sural SEP. In one of our cases, the amplitude at the affected side was normal, but the P1 latency was longer in comparison with the normal side. In the other case, we obtained normal responses on the affected side. Because it is possible to perform SEP's with normal or long latencies in patients with serious Address correspondence to: Dr. Buket Oflazoglu, Cafera ga mah, Bahariye cad, Sokullu Sok, Çakiro glu Apt. D:7, Kadiköy, Istanbul, 34710 Turkey. Tel: þ90-216-449-31-52; Fax: þ90-216-631-70-68; E-mail: g.b.oflazoglu@ superonline.com Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System 10:392–393 (2005)


This research was undertaken to investigate the perception of society whom living
at Kota Samarahan District towards juvenile delinquents. The study also aim to identify
the relationship between society' education level and their perception towards social
problems among the juveniles. A total of 120 adults were selected randomly. Data were
collected using questionnaire but only 100 questionnaires were jkendy complet4 and
returned back to researcher successfully. Data were analysed using SPSS (statistical
package for Social sciences) computer programmes especially frequency analysis and chisquare.
From the findings, it showed that generally the society at Kota Samarahan were
aware and concern towards social problems that always occur among the juveniles. The
results showed that the gruelling problem, school's truancy and shifting the glue became
the dominant of deviant behaviour that done by youths at Kota Samarahan. Besides that,
the research finding also showed that Kota Samarahan's society have been practised the
authoritarian attitude in disciplinary their child especially the youths. There also showed
that the educational level not associated significantly with society's perception toward
social problem among the juveniles.


The recognition heuristic assumes that people make inferences based on the output of recognition memory. While much work has been devoted to establishing the recognition heuristic as a viable description of how people make inferences, more work is needed to fully integrate research on the recognition heuristic with research from the broader cognitive psychology literature. In this article, we outline four challenges that should be met for this integration to take place, and close with a call to address these four challenges collectively, rather than piecemeal.


"ISLAM IN THE MODERN WORLD" -to study, appreciate, and interpret the religion of Islam as a contemporary and living force; and to understand its modern interactions with political, economic, and other social and psychological factors; in the Arab World, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Indonesia. Muslims and Christians will participate in both the teaching and research, jointly. Fellowships ($1250) available for graduate students; Research Associateships (post-doctoral) and Assistantships (stipend plus two-way travelling expenses between the Orient and Montreal) available to qualified Muslims.


The rabbit cardiac/slow twitch muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA2) gene encodes a Ca transport pump whose expression is regulated during skeletal and cardiac muscle development and in response to various pathophysiological and hormonal states. Employing transient transfection analyses in Sol8 muscle cells, we have identified two positive regulatory regions, one distal (−1810 base pair (bp) to −1110 bp) and one proximal (−284 bp to −72 bp), within the SERCA2 promoter. The proximal promoter region from −284 bp to −80 bp was shown to confer muscle-specific expression to a heterologous promoter in Sol8 cells. This region is highly GC-rich containing the consensus sequence for four Sp1 elements (GGGCGG) and three Sp1-like elements (GGGAGG). DNase I footprint analysis with Sol8 nuclear extracts and purified Sp1 protein showed the protection of the seven Sp1 binding sites. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis of the Sp1 consensus sites demonstrated that Sp1 sites are essential for the muscle-specific expression of the SERCA2 promoter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cotransfection of an Sp1 expression vector together with SERCA2-CAT constructs can up-regulate SERCA2 promoter activity. These results imply that the Sp1 transcription factor plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of SERCA2 within muscle cells.


According to heat transfer theory and thermal network method, taking the spiral bevel gear transmission system of a helicopter tail reducer as research object, considering the influence on the temperature caused by all kinds of heat transfer, the calculation model of the temperature field Simulink simulation was established. Based on the model, the temperature curve varying with time was calculated in the normal lubrication. Through contrast and analysis with the traditional algorithms of the steady-state temperature field, the results show that the model is more accurate and reliable. Because the model can calculate the temperature field of time-varying process, it can be used to analysis the transient temperature field. Therefore, it has very important significance in thermal characteristics analysis and lubrication design of gear transmission system.


It is not an exaggeration to say that there is no national economy and economic network that has not been penetrated by modern information technologies. Modern information and computer technologies are rapidly entering the educational process. This article is devoted to the analysis of modern methods of evaluating the effectiveness of information technologies in the development of education.


It enumerated the sand thickness(expressed as a fineness modulus) and fresh concrete effect level test.The results show that the sand thickness of fresh concrete sand ratio,dosage of water-reducers agent,workability has a significant effect,but the impact on the strength of concrete is not obvious.When the sand fineness modulus is fixed,Dont match at the same level of the sand concrete sand ratio,losage of water reducing agent,also has effect on the workability,show that particle excessive concentration distribution in a level1 or level 2 adjacent or particle into discontinuous distribution influence.Therefore fineness modulus is only representing the degree of mechanism sand thickness of macro indicators.Fail to reflect the real situation of grain size distribution.Decided to sand quality stand or fall of intrinsic factor is the grain size distribution.Production should be strictly controlled.In order to improve concrete strength and workability,should try to make the grading curve skeleton dense characteristics.


The acetonides, cyclic carbonates, or cyclic sulfites of γ,δ-dihydroxy (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters have been found to undergo facile reductive cleavage with samarium diiodide or magnesium in methanol to provide δ-hydroxy (E)-β,γ-unsaturated esters or δ-hydroxy esters, respectively. Using the δ-hydroxy ester 3b as a chiral synthon, (–)-5-hexadecanolide, the pheromone of the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis was synthesized.


abstract:Critics invested in Charles Macklin as an Irish playwright have tended to focus on Love à la Mode (1759) and The True-Born Irishman (1761), while those interested in theater censorship have centered their discussion on The Man of the World (1781) but have ignored his Irish background. This essay offers a more nuanced assessment of Macklin's ethnopolitics by bringing these two different emphases into dialogue. David O'Shaughnessy argues that Macklin was an influential figure who, if contextualized within a sustained tradition of London Irish Whiggery, helps make the case for considering the theater as one of the primary institutional structures of the Irish Enlightenment.


Chemical data collected for groundwaters from the Bangladesh National Hydrochemical Survey give useful information about the inorganic groundwater quality and the regional variations but interpretation is limited by the range of determinands analysed. More detailed analysis of the national survey samples, including anion, trace-element and isotopic analysis, was beyond the scope of the project. However, these parameters are of great potential value in assessing hydrogeochemical processes in the aquifers and for this reason, three Special Study Areas were chosen in which to carry out more detailed groundwater chemical analysis. These study areas were also the focus of mineralogical and sediment chemistry investigations, groundwater monitoring and flow modelling. The areas chosen were the headquarter (sadar) upazilas of the Districts of Lakshmipur, Faridpur and Nawabganj (Figure 7.1). Samples were also collected from Shibganj, the neighbouring upazila to Chapai Nawabganj headquarter upazila (Nawabganj District) and Chatkhil (neighbouring upazila to Lakshmipur headquarter upazila). The areas were selected as they have recognised arsenic problems, are distributed widely across


Due to the world of the oncology is more and more complex, it has been necessary that, the clinical psychologist who takes care of children and adolescents with cancer, get specialized. The peculiarities of the childhood make the treatment of cancer different from the one for adults. The tumours that occur during childhood usually are not the same that those that take place in the adult life. The medical treatment is different. The necessary care might also differ. The follow-up and control of these patients is necessary. Due to their early age, there still are bounded to their parents and family. Their needs as a patients are also different. The psychological intervention –in the different phases of the treatment– of the oncological child and adolescent will have to consider that they are subjects in permanent development. For that reason, they require different methods of psycho-diagnosis and therapeutic approach. As the key moments in the process of the disease are the diagnosis, the treatment and the remission, there is psychological intervention throughout all these phases. For this, it is necessary to develop programs of multidisciplinary work.


This paper considers the problem of pilot design for compressive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation. In particular, we are interested in estimating the channels for multiple transmitters simultaneously when the pilot sequences are shorter than the combined channels. Existing works on this topic demonstrated that tools from compressed sensing theory can yield accurate multichannel estimation provided that each pilot sequence is randomly generated. Here, we propose constructing the pilot sequence for each transmitter from a small set of deterministic sequences. We derive a theoretical lower bound on the length of the pilot sequences that guarantees the multichannel estimation with high probability. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.


The feasibilit y of fly as h as compared to lime to ameli orate the low pH of acidi c coal mine spoi ls under controlled pot culture conditions are reported using Sudan grass (Sorghum sudan ells ) and Oats (Avena sativa) as indicator crops. It is observed th at at all levels of application s, fly as h and lime significantly in crease the pH of mine s poil s, availabl e phosphoru s, exchangeabl e potassium, avail able sulphur and also uptake of phosphoru s, potassium, sulphur and oven-dri ed biomass of both these test crops. The fly ash significantly decreases the bulk density of coal mine spoil s, but , there is no effec t on bulk density du e to lime app li cation. However, when th e s poil s are amend ed with either fl y as h or lime, th e root growth occurs th ro ughout the material. Fly as h and lime do not cause e lemental toxi citi es to th e plants as evidenced from the dry matter production by th e test crops. The results indi cate th at fl y ash to be a potenti al alt ernative to lime for treatin g acidic coal mine spoils.


The two stars in TOI-1338 emit gravitational waves with a frequency of 1 . 58 µ Hz, which can be measured here on Earth. The decoding of the phase modulations of the GW shows seven companions (cid:21) two of which were discovered using electromagnetic waves. The orbital times (cid:28)t very well with the predictions of Dermott's law. The physical interpretation of the result of the phase modulation is di(cid:30)cult, but allows the masses of the planets to be estimated.


Motivation is a key stone of sport success at all athletes' skill levels. The change in direction and intensity of motivation in sport can lead to negative impact in athletic preparation, up to a point of dropping out from competitive sport, especially among young female athletes. Due to the different requirements and structure of individual vs team sport it may be a cause that influences the sport motivation of young athletes. Therefore, the major aim of this research is to investigate the differences in motivational dynamics among young female athletes participating in judo as a representative of individual sport and in basketball as a representative of team sport. This investigation has been conducted focusing on the motivational pattern involved in joining and continuing participation in the sport activity, as well as the obstacles athletes face during their athletic careers. Participants included 188 girls who practice regularly in a competitive setting as part of a national project for advancing women's sport. They participated in basketball (n = 94) and judo (n = 91) and were divided into three age groups: 8–10 (young, n = 53): 11–13 (middle, n = 84) and 14–17 (adult, n = 48). Participants completed the modified Gould, Feltz, and Weiss (1985) questionnaire for examining young athletes' reasons for participating in sports which was tailored to the research objectives. Factor analysis revealed different interpretable factors for each section of the questionnaire. A two-way ANOVA's with repeated measures (2 b/j x 3 age groups) and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni adjustments were conducted to investigate differences between basketball and judo athletes across age groups in their motivation to start, to continue, and the obstacles they face. Results revealed that the motivation to start and continue sport participation was higher among basketball athletes compared with judo athletes. In addition, the judo athletes faced stronger obstacles compared to basketball athletes. Additional differences were revealed among the age groups in both sport disciplines. Results are discussed while considering the dynamic of motivational dispositions. Special attention is given to the importance of understanding what is the appropriate and specific psychological support based on variables such as sport discipline, motivational pattern, and age of young female athletes.