The effect of an applied static electric field on trapped beam electrons in a traveling wave tube has been observed. In particular, it was found that the wave power can be increased. It was found that beam space charge can play an important role in limiting the wave-power enhancement, and that the wave enhancement is strongly dependent on the rf input drive level. By launching large-amplitude waves over 10 dB of enhanced wave growth has been observed.


One of the biggest problems in Indonesia is corruption. Many regulations were issued as efforts to overcome it. This research aims to findout the role of local wisdom within Sundanese hymns in constructing mental and spiritual strength of superior human resource and its contribution in creating a corruption-free Indonesia. The data of this research were taken from Ahmad Sujai"s Arabic and Sundanese anthology from the Priangan culture of West Java. The methods used in this research were an observation, interview, and documentary study of aArabic book entitled Irsyadul "Awam Ila Sabilis Salam. We found that corruption is conducted by an individual or a group from any level of society. Corruption deviates from any rule of law, religion, as well as norms. Local wisdom in the form of Sundanese has a psychological and therapeutic effect as a counselling guidance to embed anobility of soul, achievenoble values, think brilliantly, know God, carry out His orders and avoid His prohibition, become His lover, believe in God as The Protector, not become narrow-minded, wish for His blessings, live in simplicity and avoid destructive behaviors,such as being greedy and corruption. Therefore, were commend that empowering local wisdom through Sundanese hymns, early and massively, might have apositive implication in preventing corruption in any sectors of life.


It Is proposed that a theory of cryptography covering both substitution and transposition ciphers in a general way be considered so as to not overlook, various characteristics of cipher systems. A cipher consists of correspondence classes and their sequence, the classes being roughly equal to equivalence classes in algebra. Examples are given.


Juices made from tomatoes containing antisense genes for the enzymes polygalacturonase (PG(as)) and pectin esterase isoform 2 (PE(as)) were compared to those made from normal fruit. The juice from the PG(as) fruit was thicker than that from the normal fruit. This increased viscosity was shown to develop in a time-dependent manner and may involve the continued action of PE in the juice post-homogenisation. The liquid phases of the juices did not differ greatly in viscosity and chemical composition indicating that it was the difference in the amount and nature of the solids that was responsible for the differences in consistency. Confocal microscopy and image analysis supported this hypothesis, showing that there were more intact cell-like structures present in the juice from genetically manipulated fruit. © 1998 SCI.


This paper describes a new technique which measures the extent of light penetration into a skin by measuring the force applied on the source and detector to push them deep into the skin for NIR Spectroscopy. The current research analyses the transmitted or reflected light from the skin on an account of how much force was applied to push the transmitter and receiver and the result shows a linear increase in both the quantities. To achieve this, a new device has been prepared containing two different LEDs having different wavelength surrounded by four different photodiodes. To measure the force, a stain gauge has been installed on the opposite sides. The sensing unit is followed by the signal conditioning and microcontroller circuit. In addition to this, the paper also shows the waveforms of PPG signal in accordance with the applied increased pressure and shows different types of shapes with different applies pressure.


Objective To observe the effect of cisplatin combined with etoposide on the proliferation and cell cycle of human ovarian carcinoma cell line,and investigate the mechanisms.Methods Ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was interfered with cisplatin and etoposide in different concentration for 24 h.The proliferation inhibition rate was measured by MTT,the cell cycles were analyzed by the flow cytometry,the Cyclin B1,p34cdc2 and survivin were determined by immunohistochemistry method.Results Etoposide combined with different concentration cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cell,S and G2~M phase cell percentage increased,while G0~G1 phase decreased,the expression of Cyclin B1,p34cdc2 and survivin were decreased.Conclusions Etoposide combined with cisplatin shows significant synergistic inhibition on SKOV3 cell line,the mechanism may be related with the degressive expression of Cyclin B1,p34cdc2 and survivin.


Based on re-expanded basis functions in the given interval method a strict solution of the problem has been obtained. The presence of a dielectric shifts the direction of the main maximum in the diagram of scattering and causes a significant effect upon the backscatter cross section of the structure.


Several high-profile sites on UNESCO's World Heritage List can now be hired by the wealthy for a wedding or a private party. Does this trend risk tarnishing these places of great cultural value? "No," says Alfredo Conti, Argentinian architect and heritage conservation specialist. According to him, it could even be a way to initiate a new section of the public into the cultural fold.


It is a contradiction to establish the socialist market economy system in which the market subjects pursue maximum profit with the background of traditional culture of valuing ethics and ignoring profit.This paper attempts to explain whether this contradiction is opposite or can be reconciled.On the one hand, pursuing profit in the market economy excludes ethics and leads to moral risks, on the other hand ethics lessens the trade costs in the market,thus searching for harmony between profit and ethics is the way of market economy's development.


The phenomenon of transparency in two-dimensional and three-dimensional superlattices is analyzed on the basis of the Boltzmann equation with a collision term encompassing three distinct scattering mechanisms (elastic, inelastic, and electron-electron) in terms of three corresponding distinct relaxation times. On this basis, we show that electron heating in the plane perpendicular to the current direction drastically changes the conditions for the occurrence of self-induced transparency in the superlattice. In particular, it leads to an additional modulation of the current amplitudes excited by an applied biharmonic electric field with harmonic components polarized in orthogonal directions. Furthermore, we show that self-induced transparency and dynamic localization are different phenomena with different physical origins, displaced in time from each other, and, in general, they arise at different electric fields.


Fertilized eggs of Fucus evanescens were cultured with actinomycin D, chloramphenicol, uracil, and 2-thiouracil. As a result, the following was obtained.1. Differentiation of the rhizoid protuberance and its primary elongation are inhibited by actinomycin D and also by chloramphenicol, and are accelerated by uracil. 2-thiouracil does not affect the both.2. Further elongation is also inhibited by actinomycin D and by cholramphenicol, and is accelerated by uracil. A striking feature at this stage is that the rhizoid is ramified dichotomously by 2-thiouracil.3. It seems that successive synthesis of messenger RNA and protein is necessary for differentiation and subsequent elongation of the rhzioid, and each stage is mediated by different messengers and proteins. So that, the development ceases if the new synthesis is blocked by actinomycin D or by chloramphenicol, and the effect of 2-thiouracil occurs only in the secondary stage of elongation.


A new method was established for determining SudanⅠ-Ⅳin food by gas chromatography-mass spectrum with selected ion monitor(GC-MS/SIM).The conditions of GC-MS were optimized,and the selected ions were m/z77,105,115,143,176,247,248,261,352,380,respectively.The interfer-ences caused by the impurities in food could be avoided by this method.The linear range of the determination SudanⅠandⅡwere0.01-10mg/Lwith a determination limitof1μg/kg.The linear range of the determi-nation SudanⅢandⅣwere0.1-10mg/L with a determination limit of5and10μg/kg.The recovery range was86%-95%and the RSD was less than6.1%.The method has been proved to be reliable and accurate.It has been applied to the determination of SudanⅠ-Ⅳin food with satisfactory results.


The problem of fault detection and isolation (FDI) in cooperative manipulators is addressed in this paper. Four FDI procedures are developed to deal with free-swinging joint faults, locked joint faults, incorrectly measured joint position, and incorrectly measured joint velocity. Free-swinging and locked joint faults are isolated via neural networks. For each arm, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is used to reproduce the dynamics of the fault-free robot. The outputs of each MLP are compared to the actual joint velocities in order to generate a residual vector which is then classified by an RBF network. The remaining faults are isolated based on the kinematic constraints imposed on the cooperative system. Results obtained via simulations and via an actual cooperative manipulator robot are presented.


1. Bates C., Farsalinos K. Research letter on e-cigarette cancer risk was so misleading it should be retracted. Addiction 2015; 110: 1686–7. 2. Nitzkin J. L., Farsalinos K., Siegel M. More on hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1575. 3. Tierney P. A., Karpinski C. D., Brown J. E., Luo W., Pankow J. F. Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids. Tob Control 2015. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052175 [E-pub ahead of print] (accessed 19 May 2015). 4. Felton R. E. What flavoring can do to improve sales of tobacco products. World Tob 1972; 38: 147–8. Available at: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bao74a99/pdf. 5. Leffingwell J. C., Young H. J., Bernasek E. Tobacco Flavoring for Smoking Products. Winston-Salem, NC: R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company; 1972. 6. von Castelmur H. Smoking material and the process of making the same. U.S. Patent 3938531 A. Tamag Basel AG, Basel, Switzerland; 1976. 7. Jensen R. P., Luo W., Pankow J. F., Strongin R. M., Peyton D. H. Hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 392–394. 8. Pilidis G. A., Karakitsios S. P., Kassomenos P. A., Kazos E. A., Stalikas C. D. Measurements of benzene and formaldehyde in a medium sized urban environment. Indoor/outdoor health risk implications on special population groups. Environ Monit Assess 2009; 150: 285–94. 9. Pankow J. F., Strongin R. M., Peyton D. H. More on hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 1576–7.


The end-to-end assignment of bandwidth to node-pairs (demands) in a communication network can be considered fair if it is distributed according to the max-min fair (MMF) principle. This paper investigates the problem of obtaining an MMF allocation if each demand is required to use exactly one path (i.e., to use unsplittable flows). First it is shown that the problem is NP-hard, both if each demand may use an arbitrary path and also if each demand is restricted to use a path from a small, predefined (demand-specific) path-list. Then, a number of mixed integer programmingmodels are presented for the problem. These models constitute a basis for resolution techniques and are therefore examined in terms of computation times on a set of randomly generated problem instances. (Less)


A new progressive image transmission system was proposed in this research paper for effective usage of communication bandwidth. At first, the superpixel based saliency detection method was used for segmenting the foreground region from the background region, because it gives more saliency information of an image with the benefit of color contrast. Then, Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) was applied in the foreground image, which delivers A good quality of the image and also the compression ratio of the image was decent. Additionally, optimized neural network and modified Set Partitioned in Hierarchical Tree (SPIHT) algorithm were applied in the background image that delivers good rate distortion properties in the noise free environment and also enhances the image visual experience. In modified SPIHT, the sub-tree roots were not excluded that helps to encode and quantize the wavelet coefficients effectively. Also, it delivers more information to the image edges that effectively improves the subjective visual experience. Experiment report showed that the proposed work enhanced the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) upto 5dB compared to the existing work.


The ever-increasing production of digital textual data in a wide variety of forms presents both opportunities and challenges to researchers. The opportunities derive from the rich availability of secondary data with which to work. The challenges are the familiar ones of lack of time and resources to undertake the analysis. The qualitative researcher is often faced with a trade-off between analysing a large amount of textual data at a cursory level and selecting (sampling) a small subset of that data for deeper analysis. This paper describes a new computer-aided technique for automatically analysing large amounts of textual data. The approach is proposed as an addition and a complement to the existing computer-aided qualitative data analysis software methods rather than as a substitute. The technique needs little investment either financially or in terms of learning to use the software. The particular software used has been developed principally for knowledge-management purposes; however it has clear potential for researchers. Examples of the use of the technique are given as well as suggestions for further applications. The paper also weighs the advantages and disadvantages of the technique compared with more familiar approaches.


How well a GPS receiver peiforms that is, how precisely it call measure the pseudorange and carrier phase -largely depends all how much noise accompanies the signals in the receiver's trackillg loops. The more liaise, the worse the pelfo/7/wnce. This liaise either comes from the receiver elecrrollics itself or is picked up by the receiver's antenna. In this month's article, we '1/ take a look ar noise, discuss irs causes, and assess irs effect 0 11 rhe GPS observables. "fnnovaTion" is a regular column fea turillg discussions about recent advances ill GPS technology and its applications as well as aboUl the fundamentals of GPS positiolling. The column is coordinaTed by Richard Langley of the Depa/'tmenr of Geodesy alld GeomaTics Engineering ar the Universiry of New Brunswick, who appreciates receiving your comrnents as well as suggestiolls of topics for future columns. To contact him. see the "Columnists" section on page 4 of this issue.


The efficacy of risankizumab (RZB), an interleukin 23 p19 inhibitor, in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported. Normalisation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and faecal calprotectin (FCP) are intermediate treatment targets in CD. Here, we evaluated changes in these objective inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes with RZB treatment.

 In 2 phase 3, randomised, double-blind studies (ADVANCE, NCT03105128; MOTIVATE, NCT03104413), patients with moderately to severely active CD received 12-week intravenous (IV) RZB induction therapy or placebo (PBO). Patients with clinical response to RZB IV induction were rerandomised in a 52-week maintenance study (FORTIFY, NCT03105102) to receive subcutaneous (SC) RZB or PBO (ie, RZB withdrawal). Induction analyses included patients who received either 600 mg RZB IV or PBO for 12 weeks. Maintenance analyses included patients who received 360 mg RZB SC every 8 weeks or withdrawal (PBO SC) for 52 weeks. Outcomes assessed were normalisation of hs-CRP and FCP concentrations at week 12 of induction and at week 52 of maintenance in patients with elevated biomarkers at baseline (hs-CRP > 5 mg/L and/or FCP > 250 μg/g), clinical biomarker response (defined as enhanced clinical response [≥ 60% average daily stool frequency (SF) decrease and/or ≥ 35% average daily abdominal pain score (APS) decrease] and ≥ 50% reduction in hs-CRP or FCP), and clinical biomarker remission (defined as clinical remission per CD Activity Index or SF/APS criteria and normal hs-CRP or FCP) during maintenance treatment. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing data.

 Greater proportions of patients receiving RZB vs PBO achieved normalisation of hs-CRP and FCP at the end of the 12-week induction period and the 52-week maintenance period (P < .0001 for all; Table). Among patients with clinical response to RZB IV induction and entered maintenance, rates of clinical biomarker response were maintained through week 52 in patients receiving 360 mg RZB SC and declined over time among patients in the withdrawal (PBO SC) arm (Figure A). Rates of clinical biomarker remission increased over time in patients receiving 360 mg RZB SC. At week 52, clinical remission and normalisation of hs-CRP or FCP was achieved by 41% of patients receiving RZB vs 28%–29% of patients in the withdrawal (PBO SC) arm (Figure B-C). The safety profile of RZB in CD was previously reported.

 Normalisation of objective biomarkers of inflammation in CD was achieved with RZB induction and maintenance therapy. Improvements in both clinical outcomes and biomarker levels were sustained with continuous RZB maintenance therapy and decreased over time in patients discontinuing RZB.


The Fe-Cr-V hardfacing alloy containing 0.9%-1.5%C,13%-15%Cr and 1.0%-2.0%V was prepared for flux cored wire of submerged arc welding. The microstructure of hardfacing alloy was researched by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,etc.The effect of vanadium content and B4C in flux core on the properties of surfacing alloy was also studied.The microstructures of hardfacing alloy consist of ferrite,martensite and carbide such as(Cr,Fe)23C6.The micro-analysis with electron spectrometer show that the content of chromium and vanadium in grain boundary is richer than those in transgranular and the gap becomes bigger as WC content in flux core increases.The carbides distributing along grain boundary such as(Cr,Fe)23C6 appear strip or discontinuous network form, which caused by the precipitation of vanadium carbide.It plays a role as the skeleton to prevent cutting wear of abrasive particles and refrains from the strong brittleness of network carbide.Comparing to the deposited alloy of H25Cr3Mo2MnV solid wire,the abrasion resistance of Fe-Cr-V alloy was more deliberately excellent.


The flavonoids are aromatic secondary plant metabolites, which belong to the class of plant polyphenolics. Structurally they are heterocyclic π-electron systems built upon a C6H5(A)-C3-C6H5(B) flavone skeleton in which oxygen is the heteroatom. A group of flavonoids is differentiated in several classes according to the degrees of oxidation and unsaturation of the heterocyclic C ring. Because of the remarkable array of biological and pharmacological activities, physiolological effects, complexity of the biosynthesis and metabolism, possible industrial applications and constantly rising commercial interest and relevance in the processes involved in nutrition, flavours, and aromas flavonoids, especially anthocyanins and flavones, are receiving renewed attention of many researchers during the last decade. A considerable number of plants which contain flavonoids are reported to exert a wide range of positive health attributes, antimutagenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral, anti-thrombotic, and vasodilatory actions, mainly arising from their antioxidant ability. Anthocyanidins and their glycosylated forms, anthocyanins, as the most widely spread class of the flavonoids, are the most intensively colored substances responsible for the existence of the most red, blue and purple colours in flowers and fruits. Increasing public concern about the safety of synthetic food colorants influenced the greater prominence of these molecules. Anthocyanins have a very long history as a part of a human diet resulting in appreciation of good food quality, flavour identification and taste thresholds influencing food preference and acceptability. The fact that these molecules are one of the thirteen pigment classes, derived from natural sources, permitted in Europe emphasise the importance of their study.


Earthquake causes the shaking of the Earth's surface, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. The objective of the study has been to observe the displacement behavior of a structure under different earthquake excitations and static loading. A 9 story SAC (joint venture between the Structural Engineers Association of California, the Applied Technology Council and the California Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering) frame model is selected for this present study following LOS Angles method of FEMA-355C using the computer program SAP2000 v14. Different types of bracing systems namely: eccentric bracing and V bracing and also rubber base isolator have been incorporated into the structure accordingly. Excitations data from Fukushima and Corralit earthquake has been used as dynamic loading. A comparative study has been carried out amongst all the cases to observe different response under static and dynamic loading. Results showed that, the maximum displacement values are governed by the base isolated structure and the minimum displacement values are governed by the V braced structure for both static and dynamic loading. The maximum top displacement value of isolated structure is 1.7 inch & the minimum value is 0.003 inch for V braced structure. Again, maximum displacement value under static loading is 64.7 percent higher than that under Corralit earthquake. Finally, it can be said that, the structure has more displacement when it is subjected to static loading than being subjected to dynamic loading.


Bidding for construction projects is a very important and representative field in the industry. The system of bidding for construction projects has made considerable progress over the years due to the accumulation of experience and many contributions to the field. Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology and the intellectualization of the bidding system for construction projects, the accumulation and processing of data has become an essential element of its development. In order to manage the bidding system of construction engineering reasonably, this paper proposes a system based on image processing and pattern recognition technology, which can recognize patterns in the bidding process of construction engineering. Firstly, through binarization and other methods, the bidding project documents of construction projects are preprocessed in order to extract the main information from the documents; secondly, information is obtained through pattern recognition and processing; finally, the results of pattern recognition are imported into the bidding system, and the bidding information is quickly added to the database. This paper proposes a bidding system for construction projects based on image processing and pattern recognition. The system provides a quick and convenient means of importing the bidding information and allows personnel to efficiently process the bidding documents, particularly when there are numerous documents and and too much information. Finally, the user survey shows that the proposed bidding system based on image processing and pattern recognition can reduce the workload of construction project personnel, greatly facilitating the progress of the project.


Kinship Care is a relatively new, organized concept and increasingly popular alternative to foster care in the Ontario child welfare system. The field is currently developing policies and practices in terms of how kinship care can be standardized and implemented to provide more permanency to children identified to be in need of protection .. However, with the child welfare system operating within a larger system, there is a danger that the emergence of kinship care may re-produce the inequalities of women and their caring work. Similar to the foster care system, kin caregivers are mainly women yet the critical difference is these women are closely tied as kin to their external families who have reached out to them along with the child welfare agency with the expectation they provide care for kin children who cannot remain in the birth parent's home. This study has attempted to accurately examine and depict the experiences of 4 female kin caregivers in order to listen to their voices and gain a better understanding of their struggles in maintaining the autonomy and integrity of their extended families. The participants offer poignant examples in their stories of their strong maternal duty and commitment to care and how quickly the organizational structure can take advantage of their socially constructed place in the larger society. The interviews highlighted the fact that by way of societal expectations, the child welfare system in Ontario has inadvertently placed them in the centre of a panopticon, itself becoming the surveyor of these female kin caregivers. Due to the kin caregiver's gender and the social construction of maternal blame, the system intrudes to monitor how they parent their own kin. This in tum creates a perception or appearance that kin caregivers are less able to care and does not reflect a high social value. The findings highlight several implications for social work policy and practice and raises questions about the need to change some of the current practices of how we view kin caregivers. Furthermore, if there is to be a gaze upon kin caregivers due to bureaucratic obligations, the gaze must be a reciprocal one---one that identifies and sees injustices to kin caregivers with intent for resolution without judgment.


Abstract Some decidability results for presentations in the variety of Clifford monoids are obtained. These results are applied in the solution of the E-unitary problem for presentations in the variety of inverse monoids.


the largest manufacturers of this pesticide. An undetermined but apparently very large quantity of these wastes was released to the sewer system of the County Sanita tion Districts of Los Angeles County (csdlac) for up to two decades prior to 1970, when the input to the system was dis covered and stopped.1 Municipal and industrial wastewaters of this system undergo primary treatment at the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (jwpcp) before being discharged near Whites Point off Palos Verdes Peninsula. Unfortunately, reliable monitoring for ddt residues in jwpcp effluent did not begin until December 1970, after the release of these industrial wastes to the sewer system had ceased.2 Despite source control, sig nificant discharge of ddt compounds to the marine environment continued as the result


The particle motion in a standing left circularly polarized wave is studied. For wave frequency lower than the ion cyclotron frequency ¿ci, the slow varying trajectory is given by the ponderomotive force FNL=q2¿|E|2/[m¿(¿-¿ci)]. However, for ¿ close to ¿ci, stochastic trajectories occur. These stochastic trajectories are due to the overlapping of closed orbits due to each of the propagating waves which form the standing wave.


The collective behavior of bacterial populations provides an example of how cell-level decision making translates into population-level behavior and illustrates clearly the difficult multiscale mat...


The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute was established on Valentine's Day 1994, to honour the legacy of Australia's legendary heart transplant surgeon Victor Chang, who was tragically killed on 4 July 1991. The Institute, located on the St Vincent's Hospital precinct in Sydney, operates under the auspices of the Mary Aikenhead Ministries, is affiliated with the University of New South Wales and a member of the St Vincent's Research Precinct that consists of the Victor Chang Institute, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research. Honouring the memory and vision of Dr Chang, the Institute's team continue their research under a shared vision—to reduce the incidence, severity, and impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beginning with just two scientists in 1994, the Institute has grown to over 170 researchers, enjoys an international reputation for excellence in research and training, and is now one of the premier cardiovascular institutes in Australia, with state-of-the-art facilities spanning computational, molecular, biological, and clinical research. The Victor Chang Institute boasts an extraordinary network of >150 international collaborations, in addition to world-class facilities and internationally acclaimed faculty.


The commercial sector is a crucial and dynamic sector in Bahrain where it provides a lot of jobs and supports the national economy. This study examines the influences of human resource practices on the turnover intention of the commercial sector in Bahrain via the Baron-Kenny method. This method deigns the direct and indirect impact between human resource practices and turnover intention, where emotional exhaustion is served as a mediator. A self-administrated questionnaire is evolved and validated where the study is implemented on 200 commercial sector employees. The results are illustrated that there is a direct and indirect statistically significant influence of human resource practices on the turnover intention of the commercial sector. If emotional exhaustion exists in the model, the indirect influence of human resource practices on the commercial sector's turnover is more than one-half the direct influence. Furthermore, the existence of emotional exhaustion in the model increases the prognosticating of the model from 20 percent to 52 percent. This study sums up the studies that have empirically investigated a general model of emotional exhaustion as a mediator in the commercial sector and deems one of the few of its kind undertaken in Bahrain's commercial sector context.


Drug resistance is a serious issue for patients undergoing HIV treatment. An HIV-positive person produces as many as ten billion copies of the virus each day, and during the initial stage of infection while the immune system is still strong, those copies are eliminated in two and one half days. As the virus reproduces, it increases its opportunity to mutate and to become resistant to anti-HIV drugs. HIV resistance tests (or assays) are designed to detect many kinds of mutations; however, the one test to reach the market is limited to detecting mutations in the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Since these assays can only detect the drugs that are failing and not the drugs that work, patients are advised to begin a completely new drug regimen whenever drug resistance occurs. Causes of drug failure may include drug intolerance, altered intracellular metabolism, individual pharmacokinetic variations, incomplete viral suppression, and progressive immune decline. Noncompliance can also be a factor in developing drug resistance.


This article is devoted to the analysis of the digital transformation of the social reality. The profound changes associated with the emergence and rapid spread of a new technologies have a significant impact on social, political and cultural processes. Current technological changes are defined in the article as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. As a result of this revolution, a new information society is being formed, with new demands on institutions and the quality of the environment. The key features of the digital society have been formulated in the article: a new comprehension of social mobility, the concept of "risk society", a new understanding of human capital and the formation of the knowledge economy. In these conditions there is a need for a new understanding of possibilities to apply technological achievements for development of society. The article analyzes the concept of "Smart city" as one of the most popular concepts of territorial management in technogenic society. The evolution of the concept of "Smart city" is studied, the generalized definition of "smart city", the advantages and disadvantages of this urban development model and the possible risks associated with its implementation are formulated.


A subset ofR n is said to be evenly convex (e-convex, in breaf) if it is the intersection of some family (possibly empty) of open halfspaces. In this paper, we collect some published results which show that this large class of convex sets enjoys a lot of the well-known properties of the subclass of closed convex sets. We also consider functions whose epigraphs are e-convex sets, the so-called e-convex functions, and we show the main properties of this class of convex functions that contains the important class of lower semicontinuous convex functions.


This article examines the rise and fall of the "green revolution" philosophy developed by the National Catholic Rural Life Conference in the 1930s as a distinct strain of American environmentalism. After reviewing the evolution of the approach, its maturation around 1940, and its postwar marginalization, the article focuses on three aspects of the NCRLC. First is its ideology, as a "third way," a distributist alternative to socialism and capitalism. Second is the attempt to foster sustainable agricultural technologies by creating communitarian institutions in which the parish priest was central and by bringing an agrarian curriculum into Catholic higher education. Third is the attempt to ground this orientation toward sustainability in a distinctly Catholic nature spirituality, based on cyclicity rather than space.


Three major provisions of the present Philippine Constitution (1987) highlight Filipinos' high aspiration and priority for education.  First, it is concretely enunciated in Art. XIV Section 5, "The state shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education"; then in Section 1, "The state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all."  Third, Section 3 lists down the objectives of schools as "to inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love for humanity, respect for human rights, duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency."  Comparably, Education for conviviality is implicit in Art. II Declaration of Principles and State Policies Section 2 which states that, "The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and humanity with all nations."  Such provisions in the fundamental law serve as the legal bases and guiding principles for the education sector in planning and implementing its program.   The Department of Education is the principal agency of the government responsible for education and manpower development.  As embodied in Executive Order No. 117, s. 1987, the Department is primarily responsible for formulating, planning, implementing and coordinating the policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal and non-formal education at the elementary and secondary levels, and non-formal.  Equally the Department is mandated to supervise all educational institutions, both public and private; and provide for the complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to national development goals. At the Central Office of the Department are five service units namely: the Planning Service, Administrative Service, Human Resource Development Service and Technical Service. To assist the Secretary in initiating and formulating policies, standards and programs on curriculum development are the three bureaus: Elementary Education, Secondary Education, Alternative Learning System.  Other offices include the Educational Development Project Implementing Task Force (EDPITAF) and the NationalEducatorsAcademyof the Philippines (NEAP).  There is a pending legislation in Congress for the trifocalization of the education sector: Department of Basic Education for elementary and secondary education level, Commission of Higher Education (CHED) for colleges and universities and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) for vocational-technical education.  The Department has 17 Regional Offices:  the Ilocos regions (I), the Cagayan Valley Region (II), the Central Luzon Region (III), the Southern Tagalog Region (IV), Bicol Region (V), Western Visayan Region (VI), Central Visayas Region (VII), Western Visayas Region (VIII), Western Mindanao Region (IX), Northern Mindanao Region (X), Southern Mindanao Region (XI), Central Mindanao Region (XII), the Caraga Region, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), the National Capital Region (NCR), and the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).


The invention discloses a method automatically adjusting backlight luminance and relates to the technical field of the embedded device screen backlight luminance adjustment. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, sampling the ambient light intensity and obtaining the sampling data; secondly, performing smoothing treatment to the sampling data; thirdly, in the light of the corresponding relationship between the light intensity and the sampling data, obtaining the corresponding present light intensity level in accordance with the sampling data; fourthly, in accordance with the corresponding relationship between the light intensity and the sampling data, determining the present backlight luminance; fifthly, adjusting the backlight luminance in accordance with the present backlight luminance. The invention further provides a device automatically adjusting backlight luminance. The invention is suitable for handheld embedded devices such as mobile phone, PDA, etc. The invention not only can raise the adjusting precision by increasing the automatic light adjusting levels, but also can improve the user experience and can reduce the power consumption. The screen will not flicker even under the continuous ambient light change.


Here we demonstrate that from the combination of fundamental laser and noise it is possible to enhance harmonic intensities by 5 orders of magnitude with a modest noise-to-laser amplitude ratio.


Background: Mesotherapy involves the introduction of various therapeutic agents in microscopic quantity to the skin for various therapeutic applications. Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) increases the permeability of the adipocyte membrane and subsequent fat mobilization. Caffeine has an effect on adipocyte lipolysis via the inhibition of phosphoesterase, provoking an increase in adenosine mono phosphate (AMP), slow down lipogenesis (uptake of glucose and free fatty acids to synthesize triglycerides) and stimulate lipolysis. Our aim was to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of phosphtidylcholine, caffeine and mesotherapeutic cocktail (Phosphatidylcholine, Organic silicium, L-Carnitine, Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Pyruvate, Caffeine, Artichoke Extract, DMAE) in treatment of abdominal obesity. Patients and Methods: Low caloric diet, exercise and mesotherapeutic injection for abdominal subcutaneous fat: Phosphatidylcholine/Deoxycolate (PPC/DC) for group I, caffeine for group II, lipolytic cocktail for group III weekly for six weeks. Results: All groups showed statistically significant reduction regarding anthropometric measurements, ultrasonographic evaluation and lipid profile after treatment being highest in group III followed by group I followed by group II . Minimal side effects have been occurred except PPC group showed 50% local allergy. Conclusion: Mesotherapy is an effective method for adipolysis. Lipolysis cocktail allows the highest effect and the most safe drug for lipolysis.


The framework for designing and fabricating a slow-light waveguide structure with conical Swiss roll metamaterial core at Terahertz frequencies has been carried out in this article. In the earliest work, theoretical backgrounds based on Maxwell's equations have been developed for anisotropic single-negative permeability slab waveguides and anisotropic metamaterial slab waveguides. Subsequently, simulation results fulfilled by the MATLAB programming tool verify extremely low group velocities in the aforementioned slab waveguides in the Terahertz regime frequency. A volumetric conical Swiss roll metamaterial has been proposed as a practical achievement for slow-light waveguides. Dispersion characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the proposed conical Swiss roll metamaterial have been investigated using the CST simulation tool in Terahertz frequencies. Furthermore, a 2-D dispersion diagram fulfilled by CST and MATLAB validates highly electromagnetic field concentration as well as the presence of backward waves in the conical Swiss roll configuration.


"The presence of lead compounds in CANDU secondary water circuit contributes to the degradation of nickel alloys involved in critical equipments manufacturing, e.g. steam generator. The pre-oxidated Incoloy 800 specimens (the steam generator tubes material) have been tested in autoclave, in secondary simulated water medium conditions: pH=9.5, at 5.1 MPa presssure and 2600C temperature, in solutions containing 100, 200 and 300 mg/L PbO, the exposure time for each concentration being 10, 20 and 30 days. The specimens evaluation after testing have been realised through ex-situ and in-situ methods: metalography, electrochemistry (potentiodynamic and impedance), gravimetry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. It is investigated the influence of different PbO concentrations on tested specimens surface morphology (grain, layer thickness, layer composition) and on the corrosion susceptibility, resulting in increased corrosion tendency and loss of protective properties of films as the PbO concentration was higher."


Abstract The manipulation of flexible endoscopes is a procedure that requires great dexterity since it requires the synchronization and use of both hands in parallel. Imprecise handling during gastroendoscopy could harm the digestive tract. Our solution allows the physician to use only one hand to wirelessly control the forward, backward, and tip bending motion. The proposed system provides endoscopic vision and tactile impact force sensing at the tip to detect the force applied to tissue and thus avoid damage. We experimentally evaluate the handling of the robotic system in open space and inside a medical phantom. The results revealed a training effect with less time demand for task completion and reduction of average impact force after only 5 runs. The proposed system was successfully controlled using one hand and, together with the force information, could enhance the physician's experience during endoscopy. Future work will address axial control and an intensive user study with clinical experts.


Abstract : A study was made to determine practical, expedient methods of securing and containing surface-soil samples when soil sampling equipment is not available. Detailed examination of 24 cans, digging tests with three cans, and soil moisture-retention tests of eight types of covers indicated that any all- metal can makes a good tool for digging and containing surface-soil samples. A 12-oz beer can is judged to be a good choice for expedient surface-soil sampling because of its ubiquity, size, shape, sturdiness, and resistance to corrosion. A plastic cover that fits a round can snugly and two types of cloth-backed adhesive tape are considered to be effective covers for retaining the moisture in a soil sample in a can. Detailed procedures for surface-soil sampling are given.


Why should journalistic activities follow this instead of that kind of ethical rules? First of all,we should undertstand it from the internal basis of journalistic ethics.That is to say,journalistic ethics is a natural product developed during the process of journalistic activities.Good basis for ethics could be found only if we understand its nature correctly;The main basis for journalistic ethics can be found only if we can identify the overall and reasonable demand for news in certain society during certain period of time.The ultimate basis for journalistic ethics can be found only if we grasp both the ethics and the demand for news in the society.


1. In this paper I shall discuss and reject one of Jerry Fodor's attempts to defend reductive semantic dispositionalism against Saul Kripke's critique (Kripke 1982). Fodor's argument in question seeks to protect a sophisticated form of dispositionalism from the charge that it makes illegitimate use of idealization. Fodor argues that if we fault semantic dispositionalism for its use of idealization then we also must reject much of natural science. This is because, as Fodor maintains, natural science relies upon idealization in pretty much the same way as does semantic dispositionalism. In what follows, I shall argue that this claim is mistaken. I shall try to show that the use of idealization (and ceteris paribus clauses) in the sciences differs from the use of idealization (and ceteris paribus clauses) by semantic dispositionalism.


Title of Document: STORIES OF INFLUENCE: CRITICAL VALUES IN THE NARRATIVES OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING FOR SENIOR STUDENT AFFAIRS OFFICERS Robert Dwayne Kelly, Ph.D. 2005 Directed By: Professor Marylu K. McEwen, Department of Counseling and Personnel Services The intent of this study was to understand what senior student affairs administrators (SSAOs) identify as critical values in ethical decision-making. Through an interpretive approach, narrative inquiry, SSAOs were invited to share professional stories about ethical decision-making. Dewey (1908) discussed two dimensions of ethical decisions. He identified the public side that is shown to others and the private side that silently tests the individual. This private side, through the dialogue of data collection, was exposed and summarized in this dissertation. This interpretive study explored the values, not often discussed openly or shared with others, ten SSAOs considered in ethical dilemmas. Nash (1996) wrote that ethics are a set of principles that govern one's conduct be it privately or publicly. Through this study's examination of the private side of ethical decisions, I was able to learn what these SSAOs considered in their decision-making process. Analysis of the participants' interviews revealed two conclusions: 1. SSAOs consider a wide variety of ethical principles and values in the administrative work, including faith and spirituality, power and powerlessness, reputation and livelihood, and integrity and humanity. 2. SSAOs rely on cultivating relationships with others, especially with their presidents, so that others understand the ethical basis for a decision. These SSAOs were quite concerned not only with the perception of themselves as administrators, but also with how closely-linked relationships between supervisors and supervisees are to the actual process of ethical decisionmaking. Implications for this study include a recommendation that more graduate programs in higher education provide opportunities for graduate students to reflect upon their actions and the ethical behavior of others within internships and classes. Although prompted, these SSAOs relied on stories from their past to guide their ethical decision-making processes and enjoyed reflecting on their backgrounds as insights into their ethical decision-making. Racial background and gender played a role in the ethical decision-making processes of the SSAOs. Second, SSAOs are in need of supportive colleagues and confidants and should identify such individuals. Last, SSAOs need to examine the stories of their lives to recognize the values and principles that inform their ethical decision-making. STORIES OF INFLUENCE: CRITICAL VALUES IN THE NARRATIVES OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING FOR SENIOR STUDENT AFFAIRS OFFICERS


Objective To investigate the changes in natural kill cell and T lymphocyte subset counts after homologous and autologous blood transfusion Methods 30 ASA Ⅰ Ⅱ patients (20 male, 10 female) aged (49±16)yr, weighing (67±14)kg undergoing radical rectal, colon or stomach cancer surgery were randomly divided into two groups: group A received autologous blood transfusion and group H received homologous blood transfusion The patients′ preoperative Hb was 120g/L and hematocrit 0 35 The patients had no endocrine or immune disease and received neither radio , chemo nor hormone therapy Anesthesia was induced with propofol, midazolam, fentanyl and succinylcholine After tracheal intubation the patients were mechanically ventilated Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane inhalation and intermittent intravenous boluses of midazolam, fentanyl and vecuronium After operation the patients were transferred to recovery room and PCA was started when the patients were wide awake VAS was maintained at 2 4 Venous blood samples were taken before surgery, before blood transfusion and on the 1st and 5th postoperative day for determination of T lymphocyte subsets and natural kill cell counts by flow cytometry (EPICS Elite USA) Results The two groups were comparable regard to sex, types of operation, intraoperative blood loss and volume of fluid infused The mean duration of operation of the two groups was (196±42) min The NK cell and CD + 3 and CD + 4 counts and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio before transfusion were not significantly different from those before operation in both groups The NK cell, CD + 3 and CD + 4 counts and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio decreased significantly on the 1st postoperative day in both groups but the decrease was more pronounced in group H On the 5th postoperative day the NK cell, CD + 3, CD + 4 counts and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio returned to preoperative level in group A but remained low in group H Couclusions Perioperative homologous blood transfusion has serious and prolonged inhibitory effects on patient′s immune function In autologous blood transfusion group the changes are milder and the recovery is more rapid as compared with those in group H


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Homoclinic Spike adding in a neuronal model in the presence of noise IBIYINKA FUWAPE, ALEXANDER NEIMAN, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, ANDREY SHILNIKOV, Georgia State University, Atlanta — We study the influence of noise on a spike adding transitions within the bursting activity in a Hodgkin-Huxley-type model of the leech heart interneuron. Spike adding in this model occur via homoclinic bifurcation of a saddle periodic orbit. Although narrow chaotic regions are observed near bifurcation transition, overall bursting dynamics is regular and is characterized by a constant number of spikes per burst. Experimental studies, however, show variability of bursting patterns whereby number of spikes per burst varies randomly. Thus, introduction of external synaptic noise is a necessary step to account for variability of burst durations observed experimentally. We show that near every such transition the neuron is highly sensitive to random perturbations that lead to and enhance broadly the regions of chaotic dynamics of the cell. For each spike adding transition there is a critical noise level beyond which the dynamics of the neuron becomes chaotic throughout the entire region of the given transition. Noise-induced chaotic dynamics is characterized in terms of the Lyapunov exponents and the Shannon entropy and reflects variability of firing patterns with various numbers of spikes per burst, traversing wide range of the neuron's parameters Ibiyinka Fuwape Ohio University, Athens Date submitted: 16 Dec 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


As a scholarship holder I want to thank the support from the Agencia Espanola de
Cooperacion Internacional y Desarrollo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (MAE – AECID),
because it gives me the opportunity to study in the Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica of the
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC).
I also want to thank to the Grup de Tecniques de Separacio i Tractament de Residus
Industrials (SETRI) of the UPC, especially to Professor Adriana Farran for her guidance
throughout this work.
My entirely gratitude to Professor Jose Luis Cortina and Professor Cesar Valderrama who let
me know how to develop this experimental work. Also to my colleagues, I really appreciate
all the experiences we share in the laboratory during these months.
Thanks to my family, Carmen, Pedro, Vanessa and Cristian for they support. Also I want to
thanks the most to Galo, who is part of this project.


Local Attentional Bias Increases Approach Motivation: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials and Frequency Analyses. (May 2010) Philip Arvis Gable, B.A., Ouachita Baptist University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Eddie Harmon-Jones Over twenty years of research have examined the cognitive consequences of positive affect states, and suggested that positive affect leads to a broadening of cognition. However, this research has primarily examined positive affect that is low in approach motivational intensity (e.g. contentment). In my program of research, I have systematically examined positive affect that varies in approach motivational intensity, and found that positive affect high in approach motivation (e.g. desire) narrows cognition, whereas positive affect low in approach motivation broadens cognition. In this dissertation, I will review past models and present a motivational dimension model of affect that expands understanding of how affective states influence attentional and cognitive breadth. I then review a body of research that has varied the motivational intensity of positive and negative affect and found that affect of low motivational intensity broadens cognitive processes, whereas affect of high motivational intensity narrows cognitive processes. Furthermore, a bi-directional link exists between attentional narrowing and approach motivation, such that a narrowed attentional focus causes greater approach motivation toward appetitive stimuli, as compared to a broadened attentional focus.


The cytogenetic effects of short‐term in vitro exposure of rat bone marrow cells to benzene and its derivatives were studied. The used benzene concentrations ranged from 0.001 to 200 mM, while those of phenol, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene ranged from 0.001 to 100 mM. Each chemical was individually added for either 24 or 36 hr. No dividing cells were encountered in cultures treated with 200 mM benzene, 100 mM chlorobenzene or bromobenzene as well as with 10 mM phenol. The four derivatives of benzene, at both exposure periods, resulted in concentration‐dependent elevations in the incidence of sister‐chromatid exchanges. The relative potency was in the following order: Phenol > chlorobenzene = bromobenzene > benzene. Similarly, concentration‐and time‐related depressions in the mitotic and cell proliferation indices were observed. These data suggest that, under the present experimental conditions, phenol, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene might be genotoxic. Therefore, excessive exposure to these compounds is ...


Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare phenomenon for which 10% occur in the cerebellum. They occur in older adults and are associated with hypertension in the majority of cases. They have been reported in adolescents and young adults in association with arteriovenous malformations and angiomas. Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhaging, in the absence of trauma or any identifiable well-established risk factors, is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with a mortality ranging from 25-57%. A case of a 26-year-old male with a spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage is presented. He is a healthy young adult without identifiable risk factors for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) apart from marijuana use, which has not definitively been established as a risk factor. Several possible etiology's are explored, and after nine years his post-event status is assessed.


The tensile properties of untreated and alkali treated betel nut husk fiber were investigated using single fiber tensile test method and the fiber structures were observed using SEM technique. The alkali treatment aids in the removal of lignin, hemicellullose and non-cellulosic components such as wax and pectin on the betel nut husk fiber surface, which yields bigger lumen size and rougher betel nut husk fiber surface. The alkali treatment enhanced the elongation at break of betel nut husk fiber but at the expense of tensile strength and Young's modulus.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic condition which involves the loss of articular cartilage, the cushion between joints that provides a smooth surface for the bones to glide. Three compounds that make up most of the articular cartilage are type II collagen, proteoglycans, and water. In OA there is an increase in collagenase activity that degrades collagens and proteoglycans necessary for healthy cartilage. The composition of the extracellular matrix changes in OA as evidenced by production of type I collagen. Previous studies in our lab have shown that primary cultures of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (HOACs) can be reared in serum‐free alginate culture but measurable extracellular matrix endpoints of the OA profile are dampened when chondrocytes isolated from sides of greater and least pathology in the joint are pooled together in culture. In this study, we obtained HOACs from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Femoral condyles and the tibial plateau were labeled greater or least pathology, determined by gross anatomical observation, the cells were isolated and plated separately in three‐dimensional, twelve‐well, alginate cultures at a density of 1.8 × 106 cells per 0.5 mL. Samples were treated for 48 hours from day of plating with either 250nM Extracellular Matrix Protective Factor‐1 (ECPF‐1) or hyaluronic acid conjugated ECPF‐1 (HA‐ECPF‐1). Collagen I degradation and sulfated proteoglycan synthesis were measured in alginate‐associated matrix of the treated cultures. HOACs isolated from the side of greatest pathology responded to treatment by reducing collagen type I degradation (8.42ng/culture Control, 7.25ng/culture ECPF‐1 and 4.25ng/culture HA‐ECPF‐1) and increasing retention of sulfated proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix (0.36ug/culture Control versus 0.56ug/culture ECPF‐1 treated). These data confirm that 48 hour treatment in serum free HOAC culture is sufficient to measure the therapeutic efficacy of an OA drug intervention and that both formulations of ECPF‐1 can slow the progression of OA by altering production of sulfated proteoglycan and collagen type I.


This paper consists of research on the perception of school librarians in the professional public. The paper has shown that the problem of insufficient visibility of the school librarian's field is not of such importance in its professional public, contrary to the opinion of school librarians, and that the image of school librarians is positive, somewhat more positive in the educational public than in the library public. The paper also provides recommendations regarding the development of a communication strategy.


In this paper, the problem involving inviscid flow with a free surface over an undulating bottom is studied within the framework of linear theory. Applying perturbation analysis in conjunction with the Fourier transform technique, the boundary value problem arising from the flow problem is solved analytically. Behaviour of both interface and free-surface profiles, which are unknown at the outset, are analyzed. It is found that each profile (interface and free-surface) possesses a wave free region at the far upstream, followed by a modulated downstream wave. It also observed, for the first time, that the amplitude of the downstream wave is varying. Further, the effects of various system parameters are analyzed and demonstrated in graphical forms.


Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption may lead to endothelium dysfunction and inflammation in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, abnormalities of BBB in SCD, especially in pediatric patients for whom contrast agent administration less than optimal, have not been fully characterized.


This Worked Example on the signalising of small roundabouts relates to a design methodology suggested in Transport in Urban Environment (TUE), a publication being launched in June 1997 to replace Roads and traffic in urban areas. The design of signal-controlled roundabout systems can be complex, not least because of the difficulty of reconciling the need for high throughout with the achievement of good comprehension by drivers. The methodology outlined in TUE, and on which the Worked Example is based, involves the use of the TRANSYT program as an aid to design, and is suitable for roundabouts with most, or all, arms signalised.


A new operation strategy. which can guarantee the data consistency of engineering information among the various intelligent information systems, is presented for engineering information of bridges, and construction methodology of integrated database is developed to support the strategy. The two core standard techniques are adopted to construct the integrated database. One is the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) for CAD/CAE information and the other is the Extensible Markup Language(XML) for engineering document information. The former enabler structural engineers to handle the structural details with three-dimensional geometry-based information of bridges, and ACIS solid modeling kernel is employed to develop AutoCAD based application modules. The latter can make document files into data type for web-based application modules which assist end-users to search and retrieve engineering document data. In addition, relaying algorithm is developed to integrate the two different information, e.g. CAD/CAE information and engineering document information. The pilot application modules are also developed, and a case study subjected to the Han-Nam bridge is presented at the end of the paper to illustrate the use of the developed application modules.


In ad-hoc networks, routing is primarily concerned with connectivity. Present routing algorithms, proactive or on demand, source routing or table driven, typically characterize the network with a single metric such as hop count, and use shortest path algorithms to compute paths. These shortest-path based routing algorithms are not adequate for applications with quality-of-service requirements, such as bandwidth guarantees. First, we separate the underlying scheduling problem and quantify the feasibility of flows. This becomes the feasibility conditions of the proposed reliable routing mechanism. We present the mathematical abstraction of the existing routing scheme problem which allows the maximum reliability to the traffic in a flow to carry with maximum reliability for paths which are closest to the optimum level.


Packaging helps to protect the product and safety handover the product from producer to end user. When the packaging leaves the closed loop it creates environmental issues. Also, the material focused packaging development process creates trade-off among supply chain actors. The sustainable packaging would reduce the overall cost and environmental impact, increase the value of the packed product in the whole system. The project is handled by company X and the company is interested in knowing the sustainable packaging for a frozen meal. The purpose of the project is to select two types of the frozen meal packaging system and to analyse their packaging performance in the supply chain, and to find out the important packaging features of the supply chain that need to be considered while developing a sustainable frozen meal packaging system. Two types of packaging, i.e. carton frozen meal packaging system and plastic frozen meal packaging system were selected and mapped in the supply chain from the producer level to consumer level. The detailed activity mapping was established for each actor in the supply chain to understand the different stages and ways of packaging handling. Fifteen packaging features were identified under four areas: product waste, logistics, value adding and packaging material. The data was collected through interviews, observations and survey. The collected data was interpreted and analysed in packaging scorecard and scatter plot. The plastic packaging system performed better with producer and the carton packaging system performed better with all other supply chain actors. The packaging features such as product protection and production efficiency were given the highest importance by the producer. Volume and weight efficiency, convenience and packaging waste were given the highest importance by other supply chain actors. The convenience and packaging waste were given the highest importance by consumers. Further, the top 5 important packaging features were identified for the supply chain actors and for consumers, and found that the product protection, circular economy and convenience are most important features for the whole supply chain and for the frozen meal packaging system. The result suggests the carton based sustainable packaging system could be developed for the frozen meal, due to better handling of packed product and packaging waste. The development process could be carried out in a holistic view by incorporation the supply chain actor's requirements.


This article deals with search engines and their prospective developement. Apart from Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft, there are new alternative services that need to be analysed.


A case of a fifteen-year-old boy with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who developed primary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is presented. Such association is extremely rare in children. Searching the literature we identified only a few articles in which tuberculosis and thrombocytopenia were associated. It remains unclear whether chronic ITP and pulmonary TB are really an association or just a coincidence.


Network traffic is the major concern in distributed computing. To reduce this, mobile agent technology is used in the distributed environment. Even though mobile agent is used in the distributed environment, the traffic is not reduced more due to more number of dispatches or migration from the source host to the remote hosts. To reduce the traffic more than the simple mobile agent, the free roaming mobile agent model is introduced in the network. Despite from its advantage, free roaming mobile agent faces various security issues like colluded attacks, truncation attacks and more. We proposed the id verification model to protect the free roaming mobile agent against the colluded and truncation attacks. This paper also proposes the recovery model for free-roaming mobile agent and its collected offers by the K-response model. It is to improve the fault tolerance of the agent failure or agent occupied by the malicious host by identifying whether the agent is dispatched to next host or not.


A method to forecast when damage by Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) will first appear each spring was tested in Illinois during 1980 and 1981. The method uses pheromone trap catch data to initiate computer simulations, using a black cutworm phenology model (event simulator) and current temperature data from standard weather stations. The projections consistently fell within 4 days of detected first damage in all regions of Illinois where damage was prevalent and where the crop had emerged. Recommendations for use of the forecasting procedure to schedule pest scouting activities are outlined.


Electron-molecule collisions are among the most fundamental processes in gas discharges. They are also the precursors of the ions and the radicals which drive the etch, cleaning, or deposition processes in plasma reactors. Hence, there is a need for a quantitative understanding of the fundamental electron collision processes in tenns of cross sections. Unfortunately, cross sections for critical electron-collision processes often are not known. In this paper cross sections are reported for indirect (resonance enhanced) electron-impact vibrational excitation of the plasma processing gases CF4 and Cll' and for total electron scattering for CF4 below -1 eV. None of these cross sections are presently known from direct measurements. Their determination was made by a critical assessment of other electron collision cross sections for these molecules. Also reported are swarm-adjusted electron-beam attachment cross sections for Cl2 .


The image reading apparatus provided with a plurality of the image reading unit, a storage unit and an image processing unit. The image reading portion is provided with a plurality of light receiving elements, each of the light receiving elements arranged in the main scanning direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the original, the image reading portion is read in the original conveying direction at mutually different positions on the the image on the original is conveyed on the path of the original transmission. A memory unit for temporary image data on the image associated with each image data stored in each of a plurality of original image data obtained by the plurality of the image reading portion. The image processing unit comparing the plurality of interim image data for each pixel, and generates image data related to the image on the original based on the comparison.


On 14 April 1945 the editor of The Dictionary of National Biography, L.G. Wickham Legg, wrote to R.A. Fisher inviting him 'to contribute a life of Dr Karl Pearson for the D.N.B. (1931-40)'. 'The length suggested is 1600 words, and I should be glad if the copy could be in my hands by 31 December 1945'. Fisher replied on 26 April: 'Thanks for your letter. I will set to work and do what I can with the D.N.B. article for Karl Pearson which you suggest. I did not always get on very well with the subject of the notice, but certainly I have read his papers with more attention than most have been able to give them'.


As the development of the work (J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123 (10), 2362-2372) we have investigated the translational mobility in the same set of dried imidazolium-based ionic liquids [bmim]A (A = BF4¯, NO3¯, TfO¯, I¯, Br¯, Cl¯) in a wide temperature range using NMR technique. It is shown that for the [bmim]+ cation the temperature dependencies of the product Dη do not follow the Stokes-Einstein relation for most systems studied, i.e. there realized so-called "diffusion-viscosity decoupling". The correlation between local and translational mobility in pure ionic liquids (IL) of the [bmim][A] type was investigated using the data on NMR-relaxation rates and diffusion coefficients. The most recent hypothesis of "water pockets" in mixtures of IL with water is critically discussed. Considering the totality of data in literature and obtained here, we propose a specific model of the microstructure which may be applied up to water concentrations of 80÷90 mol % (the structure of water-rich solutions is out of our current consideration). To confirm the model molecular dynamics simulations of "IL-water" mixtures were also carried out.


On the basis of the methods of emergetic ecological footprint(EEF) which was advanced by Zhao et al.and Local Ecological Footprint by Gu et al.,this paper uses yield of regional biological resources to substitut biological consumptions.We compared our calculation with that of original ecological footprint and emergetic ecological footprint of a regional case.We select Dalian city of Liaoning province in northeast China as an example for the application of our study,and calculated ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity,ecological deficit,ecological footprint intensity index and ecological overshoot index.In this case the same conclusions were drawn from all methods that Dalian city runs an ecological deficit: 2.24,5.13 and 18.71 respectively.The largest EOI which produced by local emergetic ecological footprint(LEEF) was 62.91.


In times of economic restrictions — especially during the last decade — outsourcing has been used more and more as a way to meet short-term demands for better financial and operational results. However, it has been difficult to achieve satisfying results. This paper examines how an IT company using outsourcing was able to establish a partnership with its supplier, thus not only achieving its business goals but also assuring new competitive advantages based on a collaborative and strategic alliance.


BACKGROUND
Antiepileptic medication use affects reproductive endocrine function, but its impact on fertility is not well known.

METHODS
All epilepsy patients, who were approved as being eligible for reimbursement for antiepileptic drug (AED) costs from the Social Insurance Institution (SII) of Finland for the first time 1985-94, were identified from the SII database. A reference cohort without epilepsy was identified from the Finnish Population Register Centre. Information on AED purchases 1996-2000 was obtained from the SII database through computerized record linkage with the unique personal identification number assigned to all residents of Finland. The three AEDs included were carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine (OXC) and valproate.

RESULTS
Birth rate was lower in both men and women with epilepsy on AEDs than in the reference cohort without epilepsy. However, compared with patients not using AED during the study period, the birth rate was lowered only among men on OXC [rate ratio (RR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32, 0.84].

CONCLUSIONS
The birth rate was lower in both women and men on any of the three AEDs compared with the reference cohort without epilepsy. However, a statistically significant difference between treated and untreated patients was only seen in men on OXC. It is unclear to what extent the differences found in this study are due to social or biological factors.


This RFC is an official public record of an agreement between SUN
Microsystems and the Internet Society. This memo provides information
for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard
of any kind.


Background: Leiomyoma is the most typical condition linked to abnormal and excessive uterine bleeding in the majority of females. Hormones are crucial for the growth and development of leiomyoma because they influence how it develops. Many a times leiomyoma presents variably revealing its many variations and subsequent alterations (secondary changes) which mimics cancer during clinical examination, radiological and grossly. Therefore, accurate understanding of alterations in leiomyoma and its variants is essential to prevent misdiagnosis. Analysis of histopathological features of variants and degenerative changes in leiomyoma which mimics malignant lesions and poses great difficulty in diagnosis, management and prognostication. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in the department of pathology at Patna medical college and hospital (PMCH) over a period of 2 years from June 2015 to June 2017.Gross and microscopic detailed examination of leiomyoma was done for hysterectomy specimen. Result: A total of 3140 hysterectomy specimen with leiomyoma were analyzed, out of which 575 cases were included in the study comprising of variants and secondary changes. Usual leiomyoma were excluded from the study. Age of the patients ranged from 20 to 75years with a peak incidence seen in the 4th decade of life. Degenerative changes like hyalinization was seen maximum in 87% cases followed by hyaline and cystic change in 9% of cases, only cystic change was seen in 2% cases followed calcification, mucoidand ossification seen in 1% cases.Few of the cases showed secondary changes like cellular, symplastic/ atypical/mitotically active leiomyoma, colyledenoid, angioleiomyoma, adenomyoma and progesterone induced changes. Conclusion: In order to provide surgeons with an appropriate diagnosis, pathologists should be knowledgeable about all types of degenerative alterations and variants. To prevent incorrect diagnosis, it is essential to have a precise understanding of these variations and the alterations in leiomyoma.


We study Skyrmion quantum numbers, charge and statistics, in (2+1) dimension induced by quadratic band toucing fermions. It is shown that induced charge of Skyrmions is twice bigger than corresponding Dirac particles' and their statistics are always bosonic. Applying it to the Bernal stacking bi-layer graphene, we show that Skyrmions of quantum spin Hall(QSH) are charge 4e bosons, so their condensation realizes charge 4e superconductivity(SC). The phase transition could be a second order, and one candidate theory of the transition is O(5) non linear sigma model(NLSM) with non-zero Wess-ZuminoWitten(WZW) term. We calculate renormalization group beta function of the model perturbatively and propose a possible phase diagram. We also discuss how QBT fermions are different from two copies of Dirac particles. Figure 1: (a) Beta function behaviors of O(5) NLSM model with different WZW levels. The dotted(black), normal(red), and dashed(blue) lines correspond to k <kc, k=kc, k >>kc cases. At k=kc, there is one stable interacting fixed point(balck dot). (b) Phase diagram with RG flows for the critical level at k=kc.


The reactor facilities at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) were designed during the 1950's. The original seismic criteria defining the input ground motion was 0.1 G with UBC (uniform building code) provisions used to evaluate structural seismic loads. Later ground motion criteria have defined the free field seismic motion with a 0.2 G ZPA (free field acceleration) and various spectral shapes. The spectral shapes have included the Housner spectra, a site specific spectra, and the US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) Reg. Guide 1.60 shape. The development of these free field seismic criteria are discussed in the paper. The more recent seismic analyses have been of the following type: fixed base response spectra, frequency independent lumped parameter soil/structure interaction (SSI), frequency dependent lumped parameter SSI, and current state of the art analyses using computer codes such as SASSI. The results from these computations consist of structural loads and floor response spectra (used for piping and equipment qualification). These results are compared in the paper and the methods used to validate the results are discussed. 14 refs., 11 figs.


Non-premixed impinging jet flames with different coflow conditions are performed using PIV technology combined with numerical simulation to investigate flame instability in the vicinity of wall. Results indicate that the increase of coflow velocity results in a more chaotic flow field and higher fuel efficiency, and the increase of coflow temperature leads to ignition advance and the increase of NO concentration. These can be attributed to the coupling effect of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, convective instability and Rayleigh-Taylor instability. High coflow velocity is more likely to induce Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and convective instability, and the increase of coflow temperature enhances Rayleigh-Taylor instability and convective instability. Due to the impact effect in the vicinity of wall, the flame instability is more likely to be induced at high coflow velocity. Meanwhile, the increase of coflow temperature can inhibit flame wrinkles. The flame dynamics is affected by turbulent mixing, head-on collision, shear and convective behaviors in non-premixed flames.


Thoughtfully responding to the needs and aspirations of the four billion poor living at the margins of the global economy is both wise strategy and pressing obligation for businesses, argues Nirmal Sethia. In this context, he identifies key stakeholders and posits knowledge, empathy, networking, and a value-frame as central to a new mindset that can make designers valued partners in this challenging endeavor.


1. When clients share their experiences with students, the experience helps sensitize students to the stigma of mental illness, and also facilitates the client's recovery. 2. Encouragement from staff, clinicians, other clients, and family members that they can succeed at this next step in what most often motivates a client-consumer to "try" something new or "try again". 3. Client involvement in community activities is effective in normalizing daily life experiences and in breaking down the barrier of stigma.


Recent advances have been made in the research on structure and function of thyroid peroxidase in the field of the reaction mechanism with respect to the involvement of compound l in iodination and thyroid hormonogenesis. New information has become available concerning the mechanism of thyroid peroxidase autoantibody formation and immunodominant domains on the thyroid peroxidase molecule. In certain types of hereditary congenital hypothyroidism, called total iodide organification defects, thyroid peroxidase is impaired owing to mutations in the thyroid peroxidase gene. Detailed investigations on the proteins expressed in vitro have been described.


Thirty patients with carotid sinus syndrome were electrophysiologically studied. In 14 patients carotid sinus massage was performed during atrial and ventricular stimulation, and the conduction times were measured. The AH‐time was prolonged by more than 120ms in 6 patients(20%); the HV‐time was prolonged in 6 patients by more than 55 ms (20%); 5 patients had bundle branch block (16.7%); The sinus node recovery time was prolonged in 7 out of 27 patients (26%). Ten patients (33%) did not have additional electrophysiologic abnormalities. There was a predominance of carotid sinus syndrome on the right side. During carotid sinus massage there was a significant increase of the AH‐time, but there were no significant changes of the HV‐time or the width of the QRS‐complexes. Twenty‐one patients developed an atrial asystole and 9 patients an atrial bradycardia and an additional AV‐block. There was a longer AH‐time and a longer prolongation of the AH‐time in the patients who developed an AV‐block. Twelve out of 14 patients (85.7%) developed an AV‐block during carotid sinus massage and atrial pacing. During ventricular pacing 5 of 14 patients (35.7%) revealed a complete retrograde block before carotid sinus massage and 5 of the remaining 9 patients developed a total retrograde block during carotid sinus massage. Consequently, in 71.4% of the patients with carotid sinus syndrome complete retrograde conduction block and atrial asystole can be expected during attacks of ventricular asystole and simultaneous ventricular pacing. In conclusion, there is a high incidence of additional disturbances of the sinus node function and AV‐conduction in patients with carotid sinus syndrome. AAI pacemakers are contraindicateddue to the common development of additional A V‐block during carotid sinus massage. Physiologic pacing might contribute to better hemodynamics, particularly in patients with the mixed type of carotid sinus syndrome.


A FPGA-based video capture, output and pre-treatment system has been developed. The system adopts the I2C bus protocol and link-port data transfer protocol. And also it combines PAL video format to complete the process of video-capture, decode, encording and output. With the help of IP core provided by Altera company, it achieves the DDR controller, providing storage space for video images. Median filtering algorithm is used to achieve video pre-processing. Experimental verification, real-time acquisition video image of 25 frames/s can be displayed by system, and it completes better pre-processing algorithm to achieve purposes of noise reduction.


This article reports on the validation of the Positive and Negative Occupational States Inventory (PNOSI), a new tool for measuring positive and negative occupational states. Three goals were defined: testing the structural validity of the PNOSI, testing its stability, and testing its convergent and discriminant validity with engagement, burnout, commitment, and workaholism. Data were collected in seven different companies (more than 16,000 participants). The factorial validity of the PNOSI was demonstrated using covariance structure analyses. A two-factor model with a negative occupational state factor and a positive occupational state factor fitted the data better than an alternative one-factor model. The two corresponding scales demonstrated good internal consistency. The results confirmed that positive and negative occupational states are distinct constructs and should be measured with different items. Convergent and discriminant validity with related constructs, namely engagement, burnout, commitment, and workaholism, were also demonstrated. The conclusion is that the PNOSI has good psychometric properties.


OBJECTIVE: Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD52, depleting circulating T and B lymphocytes; lymphocyte depletion is followed by a distinctive pattern of T- and B-cell repopulation. This analysis tests the suggestion that differential lymphocyte depletion or recovery following alemtuzumab therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients may be associated with increased relapse risk or disability accumulation.
 BACKGROUND: Alemtuzumab reduced MS disease activity more than subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (SC IFNB-1a) in two 2-year, phase 3, head-to-head trials in active RRMS patients who were treatment-naive (CARE-MS I; NCT00530348) or had relapsed on prior therapy (CARE-MS II; NCT00548405).
 DESIGN/METHODS: CARE-MS patients were randomized to alemtuzumab 12 mg/day via intravenous infusions on 5 consecutive days at baseline and on 3 consecutive days 12 months later. Relapses were assessed by blinded raters and confirmed by a blinded relapse adjudication committee. Sustained accumulation of disability (SAD) was defined as an increase from baseline in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 蠅1 point sustained over 6 months (or 蠅1.5 if baseline EDSS=0). Blood counts were tested monthly, and lymphocytes were phenotyped by flow cytometry quarterly and at Months 1 and 13. The lymphocyte repopulation rate per month was estimated from a linear mixed model with covariate adjustment for course, visit, and pre-course lymphocyte count.
 RESULTS: 760 alemtuzumab-treated patients were followed up longitudinally for 2 years. Total lymphocyte and CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD19 + subset counts were similar at both Months 1 and 13 in subgroups stratified by whether or not patients experienced a first relapse or SAD event following the respective time point. Lymphocyte repopulation rates also were similar between subgroups.
 CONCLUSIONS: Lymphocyte counts and repopulation rates after alemtuzumab do not predict risk of subsequent relapse or disability accumulation.
 Study Supported by: Genzyme, a Sanofi company, and Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Disclosure: Dr. Coles has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corporation as a speaker. Mr. Palmer has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corporation as an employee. Dr. Margolin has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corp. as an employee.


Abstract Plant invasions are a serious global threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The invasive giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis (synonym: Reynoutria sachalinensis) is one of the most aggressive plant invaders in many countries. It forms dense stands that prevent other species from growing. To assess the impact of the knotweed, oribatid mite communities were studied under Fallopia-free native vegetation and at Fallopia-infested sites (2 types: 90-100% and 30% of coverage) with similar soil. All the sites are located in mixed forest in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska) in south Poland. Species composition and functional group composition of oribatid mite communities were compared. In total, 1540 specimens belonging to 70 oribatid species were collected from 90 soil samples. This successful exotic invasive species had a moderate influence on species richness (20% less species at the totally invaded site than at the Fallopia-free site) and a profound effect on soil oribatid mite community composition. Several oribatid species characteristic of a particular site were observed. Shifts were detected in proportions of groups with different habitat specificity (e.g. higher proportion of eurytopic mites at invaded sites), ecomorphological groups (e.g. lower proportion of litter-dwelling mites at invaded sites), trophic groups (e.g. lower proportion of macrophytophagous mites at invaded sites) and zoogeographical groups (e.g. higher proportion of mites with broad geographical distribution at invaded sites). These observations prove the radical negative change of environmental conditions for soil oribatid mites as a result of Fallopia invasion. The increase in sexually reproducing oribatid mites at invaded sites suggests that this way of reproduction is preferable when resources are in shortage.


A formulated three dimensional time variable puff model is used to stimulate an operation of rain enhancement.The model results show that the simulated diffusive features of multiple line sources not only are consistent with basic theory of diffusion, but also reproduce their characteristics of heterogeneity and unsteadiness non vertical to wind direction. The horizontal and vertical concentration distributions are irregular, and more complex and variable with space and time, compared to diffusion of vertical line source under homogeneous and steady point source. Besides, the model can simulate the subtle and detailed structure of each line source. For the seeding line sources, the average horizontal transport distance reaches 65 km after 1 hour, and the diffusion rate is 0.82ms -1 for average of one hour.


The idea of human design rests in the heart of European humanist project. The existential meaning of the idea of human design is analyzed. A piece of the work by J. Pico della Mirandola is interpreted as a prophecy expressing the fate of the New European era (by M. Heidegger). Several aspects could be distin-guished in this prophecy: the throwing of man into the world without his place, form and purpose, the right and demand to define both place and form and raison d 'être by reason. Historically, special exper-iments of solving the fundamental mystery are considered - what it means to be human from Descartes to modern transhumanistic projects of human self-construction? The meaning of the New Time era is de-fined through J. Pico 's proposed existential task. It is emphasized that at every historically special stage of subjugation of the nature of man, the dream of almighty condensed in the strange topos of about-being. Faced with the impossibility of defeating death, and without abandoning new projects of its sub-jugation, the modern era generates existential substitution. Suffering is put on the scene of death as the main representative of evil. The result is euthanasia technologies that view death not just as a lesser evil compared to suffering (pain), but as the most radical mean of achieving the new goal - radical pain relief. A thought experiment is being conducted to demonstrate the possibility of self-destruction of mankind motivated by the desire to solve the difficult problems of mankind in the way of its euthanasia.


Abstract Background: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and Paget's Disease of the Bone (PDB) are two distinct bone mineral disorders which rarely co-exist. It has been very scarcely reported in the elderly but almost unheard of in young adults. Clinical case A middle-aged Indian lady presents with multiple and recurrent facial and jaw bony swellings, since the age of 12. She had normal developmental as a child, without visual, auditory deficits or limb deformities. No family history of hypercalcemia or endocrine disorders was elicited. At initial diagnosis, biochemical parameters were consistent with PHPT, with mild to moderate hypercalcemia (2.6-3.0 mmol) and concomitant hypophosphatemia (0.6-0.8 mmol/L), elevated intact PTH 10.6pmol/L and ALP persistently more than 350 U/L. She had undergone multiple surgeries to remove the bony swellings, presumed to be brown tumours. She developed medullary nephrocalcinosis approximately 30 years after onset of illness. Over a span of three decades, numerous modalities were employed in attempt to localise the parathyroid lesion, including imaging (ultrasonography, sestamibi with SPECT CT, FDG PET),angiography, venous sampling and exploratory neck surgeries which were unsuccessful. Due to failure in localising the offending parathyroid lesion, it was conceded to maintain her on medical therapy.She was initially started on oral phosphate therapy, intranasal calcitonin and subsequently calcimimetics. Aside from rising ALP levels, her other biochemical parameters remained static. Her diagnosis was re-evaluated when she presented with osteomyelitis of the right mandible requiring surgery. Pre -operative CT imaging showed mixed lytic and sclerotic lesions at the mandible, maxilla, facial bones and skull. It also revealed diffuse thickening of the calvarium with narrowing of the posterior fossa resulting in hydrocephalus, requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Histopathological examination of the mandible showed a background of osteosclerosis. These findings were inconsistent with PHPT and was most often described in PDB. On the other hand, a repeated skeletal survey showed generalised osteopenia in the small bones of the hand with subperiosteal and terminal phalanges reabsorption which was in keeping with PHPT. Her pelvis, spine and long bones remained normal and bone densitometry was preserved. It was concluded that this patient was suffering from dual pathology, PHPT and PDB and was commenced on bisphosphonates. Conclusion: This lady presented with two diseases which simulate each other despite not being etiologically linked. The aberrancy in the age of onset and the overlapping clinical features of the dual pathology imposed a significant challenge in making the correct diagnosis. Retrospectively, histopathological examination of the bone at an earlier stage of disease may have been the key to solving this perplexing case.


The United States Environmental Protection Agency contracted with FEV North America, Inc. to conduct a whole vehicle analysis of the potential for mass reduction and related cost impacts for a future light-duty pickup truck. The goal was to evaluate the incremental costs of reducing vehicle mass on a body on frame vehicle at levels that are feasible in the 2020 to 2025 model year (MY) timeframe given the design, material, and manufacturing processes likely to be available, without sacrificing utility, performance, or safety. The holistic, vehicle-level approach and body-structure CAE modeling that were demonstrated in a previous study of a mid-sized crossover utility vehicle were used for this study. In addition, evaluations of closures performance, durability, and vehicle dynamics that are unique to pickup trucks are included. Secondary mass reduction was also analyzed on a part by part basis with consideration of vehicle performance requirements. This paper presents an overview of the study "Vehicle Mass Reduction and Cost Analysis-Light-duty Pickup Truck Model Years 2020-2025", by FEV North America, Inc. This study indicates that when mass reduction strategies are considered using a full-vehicle approach, significant mass reduction can be achieved relative to a 2011 light-duty pickup while maintaining vehicle functional objectives. The incremental results are assembled into a curve for mass reduction costs (in $/kg), as a function of the vehicle mass reduction level. Results from the study show that relative to the baseline vehicle (2011MY), mass reduction levels below 9% can result in a cost savings (cumulative net incremental direct manufacturing costs) with cumulative costs increasing to $4.36/kg, or $2,228 per vehicle, at 21.4% (510.9 kg) mass reduction. Introduction Light-duty pickup trucks, Figure 1, have a number of characteristics that are unique from other passenger vehicles, and which influence the potential solutions for achieving vehicle mass reduction in order to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One primary difference is the use of a body-on-frame design in which the bed and cab are separately mounted to a frame that provides the main load bearing structure for towing, hauling, and crash performance. Furthermore, the intended market usage for these vehicles imposes a unique loading on the suspension, chassis, and bed, so it is especially important to consider strength and durability performance of alternative designs. Figure 1. 2011 Light-duty Truck The two major strategies for primary mass reduction utilized in this study include 1) Material choice: substitute materials for those with lower density and adjust material volume as necessary for given Cost-Effectiveness of a Lightweight Design for 2020-2025: An Assessment of a Light-Duty Pickup Truck 2015-01-0559 Published 04/14/2015 Cheryl Caffrey and Kevin Bolon US EPA Greg Kolwich FEV North America, Inc. Robert Johnston EDAG, Inc. Timothy Shaw Munro & Associates, Inc. CITATION: Caffrey, C., Bolon, K., Kolwich, G., Johnston, R. et al., "Cost-Effectiveness of a Lightweight Design for 2020-2025: An Assessment of a Light-duty Pickup Truck," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0559, 2015, doi:10.4271/2015-01-0559. Downloaded from SAE International by Cheryl Caffrey, Thursday, May 07, 2015


In the forward to Intimate Economies of Immigration Detention, feminist geographer Alison Mountz warns the reader to 'prepare yourself to experience sadness and anger, revelation and frustration' (...


The adsorption of organomercury salts is found to proceed via dissociative chemisorption with irreversible poisoning of the platinum electrode with mercury; the principles of oxidation of organomercury salts on platinum and lead dioxides have been studied.


This executive order by Governor James H. Hodges suspends Nathaniel Bess from the office of Mayor of Lynchburg, appoints Mr. Billy Keith Phillips, Sr. as Mayor and orders an election for such offices as are due to be filled in Lynchburg.