Biodegradation characteristics of fast growing pioneer wood species in Malaysia are still unknown due to lack of studies on them. The purpose of this study was to determine the biodegradation characteristics of some Sarawak pioneer wood species based on weight loss through two major tests, which are the modified ASTM soil block test and Termite Resistance Test. Two fast growing pioneer species were selected namely, Duabanga moluccana, Endospermum diadenum and Hevea brasiliensis used as control. For soil block test, the blocks were cut into cubes of 20mm. The cubes were exposed to two test fungi namely, Pycnoporus coccineus and Schizophyllllm commune, for eight week. Most of the wood weight loss exceed 10%, with Endospermum diadenum showed the highest weight loss among the two pioneer species, 19.64% for Pycnoporus coccineus and 7.06% for Schizophyllum commune, while Duabanga moluccana with 17.78% for Pycnoporus coccineus and 5.08% with Schizophyllum commune, the least between the three species. The termite resistance test was conducted according to JWPA standard and evaluated in a 3 week, no-choice laboratory tests. Cubes of 10mm x
tOmm x 20mm were exposed to Coptotermes spp. of 150 workers and 50 soldiers in an acrylic cylinder. Duabanga moluccana is the most susceptible to termite attack among the two pioneer wood species with the highest weight loss at 6.33% and Endospermum diadenum , 4.11 %, the least susceptible among the wood species. This study showed that the fast growing pioneer species wood of Duabanga moluccana and Endospermlll1l diadenum are non-durable timber.


Abstract. The article explores basic professional communication knowledge, skills and manager's skills, defines their importance in the performance of professional duties, describes the profession of manager in the position of business communication. This research analize also the model of communication on the material of the communicative professiogram of the manager, outlines priority directions of business communications and professional social perception. It has been found out that the professional program of a manager in the position of business communication is a system of communicative norms, knowledge, skills and values, which is realized in the process of professional communication and is a necessity that accompanies his professional activity in the industrial area. An important and necessary requirement of the present is the multidisciplinary nature of the manager as the head of a distinguished unit of the enterprise and his professional communication skills related to this. His communications combine system design thinking, deep engineering knowledge, an innovative culture, the knowledge and skills of a project manager, a production organizer in a sustainable development environment, and an interprofessional communication facilitator.


Facial motion capture is the process of digitizing the facial motion of an actor by locating several facial landmarks of the actor's face and using the relative coordinates of these landmarks to drive the facial structure of a 3D character in software like Blender. Recent advances have enabled markerless technology to track the desired facial features from frame to frame. In this work, the input from a single front-facing camera is used and the face is located using face detection algorithms. Its output is then used to find the relative coordinates of facial landmarks like lip corners, upper eyelids, and eyebrows etc., using a facial landmark detector. To achieve comparable levels of accuracy without the depth or 3D information that would be captured from a multi-camera setup, morph targets have been used to add constraints to the animation to avoid unnatural positions of the virtual character. The distance between a referential landmark that has minimal movement and the driving landmark determines the influence of the corresponding morph target. To establish an orientation invariant landmark detection, geometric normalization and face size normalization have been deployed.


Vehicle noise and vibration are major factors that affect the comfort of passengers,so how to effectively measure and analyze automotive noise and vibration is becoming more and more important. In this paper, the order tracking technique and the selective intensity technique are used to analyze and determine the noise and vibration source on homemade passenger car. The main purpose is to determine the noise of the testing car engine compartment and the reason of noise near driver's ear in the driver cab. The relations between noise which is near the driver seat and engine speed are tested. Analysis gist and reference to further reduce automotive noise and vibration are given.


INTRODUCTION Parameters measured in diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) have the ability to reflect the microstructural characteristics of biological tissues, and recent work has shown that DW-MRI enables quantitative assessment of injury in mouse models of various spinal cord white-matter pathologies [1, 2]. However, despite the potential of DW-MRI for diagnosis and treatment monitoring, a major limitation of the approach is the time consuming nature of quantitative DW-MRI experiments. These experiments frequently span multiple hours for in vivo studies of the mouse spinal cord, with much of this time spent on signal averaging to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the accurate quantification of tissue diffusion characteristics. In this work, we demonstrate that the application of an SNR-enhancing reconstruction method [3] can enable at least a 4X reduction in the number of averages required for accurate diffusion quantification in mouse models of traumatic spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collection: Six-direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired using a conventional spin-echo imaging sequence with StejskalTanner diffusion weighting gradients. Typical acquisition used respiratory gating with TE/TR 38/1200 ms, FOV 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm, slice thickness 0.75 cm, Δ=21 ms, δ=7 ms. and 128x128 acquisition matrix. Four averages were acquired and stored separately. Experiments were performed in vivo with 5 control mice, 5 mice with EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis) [2], 5 mice with laminectomy and acute spinal cord injury (SCI), and 5 mice with laminectomy and chronic spinal cord injury [1]. Data Processing: DW-MRI images were jointly reconstructed from a single average of the measured k-space data, using the penalized maximumlikelihood image reconstruction framework described in [3]. This reconstruction enforces image smoothness to enhance SNR, while explicitly modeling and preserving the high-resolution information shared between the different DW-MR images. The method provides quantitative control over the trade-off between resolution and SNR, and regularization SNR/resolution-efficient compared to averaging [3]. Regularization parameters were adjusted to enhance SNR by a factor of 2 relative to conventional Fourier reconstruction (an SNR-gain equivalent to averaging 4 times), with minimal degradation in spatial resolution. Subsequently, DTI parameters were fit to (1) conventional Fourier reconstructions from single-average data, (2) the SNR-enhancing joint reconstructions from single-average data, and (3) conventional Fourier reconstructions from 4X-averaged data. RESULTS Representative results are shown in Figs. 1-3. In all cases, the quantitative DTI parameters estimated from images with the SNR-enhancing joint reconstruction matched closely with the parameters estimated from the 4X-averaged conventional reconstructions. In contrast, the parameters estimated from single-average data with conventional reconstruction had larger dispersion, and for some regions of the spinal cord, were biased away from the parameters estimated with higher-SNR data. The proposed reconstruction enabled quantitative analysis of pathology with low-SNR data.


Charged centers exist in the phosphor layer of the common thin film electroluminescent devices. In this article, electron scattering process due to these centers is studied through phase shift analysis. The scattering rates in different cases are obtained and compared with other important scattering processes. Electron transport processed under different charged centers conditions are simulated by means of Monte Carlo method. The quantitative results about the influence of charged centers on electron energy are obtained.


A new species, Russula nigrovirens , with phenotypic similarities to R. virescens is proposed based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, R. nigrovirens is characterized by the combination of non-striate pileus with dull green patches, incurved margin, non-discolouring context, globose to subellipsoid basidiospores with bluntly conical to subcylindrical warts isolated or connected with irregular lines or ridges, and large, clavate basidia. Russula nigrovirens is placed in subgenus Heterophyllidia , subsection Cyanoxanthinae.


Raining and sun-shining processes in natural climate were simulated by water spraying and infrared light shining alternately as wetting-drying cycles in accelerated durability test. The accelerating effects of the wetting-drying cycles and the variation of corrosion current density and corrosion potential of steel bar in concrete under such conditions were studied. The result shows that the main reason leading to accelerating corrosion of steel bar in concrete is the wetting-drying cycles, which can cause the increase of corrosion potential difference between the anode and cathode of steel bar corrosion cell and the decrease of concrete resistance. Corrosion rate of the steel bar in concrete under four typical conditions, including wetting-drying cycle, long time submerging in water, long time exposure to indoor and outdoor environment were measured and compared. The test results indicate that the corrosion rates under the four typical conditions are in the order of spraying and infrared light shining cycles, outdoor environment, indoor environment, and submerging in water, respectively.


Abstract : The conduct of research into the nature and use of advanced command and control (C2) computer-based information, decision, forecasting, training and readiness systems requires efforts in the C2 computer-based systems design, development demonstration, transfer, and documentation areas. This report examines the development, demonstration and documentation areas and presents a dual PDP 11/70- and microcomputer-based research configuration and a large screen display, interactive demonstration and testing system, and a multi- faceted documentation plan.


Embodiments of the present invention provide a shooting control method, a device and a system, and relates to the technical field of information. The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the shooting efficiency is relatively low. The method comprises the steps of receiving the image information sent by a shooting device, wherein the image information comprises a moving target; detecting whether a tracking photography control instruction for the moving target is received or not, wherein the tracking photography control instruction for the moving target is used for indicating and controlling the shooting device to track and shoot the moving target; on the condition that the tracking photography control instruction for the moving target is received, recognizing the corresponding motion track information of the moving target; according to the motion track information, controlling the corresponding bearing device of the shooting device to move. In this way, the shooting device is controlled to track and shoot the moving target. The technical scheme of the invention is applicable to the shooting control field.


During the fading of instructional scripts learners might relapse into their initial novice strategies after script prompts are withdrawn. One possibility to overcome this problem could be a learning partner providing distributed monitoring of the performance of the strategy suggested by the script. In a 2-factorial experiment with the factors fading and distributed monitoring that involved 126 students of educational science we investigated whether during the fading of an instructional script there is a moderating effect of distributed monitoring on the performance of the strategy and thereby on the acquisition of the cognitive skill of argumentation. Strategy knowledge was fostered best by the combination of fading and distributed monitoring. Distributed monitoring also kept the performance of some aspects of the strategy at higher levels during fading, which was positively related to the acquisition of strategy knowledge.


For low-intensity high fluidity air-entrained concrete,based on analyzing Gansu climates enviromental characteristics and materials used,through Quick Freeze-thaw Tests,American Coulometric Method,Dry-wet Cycling Corrosion Method,etc,Air-entraining agent and compound mineral admixture uni-doped or co-doped affecting durability(impermeability,frost resistance,corrosion resistance,etc)of C20 and C30 concrete is analyzed.The results show that,compared with normal concrete,on anti-corrodibility,concrete double mixed with compound mineral admixture and air-entraining agent features best effect,the concrete uni-doped compound mineral admixture is slightly better,uni-doped air-en-training agent has midacy effect for C30 concrete while has the poorest effect for C20 concrete.On impermeability,when co-doped compound mineral admixture and air-entraing agent has the best effect,uni-doped compound mineral admixture takes second place,uni-doped air-entraining agent showed a slight decline.On corrosion resistance,uni-doped mineral admixture has the best effect,co-doped mineral admixture and air-entraining agent takes second place,and when uni-doped air-entraining agent corrosion resistance decrease.


Inspired by the work of John Falk and Lynn Dierking, this article examines the characteristics of contextual learning at the Plattsburgh State Museum. It investigates the museum visitors' experiences and process of learn ing through the lens of the Contextual Learning Model . vii The purpose of this thesis is twofold: l ) to suggest a method for understanding the museum visitor experience, 2) and to demonstrate that visitor learning is fundamentally a meaning-making activity that involves a constant negotiat ion between the stories given by museums and those brought by visitors. As such, it is emphasized that museums can be effective educators if they recognize and honor the process of mean ing-making. Chapter 1: Introduction Museums in the 20th century were historically rooted in object lessons, often more concerned with collection research than with visitors' education. 1 Over the past few decades, however, museum culture has begun to shift from focusing on their col lections to their vis itors. Museums are transforming themselves from static object displays into interactive learning environments for visitors.2 Today, virtually all museums prioritize visitor experience over artifacts and focus on public education. 3 This transition of priorities allows us to place the P lattsburgh State Art Museum in the context of when it was created and why it has become what it is today. But this paper is not about the transitions, it is about the importance of context in understanding the museum visitor experience. The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, it means to i lluminate how visitor experience the perceptions, feel ings, and reactions an individual has while v isiting a museum4can be understood through the lens of the Contextual Learning Model, a constructivist learning theory that outl ines the learning process in three intersecting contexts. Second, it aims to demonstrate that visitor meaning-making is an ongoing negotiation of information between museums and their visitors. As such, this thesis emphasizes that museums can better educate visitors by understanding the learning process and honoring vis itor meaning-making. To better i l lustrate the use of the Contextual Learning Model, I will examine two galleries at the Plattsburgh State Art Museum. The Rockwel l Kent Gallery and the Joseph C. 1 Michelle Henning, Museums, Media and Cultural Theory, (Maidenhead, UK: McGraw-Hill International Ltd., 2007), p . 2. 2 Eilean Hooper-Greenhill, Museums and their Visitors, (London: Routledge, 1 994), p 1 . 3 Henning, Museums, Media and Cultural Theory, p . 2. 4 National Park Service GMP Dynamic Sourcebook, s.v. "visitor experience," http://planning.nps.gov/GMPSourcebook/Glossary.htm, accessed January 20 1 3 . and Joan T. B urke Gallery both have held exhibitions composed of the M useum's extensive Rockwel l Kent col lection. Both galleries were ideal environments where context influenced the visitor' s experience of the museum. Yet, each gal lery was distinct in its presentation of objects and its manifestation of contextual learning. In order to maintain the intended viewing experience and more fully appreciate the applications of the Contextual Learning Model, I wi l l examine the exhibit spaces as I experienced them. To inform and support the exhibition exploration, professional research findings, such as those reported by the American All iance of Museums, wil l be incorporated. It is my hope that by exploring the juxtaposition of objects and exhibit design as one would experience it, the reader wil l be able to better understand the how the displays of Rockwel l Kent 's artwork i l luminates the Contextual Learning Model and how those complex interactions can be uti l ized in interpretation and audience education. 2


The invention relates to a method by which in a fluid, such as blood, the amount or partial pressure of a first gas, such as oxygen that can be absorbed by the fluid, and the amount or partial pressure of a second gas, such as carbon dioxide, which is can accumulate in the fluid can be guided to predetermined values simultaneously. To adjust the amounts / of the partial pressures of the two gases, the fluid is at the one side (2) at least one permeable or semi-permeable release layer (1) and a process gas at the other side (3) conveyed past, wherein the process gas containing the first gas and in is able to receive the second gas. The process gas is conducted in a gas circuit (4). In the gas loop (4) is the process gas on the one hand supplied to the first gas, on the other hand, is the process gas, the amount of the second gas, which is about the at least one separating layer (1) passes out of the fluid into the process gas and absorbed by the process gas, (by means of an absorber unit 8) withdrawn.


Older women in our communities are becoming marginalised through their lack of technical awareness and capability. Digital applications now dominate the way governments, business, communities and even families interact with all of us. As respected elders of our society, women not only need access to services which support their wellbeing as they age, but also have an important role to play in passing on their knowledge and wisdom to new generations. Through digital exclusion, older women often relied on others, particularly their spouses, to transact online activities. As they become carers for their ageing spouse or are widowed, they need to learn to do this for themselves. An action research approach recorded responses of seniors to individualised computer-learning sessions. Our research shows that they can learn digital skills, and this is leading to greater independence and social wellbeing. Everyone benefits as our women elders become digitally included. Publication Details H. Hasan & H. Linger, "Older women online: Engaged, active and independent", 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS2018). ACIS, Australia, (2018) 83-1-83-11. This conference paper is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/ahsri/1012 Australasian Conference on Information Systems Hasan 2018, Sydney Older Women Online 1 Older Women Online: Engaged, Active and Independent Helen Hasan Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Henry Linger Australian Health Services Research Institute, Monash University Melbourne Australia Email: email@example.com


The molecular parameters of polytetrafluoroethylene were determined from x-ray diffraction data (Bunn and Howells) as CC = 1.54 A., CF = 1.36 A., ∠CCC = 114°36′, ∠FCF = 108°30′; each angle of internal rotation around each CC bond is 16°28′ from the trans position. Calculation of the angle of internal rotation for the most stable configuration of the polymer chain was carried out based on the steric and electrostatic interactions. The minimum position of the potential energy seems to be subject chiefly to the steric interaction. The effect of the electrostatic interaction on the minimum position was rather small as compared with the steric interaction. The calculated angle of internal rotation and the fiber period are, respectively, 19° and 16.78 A., which are in very good agreement with the experimental values 16°28′ and 16.8 A.


Let $R = k[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$ of characteristic zero and $\cR$ be the formal power series ring $k[[x_1, \ldots, x_n]]$. If $M$ is a $\D$-module over $R$, then $\cR \otimes_R M$ is naturally a $\D$-module over $\cR$. Hartshorne and Polini asked whether the natural maps $H^i_{\dR}(M)\to H^i_{\dR}(\cR \otimes_R M)$ (induced by $M\to \cR \otimes_R M$) are isomorphisms whenever $M$ is graded and holonomic. We give a positive answer to their question, as a corollary of the following stronger result. Let $M$ be a finitely generated graded $\D$-module: for each integer $i$ such that $\dim_kH^i_{\dR}(M)<\infty$, the natural map $H^i_{\dR}(M)\to H^i_{\dR}(\cR \otimes_R M)$ (induced by $M\to \cR \otimes_R M$) is an isomorphism.


The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the author (or authors) and do not necesarily refl ect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Abstract—The reproductive biology of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the western Indian Ocean was investigated from samples collected in 2009 and 2010. In our study, 1012 female Yellowfin Tuna were sampled: 320 fish on board a purse seiner and 692 fish at a Seychelles cannery. We assessed the main biological parameters that describe reproductive potential: maturity, spawning seasonality, fish condition, and fecundity. The length at which 50% of the female Yellowfin Tuna population matures (L50) was estimated at 75 cm in fork length (FL) when the maturity threshold was established at the cortical alveolar stage of oocyte development. To enable comparison with previous studies, L50 also was estimated with maturity set at the vitellogenic stage of oocyte development; this assessment resulted in a higher value of L50 at 102 cm FL. The main spawning season, during which asynchrony in reproductive timing among sizes was observed, was November–February and a second peak occurred in June. Smaller females (<100 cm FL) had shorter spawning periods (December to February) than those (November to February and June) of large individuals, and signs of skipspawning periods were observed among small females. The Yellowfin Tuna followed a "capital-income" breeder strategy during ovarian development, by mobilizing accumulated energy while using incoming energy from feeding. The mean batch fecundity for females 79–147 cm FL was estimated at 3.1 million oocytes, and the mean relative batch fecundity was 74.4 oocytes per gram of gonad-free weight. Our results, obtained with techniques defined more precisely than techniques used in previous studies in this region, provide an improved understanding of the reproductive cycle of Yellowfin Tuna in the western Indian Ocean. Knowledge of reproductive traits is important for understanding population dynamics, including a population's resilience to fi shing (Schaefer, 2001; Murua and Motos, 2006; Morgan et al., 2009). As alternatives to the traditional spawning stock biomass (SSB), reproductive potential indices have been proposed in which basic reproductive parameters are included as important factors that affect population productivity (Trippel, 1999; Morgan et al., 2009). These parameters include sex-ratio, the age and size of females, maturation ogive, fecundity, fi sh condition, and reproductive history. Inclusion of these biological parameters allows integration of fl uctuations in a population's reproductive success into the assessment and management processes, in addition to estimation of spawning stock biomass (SSB) (Murua and Saborido-Rey, 2003; Murua et al., 2010). Hence, to improve the assessment and management of stocks, it is necessary to increase the quality and quantity of the basic reproductive data used to estimate these reproductive parameters (Korta, 2010). Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of the major target species of the tuna fi shery in the Indian Ocean. Total annual catch of Yellowfi n Tuna in the Indian Ocean has increased signifi cantly, since the early 1980s, with the advent of the purseseine fi shery. Average annual catch reached 473,896 metric tons (t) between 2003 and 2006 but decreased in 2007 and 2008 to around 320,000 t; in 2011, total annual catch was around 300,000 t (IOTC1). The Yellowfin Tuna is a batchspawner with asynchronous ovary organization (Schaefer, 2001) and indeterminate fecundity (Zudaire et al., 2013). This species can spawn with a frequency of around 1.5 days (McPherson, 1991; Schaefer, 2001) over a vast area of the tropical zone throughout the year (Itano2; Stéquert et al., 2001). Its spawning events, as with other tuna species, occur in rela-


This paper addresses the topic of inter-provincial migration in terms of the basic question: 'Who moves?'. Panel logit models of the probability that an individual changes his or her province of residence from one year to the next over the 1982–1995 period are estimated using tax-based longitudinal data. It is found that moving is (i) inversely related to the home province's population size, presumably reflecting local economic conditions and labour market scale effects, while language also plays an important role; (ii) more common among residents of smaller cities, towns, and especially rural areas than those in larger cities; (iii) negatively related to age, marriage, and the presence of children for both men and women; (iv) positively related to the provincial unemployment rate, the individuals' receipt of unemployment insurance (except Entry Men), having no market income (except for Entry Men and Entry Women), and the receipt of social assistance (especially for men); (v) (slightly) positively related to earnings levels (beyond the zero earnings point) for prime aged men, but not for others; and (vi) more or less stable over time, with men's rates declining slightly and women's holding steadier or rising slightly, indicating a divergence in trends along gender lines.


The Liber Nemroth (or Nemrot, Nemrod, Nimrod, Nembroth and so on) is an illustrated cosmological and astronomical treatise composed in the form of a dialogue between Nemroth and his disciple Ioanton. The work is curious in many respects, not least because it differs considerably, both in style and content, from any other ancient or medieval text on the subject. To quote only one example, Nemroth's cosmology relies for a large part on the winds, which act both as stabilisers of the universe and


A digital TV broadcasting providing system, a digital TV, and a control method are provided, which recommend the related moving picture by automatically analyzing the information relating to the moving picture. A digital TV broadcasting providing system(100) comprises the moving picture analysis section(110), the search keyword extractor(120), the video search unit(130), and the search result offering part(150). The moving picture analysis section extracts the search word from information data relating to the reproduced moving picture. The search keyword is extracted from the extracted search word by the search keyword extractor. The video search unit searches the reproducible moving picture based on the extracted search keyword. The search result offering part provides the search result of the moving picture.


We report the smallest metallo-dielectric cavity semiconductor laser to our knowledge operating at near-infrared frequencies. The laser consists of an InGaAsP patch sandwiched by gold. We observe lasing in electric and magnetic dipole modes.


ObjectiveTo explore the value of sputum cytology in the diagnosis of lung cancer for postoperative patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Methods110 patients accepted 1~3 sputum cytological examinations in 2~5 days after fiberoptic bronchoscopy.ResultsAmong the 110 cases,64 cases were diagnosed as lung cancer.62 cases were confirmed by different examinations,including brush cytology,liquid washing,postoperative sputum cytology,excisional biopsy,and puncture.2 cases were confirmed by thoracotomy.40 cases of cancer,2 cases of doubted cancer,and 3 cases of atypical epithelial cells were found in postoperative patients with sputum cytological examinations.The detectable rate of lung cancer was 92.19% for fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with sputum cytology,and it increased to 96.88% by using puncture therapy in addition.Comparing the result of differential cell counts with that of pathological biopsy,the diagnostic accuracy was 94.12%.ConclusionSputum cytology for postoperative patients of fiberoptic bronchoscopy can increase the detectable rate of lung cancer,and it is helpful to get higher diagnostic accuracy of malignant cancer cell counts.


Some fifteen years ago, an address on the subject of judicial review of the actions of the Knesset would have been extremely short and quite familiar to English jurists. Our practice was basically the same as in England: the Parliament is sovereign, its laws inviolate, and its inner proceedings immune from review. Beginning with two decisions in the early 1980s, Flato-Sharon and Sarid, the Court has gradually recognized the justiciability of a limited range of Knesset decisions. While the precise level of review varies according to the type of decision at issue, the Court's review has been motivated in all cases by the need to preserve the rule of law and the integrity of our democratic regime.


847 Background: Over half of recurrences and two thirds of deaths from hormone dependent breast cancer occur after completion of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. We previously reported an improvement in disease free survival in women receiving extended adjuvant treatment with L after tamoxifen. Toxicities reported up until February 2003, 8 months prior to unblinding of the study medication, were low grade and included vasomotor symptoms, arthritis, joint and muscle pain. Hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular events were similar in both arms and while new patient-reported diagnoses of osteoporosis were slightly more common (5.8% vs 4.5% L vs P), clinical fracture rate was unchanged by L.

METHODS
The study database was locked as of August 2003 for analysis of events in disease free survival (DFS) which were local or distant recurrence or new contralateral breast cancer. A subset analysis of outcome according to nodal status was performed. A full and updated analysis of all study endpoints, including safety and quality of life, as of the date of unblinding the trial (October 9 2003) will be conducted in mid-January 2004.

RESULTS
5187 patients were randomized. Demonstration of an improvement in DFS was achieved earlier than anticipated (P = 0.00008 at the first interim analysis) with a hazard rate of 0.57, indicating a 43% reduction in risk. L decreased the risk of events by 53% and 40% for node negative and node positive patients respectively. This translated into an absolute improvement in 3-year disease free survival of 3% and 7% in node negative and node positive patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Letrozole is indicated as extended adjuvant therapy for the majority of breast cancer patients completing about 5 years of tamoxifen regardless of nodal status. Further data from the updated analysis will be presented. [Table: see text].


OSF is an open source cloud-based project management platform that helps teams collaborate in one centralized location and provides file hosting, version control, persistent URLs, and DOI registration.


I n this issue of JMCP, Feifer and James provide significant food for thought in their examination of geographic variation in the rate of automated drug safety alerts as well as prescriber response to such alerts. 1 Findings from this study suggest that the major influences on this variation are uncertain, as member demographics explained a relatively small proportion of the observed variance in alerting rates. The authors conclude that outreach and education are necessary to improve prescriber behavior where warranted. When broken down into the study's constituent parts, however , both measures of variation are linked to much broader considerations regarding the state of American health care practice. The rates of " alerting events " in this study varied considerably by state, ranging from 78 to 240 per 1,000 members. However, is this variation really surprising? After all, small-area variation in health care utilization and clinical practice is a well-documented phenomenon; 2,3 why should awareness of potential drug safety concerns be subject to any less variation? As an example, consider one of the clinical situations that Feifer and James present in Table 1 of their study report—the prescribing of stimulants for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and significant cardiac structural or rhythm abnormalities. This is indeed a significant concern, but its calculus involves more than simple variation in prescriber awareness of the clinical problem. Indeed, the documented geographic variation in both the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD and receipt of ADHD medication is significant, with 2-to 3-fold variation reported in each measure by state of residence. 4 While there are no published data on variation in the prevalence of co-diagnosed ADHD and structural/rhythm abnormalities in children, it is not unreasonable to imagine this prevalence to be (a) relatively low; and (b) distributed in some disproportionate fashion regionally, perhaps in relation to the location of advanced pediatric cardiology services and/or children's hospitals. Variability in inappropriate prescribing is therefore likely to be a result of a complex interaction of disease epidemiology, practice variation, the likelihood of a given clinician encountering a relatively rare safety issue in practice, and many other concerns. As a clue for the development and targeting of a programmatic intervention to change prescribing behavior, it is also a red herring. Why? The answer can perhaps be found in the examination of Feifer and James' second key measure, the rate of successful therapy change per alerting event. The …


In this investigation of relationships between mid-latitude 500 mb anomalies and tropical heating anomalies on the time scales of weeks to seasons are studied using outgoing IR to characterize the tropical convection heating. The data are first used to form 5-day means and the mean seasonal cycle and the interannual variability of seasonal means are then removed. The time scales considered are then between about 10 days and 90 days. By correlating the mid-latitude height anomalies with the tropical precipitation anomalies it can be shown that, on the time scales considered here, the predominant correlation patterns are those associated with Rossby waves propagating from mid-latitudes into the tropics and influencing the tropical convection. The mid-latitude Rossby waves can significantly influence convection to within 5 degrees of the equator.


We present a model for separating a set of voices out of a sound mixture containing an unknown number of sources. Our Attentional Gating Network (AGN) uses a variable attentional context to specify which speakers in the mixture are of interest. The attentional context is specified by an embedding vector which modifies the processing of a neural network through an additive bias. Individual speaker embeddings are learned to separate a single speaker while superpositions of the individual speaker embeddings are used to separate sets of speakers. We first evaluate AGN on a traditional single speaker separation task and show an improvement of 9% with respect to comparable models. Then, we introduce a new task to separate an arbitrary subset of voices from a mixture of an unknown-sized set of voices, inspired by the human ability to separate a conversation of interest from background chatter at a cafeteria. We show that AGN is the only model capable of solving this task, performing only 7% worse than on the single speaker separation task.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. for their contributions and for participating as members of my research committee. I also wish to express my appreciation to William G. Sewell who researched and wrote Appendix A and coauthored Appendix B. I am grateful to Dr. Jon B. Suzuki for his assistance in preparing and evaluating the photomicrographs and proofreading the text. Finally, a loving thank you to Roxanne K. Young for her assistance in preparing the manuscript. Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois as a pre-dental student where he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in January 1969. In January 1969 he began teaching elementary school in Chicago, Illinois until he started his professional training at Loyola University School of Dentistry in the following September.


Mass Customization is an important production mode in 21st century, and one of its core technologies is product modeling. At present, there are some studies about mass customization product modeling, but few of them are referred to bionics. Focused on mass customization product modeling, product reuse strategy is analyzed at first; then the modulization theory and its component description are elucidated. Based on the standard component information description through using article characterization, concept, character and partition rule are discussed.


The invention discloses an event reminding method and device, and belongs to the technical field of computers. The reminding method comprises the following steps: receiving a reminding command sent by a mobile terminal, wherein the reminding instruction is sent when the mobile terminal does not receive the processing operation on the event within the scheduled time after executing the reminding operation when the reminding condition is met; executing the reminding operation on the event according to the reminding instruction. The device comprises an instruction receiving module and an operation executing module. The reminding method and device can solve the problems that a consumer cannot perceive the event reminding when the mobile terminal is put into a pocket or a bag, and the event reminding is low in success rate, and can achieve the effect of improving the success rate of the event reminding.


Though often considered as one of the main driving processes of the complexation of species of opposite charges, the release of counterions has never been experimentally directly measured on polyelectrolyte/proteins complexes. We present here the first structural determination of such a release by small angle neutron scattering in complexes made of lysozyme, a positively charged protein and of polystyrene sulfonate, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte. Both components have the same neutron density length, so their scattering can be switched off simultaneously in an appropriate "matching" solvent; this enables determination of the spatial distribution of the single counterions within the complexes. The counterions (including the one subjected to Manning condensation) are expelled from the cores where the species are at electrostatic stoichiometry.


8-1 8. Calcium Channel Blockers 1. Keefe D, Frishman WH: Clinical pharmacology of the calcium-channel blocking drugs. In: Packer M, Frishman WH, eds. Calcium Channel Antagonists in Cardiovascular Disease. Norwalk, CT: AppletonCentury-Crofts, 1984:3. 2. Braunwald E: Mechanism of action of calciumchannel blocking agents. N Engl J Med 307:16l8, 1983. 3. Frishman WH, Sonnenblick EH: Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs and calcium channel blockers. In: Alexander RW, Schlant RC, Fuster V, eds. Hurst's The Heart, 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1998: 1583. 4. Weir MR: Calcium antagonists. In Izzo JL Jr., Sica DA, Black HR (eds): Hypertension Primer 4th ed. Dallas, American Heart Assn 2008: 465. 5. Frishman WH, Cheng-Lai A, Nawarskas J, eds. Current Cardiovascular Drugs, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Current Medicine, 2005. 6. Malhotra HS, Plosker GL: Barnidipine. Drugs 61:989, 2001. 7. Tomoda F, Takata M, Kagitani S, et al: Effects of a novel calcium antagonist, benidipine hydrochloride, on platelet responsiveness to mental stress in patients with essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 34:248, 1999. 8. Sakata K, Shirotani M, Yoshida H, et al: Effects of amlodipine and cilnidipine on cardiac sympathetic nervous system and neurohormonal status in essential hypertension. Hypertension 33:1447, 1999. 9. Sánchez M, Sobrino J, Ribera L, et al: Long-acting lacidipine versus short-acting nifedipine in the treatment of asymptomatic acute blood pressure increase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 33:479, 1999. 10. Casiglia E, Mazza A, Tikhonoff V, et al: Therapeutic profile of manidipine and lercanidipine in hypertensive patients. Adv Therap 21: 357, 2004. 11. Ohashi N, Mitamura H, Ogawa S: Development of newer calcium channel antagonists. Therapeutic potential of efonidipine in preventing electrical remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Drugs 69: 21, 2009. 12. Lindner E: Phenyl-propyl-diphenyl-prophyl-amin, a new substance with a dilating action in the coronary vessels. Arzneim Forsch 10:569, 1960. 13. Haas H, Hartfelder G: A-Isopropyl-a(N-methylN-homoveratryl)-y aminopropyl)-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-acetonitrol, a substance with vasodilating properties. Arzneim Forsch 12:549, 1962. 14. Fleckenstein A, Kammermeier H, Doring H, et al: On the action mechanism of new coronary dilators with oxygen sparing myocardial effects—Prenylamin and Iproveratril. Z Kreislauf Forsch 56:716, 839, 1967. 15. Fleckenstein A: Control of myocardial sbolism by verapamil: Sites of action and therapeutic effects. Arzneim Forsch 20:1317, 1970. 16. Singh BN, Vaughan-Williams EM: A fourth class of antidysrhythmic action? Effect of verapamil on ouabain toxicity, on atrial and ventricular intracellular potentials, and on other features of cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 6:109, 1972. 17. Vaughan Williams EM: Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. In: Sande E, Flensted-Jensen E, Olsen KH, eds. Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Elsinor, Denmark: AB Astra, 1979:449. 18. Ge W, Ren J: Combined L-/T-type calcium channel blockers. Ready for prime time. Hypertension 53: 592, 2009. 19. de Curzon OP, Ghaleh B, Hittinger L, et al: Beneficial effects of the Tand L-type calcium channel References for Chapter 8 Calcium Channel Blockers


Aiming at the problems of lower precision of solution and the lower speed of convergence in relevant algorithms for DNA Sequencing By Hybridization(SBH) problem,this paper makes a model for SBH problem and extracts the heuristic information. An Improved Parallel Ant Colony Optimization(IPACO) algorithm is proposed for DNA SBH. Simulation experimental results show this algorithm has better performance compared with serial ACO,tabu search and evolutionary algorithm in precision and convergence.


The localized Pt deposition by 30 keV Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) or 10 keV electron beam (EB) induced reaction has been investigated using micro-RBS spectra and RBS mapping images by a 300 keV Be2+ microprobe with a beam spot size of 80 nm. The amount of Pt atoms increased with increasing ion dose due to the decomposition of precursor gas for FIB irradiation. Residual Ga atoms were found to be distributed at and near within 1.5 µm the deposited area due to the implantation from the Ga FIB and redeposition from the processed area, while low-Z elements such as C and O distributed at and around the processed areas by about 10 µm due to the adsorbed molecules of precursor gas after FIB processing. Micro-RBS spectra for EB induced deposited area show that the thickness of Pt layer is considerably less than that obtained by FIB due to the reduced deposition rate and the amount of Pt atoms at the boundary area was also less than that obtained by FIB, since the intensity profile of the electron beam was much shallower than that of FIB.


A period of professional experience or training is a necessary and desirable ingredient of a civil engineering undergraduate degree course. In this paper, professional experience requirements of the various Australian universities offering such courses are presented together with an attempt to illustrate the benefits which might accrue to the engineering student, employer and academic institution. The possibility of extending the requirement of professional experience to include the engineering academic is discussed and likely benefits arising from this situation are presented.


Objective:To investigate clinical features of pulmonary complications following liver transplantation in order to guide clinical intervention and to increase patients'survival rate.Methods:Clinical data of 68 liver transplant recipients in our hospital from November 2006 to November 2011 were studied retrospectively.Clinical features of postoperative pulmonary complications including incidences,time of onset,risk factors or causes of morbidity,treatment and outcome were studied and summarized.Results:Sixty(88.2%) patients developed at least one pulmonary complication following liver transplantation.The most frequent complication was pleural effusion(59,86.8%),followed by pneumonia(15,22.1%),pulmonary edema(13,19.1%),respiratory tract bleeding(2,2.9%)and atelectasis(1,1.5%).Conclusions:Pleural effusion,pneumonia and pulmonary edema are common pulmonary complications following liver transplantation.Patients who develop pneumonia have poor prognosis.


As an "outstanding" Marxist in the Second International,Mehring,through describing the distinguishing features of historical materialism,tried to retort the prevailing trend of vulgarizing the theory,and thereby to defend Marxism.Mehring's comprehension was in general based on historical materialism proper,in spite of its some deficiencies.Undoubtedly,a penetrating understanding of Mehring's interpretation of historical materialism will bring us certain enlightenments.


Physical and mechanical properties of cementand sand concr ete modified by nanodispersed admixture such as water suspension of schungite (Karelia, Russia) are investigated. Admixture was obtained by ultrasonic dispersion reduced to powder schungite in water in the presence of the stabilizer.


Cryopreservation has become a very important tool for the long-term storage of plant germplasm. A new cryopreservation protocol based on air dehydration of explants placed on aluminum cryo-plates, termed the D cryo-plate technique, was developed. In this study, the most suitable conditions of cryopreservation for dormant shoot tips of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 'Saijo') using the D cryo-plate technique were investigated. Dormant one-year-old shoots of persimmon were collected from the experimental farm of Shimane University in January 2013 and stored at 2°C until use. After surface sterilization, shoot tips of about 1 mm in size were dissected from the dormant buds and precultured overnight at 25°C on solidified 1/2MS medium containing 0.3 M sucrose. Precultured shoot tips were placed on aluminum cryo-plates and embedded in calcium alginate gel. Osmoprotection of shoot tips was performed by immersing the cryo-plates for 30 min at 25°C in an LS solution containing 2 M glycerol + 1.0 M sucrose in 1/2MS solution. For the D cryo-plate technique, encapsulated shoot tips were dehydrated by placing the cryo-plates in the air current of a laminar flow cabinet for 30–90 min. Cooling was performed by placing the cryo-plates in uncapped cryotubes, which were immersed in liquid nitrogen. For rewarming, the cryo-plates were immersed in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 M sucrose for 20 min at 25°C. In this study, the preculture did not improve the regrowth after cryopreservation; however, we consider that it should be performed in the D cryo-plate procedure for application of other cultivars and utilization in genebanks. A high regrowth rate of cryopreserved shoot tips (84%) was achieved after dehydration for 30 min. This optimized procedure was applied to 10 additional persimmon cultivars, resulting in regrowth rates ranging between 67 and 97%, with an average of 87%. As shoot tips derived from dormant buds proved to be highly tolerant to liquid nitrogen exposure, the D cryoplate technique may facilitate long-term conservation of persimmon germplasm.


A network authentication method and a system based on an eye tracking procedure are provided. An image capturing unit of a user terminal captures a face image sequence of a user, and transmits the face image sequence to a server terminal such that the server terminal executes an authentication procedure to return an authentication result. The user terminal executes an eye tracking procedure based an eye movement of the user. The user terminal transmits an emergency signal to the server terminal if the user terminal determines that an emergency mode is triggered during the eye tracking procedure.


The Abstracts OP29 and PP24 in ESPCR (2007) were published without the full listings of authors and affiliations. These are given below: OP29 Melanocortin 1 receptor gene variants and skin colour measured by reflectance spectrophotometry in French middle-aged Caucasian women Latreille J., Ezzedine K., Elfakir A., Ambroisine L., Gardinier S., Galan P., Hercberg S., Tschachler E., Guinot C. CE.R.I.E.S., Neuilly sur Seine, France U557 Inserm (UMR Inserm ⁄ Inra ⁄ Cnam ⁄ Paris 13), Bobigny, France Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria Computer Science Laboratory, University FrançoisRabelais of Tours, Tours, France PP24 Distribution of the SLC24A5 gene single nucleotide polymorphism in French middle-aged women Elfakir A., Latreille J., Ezzedine K., Ambroisine L., Gardinier S., Jdid R., Galan P., Hercberg S., Tschachler E. , Guinot C. 4 1 CE.R.I.E.S., Neuilly sur Seine, France 2 U557 Inserm (UMR Inserm ⁄ Inra ⁄ Cnam ⁄ Paris 13), Bobigny, France 3 Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria 4 Computer Science Laboratory, University FrançoisRabelais of Tours, Tours, France


Main nonlinear effects in optical fiber are discussed. Special attention is paid to physical description and methods of mathematical modeling.


ential work. Knoxian rhetorical technique reaches its zenith in this work, not only for its incisive use of forensic rhetorical strategies but also for its embedded dramatic narratives, characterized by Farrow as "highly purposive and brilliantly effective" (319). Farrow argues for The Historie's being the greatest piece of Scottish prose from its own time and one of the "greatest works of Scottish prose in the whole of Scottish literature" (320). Where the book ends is perhaps where its most apparent failure gets marked. Rather than concluding with an appeal to greatness, which then serves the embedded narrative of authorial self-interest, this author, at least, would have been happier to see an intensification of attention to the rhetorical depth in Knox's writings as justification enough for reclaiming Knox's stature. Which is to say that Farrow does an admirable job of translating his passion for Knoxian prose into argument, but that argument remains to be further explored and expanded through attention to the rhetorical close reading strategies that unlock the signifying power of Knox's historical distance and elusive cultural formation as troped in his vast writings. DANIEL FISCHLIN University of Guelph


According to the Crime Information Management Center (CIMC) of the South African Police Service (SAPS) 42 429 women were raped during 1994 and 50 481 during 1996. An escalating tendency of 19 percent in rapes in South Africa can therefore be detected. A study by Nedcor (Oppler 1998:2) indicates that South Africa boasts the highest incidence of rape world-wide. However, there are so-called dark figures in official South African statistics concerning unreported cases, as well as with regard to reported rape cases. Aspects pertaining to whether the rapist was a stranger or an acquaintance are not documented as such and this can lead to shortcomings in the data.


A chemical-specific approach is not sufficient to characterize the wastewater quality. Therefore, it is essential to use biological test systems with living cells or organisms that give a global response to the quantity of micropollutants present in the wastewater sample. Duckweed can be used in eco toxicological assessment of wastewater to monitor heavy metals and other aquatic pollutants, because duckweed may selectively accumulate certain chemicals. The plants possess certain physiological properties like small size, rapid growth (almost double in two days) between pH 5 and 9, and vegetative propagation, which make them an ideal test system. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the sensitivity of duckweed plant towards selected parameters for screening and biomonitoring complex effluent samples. In the various studies the possible phytoand genotoxic effects of partially treated industrial effluent waters were investigated. Obtained data from various studies demonstrate the relevance of duckweed as sensitive indicators of water quality.


Creative thinking is a major thinking form of journal editors. It is characterized by seeking differences and blazing new trails; being good at leading thinking and forming leading consciousness; thinking association; experience transfer; and being very capable of rediscovery. The essentials of creative thinking are of initiative, phase, synthesis and scientific nature. To develop creative thinking, we should pursue new undertaking and ideas, update knowledge, openness of thinking, two ways of thinking, and good circumstance.


Blind signature is a special digital signature that allows the signer to sign a document without knowing its content. However, in many situations, multiple people need to blindly sign messages. At this time, the traditional blind signature can no longer satisfy the application requirements. To solve this problem, attribute-based cryptography has been combined with the blind signature. The concept of the attribute-based blind signature is generated. At present, all attribute-based blind signature schemes require the support of bilinear pairing technology, which involves several complex pairing and exponential operations in the signature and verification processes, and the computational efficiency is not high. In this paper, we present an attribute-based blind signature scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), and the security of new scheme is proved under the intractability of elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Our scheme is a key policy attribute-based signature (KP-ABS). The new scheme uses linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) matrix technology that does not require recursive operation to achieve more flexible and fine-grained access control. In addition, the scheme is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) using scalar multiplication on an elliptic curve instead of a bilinear pairing operation. Our scheme has significant advantages in terms of computational efficiency and storage compared with existing attribute-based blind signature schemes.


The present invention relates to a heating medium circuit comprising a media line of a media line at least two heating elements (2,3) having an outer line disposed in the medium and at least one line connector. In order to heat the at least one line connector, only the heating element (3) disposed in or on one said line connector and at least partially surrounds the line connector. The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a heatable medium line, which comprises a heatable media line media line, connecting at least one line and at least two heating elements (2,3). Of preassembled media line, the heating element (3) is continuously wound on the media line. Using at least one fastener (16) the heating element (3) is fastened or secured to the media line. According to the present invention, depending on the desired use of the media as the first cut line length that equals the desired media line length (IR) plus the extra length (LZ), the extra length comprises a heating element wound around said at least required on the transition region between the connector and the connector media line with a line length of heating element line (IM), with the fastener removed surplus length (LZ) corresponds to the media line section ( 16), to unlock the heating element (3) from the surplus length (LZ) corresponds to the medium line section (12, 13), the media line cut to the desired length of the medium line (IR), to give the second medium line section (14), prior to the media line or the second cutting step wherein after a shortened heating element (3), the second medium line section (14) connected to said at least one line connector, and the heating element is not shortened (2,3) wound on said at least one line connector.


✓ A malleable microsurgical suction device is presented which allows continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid or blood from an operative site. A malleable wire incorporated into the plastic tubing allows placement and readjustment of the suction tip to keep it where desired.


This bachelor work deals with the use of fuzzy cluster analysis methods for processing data and applications in specific example. In this work are cluster analysis methods explained applied extensive ata file. The biggest part of the work deals with fuzzy clustering methods and algorithms, which are used for clustering and fuzzy clustering. The Algorithm C-Means is applied to example data file from ekonomic field.


Dear Sir,Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare bleeding disorder, with variable pathogenesis, similar to inherited von Willebrand disease in term of laboratory findings and clinical sev...


In conditions of high competition, the problem of risk management at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex becomes particularly relevant. Risks are interrelated and have a direct impact on the company's operations. For the timely detection of threats and rapid response to them, enterprises need to create a risk management system aimed at reducing the probability of occurrence or impact of risk.


A large literature uses high-frequency changes in interest rates around FOMC announcements to study monetary policy. These yield changes have puzzlingly low explanatory power for the stock market - even in a narrow 30-minute window. We propose a new approach to test whether the unexplained variation represents monetary policy news or just noise. In particular, we allow for a latent "Fed non-yield curve shock'', which we estimate via a heteroskedasticity-based procedure. Using a test for weak identification, we show that our shock is well identified, that is, the unexplained variation is not just noise. We then go on to show that the shock, signed to increase stock prices, leads to sizable declines in the equity and variance premium, an increase in the 10-year term premium, an increase in short-run inflation expectations, as well as a dollar depreciation against multiple non-safe-haven currencies. Hence, the evidence supports the interpretation that the shock affects risk-appetite and leads to a reverse "flight-to-safety'' effect. Lastly, using a method from the computational linguistics literature, we show that our shock can be linked to specific topics discussed in FOMC statements, suggesting that it reflects written communication by the Federal Reserve.


In this paper, some features of the aggregation operators min, max and generalized means, that are relevant for the construction of new distance functions by applying aggregation operator on sequence of some given distance functions, are examined and presented. The features of the constructed distance function depend on the characteristics of the applied aggregation operator. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 47S40, 32F45


In Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, for a group of warped product spacetimes, we get a generalized master equation for the perturbation of tensor type. We show that the "effective metric" or "acoustic metric" for the tensor perturbation equation can be defined even without a static condition. Since this master equation does not depend on the mode expansion, the hyperbolicity and causality of the tensor perturbation equation can be investigated for every mode of the perturbation. Based on the master equation, we study the hyperbolicity and causality for all relavent vacuum solutions of this theory. For each solution, we give the exact hyperbolic condition of the tensor perturbation equations. Our approach can also applied to dynamical spacetimes, and Vaidya spacetime have been investigated as an example.


In recent years due to the comprehensive development of normal universities the training of the ability of the class teacher is greatly ignored,which leads to the gradual decline of the ability of their graduates..As a result of generalization of the course,course for class teacher is excluded beyond the school syllabus.As the teaching practice is just a form,the service ability of the class teacher doesn't actualize.Only the professional ability is included in the syllabus to establish course system and practice system with normal characteristics,can the normal universities produce the qualified teachers for primary and middle schools.


The verification of ASICs through simulation is critical to ensure their successful operation in particle physics detectors and to minimize the number of long and expensive production cycles required. Three radiation-tolerant ASICs (HCC, AMAC, and ABC) will perform the front-end readout, monitoring, and control of the ITk Strip charged-particle tracker for the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC. The Python-based cocotb verification framework is used to design sophisticated tests with contributions from ASIC verification non-experts and students. The verification program includes interactions between multiple ASICs, realistic data flows, operational stress tests, and a focus on mitigation of disruptive Single Event Effects due to radiation.


Deconfined regions in relativistic heavy ion collisions are limited to small volumes surrounded by a confined exterior. Using the geometry of a double layered torus, we keep an outside temperature slightly lower than the inside temperature, so that both regions are in the SU(3) scaling region. Deconfined volume sizes are chosen to be in a range typical for such volumes created at the BNL RHIC. Even with small temperature differences a dependence of the (pseudo) deconfining temperature on a colder surrounding temperature is clearly visible. For temporal lattice sizes Ntau=4, 6 and 8 we find consistency with SU(3) scaling behavior for the measured transition temperature signals.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a combination used in therapeutic, prophylactic or palliative treatment of pain. Proposed combination consists of the following components: (a) alpha-2-delta ligand chosen from habapentine, prehabaline, [(1R,5R,6S)-6-(aminomethyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]acetic acid, 3-(1-aminomethylcyclohezylmethyl)-4H-[1.2.4]oxadiazol-5-one, C-[1-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)cycloheptyl]methylamine, (3S,4S)-(1-aminomethyl-3,4-dimethylcyclopentyl)acetic acid, (1α,3α,5α)-(3-aminomethylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)acetic acid, (3S,5R)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyloctanoic acid, (3S,5R)-3-methylheptanoic acid, (3S,5R)-3-amino-5-methylnonanoic acid and (3S,5R)-3-amino-5-methyloctanoic acid, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of them, and (b) S,S-reboxetine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt wherein alpha-2-delta ligand and S,S-reboxetine are taken in the range of ratio from 1:10 to 10:1 of mass parts. Proposed combination provides decreasing the dose of each substance that results to declining adverse effects and enhancing clinical utility of compounds. Also, invention describes using this combination and a set comprising this combination. EFFECT: improved, enhanced and valuable properties of combinations. 8 cl, 3 ex


there are different juristic laws in different countries at different times.The juristic rules of China decide the characteristics of China′s jurisdiction and its jurisdiction structure system,and therefore define the principle of jurisdiction allocation in the minority areas of China.The juristic activity in minority area is affected by two factors: the nature and the society,showing the features that are oriented by geography,times,culture,and nationality in the core elements of jurisdiction,and therefore jurisdiction allocation is affected.


Bianchi type-II dark energy cosmological model with variable equation of state (EoS) parameter in (Nordtvedt 1970) general scalar tensor theory of gravitation .To get a determinate solution of the field equation we take the help of special law of variation for Hubble parameter presented by Barman(1983) which yields a cosmological model with negative constant deceleration parameter. Some physical and kinematical properties of model are also discussed.


This paper extends previous theoretical work on waves in floating ice plates to take account of the following effects: (i) compressive stress in the plane of the plate, (ii) uniform flow in the underlying water, and (iii) stratification of the underlying water. The first two effects are unlikely to be important in practice, causing respectively a slight decrease in phase speed and mainly a re-orientation of the wave pattern due to a steadily moving source. A two-layer model is used to describe stratification, which introduces a new system of slow internal waves associated with the layer interface, while the surface flexural waves are only slightly modified. In the case of unstratified water there is a minimum speed cmin such that more slowly moving sources excite a static rather than a wavelike response in the ice. With stratified water there remains a variety of steady wave patterns due to the internal waves, at source speeds below cmin. Another important effect of stratification is to greatly increase wave drag. For certain source load distributions, internal-wave amplitudes may grow until linear theory is no longer applicable.


Aim: To explore the effects of sodium glutamate on sodium channel protein 1. 7 subunit( Nav1. 7) expression in PC12 cells. Methods: After respectively treated by 5,10,20,40 nmol / L sodium glutamate to stimulate PC12 cells for 14 hours,immunofluorescence,RT-PCR,and Western-blot were used to assess the change of Nav1. 7 and SCN9A mRNA. Results: There were significant differences in RT-PCR,immunofluorescence and Western-blot results( F = 11. 821, 61. 871,23. 274,P 0. 001). Compared with control group,the results of sodium glutamate groups significantly increased except RT-PCR result of 5 nmol / L sodium glutamate group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The excitatory amino acid could enhance the expression of Nav1. 7 in PC12 cells.


Abstract Two theorems of Gateva-Ivanova [Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, braces and symmetric groups, Adv. Math. 338 (2018), 649–701] on square-free set-theoretic solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation are extended to a wide class of solutions. The square-free hypothesis is almost completely removed. Gateva-Ivanova and Majid's 'cyclic' condition ${\boldsymbol {\rm lri}}$ is shown to be equivalent to balancedness, introduced in Rump [A decomposition theorem for square-free unitary solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, Adv. Math. 193 (2005), 40–55]. Basic results on balanced solutions are established. For example, it is proved that every finite, not necessarily square-free, balanced brace determines a multipermutation solution.


The dynamic PLA style has become popular in designing high performance microprocessors because of its high speed and predictable routing delay. However like all other dynamic circuits, dynamic PLAs have suffered from the crosstalk noise problem. In this paper, we propose two techniques to alleviate crosstalk noise for dynamic PLAs. The first technique makes use of the fact that depending on the ordering of product lines, some crosstalk does not cause errors in outputs. A proper ordering can greatly reduce the number of lines affected by crosstalk noise. For those product lines which can be affected by crosstalk, we attempt to reduce the parallel length by re-ordering the input and output lines. We have performed experiments on a large set of MCNC benchmark circuits. The results show that after re-ordering, 86.7% of product lines become crosstalk immune and need not be considered for crosstalk prevention.


To the Editor.— Graybill and his collaborators reported an epidemic of 221 cases of neuromyasthenia, primarily among hospital personnel, at the Lackland Air Force Base in Texas (219:1440, 1972). The syndrome was characterized chiefly by acute gastroenteritis, myalgias, and lethargy, among numerous other symptoms, and in 18 of the cases, encephalopathy. Extensive and obviously very careful epidemiologic studies failed to elicit a cause, despite consideration of possible bacteriologic, viral, or toxic etiology. The syndrome is reminiscent of one we have encountered many times in the course of more than two decades of investigation, in persons exposed to chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbon, organic phosphorus, or carbamate insecticides, used in and about hospitals, schools, apartment buildings, homes, and other structures. There is no indication in the paper by Graybill and associates that possible exposure to insecticides was considered in the search for an etiologic agent. Hospitals especially are routinely treated by exterminators at


In this article the whys, the hows, and the whens of the analysis applied to orchestral and choral conduc- ting are described. To further deepen into didactics of the analysis applied to conducting, I present firstly the pairing of technique-performance from the conductor's point of view, with special mention to the analysis-gesture relationship. Secondly, three types of gestural functions related to three different models of analysis are described: to) descriptive function and catalyst of the indications of the musical text; (b) preventive function - anticipation of the changes-; and (c) interpretive function. Thirdly, different analytical methods that can provide the information needed to conduct a piece competently, including textual analy- sis, process analysis, aural analysis with its multiple layers, and psycho-perceptive and phenomenological analysis, among others, are described. All these analytical methods can be related in the process of un- derstanding music and both technique (gestures) and interpretation are based on their results. In order to illustrate the complexity of the task, an approach to the analysis of the score and its sequencing process is provided, together with a list of complementary analytical tools especially useful for conductors. Finally, a methodological model is given as a guidance to tackle the analysis of the score from the conductor's perspective, at different stages of its activity (study, rehearsals and performance).


List of illustrations Acknowledgements Abbreviations Preface Introduction: food, substance and symbol 1. Diet 2. Food and the economy 3. Food crisis 4. Malnutrition 5. Otherness 6. Forbidden foods 7. Food and the family 8. Haves and havenots 9. You are with whom you eat Conclusion: choice and necessity Bibliographical essay Bibliography Index.


e13124Background: Chemotherapeutic resistance leads to high mortality among triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Exosomes have been new member of liquid biophsy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as the most important inclusions in exosomes, making them ideal candidate biomarkers and therapeutical targets. Methods: We isolated exosomes and analyzed exosome-carried miRNAs signatures in several TNBC cells lines sensitive or resistant to adariamycin, docetaxel or cisplatin. The resistance transfer capacity was determined by flow cytometry after sensitive cells incubated 48 hours with exosomes from drug resistant cells. Locked nucleic acid probes and enzyme-labeled fluorescence (LNA-ELF-FISH) was performed to detect exosomal miRNA molecules transfer. Animal mode was constructed to evaluate treatment feasibility using miRNA modified exosomes. Serum exosomes from 40 TNBC stage IV patients underwent chemotherapy before or after progress disease (PD) status were isolated to anal...


This paper presents physical models for simulating unsteady fish motions, including bursting, gliding, braking, turning, ascending and descending. A new wave model, the controllable body wave model, is developed to undulate the fish body to produce bursting and gliding motions. A key frame approach is adopted to realize braking, turning, descending and ascending. In the key frame method, individual motions are decomposed into sequences of key steps. The gestures of the fish in these key steps are recorded and regarded as key frames. In the run time, these recorded key frames are sequentially reproduced to generate swimming patterns. In addition to generating swimming patterns, the fish is forced to move along a curve trajectory in each individual motion. The trajectory is sketched by using a cubic Bezier curve so that the motion steering is simplified and the motion path is adaptable.


In this paper,the harmonious development of hunan tourism industry was investigated from hunan tourism resources optimization use,the tourism industry environmental protection concept,the tourism industry economic and environmental resources protection technology three aspects according to the existing conditions,characteristics and law.The aim of this work is to seek environmental tourism concept and promote the tourism industry and the coordinated development of the natural environment on the premise of improving the quality of tourism activities and no reducing the tourism industry economic indicators.


A feminist conspiracy couldn't have planted the number of trend pieces about women we've seen this year. Touting the new economic dominance of women, Hanna Rosin's The End of Men became a bestseller alongside Naomi Wolf's Vagina: A New Biography. The Atlantic published popular articles such as "Why Women Still Can't Have It All" by Anne-Marie Slaughter a former high-ranking State Department official, and "All the Single Ladies," by Kate Bolick, on the trials, and ultimately the joys, of being single in a world of independent, amazingly well-housed women.  Bolick describes the sisterhood:  Deb gave me the use of her handsome mid-century apartment in Chelsea when she vacated town for a meditation retreat; Courtney bequeathed her charming Brooklyn aerie while she traveled alone through Italy; Catherine put me up at her rambling Cape Cod summer house . . .


At the end of 2014, VNPA campaigner nick made one of the toughest decisions of his career - to leave the VNPA after nearly 13 years.


1. Functions 2. Quadratic functions and equations 3. Probability 4. Exponential and logarithmic functions 5. Rational functions 6. Patterns, sequences and series 7. Limits and derivatives 8. Descriptive statistics 9. Integration 10. Bivariate analysis 11. Trigonometry 12. Vectors 13. Circular functions 14. Calculus with trigonometric functions 15. Probability distributions 16. Exploration 17. Using a graphic display calculator 18. Prior learning 19. Practice papers Answers


Nail-shaped bidirectional soil-cement mixing pile, as a new foundation reinforcement technology, has been successfully applied in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. The application of nail-shaped cement soil bidirectional mixing pile in the construction of the Huangshansi Drainage Pumping Station is the first attempt of this process in the water conservancy projects in our province. Through analysis of geological exploration data, it is determined that the process of nail-shaped bidirectional soil-cement mixing pile is used to reinforce the foundations of intake gate, retaining walls at both sides of fore bay, sink tank, water culvert, flare wall, etc of this pumping station. The composite foundation bearing capacity calculations, settlement calculations and filed mixing core sampling intensity tests and analysis have shown that this design is rational. As this process is technically advanced and economically rational, the authors advise to promote the use of this process in other similar projects.


Introduction: the physiotherapists who work in an intensive care unit (ICU) are exposed to risk of illness due to particularities of the work context in this sector. Aim: to investigate the context of the work in an intensive care unit from the perspective of the worker health and the health-disease process. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with 20 physiotherapists from two adult ICUs, selected by convenience, from private hospitals in São Luís Maranhão. For data collection were used the Work Context Assessment Scale (EACT). This is divided into three factors: socio-professional relations, work organization and conditions. Results: there was a predominance of females, with an average age of 28.55 ± 3.45 years and professionals with weekly workload from 30 to 60h. Among the 31 EACT items, one indicated negative assessment (there is a strong demand for results) and eight items indicated moderate critical assessment (work rate is excessive; tasks are made with time pressure; norms for performing tasks are rigid; there is performance oversight; there is division between planner and executor; tasks are repetitive; there is no time to rest at work and a lot of noise in the work environment). Of the three factors that make up the EACT, there was observed an unfavorable perception of work organization. Conclusion: there was the physiotherapists a negative perception of work organization in the context of the ICU. The EACT items indicate that the work context in the ICU moderately favors the illness of this professional. Keyword: Working Environment; Occupational Risk; Occupational Health. Avaliação do contexto de trabalho em terapia intensiva na percepção de fisioterapeutas Work context assessment in intensive therapy units in the perception of physiotherapists Gustavo de Jesus Pires da Silva1*; Pedro Antonio Muniz Ferreira2; Rute Pires Costa1; Cristiane Martins Serra Pires3; Louise Aline Romão Gondim4; José Pedro da Silva Sousa1 1Faculdade Santa Terezinha (CEST), São Luís, MA, Brasil 2Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brasil 3Hospital São Domingos, São Luís, MA, Brasil 4Curso de Fisioterapia da Uinversidade Ceuma (UNICEUMA), São Luis, MA, Brasil Como citar: Silva GJP, Ferreira PAM, Costa RP, Pires CMS, Gondim LAR, Sousa JPS. Avaliação do contexto de trabalho em terapia intensiva na percepção de fisioterapeutas. ASSOBRAFIR Ciênc. 2020;11:e37979. https://doi. org/10.47066/2177-9333.AC.2020.0003 Submissão em: Setembro 29, 2019 Aceito em: Outubro 07, 2020 Estudo realizado em: Hospital Geral da rede privada de São Luis, São Luís, MA, Brasil. Aprovação ética: Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (Parecer Consubstanciado no 409.353/2013). *Autor correspondente: Gustavo de Jesus Pires da Silva. E-mail: email@example.com, guru_ email@example.com


This paper reports on a novel reconfigurable design for an aluminum nitride (AlN) MEMS resonator filter with a GHz level center frequency (f<inf>0</inf>). Measurement of resonators fabricated by an AlN foundry indicates roughly linear dependence of f<inf>0</inf> on filter location due to process variation over a 4 mm2 die area. To improve f<inf>0</inf> performance yield, an Extended Statistical Element Selection (ESES) approach is implemented. The measured ESES 50 Ω matched filter demonstrates a 10× improvement in success rate for meeting the f<inf>0</inf> target of 1.16 GHz within a ±20 kHz tolerance.


We investigate dynamically the timing and metal‐silicate equilibration processes during core formation by negative diapirism. Using numerical modeling in 3‐D axisymmetric geometry, we follow the sinking of iron‐rich diapirs through a viscous silicate mantle. We carried out a parameter study in which shear heating as well as several viscous rheologies are considered and systematically varied. General scaling laws are derived for the diapir sinking velocity as well as for the silicate melt generation and distribution around the diapir. Using these scaling laws, we show that metal diapirs of a radius ∼1–100 m, sinking through a partially molten silicate mantle can chemically equilibrate within the timescales suggested by geochemical constraints. Therefore negative diapirism can contribute significantly to metal‐silicate equilibration processes during core formation.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a synthetic lipid A mimetic, particularly the APG compound CRX547, to induce TRIF-biased signaling through the TLR4 receptor complex.SOLUTION: The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for reducing levels of MyD88-dependent cytokines relative to the MyD88-dependent cytokines induced when a composition containing a lipid A mimetic that is not CRX547 is administered to a human. The pharmaceutical composition contains CRX547 and a lipid A mimetic that is not CRX547.SELECTED DRAWING: None


This paper mainly deals with the influence of the variety of span-thickness ratio of beams on arching action of reinforced concrete frame beams through trial experiment research and theory analyzes.By experimental study and theoretical analysis,limit carrying capacity of reinforced concrete frame beams can be enhanced largely owing to arching action.The larger span-thickness ratio of beams is,the lower arching action of reinforced concrete frame beams and limit carrying capacity is,but the reduction is disproportionate.


Infants having regional anesthesia (RA) haveincreased risk for local anesthetic systemic toxicityand, following epidural bupivacaine infusions, can have high plasma bupivacaine concentrations.1 Limited evidence supports the effective use of 2-chloroprocaine in infant epidural infusions2,3 but reports of peripheral nerve blocks with 2-chloroprocaine are sparse. Paravertebral nerve blocks (PVNBs) are alternatives to epidural analgesia for thoracic and abdominal surgeries with limited reports on 2-chloroprocaine PVNB in infants. We provide a retrospective review of our experience using 1.5% 2-chloroprocaine PVNB infusionsin infants.


National parks and other protected areas attract increasingly tourists in Finland, which highlights the importance of sustainable tourism. Various international initiatives, ecolabels and certification programs, such as PAN Parks in Europe, have been introduced to promote sustainable nature-based tourism. Often tourists are also given responsibility to prevent negative impacts of their activities. This paper examines the role of nature tourists in developing sustainable tourism in protected areas: How concerned are they for the environment? How do they consider environmental aspects when travelling? How do they respond to tourism ecolabels and certifications? The paper is based on concurrent interview and survey studies conducted in Oulanka National Park, one of the certified PAN Parks in Finland. The paper indicates that only a small proportion of tourists are highly concerned for the environment and interested in ecolabels, and aim at travelling in an environmentally responsible way. Nature tourists' lack of response to ecolabels and environmentally friendly behavior undermines their role in developing sustainable tourism. Therefore, the study results emphasize the role of regulation, incentives and guidance in implementing ecological, socio-cultural and economic sustainability in tourism companies and destinations. Nature tourists' concern for the environment and response... 28 NGP Yearbook 2010 of sustainable tourism is based on the idea that tourist attitudes, choices and behavior about the environment critically influence sustainability and should therefore be taken into consideration (see Swarbrooke 1999; Weaver & Lawton 2004). Especially in sensitive nature-based destinations, tourists are often given responsibility to prevent negative impacts of their activities. The type of tourists and tourist activities in natural areas play an important role in determining environmental impacts (e.g. Törn et al. 2009). Thus, research is needed to find out whether the growing segment of nature tourists in protected areas concerns for the environment and travels in an environmentally friendly way. This paper examines the role of nature tourists in developing sustainable tourism in protected areas: How concerned are they for the environment? How do they consider environmental aspects when travelling? How do they respond to tourism ecolabels and certifications? The aim is to present the variety of nature tourists' environmental views and behaviors. The paper is based on the most important findings of concurrent interview (Puhakka in press) and survey studies (Puhakka & Siikamäki forthcoming; see Ylimaunu 2009) conducted in Oulanka National Park, one of the certified PAN Parks in Finland.


This study has examined the use of a cylindrical parabolic collector (CPC) and solar panels in the solar still unit for more heating. The results of two different setups were then compared so that the first setup was a simple solar still unit and the second setup was a solar still unit with solar panels and the CPC device. The depth of saline water in the basin was 30 mm. Based on the results, the use of solar panels, thermal elements and the CPC device had a major impact on the amount of water sweetening during the experiments. In this paper, the experiments presented a new method for increasing the amount of water. With regards to the newly presented method, there has been a significant increase in the amount of solar energy absorbed in the whole process of water sweetening. Experiments were performed at 300-watt and 400-watt solar panels and CPC devices with lengths of 1 m and 2 m. The cooling of solar panels was also investigated and compared with the process without cooling.


Two traversals of FP-tree are needed for constructing a conditional FP-tree.A FP-array technique is presented that greatly reduces the need to traverse FP-trees.A very effective closed frequent pattern algorithm is presented which uses a variation of the FP-tree structure for checking the closedness of frequent itemsets in combination with the FP-array.Experimental results show that the algorithm works especially well.


It is inevitable that discussion of the dream in literature, and particularly over the last hundred years, tends to focus on Freud and the relevance of Freudian interpretation. The mark of Freud upon twentieth-century thought is in fact so great that other reflections on the dream are often forgotten. This article discusses two French novels of the 1890s, Rachilde's La Princesse des tenebres1 and Alfred Jarry's Les fours et les nuits2, which belong to the period leading up to the publication of Die Traumdeutung (1900) and illustrate an approach to the literary dream which is distinct from Freudian attitudes, and has identifiable links with the native thought of the time. The novels also merit joint discussion on the grounds of the high level of intertextuality that exists between them. Jarry and Rachilde were close friends indeed Jarry paid Rachilde the compliment of selecting her novel for the library of his Dr. Faustroll in the first manuscript version of Gestes et Opinions du Docteur Faustroll, pataphysicien (0. C. I, p.1221) 3, and praised it further in an article written for La Plume in 1903.4 Les fours et les nuits and La Princesse des tenebres share an approach to consciousness and delirium that makes for a fine practical example of the cult of textual mystery so dear to the Symbolist circles in which Rachilde and Jarry moved. At the same time, these works represent the apogee of the writing of delirium in both novelists, who subsequently moved away from their shared ground in opposing directions.


We consider rate-optimal scheduling of multicasts in wireless coded packet networks under a probabilistic interference model, in which packets are successfully received if the instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio exceeds a threshold. This is in contrast to previous works on network coding, where interference has been handled in an all-or-nothing fashion by a collision model, and separately from channel fading. Our work is based on a formulation of the link rates that uses broadcast functions, because this allows for a significant complexity reduction by leveraging the problem's polymatroid structure. We show that there exists an optimal schedule whose length is limited by the number of nodes times the number of terminals of the multicast. We then present a greedy formulation of the scheduling problem and show how it can be solved efficiently in combination with convex optimization algorithms. The new approach is tested numerically against other methods on networks with independent Rayleigh fading channels and it finds better schedules in less time.


Game system comprises image obtaining means, direction calculation means, first rotation means, and display control means. Image obtaining means obtains an image taken by the imaging device. Direction calculation means calculates a direction determined at the first time from the image of the imaging target included in the image captured by the imaging device. First rotation means rotates an operation target in accordance with the calculated direction. Display control means displays an image generated images according to the rotation of the operation target performed by the first rotation means and to generate a screen of the display device. Games, information processing, controller, image


Abstract The USA Patriot Act (2001) has the laudable mission of providing national security and stability. Yet many see this hastily crafted legislation as raining down collateral damage upon individual liberties that are protected by the U.S. Constitution. This paper seeks to identify the relationship between the competing values of security and freedom in an effort to quantify the conditions under which a stable balance between them may continue to exist. The model predicts that if the mutual effects of competition are small with respect to their carrying capacities then freedom and security may both be reduced, but neither will become extinct from situations of conflict. However, if the competitive effect of these situations is too large, whether for one or the other or both, then the model predicts that the principle of competitive exclusion will apply : That one value will grow to its maximum while the other goes to extinction. The paper concludes by providing a plausible explanation of what might happen in actuality.


In the early 1980s, the ICU survival rate of patients with AIDS, most of whom had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), was low. Prophylaxis and


Based on the theoretical analysis, with first-hand data collection and using multiple regression models, this study explored the relationship between personality trait, stressor and stress response. We draw on the following conclusions: (1) Four stressors (work, health, family and social) as well as two personal traits (openness and neuroticism) are predictors of total stress response, wherein neuroticism is a positive predictor while openness a negative predictor; (2) Four stressors (work, health, family and social) and two personal traits (openness and neuroticism) are predictors of physiological stress response, wherein neuroticism is a positive predictor while openness a negative predictor; (3) Four stressors (work, health, family and social) and three personal traits (neuroticism, openness and agreeableness) are predictors of psychological stress response, wherein neuroticism is a positive predictor while openness and agreeableness are negative predictors; (4)Three stressors (health, family and social) and the three personal traits (conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness) are predictors of behavioral stress response, wherein neuroticism is a positive predictor while conscientiousness and openness are negative predictors.


The species of Caenonomada, a bee genus characteristic of the xeric habitats of eastern South America, are revised. Three species are recognized, including a new one, C. labrata sp. nov., from central Brazil. A lectotype is designated for C. tertia Cockerell, 1912, which is considered a synonym of C. unicalcarata (Ducke, 1908). This species has its main area of occurrence in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil and two isolated records, here interpreted as disjunct populations, in central Brazil and in Tucumán, Argentina. C. bruneri Ashmead, 1899 occurs in northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. Tetrapedia pluricinctaVachal, 1909, previously considered a species of Caenonomada, is transferred to the genus Monoeca Lepeletier & Serville, 1828. An identification key and illustrations are provided. Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters of adult specimens supported only one hypothesis of relationship among the species: ((C. bruneri + C. labrata sp. nov.) C. unicalcarata). The resulting area cladogram implies two vicariance events, followed by dispersal of C. unicalcarata from northeastern Brazil to the arid regions of northern Argentina. The historical relationship between the areas, as indicated by the present study, is different from that obtained by other authors who studied forest associated organisms. It is postulated that this divergence is due to the fact that the historical hypotheses refer to different ancestral biotas, one associated with xeric habitats and the other associated with forest habitats.


Patients constant monitoring is considered one of the most relevant aspects in healthcare. The development of a solution to communicate information between mobile and biometric devices allowing constant monitoring of the patient is viewed as a solution to healthcare issues. In this paper, we define an important element in framework design like that: a group of ontologies called MoMOntology that represent the ontologies of mobile monitoring process and allow to collect data from biometrics devices; to facilitate the communication between elements, we are defined a layer for each device (mobile phone, biometrics devices and server). To development a mobile monitoring applications, we are defined a MobiPattern for each modules generation; and finally, we are development framework compounded by an application for the patient on the mobile phone and an application for doctors on the personal computer.


Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann-Wigner Equations are relativistically invariant quantum mechanical many body equations with nontrivial interaction, selfregularization and probability interpretation. The partonic substructure of electroweak gauge bosons is assumed to result from two fermionic constituents in accordance with de Broglie's fusion theory. For this case exact vector boson solutions are studied. The quantum numbers of these states are derived and lead to a SU(2) ⊗ U(1) classification, where the photon states are identified with the U(1) representation for simplicity. In addition the angular momentum conditions for these states are discussed and it is shown that owing to selfregularization the corresponding secular equations of these states are finite and lead to the phenomenological wave equation of the photon as its effective dynamics.


Tumour-induced angiogenesis is one of the six hallmarks of cancer. The localized balance between supply and demand of nutrients and oxygen is disturbed when tumours are formed resulting in tumours receiving less nutrients and oxygen. The hypoxic (lack of oxygen) tumours trigger sprouting until the newly-created capillaries develop a network of blood vessels (through angiogenesis) connecting the tumour to the rest of the cardiovascular system. This process is affected by an interplay between different cell types, the mechanical stresses in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the cell signalling networks. Each newly-formed capillary, sprout, is made up of two parts, the tip cell and the stalk cells, with the morphology of the newly-created cells highly dependent on the tip cells' movements. In this thesis I developed one of the first phase-field models of angiogenesis incorporating the mechanics of the phenomenon. In addition, it is the only model to make a connection between the movement of the tip cell and the fracture of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the model integrates the biochemical elements into the mechanical progression of the tip. The solver presented here uses a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) to model different aspects of the phenomenon. This solver consists of three modules; biomechanical, biochemical, and the vascular network module. The biomechanical module is a set of two PDEs. They are the linear momentum balance equation and a phase-field equation for handling the two phases, the endothelial cells (ECs) and the ECM. The constitutive model used here is for anisotropic soft material for both the ECs and the ECM. Energy-based criterion for soft material is used for the fracture of the ECM. Second-order phase-field models are developed here and are discussed with a set of examples. The second module, biochemical, is made of four advection-diffusion-reaction equations,