The proprietary control of CNC machines results in the inability to control and enhance inputs because the program codes cannot be modified owing to their distribution by vendors in the compiled form. In this paper, we present a method to utilize a GRBL-Arduino based controller to run a simple two-axis computerized numerical control (CNC) machine. We obtained drawing file by converting a JPG or PNG image of a hexagon or a circle into a drawing file using the software application Img2CAD. Two-dimensional manufacturing was carried out on the obtained drawing file to generate the G-code file by the CAD/CAM software application UG NX. The G-code file generated is given as input to the GRBL-Arduino based controller using the Java-based Windows application Universal GcodeSender (UGS). UGS is linked to the Arduino Uno and GRBL shield V5 hardware via a serial communication port. Before executing the G-code program, the circle or hexagon to be drawn can be visualized using G-code visualizer option in UGS. G-code program was executed through UGS to run two 2.6 kg-cm stepper motors for motion along x and y-axis direction via drivers incorporated on the GRBL-Arduino controller. These stepper motors were part of a simple two-axis CNC machine comprising aluminum angle brackets, chromed chords, linear motion bearings, a timing belt, and a timing pulley. Stepper motors cause motion of the mentioned mechanical components to draw desired image of circle or hexagon. This work can be extended to develop a three-axis CNC machine by utilizing the third inbuilt stepper driver of the GRBL shield V5; in this study, we used only two of the three inbuilt stepper drivers for the stepper motors. Using the third driver will facilitate the use of a third axis so that the machine can function as a milling machine. Hardware for the third axis must be developed to incorporate a z-axis motor.


Workshop Report • Preparing a workforce to meet the challenges of large-scale neuroscience data. • Producing curricula and resources for large-scale neuroscience data analysis. Arlington, VA • November 13 & 14, 2014 Funding: National Science Foundation


__________________________________________________________________________ HIV/AIDS discourse mostly reveals people's perceptions, attitudes and behaviour, as well as required actions towards the disease. As the scourge rages in the world especially on the African continent, concerted efforts at combating the pandemic gather momentum both within and outside Africa. In all these efforts, the use of language is very paramount and of significant effect. Thus, at various fora, public figures and other stakeholders have devoted time to making speeches and giving talks focusing on the need for passionate strategies to combat the menace and make the African continent safe again. This paper focuses on the on-going HIV/AIDS discourse with particular interest in analysing the use of rhetoric in enlisting appropriate actions that will put an end to the nightmare. Therefore, three related speeches, one from Thabo Mbeki (Former President, Republic of South Africa), Dr Luis Sambo (Former WHO Regional Director for Africa), and Matthew T. Harrington (US Ambassador to the Kingdom of Lesotho), were selected for analysis using rhetoric as the analytical tool.


An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of traditional clear-cutting with those of strip cutting on regeneration of black spruce, Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P., stands on scarified and uns...


Across the globe, remote image data is rapidly being collected for the assessment of benthic communities from shallow to extremely deep waters on continental slopes to the abyssal seas. Exploiting this data is presently limited by the time it takes for experts to identify organisms found in these images. With this limitation in mind, a large effort has been made globally to introduce automation and machine learning algorithms to accelerate both classification and assessment of marine benthic biota. One major issue lies with organisms that move with swell and currents, like kelps. This paper presents an automatic hierarchical classification method to classify kelps from images collected by autonomous underwater vehicles. The proposed kelp classification approach exploits learned image representations extracted from deep residual networks. These powerful and generic features outperform the traditional off-the-shelf CNN features, which have already shown superior performance over the conventional hand-crafted features. Experiments also demonstrate that the hierarchical classification method outperforms the common parallel multi-class classifications by a significant margin. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the efficient applicability of the proposed method to study the change in kelp cover over time for annually repeated AUV surveys.


In the blazing heat of a Canadian summer, rather sleepy eyed and unbreakfasted, I climbed down the enormous carriage steps of a great Canadian Pacific train. I was in Toronto at last, after a busy week touring Montreal, Quebec, and surrounding areas during which I was able to visit a number of general practitioners in their places of work. However, I was feeling cutriously at home and comfortable despite several nights of train travel and lack of sleep. From American film experience, it's likely that you will be familiar with the smiling presence of the coloured attendant who handed my cases down. A few days before, I had purchased a light Dacron suit and despite the very high temperature, I was enjoying the weather. Very soon, I remounted those now familiar carriage steps en route for Dundas, a small town near Hamilton, Ontario. Good fortune vied with the sun for I stepped straight into a breakfast car of a Hamilton bound train and my table companion happened to be an English relative ofa medical acquaintance at home. This intelligence was established within seconds.


The author recommended the design and manufactures of fixture for leakage-stoppage under stress, the encapsulant's choice and the application in the chemical plant in the article.


The Purpose of this work is to clarify what aspect as a Yeonsijo Johongsiga(早紅枾歌) has, one of Sijo works written by Park, inro. Johongsiga is handed down to this day with composition of total 4 poems. However there is a shade of difference in the annotation which reveals the motivation and story of the creation depending on literatures where the work was recorded, by which questions and much controversy considering the number and properties of the work have arisen here. This work thereby tries to analyze with a focus on the work as it is, with an exception of the annotation as it causes confusion. Analysis was carried out regarding the external structure and the internal one of 4 poems of Johongsiga. As a result, supporting parents faithfully was found to be shared as the same subject in all 4 poems, as well as a narrator``s replacement of a vicarious narrator. It indicates that the 4 poems, in terms of the external frame, are arranged as follows: narrator(the first poem)-a vicarious narrator( the second·third poem)-a narrator(the fourth poem), moreover it shows that they, in terms of the internal implication, are closely connected with each other. The first poem is classified into the heart-based manifestation of supporting parents faithfully and the limitation of it. In which, the second poem makes the former to embodiment in detail, and then the third one converts the latter to conquest of the limitation. Furthermore, the 4th poem covers the entire mentioned previously in such a way turning the meaning to the supporting is the same in essential. Taking into account the internal and external structure, it is thought that Johongsiga is a well-organized and complete Yeonsijo with total 4 poems, unlike its looks.


This paper deals with the optimization problem of internal structure of neural-network (NN)-based state estimators of the drive system with elastic joints. Saliency-based optimization methods, developed in the NN theory, are tested in this paper to obtain the high-quality estimation of torsional torque and load-machine speed. The optimal brain damage and optimal brain surgeon methods are compared in this application. The state variables estimated by the optimized NN are used in feedback paths in the two-mass drive structure with a state controller. The simulation results show good accuracy of both presented neural estimators for a wide range of changes of the reference speed and the load torque. The simulation results are verified by laboratory experiments.


Nb–Nb2O5–metal diodes, after voltage breakdown, exhibit current-controlled negative resistance and switching between two stable conduction states. Before breakdown, Nb–Nb2O5–Au diodes are electroluminescent with hole injection occurring at the Nb2O5–Au interface. After breakdown, electroluminescence is closely related to switching. The energy of emitted radiation has maxima at 1.3 and 1.6 eV. Electroluminescence is both polarity- and voltage-dependent, indicating that hole injection, not heating, produces electroluminescence. Increased electroluminescence accompanies diode switching. Microscopic observation shows that bistable switching and dielectric breakdown of Nb–Nb2O5–Au diodes occur at small conducting regions in the oxide. Destructive dielectric breakdown in Nb–Nb2O5–Cu diodes differs from that in Nb–Nb2O5–Au diodes.


: In this paper, the electrode surface concentration for non-Nernstian and Nernstian CT and the chemical thermodynamics is derived. This model represented a heat or partial differential equation and reconstructed changes over time in the Voltammetry chemical kinetics by using homotopy perturbation and Laplace transform method. In this closed form of analytical solutions of the concentration at electrode surface for non-Nernstian and Nernstian CT is derived. The non-Nernstian catalytic mechanism attains the steady-state, and a general transient current-potential is expressed. The influence of Sum of the electrochemical rate constants, the diffusion coefficient of species D and the steady-state current is obtained. It has a very straightforward mathematical form. The analytical results are in good agreement.


Associations among Grade, Sex, and Free and Reduced Price Lunch Eligibility with Use of Nutrition Labels in Middle and High School Students


A method on the pulse ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis was approached,the comparisons with traditional extraction method-freezing and thawing method were studied.Using Spirulina platensis as the raw material,pulse ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to extract phycocyanin,the parameters,such as ratio of water to material,extraction full-time,rotation rate of pump,ultrasonic power,pulse work-time,pulse pause-time were conducted by single factors and orthogonal experiments.The optimum conditions of pulse ultrasonic-assisted extraction are that extraction full-time is 90min,ultrasonic power is 1400w,pulse work-time is 6s,pulse pause-time is 9s,rotation rate of pump is 12r/s,extraction temperature is 20℃,when pouring material quantity is 20g,the extraction ratio of phycocyanin is 13.45%,it increases by 10.26% to freezing and thawing method.These results suggest that pulse ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a high efficiency method of extracting phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis.


This article presents an idea, design and test results of a new time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in an FPGA device. The high resolution of 13 ps and measurement range of 3.4 ns are achieved based on a two-stage time interpolation (TI). In the first and second stages of the TI we have used the Vernier delay line and a single tapped delay line, respectively. This solution provides respectable metrological parameters without the need to use a clock signal, and significantly saves the logical resources of an integrated circuit (IC). The proposed method, generally based on two different variants of the discrete delay line, is easy to design and implement in digital ICs. For experimental verification, the TDC was implemented in a single programmable device from family Virtex-7 (Xilinx).


OBJECTIVE
We investigated correlations among clinical features, degree of inner ear endolymphatic hydrops (EH), and hippocampal volume (HV) in different stages of Meniere's disease (MD).

METHODS
From February 2021 to April 2022, clinical data were collected from 99 patients (39 males, 60 females, mean age: 50.4 ± 10.0 [range: 26-69] years) with unilateral MD admitted to the Department of Vertigo Disease of Shandong ENT Hospital. The left and right ears were affected in 64 and 35 patients, respectively. There were 50 and 49 cases in early (Stages 1, 2) and late stages (Stages 3, 4), respectively. Fifty healthy participants were included as controls. Audiovestibular function test results, EH grading using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and HV determined on MRI were analyzed for patients at different stages of MD.

RESULTS
Between-group comparisons of early and late MD revealed significant differences in the disease course, vestibular function (VF), degree of EH, and HV. There were no significant between-group differences based on age, sex, affected side, subjective degree of dizziness, hospital anxiety, or depression. Mean HV in patients with early-stage MD was correlated with the canal paresis value of the caloric test and pure tone hearing threshold, HV in late-stage patients was correlated with vestibular EH.

CONCLUSION
Patients with late-stage MD exhibited severe auditory and VF impairments, increased EH, and atrophy of the HV. More advanced disease was associated with greater vestibular damage and degree of EH.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3 Laryngoscope, 2023.


During the last decade or so, there has been an uprising for cosmopolitan perspectives in political science. Cosmopolitanism seems to be the new modern approach to global problems. But various conceptions of cosmopolitanism are being used in the debate. Therefore, I look into the different positions to try to distil out some coherence and find different usable sketches when adapting a cosmopolitan perspective on justice, the state and the relation between communities. I use a critical approach which I call "questioning the ontological givens", which means that concepts taken for granted (such as political community, the state and the proper relation between states) are being revised and scrutinized. I have found that cosmopolitanism as currently defined by scholars is in many ways a theory of justice. The thesis also gives a possible approach to the divide in philosophy between communitarians and cosmopolitans, just as it discusses different cosmopolitan positions with regards to the basis of political community. The state under globalization is also discussed, offering a scheme for thinking about the state in cosmopolitanism.


A project funded by the Electric Power research Institute has produced a working prototype of a pantograph linkage supported, telescopic pole type tool with interchangeable cutting heads for trimming trees around electrical conductors. The tool is designed for mounting on the bucket of an aerial lift of the type commonly used for tree trimming. The three-section telescopic pole is constructed of non-conductive, filament wound, fiber-glass reinforced epoxy and is adjustable from an overall length of 7 feet to a fully extended length of 17 feet. The project goal was to obtain a 20% improvement in productivity of tree crews. Productivity gains are expected to result from fewer truck set-ups, faster tool positioning, and reduced user fatigue. The next phase of the project will involve test and evaluation of the prototype and will quantify actual productivity gains.


The question has been nagging me since a recent invitation to comment on a paper discussing new contours in ethical travel (Giang Thi Phi, Michelle Whitford, Dianne Dredge & Sacha Reid. Educating tourists for global citizenship: A microfinance tourism providers' perspective. Tourism Recreation Research 42(2): 235–247). The bubble has a remarkable history in tourism research. Around 1990, Urry pronounced that tourists gaze at whatever entices them – the attractions – in a socially constructed way. Their construed world, however, is not created ex nihilo – it mirrors the views of the dominant or hegemonic groups in their societies. Tourists see what they want to see or, better, learn how they are to gaze. Urry's deconstruction of this scheme became par for the course among academics. The bubble metaphor epitomised the new dispensation. Tourists were packaged in clumps of self-referencing consumers utterly engrossed in their menial concerns and fleeting pleasures, indifferent to the social fabric of their destinations and to the lives of their tourees. Herd-like they would meekly follow their tour leaders – the ones waving the little travel company pennants – and gladly chew on whatever contrived hodge-podge they fed them. After an evanescent loop in touristic space they would come back home believing they had a better understanding of how the other half lived. One may reasonably argue that Urry's own gaze exerted only one eye. It only gained traction under two provisos. One, that tourism overwhelmingly happened in top-heavy organisational settings where vacation stores (tour operators, airlines, etc.) designed, sold and provided an assortment of defined services (packaged tours) with little or no input on the part of the tourists and/or the locals. Two, that with Peter Pan-like obstinacy consumers would refuse to leave behind their maidentravel delusions, never advancing in savvy, nor shedding the safe guards foisted upon them by the bubble overseers. Independent travellers and the concept of tourist career made an impressive disappearing act from Urry's visual field. Two queries lingered negligently forsaken. Were never ever there single and small-group tourists? Did repeated travel stints not teach any new tricks to the bublees? Contrived as they already were in the Nineties, most Urrean claims lost their questionable poise what with travel co-creation and the striking, ever rising numbers of Indian, Southeast Asian and Chinese tourists. Among the latter, for instance, 44% of the present 20–24 age-cohort favour FIT (free independent travel) in their trips (Dichter, Chen, Saxon, Yu, & Suo, 2018, p. 10). Travel technology and rising tourists' autonomy thus drove two final nails in the bubble coffin. Or did they? The polyauthored screed I am dealing with shows credible proof that news of the bubble demise was greatly exaggerated. In their tackling of MFT (microfinance tourism), one of the many layers in the niche under the ethical tourism moniker, one finds it alive and kicking. MF is usually described as an alternative funding method that allows small companies and individuals with limited resources access financial services (loans, insurance, fund transfers) and participate in market operations. Trifling as they may appear, entry costs to most economic activities are a particularly thorny issue for aspiring entrepreneurs in emerging markets. Small capital amounts to defray them, start a business, and hopefully improve their livelihoods often remain beyond their reach as established banking institutions refuse to extend them credit in case of eventual noncompliance. MFT, as per the authors, may help fill the gap. It offers an opportunity for tourists to share experiences with a


Simulation of global economic growth to test the effects of the global economic slowdown in East Asia, and more particularly its impact on agriculture and processed food industry in North America that uses a dynamic model of GTAP and GTAP database version has been modified. The impact of the crisis in Asia against the length of world trade for agricultural production is indicated by a reduction in imports which will directly affect the economy. Overall agricultural products will also decrease. Decline in demand for agricultural products is followed by changes in the supply side. The crisis is setbacks that directly affect the economy of East Asia, not only revenue growth but also the development of the industry and its competitive ability in the long term.


Peatland restoration needs collaboration among stakeholders. This research aims to study the role of stakeholders who concern on peatland restoration and to map their potential roles to succeed the restoration in Jambi Province. We used triangulation method to collect data and information i.e. in-depth interviews, field observation and Focus Group Discussion. The data were analysed by using descriptive analysis. It was found that in peatland restoration, stakeholders could be mapped into four quadrants "Key Players", stakeholders with high influence and interest (Environment Office of Jambi Province and Tanjabar Regency, Forestry Office of Jambi Province, Estate Crop Office of Jambi Province, Tanjabar FMU, and NGOs); "Subject", stakeholders with low influence but high interest (Watershed Management Unit of Batanghari River, Development Planning Agency of Jambi Province, Jambi University, Regional Secretary of Tanjabar Regency, BPHP, Agricultural Extension Institutions, NGOs (Warsi) and Makmur Jaya Joint Farmer Group); "Crowd", stakeholders having both low influence and interest (The Food Crops Office both at Jambi Province and Tanjabar Regency, Conservation and Natural Reserve Unit, Development Planning Agency of Tanjabar Regency, Public Works and Public Housing Service of Jambi province Agricultural Crops and Horticulture district office and 2 farmer groups. To bridge the differences among stakeholders, strong coordination and cross-sector collaborative management should accommodate all interest and expectation of stakeholders.


Abstract This paper considers a number of issues relating to teacher supply which is in a critical position in certain regions in the UK. There is a focus on the contribution to teacher supply made by courses of initial teacher education and some emerging trends in relation to recruitment to these courses are considered, particularly the age profile of recruits, their academic quality, their mobility in the job market and the completion rates on teacher education courses. Three policy related dilemmas emerge on analysing these recruitment statistics: the geographical location of teacher training places, the recruitment of mature students, and the place of the DES bursary for intending teachers of shortage subjects. The paper concludes with a consideration of possible methods of ameliorating the supply problem including salary differentials based on geographical area, alternative routes into teaching, the notion of multi‐tier levels of training for prospective secondary teachers depending on their subject ...


In order to provide relevant data for implementation of a prevention and control program of thalassemia in Laos population, we have studied the screening for thalassemia and hemoglobin E in pregnant Laos women. Study was conducted on 307 pregnant women attending at the Mother and Child Health hospital, Vientiane, Lao peopleus Democratic Republic. Initial screening was performed using a combined KKU osmotic fragility (KKU-OF) and KKU dichlorophenolindophenol (KKU-DCIP) tests. Subjects were divided according to the results of OF and DCIP screening tests into 4 groups including 154 (-/-), 58 (+/-), 22 (-/+) and 73 (+/+) individuals. All blood samples were further analyzed on the Hb-HPLC analyzer and by DNA analysis by PCR to identify thalassemia genes. Among 307 subjects examined, 39 cases (12.7 %) had α-thalassemia 1, 11 cases (3.6 %) were β-thalassemia and 93 cases (30.2 %) had Hb E. The effectiveness of screening for the three severe forms of thalassemia namely; α-thalassemia 1, β-thalassemia and Hb E was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 99.2 %, 85.5 %, 83.0 % and 99.4 %, respectively. This result indicates that thalassemia screening is possible and is an effective tool for prevention and control of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies in Lao P.D.R. With this screening approach, some false positive results might be expected but false negative for the three important forms of thalassemia should be very rare.


The article is devoted to the production specialization of the region (Orenburg area), described such thing as a «specialty», «production specialization», «specialization in the industry», «specialization of the region» on the basis of what has been given to the author's concept of «production specialization of the region». The article analyzes the production of specialization of the Orenburg region, where the dominant role play an industry and agriculture.


In this contribution an Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC) developed for the FastCam project is presented. FastCam is a system based on 'lucky imaging' techniques for high spatial resolution, developed at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC). The use of a system to correct the atmosphere's effects is necessary to obtain a good optics quality in order to satisfy science requirements. Two alternatives for an atmospheric dispersion corrector for the instrument FastCam have been studied. One ADC has been designed to be implemented and intended to correct that atmospherical effect at the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma) for zenithal distances larger than 15 degrees, mainly in I band. The excellent resolution reached with FastCam makes this effect to distort the images. This work presents the design of an ADC as a pre-focus system of two prisms with variable separation in order to compensate the dispersion until zenithal distances of 50°. Both are placed in a rotator to align the orientation of zenithal distorsion. The results for this ADC has been tested in lab, and in May 2008, at the WHT; our next step will be to use it at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). Although the system is still under the final stages of its development, we want to implement it to the new instruments for high spatial resolution.


This study investigates the relationships between mode of communication and speech duration in cochlear implanted (CI) children with 4–6 years experience with their device. One hundred thirty‐six CI children between the ages of 8 and 9 years old repeated sentences of three, five, and seven syllables (McGarr, 1983). Durations were examined according to syllable length, low versus high context sentences, and the communication modality of the child's classroom. Findings suggest that communication modality is more strongly associated with duration than sentence context or length. Significantly shorter sentence durations were found for CI children taught with an auditory‐oral emphasis than CI children taught using an emphasis of speech and some form of manual sign system. [Work supported by the NIH.]


District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand – outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations. Abstract Aviation is steadily growing worldwide as well as in the European Union (EU). Overall, EU transports increased their GreenHouse Gas (GHG) Emissions since 1990, while the other energy sectors succeeded in achieving a constant reduction over the same period. In this context, air transport is the most critical area to decarbonize, given the limited number of options that can be implemented, such as optimization of flight routes, increase of jet engine energy efficiency, and few others. Switching to renewable or low carbon fuels is thus the main opportunity for aviation. Large scale deployment of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) is however a real challenge, as it requires large investments in new production facilities, strong reduction in production costs (over the entire value chain, i.e. including feedstock production, collection and delivery), and considerable investments in ASTM certification. The present work shortly reviews the perspectives of aviation fuel in terms of demand and GHG emission trends, possible routes to jet fuel production, and the status of ASTM certified routes to jet fuel as of today. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 10 th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018). Abstract Aviation is steadily growing worldwide as well as in the European Union (EU). Overall, EU transports increased their GreenHouse Gas (GHG) Emissions since 1990, while the other energy sectors succeeded in achieving a constant reduction over the same period. In this context, air transport is the most critical area to decarbonize, given the limited number of options that can be implemented, such as optimization of flight routes, increase of jet engine energy efficiency, and few others. Switching to renewable or low carbon fuels is thus the main opportunity for aviation. Large scale deployment of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) is however a real challenge, as it requires large investments in new production facilities, strong reduction in production costs (over the entire value chain, i.e. including feedstock production, collection and delivery), and considerable investments in ASTM certification. The present work shortly reviews the perspectives of aviation fuel in terms of demand and GHG emission trends, possible routes to jet fuel production, and the status of ASTM certified routes to jet fuel as of today.


Control of the acid catalytic chain reaction is essential in the pattern formation of chemically amplified resists used for the high-volume production of semiconductor devices. In this study, the relationships between the quencher diffusion constant and the exposure dose dependences of the line width, line edge roughness (LER), and stochastic defect generation were investigated assuming extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The dependence of the latent images of line-and-space patterns with 16 nm half-pitch on the quencher diffusion constant was calculated on the basis of sensitization and reaction mechanisms of chemically amplified EUV resists. The exposure latitude of the line width increased with the quencher diffusion constant. The dependences of LER and stochastic defect (bridges and pinching) generation on the deviation of the exposure dose became weak by increasing the quencher diffusion constant, similarly to the case for the dependence of the line width.


The interactions between 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole or tetrahydrobetacarboline, THBC, and cycloheptaamilose or β-cyclodextrin, β-CD, have been investigated using UV absorption, steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements. The addition of β-cyclodextrin has very little effect on the absorption spectra of neutral and cationic THBC species. However, it induces a blue shift and pronounced fluorescence enhancements in the emission spectrum of the neutral substrate. Both, steady state and time resolved fluorescence studies show that neutral THBC species form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD. Global analysis of the time resolved data provides evidence on the formation of two different types of 1:1 THBC–β-CD complexes. It is assumed that each one of these complexes corresponds to the two different topologies for the entry of the THBC molecule into the β-CD cavity, i.e. by its benzene or by its piperidinic moiety. Association constants of the complexes and other thermodynamic and photophysical parameters have been estimated from fluorescence measurements.


The effect of thymosin fraction 5 (of calf origin) on the response to PHA and Con A by lymphocytes from different organs of human fetus was studied. The cells were isolated from the liver, thymus, spleen and bone marrow of 15 fetuses at 9-23 wks of gestation, and preincubated with different concentrations of thymosin. The increasing effect of thymosin on the mitogen responses was most obvious with thymus and spleen cells at 15-23 wks of gestation. Responses by fetal liver cells were only occasionally increased by preincubation with thymosin, and responses of fetal bone marrow were affected not at all. These results are different from the effects of thymosin on fetal lamb cells; our earlier work has indicated that, in the fetal lamb, the effect of thymosin is most pronounced on the early fetal liver cells. These findings led us to conclude that mitogen responses of fetal lamb lymphocytes or lymphocyte precursors can be induced by thymosin in the cells which have not yet reached those responses spontaneously. However, if the cells have already reached the stage where a response occurs naturally, it cannot be increased any more by preincubation with thymosin (Leino et al., 1977). The present findings on human fetal lymphocytes are compatible with these conclusions if the findings on fetal liver cells are excluded. Whether differences between human and sheep cells are attributable to restrictions in the species specificity of thymosin remains at the present unknown.


This paper addresses problems faced by residents on a major arterial road -pascoe vale road. The project identified low cost 'private' treatments such as widened splayed driveways, indented parking and vehicle turnarounds within private properties to assist individual householders in their interaction with the road and its vehicles. Identification of the appropriate private treatment required a house by house approach and major input from the householders. About 40 individual treatments have been completed to date. The project has provided real environmental benefits for the residents (a). For the covering record of the conference, see IRRD no 814837.


High performance Bi2Te3 bulk materials with layered nanostructure have been prepared by combining melt spinning technique with spark plasma sintering, and their thermoelectric transport properties are investigated. The electrical conductivity increases greatly and the lattice thermal conductivity decreases significantly with the increase of the roller's linear speed. These lead to a great improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). The maximum ZT value of 1.35 is obtained at 300K for the sample which is prepared by melt spinning with roller linear speed of 40m∕s. Compared with the zone melting sample, it increases by 73% at the same temperature.


Low-alcohol and healthcare beverage wine is produced with fig as raw materials by bio-fermentation techniques and secondary clarifying methods,which could enhance the added value of fig.The produced fig dry wine has pure and harmonious fruit aroma and wine flavor and it has clear and transparent wine body with unique wine characteristics.


New social-science material.-Perhaps partly because of the war, there has developed a tremendous interest in matters of citizenship and training in citizenship and with it a corresponding emphasis on the social studies. Various committees have been appointed, have met, and have advocated radical changes in all courses relating to these sciences. Educational theorists have asked that the social aspects be emphasized in the teaching of all of the courses in the public-school curriculum. In spite of the agitation the movement has resulted in little change in the courses offered in our schools. The reason is not far to seek. Practical school men say that it is impossible to present the courses asked for with the available textbooks, and that if the books were supplied it would still be necessary to train a group of teachers to present the subjects from the new point of view. It is encouraging to note, therefore, that textbook writers are making an attempt to embody at least some of these ideas in new books. One writer says that "the course of civics study should be shaped so that it will provide the key to useful community service and to wise participation in public affairs." The material in the text' is divided into five parts: "Citizenship," "The Nation," "The State," "The Local Community," and finally, "The Parties." The purpose of this grouping is to make possible an arrangement of the work in a different sequence if the local conditions so dictate. The frank treatment of the parties and how party rule is carried on is another departure from the usual text, which avoids the question wherever possible. In his suggestions to teachers the author shows how the investigation of civic problems can be carried on by the pupils and reported in class, the students thereby learning to do by doing. The book is pleasingly gotten up; the illustrations are interesting, and the material is well written. It should be a good text in the hands of a good teacher. ERNST E. WELLEMEYER


Optical Turbulence affects the performance of Free Space Optical (FSO) systems. This phenomena degrades the light wave front, changes the spatial optical power distribution and wander the beam in the receiver plane. The atmospheric turbulence is evaluated by the Refractive Index Structure Constant (Cn2). In this paper we present atmospheric turbulence measurements, using a simple and low cost device based on optical triangulation method, by tracking the beam hotspot in real time on the receiver plane.


Since its establishment the Little Angels, children's performing arts troupe of Unification Church, South Korea has been considered as the representative cultural ambassador of South Korea. On a global level, the cute and smiling children of the troupe became a successful means of propaganda, promoting South Korea as a peace-loving nation with culture and arts whose image had been dominated by war, poverty, international aid, and orphans. However, despite the fame, their historical and cultural meanings have not been properly examined. By examining the construction and activities of the Little Angels in the context of cold war, this paper explores the process of nationalist reconstruction of traditional performing arts and the role of the state in the process.
This political and ideological purpose resulted in creating a specific performance style and repertoires for overseas performance manifested in its main repertoire including traditional folk dances like the fan dance, gayageum byeongchang (vocal with gayageum [12-string zither] accompaniment), nongak (farmers' band music), and a chorus of traditional and modern songs. To fulfill the nationalistic construction of traditional performing arts within the context of cultural cold war, specific repertoires, specific staging styles based on cold war orientalism have (re)produced.
Within the international context of cold war, competitions over two Koreas, nationalistic construction of traditional culture, the Little Angles have performed the role of propaganda of cultural cold war, successful reconstruction and development of anti-communist Korea and Korean nationalism. By exploring the socio-historical and political contexts of the performing arts in South Korea during the 1960s-70s, the overseas performance history of the Little Angels, their staged performance style, and repertoire, and the members, this paper considers this non-governmental children's performing arts troupe of Unification Church at the intersection of the state, religious mission, performing arts, and a certain historical period; the ways in which traditional performing arts were selected, supported, and produced by the state as means of propaganda; and how these together defined the direction of Korean performing arts in general.


As the hydraulic positioning system simplifies the mathematical modeling of various terms or lead to inaccurate modeling parameters of The hydraulic system has poor robustness.Generally difficult to overcome using conventional PID impact of these factors.This paper designs a sliding mode control.Lyapunov equation by analyzing sliding mode control method.Simulation results show that:in this paper the design of sliding mode control system to ensure precision positioning control is within the control,but also proved that sliding mode control strategy for positioning in the hydraulic system has good robustness.


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Two novel pinhole orbits for SPECT breast imaging are investigated using noise-free analytically simulated projection data. The two orbits are designed to more nearly completely sample the breast region while also maintaining close proximity of the pinhole to the breast. The two orbits involve the same trajectory but different angular orientations for the pinhole. For both orbits the pinhole traverses two half circles, which from an anterior perspective thus appear to have the shape of an "X". The orbits differ in that in one case the pinhole is tilted toward a single point throughout the orbit whereas in the other case it is untilted. It is found that both orbits remove the distortions characteristic of purely transverse, single-half-circle orbits. Also investigated is the use of parallel-beam collimators on the remaining cameras of triple-headed SPECT scanners. It is found that these additional parallel-beam measurements greatly improve estimates of torso activity. Determining whether parallel-beam measurements improve estimates of breast activity will require additional studies involving clinical levels of noise in the projection data.


Scalable data distribution in large-scale dynamic collaborative systems requires efficient, low overhead communication control. We propose efficient algorithms for clustering network nodes dynamically based on their communication interest. Several group communication architectures have been proposed to date without considering the constraints imposed by the communication infrastructure. Among these, distributed hash tables are scalable and resilient data structures used for data dissemination control. However DHT's are not optimized for high dynamics of network node interest and real-time end-to-end performance requirements. This paper proposes efficient control algorithms for large-scale collaborative systems optimized for scalability as well as end-to-end data dissemination. Network node communication interest is modeled as a multi-dimensional attribute space partitioned into interest cells mapped to multicast communication groups. The proposed control algorithms use proximity-based clustering of network nodes and hierarchical communication interest aggregation. We show that network overlay control algorithms achieve scalability and low overhead with a controlled degradation of end-to-end data path performance


The era of big data is an era full of wisdom and innovation. In this social environment with the rapid development of Internet + and cloud computing, and the explosion of information resources, how to increase the speed of data processing and ensure the credibility of data is an important issue. This article mainly introduces the design and implementation of software engineering management projects for college students based on big database thinking. This article mainly uses the experimental method to conduct a systematic test, and uses the data method to conduct theoretical research on big data thinking. The test results show that the system results are 100% accurate, and the delay time is within the specified range.


The goal of this thesis was to implement the SPH homogenization procedure within the MOOSE finite element framework at INL. Before this project, INL relied on DRAGON to do their SPH homogenization which was not flexible enough for their needs. As such, the SPH procedure was implemented for the neutron diffusion equation with the traditional, Selengut and true Selengut normalizations. Another aspect of this research was to derive the SPH corrected neutron transport equations and implement them in the same framework. Following in the footsteps of other articles, this feature was implemented and tested successfully with both the PN and SN transport calculation schemes. Although the results obtained for the power distribution in PWR assemblies show no advantages over the use of the SPH diffusion equation, we believe the inclusion of this transport correction will allow for better results in cases where either PN or SN are required. An additional aspect of this research was the implementation of a novel way of solving the non-linear SPH problem. Traditionally, this was done through a Picard, fixed-point iterative process whereas the new implementation relies on MOOSE's Preconditioned Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov (PJFNK) method to allow for a direct solution to the non-linear problem. This novel implementation showed a decrease in calculation time by a factor reaching 50 and generated SPH factors that correspond to those obtained through a fixed-point iterative process with a very tight convergence criteria: < 10−8. The use of the PJFNK SPH procedure also allows to reach convergence in problems containing important reflector regions and void boundary conditions, something that the traditional SPH method has never been able to achieve. At times when the PJFNK method cannot reach convergence to the SPH problem, a hybrid method is used where by the traditional SPH iteration forces the initial condition to be within the radius of convergence of the Newton method. This new method was tested on a simplified model of INL's TREAT reactor, a problem that includes very important graphite reflector regions as well as vacuum boundary conditions with great success. To demonstrate the power of PJFNK SPH on a more common case, the correction was applied to a simplified PWR reactor core from the BEAVRS benchmark that included 15 assemblies and the water reflector to obtain very good results. This opens up the possibility to apply the SPH correction to full reactor cores in order to reduce homogenization errors for use in transient or multi-physics calculations.


This paper reexamines two hypotheses associated with earlier versions of the product cycle model. The first hypothesis, that innovations are almost always located in the home country of the parent company, is rejected on the basis of evidence drawn from one hundred years of U.S. Patent Office data. The second hypothesis, that the international dispersion of activity is led by technology leaders, is historically valid. However, over the last twenty years, technology leaders have been ahead instead in the globalization of technology--that is, in developing internal international networks to exploit the locationally differentiated potential of foreign centers of excellence. (c) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.


Neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia are highly prevalent, and it is estimated that about 35 million people worldwide suffer some type of dementia, with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) being the most frequent condition. Three hypotheses have been postulated in the pathophysiology of AD: cholinergic, amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles. Despite having different characteristics and mechanisms, all three converge on the hypothesis of disruption in synaptic transmission, leading to difficulties in cognitive processes such as memory loss. The few drugs currently FDA approved (donepezil, tacrine, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine) for AD treatment are palliative in nature, aimed at improving the quality of life of patients, but not to cure this multifactorial, complex disease. Thus, great challenges arise in the research of new therapeutic alternatives against AD. Pharmacoinformatics emerged from the use of integrative methods from biology, chemistry, pharmacology and informatics, thereby facilitating the design of new strategies to identify key targets in AD. It allows to study how these targets interact with each other, thus forming a complex Protein-Protein Interaction network (PPI). Pharmacoinformatics could be used then to make predictions of bioactive molecules that can potentially modulate two or more targets in the PPI (multi-target drugs), thus having a positive therapeutic effect at the systemic level, allowing to have an impact on the potentiation of the cholinergic synapse, or in the reduction of amyloid plaque as well as neurofibrillary tangles.


The largest neural component of the cerebral vasculature is adrenergic in nature. This serves an important role in regulating angiogenesis and maintaining adequate oxygenation to the brain tissue. Importantly, radio‐ligand binding and molecular cloning in several species have demonstrated that the α1‐adrenergic (α1‐AR) family has three structurally distinct subtypes (α1A‐, α1B‐, α1D‐) which are widely expressed in tissues including cerebral arteries. We tested the hypothesis that cerebral artery angiogenic responses are mediated by one of the three α1‐AR subtypes. In an attempt to identify the specific α1‐AR subtype, we examined their role and downstream signaling pathways in angiogenic responses in sheep cerebral arteries. In three dimensional organ culture experiments, we observed that the α1B‐AR subtype (but not α1A‐ or α1D‐AR subtypes) plays a critical role in angiogenesis responses. Also, these responses are mediated by canonical ERK‐MAPK signaling pathways. We conclude that the development of specific α1B‐AR agonists may prove to be effective angiogenic therapy in stroke as well as cerebrovascular degenerative diseases. Moreover, such therapy would be free from the side effects produced by activation of α1A‐ or α1D‐AR.


Progress generally has its price, and for progress in the dairy industry during the past 50 years no exception has been made. Progress in transportation with its improved facilities in railroads, motor vehicles, and airplanes has nmde possible commercialization of the dairy industry by playing a dominan t role in the movement of milk and its products to market and manufactured items back to the farm. At the same time, however, this progress in transportation, in permitting a n e v e r i n c r e a s i n g movement of livestock and their products, has tremendously increased the ease with which infectious diseases of dairy W. D. Pounden catt le have been disseminated. During the same period, progress in breeding for greater milk production has been very successful. However, it has brought sharply into focus the need for concomitant progress in knowledge of dairy herd nutri t ion and management in order to avoid inadequacies as demonstrated by disease conditions like bloat or mastitis or metabolic problems such as parturient paresis or ketosis.


Dilute the gas containing fine particles, provide a wide range continuous diluter for measuring the resulting dilution gas by meter. Dilution gas inlet receives the dilution gas, the sample gas inlet receives the sample gas. Flow meter to measure the sample gas flow rate. Mixer receives diluent gas and the sample gas, and mixing at a certain dilution ratio. Measurement flow exhaust port, supplies a specific flow rate meter from the mixture flow. Supply gas inlet supplies the supply gas to the air-fuel mixture in a controlled value. Flow dilution gas is controlled value, since flow in a gas mixture is controlled value, the change of the flow rate of make-up gas, the sample gas flow rate occurs response change, continuous regulation and control of the desired dilution factor It can become. .FIELD 1


Complex odontoma is a mixed benign odontogenic tumor, consisting of a disorganized mass of hard dental tissue. The developmental dentigerous cyst is a lesion lined by a capsule of odontogenic epithelial tissue, characterized by its involvement with an unerupted tooth and the accumulation of fluid within it. The association between lesions of odontogenic origin can be explained by the differentiation potential of epithelial tissue during odontogenesis. The diagnosis is established by clinical and radiographic analysis in association with the anatomopathological examination. The aim of this paper is to present two case reports of complex odontoma associated with a dentigerous cyst treated with the surgical excision of the odontoma and enucleation of the dentigerous cyst. Topics related to the diagnosis, treatment and origin of such lesions are discussed. Descriptors: Odontoma; Dentigerous cyst; Diagnosis.


FIELD: personal use articles. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to gloves and synthetical or natural latex goods, which have better holding qualities. Technical result is achieved in latex glove containing external and internal surface. Besides the external surface has a number of geometrically set prints showing well-defined inner edges. EFFECT: creation texturised latex goods and gloves' surfaces that provide excellent holding qualities while working with dry, moist and oily objects, and also method of production of such an external textured surface of gloves; thereby geometrically set surface structure provides better characteristics of holding dry, moist or oily surfaces. 22 cl, 6 dwg, 9 ex


We consider the problem of exchanging messages in two-way relay (TWR) systems when the sources are correlated binary sequences. In a TWR system, two users communicate simultaneously in both directions to exchange their messages with the help of a relay. Harnessing the fact that the users have access to their own non-compressed messages as side information, each user can compress its message according to the Slepian-Wolf coding strategy by using low-density parity-check codes, particularly, the syndrome approach. Through numerical examples, we show that the proposed scheme offers significant improvements in compression rates compared to the existing solutions in the literature.


Dissecting Cooper Pairs Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is used in the study of the electronic structure of complex materials. Recently, time-resolved ARPES has become possible, where the state of the system is excited by a short "pump" pulse, and ARPES is performed using a second "probe" pulse applied after varying times. Smallwood et al. (p. 1137) used this technique to study the recombination of Cooper pairs—the fundamental charge carriers in superconductors—in a cuprate high-temperature superconductor. Time-resolved spectroscopy is used to probe the dynamics of electron pairing recovery in a high-temperature superconductor. In high-temperature superconductivity, the process that leads to the formation of Cooper pairs, the fundamental charge carriers in any superconductor, remains mysterious. We used a femtosecond laser pump pulse to perturb superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and studied subsequent dynamics using time- and angle-resolved photoemission and infrared reflectivity probes. Gap and quasiparticle population dynamics revealed marked dependencies on both excitation density and crystal momentum. Close to the d-wave nodes, the superconducting gap was sensitive to the pump intensity, and Cooper pairs recombined slowly. Far from the nodes, pumping affected the gap only weakly, and recombination processes were faster. These results demonstrate a new window into the dynamical processes that govern quasiparticle recombination and gap formation in cuprates.


EcoTILLING originated from TILLING has been employed to investigate allele polymorphisms in plant natural populations.In order to develop PAGE-based EcoTILLING technique at low cost for single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)discovery and beneficial allele mining in tetraploid cotton,the key steps were extraction and activity test of the enzyme,CELⅠ,and design of gene-specific primers.The result indicated that highly active and stable CELⅠenzyme obtained was able to effectively digest mismatched base pairs at 42 ℃ for 45 minutes in the mixture of 8 μL of PCR products,2 μL of celery juice extract and 10 μL of buffer where the SNP exists in heteroduplexes.Gene-specific primers were designed followed by SNAPER softwere for sub-genome well-worked.The stability and reliability of EcoTILLING technique established was examined by sequencing for discovery of the allelomorphism of GhSUS1 gene related to fiber development among cotton varieties.The result showed that a stable and reliable PAGE-based EcoTILLING technique was established,allowing us to further mine favorable multi-alleles in cotton.


Direct laser metal deposition (DLMD) is an additive manufacturing technique getting growing attention thanks to the possibility of producing very complex parts in a short time and in a cost‐effective manner. The possible applications of this technology are tools with conformal cooling channels and claddings for dies and molds reparation. One of the damaging mechanisms of tools is thermal fatigue (TF) cracking, leading to surface deterioration and, consequently, the processed parts. Herein, the TF behavior of DLMD‐H13 submitted to two different heat treatments, namely direct tempering (T) and quenching and tempering (QT), is investigated. T does not significantly change the solidification microstructure after DLMD, whereas QT produces a more homogenous tempered martensite microstructure. A customary laboratory test is developed to induce TF damage under a cyclic temperature variation between 630 and 60 °C. The results evidence that the T‐H13 has a slightly better TF resistance with respect to QT‐H13 due to the higher tempering resistance of T‐H13 with respect to QT‐H13. Thus, according to TF test results, direct tempering can be preferred to quench and tempering since the elimination of quenching can decrease the costs of production as well as distortions‐related issues, increasing the competitiveness of DLMD.


[Following the study I made on some points connected with chronological matters relating to the Sasanian period, I published some short articles dealing with these points in BSOS., ix, pp. 125–139, and ZMDG., vol. 91, part 3, pp. 675–7. In 1938 and 1939 I concluded these studies with an article on the chronology of the early Sasanian rulers for publication in BSOS.in 1939. The Bulletin being already completed for Press, the publication of my article was not found possible, and therefore Professor Sten Konow, of Oslo, on the suggestion of my old friend Professor Arthur Christensen, of Copenhagen, who is himself one of the best living authorities on the history of the Sasanian period of Iran, offered to publish the article in Acta Orientalia. Accordingly I sent the copy of the article to Oslo in the closing weeks of 1939. Professor Konow, in a letter which reached me in March, 1940, asked me if, owing to some difficulty in sending and getting back printed matter by ordinary post at that time, he could read the proof of the article himself and proceed to publish it. I agreed, but my reply to this effect, though sent immediately, did not reach him owing to the cessation of postal communication between England and Norway. I have never since been able to ascertain if the article was or was not published in the Acta. In the meantime I have been pursuing my study of this subject, and new points occurring to me from time to time, I decided some time later to revise the whole article, and the following pages are the result, which may be considered as a fully revised form of the article which was to be published in the acta.]


The literature devoted to technology and education is replete with claims regarding the contribution of computer technologies to teaching and learning in elementary and secondary schools. The claims have fuelled expectations and encouraged local and provincial school jurisdictions to expend significant resources on new technologies. This review of research is a response to the call by the Canadian Education Statistics Council to prepare a paper addressing some dimension of the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on teaching and learning in elementary, secondary, or post secondary education in Canada. We have focussed our review on two major areas: 1) the efficacy of ICTs for achievement, motivation, and metacognitive learning; and 2) the impact of ICTs on instruction in content areas in elementary and secondary schools. Mindful of the importance of contextual factors such as ethno-cultural and linguistic diversity, we have attempted to focus on Canadian research. Nevertheless, because the material devoted to Canada is scarce, we have augmented our review with international research on these topics. It was our intention to identify claims that would enable those responsible for the formation or implementation of policy to make informed decisions. Few, if any, claims were sufficiently well researched or well evidenced to provide direction for policy. We conclude our review with a discussion of policy, the impact of research in the classroom, and suggestions of further research. Introduction Notwithstanding the significant attention and literature devoted to technology and education, there appears to be comparatively little empirically sound research upon which policy makers might base informed decisions. By empirically sound we mean research that addresses testable hypotheses using experimental or quasi-experimental methods, subjecting the data to appropriate statistical treatment, and drawing conclusions consistent with the purposes and methods employed. What follows is a review of the literature devoted to technologies, especially the use of computers and computer related techniques, and their educational impact on student socialization and learning from kindergarten to grade 12. In the review we critique the literature in education, psychology, sociology, and technology; suggest its strengths and shortcomings; and identify areas where future work is required. Although our focus is on Canada, of necessity we included international research on these topics. According to the most recent Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) report (Canadian Education Statistics Council, 2000), 88 per cent of elementary and 97 per cent of secondary school students attend a school that has Internet access for instructional purposes. With such widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICT), there is understandable interest in the impact of ICT on teaching and learning. Although it is often claimed that computer technologies and the Internet have the potential to change both teaching and learning, teachers have been subjected to public pressures to use new technologies before they, and we, have a clear understanding of their impact on classroom practices and student learning (Stuve, 1997). Schools and classrooms are being equipped without adequate research or attention to the professional preparation of teachers (Nicol et al. 1996; Ungerleider, 1997). Despite the PCEIP statistics reported above, the most recent Statistics Canada report (Tremblay et al., 2001) found that 70 per cent of teachers in Ontario schools reported that their students had either limited access or no access to a computer at school. This might be explained by any one of a number of reasons, including: a poor ratio of Internet connections to students, poor distribution of equipment, insufficient teacher preparation time, and structural impediments to the incorporation of new technologies in teaching (c.f. Cuban, et. al., 2001). The belief that classrooms should be equipped with technology is predicated on the belief that technology can improve the rate, quality, amount, and effectiveness of learning (Henchey, 2001). Although attractive, this belief must be tested with sound research. As Abrami (2001) states: "To date, there is much promise but less substance, especially long-term evidence, regarding the effective use of technology for learning" (p. 114). It is thus critical that the available research be assembled, reviewed, and critiqued as a prelude to pinpointing areas of future research and policy development. In this review we begin this process by focussing on two major areas: 1) the efficacy of ICTs for achievement, motivation, and metacognitive learning; and 2) the role of ICTs in instruction in content areas. Both of these foci relate directly 1 By design our approach eliminated consideration of material of a rhetorical nature without appropriate evidential support. Our focus also meant that we would not address work such as the Second Information Technology in Education Study conducted under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement with the participation of Canada (see, http://www.cmec.ca/stats/international/indexe.asp ), SITES provides information about the use of information and communication technologies in Canada and other countries, and addresses such issues as barriers to the use of information and communication technologies in schools.


Objective: Homocysteine has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis(As) and birth defective disease. Objective: To establish a method for determining total plasma homocysteine (Hcy), to inspect the changes of Hcy level for healthy individuals, pateints with coronary atherosclerosis, and kernel families with congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods: Using the method of precolumn derivatization HPLC were measured the total plasma Hcy for 49 healthy individuals, 74 patients with coronary atherosclerosis (CAs), and 7 families having a child with congenital heart disease ( n =19). Results: The method is sensitive (detection limit 0.125 μmol·L -1 ), specific, and has a high reproducibility ( CV 2.86%). Its recovery is 101.89%.In the groups of healthy individuals, the mean level of plasma Hcy were significantly higher in men than that in women and children, which were (9.2±1.0) ( ±s , the same below); (5.8±0.6), and (5.9±0.4) μmol·L -1 respectively ( P 0.05). In the pateines with CAs and the kernel families with CHD the Hcy level were (16.9±1.7) and (28.4±1.2) μmol·L -1 separately, which were significantly higher than the control ( P 0.001). ±s , the same below); (5.8±0.6), and (5.9±0.4) μmol·L -1 respectively ( P 0.05). In the pateines with CAs and the kernel families with CHD the Hcy level were (16.9±1.7) and (28.4±1.2) μmol·L -1 separately, which were significantly higher than the control ( P 0.001). , the same below); (5.8±0.6), and (5.9±0.4) μmol·L -1 respectively ( P 0.05). In the pateines with CAs and the kernel families with CHD the Hcy level were (16.9±1.7) and (28.4±1.2) μmol·L -1 separately, which were significantly higher than the control ( P 0.001). Conclusion: homocysteine is a risk factor for As and CHD. the total level of plasma homocysteine may be a subsidiary indicator for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis and congenital heart disease.


Introduction Sitting here in the Brave New South Africa of the 21 century, contemplating the judgment in a survey of South African school teachers that Sol Plaatje's early masterwork Mhudi, one of the first novels in English by an African, is unsuitable for students because "The anti-Zulu sentiment expressed would not promote cultural diversity" (Johannesburg Sunday Times, 15 April, 2001: 9). I really do miss you, Leroy. You who demonstrated so elegantly how comparison and criticism are indispensable to the praise singer's art. How one people's founding father is another's pitiless destroyer. Indeed, a praise verse from Shaka's own time demonstrates that to the Zulu he was both: King, you are wrong because you do not discriminate, Because even those of your maternal uncle's family you kill, Because you killed Bhebhe, son of Ncumela of your maternal uncle's family (Mbongeni Malaba, cited in Vail and White, 1991:68).


Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems are evaluated by two major issues: retrieval accuracy and efficiency. Since it has been shown that significant visual information extracted from images can achieve similarity retrievals with high performance of accuracy, most of traditional CBIR systems were dedicated to visual feature extraction. However, they usually need a lot of efforts to search through the whole database and then generate a moderate number of plausible retrievals in response to a user's query. As a result, retrieval efficiency is a bottleneck when the matching process is progressed over a large number of image data. In this paper, we propose a data converting process in transforming extracted visual information in the feature domain into rectangular data in the spatial domain. Furthermore, we present an efficient index structure to arrange all rectangular data into a compact organization based on the techniques of a compact R-tree. Founded on our index structure, the ways of measuring similarity between images and the algorithms for retrieving interested images are both proposed. High retrieval efficiency relies on the cooperation of all proposed techniques. We have simulated several experiments over an image database containing over 1000 trademarks and logo types in order to reveal that our method has good performance in retrieval accuracy and efficiency.


Selection of effective ECM (ectomycorrhizal) fungi are very important for inoculation and infection to pioneer trees. The candidates of effective ECM fungi for revegetation collected at volcanic and at poor granite sites in Japan were as follows; Pisolithus tinctorius f. tinctorius, P. tinctorius f. turgidus, P. tinctorius f. pisocarpius, Astraeus hygrometrics, Laccaria amethystea. Particularly, the elementary species P. tinctorius showed the widest host range and was the most common candidate of all. This fungus was associated with Pinus densiflora, Pinus Thunbergii, Betula Ermani, Betula Maximowiczii, Alnus firma, Larix leptolepis and probably Quercus serrata. Above all the association with Larix and Betula trees appeared to be efficient for the revegetation in a cool temperate zone.Basidiospore and vegetative inocula of Pisolithus were effective for young seedlings and especially 1-year-old seedlings in volcano and granite stands. Introduction of ECM fungi to each site brought about good results for enhanced survival rate and increased growth of seedlings, especially just after sprouting, which were further promoted by using a mulching sheet made of non-woven polyester fiber.


Cognitive styles play an important role in influencing the learning process, but to date no relevant study has been conducted using lag sequential analysis to assess knowledge construction learning patterns based on different cognitive styles in computer-supported collaborative learning activities in online collaborative discussions. This study applies Pask's cognitive styles (holist–serialist dimension) as the grouping basis for students who performed an online problem-solving based discussion activity to analyze how cognitive styles affect learning behaviors. By using quantitative content analysis and lag sequential analysis, the study attempts to identify the distribution structure of the knowledge construction activities demonstrated by students with different cognitive styles, as well as the sequential pattern of those behaviors. The results suggest that, with respect to the quantitative content analysis, students who are holists demonstrate sharing, comparing, and discovery tendencies while neglecting the negotiation and coconstruction of knowledge. As a result of their preference for sequential discussion behavior patterns, students who are serialists may find they have limited time for subsequent discussions because they often tend to continue the discussion of previous, unresolved topics. With respect to the pattern of knowledge construction behaviors, students grouped as serialists may remain at the stage of communication and integration during discussions, throughout which process such students may bring up different viewpoints for each topic step by step, conduct resolution-oriented discussions, and then come to an understanding. The holist students, on the other hand, lack such sequential discussion behavior patterns and hence require more intensive intervention and instruction from teachers for the purpose of improving the diversity of their knowledge construction behavior.


The premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures is a serious problem in hot coastal environments. Most of this deterioration is caused by chloride ingress through the concrete, resulting in the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Since the mid 1990s the practice of specifying silica fume in concrete has widened in the Middle East, as engineers work to improve the durability of concrete, which is subjected to the extreme exposure conditions in the region. Current practice is to use mixtures with a maximum water/cement ratio of 0.4 and to replace 5% to 10% of the cement with silica fume depending on the degree of exposure. Are these small amounts of silica fume sufficient to maintain an appropriate life span for concrete structures under the varying exposure conditions, and how much cover is required to the reinforcement to protect the steel from corrosion? In this paper, models are proposed to estimate the chloride ion ingress into portland cement concrete and silica-fume-enriched concrete un...


The computing means of term in China's Administrative License Law initiates differences of opinion.The computing means of term in Administrative Review Law is fairly scientific and reasonable.Chine's legislative body should make legislative interpretation earlier and amend article 82(of Administrative License Law) in due course.


It has long been recognized that natural substrates harbor two kinds of microbes:1 (a) those that are pathogenic, capable of causing diseases in man, animals, and plants, and have to be constantly combated for man to survive; these represent one of the major problems of the human race; (b) those that are saprophytic, non-injurious or even beneficial to man; these are the universal scavengers; they are necessary for the growth of our crops and for a number ofother essential processes. It has also been known for a long time that some of the saprophytic microbes can interfere with the growth ofpathogenic and other microbes; that some can form chemical substances, or antibiotics, that suppress the growth ofpathogenic microbes, comprising bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. This knowledge remained until very recentlymore in the realm ofscientific curiosity than of practical application, although attempts were made at various times to utilize this property for the practical control of infectious diseases.


Pyridine could be successfully removed in the polyurethane(PU) biofilter inoculated with activated sludge treating industrial wastewater. The elimination capacity for pyridine in the PU biofilter was approximately 27 g m?³ h?¹ at the tested loading range, The pH value of drainage was increased due to the accumulation of ammonia which was one of the metabolites of pyridine, Four pyridine-degrading bacteria were isolated from the PU biofilter, and they were closely related with Rhodococcus pyridinivorans(98~99% similarity). The specific growth rate of the isolate in the medium supplemented with pyridine as a sole carbon and energy source were ranged from 0.038 h?¹ to 0.051 h?¹.


$Gf(x)= \int_{D}G(x, y)f(y)dy$ . Then it is noted (see $e$ . $g$ . $[2$ ; Lemma 2]) that $Gf\not\equiv\infty$ if and only if (1) $\int_{D}(1+|y|)^{-n}y_{n}f(y)dy<\infty$ . In this paper we study the existence of nontangential limits of $Gf$ with $f$ satisfying (1) and the additional condition: (2) $\int_{D}y_{n}^{\alpha}f(y)^{n/g}\omega(f(y))dy<\infty$ , where $oXt$) is a positive nondecreasing function on $R^{1}$ . In case $n\geqq 3,$ $\omega$ is assumed to satisfy the following conditions:


This paper reviews recent developments at the intersection between culture—nature and animal geographies debates in order to consider the ways in which issues of anthropomorphism and beastliness have beset attempts to write the nonhuman. Seeking to move beyond the theoretical impasse that these two concepts have engendered, the paper explores engagement with the concept of dwelling developed by Ingold as a possible theoretical tool for a re-animated animal geography, one which seeks to take its cue from those individuals and groups whose lives depend on and are embedded in their daily connections and understandings with nonhumans.


Changes in total body fat and the metabolic and morphologic characteristics of adipose tissue were sequentially investigated in individual rabbits implanted with VX2 tumors to elucidate the pathology of the fat reduction in animals with malignant tumors as compared with that of diet‐restricted rabbits. Lipogenesis in normal, VX2–implanted, and diet‐restricted rabbit groups on day 40 after the start of the experiments was 19.1±2.9, 13.3±3.5, and 41.7±6.0×l05 cpm/g/h, respectively, and glycerol liberation by their adipose tissue was 199±21, 528±94, and 301±45 nmol/g/h, respectively. In addition, apoptotic cells were noted in the adipose tissue of VX2–implanted rabbits on days 20–30 after implantation, but not in diet‐restricted rabbits. The results showed clear differences between the total body fat reduction profiles of VX2–implanted rabbits and diet‐restricted rabbits, suggesting a characteristic lipid metabolism with enhanced lipolysis and diminished lipogenesis in VX2–implanted rabbits. The results strongly suggest that adipocyte apoptosis might be involved in these phenomena.


Keynote address delivered by the Minister of Education and Culture in Barbados at the opening of a conference on 12 March 1986, at the Commonwealth Institute , London . In social democratic states industrial development envisages a collaborative role between technica l vocational training, technological innovation and enterprise in the production of goods and services . It is against this background that I shall speak of some of the efforts and achievements of governments in the Caribbean region to promote technical and vocational education as a means of underlining their development poli c ies. I shall also examine some of the pertinent issues on which there must be continuing discussion and dialogue if we are to achieve our objectives. I shall be drawing on regional experiences to illustrate my arguments. However, since I have been intimately associated with the Barbados situation I shall crave your indulgence if I appear to cite a few cases of my own country's achievements .


Institutional innovations, are the most important and decisive factor in the development program of the west area. Based on the analysis framework of new institutional economics, this paper analyzes theoretically the effects of institution on economic development, and the effects of institution on rapid development of the east area since the reform and opening. And it testifies the important effects of institutional innovations on the development program of the west area and points out its characteristics, comparing the practical situation of the west area with that of the east area. Furthermore, the paper gives some ideas about the change of factors of institutional innovations in the course of institutional evolution and designing and the cost of institutional innovations during the development program of the west area. At last the concrete institutional arrangements in the development program of the west area will be talked about.


This study investigates the impact of Chinese banks' derivative activities on their exposure to exchange rate and interest rate changes. The standard Jorion [1990. "The Exchange-Rate Exposure of U.S. Multinationals." Journal of Business 63 (3): 331–345] model provides weak evidence of Chinese banks' exposure to these risks. However, the exposure increases substantially when time-varying exposure regressions with orthogonalised market returns are used. We also show that Chinese banks exhibit linear and nonlinear exposures to the exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations. Further analysis indicates that the use of derivatives reduces banks' foreign exchange risk, but does not affect their interest rate exposure. Derivative products are more likely to be used as an integrated part of the Chinese banks' risk management systems, which could thus help to stabilise the banking system.


In this study, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been synthesized by a simple pyrolysis of tetrahydrofuran using molten zinc chloride as a liquid environment at 600 °C for 10 h. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that the obtained CNFs have diameters of about 50 nm and lengths up to tens of micrometers. As an anode material for Li ion batteries, the obtained CNFs can deliver a reversible capacity of 310 mA h/g after 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. When tetrahydrofuran is substituted by other carbon sources (ferrocene or lactic acid), CNFs can also be synthesized through this similar process; therefore, the pyrolysis method is a general way to prepare CNFs in molten zinc chloride.


Globalize and information are two main trend in modern world.Under this situation,the state holding enterprise must fasten its international pace.Mutually benefit the capital positively can go after profit and avoid harm.It is benefit to improve the level of our enterprise's management and international competitive power;train talent;learn advanced skill;live the quantity of state holding property.About the situation and problem of the currence,we must resolve it carefully;make the corporation develop healthily.


The intensity exchange between diffracted beams in 1d porous silicon photonic crystal at Laue geometry was numerically simulated and experimentally observed. The variation of beam intensities exhibits periodical dependence on the sample thickness.


Dirac and Lovász independently characterized the $3$-connected graphs with no pair of vertex-disjoint cycles. Equivalently, they characterized all $3$-connected graphs with no prism-minors. In this paper, we completely characterize the $3$-connected graphs with no edge that is contained in the union of a pair of vertex-disjoint cycles. As applications, we answer the analogous questions for edge-disjoint cycles and for $4$-connected graphs and we completely characterize the $3$-connected graphs with no prism-minor using a specified edge.


The opinions expressed herein are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the funding organizations.


Drama is a unique way to make learning more enjoyable, conversational, and relevant to the real world. Integrating a drama-based approach into the language classroom has the potential to improve listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, as well as presentation abilities in a varied manner. This study analyzes the advantages of incorporating drama techniques into teaching English language among tertiary level learners. It also focuses on the strategies for developing a learner-centered classroom to improve the communication abilities of second language learners. 11 students in their second year of English Language and Literature at the University of Asia Pacific in Dhaka, Bangladesh, were the participants of this case study. The study is conducted using qualitative research methodology. According to this study, drama-based English instruction has a positive impact on all aspects of growth—physical, emotional, social, and cognitive. It illuminates the strategy of placing students in authentic settings in order to help them uncover their latent creativity and overcome their anxieties. In addition, this drama-based approach is beneficial for learners to foster their sense of collaboration, conversation, negotiation, and performance.


The effect of additives on synthetic barite crystals, prepared under conditions chosen to mimic those encountered in off-shore oil fields. has been extensively studied. The addition of certain stereochemically related diphosphonates a characteristic morphology change which has been shown to be consistent with a binding model in which the diphosphonate ion replaces two sulfate ions in the (011) surface. A detailed understanding of the recognition processes involved has now led to the rational design of new surface-active molecules with greatly improved efficacy, and a greater appreciation of the factors influencing morphological changes resulting from inhibitor interference.


In this paper, we find the exact vacuum solution of Bianchi type-V space-time in the f ( R ) theory of gravity. The physical behavior of the models is discussed and the function of the Ricci scalar is evaluated.


Maxillary sinus perforation is one of complication from tooth extraction that could create a connection between antrum and oral cavity (oroantral communication). The aim of this research is to determine the level of dentists' knowledge about the initial treatment to handle the sinus maxillary perforation in District Helvetia, Medan in year 2017. This research is a descriptive survey; the population is every dentist in District Helvetia, Medan. The population is made as the sample (total sampling), so the amount of the sample in this research is 56 people. The results showed us that there is 69.64% of the dentist are categorizes as knowledgeable, 30.36% of dentists are knowledgeable enough and 0% of the dentist are categorized as not knowledgeable. The level of dentist knowledge about the initial treatment to handle the sinus maxillary perforation in District Helvetia, Medan in year 2017, 69.64% knowledgeable, 30.36% knowledgeable enough and no one is not knowledgeable. Keywords–knowledge, dentist, perforated maxillary sinus, oroantral communications


These revised published essays use social-scientific studies to illuminate the reading of Mark. Guijarro's first chapter sets out his views on composition: Mark starts with a preMarkan passion narrative and links it to the preceding chapters, thereby relating Jesus's public activity to his passion, and produces a new work, a type of bios. The composition occurs in the region of Syria just after AD 70. Chapter two (on Mark 1.1–15) shows how Mark ascribes honour to Jesus through the transitional ritual of baptism. In chapter three, Guijarro thinks Mark reconstructed the Galilean controversies of Mark 2.1–3.6 to shaping shared identity. Chapter 4 on the visions of Jesus and his disciples in 1.9–11 and 9.1–9 sets them within a cultural context that accepts the 'altered state of consciousness' as a means to access reality. Similarly, his discussion on healing stories encourages readers to move beyond a 'monophasic culture' and to read them in the 'polyphasic' cultural context of 'ancient healthcare systems'. Chapter six considers the messianic anointing as an aspect of cultural memory; chapter seven expands this theme to look at Mark 11–16 in terms of a progressive narrative exploring cultural trauma, collective memory, and social identity. Although not all readers will accept Guijarro's hypothetical setting of Mark's gospel, all should benefit from his cultural reading of Mark. Particularly noteworthy are his exploration of visionary experience and healing narratives in ways that challenge reductionist readings that are the cultural legacy of modernity. His work is part of, and contributes to, a growing interdisciplinary rereading of these texts in ways more sympathetic to within their own contexts and, perhaps, even learning from them. Many questions remain, but this collection of essays shows how interdisciplinary reading can illuminate our reading of the gospels. Kent E. Brower


This article analyzed and compared the characteristic and suitable situation of the optical fiber Ether- net,Cable Modem and the PON three kind of wide bands insert technologies.This can give reference for CATV net bidirectional transformation.


The clinical efficacy and safety of local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) with lyophilized 'macronized' powder has been demonstrated. However, the immunological changes possibly induced by LNIT which may account for the clinical improvement are still unclear.


This chapter addresses the field investigation of landslides. Geologists and geotechnical engineers must utilize a structured investigation process to deduce the properties of naturally occurring materials and their geometrical relationships. Successful investigations require the investigator to have sound judgment and the ability to make decisions. This chapter presents the basic guidelines that have evolved over many years of experience in landslide field investigation, provides a definition of the investigation process, discusses the elements of an investigation, and gives key factors for high-quality investigations at landslide sites. A checklist for planning a landslide investigation is included.


Fu of Going Outside is written in July,the second year of Jianzhong;Fu of Going Back to Palace is written in July,the first year of Xingyuan;Fu of Huai Zhong is written in December,the second year of Zhenyuan;Fu of Shining Water is written in February,the eighth year of Zhenyuan;Fu of Moon in Autumn is written in August,the eleventh year of Zhenyuan;Fu of Return is written in August,the twelfth year of Zhenyuan;Fu of Jade in Stone is written about between the fourth year of Jianzhong and the fourth year of Zhenyuan;Fu of King in His Day is written in the sixth year of Zhenyuan;Fu of Hiding Imperfection in Perfection is written in the seventh year of Zhenyuan or a little bit earlier;Fu of Hong Yazi the Soldier is probably written between the fourteenth year of Dali and the second year of Jianzhong;Fu of Spring Plate is probably written when he was young and lived in Min area;Fu of Hiding Ice is about written in the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan;Fu of Metre and Sound is written during imperial examination before he passed it.


This paper derives the recursive formulas of the computation of the criterion functions for the well-known weighted recursive least squares algorithm and the finite-data-window recursive least squares algorithm for linear regressive models. The analysis indicates that the proposed recursive computation formulas can be extended to the least squares estimation algorithms for pseudo-linear regression models, e.g., the equation error systems.


A learning support system with a body experience has a favorable influence on learning in children because they obtain a sense of immersion. It is important to evaluate the learning effect of a learning support system. However, the learning effect of the learning support system was almost evaluated manually in previous research. The authors propose an evaluation system called "KIKIMIMI" for automating the post-evaluation of a learning support system by reactions from the learner's voice. In this paper, we report the validity of KIKIMIMI as a system for automating a post-evaluation.


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This article focuses on epistemological problems in the religious and philosophical system of A.I. Vvedensky. The thesis is proved that theory of knowledge, according to A. I. Vvedensky, is the central part of philosophy.I. Vvedensky's interpretation of the concept «metaphisycs» is analysed, the possibility of metaphisycs as the faith or as the knowledge is considered, the arguments of A. I. Vvedensky about the importance of this problem not only to philosophy but to science as a whole are provided.


Nowadays the management of the knowledge is the key to create competitive advantages in the increasing globalization, for this reason the organizations seek to adopt models to his structures and needs supported in the human resource that allow across the innovation to grow and to remain in the market. With the present work we seek to identify the current situation of the management of knowledge in a manufacturing company of Bogota in order to support the investigation realized by initiative of the teacher Cesar Augusto Bernal Torres, Msc; of the Sabana University. This study was done by a poll to 120 persons during June and July, 2010.


– Interactive information retrieval (IR) involves many human cognitive shifts at different information behaviour levels. Cognitive science defines a cognitive shift or shift in cognitive focus as triggered by the brain's response and change due to some external force. This paper aims to provide an explication of the concept of "cognitive shift" and then report results from a study replicating Spink's study of cognitive shifts during interactive IR. This work aims to generate promising insights into aspects of cognitive shifts during interactive IR and a new IR evaluation measure – information problem shift., – The study participants (n=9) conducted an online search on an in‐depth personal medical information problem. Data analysed included the pre‐ and post‐search questionnaires completed by each study participant. Implications for web services and further research are discussed., – Key findings replicated the results in Spink's study, including: all study participants reported some level of cognitive shift in their information problem, information seeking and personal knowledge due to their search interaction; and different study participants reported different levels of cognitive shift. Some study participants reported major cognitive shifts in various user‐based variables such as information problem or information‐seeking stage. Unlike Spink's study, no participant experienced a negative shift in their information problem stage or level of information problem understanding., – This study builds on the previous study by Spink using a different dataset. The paper provides valuable insights for further research into cognitive shifts during interactive IR.