SUMMnRK-Occurrence of chewino lice on Snuiiish ranror.7. Between 1985 and 1992. 304 falconiform birds of 21 species were survCyed for &toparasites. mainly'chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). The genera (and in most cases, the species) of the louse populations were determined. both gualitatively and auantitativelv. The mean ~revalcnce obtained reached &nost 42 %. the number of oara&tes raneine froml to 324 (me& value=30.'1 k44.1 lice/liosi parasitized). Data on seasonal prevalenk, intensity k &msitism. and location on the host are presented. The moult of birds was the only factor studied alTecting significantly the prevalence and intensity oT parasitism. Key tvords: Occurrence. Phthiraptera, Spanish raptors.


Aim To discuss feasibility scheme of drug using in outpatient of military staff according with sanitation demand and medical supplying ability. Methods Through Diphi expert consultation, establishing evaluation indexes system on military staff outpatient drug using project; analyzing influence factors on scheme of drug using in outpatient of military staff and feasibility of scheme by way of variety Predigesting; Results The third project, which General Department constitutes basic principle and requisition on drug using in military staff outpatient, is provided with preferable and practical health ensuring effects. Conclusion At present, headquarters should constitute basic principle, requisition and supervise measures on drug using in military staff outpatient. All levels of military medical units constitute corresponding drug using catalogue on military staff outpatient and ensuring measures. With the development of nation economy, the level of drug using in military staff outpatient will enhanced gradually and reach the goal of excellent health service.


Efficient shielding of the π face is offered by the phenyl group of the chiral auxiliary (TES=triethylsilyl) to the allyl cation generated at low temperature from 1. This protection induces high π-facial selectivity and allows high chemical yield on the capture of the cation by furan to afford the title cycloadduct 2.


PURPOSE: Provided is a method for manufacturing an ultra low carbon steel with a carbon content of less than 70 ppm in steelmaking process by reducing the generation amount of non metallic inclusions in RH vacuum degasser. CONSTITUTION: The method includes the steps of measuring oxygen content in molten steel with a sampling device at a time when 2 to 3 minutes have passed after start of molten steel refining in RH vacuum degasser; calculating the amount of aluminum to be added to the molten steel during decarburization on the basis of measured oxygen content of the molten steel; adding aluminum to the molten steel in an amount of 0.04 to 0.08 kg/ton, wherein the aluminum pouring is started from a time when about 4 minutes have passed after start of molten steel refining at a time interval of 0.5 to 1 minute for 4 to 8 minutes; and refluxing the molten steel for a fixed time after adding the aluminum into molten steel.


Parental engagement in children's' school experience plays a vital role in supporting student learning and securing positive school-family relations. Existing literature recognizes different levels and forms of parental involvement in schools, determined by cultural context, school leadership models, parenting practices and types of schools. In this paper, I attempt to examine the relationship between parental engagement and school leadership in a comparative context of international schooling. The study will be an ethnography, to gain insight to the insiders' views, experiences and perspectives of parents and school leaders. A mixed methods approach will be employed, using contextual large-scale questionnaires, interviews and observations with parents and school leaders. This study is original, as it explores parental engagement and leadership in private IB schools. These schools are currently understudied, as are families of higher socio-economic status that constitute the schools' parent community. Furthermore, the study focuses on Middle School ages (11-16 years old) where there is a gap in research. Literature shows a sudden drop of parental engagement in Middle School, while there is scientific evidence that Middle School students need equal or more parental support than Primary School students (Hayden & Thompson, 2013). It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of international schools and international education, two driving forces of educational change on a national and global scale.


In this study, the relationship between fluctuation of the emission current and the number of active carbon nanotube emitters is discussed, and also the effect of gas adsorption on the emission characteristics is investigated.


Nitric acid production plant is self-sufficient in energy. It is a net exporter of energy. But its exergy efficiency is very low. Turbocompressor, which utilises work produced by recovered heat, is used to maintain pressure in the process. Large amount of heat is taken out from cooler condenser by using cooling tower water. In this paper, energy and exergy analysis of mono high pressure nitric acid process is carried out. Both turbocompressor and cooler condenser are accounting to 33.28% of total exergy destruction. An attempt has been made to reduce exergy losses in both equipments by using a practical approach. Heat available in cooler condenser is recovered by using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) within available practical limits of the plant. Exergy analysis of ORC shows that 42% of the losses in cooler condenser are reduced.


IN the past a number of variations of the multiple-choice item have been considered in an effort to obtain from a particular item more information about a student's knowledge. In conventionally scored multiple-choice items, complete information leads to a score of 1 and misinformation leads to a score of 0. Partial information may lead to a score of either 1 or 0. A realistic, although complex, picture of the problem is presented by Little (1962). He describes six combinations of information which might determine scores on an item:


We examined the effect of circadian rhythms on self-motion perception
(vection). We measured the strength of vection (i.e. latency, duration, and
magnitude of vection) every three hours from 9 AM to 9 PM. The results showed
that vection was similar at all times measured. Thus, we concluded that vection
was unaffected by circadian clock.


Quality of any software system mainly depends on how much time testing take place, what kind of testing methodologies are used, the complexity of software and the amount of efforts put by software developers subject to the cost and time constraint. More time developers spend on testing more errors can be removed leading to better reliable software. On the contrary, if testing time is too short, the software cost could be reduced, but in that case the customers may take a higher risk of buying unreliable software. However, this will increase the cost during operational phase since it is more expensive to fix an error during operational phase than during testing phase. Therefore it is essentially important to decide when to stop testing and release the software to customers based on cost and reliability assessment. In this paper we present a mechanism of when to stop testing process and release the software to end-user by developing software cost model with risk factor. Based on the proposed method we specifically address the issues of how to decide that now we should stop testing and release the software that is based on three-tier client server architecture which would facilitates software developers to ensure on-time delivery of a software product matching the criteria of attaining a predefined level of reliability and minimizing the cost. A numerical example has been cited to illustrate the experimental results showing significant improvements over the conventional statistical models based on NHPP.


The settling of suspensions of slender rod-like particles with large aspect ratios was studied. The novel technique of enhancement of sedimentation rates by the addition of buoyant particle promoters was applied to such suspensions. The settling rates could be increased by many times by this simple technique. Sedimentation velocity increases of between 5 to 7 times have been observed for fibrous suspensions of concentrations of about 0.5%. A statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed to establish a correlation for the enhancement in settling velocities. The sediment volume was unaffected by the presence of buoyant particles. The buoyant parjticles were found to adsorb some surfactants onto their surfaces.


The detection and stabilization of laser beam pointing is of great interest for multiple high precision applications, e.g., interferometric measurements [1]. Beside the typically applied beam pointing detection based on quadrant photodiodes [2] an alternative detection method based on the superposition of the deflected beam with a higher order mode has been demonstrated [3]. However, in the so far presented approach the beam pointing detection was realized by the superposition of two modes at the same frequency in a homodyne detection setup, requiring multiple detectors. Here, we present that with an alternative approach the tilt and displacement of the deflected beam can also be reconstructed from a radio-frequency beating signal generated by the deflected beam superimposed with a frequency-shifted higher-order mode on a single detector. Numerical and analytical descriptions of the beam pointing detection concept are compared, and we present a first proof-of-principle experimental realization of an one-dimensional beam stabilization which can be extended into a two-dimensional approach by the superposition with two higher-order modes with different frequency shifts.


Background: Awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of oral cancers allowfor enhanced planning of timely and effective treatment in order to improvepatients' life quality. Despite the fact that oral and perioral cancers are notincluded in common cancers, they are of special importance for their impact onhuman morbidity and life quality.Aim of the present study was to investigate the distributional patterns of oral andperioral malignancies in terms of age, gender, type and location.Materials and Methods: 4179 Oral and Maxillofacial cases taken over 5 years (2009- 2013) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Specialist SurgeriesHospital, Medical city, Baghdad, were studied. Among these, 707 biopsyspecimens were made for histopathological diagnosis, 182 cases included oralmalignant lesions and the rest cases were benign lesions. The data involve age,gender, location, and type of malignancy for these cases were recorded.Results: The results of this survey showed that the most common malignant orallesions were of epithelial origin with 121 cases (66%), salivary lesions with 20cases (11%), and hematogenic malignancies with 18 cases (10%). Squamous cellcarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma were the most commonmalignant lesions in this area of the body. The mean age of patients was (39.1)years of old and the male to female ratio was found to be 1.3:1.Conclusion: In this study, epithelial malignant tumors constituted the majority ofdiagnosed malignant tumors followed by salivary malignant tumors andlymphomas.


Through treatments of the two rice species J59 and B9363,and their transgenic products TR5, TR6 with Basta in different spraying time,concentration and dosage,we found that Basta had direct ef- fect on the two species.The choice of spraying time and concentration played a key role.Compared with concentration,dosage is less important.The resistance to Basta of transgenic lines presents significant difference.TR5 is more resistant than TR6 whether in two-leaf and threc-leef-and-one-leaflest stage.


OBJECTIVE
Regeneration of bone requires the combination of appropriate drugs and an appropriate delivery system to control cell behavior. However, the delivery of multiple drugs to heal bone is complicated by the availability of carriers. The aim of this study was to explore a new system for delivery of a selective EP4 receptor agonist (EP4A) in combination with low-dose bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2).

METHODS
Combined delivery of EP4A and BMP-2 was carried out with a nanogel-based scaffold in the shape of a disc, to repair critical-size circle-shaped bone defects in calvariae that otherwise did not heal spontaneously.

RESULTS
Combination treatment with EP4A and low-dose BMP-2 in nanogel efficiently activated bone cells to regenerate calvarial bone by forming both outer and inner cortical plates as well as bone marrow tissue to regenerate a structure similar to that of intact calvaria. EP4A enhanced low-dose BMP-2-induced cell differentiation and activation of transcription events in osteoblasts.

CONCLUSION
These data indicate that combined delivery of EP4A and low-dose BMP-2 via nanogel-based hydrogel provides a new system for bone repair.


The possibility of fuelling pure RF-powered tandem mirror end plugs by gas puffing is considered. It is shown experimentally that gas puffing can lead to significant increases in plug density and that the details of the plug density buildup depended on the antenna locations relative to the central cell and the plug midplane. Large charge-exchange energy loss resulting from the puff gas makes it an inefficient technique for fuelling high-temperature end plugs. The possibility of employing gas puffing for building up high-density end plugs composed of relatively cold ions is also considered as a means of achieving electrostatic confinement for an ICRF-stabilized central cell. Experimental enhancement of the central-cell density, which shows no significant cooling of the central cell by the colder plug plasmas, is demonstrated. The RF power requirements for refuelling an ICRF-powered end plug to a given density and temperature are estimated.


than any other malignancy. 1 Although patients with early-stage disease can be cured with surgical resection, with or without adjuvant therapy, a significant number of patients go on to develop disseminated disease. For patients with metastatic melanoma, common treatment approaches have included chemotherapy and immunotherapy, used alone or in combination. The inability of these agents to improve survival, coupled with their significant toxicity, has justified the enrollment of untreated patients in clinical trials. 2 Dacarbazine (DTIC) and its analog temozolomide are generally considered the most active cytotoxic agents, with response rates of 8% to 20%. Despite a lack of evidence that they improve overallsurvivalwhencomparedwithano-treatmentcontrol,these agents have achieved widespread application as standard therapy. Randomized trials have failed to provide any evidence for the superiority of other single agents, combination chemotherapy, or the addition of tamoxifen or interferon to DTIC compared with DTIC therapy alone. 3 High-dose bolus interleukin-2 (IL-2) was granted US Food and Drug Administration approval based on its abilitytoproducedurablecompleteresponsesinasmallnumberof


We have investigated the optical properties of Cr3+ ions in an alkali gallium silicate glass system and in two glass-based nanocomposites with nucleated β-Ga2O3 nanocrystals. The nucleation and growth of the nanocrystalline phase in the host glass matrix were monitored by Raman scattering spectroscopy and angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction. A broadband luminescence, associated with the T24-A24 transition from the weak crystal field of octahedral Cr3+ sites, dominated the emission of the precursor as-quenched glass. The luminescence spectra of the synthesized glass-ceramic nanocomposites revealed a crystal-like E2-A24 strong emission and indicated that the major fraction of Cr3+ ions was located within the nanocrystalline environment. The variable-temperature studies of the nanocomposites demonstrated that the fluorescence of Cr3+ ions can be transformed from sharp R lines of the E2-A24 transition to a combination of R lines and of the broad band of the T24-A24 transition. We propose a simple distribution ...


Anglo-American communio ecclesiology — especially as represented by David Schindler — often emphasizes the dangers of Christian engagement with the Western social, political and cultural order. As a result, it specifies no modes of ecclesial rapport to the secular world, or of ecumenical reintegration. This paper rereads Joseph de Maistre's masterpiece Du Pape (1819) in its historical intellectual context, revealing Maistre as an ancestor of communio who was far more open to the possibility of ecclesiastical interaction with socio-political realities. The argument illuminates Du Pape's ideal of ecumenism through freedom, and describes the book's propositions for the realization of this ideal. Devoting special attention to the Maistrian rendering of European constitutional history, the analysis also assesses Du Pape's relevance to problems in contemporary ecclesiology. It suggests, in particular, how the Church as a spiritual government might further ecumenical unity without countering the theocentric premises of communio theology, or violating the divinity of the Christian mission.


Summary
The UK Farm Scale Evaluations (FSE) compared the effects on biodiversity of management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops and conventional crops over the shorter term. We simulated population changes over seven 4-year rotations (28 years) for weeds in crop rotations that included cereals and spring-sown GMHT and conventional oilseed rape and beet, using FSE data and assuming the continuation of the weed management systems practised in the FSE. The weed density dependence that was modelled integrated change caused by population dynamics and farmers' responses to changes in weed density. Predicted weed seed populations decreased under conventional management and at a greater rate under GMHT. Total seed densities were lower for GMHT cropping by a factor of 0.7–0.8. The predicted distributions of weeds had more fields with lower weed densities under GMHT cropping. Such changes could affect animal populations on farmland, depending on the scale of uptake of GMHT crop cultivars.


Numerous studies have been reported concerning the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the metabolism of biogenic amines, especially in the central nervous system and in the heart.


This paper presents a numerical study of fully developed turbulent heat transfer in a flat channel half filled with porous material; the simulated fluid is air while an aluminium foam represents the solid matrix. The main focus is on heat transfer performances of a porous wall, the interface between a saturated porous medium and the clear fluid, in forced convection conditions; in the fluid portion a turbulent regime with a Reynolds number based on the mean velocity and the hydraulic diameter Re=9·10 3 is sustained. The Nusselt number and the efficiency computed on the porous wall is sensibly higher than the flat wall value and this is in direct relation with the presence of a higher peak of the wallnormal turbulent heat flux.


We propose a novel method for 3D point cloud action recognition. Understanding human actions in RGB videos has been widely studied in recent years, however, its 3D point cloud counterpart remains under-explored. This is mostly due to the inherent limitation of the point cloud data modality -- lack of structure, permutation invariance, and varying number of points -- which makes it difficult to learn a spatio-temporal representation. To address this limitation, we propose the 3DinAction pipeline that first estimates patches moving in time (t-patches) as a key building block, alongside a hierarchical architecture that learns an informative spatio-temporal representation. We show that our method achieves improved performance on existing datasets, including DFAUST and IKEA ASM.


Infrared thermography is a modern non-destructive measuring method for the examination of redeveloped and non-renovated buildings. Infrared cameras provide a means for temperature measurement in building constructions from inside and outside as well. It has been shown that infrared thermography is applicable for insulation inspection, identifying air leakage and heat losses sources, finding the exact position of heating tubes or for discovering the reasons why mould, moisture is growing in an area and it is also used in conservation field to detect hidden characteristics or degradations of building structures. Infrared thermography is equipment or method, which detects infrared energy emitted from an object, converts it to temperature, and displays image of temperature distribution. In Construction Industries, the application of infrared thermography is not limited to passive investigations but active investigation too. Some defects like voids in concrete or masonry, delaminations at interfaces of an object which have a different density or heat conductivity can also be detected and characterised. Infrared thermography, due to its non-contact character that allows for quick 2D surface mapping, represents a powerful tool for non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials and structures. As Infrared thermography is still not completely exploited and traditional methods are still employed. Due to the ambiguity in the analysis by using traditional methods of non-destructive testing this method emerges as an easy and quick method. So, in this paper, different areas are taken for inspection on the campus of Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Matunga, Mumbai, and at the same location traditional methods of NDT are also performed and the results are compared. Thus, temperature measurement must be completed during a short elapsed time after the pulse heating. The infrared thermography is useful in detecting invisible defects non-destructively, extensively and safely.


This appendix contains a table that presents a list of governors-general and governors of Formosa during 1624-1662. Focusing on Formosan agency in the encounter with Dutch colonialism and Chinese encroachment, this book reveals a fascinating picture of Taiwan in the early modern era.Keywords: 1624-1662; civilization; Dutch colonialism; Dutch Formosa; early modern era; Formosa; governors


This article is devoted to studying the problem of safety management system (SMS) and evaluating safety level of an aviation enterprise. This article discusses the problems of SMS, presented at the 41st meeting of the Russian Aviation Production Commanders Club in June 2014 in St. Petersburg in connection with the verification of the status of the CA of the Russian Federation by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the same year, a set of urgent measures to eliminate the deficiencies identified in the current safety management system by participants of this meeting were proposed. In addition, the problems of evaluating flight safety level based on operation data of an aviation enterprise were analyzed. This analysis made it possible to take into account the problems listed in this article as a tool for a comprehensive study of SMS parameters and allows to analyze the quantitative indicators of the flights safety level. The concepts of Acceptable Safety Level (ASL) indicators are interpreted differently depending on the available/applicable methods of their evaluation and how to implement them in SMS. However, the indicators for assessing ASL under operational condition at the aviation enterprise should become universal. Currently, defined safety levels and safety indicators are not yet established functionally and often with distorted underrepresented models describing their contextual contents, as well as ways of integrating them into SMS aviation enterprise. The results obtained can be used for better implementation of SMS and solving problems determining the aviation enterprise technical level of flight safety.


Objective: To objectively evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Mixture for Nourishing Kidney and 96 patients in the treatment group were treated with Mixture for Nourishing Kidney and Strengthening Bone in the blank group were given no drug in half a year. Observation and determination were conducted on bone mineral density (BMD), clinical symptoms, bone gla protein (BGP), pyridinoline (PYD), estradiol (E2),testosterone (T), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), transaminase and routine test on blood and urine. Result: The comprehensive effect in the treatment group was remarkably superior to that in the control group. Conclusion:The safe and reliable Chinese drug can enhance BMD, promote osteogenesis and inhibit bone absorption,hence treating osteoporosis with marked effect.


This paper describes the ELLA applications support environment - EASE. The support environment allows separate modular compilation and multi-level simulation with almost no semantic or syntatic constructs in the ELLA language. The paper describes the form that the EASE takes and the advantages this gives over other programming support environments. The weaknesses of the current EASE and future work are also discussed.


This study compares the effect of anisotropic structure on the room temperature (23°C) deformation and failure behavior of two distinctly different polymers. One a single phase nematic polymer, PMDA-ODA polyimide [PI] with a glass transition, T g , near 400°C; the other a previously studied anisotropic two phase molecular polymer composite, isotactic polypropylene [IPP] with a glass transition near 14°C. Although isotactic polypropylene has a two phase crystal-noncrystalline structure its deformation behavior is controlled by the noncrystalline phase. A series of oriented PMDA-ODA polyimide [PI] films are fabricated and their orientation characterized. The present study investigates whether the deformation and failure behavior of these anisotropic single phase nematic PMDA-ODA polyimide films (tested at a very low strain rate at room temperature) is similar to that previously observed for isotactic polypropylene at its low strain rate failure envelope limit.


Nowadays, several tools are used to estimate the productivity of PVT components, nevertheless none of them takes into account all the factors and the losses that are involved in the energy balance of an hybrid collector system, like spectral efficiency of PV module or radiative heat exchange between PV module and sky. The aim of this work is the construction of a detailed mathematical model for the estimation of electrical and thermal production of a unglazed hybrid component with water as heat transfer fluid. The paper presents a detailed performance prediction model applicable to uncovered PVT collectors and the experimental validation carried out at the Politecnico di Milano on a commercial module.


To cite this article: Girodet P‐O, Ozier A, Trian T, Begueret H, Ousova O, Vernejoux J‐M, Chanez P, Marthan R, Berger P, Tunon de Lara JM. Mast cell adhesion to bronchial smooth muscle in asthma specifically depends on CD51 and CD44 variant 6. Allergy 2010; 65: 1004–1012.


This paper belongs to a larger research work which intends to prove the paradoxe of security where we are living in. We did not see the danger coming as we were blind to this illusion. The danger spread over the planet like a toxic cloud, as the Seveso accident. That is the reason why we can speak about the cindynic which is the science of danger and risks. The notion appears in the industrial world but could be applied to financial issues. At the exact moment where the world adopted the IAS and raised the banks capital requirements, the financial markets were confronted to an extraordinary systemic risk. Even worse these standards which were supposed to protect us and increase the world financial stability were considered as guilty and if not guilty part of the crisis process.


To prevent fungal deterioration of house mandarin during storage and transportation, a bacterium, (cid:9478)(cid:9509)(cid:9511)(cid:9517)(cid:9520)(cid:9520)(cid:9529)(cid:9527) (cid:9524)(cid:9529)(cid:9521)(cid:9517)(cid:9520)(cid:9529)(cid:9527) TM-R, producing volatile antifungal organic compounds(VAOCs)with strong activity was applied as a biological control agent, which was an alternative to chemical fungicidal treatment. The surface of house mandarin was contaminated with conidiospores of (cid:9479)(cid:9520)(cid:9509)(cid:9512)(cid:9523)(cid:9527)(cid:9524)(cid:9523)(cid:9526)(cid:9517)(cid:9529)(cid:9521) (cid:9511)(cid:9520)(cid:9509)(cid:9512)(cid:9523)(cid:9527)(cid:9524)(cid:9523)(cid:9526)(cid:9517)(cid:9523)(cid:9517)(cid:9512)(cid:9513)(cid:9527), and the fruits were incubated with a culture of (cid:9478)(cid:9458) (cid:9524)(cid:9529)(cid:9521)(cid:9517)(cid:9520)(cid:9529)(cid:9527) TM-R in a sealed container at (cid:9875)(cid:9872)℃ for (cid:9879) days. Deterioration was significantly reduced by the presence of the bacterium. VAOCs produced by the bacterium inhibited the germination of conidiospores and mycelium elongation. Among (cid:9874)(cid:9872)(cid:9880) bacterial isolates newly obtained from soil and manure, (cid:9878) isolates showed a stronger and wider antifungal activity. (cid:9478)(cid:9458) (cid:9524)(cid:9529)(cid:9521)(cid:9517)(cid:9520)(cid:9529)(cid:9527) TM-R was, however, still the strongest in the production of VAOCs for suppressing fungal growth.


While the state of Oregon is cited in the new regionalism literature for exemplary land use and environmental planning, this paper focuses on the treatment of equity issues. Implementation of a revised statewide regional economic development program is discussed, contrasting efforts in the metropolitan Portland area with rural southeast Oregon. Despite following very different planning and grant-making processes, both introduced equity issues concerned with ensuring access to the economy. In Portland this meant aspiring to connect economically distressed communities with a successful regional economy while in southeast Oregon a distressed region hoped to connect with the state's growing economy.


The anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR) was improved to hybrid ABR(HABR),and the combined process of HABR,coagulation and biological contact oxidation was used to treat printing and dyeing wastewater.The treatment efficiency of HABR and the selection of coagulation location were especially investigated.The results show that the treatment efficiency of printing and dyeing wastewater is significantly improved by adding media layer,rationally distributing the upflow velocity in each reaction chamber and increasing the sludge return rate in traditional ABR.Placing the coagulation process between anaerobic process and aerobic process is the most favorable in terms of treatment efficiency and cost.When the influent COD,color and SS are 400 to 500 mg/L,500 to 600 times and 200 to 250 mg/L respectively,the removal rates of COD,color and SS by the combined process are 85.4%,95.6% and 90.9% respectively,with better and stable treatment efficiency.


This research aims to increase the activity and learning outcomes of class VIII H students on the material of the human respiratory organs. When learning shows that there are still many students who think that this material is not important, resulting in low learning outcome. One effort to improve learning outcomes is to evaluate the learning model that has been used so far. Furthermore, researchers apply the Mind Map learning model which is expected to increase learning activities and learning outcomes. This type of research is Classroom Action Research with the subject of class VIII H students as many as 31 students. The results showed that learning activities in the aspect of asking questions increased by 65.32% to 82.26%, the active aspect of discussing with groups by 76.61% increased to 85.48%, the aspect of summarizing teacher explanations was 68.54% increased to 83.06%, aspects in writing discussion results by 68.54% increased to 91.12, aspects in drawing mind mapping by 79.03% increased to 83.87%. So that there is an increase in the percentage of student learning activities from cycle I to cycle II.


Providing traveling vehicle rough terrain that it is possible to obtain a sufficient Disrupt properties. Traveling vehicle rough terrain is a moving vehicle all-terrain traveling by driving a plurality of crawlers units, and the body of the vehicle, a plurality of arms, one end of each arm, said plurality of crawlers units and a plurality of arms which one is attached one of the other end of each arm, and a plurality of suspension mechanism mounted between the body.


Despite growing internationalization, national ties have remained a structural aspect of missionary and humanitarian work. This was especially true of the Interwar period in the Middle East, where colonial powers, independent states and political ideologies competed. The beginnings of the Action Chrétienne en Orient (ACO) bear witness to this: the ACO, specialized in assistance to Christian Anatolian refugees and missionary work towards Muslims, made strategic use of its national connections. It retained German and Protestant connections, while serving as a formally French broker between refugees or Protestant missionary organizations and the French colonial authority. Yet as looming independence seemed to threaten the position of Christian refugees, the ACO gradually entered the 'colonial quadrillage' through which France exerted guidance over voluntary organizations.


Let us first respond to the Comments by Gates et al. (GKT) [1] in our Letter [2]. Among the various issues raised by GKT, the most crucial one is their claim that our result disagrees with the observations; this is not true. Their claim stems from (i) confusing model-dependent results (obtained on the basis of certain mass models) with actual observational constraints, (ii) confusing the classical mass models of the halo with models that probe its phase space structure, and (iii) using the notion of superposition not allowed by the selfconsistent Boltzmann-Poisson equations which involve a nonlinear coupling among the various components. Indeed, the very purpose of our Letter [2] was to present a method which would sensitively probe the density and dispersion velocity of dark-matter particles in the solar neighborhood, circumventing some of the problems encountered in previous analyses.


Summary This paper presents a new approach for audio-signal watermarking in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The method proposed in this paper offers an efficient way of copyright protection of audio signal through a virtual-optical-imaging scheme (VOIS). The watermarking method presented here does not require the use of original signal for watermark detection. Besides, this scheme is of a high-strength security system with multiple locks and multiple keys. The embedding strategy of a watermark with a methodology of the VOIS is analyzed in detail under the framework of Fourier optics. The embedded watermark is robust to normal signal manipulations. Numerical simulation results show a good agreement with theoretical prediction.


The present invention discloses a device for gripping a film can be replaced, including the clamping plate and the adjustment assembly, the clamping plate is connected with the frame by adjusting the diaphragm assembly, the adjustment assembly for adjusting the clamping plate and the film reel the distance between the adjustment assembly comprises a lock nut, spring, adjusting screw and the stopper screw, one end of said adjusting screw lock nut is locked against the frame plate film, the stopper screw through the clamping plate and positioned with a clamping nut locking plate, limit screw protruding end of the adjusting screw protruding end of the screwed connection, the limit set in the spring screw, compression between the clamping plate and frame membrane plate. Structure of the present invention is designed, according to the user needs to adjust the clamp level, and can be replaced quickly and remove mulch clamping device, easy to operate, saving labor, and stable and reliable performance.


There is an important difference between the Church's definitions of what constitutes membership and the criteria of a self reported measure, such as a census (Knowlton 2005). The lds Church currently claims 1,209,974 members in Brazil, while the Brazilian census for 2010 records only 226,509 Brazilians claiming to be Latter-day Saints (ibge 2012). Both of these numbers are social artefacts which tell us something about the nature of Mormonism in this South American country. The official Mormon number is a measure of all living Brazilians who have been baptized into the Church, or who have been born to members and then registered with the Church by receiving a ritual blessing after birth. In contrast, the census measures the quantity of people who state that they and their families are members of the faith. As a result, the two numbers establish a field of Mormonism and challenge the simple presentation of membership statistics. On one side there are those who joined the faith, or were born to parents who did so, and on the other there are those who claim a Mormon identity. This wider field is described by Davies as the Church versus the 'Church within the Church'—the latter being the group of highly active or highly identified


Recent experimental observations of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) open the way for investigating novel physics of nonlinear waves with promising applications in atomic physics and condensed matter physics. The interplay between atomic interactions and SOC are crucial for the understanding of the dynamics of nonlinear waves in BECs with SOC. Here, in the small linear coupling regime, an approach is presented which allows us to derive an infinite number of novel approximate solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equations (GPEs) in one and two dimensions including SOCs, time-dependent external potentials, and nonlinearities leading to breathers and periodic as well as quasiperiodic nonlinear waves. To verify the theoretical predictions we perform numerical simulations which show for several cases a very good agreement with the analytics. For the case of one spatial dimension, it is shown that functions describing the external potential and nonlinearities cannot be chosen independently. The management of the solutions is clarified along with some important physical properties such as Josephson oscillations and Rosen–Zener oscillations.


The years between 1700 and 1800 saw Susannah Centlivre's plays performed 1,227 times in London theaters. Two plays, The Busie Body and A Bold Stroke for a Wife, accounted for 822 of these performances.1 The Busie Body was an immediate hit upon opening at the Drury Lane Theatre on 12 May 1709. After eighteen performances in its first season, it averaged more than six performances annually until 1 800, thus becoming the most popular female-authored play of the century. The second spot belongs to Centlivre, too. A Bold Stroke, first performed on 3 February 1718 at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, enjoyed a relatively successful run of six nights. Yet, unlike The Busie Body, this play was not consistently popular with early-century audiences; indeed, after the initial run, it was not produced again in London for ten years. But after 1750 the play's popularity increased markedly so much so that by the end of the century it was performed almost as often as Centlivre's earlier play.2 Only a few critics have attempted to explain the popularity of these two plays. John Wilson Bowyer and Nancy Copeland both attribute the late-century success of A Bold Stroke to the popularity of the various actors who played the role of the hero, Colonel Fainwell. Thalia Stathis attributes the success to "cleverly wrought stage business," "plot intrigue," "amusing male roles," "structural unity," and "concentrated action." Jess Byrd credits The Busie Body's popularity to Centlivre's "preference for laughing comedy with an improved moral tone" and characters and a plot that are "amusing but inoffensive, and . . . satisfy the desire of the growing eighteeth-century middle-class audience for respectability on the stage." Similarly, Fidelis Morgan asserts that Centlivre's comedies in general managed to please a "new and more po-faced audience," largely because "compromise and adaptation for the mealy-mouthed were in demand" in the latter


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a distressing dermatological disease, which is highly prevalent during infancy, can persist into later life and requires long‐term management with anti‐inflammatory compounds. The introduction of the topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, more than 10 yr ago was a major breakthrough for the topical anti‐inflammatory treatment of AD. Pimecrolimus 1% is approved for second‐line use in children (≥2 yr old) and adults with mild‐to‐moderate AD. The age restriction was emphasized in a boxed warning added by the FDA in January 2006, which also highlights the lack of long‐term safety data and the theoretical risk of skin malignancy and lymphoma. Since then, pimecrolimus has been extensively investigated in short‐ and long‐term studies including over 4000 infants (<2 yr old). These studies showed that pimecrolimus effectively treats AD in infants, with sustained improvement with long‐term intermittent use. Unlike topical corticosteroids, long‐term TCI use does not carry the risks of skin atrophy, impaired epidermal barrier function or enhanced percutaneous absorption, and so is suitable for AD treatment especially in sensitive skin areas. Most importantly, the studies of pimecrolimus in infants provided no evidence for systemic immunosuppression, and a comprehensive body of evidence from clinical studies, post‐marketing surveillance and epidemiological investigations does not support potential safety concerns. In conclusion, the authors consider that the labelling restrictions regarding the use of pimecrolimus in infants are no longer justified and recommend that the validity of the boxed warning for TCIs should be reconsidered.


form that superficially resembles the dikaryon.'7 Care is required for the recognition of dikaryons. A short segment of the Salmonella chromosome, the histidine operon," is considered to function as a unit structure in transcription from DNA to messenger multigenic to in the formation of the in to the pathway of L-histidine biosynthesis


Active power-factor correction (PFC) circuits are commonly used in the first stage of single-phase AC/DC power converters to improve the power factor and low-order harmonic distortion. In continuous current mode (CCM) PFC circuits, the reverse recovery current of a PN diode is induced during its turn-off following the turnon operation of a MOSFET, which causes not only a switching loss but also a switching noise in the PFC circuit. This study investigates the loss and conducted noise characteristics of a PFC circuit by comparing the difference among silicon PiN diodes, silicon Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), and silicon carbide SBDs.


The formation of intermediate and deep water plays a key role in regulating climate changes at a variety of time scales through the heat redistribution and carbon cycling. The Japan Sea has unique water-mass characteristics in the North Pacific with its own deep-water formation within the Sea itself called Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW). Latitudinal ventilation changes in the Japan Sea were reconstructed using radiolarian assemblage from three sediment cores, extending from the southwestern, central to northwestern Japan Sea. Here, we present downcore faunal records spanning the last 25 ka as well as other existing ventilation records in the Japan Sea, and provide reliable evidence to evaluate the potential controlling mechanism that lead to onset and interruption of JSPW ventilation. Taking all together, we argue that radiolarian assemblage records have revealed a distinct basin-scale transition in deep-water conditions from anoxic to oxic during the deglaciation related to changing surface hydrography. However, it should be recognized that there is significant potential for bias in the timing of the ventilation changes among regions. Deep ventilation in the central Japan Sea has been in an interglacial mode during the Bølling/Allerød presumably related to northward volume transport of the Tsushima Warm Current. Moreover, the decrease of JSPW Assemblage at the B/A in southwestern Japan Sea was attributed to higher export productivity, facilitating suboxic deepwater condition through enhanced consumption of oxygen, which was probably caused by coastal upwelling. In contrast, the weakening ventilation of the northwestern Japan Sea during the B/A and YD periods was probably caused by the blocking effect of the sea ice. Note: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41420104005, U1606401) and National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-GEOGE-04).


The organization chart is often considered as a primary business information. The organization chart is visible; many of the more important factors that affect organizational performance are not. Improving information flows, improving problem solving and learning, developing constructive interactions between individuals and units, using negotiation to manage conflict, communication and modeling by management, revamping rewards and controls and developing a culture that enables improvement are some of the organizational aspects that deserve far more attention than reporting relationships.


This paper aims to assess the direct economic impact on the maritime sector from its inclusion in the European Union-Emission Trading System (EU-ETS). The Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) data are analysed for the estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within the European Economic Area (EEA). The economic impact assessment model used is scenario-based, and includes different price incentives, geographical coverage and emission allowances allocation methods. According to our findings, in case the emission allowances are fully auctioned or partially free allocated on the basis of a uniform benchmark, the increased costs would be disproportional among the maritime segments. Such a scheme would penalise Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) and Roll-On/Roll-Off/Passenger (RoPax) segments due their high fuel consumption per transport work in relation to oil tankers and bulkers. The establishment of differentiated benchmarks per segment seems to be a prerequisite for the effective inclusion of shipping in the EU-ETS that will reward energy efficient vessels in each segment and avoid competition distortion within the maritime industry.


The origins, and effects on performance, of small dimensional variations in filament coils are described. Methods for their study and for control in manufacture are mentioned.


The purpose of this study was to develop an educational program that enhances a single mother's social adaptation (self-esteem and sociality) based on the precedent studies. The subjects of this program were seven single motherswholive in C city in Chung Cheong Namdo. Paired-Sample t-test, individual change and group processing description data, and behavior observation record data were analyzed. Research results are as follows based on the research questions. First, a group of 8 single mothers who participated in the program showed an improvement of their social adaptation. Therefore, the effectiveness of the educational program was verified. Second, as the group session went on, the cohesion among the group members was solidified and their will to participate in the program was increased. Third, generally, individuals' understanding, acceptance, and adaptation toward themselves and others were enhanced. On the whole, the educational program for improving single mother's social adaptation was verified. We need to develop and implement more programs that enhance single mother's social adaptation in the future.


Objective To evaluate one-stage procedure for the treatment of neonatal intermediate and high imperforated anus. Methods Clinical data of 21 neonates with intermediate or high imperforated anus undergoing one-stage surgical procedure were summarized. Results Postoperative complication included mucous overlap and soiling in 1 case, and occasional soiling in 2 cases. No postoperative constipation developed in any case. Conclusions Neonatal one-stage procedure avoids short comings often seen in staged procedures and needs no colostomy, promoting hyperplasia and prolongs sphincter during early stage, preventing secondary megacolon.


During the years 1991-2010 the study was conducted in Łodź province, on post-bog meadows reclaimed in the 60s of twentieth century. Reclamation launched and accelerated the processes of organic matter transformation. Most of the drained meadows were utilized and properly used. Agriculturally valuable communities of class Molinio-Arrhenathereteae have developed there. In the early 90s of twentieth century, in result of failure of maintaining the detailed drainage system and the reduction of meadow technology level, the moisture of post-bog meadows increased. The valuable species of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea disappeared or decreased their share in sward. The share of herbs and weeds and/or sedges from wet and marsh habitats increased. Increase of meadow habitats moisture resulted in transformation of wet habitats to reswamped or swamped habitats.


The leaf oil of Dryadodaphne sp. (Mt. Lewis B.P. Hyland RFK1496) contained δ-cadinene (10.7%), globulol (4.6%) and T-cadinol (3.7%) as major compounds. In the bark and wood, the major compounds were guaiol and bulnesol, with these compounds being approximately twice as prevalent in the bark as in wood. In Levieria acuminata, the principal component of the leaf oil was n-dodecanal (28%), with δ-cadinene (5.8%) and calamenene (5.7%) being the principal sesquiterpenes. Kibara rigidifolia produced a complex leaf oil rich in sesquiterpenes, which also contained (Z)-β-ocimene (3–12%) and (E)-β-ocimene (1.5%) as principal monoterpenes. The principal sesquiterpenes were bicyclogermacrene, germacrene-B, guaiol and spathulenol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The research on detection algorithms for uplink multiuser Massive multi input multi output (MIMO) system is a hot-spot for 5G. The recent detection algorithms are constrained by the assumed condition that the receiving antennas' number should be equal to or larger than the transmitting antennas' number. For the overloaded case that the total number of transmitting antennas of users in a cell is larger than that of receiving antennas at base station(BS), they fail to detect with a bad performance. Thus, this paper presents a compressed sensing based semidefinite relaxation (CSR) detection algorithm for this case, which is based on a sparse overloaded detection model where users select to access randomly and autonomously and the accessed state is unknown at BS. Simulation results shows its efficiency. Along with low polynomial computational complexity of O(N2.5K) per symbol, the proposed CSRD obtains an approximate optimum bits error rate performance of 10−5 and a high correct detection rate of the users' accessed state at medium low average received signal to noise ratio for combined 4-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16QAM signal without known users' accessed state at BS in the overloaded case of Nk > Nr, where NK and Nr denote the users' and receiving antennas' numbers, respectively.


Determining the optimal threshold value for image segmentation has become more attention in recent years because of its varied uses. Otsu-based thresholding methods, minimum cross entropy, and Kapur entropy are efficient for solving bi-level thresholding image segmentation problems (BL-ISP), but not with multi-level thresholding image segmentation problems (ML-ISP). The main problem is exponentially increasing computational complexity. This study uses the memory-based Gray Wolf Optimizer (mGWO) to determine the optimal threshold value for solving ML-ISP on RGB images. The mGWO method is a variant of the standard grey wolf optimizer (GWO) that utilizes the best track record of each individual grey wolf for the global exploration and local exploitation phases of the problem solution space. The solution candidates are represented by each grey wolf using the image intensity values and optimized according to mGWO characteristics. Three objective functions, namely the Otsu method, Kapur Entropy, and M.Masi Entropy are used to evaluate the solutions generated in the optimization process. The GridSearch method is used to determine the optimal parameter combination of each method based on 10 training images. Evaluation of the performance of the mGWO method was measured using several benchmark images and compared with five standard swarm intelligence (SI) methods as benchmarks. Analysis of the results was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively based on the average PSNR, RMSE, SSIM, UQI, fitness value, and CPU processing time from 30 tests. The results were analyzed further with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The experimental results show that the performance of the mGWO method outperforms the benchmark method in most experiments and metrics. The mGWO variant also proved to be superior to the standard GWO in resolving multi-level color image segmentation problems. The mGWO performance results are also compared with other state-of-the-art SI methods in solving ML-ISP on grayscale images and was able to outperform those methods in most experiments.


This study attempted to examine the implementation of Performance Lifestyle Program in the United Kingdom through addressing the experiences, mechanism and implications. A case study is presented by examining the program by conducting in-depth interviews and reviewing documentary materials. The major results were as follows: By considering the contribution of medals and meeting athlete's needs, UK Sport launched the Performance Lifestyle Program, which was aimed to support career development for British athletes. The English Institute of Sport designed the program, which consisted of promoting programs, such as Lifestyle Support, Employment and Career Advice, and Education Guidance. Meanwhile, preparations for hosting of the London 2012 Olympic Games intensified the implementation of supporting athlete's career development through budgetary increases and service expansion, as well as other needs. This study concluded that implementation of Performance Lifestyle Program had three major implications: athletes were more "focused" while training and competing; coaches were observed to display "ambivalent" attitude toward balance between athlete's sports performance and preparation of future career; National Sports Federations behaved "passively" in response to implementation of the program.


While commonly thought of as affecting children, attention deficit hyeracivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood as this case study explores


© 2013 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Katherine Baber is assistant professor of music history at the University of Redlands. She completed her PhD in musicology at Indiana University (2011) with a dissertation on Leonard Bernstein's use of jazz and blues styles as musical and cultural topics. Her other research interests include Cold War music and politics, Jewish-American identity, and musical narrative. KATHERINE BABER


WebGIS, formed by the combination of Geographical Information System (GIS ) with Web, is one of the most promising fields of GIS. Based on the analysis of the common developing techniques of WebGIS, this paper presents a new WebGIS architecture based on IMS techniques, recommends a prototype system of WebGIS, and describes the main functions of this system. As more and more importance has been attached to the environmental problems, the application of the WebGIS technique to the field of environmental protection can not only broaden people's vision but also provide them with an effective technical means.


Learning from New Product Success. Aligning Strategic Opportunities. Capitalizing on the Business Environment. Pursuing Market Acceptance. Motivating the Organization. Creating New Product Ideas. Designing New Products from Concepts. Refining the New Product. Tracking the New Product. Lessons from the New Product Success Stories. Notes. Index.


Patients with weak quadriceps have limited option to walk independently. Knee–ankle–foot orthosis (KAFO) are typically prescribed as walking assistive device. KAFOs keep the knee in full extension to provide knee stability during walking and keep knee straight throughout the gait cycle. Locked knee in the swing phase leads to an abnormal gait pattern. Stance control orthosis (SCO) is designed to release the lock during swing phase to allow free knee motion and lock it again during stance phase. It helps the user to walk more natural way by overcoming the limitations of KAFO. Usually SCOs are custom made for each patient. We have design and fabricated a prototype of prefabricated SCO. This prefabricated SCO is an off-the-shelf, compact and lighter design. It contains the adjustable features at shank and thigh side bars and cuffs. Therefore, it is adaptable for the patients of different height and size. This device is 50% lighter than commercially available prefabricated SCO. Lighter components and off-the-shelf design will increase the user acceptance. This new SCO offers three modes of operation; locked mode in entire gait cycle, stance control mode and free knee motion mode. The bio-mechanical performance test revealed this device is structurally strong and user friendly.


ATLAS ELEKTRONIK has a long tradition in the development and manufacture of naval systems and marine technologies like mine-countermeasure boats, integrated sonar, command and control systems and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). One of the latest UUV-product development is the autonomous underwater vehicle, called DeepC with the main features: • Mission depth till 4000 m (Crush: 6000 m); • Weight in air 2.4 to ; • Cruise speed 4 kts; • Maximum speed 6 kts; • Mission time up to 60 hours; • Operating range up to 400 km; • Payloads 250 kg. The development was started on Jan. 1st 2001 and will be finalized end of 2004 with the deep water tests. DeepC (www.deepc-auv.de) is a high efficient deep diving autonomous underwater vehicle system with long endurance for a lot of applications. Many actions that would normally require high cost ROV systems or which are not possible (e.g. under ice investigations) can now be accomplished using DeepC, at less cost and manpower. The main performance parameters of the DeepC system are in general: • Autonomous mission execution; • Low weight; • High manoeuvrability; • Hover capability; • Modular design; • Containerised Payload; • Deployment from vessels of opportunity; • Obstacle avoidance; • In mission re-planning capability; • Precise navigation; • Advanced diagnosis and fault recovery system. With these performance takes the DeepC system an international top place on the AUV sector and has in the framework of the ATLAS ELEKTRONIK AUV family philosophy a key position: it is the technological basis and highlight of the AUV family, contains the equipment with the most fastidious technologies and is now in the final phase of the development. The second member of the AUV family is the SeaOtter Mk 1, a vehicle system based on an ATLAS MARIDAN development. This AUV is extensively tested, qualified and successfully introduced at the market in its basic version. With the help of the DeepC, technology upgrades are planned which will lead to a substantial performance increase. The AUV of the third generation represents the SeaOtter Mk 2, whose development was up-to-date started and which bundles both, the DeepC technology and the operational experience of the SeaOtter Mk 1.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


In 1941 Commoner and Thimann (1) reported the promotion of growth of oat coleoptiles by iodoacetate in the presence of sucrose and indoleacetic acid5 and commented that "such promotion by low concentrations of an inhibitor is a very common phenomenon." The reproducibility of this effect under closely controlled conditions was established (2), and later Thimann and Bonner (3) noted that l-amino-2-naphthol4-sulfonic acid, an inhibitor of pyruvic carboxylase, also stimulated coleoptile elongation and suggested that this stimulation was due to conservation of pyruvate for more constructive processes. It is the purpose of this communication to reexamine and extend this work in the light of new information about the cofactors involved with the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and of a-ketoglutarate. Additional impetus to this approach was obtained from the work oi Bar ron and Singer (4), who, in studying the relative sensitivity of nine different sulfhydryl-containing enzymes to various inhibitors, found that "of all the enzyme systems studied, pyruvate oxidase and the enzyme for pyruvate condensation were the most sensitive to the action of inhibitors."


A Variable Tcharge-Tdischarge Charge Pumping (VT 2 CP) is used to investigate the creation of traps in the SiO2 and HfO2 separately in an ALD SiO2/HfO2 metal gate stack. It is shown that by independently controlling the pulse low timing "discharging time" and high level timing "charging time", we are able to separate the traps in the interfacial SiO2 from the traps in the HfO2 and observe the creation of new traps in both constituent layers. During degradation the increase of traps, both in the SiO2 as well as in the HfO2, follows a power law behavior as a function of time with an exponent ~0.32 and ~0.34 respectively independent of stress voltage. The voltage acceleration of creation of HfO2 traps (-30) found using VT 2 CP is nearly identical of the TDDB (-27) confirming the earlier published model that TDDB occurs when the density of traps in the HfO2 reaches a critical value. VT 2 CP can accurately detect degradation down to a much lower voltage than the dielectric breakdown measurement range and only one stress experiment combined with VT 2 CP is sufficient to determine the degradation at a given voltage, while a TDDB test requires many measurements in order to construct an accurate distribution of failure times.


Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common and highly heritable psychiatric disorder among children which affects 3-7% of them all around the world. ADHD characterized by some symptoms such as extreme and inappropriate levels of motor activity, impulsivity and inattentiveness. Several studies have reported the association between dopaminergic pathway and ADHD. Dopamine D4 receptor gene and its variants is one of the major candidates that have been studied for ADHD. Here we investigated the genetic association between DRD4 rs1800955 polymorphism and ADHD among children from Northwest of Iran. Methods: This case-control study includes 200 ADHD children and 157 controls aged 6-12 years. ADHD children were diagnosed according to DSM-IV and Conners scale and were genotyped by PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Results: Frequencies of genotypes CC, TT and CT were 48 (24%), 15 (7.5%) and 137 (68.5%) in patient group and 50 (31.85% %), 7 (4.46%) and 100 (63.69 %) in control group respectively. According to results, there was no significant association between case and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is no significant association between DRD4 rs1800955 polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children from Northwest of Iran.


The Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP‐L3) has been used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The analytical sensitivity of a conventional method for AFP‐L3% is not sufficient in patients with a low AFP level. This study was performed to determine the clinical utility of a newly developed highly sensitive AFP‐L3% (hs‐AFP‐L3%) assay in patients with an AFP level <20 ng/mL. In the cohort study, serum samples obtained from 270 patients with newly diagnosed HCC before treatment and 396 patients with chronic liver disease at Ogaki Municipal Hospital, in both of which the AFP level was <20 ng/mL, were measured for conventional AFP‐L3% (c‐AFP‐L3%), hs‐AFP‐L3% and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of hs‐AFP‐L3% at a cut‐off level of 5% were 41.5% and 85.1%, respectively, significantly increasing the sensitivity from 7.0% for c‐AFP‐L3%. Multivariate analysis identified hs‐AFP‐L3% as an independent factor associated with reduced long‐term survival. The survival rate of patients with high hs‐AFP‐L3% (≥5%) before treatment was significantly poorer than that of patients with low hs‐AFP‐L3% (<5%) (P < 0.001). In patients with AFP <20 ng/mL, measurements of AFP‐L3% by the highly sensitive method before treatment were more useful for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC than by the conventional method. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1025–1031)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of biofilms and packaging to increase post-harvest conservation of Tahiti acid lime. The experimental design wa...


Objective To explore the application of pulmonary surfactant(PS) in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and its influence on mechanical ventilation.Methods A total of 96 cases of premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome were divided into the therapy group and the control group according to the usage status of pulmonary surfactant.Data including gestational age,weight,mechanical ventilation mode and so on were retrospectively collected.Parameters such as arterial blood gas analysis results,parameters of mechanical ventilation,hospital stay,complications and mortality were assessed.Results Clinical symptoms,signs,arterial blood gas changes(PH,PaO2,PaCO2) and parameters of ventilator(MAP,PIP,PEEP,FiO2) were assessed 24 hours after treatment.The outcomes were compared between the two groups(P0.05).The application ratio of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) was higher in the therapy group than in the control group(P0.01).The application ratio of invasive mechanical ventilation required tracheal cannula was significantly lower in the therapy group than in the control group.The fractional concentration of inspired oxygen(FiO2),positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP),peak inspiratory pressure(PIP),respiration rate,and mean airway pressure(MAP) were remarkably higher at 6,24,48 hours remarkably in the therapy group than in the control group(P0.05).The outcomes of hospital stay,complications and mortality were all lower in the therapy group than in the control group(P0.01).Conclusion The application of pulmonary surfactant in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome can rapidly improve the ventilation and significantly reduce the need for mechanical ventilation.It can also reduce the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay.


A survey of the toxicity of sediments was performed by NOAA's National Status and Trends (NSandT) Program throughout the Hudson-Raritan Estuary. The objectives of the survey were to determine the spatial patterns of toxicity, the spatial scales (magnitude) of toxicity, the severity (frequency) of toxicity, and the relationships among measures of toxicity and chemical substances in the sediments. This survey was conducted as a part of a nationwide program supported by NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program and the NSandT Program, in which the biological effects of toxicants are determined in selected estuaries and bays. The survey was conducted in two phases: 117 samples were collected throughout the entire estuary during 1991 (Phase 1) and an additional 57 samples were collected in Newark Bay and vicinity during 1993 (Phase 2). Relatively sensitive toxicity tests were performed under controlled laboratory conditions with portions of each sample. During Phase 1, three independent tests were performed: (1) a 10-day, acute survival test of solid-phase sediments with the amphipod Ampelisca abdita; (2) a 48-hour liquid phase test of elutriates with the embryos of the bivalve Mulinia lateralis in which both percent survival and normal embryological development were recorded; and (3) a 15-minute microbial bioluminescence test (Microtoxtm) of organic solvent extracts. Only the amphipod tests were performed on the samples collected during Phase 2. Chemical analyses of selected samples were performed and the concentrations of trace elements, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides and other hydrocarbons were reported. Also, during Phase 2 the concentrations of numerous chlorinated dioxins and furans were determined.


The complexes {(μ-bptz)[Cu(dppf)]2}(BF4)2 [(1)(BF4)2] [bptz = 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene] and {(μ-bpztz)[Cu(dppf)]2}(PF6)2 [(2)(PF6)2] [bpztz = 3,6-bis(2-pyrazinyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine] contain two redox-active heterodinuclear FeIICuI moieties, bridged by a redox-active ligand. A crystal structure determination of (1)(BF4)2·2CH2Cl2 confirms the non-reduced aromatic nature of the bridge, in contrast to previous results on dicopper(I) complexes of bptz. Facile one-electron reduction produces the radical complexes {(μ-bptz)[Cu(dppf)]2}+ (1+) and {(μ-bpztz)[Cu(dppf)]2}+ (2+), which could be isolated [as (1)(BF4)] and studied by variable frequency EPR to provide hyperfine (9.5 GHz) and g anisotropy information (285 GHz). Cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry indicate a reversible two-electron oxidation of the well separated (ca. 13.4 A) ferrocene termini.


When administered intermittently, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a potent anabolic agent in both human and animal bone. To improve our understanding of this anabolic effect, we have examined the time course of PTH action in an established animal model of estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss: the ovariectomized rat. Animals were ovariectomized (Ovx) and allowed to lose bone for 6 weeks. A dose of 20 μg/kg/d of rat PTH (1–34) was administered s.c., 6 days each week for periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed for evaluation of skeletal histomorphometry of the proximal tibia and mechanical strength of the cancellous bone in the marrow cavity of the distal femur. Cancellous bone volume (Cn‐BV/TV) increased gradually over 8 weeks of treatment (16.8 ± 1.6 to 24.1 ± 2.7%) as did the bone formation rate (0.308 ± 0.054 to 1.659 ± 0.293 μm3/μm2/d), as determined by an increase in both total mineralization surface (15.5 ± 2.1 to 42.7 ± 5.0%) and mineral apposition rate (1.88 ± 0.20 to 3.55 ± 0.39 μm/d). The largest increments in these variables reflecting bone formation occurred over the first week of treatment. This bone formation was accompanied by an increase in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (55.3 ± 3.4 to 80.5 ± 5.0 μm) without a corresponding increment in trabecular number (Tb.N) (3.65 ± 0.17 to 3.55 ± 0.26). Extensive tetracycline labels were visualized on the surface of trabecular rod‐like and plate‐like structures. A small transient, though not statistically significant, increase occurred in both eroded surface and urinary pyridinoline concentration immediately after the onset of PTH administration. Osteocalcin showed a small decrement in the first two weeks after PTH administration, but the levels were elevated when compared with the Ovx control in later weeks. Mechanical strength of the cancellous bone also increased significantly with PTH treatment (20.5 ± 2.4 to 46.1 ± 10.0 Newtons). Our results showed that: 1) intermittent PTH treatment of Ovx rats elicited an immediate increase of bone formation activity by the existing osteoblasts, 2) the increase of Cn‐BV/TV after PTH administration resulted primarily from an increase in Tb.Th, and 3) improved mechanical strength after PTH treatment can be achieved by increases in Tb.Th without an increase in Tb.N.


It is quite likely that my own philosophical career owes more to Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 than to any particular book on philosophy. In the pages of this book I experienced, with burning delight, the contrast between a life open to questioning and wonder, and one in which every ounce of humanity has been smothered by the stultifying power of dull entertainment. The book revealed, in vertiginous narrative, the dangers of conformity, of a deep ignorance concealed by an overabundance of facts, of highly manipulated media, of a purely technical education, of a purely permissive education, of forgetting about history, instant gratification, and replacing buttons with zippers. It also anticipated the now ubiquitous headphones, megascreens and camera drones.


A mechanical model on the stress-strain behaviour of normally consolidated cohesive soil is presented in this paper based upon the experimental results. Theoretical equations are derived based on the theory of elastoplasticity. Time effect is not taken into consideration. In the analysis, strain increment is divided into two components, i.e., elastic and plastic ones. The plastic component in strain increment is further divided into two components termed here as η-component and p-component. These components of plastic strain increment occur due to effective stress increments in the directions of constant mean effective principal stress and constant stress ratio, respectively. Corresponding to two components of plastic strain increment, two sets of plastic potential, yield function and hardening function are proposed, and nonassociated flow rule is formulated. The strain increments due to the effective stress increments in various directions are calculated by this theory.The model thus obtained for the stress-strain behaviour of soil reasonably explains the dependency of the direction of plastic strain increment on that of effective stress increment. This model is applied to the analyses of triaxial drained shear tests along various stress paths and satisfactory result is obtained. The stress-strain behaviour by this model is compared with those obtained by theories by Roscoe et al. (1963, 1968) and Calladine (1971).Discussion on the stress-strain behaviour of soil predicted by these theories including the author's one is given.


This paper presents selected features of a human factors oriented plan for a Space Station Freedom (SSF) ground Discipline Operations Center (DOC) that is integrated with other work areas used by multidisciplinary life scientists. This combined facility is referred to as an integrated DOC or IDOC. This plan is based upon the assumption that there will be a constantly changing array of specialized equipment and procedures used by life sciences principal investigators (PI) on the ground which must be linked to SSF through various DOC systems. Other sites will also be able to communicate with SSF (Anon., 1992). It is also assumed that cost reduction will be a major design consideration and that one integrated structure will be less expensive to build and operate than two separate ones. Since both the DOC personnel and PIS will need to communicate with the flight crew aboard SSF, the general interconnect architecture of the PIS' communication linkage is considered here. Key human factor design elements of this plan include: a candidate facility layout which accommodates three (3), multipurpose, rapidly reconfigurable work areas (suites) and consequent user traffic flow considerations, a multimedia telecommunications support capability, functional (human) traffic flow, optimized internal illumination and acoustics requirements, selected volumetric and safety requirements, and other architectural design parameters.


Abstract : This report reviews various approaches to optical pyrometry for remotely measuring heated surfaces in the range 1500 K to 3000 K. The conclusion is that the monochromatic technique has least intrinsic error. It also discusses the polarization of radiant energy from a heated surface. On the basis of these studies a feasibility breadboard instrument was constructed which can sequentially measure up to five heated surfaces through fiber-optic light pipes. The design and performance of the instrument under laboratory conditions are discussed. (Author)


Power system dynamic simulation programs serve as valuable design and analysis tools to study the re- sponse of the system to various system conditions and events. Due to the increasing use of wide-area measurement & con- trol (WAM & C) systems, need for a dynamic simulation tool with additional capabilities to simulate protective relays, wide-area measurement & control and the associated com- munication network is felt. One such prototype program has been developed which includes these features in the dy- namic simulation program. This novel simulation tool facil- itates easy simulation of various communication and wide- area control schemes. It can be used to determine the per- formance of wide-area control schemes for real-time con- trol, and the feasibility of a communication network for such schemes can also be observed. Unlike local relays, wide-area measurement & control schemes involve data communica- tion from various substations to the control center. Such data communication networks were simulated using user- supplied values of measurement delay, signal propagation delay and data concentrator throughput to determine the net delay associated with the communication of a measurement or control signal. Results demonstrating the capabilities of this dynamic simulation tool are presented.


The roles of paramagnetic and diamagnetic pair-breaking effects in superconductivity in the electric-field-induced surface metallic state are studied using the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation when magnetic fields are applied parallel to the surface. The multigap states of the subbands are related to the depth dependence and the magnetic field dependence of the superconductivity. In the Fermi-energy density of states and the spin density, subband contributions successively appear from higher-level subbands with increasing magnetic fields. The characteristic magnetic field dependence may be a key feature to identify the multigap structure of the surface superconductivity.


The popular 19th century expression, "the sun never sets on the British Empire" (Wilson), encapsulates the established association of the sun with the reach of empire and with the mission of British imperialism. This mission included "images that show the natives being freed from despotic rule, raised from their ignorance, and saved from cruel and barbarous practices. These vignettes tell of the civilizing mission, which is primarily a story about the colonizing culture as an emissary of light" (Sharpe 100). The story of imperialism thus tells the story of "the colonizing culture" representing and bringing "civilizing" light to the "natives." As Gayatri Spivak reminds us, "imperialism, understood as England's social mission, was a crucial part of the cultural representation of England to the English. The role of literature in the production of cultural representation should not be ignored" (Spivak 269). This story of British imperialism, then, not only instructs the colonized but also instructs the English, justifying imperialism and contributing to the shape of English national identity and narrative formation. (2) The Waves, widely regarded as one of Virginia Woolf's most experimental texts, attends to national identity as well as textual experimentation. Specifically, the nine interludes, often neglected in criticism on The Waves, are deeply concerned with the politics of empire which "resonate through the interludes.... their images replay[ing] ruling-class expectations of mastery and fears of turbaned, armed warriors assaulting their shores" (Scott 31). In their essential function, the interludes of The Waves show the movement of the sun from rising in the east to setting in the west, fixing and moving the reader's gaze from the east, a site of expansion and empire-making, to the west, the site of the British homeland. (3) Here I refute Jane Marcus's germinal argument that The Waves "emphatically dramatizes the very historical moment in which the sun does set" (155). In fact, the light of empire is not extinguished by any means. (4) Instead, the interludes reveal how, like their ongoing solar and oceanic cycles, the imperial impulse continues--and, at this moment of anxiety about the future of the empire, specifically continues in the homeland as well as in the colonies. (5) Imperial colonization enacts violence ideologically by reducing its subject to an object and by placing it within the realm of the Other. Imperial colonization enacts violence materially by subjecting that subject/object to the position of the Other through physical and political domination (see footnote two). Considering these effects of objectification, the colonized space and the feminized space operate comparably, then, in the ideology of imperialism which requires that each occupies the place of the Other in opposition to the dominant (colonizing and/or patriarchal) force of empire. Thus, in The Waves, it is not surprising to find the incorporation of feminine images in the representation of the colonized. What is surprising is the use of feminine images to also represent the imperial project itself. It is these two intertwined depictions of the feminine within imperialism--the subjugation of the feminine as it is relegated to the status of the colonized and the utilization of the feminine to further the cause of imperialism--that I propose to unravel in this essay and that I argue the interludes of The Waves also seek to expose and resolve. As I explore at length in the first section of this essay, The Waves utilizes the imagery of the sun to demonstrate the effects on representations of the feminine, here used to denote the companion to the monolithic term "patriarchy," in both the imperial project in general (in its use of images and bodies of women to promote and extend the empire) and colonization in particular (in its inhabitation of feminized spaces). As the sun of the interludes, at first metaphorized as a lamp borne aloft by a woman, comes to invade feminized spaces in the novel, the feminized subjects, be they women's bodies or the domestic space of the home, become objectified through the aggression of the sun which, I argue, essentially operates as an imperialistic and patriarchal figure in the interludes. …


Trace elements were measured in the aerosol plume produced by lava‐seawater interactions along the shoreline of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Plume concentrations were normalized relative to Hawaiian basalt composition and showed a linear log‐log co‐variation with their emanation coefficient (an indicator of element volatility). Normalized aerosol concentrations also consistently covaried with corresponding normalized concentrations in dilute fumarolic gas from Kilauea volcano and fumarolic gas condensates from Kudryavy and Merapi volcanoes, despite different mechanisms of element volatilization. Conservatively estimated regional ocean deposition rates of Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe and P were >50 times background rates. Thus, upper ocean volcanism may be an important source of both toxic and nutrient elements to the surrounding ocean. It appears unlikely, however, that shallow ocean volcanism can exert a significant impact on the global ecosystem, even during massive lava emplacements.


In order to assist researchers in relevance in using scientific articles, an automati c ailored multi summarization (TMPS) is proposed. In this paper, we extend Teufel 's tailored summary to deal with multi information needs . Our TMPS extracts Rhetorical Document Profile each paper and presents a Plan Language (BPLAN ) is introduced as a formalization of Teufel's buil ding plan and used to represent representation of user information n BPLAN for improving the readability of extractive shows that the average performance of RDP extractio n m dule is 94.46%, which promises high quality of extracts for summary compo siti n. Ge evaluation shows that our BPLAN is flexible enough in composing various forms of summary. Subjective evaluation provides ev id nce that surface repair operators can improve the resulting summary


We establish some new properties of the Dunkl-Wiener amalgam spaces defined on the real line. These results allow us to obtain the boundedness of Dunkl-type fractional integral and fractional maximal operators in the Dunkl-Fofana spaces.


This study aims to determine the percentage reduction in iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) content in well water using carbon from cocoa peel as an adsorption media with media height variation. The results of this study indicate that well water sample contains iron (Fe2+) levels of 1.39 mg/L and manganese (Mn2+) of 0.76 mg/L. After filtration with 60 minutes contact using carbon of cocoa peel as an adsorption media without activation, iron content and manganese content in well water decreased. The percentage reduction of iron (Fe2+) content in media height 70 cm, 80 cm and 90 cm were 76.98%, 84.17% and 98.21%. Meanwhile, the percentage in manganese (Mn2+) content at 70 cm media height was 98,93% and archived an optimum reduction at 80 cm and 90 cm media height which is  99.79% with 60 minute contact time.


Potential of community participation and non‐timber forest species in forest restoration has been widely discussed but rarely demonstrated through long‐term empirical studies. An attempt was made to restore the communal forest in temperate Indian Himalaya by mixed planting of multipurpose broad‐leaved trees, bamboo, and medicinal herbs chosen by local people based on pooled indigenous and scientific knowledge. Funding was terminated after 7 years, while people–researcher interactions and monitoring of the restored forest and competing land uses/economic activities continued. People viewed co‐occurrence of gregarious flowering induced mortality of bamboo and excessive crop/beehive damage by wildlife in the 10th year as a setback. Further, they envisioned threats to intact forest from mounting timber demand. As a common mitigation measure, they planted in gaps fast‐growing and nitrogen‐fixing Alnus nepalensis excluded in the initial treatment for harboring pests, yielding inferior products, and its negative association with medicinal herbs/bamboo. After 20 years, transplanted trees/bamboos were over two times taller than the naturally regenerated ones. The plantation had 75% of belowground and 17% of aboveground carbon stocks and 39% of flowering plant species in intact forest and was economically more efficient than intact forest and farms. People did not expand the trial because of its ineffectiveness in mitigating new problems and satisfying new aspirations. Agricultural abandonment nullified restoration‐mediated carbon sequestration. There is a need of translating ecological concepts underlying cost‐effective restoration into practices and of policies supporting participatory long‐term adaptive forest restoration and its synergy with other economic activities in cultural landscapes.


The aim of this paper is to provide a robust observer design using a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) technique along with the analysis and comparison of the interval observer and set-membership approaches within the state estimation framework. The propagation of the uncertainty is taken into account considering a zonotopic-set representation. Both approaches are compared and related using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). Finally, a simulation example based on a three-tank system is employed to both illustrate and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


role of project financing in enhancing, or undermining, sustainable development has come under increased scrutiny in recent years, prompting borrowers to address the environmental and social impact of their activities. Project financing accounts for some of the largest and most capital-intensive developments in international finance, such as new mining projects, fossil fuel-fired power plants, major transportation projects, and hydroelectric dams. The environmental and social impacts of such projects are sometimes highly controversial among governments, developers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The Equator Principles (Principles) represent the efforts of more than twenty of the world's largest and most well-known financial institutions to establish a minimum standard for environmental and social impacts. See www.equator-princ iples.com. If these institutions faithfully apply the Principles, their decision to apply such standards could have significant implications, particularly in the context of oil and gas exploration and production, utilities, hydroelectric facilities, timber, agriculture, and mining projects in the developing world. Adopters of the Equator Principles pledge to apply extensive environmental and social impact assessment to project loans with a total capital cost of $50 million or more, globally, across all industry sectors. As an initial matter, under Equator Principle (EP) 1, signatory banks must categorize projects based on the environmental and social screening criteria of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). As is the case in World Bank-assisted projects, projects subject to the Principles would be placed into one of three categories (A, indicating high risk; B, indicating medium risk; or C, indicating low risk) depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the proposed project, and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental and social impacts. EP 1. Category A is for projects considered likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented (a category that would include almost any new, major project, such as a power plant, transportation project, mine, or forestry project exceeding $50 million in scope). Projects


Abstract Denote a m ( n )=∑ n 1 … n m = n ;  n 1 , …,  n m ⩾2  1 to be the number of ordered factorizations of an integer n into m factors. We are concerned with the local distribution A ( x ,  m )= ∑ n ⩽ x a m ( n ). A recent work of Hwang studied A ( x ,  m ) by using two methods: the analytic method and saddle-point method. Hwang then concluded a simple asymptotic formula for m = o ((log  x ) 2/3 ). We prove here that the analytic method is in fact sufficient to yield this formula, and moreover, give some refinements.


The present invention relates to a helicopter having a main rotor (1) having at least two blades (10, 20), each blade (10, 20) being provided with a fastening means (11, 21) to a hub ( 2) of the rotor (1). This helicopter is provided with a lift element (12, 22) per blade (10, 20), said lift element being provided with a tilting flap (19, 29), each lift element (12, 22) being mechanically linked to a single blade (10, 20) for varying the pitch of said single blade (10, 20).


Drug regulation and pricing have put strong pressure on the cost-benefit ratio of the innovative pharmaceutical industry. Therefore a study has been conducted in fourteen large and medium sized companies to determine some important organisational and managerial factors influencing success in pharmaceutical innovation. The study consists of structured interviews with Research Directors and questionnaires, submitted to the heads of the different research departments. The following conclusions are tentatively drawn. Firstly, the data suggest that a threshold investment of approximately $150-200 million is needed to maintain the innovative potential. Above approximately $750 million, 'economies of scale' seem to appear in pharmaceutical innovation. Secondly, an incremental strategy aimed at reducing the duration of the development process seems to be more successful than a radical strategy which lays more emphasis on discovery. Thirdly, pure play pharmaceuticals seem to be more successful than the pharmaceutical divisions of conglomerates. Management control, especially the way in which reorganisations are performed, is assessed more positively in pure play pharmaceuticals. Fourthly, the greater emphasis on human resources management in Anglo-American companies, in comparison to continental European companies, seems to be an important explanatory factor for their greater success on the pharmaceutical market.


Currently the advancement of technology every day offers the possibility of improving the living conditions either at work or at home, The Home Automation refers to the implementation of various systems that can integrate with each other in order to create safer spaces, savers and comfortable. In countries like the U.S., Japan and some European Community, these trends are becoming more frequent, however, in countries like Colombia are unknown some of their real benefits and is almost always associated with luxury service and high cost. According to the development of the project can demonstrate the feasibility of building automated homes without incurring high costs for implementation of such solutions


Training load monitoring provides information about the physical requirements of the sport in which the athlete competes. Coaching staff should use this information to make decisions about the periodization and planning of the training process to optimize performance and prevent injuries. The following review presents the current state of knowledge on monitoring of external and internal loads in basketball. The purpose of the study is to examine the current experience, content and specifics of training load monitoring in basketball in terms of its applicability to player qualifications, the methodology used, the type of data recorded, and the relationship with performance and injury. Materials and methods of the study. To solve the set purpose of the research we used the following methods: analysis and generalization of data of the special scientific and methodical literature; monitoring of information resources of the Internet; method of systematization. Results. The main provisions of modern monitoring of influence of a load on high-class basketball players as a single system of a peculiar management of adaptation processes of their organism are defined. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches the tendencies of formation of the modern system of research of load on an organism of high-class basketball players and methods and technologies of their use for the prevention of occurrence of occupational diseases and injuries are allocated.


Beraprost sodium (BPS) is a stable, orally active prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analog with antiplatelet and vasodilating properties. It has been reported that PGI2 has pleiotropic effects that are anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between PGI2 and renal anemia. We conducted a prospective randomized trial including 20 hemodialysis patients. Ten patients were assigned to be treated with 120 µg/day of BPS and the other patients were assigned to a control group. After six months, the titer of hemoglobin had significantly increased in the BPS group compared to the baseline (11.1 ± 0.3 g/dL vs. 10.3 ± 1.4 g/dL, respectively), and there was a significant difference between the BPS group and the control group. The level of ferritin was lower in the BPS group compared to the control group, but the average dose of erythropoietin did not significantly change. These findings suggest that BPS may improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients.


A t-spanner of an undirected, unweighted graph G is a spanning subgraph S of G with the added property that for every pair of vertices inG, the distance between them in S is at most t times the distance between them in G. We are interested in finding a sparsest t-spanner. In the general setting, this problem is known to be NP-hard for all t ≥ 2. For t ≥ 5, the problem remains NP-hard for planar graphs, whereas for t ∈ {2, 3, 4}, the complexity of this problem on planar graphs is still unknown. In this paper we present a polynomial time approximation scheme for the problem of finding a sparsest 2-spanner of a 4-connected planar triangulation.


This paper reports a new simulation method using software based millimeter-wave test bed that has been developed to emulate a wide range of millimeter-wave communication concepts in the hardware-in-the-loop-simulations and to evaluate an advanced signal processing algorithm for the high speed communication. The system description of the test bed architecture and the implementation of a millimeter-wave transceiver of 38 and 60 GHz are presented. To evaluate the test bed performance, the BERs and the constellations are measured.


We analyzed monthly averages and standard deviations of NRCS observed by the TRMM PR over three years from January 1998 to December 2000. It is found out that the standard deviation of NRCS takes the minimum values of about 1.3 dB for incidence angles about 5o. Scatter plots of the wind speed observed by TMI versus NRCS by PR were calculated for various incidence angles. Positive and negative correlations between wind speeds observed by TMI and NRCS by PR were found clearly for larger (more than 15o) and smaller (less than 3o) incidence angles, respectively.


Granules containing a gel breaker are used in a well treatment involving the use of a gelled fluid. The gran ules exhibit delayed release of the breaker to permit placement of the gelled fluid into the subterranean for 13 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets (75) Inventors: Lee A. McDougall; Fati 4,202,795 5/1980 Malekahmadi; Dennis Williams, all of 4,506,734 3/1985 Houston, Tex. 4,738,897 4/1988 73) Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents Inc., : A2. Linden, N.J. 5, 10,486 5/1992 (21) Appl. No.: 784,532 22 Filed: Oct. 29, 1991 51) Int. Cl. ............................................ E21B 43/267 57 52 U.S. C. .................................... 166/300; 166/278; 166/308; 252/8.551 58) Field of Search ............ 166/276, 278, 300, 305.1, 166/308; 252/8.551 56) References Cited mation. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,030,215 4/1962 Veatch et al. ........................ 50/33