August 27 th , 2015) ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is simulating the crack propagation in steel structures with isogeometry analysis (IGA). In this method, CAD model is integrated into the CAE model by using non uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS) function. Crack propagation in isotroptic linear elastic material will be presented. The numerical example is a rectangular plate assumed to be plane strain condition with an edge crack under uniform shear loading. The obtained results are investigated and compared with analytical method and reference solutions. Very good agreements on the solutions are found. It is showed that isogometry analysis is better than standard finite element method in modeling and simulating. Consequently, isogometry analysis is an effective numerical method in future, especially when


With the continuous construction of expressways in China, the timely process of traffic incidents has been increasingly valued to avoid heavy traffic and secondary incidents. To timely eliminate the terrible influence of incidents, the indirect incident detection method is designed and presented based on the actual data of the segment from the Lingdian interchange to the Tangwang interchange hub of the Jinan-Guangzhou expressway in this paper. Firstly, the existing data from diverse detection systems are collected and integrated into a unified format. Then, an actual-data-based simulation experiment is achieved to offer the required information to the indirect incident detection method through VISSIM. On this basis, a series of parameters are constructed to identify the mutation of traffic operation from multi-dimension. Finally, the indirect incident detection method is trained to recognize the mutation of traffic and classify the normal scene and incident scene with LightGBM. Compared to KNN, RF, and SVM, the LightGBM has an excellent performance on incident identification, with a 98.6% accuracy, a 100% precision, an 88.9% recall, and a 94.1% F1 score.


The function of any protein is intimately connected with both its structure, and changes in that structure. Visualizing the motions a protein undergoes during structural and functional changes, assists in understanding the functional capabilities of the protein. We have previously (SIGGraph 2006) proposed MoFlow, as a visualization tool for conveying molecular motion in fashion more informative to the end bio/life-sciences researcher, than was possible with previous state-of-the-art tools. When deployed, it became immediately obvious that MoFlow not only enhanced understanding for the users, but enabled them to ask questions about the motions that were previously unapproachable in canonical representations. With the ability to more intuitively understand concerted molecular motion, users immediately wanted to compare molecular trajectories, to identify regions of similarity and difference amongst families of motion, and to visualize the qualitative and quantitative comparisons. In this work we present the results of our preliminary work at addressing these new research topics.


This experimental study explored how online disruptive advertisements affect users' information processing, feelings of intrusiveness, and news site's credibility. Unlike earlier studies, our results did not show that disruptive ads significantly interfere with viewers' cognitive processing, measured as comprehension of news content. However, this study confirms previous findings that disruptive ads are perceived as intrusive and annoying, creating negativity on the affect level. Results also indicate an intriguing trend with respect to the impact of disruptive ads on credibility of news Web sites. If ad content is suspected to co-opt with news production, media credibility suffers.


This research focuses on childcare support services and policies such as service hour extensions, 24-hour service operations, and childcare services for holidays as a means to support balanced life between work and family for working mothers and to develop plans to improve its service quality. In many years, the Korean government has been trying to respond to increases in dual-income families and diversified employment types, and among those efforts are service programs such as the service hour extension, 24-hour service operations, and childcare service for holidays. While more and more parents tend to prefer a wider application of customized childcare services, it fails to fully meet these needs yet. In this situation, women's career breaks (M-curve) and difficulties in raising children continue to be shared among working mothers. According to the results of this study, the customized childcare services are privileged mostly by dual-income families and single parent households, and help them manage work life and childcare to a great extent. However, some operational issues need to be addressed, for example, that larger amount of personnel expenses should be supported to hire more childcare teachers and safety control for infants and also for teachers be reinforced. There is also a need to ensure end user-oriented service quality. In the study, based on the results of survey, FGIs, and case studies, it suggests to improve customized childcare support services as running a hub center for childcare that provides customized services, restructuring the current system fit into real-user centered service, and updating operation guidelines for service hour extension, around-the-clock services, and childcare for holidays.


The flow inside the centrifugal compressor stage,equipped with VIGV,was investigated with commercial software NUMECA in order to meet the requirements of mass flow regulation performance.Results indicate that comparing with the original guide vane,the power consumption and efficiency of the compressor stage with modified VIGV show little change,but the mass flow regulation range can be expanded;The regulation capability of curved VIGV is higher than straight VIGV,and the bigger the curvature of VIGV,the larger the regulation range is.Appropriate profile of VIGV can reduce the mass flow effectively and such save the running cost in the operation of the centrifugal compressor.


Original abstract, additional data in poster Objectives: The Parkinson's Progression marker initiative (PPMI) is a multicenter, international, longitudinal study evaluating clinical, biochemical, and imaging measures of Parkinson's disease(PD) progression. Features of PPMI include; 1) incorporation of dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT to confirm the presence or absence of a DAT deficit for enrolled PD and healthy volunteers, respectively, 2) rigorous standardized acquisition protocols, and 3) central core lab reconstruction of raw projection data for subsequent uniform analyses. The objective of this study is to report baseline quantitative SPECT data in PD and healthy volunteers. Methods: In this on-going study, baseline 123-I Ioflupane SPECT scans from 20 imaging centers included 146 parkinson's subjects, 109 healthy controls, and 8 subjects without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) initially recruited as potential parkinson's subjects. Data were centrally reconstructed, attenuation corrected, and analyzed with a standardized volume of interest template for extraction of regional count densities in the left and right caudate and putamen. Striatal binding ratios (SBR) were calculated using the occipital lobe reference region. Average SBRs, lowest putamenal SBR, left-right percent asymmetry, and caudate:putamen ratios were determined and compared across the three cohorts. Results: PD, healthy volunteers (HV), and SWEDD subjects had a mean age of 61.7±9.7 y, 58.4 ±12.5 y, and 62.2 ± 12.4 y, respectively. PD subjects had an average disease duration of 8.2 ± 7.8 months and total UPDRS score of 32.7 ± 12.6. Mean average SBR were lower in PD (1.0 ± 0.3) than healthy volunteers (1.7 ± 0.4). Both left-right asymmetry indices and caudate:putamen ratios were higher in PD vs HV. SWEDDs were indistinguishable from HV on all quantitative SBR measures. Linear regression of SBR as function of age in HV showed reduction of 5.0% /decade. Conclusions: Quantitative DAT SPECT imaging data acquired at baseline in PD and healthy volunteers demonstrate expected cohort differences in this multicenter trial with values consistent with previously reported single center 123-I Ioflupane SPECT studies. Longitudinal data are pending. INTRODUCTION  PPMI is an observational multi-center study to assess progression of clinical features, imaging and biologic biomarkers in Parkinson's patients and healthy controls  PPMI is a five-year natural history study of de novo idiopathic PD patients and healthy controls  Subjects are assessed at baseline and every 3-6 months thereafter – Clinical assessments: motor, neuropsychiatric and cognitive – Imaging assessment (dopamine transporter imaging, MRI) – Biologics collected: blood, CSF, urine and DNA  Clinical, imaging and biological data and samples collected under standardized protocols and analyzed, stored at core facilities, and made available to the investigator community  Screening dopamine transporter imaging is required to be abnormal in all PD subjects and normal in controls  Biological samples will be used for verification of promising biomarkers.


Background Impulse oscillometry (IOS) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are sensitive and non-invasive methods to measure airway resistance and inflammation, although there are limited population-based studies using IOS and FeNO to predict asthma control. Objective This study aimed to investigate the utility of IOS and FeNO for assessing childhood asthma control in terms of small airway dysfunction and airway inflammation. Methods This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 5,018 school children (aged 6–12 years), including 560 asthmatic children and 140 normal participants. FeNO, spirometry, IOS, bronchial dilation test, total IgE, and childhood asthma control test (C-ACT) were measured. FeNO, IOS, spirometry, and C-ACT results were correlated with childhood asthma with and without control. Results Uncontrolled asthmatic children had abnormal FeNO, IOS, and spirometric values compared with control subjects (P < 0.05). IOS parameters with R5, R5-R20, X5, Ax, △R5, and FeNO can predict lower C-ACT scales by the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) (0.616, 0.625, 0.609, 0.622, 0.625, and 0.714). A combination of FeNO (>20 ppb) with IOS measure significantly increased the specificity for predicting uncontrolled asthma patients compared with FeNO alone (P < 0.01). A multiple regression model showed that small airway parameter (R5-R20) was the strongest risk factor [OR (95% CI): 87.26 (7.67–993.31)] for uncontrolled asthma patients. Poor control with lower C-ACT scales correlated with high FeNO (r = −0.394), R5 (r = −0.106), and R5-R20 (r = −0.129) in asthmatic children (P < 0.05). Conclusion A combined use of FeNO and IOS measurements strongly predicts childhood asthma with or without control.


On 1 September 2009, as part of a new node-based market implementation, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas transitioned from its then-prevalent data modeling processes to a new network model management system (NMMS) for model data management. This change represented the culmination of nearly four and a half years of planning and development. The NMMS provided several improvements over the then-current data maintenance processes. This paper describes some of the existing issues facing the power industry in the area of power system model data management and explains how solutions to these issues were addressed conceptually in the development of and incorporated into the final design of the NMMS. Further, this paper explains how these concepts of design and usability are now gaining wider recognition and acceptance from the industry.


Densification of nanostructured ZnO–ZnS core–shell powder was carried out by spark plasma sintering to produce a bulk ZnO–ZnS composite. By adjusting the sintering temperature, we could fabricate a bulk ZnO–ZnS composite without destroying the original core–shell structure of the powder. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructural properties of the core–shell powder and its sintering behaviour. During spark plasma sintering, phase transition from a sphalerite to a wurtzite structure was observed in the ZnS shell and the crystallographic orientation of the ZnS shell was affected by the ZnO core.


In a passage of summation like that from near the end of the Timoleon—see ch. 4—Plutarch lyrically depicts the peace brought to Italy (no less) by the early king of Rome Numa. The language rises; the imagery can be compared with poetic depictions of peace and prosperity. The passage can be compared, on either side, with the more down-to-earth depiction in Dionysius of Halicarnassus and with the extravagant adventures in imagery of a passage in Plutarch's De Fortuna Romanorum. The philosophical implications of the passage in the Life are made clear, particularly through connection with Plato's Republic.


Symmetry-simplex Designs in five elements for eight datum of cement′s Quality, draw up Response surface with poly nomial expression for mixture, made a mathematical model with the control and optimization of Quatity-cost. The small test of profitable for optimat solution decide upon plan of optimi Zation by Quatity-cost in production for cement.


To improve the quality of patient care, continuing medical education must be oriented to the individual physician's practice and must be related to his particular interests and needs. All physicians are interested in learning when they have a need to know and when they are able to get help on their own terms. They want to become more efficient in their practices as well as to learn how to practice better. We know very little about the practical educational needs of the practicing physician and there are few instruments available to assist us or him in diagnosing his needs. Even if he manages to diagnose his own needs, few opportunities exist for him to express them. It is also true that on their own, individuals tend not to express precisely what they need, but rather their interests. A first step, therefore, would seem to be to engage physicians in a


The use of Balanced Scorecards to measure the attainment of strategic objectives has been used for a number of years in industry (Kaplan and Norton, Harvard Business School). Only recently has this analysis been extended to educational and other service organizations. Even more recently has software been available to map and measure the attainment of these objectives.


In this paper we study the space of organisation models that are reachable via model transformation in our Sonar-framework. The space of organisation models is defined as a Petri net, where each reachable marking represents one Sonar-organisation model and each transitions represent a model transformation.


The energetic efficiency of an overdamped Brownian particle in a sawtooth potential in the presence of time asymmetric forcing is studied in the adiabatic limit. An error made in earlier work on the same problem in the literature is corrected. We find that asymmetry in the potential together with temporal asymmetry in the forcing leads to much enhanced efficiency without fine-tuning of the parameters. The origin of this is traced to the suppression of the backward current. We also present a comparative study of the roles of continuous and discontinuous ratchet forces as regards these measurable quantities. We find that the thermal fluctuations can optimize the energy transduction, the range of parameters, however, being very small. This ratchet model also displays current reversals on tuning of parameters even in the adiabatic regime. The possible relationships between the nature of the currents, entropy production and input energy are also addressed.


In this retrospective study, based on recent studies reporting the superiority of sublobar resection to lobectomy for peripheral small size non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated the optimal pathological factors for predicting noninvasive cancer and the selection of operative procedure.


Economic loss from Rhizoctonia bare patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8, was estimated in two 50-ha fields on a single farm. A winter wheat crop was managed as a conventionally cultivated 2-year wheat/fallow rotation and a spring barley crop was managed as a no-till annual crop. Aerial photographs revealed that patch-affected area was nearly double in barley (17%) compared to wheat (9%). Yield inside patches was reduced by 73% and 68% for wheat and barley, respectively. Grain produced on each field was reduced more for winter wheat (21.6 mt, valued at US$5,080) than spring barley (16.8 mt, valued at US$2,784). More precise estimates of economic damage and more robust management practices for Rhizoctonia bare patch must be developed.


Bachelor thesis within Business Administration
Title: Behavioral Finance – The Student Perspective
Authors: Kamran Sairafi, Karl Selleby, Thom Stahl
Tutor: Urban Osterlund
Date: 2008-05-30
Backgrou ...


I began this book with two main aims: first, to counter deflationary and primitivist movements to re-assert the importance of the metaphysics of truth; and, second, to develop a distinctively pluralist account of the metaphysics of truth. With regard to the first aim, I hope to have shown that there is no presumptive advantage to being a deflationist or a primitivist, and to have loosened the hold that these views tend to have on discussions of truth. Moreover, I have noted that successfully defending these views would require overcoming some significant explanatory challenges. In identifying these challenges, I hope to have demonstrated that the metaphysics of truth is a topic worthy of discussion, and that there are interesting and important issues to consider in studying it....


Weddings and funerals are treated as an important part of villages public space. Based on the study of the weddings and funerals of the Han people at Zhongyi village, the present study focuses the causes of Han group's existing relationship nets as well as their future expansion and the impact they recieve from market economy. It is concluded that such causes and impacts always affect the social interaction among the Han villagers, producing a dialectical function on the reproduction of relationship. The local weddings and funerals, playing a unique role, interpret the process of development and transition of rural public space. Cares to such folk ceremonies and life-based organizations can draw useful tips for rural modernization construction.


Effects of bcc and hcp intermediate layers between a bcc–Cr80Ti20 underlayer and a hcp–CoCrPtTa magnetic layer on magnetic and recording characteristics were investigated. The medium without an intermediate layer has a low coercivity Hc of 0.27 kOe due to the perpendicular orientation of the c axis of the CoCrPtTa layer. By introducing a 5-nm-thick intermediate layer of bcc–Cr60Mo40 or hcp–Co70Cr30, the c axis of the CoCrPtTa layer can be effectively in-plane oriented, resulting in a high Hc of 2.71–2.87 kOe and a coercive squareness S* of 0.72–0.81. The medium with the Cr60Mo40 layer has lower media noise than the medium with the Co70Cr30 layer. This lower noise is considered to be caused by the small grain size of 10.4 nm. The addition of the thin Cr60Mo40 intermediate layer is therefore effective to obtain both high Hc and low noise in the CoCrPtTa media with the CrTi underlayer.


Based on the method of BP neural network,a foundation settlement of BP neural network prediction model was established for a railway subgrade in HeFei area China. In the model, the previous field monitoring data was used as the training sample and the later settlement was predicted. The model was used for four test sections of the railway subgrade. The results showed that for the four test section, the predicted settlement in our model were consistent with the later field monitoring value; At the same time,this model was used to predict the settlement from October 2012 to June 2012 for the four test section, which showed the forecast growth rate of four test section settlement were less than 5%. What is to say, the settlement in October 2012 could be as the final settlement value for the four test sections. I t also showed that the BP neural network prediction model can predict the final settlement of railway foundation commendably,which provided a reliable reference for railway design, construction,operation management and later maintenance.


The present work aims to reflect the course taken during the classes of the discipline Special Topics in Education, School and Society: Development, Nature and Society in the Brazilian Semiarid, making a synthesis of the itinerary covered in this discipline. This reflection runs through the ideas of development at first, differentiating it from mere economic growth. Following, comments are made on the development strategies adopted in the Brazilian semi-arid by governmental action, which throughout history have given greater importance to assistance and emergency measures, being enhanced with practices based on technical studies, but without closer approximation with practices and wishes of the local population. Finally, we consider new development paradigms, also known as endogenous development, which foresee the collective participation as primordial in the development of effective actions to promote the improvement of the quality of life of society as a whole. Under this new paradigm, underdevelopment in the semiarid northeast is not only seen as a matter of the region's physical peculiarities, specifically drought or low rainfall, but structural factors that restrict access to land, water and income, keeping domination and privileges in the hands of an oligarchic elite.


Experimental research on thiourea leaching of gold was carried out on a refractory gold concentrate which contains chalcopyrite,investigating the effects of dosage and concentrate of thiourea,ferric ion and leaching time on gold leaching.When the ration of liquid to solid is 4∶1,pH value is 1 and leaching time is 8h under the usual temperature,the leaching rate of gold is improved from 57.14% to 91%.During the course the leaching rate of copper is less than 2.5%,which has little influence on gold recovery and the following copper recovery.


In this study we have observed the seasonal spore dynamics of 15 species of AM fungi prevalent in (cv. SPF-213) sugarcane fields in and around District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan through out the growing season. Maximum number of spores per 10g sample soil was recorded for G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum and G. monosporum towards the end of growth period. However the pattern for highest values of propagule number in rhizosphere soil was variable for rest of the species. Maximum spore abundance for G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum and G. monosporum was noticed at the time of crop harvest. However figures close to the peak values were observed even during the growth period. The presence of 2 Gigispora spp. (Gi. nigra and Gi. minuta,) was recorded only in February. Lowest propagule number for G. mosseae, G. monosporum and G. fasciculatum was in October, September and November respectively. The difference between highest and lowest spore densities was statistically significant for G. mosseae and G. monosporum and Gi. nigra and Gi. minuta, at 5% level and insignificant for G. fascicultum and G. mosseae. There was a positive correlation between average number of spores and average percentage frequency of G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum and G. monosporum, while this relationship was not apparent for rest of the species. In interspecific interactions it was observed that in a particular sample higher number of propagules of one species was associated with significantly lower values of spore number of some other species. In order to assess the AM colonization of sugarcane plants in relation to Red Rot, 4 categories of plants for disease incidence were identified as healthy, partially diseased, diseased and severely diseased. A significant change in pattern of AM colonization was recorded. Percentage frequencies of arbuscules, vesicles and intra-matricle mycelium exhibited a gradual increase from slightly diseased to severely diseased. Various AM structures showed a significant variation with the passage of time in the extent of infection. Alongwith AM and pathogenic fungi, Dark septate endophytic fungi were also observed in 80% of the samples particularly in the severely diseased specimen. Heavy colonization suggest a significant role of these fungi as biocontrol agent


The continuously increased aspiration level of customers and the growing saturation of the markets are the main drivers for the development of customer individual products. In this context, the determination which of the product components shall be individualized by the customer represents a major challenge for the product development. In order to meet these challenges, the "Design for Open Innovation (DfOI) Methodology" will be presented in this extended abstract and shall support the product developer during the definition of an area of individualization within already existing products. Therefore, a five phase methodology is proposed. Each phase contains several work steps which follow sequentially. The level of detail for describing the single work steps of the DfOI Methodology has been deliberately kept low in order to focus the conceptual framework of the methodology.


Feature selection is one of the key processes in pattern recognition.The accuracy and generalization capability of classifier are affected by the result of feature selection directly.Firstly,the framework of feature selection algorithm is analyzed.Then feature selection algorithm is classified and analyzed from two points which are searching strategy and evaluation criterion.Finally,the problem is given to solve real-world applications by analyzing infection factors in the feature selection technology.


Leading Project-Oriented Enterprises have long understood the value of cross-functional collaboration on contracts. However, few companies have embraced collaboration and shared competences between Business Development and Program/Project Management. This paper highlights why such collaboration is essential, discusses key obstacles and opportunities, identifies important competences targeted for program/project managers, and suggests the strategic value to both Business Development and Program/Project Management. The paper also reports on work by the Business Development Institute International (BD-Institute) and the American Society for the Advancement of Project Management (IPMA-USA) to better define the role of program and project managers in Business Development and to identify relevant Business Development competences to be added to the Program/Project Management International and National Competence Baselines. Competences shared between these two professions will benefit small and large corporations around the world by helping them win more bids and better deliver what is promised under contract.


When two comparable herds of cattle were kept continuously in adjoining paddocks, frequent acaricidal treatment was necessary to control ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) ). Thereafter, one of the two herds was grazed alternately in its own and an adjacent paddock, the intervals between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unoccupied paddock had died. Tick infestations on this herd were greatly reduced, and less frequent use of acaricides was necessary. The herd remaining in the continuously stocked pasture continued to need acaricidal treatment for recurring tick infestation. In a field trial with 350–400 cattle moved a t intervals to each of three formerly heavily infested paddocks, tick infestations remained very light, although the herd was dipped only In January, September, and the following January. A control herd on continuously stocked pasture, treated at the owner's discretion, required eight dippings in this period. This procedure of "pasture spelling" seems likely to be widely applicable in central Queensland.


With the introduction of the Inframetrics InfraCAM, a new standard is established for small, lightweight, low power, hand- held, high sensitivity, high resolution thermal imaging systems. A unique design approach to video processing as well as the compact and efficient Inframetrics patented Sterling cycle microcooler allow the unit to require less than 5 watts of power during operation. The unit is smaller than most commercially available `palm-corders' with both the sensor and processing electronics housed in the same package. This paper reviews both the architecture and performance of our 256 X 256 platinum silicide array based imager.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of business risks on ROA in The National Sharia Bank Of Foreign Exchange, using independent variables are FDR, IPR, NPF, APB, PDN, DP, REO and also analyze the effect of significant and partial effect on Return On Assets (ROA).The sample used in this study is the Bank Muamalat, Bank Panin Dubai Syariah, Bank BRI Syariah, Bank Syariah Mandiri. The data used is secondary data and sample collection technique purposive sampling and multiple linear regression analysis using the F test and t test. Using the study period from the first quarter of 2013 until the fourth quarter of 2017.Result from this study is that the FDR, IPR, NPF, APB, PDN, DP, REO have a significant on ROA. FDR and APB has a unsignificant negative effect, NPF and REO has a significant negative effect, and IPR, PDN, DP has a significant positive effect. Of the seven variables and that have the most dominant effect is variable DP on The National Sharia Bank Of Foreign Exchange.
Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, Market Risk, Operational Risk


This study examined how parents and adolescents talk about sex with each other and how that influences their anxiety and avoidance tendencies. When parents were receptive, informal, and composed during the conversations, their adolescents were less anxious and, in turn, were less avoidant. The child's perception of the parent's communication competence also predicted the child's anxiety, which influenced the child's avoidance. The quality of the relationship between the parent and the child also influenced how anxious and avoidant the child was during the conversation. Qualitative findings revealed that religiosity, the gender of the child, humor, peer groups, the parent's use of fear appeals, and whether the parent and child had an enmeshed relationship affected the nature of the conversations.


An exact solution is given for the partial differential equation ytt=[1+eyx]αyxx, which describes the standing vibrations of a finite, continuous, and nonlinear string. The nonlinearity studied, [1 + eyx]α, was motivated by the work of Fermi, Pasta, and Ulam (1955), where they reported on numerical studies of the ``equipartition of energy'' in nonlinear systems. To obtain the solution, the above equation is transformed into a linear equation by inverting the roles of the dependent (u = yx and v = yt) and independent (x and t) variables. Riemann's method of integration is applied to the problem and the solutions for t and x are written as integrals. The nature of the ``inverse Riemann plane,'' how it is related to the initial conditions, and how one unfolds it, are discussed in detail. A general procedure is described for reinverting the solution, so that y can be written as a function of x and t. It is illustrated to order e for the above problem. It is demonstrated that yxx becomes singular, that is, yx ...


The launch of Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines( the following as guide)-the 3rd Edition in 2010 has produced a great effect on the surgical treatment of gastric cancer. The treatment of gastric cancer is more standardized,rationalized and normalized. In recent years, new research results made "guide" revised and reedited. In the new "guide" of the 4th Edition 2014, seven major problems were revised on the basis of the previous "guide". New evidence and standardswere introduced(the definition of gastric operation was updated; temporary provisions and flow chart were enacted for the lymph node dissection when the size of esogastric junction adenocarcinoma is smaller than 4cm; laparoscopic distalgastrectomy was considered to be the conventional treatment for stage I gastric cancer; the relevant standards under gastroscope therapy; the recommended degree of chemotherapy; the recommended scheme and flow chart forHER2-negative and HER2-positive gastric carcinoma; therelevant provisions of the operation, chemotherapy and follow-up for gastric cancer of stage M1). The "guide"- the 4 th edition has acquired the latest scientific achievements,which makes the basic principles for the treatment of gastriccancer and the concept more scientific and accurate. It will provide important guidance for the future clinical practice.


Microstructure characteristics of loess is an effective way to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of soil under different conditions. Water content in sample of Q3 loess is about 25% ,which was first subjected to X-Ray test to determine the main chemical components in loess and calculated the proportion in the sample. Test analysis shows the particle structure of the loess belonged to the granular structure type. CT scanning tests were performed on the sample before and after wetting. The changes of total number of pores, the maximum pore volume and the position of the centroid of pore of the sample were analyzed before and after wetting. The results shows that the soluble salts of loess have been dissolved after wetting.The volume of the pores of loess have been changed. Some increased, some decreased and others closed in volume. The change of the number of pores indicates that the sample formed obvious saturated zone, transition zone, conduction zone and humid zones after wetting. These results reveals the deformation characteristics and mechanism of Q3 loess microstructure.


The aim of ethnic local knowledge service is in concord with the principles of the new socialist countryside construction,which provides a new idea on the new socialist countryside construction in ethnic areas.This paper analyzes the new socialist countryside construction on the perspective of the ethnic local knowledge service.Some new service models of library were proposed in the paper.


Solid-state nanopores can be used to detect nucleic acid structures at the single molecule level. E-beam has been used to fabricate nanopores in silcon nitride and silicon dioxide membranes, but the pore formation kinetics, and hence its final structure remain poorly understood. With the aid of high-resolution TEM imaging as well as TEM tomography we examine the effect of the SiN material properties on the nanopore structure. In particular, we study the dependence of membrane thickness on nanopore contraction rate for different initial pore sizes. We explain nanopore formation kinetics as a balance of two opposite processes: a) material sputtering, and b) surface tension induced shrinking.


The chop length produced by forage harvesting systems is an important factor in many aspects of silage production. The only reliable method being tedious hand measurement of every particle in a sample of chopped material. Three oscillating particle length classifiers have been developed. Each of them differed from one another in their stroke patterns. The three different drive-mechanisms produce three screen motions: Linear motion, Under-arc motion and Gyratory motion. Effects of the stroke patterns on forage particle size separation is studied by using identical screen boxes. A procedure for calculating forage particle size is defined. The size of the particles are reported in terms of geometric mean length and geometric standard deviation by weight. The particle size determined is used to evaluate forage harvesting machine and to define forage characteristics with regards to animal feeding trials.


The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) injection system consists of twenty 20 keV start-up, and twenty-four 80 keV sustaining neutral beam source modules. The neutral beam modules are mounted in four clusters equally spaced around the waist of the vacuum vessel which contains the superconducting magnets. A module is defined here as an assembly consisting of a beam source and the interfacing components between that beam source and the vacuum chamber. Six major interfacing components are the subject of this paper. They are the magnetic shield, the neutralizer duct, the isolation valve, mounting gimbals, aiming bellows and actuators.


The steady growth of e-learning around the world is inspiring many educational and business institutions to adopt the same. In order to benefit from e-learning, educational institutes should first conduct investigation to assess the learners' readiness. This paper analyses a small scale readiness evaluation case study for three groups of learners of a Saudi Arabian university. Statistical analysis and data mining tools have been used to find correlations among the technical ability, learning ability, time management ability and preferred mode of study of these learners. Our investigation shows that majority (73%) of the students still prefer classroom teaching to individual study.


The early growth stages of sputtered (S) vs evaporated (E) Ag/mica and Ag/NaCl films have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The observed maximum density of the islands at thicknesses less than 20 A is slightly higher for S films, although the order of magnitude is the same (∼1011/cm2) for both the S and E films. Electrostatic charges carried by the S atoms and the point defects caused by the penetration of the energetic S atoms could account for the observed higher S‐island density.As the film thickness increases, the S‐island density at 25°C decreases rapidly to reach a constant value before the film becomes continuous. The corresponding E‐island density decreases slowly. The higher mobility, as indicated by the rate of change of the island density, and the observed epitaxial growth of the S films at a temperature considerably lower than that obtained for E films, are attributed to the higher kinetic energy of the S atoms. The E‐island density decreases rapidly as...


Plant chitinases (EC 22.214.171.124) are pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and are well studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the genomic organization and expression of chitinase genes in strawberries (Fragaria vesca). Here, 23 FvChi genes were identified in the genome of strawberry (F. vesca) and divided into GH18 and GH19 subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. A detailed bioinformatics analysis of the FvChi genes was performed, including gene physicochemical properties, chromosomal location, exon–intron distribution, domain arrangement, and subcellular localization. Twenty-two FvChi genes showed upregulation after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. Following the exogenous application of SA, FvChi-3, 4, and 5 showed significant changes in expression. The ectopic expression of FvChi-14 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased resistance to C. higginsianum via controlling the SA and JA signaling pathway genes (AtPR1, AtICS1, AtPDF1.2, and AtLOX3). The FvChi-14 protein location was predicted in the cell wall or extracellular matrix. We speculate that FvChi-14 is involved in disease resistance by regulating the SA and JA signaling pathways. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for the functional studies of FvChi genes and new candidates for strawberry stress resistance breeding programs.


This article describes a complex measurement and simulation based characterization method of high current IGBT modules. The method begins with thermal transient tests aimed at the investigation of the thermal behavior of the module and the creation of a thermal map of the heat conduction path using structure functions. This information can later be used for different purposes, such as the calibration of a detailed thermal simulation model of the system or as a reference for later power cycling reliability tests. During this test the degradation of the die attach layer as a result of power cycles is tracked as it is indicated by the structure functions. In the article we demonstrate the steps of this method with a detailed case-study.


'Information overload... ' The endless reconstruction of a war crime, J. W. Honig The NIOD-report on Srebrenica chose to ignore the pressing nature of the questions that the massacre had given rise to in the Netherlands and that led to launch of the investigation in 1996. The political and social relevance of the investigation was compromised by the excessive time it took to deliver the report (five-and-a-half years) and its bulk (6600 pages) whose accessibility was further marred by the chronological structure and narrative approach. But even if one accepts the rapporteurs' stated intent that they merely wanted to produce 'an academic monograph' then the work has serious shortcomings. A consideration of the explanation of the massacre reveals a careless use of primary sources, a continual failure to distinguish clearly the wood for the trees and conclusions that are not properly supported by often confusing and contradictory arguments. Most critically, though the report aims to provide 'analytical explanatory judgements', these often fall short. The final conclusions regarding the key question of the main motives behind the massacre therefore not only fail to convince, but the way in which they are arrived at casts serious doubts as to the academic quality and validity of the report as a whole.


New Zealand has an AAA (accurate, authoritative and assured) digital cadastral system, based on a modern geodetic system and supporting a digital land registration system. Landowners in New Zealand have a high level of confidence in cadastral boundaries. Despite these achievements, it is clear that the current cadastral system will not be optimal for the next 10 - 20 years. The rapid development of positioning and geospatial technology, together with increasing expectations of the general public to be involved and well informed, mean that changes will be required. A cadastral strategy has been developed to prepare for changes over the next 10 - 20 years. This matches the visionary date of 2034 which has been proposed for an update of the FIG Cadastre 2014 strategy. The New Zealand strategy proposes a number of significant changes to the cadastre. These include broadening the scope of the cadastral system to cover the boundaries and extents of all rights restrictions and responsibilities in land and real property, and making information readily consumable by the general public. This will require the cadastre to be fully three dimensional (3D) as well as responsive to changes over time, so that cadastral information matches the four dimensional world in which people live.


It is well known that in fractional-slot concentrated windings the eddy-current losses in the permanent magnets can be relevant and, for this reason, they must be evaluated in the machine design procedure. The paper investigates the influence of the rotor back-iron resistivity on the rotor eddy-current losses in this machine typology. In particular, a external rotor annulus shape PM machine with fractional-slot non-overlapping concentrated windings is considered. The machine is a scaled representative prototype of starters/generators embedded in aircraft engines. Both the rotor back-iron and permanent magnet eddy-currents are simultaneously considered by means of bi-dimensional transient FEM simulations, including effects of stator slotting, rotor motion and material saturation. The analysis is conducted increasing the rotor back-iron resistivity from an ideal situation of a high-conducting material up to the opposite ideal condition of a non-conducting material. Adjusting the rotor back-iron resistivity, the space MMF harmonic components influence on the machine torque is qualitatively investigated and discussed too.


Several cross-sectional studies of children's body measurements have been made from which average growth may be inferred (Hammond, 1953a; Provis and Ellis, 1955; Clements and Pickett, 1955 and 1956 for school ages. Low, 1952; Acheson and Hewitt, 1954; Hammond, 1955; Thomson, 1956 for pre-school ages). But it is impossible to assess the significance of departures from average growth unless normal growth variability is known, and this can be ascertained only from actual differences shown by individuals between successive measuring occasions. Usually growth is studied over one year, but its consistency over longer periods can be assessed by comparing successive years' growth with each other and with that of the longer periods. The data used in this paper, collected from a number of different studies, are based on growth measurements taken over intervals of 1 to 3 years from birth to late adolescence. They consist of measurements of growth taken by the author in the following investigations:


MALAWI. The Republic ofMalawi 1966-1976: The Challenge Met. Blantyre, Malawi Information Department, 1976. 24 pp. (47) O'CONNOE, DOMINIQUE. "Malawi Trial-Beginning of the Thaw or Just Another Ploy?" In: New African Development, London, April 1977, pp. 292-297. Examines Banda's grip on Malawi and status of dissidents and political prisoner. WILLIAMSON, JESSIE. Useful Plants of Malawi. 1975. 336 pp., illus., maps.


Noise can affect images while acquired, transmitted, stored or compressed. One of the best methods for noise removal is the sparse representation algorithm (SR). The Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) is one of the meta-heuristic algorithms. This paper shows excellent results in noise reduction in the quick version of QPSO, which uses benefit of the SRs and meta-heuristic algorithms. This approach is known as FQPSO-MP, depending on the matching pursuit algorithm (MP). A proposed Dynamic-Multi-Swarm (DMS) and a pre-learned dictionary (FQPSO-MP) method saves the time of calculating the learning dictionary. These modifications contribute to important benefits of computing efficiency (productivity improvements of approximately 90% are achieved) without sacred image quality in comparison with the initial QPSO-MP technique (the bigger reduction relative to the PSNR indexes is lower than 0.58 dB and 0.019). The proposed FQPSO-MP method compared to the original QPSO-MP method after modification. The scientific results show that the FQPSO-MP algorithm is more effective and quicker without sacrificing image quality than the FQPSO-MP algorithm. The experimental results show, in comparison to state-of-the-art denoising algorithms, that both quantitative and image quality results are achieved with the suggested FQPSO-MP method.


British Columbia city continues to expand program that has led to residential collection, marketing 25000 cubic meters of compost in 1999, and an extensive backyard composting initiative.


The aim of the present study is to investigate effectiveness of the comprehensive subjective well-being program which is developed adults. This study was carried out pre-post experimental design with control and experiment groups. Comprehensive subjective well-being program was implemented on 15 female and 4 male adults who were civil servants. Their ages varied between 21 and 54 (M = 35.47; Sd = 10.47). Similarly, there were 19 adults in the control group. Their ages varied between 21 and 53 (M = 31.21; Sd = 8.46). It was chosen 20 activities to implement. The data were collected with Positive-Negative Affect Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon Sign Test and Mann-Whitney U Test. According to results, individuals in the experiment group as regards control group had higher scores at positive affection (Z = -2.53; p< 0.01), life satisfaction (Z = -3.28; p< 0.01), and also lower scores at depression (Z = -2.37; p< 0.05), state-trait anxiety (Z = -3.29; p< 0.01) and negative affection (Z = -2.42; p< 0.05). To increase adults' subjective well-being, this program might be utilized. Keyword : Positive psychology, well-being, program, adults, counselor.


In this paper we consider the structure and potential of the information refer ence system "OZhUR" designed for the automated data processing systems of scientific space vehi cles (SV). The system "OZhUR" ensures control of the extraction phase of processing with respect to a concrete SV and the exchange of data between phases. The practical application of the system "OZhUR" is exemplified in the construction of a data processing system for satellites of the "Kos mos" series. As a result of automating the operations of exchange and control, the volume of manual pre paration of data is sighificantly reduced, and there is no longer any need for individual logs which fix the status of data processing. The system "OZhUR" is included in the automated data processing system "Nauka" which is realized in language PL-l in a binary one-address system r one-state (FBS 0S) electr6nic computer. I. The Assignments and Purpose of the System "OZhUR" When obtaining data concerning scientific space experiments, /3* the information about space vehicles (SV) initially enters a ground reception point, and then is processed. The basic informational unit is the data obtained during one communication session with the SV. The number of communication sessions with one SV may amount to hundreds and thousands. Since several SV operate simultaneously, the number of sessions undergoing processing may amount to thousands. With respect to the technological-considerations, the process ing includes a specific number of phases (up to ten). Each phase is characterized by the fact that its contents remains constant for the various sessions of any given SV. On the other hand, the transmission sequence of the processing phases and their total number may change depending on the type of SV, as well as on the results obtained in the preceding processing phase [1. To complete the next processing phase, it is necessary to transmit a definite set of reference data from the preceding phase. The concrete content of these data depends on the phase in which they are being processed. Thus, in order to perform large-scale processing, a system is necessary which can carry out the following organizational and reference functions: registering the incoming sessions and the accompanying data; /4 registering the progress df processing phases; exchanging data between program phases; distributing information concerning the situation in the processing system (the number of sessions at any given phase of processing for different SV, the number of fully pro cessed sessions, etc.). Numbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text.


Voltage deviation is one of the main indicators to evaluate power quality, an important parameter to ensure the safety, stability and economic operation of the power grid. Aiming at the voltage control of Hunan Power Grid, the basic situation of voltage control in Hunan Power Grid is introduced, and the problems in voltage control on the main grid side and the distribution grid side are analyzed. Finally, according to the operating characteristics of Hunan Power Grid and the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy. Some solutions and suggestions are put forward in the aspect of voltage control in this paper.


The concept of SN which originated from Tiankou Theory and represented stability in design and product process was applied in the research of certified reference materials certification.Data processing and the choice approach of the optimal certification method of CRMs were studied. The atomic absorption spectrometry and UV-VIS spectrometry were applied to determine the concentration of copper in zinc alloy certified reference materials and the values of SN were caculated respectively.According to comparison results, the more stable and reliable analysis method was defined.


This paper studies the complexity of assembly supply chains in mass customization environment. The high product variety from mass customization increases the complexity of assembly supply chains. The paper identifies the factors causing supply chain complexity and defines a complexity measure of an assembly supply chain based on these factors and the information entropy theory. Algorithms that determine the optimal supply chain configuration are developed to minimize the supply chain complexity (without and with assembly constraints). This analytical study of supply chain complexity will generate new insights on the influence of product variety on supply chains performance in mass customization. The model and algorithms developed in this paper can assist in making decisions such as when and how to implement a modular assembly supply chain and how much variety should be economically offered.© 2008 ASME


This paper discusses the technical, legal and sociological issues that are encountered when trying to share sensitive security information across multiple management domains. In particular, it investigates the issues encountered when these management domains are in differing legal jurisdictions, and proposes a format for a Cross-Border Information Sharing Agreement (CB-ISA).


This article aims to determine whether tthe support, participation and commitment of top management; change management; and user satisfaction influence the success in information communication technology system via enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation in Indonesian-based metal-work industries. This work also determined the factors that commonly influence the success and failure of ERP implementation. The results revealed that user satisfaction, change management and top management commitment significantly influence the success of ERP


Constructionist theory of social problems has studied the role of scientists as claims-makers engaged in the definition and processing of social problems. Specially, constructionist sociologists focus on the scientific idiom as a resource for claims. However, the employ of scientific idiom does not mean broader consensus about the definition of a social problem, but it brings with it a lot of disagree. The paper deeps the interaction between science and claims-making with the analysis of a case from Neurosciences and Psychiatry research: the controversy on ADHD, a childhood mental disturb whose true is very conflicted. The paper shows as claims-making and scientific debate are the same thing, because the science is just a form of powerful rhetoric.


Observations on glass pots in plants, experiments on laboratory pots, and theoretical considerations point to the fact that the occurrence of seeds and bubbles may be prevented by the introduction of porous pot walls or by the introduction of porous fireclay rods or similar objects into the melt. The porosity of the walls must be maintained throughout the entire duration of the melting process.


The dispersed manufacturing environment entails the coordination of product, process, and supply chain (PPSC) decisions. This paper formulates PPSC coordination as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) involving product fulfillment knowledge of multiple domains. Based on a domain-based reference model, the multi-site manufacturing supply chain is constructed, considering network structures, product characteristics, decision variables, along with various constraints. A decision propagation structure (DPS) is developed based on the concept of constraint heuristic search to facilitate the exploration of solution spaces. A case study of truck manufacture in a multi-national company is presented to illustrate the framework for PPSC coordination.


(1972). What is the profession doing about education for leisure? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 49-60.


An 84-year-old man with paroxysmal AF underwent a left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion using a WATCHMAN FLX. Pre-procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed a very small LAA ostium and depth ([11.3 mm ostium × 10.8 mm depth [45°], 10.0 mm ostium ×11.9 mm depth [90°] and 11.9 mm ostium × 11.9 mm depth [135°], respectively]. The WATCHMAN FLX (20 mm) was deployed, and the post-release diameter ranged from 17.0-18.2 mm (9-15% compression) and TEE revealed a well-seated device. A sufficient LAA seal was confirmed by TEE 45-days after the WATCHMAN FLX implantation.


Software evolution is an important activity in software life cycle. The Web application is very different from traditional software in design and composition. It needs maintained more frequently. So the automatic evolution support is a critical part in Web engineering. This paper uses Markov chain to model Web users' browser behavior by statistic analysis of Web log. And transition probability is used as weight in model. By it a model of browse centrality is built. Contrasting it with static model of structure centrality we propose an algorithm based on rules about automatic evolution of Web link structure.


The calculation of pH for four main acidic salt aqueous solution is discussed in this paper. A reasonable approximate treatment is made according to reality,which simplifies the calculation.


The traffic generated by video streaming applications constitutes a large portion of the Internet traffic carried over today's networks. Video streaming demands low latency and high bandwidth. In particular, the transmission of high-quality (high-resolution) streaming video may put the network under pressure. Therefore, high-quality video traffic requires network managers to implement smart and fast routing decisions. Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides a global view and centralized control for the whole network which gives opportunities to dynamically manage networks. In this paper, we use an OpenFlow-based SDN environment and propose a dynamic routing scheme with online traffic estimation to increase the quality of high-quality video streaming and the throughput of the network. The traffic is clustered using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, high-quality video flows are identified and routed over less congested paths. The whole design is tested in the Mininet simulator. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the link utilization and reduces the amount of dropped frames as a result of excessive delay.


Residential security is important in today's society. As Taiwan will soon enter a super-aged society, there will be manpower shortages and scheduling problems in the dispatched resident guard service. Hence, how to develop a new security method and business model that uses the techniques of the Internet of Things to improve resident security is a top priority. In addition, in response to the severe global COVID-19 epidemic, residents' access to and from residential areas shall be strictly controlled, such as body temperature records and access records, in order to enhance epidemic prevention within communities. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved gated system that combines the techniques of the Internet of Things (IoT) to ensure community security. In terms of access control, a facial recognition system is designed, which integrates with the functions of body temperature measurement, RFID, and QR codes. The QR code function is mainly used to allow guests to enter residential areas. Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, the information recorded by the system can help to effectively control the contact history and body temperature of community residents. The advantages of this paper, including practicality, residential security, and integration, are explained in the experimental section.


We describe a set of non-parametric and machine learning models to forecast the proportion of 6 planned end products (PEP) that can be extracted from a forest compartment. We determine which forest crop 7 attributes are significant in predicting the product proportions (of sawlog, pallet, stake, and pulp) based on an 8 Irish dataset supplied by Coillte, the Irish state forestry company. 9 Dirichlet regression and neural networks are applied to predict the product proportions and evaluated against a 10 multi-variate multiple regression benchmark model. Based on predictive performance, the neural network 11 performs slightly better in comparison to Dirichlet regression. However assessing the model logic and taking 12 account of user interpretation, the Dirichlet regression outperforms the neural network. Both models are also 13 compared to an existing rule based model used by Coillte. The non-parametric and machine learning techniques 14 provided consistent reliable models to accurately predict the PEP proportions. The two proposed models extend 15 the versatility of non-parametric and machine learning techniques to areas such as forestry. Handling multiple dependent variables contributes to the complexity of the models. Various experimental analyses were conducted to justify the methods described in this paper. Further investigation into structured robust methods for preparing the data for analysis could enhance the model building process. More experimental trials of various NN could also be carried out by the modeller. For example, a second 381 hidden layer could be useful when trying to learn complicated target functions, particularly multimodal functions, i.e. those with multiple local maxima (peaks) and local minima (valleys).


GO Transit has been aggressively developing the ability to communicate to customers about incidents and service disruptions over the past few years. In these days of "know anything, anywhere, anytime" customers have very high and increasing expectations about being kept informed about the status of their transit service. A number of commuter rail systems are introducing straight GPS technology for service status information; however this will not fulfill the customer's needs when information is most needed such as when there is a service disruption. Technically, it is possible to provide a public feed from an existing GPS system that is being used to monitor rail service. This information is being delivered to the public at various commuter rail systems through the rail systems' website, and to waiting passenger through "next arrival" dynamic signs at stations. A frequent commuter would find the tracking of real time information to be useful as a quick verification that service is operating as scheduled. Some websites go to the extent of highlighting delayed trains in color, making it even easier to capture a service problem. However, in a severe service disruption the information that this system provides is insufficient. This is particularly true in commuter rail operations on shared corridors, when the outcome of an incident is very unpredictable. Providing customers with the information that they most value on service disruptions requires a focus on qualitative information that cannot be delivered by an automated train location-based system. This involves human intervention and an integrated approach to capturing operational information, composing content, and distributing the messages using a variety of channels. Developing an automated tool to support this is essential in the commitment to deliver service status communication and achieve customer service excellence.


Received 17 November 2004; accepted 17 November 2004; electronically published 27 January 2005. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Robert Edelman, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Rm. 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 (firstname.lastname@example.com). Potential conflict of interest: R.E. consults for Acambis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005;191:650–3 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 0022-1899/2005/19105-0002$15.00 Dengue fever (DF) is rapidly evolving into one of the world's major infectious diseases [1]. DF is an acute flavivi us infection transmitted by several species of Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue virus has 4 antigenically related serotypes: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Infection with any 1 of the 4 serotypes can produce a broad spectrum of effects, including asymptomatic infection, mild febrile illness, classic DF, and the lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Dengue virus has become impossible to eradicate and difficul to control, because of massive urbanization, overpopulation,ever-increasing regional and international travel, and failure to sustain Aedes aegypti control programs. Moreover, there is no specifi treatment for DHF/DSS. Mortality rates vary from !1% to 130%, depending on diagnostic acumen and availability of intravenous fluid and blood for treatment of the hypovolemic shock caused by massive hemorrhage and capillary plasma leak [2]. An estimated 50–100 million dengue infections and 500,000 DHF/DSS cases occur annually in the tropics, and DF is well known in North American and European travelers and military personnel [3]. In tropical areas where dengue virus is highly endemic, DHF/DSS is typically confine to children younger than age 15 years, with a mean age of 5–10 years. Dengue infection has spread progressively to most tropical countries during the past 40 years, particularly to countries in Southeast Asia, the western Pacific and Latin America [1]. To illustrate, the number of cases of DF and DHF/DSS in the Philippines has increased 700% between the 1970s and the early 1990s. In Indonesia, dengue infection was recognized in only 2 cities in 1968; by 2001, it was reported in all of the nation's provinces and in 93% of its 310 districts. DHF is the second-most-frequent cause of pediatric admissions at Jakarta's largest public hospital, after acute respiratory infections. The spread of dengue virus from cities to rural areas has impeded the diagnosis and management of DHF/DSS; this, in turn, has resulted in higher case fatality rates, which may be as high as 30% in rural areas, compared with 1% in cities. The disease now occurs throughout most months of the year and is no longer confine to the 4–6-month rainy season. Prominent media attention and the fact that DHF/DSS affects poor and rich children alike have contributed to its notoriety. Dengue epidemics cause the population to panic and to overwhelm hospitals and outpatient clinics. There is near-universal agreement among policy makers in Southeast Asian countries that a dengue vaccine is urgently needed [4]. This sense of urgency is shared by the US military and the World Health Organization [5]. A key fact driving dengue vaccine development is that a primary infection with 1 serotype may induce long-term protective immunity to reinfection with the homologous serotype but only short-term immunity, lasting several months, to heterologous serotypes [6]. Dengue differs from other hemorrhagic infections in that dengue infection is more severe in individuals who have acquired dengue antibodies either passively, from their mothers before birth, or actively, from a previous dengue infection [7–9]. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has provided an explanatory hypothesis, whereby preexisting, cross-reactive dengue virus antibodies facilitate dengue virus entry into Fc-receptor–bearing cells (e.g., macrophages), thereby increasing virus burden and disease severity [10–12]. The secondary-infection hypothesis and ADE suggest that dengue vaccines must induce protective neutralizing antibodies to all 4 serotypes simultaneously rather than sequentially, to avoid enhancement of dengue illness after subsequent infection. Also, a tetravalent vaccine will better protect travelers and troops rapidly deployed to tropical areas where several dengue virus serotypes cocirculate. For the past 20 years, live attenuated monovalent vaccine candidates, propagated and attenuated in primary and dip-


David Anderson, CEO of Ports Australia, tells correspondent Zoe Reynolds that his aim is to put ports on the public policy agenda.


The introduction of tourist friendly destination concept in the city tourism is muchneeded. It has seen as a customer-oriented concept where tourists will choose their own activities, products and spaces if it meets the experience required and demand. Accordingly, this paper discusses the formation of tourist friendly destination concept in the city tourism, through the identification of components from the stakeholder perspective in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 22 respondents has been interviewed, and the selection of respondents was based on four groups, decision-makers who involved in the planning and tourism development in Kuala Lumpur city, even the four groups should be represented in the six main sub-sector. The findings of this study have identified the tourist friendly destination is seen as a concept through the three dimensions: dimension of activities, dimension of products and dimension of spaces and these three dimensions were formed by 14 components. Accordingly, the formation of tourist friendly destination concept are welcome as it is seen connecting the increasing of international and domestic tourists to Kuala Lumpur. Even the use of the components in three dimensions is seen as significant in the development of tourist friendly destination.


The upgraded high-intensity polarized source operation and improvements in the injector chain and at RHIC have allowed higher bunch intensities and lower emittance for colliding beams in RHIC. The successful commissioning of the electron lenses resulted in operation at a higher beam-beam parameter and therefore higher luminosity. Polarization values in collisions 60-65% were achieved at high luminosity operation at beam energies of a √S =200 GeV. For the first time polarized proton-Gold, proton-Aluminum collisions were studied. XVI International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets, and Polarimetry September 14-18, 2015 Bochum, Germany


Introduction Manus I. Midlarsky Part I. The Early Bases of Democracy: 1. Democracy before Athens Kenneth A. Bollen and Pamela M. Paxton 2. Environmental influences on democracy: aridity, warfare and land inequality Manus I. Midlarsky 3. Democracy and proto-modernity: technoecological influences on the growth of political and civil rights Edward Crenshaw 4. Inequality and democracy in the anthropolitical record Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember and Bruce Russett Part II. Economic Development and Thresholds of Democracy: 5. Economic determinants of democracy Edward N. Muller 6. Informational inequality and democracy in the New World Order Miles Simpson 7. Modernization and thresholds of democracy: evidence for a common path and process Michael Coppedge 8. Markets and inequality in the transition from state socialism Victor Nee and Raymond V. Liedka Part III. Responses to Democratization: 9. Democracy and inequality: tracking welfare spending in Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea Steve Chan 10. Political regimes and industrial wages: a cross-national analysis Mark Gasiorowski 11. Social responses to neoliberal reforms in Eastern Europe in the 1990s Bela Greskovits 12. Market, state, and citizenship in new democracies Giuseppe DiPalma 13. Conclusion: paradoxes of democracy Manus I. Midlarsky.


we developed algorithms for estimating suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in highly turbid inland river waters from remote sensing reflectance measurements in the visible and near-infrared wavelength bands. The algorithms were calibrated using ground measurements of SSC and water reflectance spectra at Longchuangjiang Tributarie of the Upstream of Yangzts River. A GER 1 500 handheld spectrometer was used to acquire the reflectance spectra. Suspended sediment concentrations were measured using the standard method of water filtration. The SSC values spanned a wide range from 16 g.m-3 to 13 000 g.m-3. The median and average concentrations were about 800 and 1 900 g.m-3 respectively. The ratio of the reflectance at 800 nm and 550 nm (R800/R550) was to correlate well with SSC up to approximately 250 g.m-3. The ratio R800/R550 could be fitted to a equation. This equation could be inverted to obtain the SSC value from the measured reflectance in the green and the near-infrared bands.This inversion algorithm could not be used for waters with very high SSC,as the ratio R800/R550 remained approximately constant at high SSC.More than half of our sampling points fell into this category.In this case,we fitted the water reflectance spectra to an optical model of water reflectance with the backscattering coefficient of sediment particles at 550 nm(X550) and the absorption coefficient of dissolved organic matter at 440 nm(G440) as the fitting parameters.The suspended sediment backscattering coefficient X550 was found to vary linearly with SSC for the whole range of measured SSC values(up to 13 000 g.m-3),with a high correlation coefficient(R-squared) of 0.97.In the second inversion algorithm,X550 was first retrieved from a reflectance spectrum using the spectral fitting method.The SSC value was then calculated using the relation between SSC and X550.The first algorithm used only the reflectance at two bands and hence would be suitable for use in estimating SSC from LANDSAT or SPOT satellites with green and near-infrared bands.The second algorithm would require more spectral bands in the visible and near-infrared region in order to perform spectral fitting.However,since only two parameters(X550 and G440) were needed,it might be possible to retrieve these parameters from a limited number of bands,such as those present in LANDSAT or SPOT satellite sensors.


When Mark Davies was told at the age of 31 years that he required an abdominoperineal excision due to cancer, he sought a second opinion. He shares a lay person's view of the available—and less available—treatment options.


This paper presents our work on an experimental system for visualisation of the light load. The light load is defined as the total amount of light radiation received by all areas of a 3D scene. The emphasis of the presented system lays on outdoor architectural scenes, but indoor scenes are handled as well. The aim of the system is to visualise the light load either in a single moment or integrated during a longer time period. We have selected a hierarchical Monte Carlo radiosity method to solve the specified problem. This method was extended to handle parallel light sources and specular reflections. New "lighting" iteration was added to computation phase to consider natural light sources such as Sun and sky. The system was implemented in Java programming language using the Java3D API. Thanks to this implementation environment, our system is flexible, easy to modify and extend and it is suitable for experimental and educational purposes.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are exploiting millimeter-wave (mmWave) band for imaging applications. However, with the conventional pulse-width of few tens of microseconds the receive SAR signal experiences intra-pulse Doppler shift in mmWave band which results in severe image degradation. The recently proposed, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has shown to be resilient against the Doppler impairments. In this work, we propose a cyclic-prefix (CP)-OTFS modulation with practical pulse shaping waveforms for SAR applications. We present a novel delay-Doppler domain based pulse compression technique to mitigate the intra-pulse Doppler impairments. The traditional pulse compression techniques in SAR are known to have inter-range-cell-interference (IRCI) due to the presence of range side-lobes which leads to low resolution imaging. The proposed receiver algorithm effectively exploits the diagonalization property of factor-circulant matrix and eliminates IRCI. The receiver algorithm is shown to have a lower computational complexity vis-a-vis the state-of-the-art matched-filter OTFS radar receiver thus, making it suitable for real-time SAR applications. Finally, simulated SAR images show the effectiveness of our methodology in eliminating the distortion caused by intra-pulse Doppler shift and removal of IRCI for high resolution imaging.


Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a technology that transports voice data packets across packet-switched networks using the Internet protocol (IP). Losing packets in the network is inevitable, and losing voice packets degrades audio quality. There are many loss-recovery techniques that designers can use to mitigate the undesired effects of packet loss. Some of these loss-recovery techniques use sender-based procedures, and others use receiver-based procedures. We examine several well-known sender-based loss-recovery techniques and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of each one in real-time interactive VoIP applications. We analyze the bandwidth requirements, buffering delays, and perceptual sound qualities of these techniques. We study the effectiveness of these approaches under various packet-loss conditions, and we also compare the effectiveness of these techniques against a speech codec that has high degree of packet-loss robustness


IThis second article on the Johnson administration's policy towards the war in Vietnam, based on published American documents, covers the period from July 1965 to March 1968. Although it is now clear that the Communist forces in Vietnam encountered considerable difficulties as a result of the steadily growing commitment of US ground forces, the Americans encountered difficulties of their own: notably the problem of persuading their South Vietnamese ally to implement what they regarded as the necessary political and military policies; and the increasing criticism of the war at home. The bombing of North Vietnam was a key issue for the administration. While the president's military advisers were continually pressing for further escalation, most of the civilians were sceptical. The latter felt that the bombing was not achieving its principal objective of reducing the flow of men and supplies from North Vietnam into South Vietnam, was unpopular at home and abroad and, if increased, posed serious risks of Chinese and Russian involvement. Although the bombing was temporarily halted or restricted more than once during this period in an attempt to facilitate a negotiated settlement, nothing was achieved. On 1 November 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara's growing disillusionment with the war prompted him to send a lengthy memorandum to President Johnson arguing for the cessation of the bombing of the North and the stabilization of the American effort in the South. Rejected at the time, this policy was partially implemented as a result of the Communist Tet offensive of February 1968, when countrywide attacks were beaten back after failing to trigger the expected popular uprising against the Americans and the South Vietnamese government, while at the same time producing a surge of hostility to the war in the United States. Three men-McNamara's successor, Clark Clifford, Secretary of State Dean Rusk and White House aid Harry McPherson-were largely responsible for persuading President Johnson to accept the fact that the war could not continue on the same basis as before and that de-escalation was a better option. The president rejected the military's request for a huge increase in the number of US troops and, on 31 March 1968, announced a halt to the bombing north of the 20 th parallel and called for immediate peace talks. He also surprised the nation and his advisers by declaring that he would not run for the presidency in the election due in November 1968, preferring to concentrate on the search for peace during the remainder of his period in office.


An accelerated iterative method for a self-consistent solution of the coupled Poisson-Schrodinger equations is presented by virtue of the Anderson mixing scheme. In this proposed method, the number of iterations is remarkably reduced at the cost of slightly longer computational time at each iteration. An example of a two-dimensional double-gate MOSFET is included, in which simulations with different device profiles and transport models are accelerated.


This study used combination of ortho-phthalaldehyde(OPA) and quaternary ammonium surfactants (QAS) with different concentration to kill Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger conidia . The concentration of the combination disinfectant to kill Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was 75mg/L OPA and 30mg/L QAS within 10 min, respectively. The average killing log value was above 4 when Aspergillus niger conidia was exposed in 3.75g/L OPA and 1.50g/L QAS for one hour. Then the effects of time, temperature and organic concentration on the bactericidal effect were measured. And the metal corrosion and stability of the combination disinfectant were determined. In addition, these results showed that the combination disinfectant had a high efficiency of bacteria killing and the concentration of organic affected its bactericidal effect. The average killing log value gradually increased along with the temperature within 10°C. to 40°C. And the combination disinfectant also has the advantages of low corrosive of metal, good stability and so on.


The project involves the use of an RS232 communication between the AVR Butterfly and LPCXpresso that will control a BLDC motor. The system allows the joystick of the AVR Butterfly to control motor movements; this will be done by sending data through its UART port, it will be received by the card LPCXpresso 1769, which processes the data to determine the direction of the motor. For this project we use the AVR Butterfly card which has inside a microcontroller ATMega 169, 8 bits, that was programmed by AVR Studio 4 software and serves as a transmitter. The LPCXpresso card has inside 32-bits ARM Cortex M3 processor, which performs the function of receiver and was programmed by LPCXpresso software.


On the basis of the fasting plasma essential amino acid proportions, it has been possible to develop very rapidly two diets, No. 152 and No. 153, comparable in protein efficiency to Diet No. 116.The plasma profile concept was also found to be of use in interpreting published nutritional studies where the composition and quantity of diet consumed was reported.


Abstract Contemporary historians described mid-19th-century San Francisco as a place of high economic opportunity. A recent school, the New Western Historians, have argued that economic opportunity in San Francisco was low, especially for blue-collar workers. Using quantile regression analysis of wealth data from the 1860 Federal census manuscripts, I show that the New Western Historians are incorrect. Blue-collar Irish and English men fared better in San Francisco than men in eastern and midwestern cities. German men had a pattern of wealth holding that has not been observed elsewhere, which has implications for our view of how frontier regions were settled.


This paper presents a set of unsupervised methods based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology to obtain the position and transitions that users perform between the zones where they usually stay longer in their own homes. In particular, two different methods are studied to detect the user's position, the first based on proximity and the second based on fingerprinting techniques with self-training. The proposed methodology allows a very easy-to-use deployment by the user and with a very low economic cost. A set of experiments have been carried out to assess the performance of the proposed techniques presented in this paper, where a real user has captured data for several days at home. The results obtained show that the fingerprinting-based method is the most effective to accurately detect the user's position and the transitions performed between the different areas of interest at home.


The intrinsic time characteristics of a double-barrier parabolic well structure are studied numerically. One-dimensional structures with AlAs and AlGaAs barrier (and superlattice) material are investigated, and two models are considered: the actual microstructure (graded-superlattice) model and the parabolic-potential-well-model. Time-independent results such as quasi-energy levels and their widths are essentially the same for these two models. However, their time dependence has been found to be considerably different. Although the buildup times for these models are very close in magnitude, the onset of the exponential decay law for the resonant state in the parabolic potential well takes place in a very short time (after the electron density inside the well has reached its peak), thus allowing the time decay constant tau /sub d/ to be a good measure of the temporal decay. >


Aims and Method We describe the Balint case discussion group method and how it can be applied to training psychiatrists. In a group that we ran, the performance of members on a clinical task before and after a year in the group was investigated. Written responses to a case vignette were appraised blindly by psychotherapists who were also examiners for the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Results There were eight members in the Balint group, which met weekly for one year. We found that members' performance on the clinical task improved significantly following the year spent in the Balint group. Clinical Implications A Balint group, as part of an introduction to psychotherapy for psychiatrists, may represent a step towards achieving comprehensive training that is relevant to ordinary clinical practice.


President Xi Jinping gave the directives to investigate Zhou Yongkang and Xu Caihou, breaking the immunity of Politburo Standing Committee members and Central Military Commission leaders from anti-graft probes. Xi has consolidated the once-fragmented power to himself by heading several newly established leading small groups. He has also rolled out many socioeconomic and political reform tasks long obstructed by vested interests. Xi's full power consolidation heavily relies on his control of the People's Liberation Army.


This is the story of a book that was published in Russian in 1938. This book was not famous and successful at the time, but became rather popular on a wave of recent interest in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction as a classic example of periodical chemical and physiochemical processes. The authors developed the themes of earlier studies that were published in Germany, England, France including rhythmic structures in chemistry, mineralogy, histology and metallurgy. Some new approaches are also present in the book such as: the general theory of oscillations (Schwingungslehre), de Broglie waves. The book contains a comprehensive review of literature in the field.The volume under examination was based on publications in national and international journals and reflects informal discussion and collaboration. A small informal group arose in the course of the collaboration. The methods, content and interpretation are characteristic of the early Soviet science that hinges on the attempt to formulate global problems...


The invention discloses a DTV STB which realizes bank card service and earmark and payment methods so as to realize the bank card payment function of STB. The technical proposal is that: the DTV STB comprises: two necks, a first neck is used for DTV CA card to be inserted in, and a second neck is used for the DTV bank card to be inserted in; a bi-dielectric DTV bank card, magnetic strip medium is used for the financing service of the bank card, and IC chip medium is used for storing e-wallet information and the DTV service; a bank card service master control module, which is used for realizing bank card service; a back payment system security module which is installed in the CA card of the DTV and is used for assuring the security of bank card payment system. The invention is applied in the DTV field.


Introduction Grapevines, like most other spring-flowering perennials, commence forming their flower buds during the preceding season. Flower buds begin to develop in axils of leaf primordia of primary latent buds during late spring and summer before entering a period of dormancy. During winter these dormant buds are covered by a protective layer of hairs and enclosed within a scale. In the following season, flowers are formed during a short period spanning bud burst. The formation of inflorescence primordia (flower buds) determines the potential number of bunches that the vine will carry, while the number of flowers formed on an inflorescence primordium determines the potential number of berries that may be set on that bunch. Hence, gaining an improved understanding of the physiology of flower formation remains a pursuit of considerable economic importance as well as one of intellectual interest. Flower formation in grapevines follows three well-defined steps: • Anlagen, or uncommitted primordia, are formed in the apices of latent buds on shoots of the current season; • These specialised meristematic structures may differentiate inflorescence primordia; and, • Individual flowers are formed on inflorescence primordia (Perold 1927, Barnard 1932, Barnard and Thomas 1933).


This invention relates to a liquid container for a vehicle. The liquid container includes a first unit having a space incorporating the liquid, and the second unit attached to the first unit. It said second unit comprises a filter for filtering the liquid to be transported housing containing a pump for transferring liquid from the first unit. .FIELD 1


This study was to purpose the parenting process of working mother. This study was done at Guntur, Bener, Purworejo. Parenting process that was defned in this study was any act of working mother to give attention, time, and support which can satisfy the physychal, mental, and social need of children.. The theory used in this study was a theory about parenting and the role of mother in household. This study used a qualitative method which was case study approach. The data was collected by interview and observational techniques, and also documentation. The informants in this study were mother who work as farmer, teacher, and merchants. This study found that the children parenting planning started in the womb. There are varioust ritual of customery and religion in welcoming birth of a child. During the process of parenting, the three informants took parenting and still worked. In addition, family involvement be a contributing factor supporting the succes of talking about parenting. The three informants revealed that they did not have a lot of obstacles in parenting their children. Their obstacles were just education for their children, the demands of work and children's health conditions. It's that makes the process of working mother parenting become so interesting.


In this paper, high-performance bottom-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) channels have been developed. The ZnO film for active channels was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity of the ZnO film drastically improved when it was deposited on a doublelayer SiOx/SiNx gate insulator. In order to achieve a ZnO TFT back-plane for liquid-crystal display (LCD) with the required pattern accuracy, dry etching of the ZnO film in an Ar and CH4 chemistry has been developed. The etching rate and tapered profile of the ZnO film could be controlled by the Ar content in the etching gases of Ar and CH4. The saturation mobility (musat) of the ZnO TFT strongly depended on a gate voltage. A musat of 5.2 & cm2 .(V .s)-1 at VGS = 40 V and VDS = 10 V, and an on/off-current ratio of 2.7 x 107 were obtained. A drain-current uniformity of plusmn7% was achieved within a radius of 20 mm from the substrate center. A 1.46 -in diagonal LCD with 61 600 pixels has been driven by the ZnO-TFT back-plane. A moving picture image was available on fabricated LCD driven by the ZnO TFTs.


The main purpose of this research is to develop a model that can predict financial distress amongst public listed companies in Jakarta Stock Exchange from year 2008 until 2013. Author uses 216 companies as sample where 168 for healthy companies and 48 for distress companies. The methodology that use on this paper is using logistic regression analysis. The result proves there are four financial ratios namely: Quick Asset Turnover, Cash Flow to Assets, Total Liabilities Total Assets, and Debt Ratio that have been found to be significant and useful for corporate failure prediction in Jakarta Stock Exchange. The results show that logistic regression analysis is a more reliable technique for predict financially healthy companies than distress companies. But, overall classification results of 81 percent prove that the model can describe the financial condition of the companies.


The invention relates to a method for stabilising an aqueous formulation, comprising up to 40 % by weight of one or several surfactants and at least one organic phase chosen from organic or mineral oils/greases/waxes, the products of alchoholysis of said oils/greases/waxes, essential oils, the mono-, di- and tri- glycerides, the fatty acids, the esters of said acids and the alcohols, individually or combined. According to said method, an emulsion is introduced into the aqueous composition, the continuous phase of which is at least one silicone, the dispersed phase is the organic phase as above stabilised by at least one graft or block copolymer, one fraction of which is soluble in the dispersed phase, the other soluble in the continuous phase, whereby the fraction soluble in the continuous phase is greater than the fraction soluble in the dispersed phase.


The research is aimed to determine the importance of professional development programmes among lecturers of matriculation colleges. 46 correspondents from both genders are chosen from the Northern Zone matriculation colleges. This research has indicated that professional
development programmes are vital for lecturers to convey their knowledge to matriculation students. By getting involved in these development programmes, the lecturers will be able to enhance their expertise as well as professionalism. In this research, Pearson Corelation
Test and T-Test were used to analyse all the data. Pearson Corelation Test has indicated the close relationship between the statistics obtained and the needs of the professional development programmes for matriculation lecturers. The study involving the research subjects and
the data collected from this research complimented each other in terms of results. Finally, some recommendations are put forth to the administrators to improve the professional development programmes at Matriculation
Colleges.


A new method for designing linear phase FIR digital filter with fixed-point coefficients based on the peak-constrained least-squares criterion is proposed in this paper.The traditional multiple exchange algorithm is modified to obtain part coefficients with floating point precision when the other are fixed,and the resulted algorithm is combined with an iterative quantization procedure in which all the coefficients are quantized one by one.Design examples verify the validity of the proposed method.


Day after day, the plagiarism cases increase and become a crucial problem in the modern world, caused by the quantity of textual information available in the web and the development of communication means such as email service. This paper deals on the unveiling of two plagiarism detection systems: Firstly boosting system based on machine learning algorithm (decision tree C4.5 and K nearest neighbour) composed on three steps (text pre-processing, first detection, and second detection). Secondly using genetic algorithm based on an initial population generated from the dataset used a fitness function fixed and the reproduction rules (selection, crossover, and mutation). For their experimentation, the authors have used the benchmark pan 09 and a set of validation measures (precision, recall, f-measure, FNR, FPR, and entropy) with a variation in configuration of each system; They have compared their results with the performance of other approaches found in literature; Finally, the visualisation service was developed that provides a graphical vision of the results using two methods (3D cub and a cobweb) with the possibility to have a detailed and global view using the functionality of zooming and rotation. The authors' aims are to improve the quality of plagiarism detection systems and preservation of copyright.


This paper shows that smartphones are capable of estimating a car's speed in an overwhelming majority of situations. Comparing against OBD data as ground truth, we find that continuous GPS based estimates offer greater than 98% correlation across various road, traffic, and weather conditions. Of course, GPS is energy hungry and may only be relevant for taxi or Uber-like applications where the user can plug in their phones in the car charger. For regular drivers who are not likely to plug in their phones, we find that sensor based techniques, combined with map and/or crowd-sourced data, can achieve greater than 94% correlation. Given that smartphones can offer reliable speed estimates as well as other contextual information (e.g., SMS/email distraction, user's location, or even the hours of sleep the previous night), we believe that the smartphone platform is a superset of OBD. Further sophistication in sensor fusion and machine learning should enable detection of risky driving behavior, such as hard braking, aggressive acceleration, road accidents. Finally, given the rapid hardware and software innovation on the smartphone ecosystem, there is little doubt that it will hold centerstage in the emerging market of driving analytics.


In response to the challenge posed by escalating increases in the amount of energy needed for irrigation in developing countries, this report analyzes current energy consumption in irrigation, renewable energy technologies, and relevant food policy issues facing developing country governments. The authors find that developing groundwater supplies entails twice the energy costs of developing surface water supplies, and that the latter can be more efficiently manufactured, installed, and operated in developing countries.