- Due to population growth and rapid urbanization, there has been an enormous growth in traffic volume on highways over the last few decades. In order to ensure smooth flow of traffic, numerous new highways and flyovers are being constructed. The use of box-girders has proven to be a very efficient structural solution for highway bridges and flyovers due to its high tensional rigidity, serviceability, economy, aesthetics and the ability to efficiently distribute the eccentric vehicular live load among the webs of the box-girder. For the multi-lane bridges, multi-spine/cell box-girders are most commonly adopted in order to limit the local deformations in the top slab of box. Many studies are available on suitability of box girder bridges for various spans and effect of stresses for skewed box girder bridge. The curvilinear nature of box girder bridges along with their complex deformation patterns and stress fields have led designersto adopt approximate and conservative methods for their analyses and design. Recent literature on straight and curved box girder bridgeshas dealt with analytical formulations to better understand the behavior of these complex structural systems.It was found that researchers have used finite element method for the analysis of box girder bridge. However, not much studies are available for the design of box girder bridge.Hence, this study emphasized on the design and analysis of box girder structure.The literature also indicates that the various researchers have used ANSYS, MIDAS and Stadd-Pro for the analysis of Pre-stressed Concrete Structures using FEM. 1) Gupta et al: This paper presents a parametric study for deflections, longitudinal and transverse bending stresses and shear lag for the Rectangular, Trapezoidal and Circular cross-sections. Commercially available software SAP-2000 has been used to carry out linear analysis of these box girders. Three dimensional 4-noded shell elements have been employed for discretization of domain and to analyze the complex behavior of different box-girders. The linear analysis has been carried out for the Dead Load (Self Weight) and Live Load of IRC: 70R loading, for zero eccentricity as well as maximum eccentricity at mid-span. It was found that the rectangular section is superior to other two sections. In rectangular box girder with increase in depth of box girder the deflection decreases, but in lower proportion with the same increment of depth. Similarly with increasing the depth, the bending stress distribution along the span also decreases, but the reduction is not in same proportion with the increment in depth. Shear stress distribution across the section indicates that the value at the web flange junction was very high. As the depth increases, the shear stress reduces, but the reduction was not proportional to the increase in depth. In live load case for symmetric loading it was zero at the centre of the flange, but in eccentrically placed loading, its distribution at the centre of the flange changes in magnitude.Among rectangular, trapezoidal and circular cross section box girders for all depths, the deflection was highest in circular girder under the dead load and live load (centrally & eccentrically) cases and least in rectangular girder. Therefore it can be concluded that the rectangular section is the stiffest section among these three sections. 2) Satwik et al.: presented a comparative study of rectangular and trapezoidal concrete box girder using finite element method. In this study simply supported two lane, single cell concrete girder analyzed for dead load and IRC: class 70R live load Finite element The parameters investigated in this analytical study were shape (Rectangle and trapezoidal), span length and total depth of box girder.A total of 70 model of bridges subjected to Dead Load and IRC 70R were analyzed. In the first 35 models, rectangular Box girder Bridges are analyzed for different span length of 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m and 40m and also for different total depth of box girders 1.6m, 1.8m, 2.0m, 2.2m, 2.4m, 2.6m and 2.8m. In the second 35 models, Trapezoidal Box girder Bridges were analyzed for different span length of 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m and 40m and also for different total depth of box girders 1.6m, 1.8m, 2.0m, 2.2m, 2.4m, 2.6m and 2.8m.The maximum vertical deflection, bending moment, shear force and torsional moment are reported increase in span causes increase in maximum top flange deflection values for both rectangular and trapezoidal box girder sections, however increase in total depth of box girder causes decrease in maximum top flange deflection values for both sections. Also for span 40m and total girder depth of 1.8m, maximum top flange deflection value for rectangular section is 3.01% lower than that of trapezoidal section having similar conditions and for rectangular section of span 40m and girder depth of 1.8m, maximum deflection value was within span/800 as per Indian codal provisions. Increase in span causes increase in deflection and force values for both rectangular and trapezoidal sections, also increment of total depth of girder reduces deflection but increases force values for both sections. deflection for rectangular section, for total depth of girder to 1.8m and span of 40m the condition Span/800 IRC112:2011 trapezoidal girder box type & torsion for RCC box bridges 3-D FEM SAP for four span properties degree of to for different load & combinations toget multiplication factor for various actions like & w.r.t to bridge of straight bridge to for bridge. the in the torsion for any set of steeper bending moments, and axial carrying capacities that box is higher torsional stiffness and nonlinearly vary with of curvature. multiplication and skew angle are key factors for higher displacement ratios which may induce cracking within the concrete. Hence special care needs to be taken for the curve-skewed deck especially at the bridge end location. The acute region skewed deck to higher vertical and torsional deformation provides abrupt increase of displacement ratio along the transverse deck direction. Since high skewness in acute region arise difficulties in reinforcing of concrete, especially for orthogonal, hence special care needs to be taken for this region. a static analysis of RC box girder bridge with skew angles, 0 and 15 degrees. The bridge was modeled using finite element (FE) method using SAP2000. The results of finite element (FE) and modal analysis were presented to study the influence of skew angle on the natural frequency for the entire skewed bridge. On the other hand the structural response for the superstructure covering elemental stresses, base reaction and joint displacements were also studied. Joint reaction and base reactions are calculated for different load cases . From the analysis following points can be concluded-joint reactions are higher in case of vertical loads and least in case of parapet wall. For the varying load cases, as the skew angle increases, base reactions also increases. 7) Yongda et al: This paper reports on the use of finite element analysis to evaluate the behavior of a curved, reinforced concrete box girder bridge.. This work shows that it is necessary to include concrete softening due to both shear and flexural cracking. A three-dimensional finite element model was first developed, based on the assumption that the behavior is linear. It was found that there were large differences between the analytical strains and those measured in the experimental investigation. The finite element model was then modified to calibrate the analytical results with the experimental results. The modification was based on the major cracks and the thermal behavior.The results of this study have shown qualitatively how finite element analyses can be modified to account for major cracks in reinforced concrete box girder 1) AbrarAhmed et al : presented a comparative analysis and design of T-beam girder and box girders. The purpose of this study was to identify the suitable section for bridges of different spans. For the analysis Working Stress Method is being used for the Manual design whereas the CSI bridge for Software analysis. Cost comparison for cases was done by estimating the Concrete and Steel quantity for two different girders. Structural components are designed by selecting the trail section. It was found that the IRC 70R vehicle producing maximum effect on the sections. Cost comparison has shown that the T-beam girder is suitable for spans up to 30metre, as we go for higher spans the depth of T-beam girder increases drastically which makes it uneconomical. For lower spans the T-beam girder can be adopted which is easy to install and maintain and for higher spans the box girder is suitable and number of cells in the box girder can be increased to decrease the overall depth of the girder for higher spans .From the obtained results we can conclude that the software results are acceptable and can be adopted for the design of substructures also. For lower spans the T-beam girder can be adopted which is easy to install and maintain. 2) Thanushree et al: presented analysis of RCC and PSC bridge deck slabs for various spans. The effect of various span were studied using finite element software SAP2000 on RC bridge decks and PSC bridge decks for dead load, live load and their combination. For the study, IRC class AA vehicle load was considered. The bridge deck models were analyzed to compute longitudinal moment, transverse moment, torsional moment and longitudinal stresses. From the analysis it was found that longitudinal moment increases with increase in span for both the decks. Transverse moment for both RCC and PSC decks are almost same moment is more for 30m span. This was due to the reason that torsional moment increases with increase in span for both deck slabs. was found from the analysis that there were large differences between some internal forces and displacements for the deck an


We present results of Bragg gratings inscription in several crystalline optical weveguiding structures. Using infrared femtosecond radiation and the phase mask method, Bragg gratings were inscribed in multimode crystalline sapphire fiber, RPE lithium niobate waveguides and large area core multimode YAG fibers. It was shown that Bragg grating structures could be created in all these crystalline substrates with comparable IR- intensities. The spectral characteristics and the thermal stability of these Bragg gratings is also presented.


Single Image Super Resolution (SISR) is the task of producing a high resolution (HR) image from a given low-resolution (LR) image. It is a well researched problem with extensive commercial applications such as digital camera, video compression, medical imaging and so on. Most super resolution works focus on the features learning architecture, which can recover the texture details as close as possible. However, these works suffer from the following challenges: (1) The low-resolution (LR) training images are artificially synthesized using HR images with bicubic downsampling, which have much richer-information than real demosaic-upscaled mobile images. The mismatch between training and inference mobile data heavily blocks the improvement of practical super resolution algorithms. (2) These methods cannot effectively handle the blind distortions during super resolution in practical applications. In this work, an end-to-end novel framework, including high-to-low network and low-to-high network, is proposed to solve the above problems with dual Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). First, the above mismatch problems are well explored with the high-to-low network, where clear high-resolution image and the corresponding realistic low-resolution image pairs can be generated. Moreover, a large-scale General Mobile Super Resolution Dataset, GMSR, is proposed, which can be utilized for training or as a fair comparison benchmark for super resolution methods. Second, an effective low-to-high network (super resolution network) is proposed in the framework. Benefiting from the GMSR dataset and novel training strategies, the super resolution model can effectively handle detail recovery and denoising at the same time.


The goal of this study was to generate the first values of local diagnostic
 reference levels for a range of fluoroscopically guided cardiac diagnostic
 and therapeutic procedures in adult patients in Chile and to compare
 radiation dose levels with others presented in the literature. The
 dosimetric data collection period was conducted over the whole of 2020. The
 local diagnostic reference levels were calculated as the 75th percentile
 of patient dose data distributions for kerma area-product values. The sample
 of collected clinical procedures (480) was divided into diagnostic and
 therapeutic procedures. The kerma area-product differences found between
 diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were statistically significant. The
 local diagnostic reference levels were 81.6 Gy cm2 and 166.9 Gycm2 for
 fluoroscopically guided cardiac diagnostic and therapeutic procedures,
 respectively. A comparison of our results with results found in the
 literature for the last 10 years, showed that there are no published papers
 for hospitals in Latin America and the Caribbean. It becomes urgent to be
 able to carry out more research of this type, given that the health
 reality between countries on different continents is very different. While
 in some the establishment of diagnostic reference levels is a legal obligation, in others it is a matter of good or bad will.


A new model for multipath channel is introduced. Under this model, two constant modulus (CM) equalization approaches are derived. Compared to the normal temporal or spatial equalization techniques (adaptive beamformer), these two methods have better performance even under serious multipath conditions. Numerical simulations are also given to testify the theoretical analysis.


Date Presented 4/19/2018 A chart review of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who completed a Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG program showed positive outcomes in occupational performance and functional hand skills. These novel findings offer evidence for using this program to manage chronic symptoms of PD. Primary Author and Speaker: Barbara M. Doucet Additional Authors and Speakers: Mark Blanchard


In J-PARC linac, we have been experiencing beam losses at the beam transport line after the linac exit. There has been an argument that the longitudinal loss could be a cause of the beam loss, which motivated us to conduct an experimental investigation on the margin between the longitudinal acceptance of the linac and the actual beam distribution. In the experiment, we have introduced a "tank level scan" to measure the margin in the energy direction in addition to the conventional phase scan which has been employed to measure the margin for the phase direction. The measurement scheme and experimental results are presented in this paper.


Recoveries from recessions associated with a financial crisis tend to be sluggish. In this paper, we present evidence that stressed credit conditions are an important factor constraining the pace of recovery. In particular, using industry-level data, we find that industries relying more on external finance grow more slowly than other industries during recoveries from recessions associated with financial crises. Additional tests, based on establishment size, on alternative definitions of financial crises, and on corporate-government interest rate spreads, support the findings. Moreover, for subsets of industries where financial frictions are more severe, we find much stronger differential growth effects.


Nearly half of all cancer patients require radiation therapy. Not only do they have questions about their condition, but in addition, the process of radiation is the least understood area of medicine and makes patients feel the most vulnerable. Here, Dr Carol Kornmehl guides patients through this intimidating process, explaining each step of the therapy and the results they can expect from their treatment. Focusing on both the technical and the emotional aspects of radiotherapy, she debunks common myths while reassuring readers about this essential but often misunderstood field of medicine.


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment experience of central venous stenosis (CVS) in haemodialysis patients. Methods The clinical data of 13 haemodialysis cases of central vein stenosis admitted from July 2006 to July 2008 at Affiliated Ren Ji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among all the cases,61.54% of them had a history of catheterization with arm swelling and venous hypertension. One case was bilateral disease and others were unilateral including 2 cases of subclavian vein occlusion,2 cases of branchiocephalic vein occlusion,3 cases of branchiocephalic stenosis and 5 cases of subclavian vein stenosis. Management methods included PTA,subclavian vein-contralateral subclavian vein bypass and ligation of the access. All the cases were syptom-free. Conclusion Central venous stenosis in haemodialysis cases is accompanied with severe clinical symptoms and affected the use and the life of vascular access. Venography is the first choice for the diagnosis and the current management of CVS is far from being effective for the long term.


This study aimed to estimate the association between prenatal exposure to antidepressants and risk of epilepsy in childhood, taking maternal depression into account.


Data from the recently launched Gaia satellite in combination with data from large spectroscopic and asteroseismology surveys will allow great progress in unraveling the evolutionary history of the Milky Way disk over the next decade. Here, I briefly review the progress made with observations in the solar neighborhood in constraining the main processes involved in the formation and evolution of the Galactic disk. I then focus on recent new insights on the chemo-dynamical structure of the disk from SEGUE and APOGEE data. I conclude by summarizing the current state of knowledge and what evolutionary actors best explain the data that we have now, and by looking forward to the most informative measurements that Gaia and other surveys can make.


tion of the process can be determined as G(jw) = Y(joj)/X(jw) ( 1) Several approximate formulas are available for numerically determining X(jo)) and Y(jo)). In these formulas only some discrete data sampled from a continuous-time signal are utilized. Such sampled data can be regarded as a time series and one can efficiently determine the DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) of such a time series by use of the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm. Although the DFT is different from the CFT (Continuous Fourier Transform) which is needed for determining G(j(o), some


The thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline binary narrow-bandgap intermetallic RuGa3 and RuIn3 compounds have been investigated in the temperature range from 373 K to 973 K. These compounds exhibit semiconductor-like transport properties with large Seebeck coefficients of −560 μV/K and 280 μV/K at 373 K for RuGa3 and RuIn3, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient of RuGa3 changed rapidly from large negative to large positive values around 500 K, which is consistent with our calculation based on the full-potential-linearized-augmented-plane-wave method. In contrast, RuIn3 is a p-type material at its operating temperature. The dimensionless figures of merit ZT of pure compounds reached maximum values of 0.13 and 0.17 at about 973 K and 773 K, respectively. The potential maximum ZT value was evaluated using the Boltzmann transport equation and can exceed unity by electron- or hole-doping for both compounds. By substituting Co for Ru in RuIn3, n-type thermoelectric materials (ZTmax = 0.10 at 473 K) were o...


ABSTRACT Data obtained from an archived 9-year aging study on S5370 foam were used to develop a stress–strain aging model using a strategy that first fits separate stress–strain curve data based on a form from polymer science. Then, exploratory data analysis of the model coefficients from these separate fits was used to develop a full model. This article illustrates this strategy and demonstrates how the full model can be fit and subsequent predictions can be made.


In order to study the relationship between environmental regulation and agricultural product export,the paper carried out unit root test to the environmental pollution control intensity and agricultural product export intensity. On this basis,cointegration test and Granger test are conducted and VEC model is established. The results show that in the long run,there is a stable and positive relationship between environmental pollution control intensity and agricultural product export intensity,i. e. environmental pollution control intensity increases 0. 0001 units,and the agricultural product export intensity in Shandong province increases 0. 0297 units. In the short term,agricultural product export intensity is the Granger reason of environment pollution control intensity,not vice versa.


By presenting and analyzing an early ādāb al-baḥth commentary's illustrative dialectical sequences, the current study: (1) reveals a set of distinct strategies employed in mulāzama justification; (2) sheds light on a number of additional argument types in regular use; and (3) provides a scripted impression of how a disputation governed by the ādāb al-baḥth would, in practice, have sounded. These general patterns, impressions, and particular argument identifications, together with those of future microstudies, may, it is hoped, inform the analytical foundation for both exploring the ādāb al-baḥth's argumentative genealogy, and assessing its formative influence in "post-classical" Islamic rational disciplines.


This study addresses the output-feedback control problem for general semi-Markov jump systems with a memory-dynamic event-triggered protocol. Based on the average dwell-time strategy, a novel framework of semi-Markov process subject to a higher level deterministic switching signal is constructed, where the Markov renewal process is nonhomogeneous. Aiming at improving communication efficiency and control performance, a novel dynamic-memory event-triggered protocol is proposed, and the resulting system can be transformed into a time-delay system. By considering an asynchronous memory-based output-feedback control law, whose asynchronization can be modeled by a nonhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov model, some parameter-dependent sufficient criteria are forwarded to ensure the mean-square exponential stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the presented approach are testified by two examples.


Abstract:Market and hierarchical/organizational failures have long been the target of public policies explicitly aimed to mitigate their negative effects. However, in spite of a growing interest in policies around industrial clusters and business networks, scholarship on public efforts at remediating network failures has been ad hoc and lacking a binding theory. A central question is what strategies public agencies employ to repair network failures. We begin to answer this question by distinguishing between two distinct approaches: (1) "network construction" in which government agents actively build, re-shape, or thicken the structures of private sector networks; and (2) "network activation" in which government agents seek to alter the internal dynamics of existing private sector networks. To provide empirical support for these concepts, we provide a series of short international examples to illustrate the scope of network remediation activities as well as two in-depth cases that demonstrate how these mechanisms can work: the Canadian Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) and the specialized Mexican Lead Substitution Program.


Special software, meant for automated analysis of microscopic photos of microscopic photos of badly structured images realized in medium Matlab 7.10, is considered in the article. There has been proposed modular structure of software, meant for automated analysis of intercellular relations in peripheral blood smears. Developed software allows to carry out the processes of segmentation and classification of badly structured images on the basis of complete technological cycle for synthesis of multilevel models of neuronic networks, including processes for educational samples formation, computation of neuronic networks parameters and determination of diagnostic efficacy for decisive modules.


Suicidal behavior among young adults is a significant social and psychological problem, however, little research explores its meaning from the suicidal individual's perspective. A qualitative study identified common themes and personal meanings that characterized the experiences of young adults who had made one suicide attempt between ages 20 to 24. Six major themes identified were (a) family experience (b) adolescent interactions, (c) emotional experiences, (d) self-destructive behaviors, (e) depression, and (f) perception of control. Suicidal attempts were viewed from the perspective of a continuous process that encompassed the individual world view and experiences rather than as isolated events.


To deal with the problems existing in the research of the Agricultural Expert System,on the basis of digesting and absorbing the advanced research results home and abroad,we made some research and exploration at auto-test technology of software and developed an auto-test tool of Agricultural Expert System with reference to the present research work.This software test tool provides database test,knowledge base test,auto production of cases and maintenance and robustness test.It may do auto-test for a series of function modules(mainly include.EXE and.DLL files) developed by Object Oriented Programming and Soft Component Technology used extensively.


Background: Biologic therapies are commonly prescribed in a range of rheumatic conditions. From 2016 - 2018, a mean of 226 rheumatology outpatients at UCLH commenced biologic therapy per year for inflammatory arthritis alone1. Patient education is required prior to initiation. At UCLH this is delivered via individual appointments with specialist nurses, contributing to waiting times for nurse appointments and thus delays in starting treatment. Objectives: 1.To evaluate patient satisfaction following group education. 2.To reduce the burden on specialist nurses delivering multiple individual sessions. Methods: A once-weekly group education service was set up at UCLH. This comprised: an oral PowerPoint presentation; injection demonstration; question and answer session; and written leaflets. Patients were provided with pre- and post-session questionnaires to evaluate the service. Results: Over the first five weeks of the service, 18 patients attended group education (a median of 4 patients per session). Nine patients (50%) had previously researched the medication via internet search engines. Patients' questions prior to the session were most commonly centred on side effects and long-term risks. All of the patients (100%) felt that "most or all" of their questions were answered during the session. Patients gave their awareness of the reason for therapy a median score of 7/10 pre-education; this rose to a median of 10/10 post-education. The median score given for confidence to self-administer the drug was 5.5/10 pre-education; this rose to a median of 10/10 post-education. The median anxiety score was 3/5 pre-education; this dropped to 2/5 post-education. The presentation was adapted based on questions that arose during the sessions. Multiple patients gave informal, verbal feedback stating that they found the group environment to be beneficial, providing a chance to meet others with similar conditions, share experiences and feel reassured that they are not alone in starting biologic therapy. Conclusion: Patient feedback demonstrated that the group education sessions at UCLH were effective in improving their understanding of the rationale for biologic treatment, increasing their confidence in self-administration, and reducing anxiety. Verbal feedback illustrated that many patients enjoyed the group environment, and the opportunity to interact and share experiences with others. At an average rate of 4 patients currently being seen a week, it is estimated that this will save 192 specialist nurse appointments per year (out of an estimated 226 commencing biologic therapy). There is scope for further research into the effects that this has had on waiting times to receive education / start treatment, and on drug compliance. References: [1]Greenwood, Mandy. UCLH Rheumatology Database. UCLH, 2020. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


There is a proven potential of ultra-short laser pulses for precise cutting of all kinds of materials. Especially with regard to miniaturizations in the semiconductor industry, even industrial high-speed cutting processes nowadays aim for the precision of femtosecond laser systems. However, when working with a typical spot-focused laser beam on current standard systems, the processing speed is too low for an industrial cutting of larger parts as, for instance, silicon wafers. Apart from improving the laser systems with regard to pulse energies and repetition rates, it is therefore crucial to realize that material ablation can also be influenced by other process parameters. In case of straight microcuts e.g. in silicon wafers, a new approach is a beam shaping strategy using certain arrangements of cylindrical lenses. This can significantly contribute to an increase of the achievable cutting speed, and at the same time reduce the minimal kerf width while using the highest available laser power. We present examples of such kerfs in thin silicon wafers using a system of cylindrical lenses in comparison to a customary achromatic lens, and provide information about the focusing process and the chances and challenges entailed.


This paper presents the use of fuzzy inference methodologies in the prediction of the weather, as a viable alternative to the classical complex, costly and time-consuming weather prediction techniques. Basic weather elements which affect weather characteristics and which underlie the factors used in advanced weather prediction methods are fuzzified. They are then used in fuzzy weather prediction models based on fuzzy inferences. These models are simulated and the crisp results obtained using different existing and recently developed defuzzification strategies are compared with the actual weather data. Further, conclusive comments are provided regarding the effectiveness of the introduced models and the avenues which need to be explored in order to make them increasingly efficient.


The fluctuation spectrum of a two‐component, hot electron plasma generated by a beam‐plasma interaction in a magnetic mirror was investigated. The unstable waves were studied with specially constructed high‐frequency, impedance matched probes. Correlation studies show that the wavenumbers of the unstable modes satisfy k⊥ae∼k‖ae∼1. The observed unstable frequencies (ω∼0.7ωce) and wavenumbers are in good agreement with those predicted by half‐harmonic electrostatic instability in a two‐component electron plasma driven by the temperature anisotropy of the hot component.


Plants play a crucial role in terms of the lives of human and other creatures since the existence of the universe. Despite the studies of plant scientists, there are many undiscovered and unidentified species in our environment. This paper is aimed to add the leaves, whose images have been clearly attained, to the system and to provide a proper analysis of those leaves. The images could be either the ones taken before or the ones obtained by means of a camera that is connected transiently. Leaf images went through pretreatment phases first, and then their features were extracted. Finally, classification processing was accomplished by using K-NN algorithm. The System is working successfully.


The paper uses Ludwig Wittgenstein's theories about the relationship between thought, language, and objects of the world to explore the assumption that OO-thinking resembles natural thinking. The paper imports from research in linguistic philosophy to computer science education research. I show how UML class diagrams (i.e., an artificial context-free language) correspond to the logically perfect languages described in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. In Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein disputes his previous theories by showing that natural languages are not constructed by rules of mathematical logic, but are language games where the meaning of a word is constructed through its use in social contexts. Contradicting the claim that OO-thinking is easy to learn because of its similarity to natural thinking, I claim that OO-thinking is difficult to learn because of its differences from natural thinking. The nature of these differences is not currently well known or appreciated. I suggest how explicit attention to the nature and implications of different language games may improve the teaching and learning of OO-modeling as well as programming.


Earlier literature on tones of Chinese tends to report the tonal inventory and tone sandhi observed in a certain variety of the language. However, given that Chinese is one of the major tonal languages, a typological investigation of Chinese tones is needed to achieve a better understanding of not only the tonal systems of the Chinese varieties but also the universals of tones across languages. To understand the Mandarin tones from a typological perspective, this study examines the tonal distribution patterns in 518 tonal languages collected in PHOBLIE and compares them with the tonal distribution analyzed from a Mandarin lexicon corpus. Results of a quantitative analysis of the two corpora reveal several important typological features of the tone types and distribution of Mandarin as well as tonal languages in general: (1) Approximately 63% of the tonal languages contain 2 or 3 tone types, and about 19% of the languages, including Mandarin, contain 4 tone types, (2) Implicational relation between tone types (e.g., the existence of contour tone(s) implies the existence of level tone(s)) are observed both across tonal languages and in Mandarin. (3) The distribution pattern of 'level tone > simple contour tone > complex contour tone', which is in negative relation with tone markedness, is found across tonal languages. However, falling tone(T4) being the most frequently occurring tone type, Mandarin shows the distribution of 'simple contour tone > level tone > complex contour tone'.


Mammalian circulation is regulated by subtle mechanisms involving several neural and hormonal factors. Vasoactive peptides, including atrial natriuretic polypeptide, endothelin, and angiotensin, are especially important regulators in the cardiovascular system. To clarify the intricacies of circulation, it is important to discover still unidentified vasoactive peptides. Human adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52-amino acids peptide that was discovered in pheochromocytoma cells. Now it is well established that AM functions as a circulating hormone and local paracrine mediator with multiple biological activities. The purpose of this paper is to review the most important aspects of AM biology and perspectives of its therapeutic applications in water-electrolyte balance, hypertension and kidney disease.


With the Dongjiang River Basin as a case study,we analyzed and calculated the river regime alteration at different levels of hydraulic structure development,and discussed the accumulated effect of the hydraulic structures,by using RAV and IHA methods.The results show that the accumulated effect on the hydrological regime of the Dongjiang River has weakened,the effect on flow change frequency gradually increase,and there is no influence on delay of high/ low flow and the concerned frequency.


We examine the form of the viscous hydraulic jump th arises when a descending vertical fluid jet impacts a ri horizontal boundary. Fluid is expelled radially, and the lay generally thins until reaching a critical radius at which t layer depth increases abruptly. In our study, glycerol–wa solutions with viscosities of 10–40 cS were pumped at fl rates of 40–100 cc/s through source nozzles with diame of 4–10 mm. The fluid impacted the center of a circu glass plate of diameter 36 cm that formed the base o reservoir. The fluid then proceeded through the jump, over the edges of the reservoir, whose depth was contro by an outer wall of height 2–10 mm. FIG. 2.


Fig branch canker is a major disease in most parts of Iran, especially in Estahban (Fars province), which has the largest area of dry fig plantations in that country. In 1999–2000 a general survey was conducted in rainfed fig plantations throughout Fars province. In this survey Phomopsis cinerascens was consistently isolated from the cankers. . The fungus produced pycnidia containing α-conidia on active cankers from fall to mid spring. No β-conidia were found under natural conditions, but many isolates produced β-conidia intermixed with α-conidia in culture. Only α-conidia germinated on agar medium. The optimum temperature for growth, pycnidial formation and pycnidiospore germination was 25°C. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the fungus infected inoculated branches at 15–25°C but no infection occurred at 5°C or at 30°C or higher. Under field conditions, the pathogen infected branches from fall to mid spring, but little infection occurred in summer. The pruning wounds remained receptive to the pathogen from fall to mid spring. Pycnidiospores that over-summered on trees or on branches lying on orchard floors were not viable. Infected branches under moist conditions produced new pycnidia containing viable conidia. Mycelia are considered important for over-summering the pathogen in Fars province.


The fruit quality of six transgenic and aphid resisting Lycium barbarum L.was measured.The result indicated that the 1 000-kernel dry fruit weight,total sugar content of them increased significantly and the number and weight percent content of their seed decreased significantly compared with the control.The polysaccharide content of them decreased but not significantly in three lines.On the whole,the fruit quality of six transgenic Lycium barbarum L.has improved.


Landfilling is one of the major disposal methods for municipal solid waste (MSW) in China. Odor pollution from MSW landfills has been a social issue causing considerable public complaints. Standards related to odor pollution control are important bases of the environmental law-enforcement and management, which leads the development of related technologies, and has great significance in sustainable development. Characterization of odor emissions is the basis of establishing standards for odor pollution control in MSW landfills. There have been a large number of studies on the odor emissions in MSW landfills, and several odorants have been identified as the dominant odor contributors. In China, standards related to odor pollution control in MSW landfills, such as "Standard for pollution control on municipal solid waste landfill (GB 16889-2008)", have been established. However, there are problems and challenges for the standards. Firstly, most of the existing emission standards for odorants are universal, not specific for MSW landfills, leading to the incomplete control indexes. For example, propanethiol has been identified as a dominant odor contributor in landfills, but it is not a control index in the standards. Secondly, the lack of measurement methods for odorants with low concentrations also contributes to the incompleteness of the standards. The detection limits of existing measurement methods could be higher than the odor detection thresholds (ODTs) of odorants, resulting in the underestimation of several odorants and the lack of operability in setting emission limits. Thirdly, the odor emission data of the MSW landfill boundary and stack are insufficient, and usually limited to hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and odor concentration, which could not effectively support for establishing the emission standard for the MSW landfill. Finally, there are uncertainties in the


History and diversity Pre-industrial health care, 1500-1750 The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1848 The era of public health, 1848-1918 Chaos and crisis in healthcare, 1918-1948 Mobilization for total welfare, 1948-1974 Caring for health in the UK, 1974 to the new millenium Healthcare in the developing world, 1974-2000 International patterns of healthcare, 1960s-2000 Conclusions Abbreviations list References and further sources, including internet sites Index.


The problem of the line intensities -- oxygen abundance calibration has been considered. We confirm the idea of McGaugh (1991) that the strong oxygen lines ([OII] 3727, 3729 and [OIII] 4959, 5007) contain the necessary information for determination of accurate abundances in low-metallicity (and may be also in high-metallicity) HII regions. It has been found that the excitation parameters p3 or p2 (which are defined here as contributions of the radiation in [OIII] 4959, 5007 lines and in [OII] 3727, 3729 lines to the "total" oxygen radiation respectively) allow to take into account the variations in R23 values among HII regions with a given oxygen abundance. Based on this fact a new way of the oxygen abundance determination in HII regions has been constructed and corresponding relations between line intensities and the oxygen abundance have been derived empirically using the available oxygen abundances determined via measurement of temperature-sensitive line ratios.
In parallel a new R23 calibration has been derived on the base of recent data and compared to previous calibrations. For oxygen-rich HII regions the present R23 calibration is close to that of Edmunds and Pagel (1984): their calibration has the same slope but is shifted towards higher oxygen abundances by around 0.07 dex as compared to the present calibration.


Abstract This case depicts an 85-year-old white (non-Hispanic) male diagnosed with delirium resulting from pneumonia, hypoxia, dehydration, hypotension, and anticholinergic effects of medications.


A Cu-8 at.% Cr-4 at.% Nb (Cu-8 Cr-4 Nb) alloy is under development for hightemperature, high-heat-flux applications, such as actively cooled, hypersonic vehicle heat exchangers and rocket engine combustion chambers. Cu-8 Cr-4 Nb offers a superior combination of strength and conductivity. It has also shown exceptional low-cycle fatigue properties. Following preliminary testing (ref. 1) to determine the best processing route, a more detailed testing program was initiated to determine the creep lives and creep rates of Cu-8 Cr-4 Nb alloy specimens produced by extrusion.


We assessed the potential of tumour cell/dendritic cell fusion hybrids to generate in vitro anti‐leukaemic T‐cell responses following co‐culture with autologous remission lymphocytes in six patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Comparison was made to anti‐leukaemic responses induced by mature dendritic cells (mDC) co‐cultured with autologous, irradiated myeloid blasts. Fusion hybrids induced anti‐leukaemic T‐cell immune responses in three of six patients. Tumour‐pulsed mDC induced T‐cellular responses in two other patients. Only one of six patients remission lymphocytes failed to develop leukaemia‐directed immune responses following stimulation with either construct. Anti‐proliferative properties of fusion hybrids against allogeneic lymphocytes were observed in mixed lymphocyte‐leukaemia reactions and were found not to be specific to the cell fusion partners and did not prevent the ability of AML–mDC heterokaryons to induce autologous anti‐leukaemic cytotoxicity. We conclude that tumour cell/dendritic cell fusion hybrids hold promise as a cellular vaccine for AML.


Decision‐making institutions evident in today's small businesses display remarkable similarities to medieval feudalism. This paper presents: (1) the institutions of feudalism as applied to small business, (2) a theoretical framework as a foundation for explaining obvious parallels, and (3) propositions that furnish a basis for further research.


The value of a special enriched breakfast cereal in feeding elementary school children was studied during the school year 1943 to 1944 and again during 1944 to 1945. The children used in the investigation were among those receiving a school lunch upon the advice of a physician or nurse in the school system of which the children were a part, because they had been found to be more than 10% underweight during the fall routine medical examination. Their home dietaries were inadequate, as shown by calculations and by medical and nutritional observations on the children themselves, and the school lunches failed to compensate for the poor home food intake. The duration of the study during each school year was seven months. None of the persons making the technical evaluations knew to which experimental group individual children belonged.
 Methods of the Study
 Experimental Subjects: During each of the two years during which the study proceeded, three groups of children constituted the experimental subjects, as stated; these averaged slightly over 11 years of age, and were matched initially as to age, sex, response to the medical observations and nutrition tests, family economic status, and type of school lunch received. The children were grouped as follows in this investigation: In addition to the school lunch, Group A received the enriched cereal; Group B received a common farina of equal caloric value; and Group C received no cereal at school. Of 55 children initially in each of the three experimental groups during the first


Simple Summary This paper applies machine learning techniques to propose an objective video-based method for assessing the degree of canine ADHD-like behavior in veterinary consultation room. The method is evaluated using clinical data of dog patients in a veterinary clinic, as well as in a focus group of experts. Abstract Canine ADHD-like behavior is a behavioral problem that often compromises dogs' well-being, as well as the quality of life of their owners; early diagnosis and clinical intervention are often critical for successful treatment, which usually involves medication and/or behavioral modification. Diagnosis mainly relies on owner reports and some assessment scales, which are subject to subjectivity. This study is the first to propose an objective method for automated assessment of ADHD-like behavior based on video taken in a consultation room. We trained a machine learning classifier to differentiate between dogs clinically treated in the context of ADHD-like behavior and health control group with 81% accuracy; we then used its output to score the degree of exhibited ADHD-like behavior. In a preliminary evaluation in clinical context, in 8 out of 11 patients receiving medical treatment to treat excessive ADHD-like behavior, H-score was reduced. We further discuss the potential applications of the provided artifacts in clinical settings, based on feedback on H-score received from a focus group of four behavior experts.


ALTHOUGH only a small proportion of the nation's retail business is done annually by consumer cooperative associations-less than one per cent in 1942in some regions they are of considerable importance. One such region is the upper Great Lakes area or the cutover region of the North Central States. By far the heaviest concentration of local societies of this so-called Finnishinitiated cooperative movement is in the Lake Superior district, a broad zone characterized by mining, lumbering, second-rate agriculture and tourist trade, bordering Lake Superior in northeastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. In this sparsely populated area of which Superior, Wisconsin and Duluth, Minnesota form the trading center, the local cooperatives and the Central Cooperative Wholesale (referred to later as C.C.W.), to which some I30 societies belong, have done an increasingly greater proportion of the area's business. Almost all of the local societies in the Finnish-initiated movement began operations with inadequate capital. Some even started as buying clubs, although most of them began as store societies. The lack of adequate capital has persisted through the years for many societies and reflects not only the small supply of capital in the region but also the problem of wise and economical use of funds obtained. An earlier study pointed out that this cooperative movement is an institutional social movement, the coherence and vitality of which are influenced by major sociological factors. In general its elements of weakness spring from the uncertainties of its incomplete adaptation to the American community. It is still a marginal institution with receding roots in the Finnish workingman's culture on the one hand and with increasing solidarity in the American community on the other. Like the cooperative movement as a whole these cooperatives have tended to adjust to social change and to meet economic crises as well.' In a recent study by the author, an attempt was made to get a fair idea of the growth of all the societies which are members of the Central Cooperative Wholesale. These societies are widely diversified as to their location, age, size, membership composition, business and financial success, member relationships and leadership. However, as a group they have had considerable success.


Extractant N-butyldiacetylimide(short as BDAI) is synthesized under the condition of salt-ice,with n-butylamine and acetyl chloride as raw materials and triethylamine as catalyst.The structure is identified by NMR,MS,IR and UV.The yield is at least 86%.The extractive behaviors of Ce(Ⅳ)with BDAI from nitric acid solution are studied including the influences of acidity,concentration of LiNO_(3) and extractant,extractive temperature and diluting agent.The structure of extractive compound is Ce(NO_(3))_(4)·3BDAI.The result shows that BDAI is a promising extractantfor its good extractive and separated ability to Ce.


We propose an on-chip optical power delivery system for dielectric laser accelerators based on a fractal 'tree-branch' dielectric waveguide network. This system replaces experimentally demanding free-space manipulations of the driving laser beam with chip-integrated techniques based on precise nano-fabrication, enabling access to orders of magnitude increases in the interaction length and total energy gain for these miniature accelerators. Based on computational modeling, in the relativistic regime, our laser delivery system is estimated to provide 21 keV of energy gain over an acceleration length of 192 um with a single laser input, corresponding to a 108 MV/m acceleration gradient. The system may achieve 1 MeV of energy gain over a distance less than 1 cm by sequentially illuminating 49 identical structures. These findings are verified by detailed numerical simulation and modeling of the subcomponents and we provide a discussion of the main constraints, challenges, and relevant parameters in regards to on-chip laser coupling for dielectric laser accelerators.


This month Mycological Research News features recent work on the advance of the daisy rust Puccinia distincta in the UK, questions whether hyphae should be viewed as eusocial, draws attention to work showing that fertilization with AM-fungi may promote desirable grass species, and introduces a freely accessible index of 340 K names of fungi now available on-line. The untimely death of one of Mycological Research 's editors, David A. Wood, is also reported. Amongst topics covered by the 16 research papers in this issue are PCR-based techniques for the detection of Fusarium oxysporum and Gremmeniella abietina . Tuber dryophilum shares a specific protein with T. borchii . Toxic ephrapectins occur in Tolypocladium species; the extracellular enzymes of Trichoderma strains able to grow at 5 °C are examined; nutrients favouring oxalic acid production in Aspergillus niger have been studied; and the branching of Neurospora crassa hyphae is predictive on rapid falls in temperature. Elegant colour and ultrastructural studies on the extracellular matrix of Bipolaris sorokiniana are presented. In addition to documentation of the daisy rust spread, the life-history of Chrysomyxa woroninii is elucidated and the success of Lophodermium pinastri along an altitudinal gradient discussed. The growth of fungal partners from different lichens is compared, and cell wall polysaccharides are shown to be of taxonomic value in Fusarium and Gibberella . Systematic papers include ones on Pyrenopezia betulicola , and microfungi on Proteaceae . New scientific names introduced are: Kabatiella proteae , Lembosia proteae , Mycosphaerella stromatosa , Perennipora najenshana , Phloeosporella protearum , Pseudocercospora stromatosa , Septoria grandicipis , Stilbospora proteae , Teratosphaeria microsporum , Trimmatostroma microsporum , and T. elginense spp. nov.; and Diplotomma rivasmartinezii (syn. Buellia rivasmartinezii ) comb. nov.


An efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-alkylidene/arylidene derivatives was reported from active methylene compounds such as malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate/5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one and aldehydes in the presence of 10 mol% of L-proline (ethanol at room temperature).

All derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed from their FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), 1H-NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance), and mass spectroscopy. The importance of these compounds is predicted from their SAR (structure-activity relationship) study. Moreover, these newer compounds were further docked into various therapeutic targets of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus) virus.

Results from our molecular docking suggested that these compounds have good inhibitory properties on the SARS- CoV-2 virus.

L-proline (bifunctional organic catalyst) is found to be the best catalyst for the synthesis of different condensed products from active methylene compounds and aldehydes.


The paper presents the results of the evaluation of process of suspension plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite (HA). The suspension of HA powder is produced ba-sed on etanol and water. Coatings were plasma sprayed on titanium substrates. The coating was analyzed at varying distances and power of spray gum. To study of coatings used scanning electron microscope. Phase composition of coatings was determined on the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns. Hardness and modulus of elasticity of sprayed coatings were examined using a microindentation method.


Nonoperative treatment of fractures with a cast is an art form that is transferred to each generation of orthopaedic surgeons and, now, advanced practice professionals (physician assistants, nurse practitioners, cast technicians, and medical assistants). With newer and advanced methods and emphasis on surgical intervention, this art form is being taught less frequently and with less emphasis or, sometimes, not at all. Furthermore, many emergency departments have nonorthopaedic professionals perform the initial attempt at closed reduction of fractures before sending the patient home or scheduling the patient for surgery. In addition, the traditional and moldable plaster of Paris has been replaced with the inextensible fiberglass cast material. Fiberglass casting is more durable and less prone to pressure sites with application and comes in patient-friendly assorted colors. With potentially higher numbers of patients selecting nonoperative treatment of fractures to avoid higher out-of-pocket expenses, a perfect storm of inadequately trained musculoskeletal medical professionals who have less experience with …


The use of roller dies instead of conventional dies has been discussed for a long time. Already in the 1960s there where lectures at "Nordisk tradteknisk forenings" annual meetings about the use of ...


Two common diseases of the thyroid gland, which releases thyroid hormones for regulating the rate of the body's metabolism, are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Before a patient is classified as being normal or suffering from hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, there are a lot of information and tests conducted on the patient by existing models and these are costly in terms of time and money. We present the detection of thyroid disorder based on attributes collected from patients. A mathematical model is developed using Multigene Symbolic Regression Genetic Programming technique. The results show that the model is good and is even able to reduce the number of attributes used to classify a patient as Normal, Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism.


The quantitative analytical method for major antioxidants, ellagic acid and punicalagin, in pomegranate husk (Granati pericarpium) were established by HPLC. The optimal HPLC conditions were as follows: Column; Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (), mobile phase; 1% formic acid in water (A) and 1% formic acid in MeCN (B) (gradient elution of 5% to 100% B for 50 min), flow rate; 0.8 ml/min., detection; UV 254 nm. The optimal pre-treatment conditions for HPLC analysis were as follows: 5 g of pomegranate husk in 100 ml of 95% EtOH, refluxed for 3 h. Under these analytical conditions, punicalagin and ellagic acid contents in Korean pomegranates husks which were cultivated in five different sites were determined. As results, the ellagic acid and punicalagin (as a mixture of ) contents were the highest in Haepyung pomegranate husk and Jangsung pomegranate husk , respectively.


The speed of technological innovation in computers and telecommunications in recent years and the integration of automated operations are increasing the dependence of banks on the reliability and continuity of their EDP systems. Banks have always been exposed to risks such as error and fraud but the scale of those risks and the speed with which they can arise have changed dramatically. Furthermore, with computerised settlement systems, interbank lending relations now circle the globe in intertwining networks. Once a bank becomes unable to pay because of system problems, default, or any other reason, the banks that have loans outstanding to that bank also incur bad debts and the default is passed along the system in a chain reaction that threatens to envelop and paralyse the entire settlement system. The types of risk which characterise an EDP environment and the security and control procedures it requires deserve the full attention of supervisors. This note addresses the following types of risks: improper disclosure of information, error, fraud, interruption of business due to hardware or software failure, ineffective planning and risks associated with end-user computing operations. This paper has been prepared for reference by supervisory authorities in a wide range of jurisdictions. It is not designed as a technical paper for experts in the topic but seeks rather to flag the major problem areas of which supervisors need to be aware. Improper disclosure of information Most bank information is created by or directly linked to computer processing. Data and documents are routinely transmitted throughout a bank or between a bank and its correspondents and clients via public telecommunication links, such as telephone lines and satellites. Many users, including employees and bank customers, can directly access this data through computer terminals or telephones. These activities, while improving customer services and internal operations, have also increased the risk of error and abuse of the bank's information. Much of that information is confidential and could damage customer relations and the reputation of the bank, as well as give rise to claims for damages, if it fell into the wrong hands. Customer balances, overdraft limits and transaction details are examples of such information. Correspondence and bank strategies are also created and stored through text processing. The particular danger of unauthorised disclosure of confidential information in EDP systems, compared with manual systems, lies in the fact that much larger quantities of information can be removed in a more …


A software based system was developed that monitors industrial boilers on-line for the purpose to detect and identify fault conditions. Dynamic models are used to predict an expected set of process conditions, which form the baseline for evaluation of process conditions. By continuously monitoring the deviations between the baseline and actual observations, insight in the presence of certain faults can be obtained. An online expert system is used to draw conclusions from the observed prediction errors. The dynamic models are based on state space models which are generated by system identification using canonical variate analysis (CVA). The objectives of the system, the approach to the fault detection process and experience with a commercially available system identification tool are discussed.


Using a national sample of 3,595 public school kindergarten teachers and an additional 176 kindergarten teachers in private schools, information was obtained about teachers' practices related to the transition of children into first grade. Over half of public and private school teachers reported using some form of first-grade transition practice. More teachers in private schools reported using first-grade transition practices than teachers in public schools. The most frequently reported first-grade transition practice was meeting with first-grade teachers to discuss curriculum. More teachers reported using transition practices that focused on teacher or child activities rather than transition practices that involved parents. Findings were similar across metropolitan status of the school, district levels of poverty, and minority representation in the schools. As district poverty and minority representation increased in the public school sample, fewer teachers reported using transition practices. Findings are discussed in terms of an ecological perspective on children's school transitions.


According to the act of the State Fire Service fire-fighters are obligated to perform variety of activities in the field of technical, chemical, ecological or other rescue. All these activities require mental and psychical resistance as well as good general health and physical fitness. The aim of the present study was to identify the key rescue activities. Separation of key rescue activities performed by fire-fighters was made in order to evaluate their sensorimotor abilities and to create an unified plan of practical exercises used in training phase. Method of choosing activities that should be included to the "key activities" for practical exercises at the training stage was based not only by their incidence, but also by difficulty level. On the basis of the fire-fighting operations, 39 key rescue operations were selected.


The controversy between development studies and postcolonial studies is characterized by a mutually critical approach towards the other field, a disinterest in response and consequently a lack of interaction. The ambivalence that emerges from this non-interactive debate underlines that as long as these academic fields stay separated nothing constructive will appear. From initially analyzing the respective fields' potential to improve the human right's concept, this paper's main focus has become to examine the Swedish governments strategy plan for financial aid as seen from a postcolonial perspective.
 By examining issues such as superiority and self-interest the central theories of this paper apply postcolonial critique. Thus it will demonstrate that the Swedish governments strategy plan has several matters in which this critique is applicable and severe. The intention is to expose these issues and analyse them in a constructive discussion.


We have previously shown that PIAtelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia are deficient in the membrane alloantigen. PIA1 (Zwa), found on PIAtelets of nearly all normal subjects. It was therefore of interest to determine whether the PIA1 marker is carried on one or both of the membrane glycoproteine (GP Hb and GP IIIa) known to be lacking in thrombasthenic PIAtelets. PIA1 antigen activity waa measured in an assay in which antibody-induced 51Cr release from enzyme-treated target PIAtelets is inhibited by test material. Membrane glycoproteins were isolated by sequential lectin affinity chromatography of DOCA extracte of PIAtelets, by indirect immunoprecipitation of detergent-solubilized extracta of 125-I labelled PIAtelets and by preparative SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. By each of the three separatory procedures, PIA1 was found to be associated with GP IIIa but not with other glycoproteins. PIA1 is situated on the portion of GP IIIa susceptible to cleavage in situ by trypsin but not by chymotrypsin, bromelain, or papain, requires intact disulfide bonds for its expression, and appears to be determined by a polypeptide sequence in GP IIIa rather than by a polysaccharide configuration. PIA1 appears to be the first alloantigen to be aseigned to a platelet membrane constituent and the fourth pep tide-determined alloantigen system to be assigned to a human cell membrane protein.


Abstract. The effect of semen storage time, drone age and semen contamination on honey bee semen quality was investigated using assays for motility and viability of semen in vitro. Four age groups (1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks) and five storage times (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks) were examined. As storage time increased, sperm viability and motility significantly decreased. However, motility patterns of unstored semen samples were significantly lower than those samples that were stored up to 2 weeks. Sperm viability decreased significantly with increasing drone age, but motility patterns did not change. Those semen samples that were found to be contaminated with foreign particles or microorganisms had a significantly lower mean viability than uncontaminated samples.


The change in metabolism in infectious diseases in children is characterized by the same type of metabolic changes and is due to a combination of a significant increase in the body's need for energy and protein-energy substrates with tissue tolerance for their assimilation. At the same time, the severity of the course of the infection determines the development of relative nutritional deficiency. Metabolic disorders that develop in infectious diseases in children are in the nature of a stereotypical stress reaction, characterized by the development of an imbalance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats against the background of an increase in the body's needs for protein-energy substrates. The article deals with the problem of the importance of a balanced diet in children with infectious diseases. It is shown that the main approaches to diet therapy should be stages, taking into account the child's age and the severity of the disease. One of the significant aspects of preventing the negative impact of the infectious process and, for example, antibacterial therapy is the appointment of functional food products containing probiotic components.


A self ̄powered sensor node for river monitoring is designed and manufacturedꎬwhich applies piezoelectric ̄ photoelectric compound energy harvesting device and matching energy management and storage circuit to collect river vibration energy and natural light energy. A novel spherical nesting structure is employed in the piezoelectric energy harvesting unit and a Schmitt trigger is used to control charging in the harvesting circuit which is suitable for the input of weak piezoelectric and photoelectric energy. Experimental tests show that the output power of a piezoelectric ball is 57.7 μW when it is charged aloneꎬand the average output power of the built ̄in photovoltaic panels is 61.1 μW in a normal day. When the system is connected to 5 energy ballsꎬthe average power is at least 594.0 μW. The wireless sen ̄ sor node can measure the water levelꎬwater flow and humidity of the river environmentꎬand its average daily energy consumption is about 449.5 μW in low power consumption mode. From the perspective of energy balanceꎬwireless sensor nodes that use water vibration energy and solar energy to supply power can be self ̄sustained for a long time without additional batteries or backup power sourcesꎬand have a certain reference value.


Most primates sleep about half of the day. However, most researchers have studied them while they are active and have not observed their behavior while they sleep. Chimpanzees sleep on beds made in trees at night and have prone, supine, and lateral sleeping postures. However, it is not clear which postures they prefer and how many times they change their sleeping posture at night. Therefore, we investigated the amount of time spent in a sleeping posture in captive chimpanzees and the number of times they rolled over. Six chimpanzees (two adult males, three adult females, and a juvenile) were observed at the Great Ape Research Institute, Hayashibara, on May 2008. The chimpanzees spent the night in the same room and they could make their own bed with straw on a floor covered with sawn wood. Their behaviors were recorded with infrared video cameras and a total of 95 hr of observation data were collected in two nights. Eight postures were defined based on direction, and we found that adult chimpanzees preferred the lateral posture. The chimpanzees changed their sleeping posture about five times an hour, and the duration of one posture ranged widely from 0.1 to 60.8 minutes. An average of 56% (range = 39-71) of the rolling over occurred about the same time as in the other chimpanzees. These results suggest that chimpanzees have both deep and shallow sleep and are aware of others while they are sleeping.


The aim of this study was to assess the biometric and biochemical indices collected from seven fish species belonging on the two families, namely: Cyprinidae (Squalius cephalus, Alburnus alburnus, Carassius gibelio) and Percidae (Perca fluviatilis) from the Prut River. Body measurements and weighting were used to determine the increase in length of the fishes and to evaluate the general physiological condition. Also, the oxidative stress status in white muscle was assessed using superoxide-dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase specific activities along with malondialdehyde level. Biochemical parameters register variations one species to another and the values of the main morphological indices indicate a good maintenance state for all fish species taken into study (e.g. profile index oscillates between 2.34�0.124 cm at Carassius gibelio and 3.948�0.089 cm at Alburnus alburnus; Fulton coefficient between 0.998�0.035 % at Alburnus alburnus and 2.118�0.098 % at Perca fluviatilis; fleshy index between 18.44�0.958 % at Alburnus alburnus and 29.464�4.464 % at Perca fluviatilis). Taken together, our results showed that the Prut River aquatic environment offers good conditions for maintenance and health of studied fish population.

https://revistadechimie.ro/count_redirect.asp?RevChimieID=6287&pdfArticle=pdf/32 DUMITRU G 5 18.pdf


Background: In non-elderly (NE) (≥45 to <65 yrs) patients, CYP2C19 genotype has been reported to influence the response to clopidogrel (Clop) but not prasugrel (Pras). A Pras 5 mg/d dose in very el...


Cover Photo: The East Wing of the Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison. One of the most majestic statehouses in the Nation, this enormous building was constructed in 1906-1917 in the American Renaissance style. It is unique among state capitols in that it is has four equivalent wings, each oriented to a cardinal point on the compass. Because of this feature, the building has no obvious front. Photo and caption by Charles T. Goodsell, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.


Internet of Things (IOT) is a wireless ad-hoc network of everyday objects collaborating and cooperating with one other in order to accomplish some shared objectives. The envisioned high degrees of association of humans with IOT nodes require equally high degrees of reliability of the network. In order to render this reliability to IOT networks, it is necessary to make them tolerant to faults. In this paper, we propose mixed cross-layered and learning automata (LA)-based fault-tolerant routing protocol for IOTs, which assures successful delivery of packets even in the presence of faults between a pair of source and destination nodes. As this work concerns IOT, the algorithm designed should be highly scalable and should be able to deliver high degrees of performance in a heterogeneous environment. The LA and cross-layer concepts adopted in the proposed approach endow this flexibility to the algorithm so that the same standard can be used across the network. It dynamically adopts itself to the changing environment and, hence, chooses the optimal action. Since energy is a major concern in IOTs, the algorithm performs energy-aware fault-tolerant routing. To save on energy, all the nodes lying in the unused path are put to sleep. Again this sleep scheduling is dynamic and adaptive. The simulation results of the proposed strategy shows an increase in the overall energy-efficiency of the network and decrease in overhead, as compared to the existing protocols we have considered as benchmarks in this study.


In 1998 the University of Western Sydney, Nepean, in Australia began an Internet-based Masters in Astronomy degree, which included a compulsory subject on "Topics in the History of Astronomy". In this paper we document the nature of this subject as presented in 2001. We also discuss special problems associated with Internet graduate astronomy programs, and announce new Internet Masters and Doctoral degrees in astronomy offered by James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.


HD 110432 is the first proposed, and best studied, member of a growing group of Be stars with X-ray properties similar to γ Cas. These stars exhibit hard-thermal X-rays that are variable on all measurable timescales. This emission contrasts with the soft emission of "normal" massive stars and with the non-thermal emission of all well known Be/X-ray binaries – so far, all Be + neutron star systems. In this work we present X-ray spectral and timing properties of HD 110432 from three XMM-Newton observations in addition to new optical spectroscopic observations. Like γ Cas, the X-rays of HD 110432 appear to have a thermal origin, as supported by strongly ionized Fe xxv and Fe xxvi lines detected in emission. A fluorescent iron feature at 6.4 keV is present in all observations, while the Fe xxvi Lyβ line is present in two of them. Its X-ray spectrum, complex and time variable, is well described in each observation by three thermal plasmas with temperatures ranging between 0.2–0.7, 3–6, and 16–37 keV. Thus, HD 110432 has the hottest thermal plasma of any known Be star. A sub-solar iron abundance (∼0.3–0.5×ZFe,� ) is derived for the hottest plasma, while lines of less excited ions at longer wavelengths are consistent with solar abundances. The star has a moderate 0.2–12 keV luminosity of ∼5 × 10 32 erg s −1 . The intensity of the X-ray emission is strongly variable. Recurrent flare-like events on time scales as short as ∼10 s are superimposed over a basal flux which varies on timescales of ∼5–10 × 10 3 s, followed by similarly rapid hardness variabilities. There is no evidence for coherent oscillations, and an upper limit of ∼2.5% is derived on the pulsed fraction for short pulsations from 0.005 to 2.5 Hz. In the optical region the strong and quasi-symmetrical profile of the Hα line (EW ∼− 60 A) as well as the detection of several metallic lines in emission strongly suggest a dense and/or large circumstellar disk. Also, the double-peaked profiles of metallic lines confirm the nearly edge-on projection of that disk noted recently by Smith & Balona. HD 110432 has several properties reminiscent of the cataclysmic variables such as a very hot X-ray temperature and some of its detailed spectral features. This suggests that it might be a Be star harbouring an accreting white dwarf. On the other hand, recent evidence of magnetic activity reported in the literature of HD 110432 suggests an interaction between the surface of the Be star and its disk can produce the X-rays.


Bio-oils produced from small-scale pyrolysis may have economic and environmental benefits for both densifying agricultural biomass and supplying local bioenergy markets with fossil energy alternatives to support state policies (e.g., Renewable Portfolio Standards). We analyze the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG), energy, and cost tradeoffs for farm-scale bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis of corn stover feedstock and subsequent utilization for power generation in the state of Pennsylvania. We evaluate the life cycle ramifications of either cofiring the biochar coproduct with coal in existing power plants for energy generation, or using the biochar as a land amendment within the agricultural sector. The results show GHG emissions of 217 and 84 g CO2e per kWh of bio-oil electricity for coal cofiring and land amendment, respectively. Cofiring biochar with coal displaces more fossil energy than does land application. We discuss the potential for bio-oil and biochar penetrating near-term electricity markets ...


Zanthoxylum kellermanii is a species of ecological and economic value in southeast Mexico, in particular in the Chinantla region of Oaxaca State. In order to generate the equations that determine its aboveground biomass, two trees by diametric class (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) were felled, dividing each of them into three sections: foliage, branches and stem. From each section samples were taken and weighed directly to determine fresh weight and later they were dried in kilns. With these data the relationship between fresh weight and dry weight was established to estimate values of biomass per tree compartments and the total for each category, adjusting allometric equations by nonlinear regression techniques. The values of biomass per tree ranged from 0.494 to 2.14 kg in foliage, 1.7 4 to 25.9 kg in branches and 7.6 to 206.72 kg in stems. The average proportion of the biomass was 83 % in stems, branches and 14 % in 3 % in foliage. Allometric equations generated for Z. kellermanii showed a good level of fit, determined by their statistical values, so that the model is reliable to make a good prediction of biomass through the normal diameter. The distribution pattern of biomass, relative to the total dry weight indicates that this species has the greatest potential to accumulate biomass in the stem.


On the realization of the structure,design and core technique of the real-time dynamic answering system are introduced.The system is designed and implemented based on the SIP-based video conference system.The video answering module adopts the separate mode of the management system and the control system of a certain conference,these components can be designed dependently and ex-panded facilely.A real time answering is implemented from one point to multipoint.Teachers and students can communicate face to face.


Decentralized development views market trade and market towns as part of a comprehensive strategy to divert economic development away from major metropolitan areas. Seventy-one traders were surveyed in the central market of Cajamarca, Peru in 1981. Most are women earning minimal incomes, primarily because of price controls and expensive credit. Stimulating market trade as it is currently organized seems unlikely to assist migrants in secondary towns or to stimulate agricultural development in their hinterlands.


By polymerizing an alkylene oxide in the presence of the carboxylate initiator hybrid polyester-polyether polyol it is produced. The screen 15 or a lanthanide group metal catalyst for the polymerization of a mixture of metal-based compound-double metal cyanide complex catalyst and particular magnesium, Group III.


Presentation of Case First admission. A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of the recent finding of a heart murmur. One month before admission, while playing basketball, he was st...


The method of characteristics has played a very important role in mathematical physics. Preciously, it was used to solve the initial value problem for partial differential equations of first order. In this paper, we propose a fractional method of characteristics and use it to solve some fractional partial differential equations.


Objective To explore the pathogenesis of myopia by observing the primary culture and changes of growth cycle of retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells in guinea pigs with early experimental myopia.Methods Thirty guinea pigs with 2 weeks old were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,10 rats in each group.Another 5 normal guinea pigs with 2 weeks old(10 eyes)were randomly selected without any treatment,and served as normal control eyes.A eye was randomly selected to wear-10.00 DS concave lens,which was removed after culturing for 6 days,15 days and 30 days in group A,group B,group C,respectively.As myopia was determined with optometry and measuring axis oculi,RPE cells at anterior part and posterior part were cultured with cell enzyme digestion.Flow cytometry was used to detect growth cycle of RPE cells at the third to sixth generation.Results After induction of RPE cells at anterior part for 15 days,proportion of cells at G0 to G1 stage increased,S stage decreased,and there was significant difference compared with control group(P0.05);While proportion of cells at G0 to G1 stage decreased,S stage increased after induction for 30 days,there was obvious difference compared with control group(P0.05).There were obvious increase of cell proportion at G0 to G1 stage,decrease at S stage for RPE cells at posterior part after induction for 6 days,15 days,there were differences compared with control group(all P0.05).Conclusion Morphology,growth cycle and cytokines of PRE cells play important roles in development of myopia.


In this contribution the application of signal adaptive, dynamic time-frequency decompositions for the bitrate reduction of high quality audio signals is considered. We introduce a novel algorithm, Frequency-Varying Modulated Lapped Transforms (FV MLT), for the construction of almost arbitrary time-frequency resolutions. This algorithm combines the well known wavelet packet decomposition with tree-structured two-channel filter banks and Time-Varying Modulated Lapped Transforms (TV MLT). We compare the different techniques and explain in detail the benefits for perceptual source coding that result from the adaption of the time-frequency resolution: the efficient concentration of the signal energy to only a few transform coefficients, representing the signal, and the particularly well suited signal description for the perceptual dynamic bit allocation. Finally, we present a coding algorithm, which uses the proposed decomposition and vields bit rates between 50 and 64 kbit/s for monophonic CD quality signals.


The analysis of emotional intensity is crucial in understanding emotions; however, it has received little systematic attention in psychological and philosophical literature. This paper provides a general framework for the understanding of emotional intensity. It begins by a brief characterization of typical emotions and a discussion on the complexity of the concept of emotional intensity. In discussing variables of emotional intensity, two major groups are proposed: the event's impact, which includes the variables of the strength, reality and relevance of the event, and background circumstances, which includes the variables of accountability, readiness and deservingness. A clear positive correlation between each variable and emotional intensity is suggested.


The combination of conservative surgery and radiation therapy has become a more widely employed treatment approach for patients with early breast cancer. Cooperation between the surgeon, radiologist, pathologist, radiation therapist and medical oncologist is critical in obtaining good results using this approach. In this article, we summarize the treatment policy at the Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy with concentration on treatment techniques and their appropriate application.


Many utilities are developing microgrids to improve power reliability and grid resiliency for customers. One critical challenge in microgrid design is maintaining system stability with changing operating conditions in the microgrid. The technical and contractual constraints of accessibility and controllability to customer-owned resources limit available control options. This paper details a single-phase community microgrid model and illustrates the stability challenges. It further proposes adopting an optimal controller using predictive current control (PCC) and robust control mu-synthesis to improve microgrid stability in islanded operating mode. Incorporating the mu-synthesis in the controller design assures the microgrid's robust stability. The proposed method facilitates the incorporation of main uncertainties in the microgrid: change in resources, uncertainties in their modeling, and load variation. The proposed method overcomes the constraints and does not impact the customer's resources normal operation. Furthermore, the controller has a simple structure and is easy to implement. The simulation results validate that the designed controller can maintain the system stability and achieve optimal performance against various changes in the microgrid. This paper presents a practical solution to the challenges utilities are facing in microgrid development.


Analysing the stereoisomeric effect on mass spectra for three pairs of geometric isomers (meso and racemic 2,3 dibromobutanes, cis and trans 1,2 dibromocyclohexanes and cis and trans dibromocyclopentanes) it is suggested that the [M—Br] ion formation is facilitated by participation of the other bromine, this participation being maximum when the two halogens are trans or diaxial. The particular bromine character and the analogy with solution chemistry are emphasized.


The influence of surface grafting modified nano-silica on the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene (IPP) was investigated by DSC.The silica particles were pre-grafted with styrene,methyl methacrylate,ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate,respectively.The experimental results show that the addition of nano-silica into PP has an obvious nucleating effect on the crystallization of PP,resulting in higher crystallization temperature and melting point,as well as higher crystallinity and the overall rate of crystallization,but lower crystalline regularity.The surface grafting treatment of the nanoparticles promotes the nucleating effect due to the increased miscibility between the particle and the matrix.The nucleating effect of the particles is also related with their dispersion state in the polymer matrix.The melting behavior of neat PP is different to that of the PP filled with nano-silica.The later has a more uniform crystal structure because the fillers act as nucleates.However,a faster isothermal crystallization process of the PP filled with nano-silica results in a lower equilibrium melting point,implying that the crystalline structure is less perfect in this case.


The present invention includes one light guide board, one light source, wherein light guide board including one light income surface, opposite light out surface and bottom surface, light source light entering light guide board transmitting through light income surface of light guide board and passing out from light out surface, light out surface set with one first blooming and one second blooming having several diameter 2-50 micrometer convexes. Said first and second blooming are moulded by sputtering.


Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are advanced customized engineering materials that gradually and continuously change their composition. The current study investigated the production feasibility and some post-production mechanical/physical properties of B4C particle-reinforced (avg. 40µm) AA7075 matrix (avg. 60µm) FGM composites with the vertical separator molding technique using the high-temperature isostatic pressing powder metallurgy method. FGMs produced consist of three (0 – 30 – 60 wt. % B4C) and four (0 – 20 – 40 – 60 wt. % B4C) layers. The powders were mixed in a power blender mixer for 2h and were placed in the mold sections with a vertical separator. The lid was closed, and a pre-pressure of 10Mpa was applied. The FGM green sheet was transferred from the vertical separator mold to the hot work tool steel with a press. In this mold, FGMs were sintered at 560°C for 30 min under a pressure of 325MPa. Microstructural examinations did not reveal any separation or crack formation in the layer transition regions of the FGMs. In addition, a relatively homogeneous B4C reinforcing distribution was observed in the layers with a low reinforcement ratio (wt. 20% and 30%) compared to the other layers. The highest hardness was 170 HBN in one layer of the four-layer FGM containing 40% by weight B4C reinforcement. The highest transverse rupture strength was measured in the test performed from the region with the most reinforcement of the four-layer FGM at 482MPa.


The present paper intends to explain the formation and evolution of the concept of power of police in the United States of America, in which power of police has its immediate antecedent in the idea of police imported from Europeas of the ideas and traditions that start with the Common Law and the Continental Law. It then deals with how the concept police drew into internal police to reach the modern concept of power of police. It finally makes a reference to the influence of these conceptions in the Argentinean Public Law.


Myglobe is a user generated navigation service that enables users to share each cognitive map with one another. Cognitive map is a personalized map, shape of which is emphasized according to user's preference and activity in the city. It facilitates users to look back on their own city and have a new understanding by using an application in smart phones and physically interacting with a globe shaped device. In this paper, we present Myglobe service for users to achieve a new city experience with cognitive maps.


Abstract: Rural e-commerce has made remarkable achievements in driving the poor areas to change the mode of economic development, optimize the industrial structure, help the poor farmers to find jobs and start businesses, and achieve income increase, which has become a new engine for poverty relief in the current poor areas. This paper summarizes the poverty reduction effect of rural e-commerce, analyzes the current factors restricting the poverty-relief work of the e-commerce, and on this basis, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on how to solve these difficulties.


This paper introduced the cloud theory briefly firstly, then presents a method based on the cloud theory to access the collective harmonic influence of the residential loads, which can identify the harmonic sources so as to determine the harmonic suppression scheme. For the residential harmonic current probability distribution has multiple peak values, the cloud transformation method has more advantages than the normal distribution method. The analysis results of practical cases prove that the cloud transform is capable of fitting the harmonic current distribution curves in high precision, and presenting the multi-modal characteristics of the distribution curves well.


Based on the 4-DOF hybrid stacking robot,it introduces the mechanism characteristics of the robot with two moving joints and two rotational joints,analyzes the manipulator and obtains the solutions of both the inverse and direct kinematics.Using the method of kinematic influencing coefficient matrix,it proposes the velocities.Finally,it builds the 3D model of the robot with Pro/E,simulates the kinematics functions with ADAMS.This verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis.


Fusing the outputs from an ensemble of models in an effective way can often boost overall model accuracy. This paper presents a novel method, called locally weighted fusion, which aggregates the results of multiple predictive models based on local accuracy measures of these models in the neighborhood of the probe point for which we want to make a prediction. While we demonstrate the method in the context of multiple neural network models, the concepts may be applied to other predictive techniques as well. This fusion method is applied to develop highly accurate models for emissions, efficiency, and load prediction in a complex real-world power plant. The locally weighted fusion method boosts the predictive performance by 20-40% over the baseline single model approach for the various prediction targets. Relative to this approach, fusion strategies which apply averaging or globally weighting only produce a 2-6% performance boost over the baseline.


The 'information cycle' as described by H.T. Odum is an evolutionary-ecological model of the processes of information maintenance and change. It is a general model, intended to apply to all forms of information. This paper reports the first behavioral experimental study designed to collect data that can illuminate the dynamics of culture-sharing in information cycles. It is an analysis of conversation among university students in Taiwan. A junior class of 32 students utilized pencil and paper (P&P) diaries to record conversation topics over a three week period. It was expected that some topics of special interest would be shared widely as they were passed among speakers through repeated information cycles. This type of contagious transmission did indeed appear. However, of greater interest, the majority of widely shared topics, it is argued, were initiated by pulses from larger scales of information cycles, specifically from popular media, education and ritual scales, which then triggered a cascade of conversation sharing. This result indicates that the sharing of cultural information is indeed a complex, multi-scaled process that requires a nested model of information cycles as I have proposed elsewhere. This research has important implications for the study of cultural hierarchies, their form, and possible function located within larger human-ecosystems. It is therefore explicitly 'systems' research that attempts to take insights from studies of the organization of complex systems, such as ecosystems, into the realm of the social by re-conceiving cultural information as itself a hierarchy of discontinuous forms of production.


In this paper, we propose a distributed routing mechanism in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks based on a pricing mechanism, in which each node put prices on their relaying services and adjust the price according to the interference condition and the spectrum availability. The proposed mechanism tries to provide required bandwidth for multimedia transmissions in DSA networks. DSA networks employing cognitive radios enable agile transmissions and provide additional transmission capacity that would otherwise be unavailable. Although the technologies applied in DSA networks provide more information than traditional contention-based networks, conventional resource allocation mechanisms cannot fully use these measurements from the MAC layers to regulate the network. The interference pattern in distributed DSA networks is also not the same as it is in contention-based TDMA networks. Consequently, spectrum allocation mechanisms must cooperate with routing algorithms in order to adapt to the rapidly varying environment of distributed wireless networks. Routing decision is made based on the price offered and price for relaying. Resources are allocated during the routing process according to interference predictions based on spectrum measurements. Simulation results show that the proposed approach increased the throughput of the network by approximately 100% in heavy traffic situation relative to an AODV based direct resource allocation approach.


For a long time information retrieval has had to be mediated by an information professional so that the user can find a documentary answer relevant to his/her questioning. But the growing development of virtual learning environment in this field tends to remove human exchanges in favour of various mediation techniques: organizational, functional and documentary. The study of a specific educational device - the access platform to editorial resources CORRELYCE - will allow us to examine the users' practices from the standpoint of these mediations. Thus will emerge both the achievements and the limits of a fully-technical mediation, together with the gap between the developers' expectations and the reality of the users'practices, implying the need to maintain a human mediation.


This whitepaper describes how Amazon Web Services (AWS) adds value in the various phases of the software development cycle, with specific focus on development and test. For the development phase, this whitepaper: provides unique advantages in each of these scenarios and phases, enabling you to choose the ones most appropriate for your software development project. The intended audiences for this paper are project managers, developers, testers, systems architects, or anyone involved in software production activities.


Kinetics of the oxidation of paracetamol (PCM),C8H9NO2,byCr (VI) and Fe (III) werecarried out in aqueous HNO3 (0.06 moldm-3) medium at ionic strength of 0.01 moldm-3 (NaNO3). Thestoichiometries of the reactions were determined to be 1:3 (Cr2O7 2-:C8H9NO2) and 2:1 (Fe3+ : C8H9NO2).Thereaction products were identified as sodium acetate, ammonium ions and benzoquinone. The following infrared stretching frequencies; υ(C=O),1623.15 cm-1 and 1644.37 cm-1; υ(C-H), 880.77 cm-1 and 875.71 cm-1 (out of plane bending); and υ(C=C), 474.63 cm-1 and 453.41 cm- 1wereobserved for the oxidized products of Cr(VI) and Fe(III), respectively.


Migraine is associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances in children, according to findings presented at the Academy of Neurology's 60th Anniversary Annual Meeting in Chicago.