Numerical models of core-bounce SN with hydrogenless W-R progenitors have been obtained. The luminosity near peak light of these SN is attributed to the escape of radioactive decay energy which accumulates in the optically thick interior and diffuses outward until it meets the inwardly moving photosphere. Although the present models cannot explain the observed decline in luminosity immediately after peak in SN 1983N, they may be able to fit the light curve of SNIb 1985F. 94 references.


The polymeric and cumulative nature of inheritance of dairy productivity signs was revealed on cows of black and motley breed during the selection on concentration of key enzymes of blood serum which is leveled as a result of splitting in the following animal generation.


For the past several years YouTube has been by far the largest user-driven online video provider. While many of these videos contain a significant number of user comments, little work has been done to date in extracting trends from these comments because of their low information consistency and quality. In this paper we perform sentiment analysis of the YouTube comments related to popular topics using machine learning techniques. We demonstrate that an analysis of the sentiments to identify their trends, seasonality and forecasts can provide a clear picture of the influence of real-world events on user sentiments.


This study was performed to evaluate the effects of commercially available aromatic plant essential oil extracts (MixOilTM) on the protection outcome achieved after a Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination. Antibody production, after a MixOil treatment administered along with a vaccination program applying a live attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine, was assessed under field conditions. The antibody response was evaluated via a Hemagglutination Inhibition test and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Later, the experimental groups were challenged with two velogenic NDV strains: Herts 33 and a local virulent NDV strain. A MixOil treatment effect with a higher dose was also examined. It was observed that ND antibody titers were enhanced when the birds were placed on a MixOil immune system-boosting program during vaccination. The mortality rate decreased by at least 50% after regular MixOil immune boosting; it also decreased following larger treatment doses. Clearly, promoting a strong bird immune system through herbal supplementation would naturally be expected to create a successful vaccination outcome and healthy flocks of birds. In addition, the results suggest that, by applying a higher dose of MixOil, the treatment can exceed its immune-stimulator benefits; it resulted in controlling the mortality outcome from the experimental ND infection.


We present the case of a 28–yr–old woman with Fontan anastomosis undergoing elective sterilization. Because of concerns about laparoscopic surgery with capnoperitoneum and positivepressure ventilation, a mini–laparotomy was performed in microcatheter spinal anaesthesia. Tiration of small doses of plain bupivacaine 0.5% supplemented with 5 μg sufentanil provided high cardiocirculatory and respiratory perioperative stability in this patient.


A concise and efficient method for the preparation of 6,7-disubstituted-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazines via a palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation is reported. Both conventional and microwave heating were used to perform the reactions, with the latter showing dramatically improved results.


Conclusions: Complications of COVID-19 in children are related to comorbidities and increase with age. Viral co-infections are additional risk factors for disease progression and multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporarily related to COVID-19 (MIS-C) for ICU admission.


ABSTRACT This article explores the quickening pace of visual time in the nineteenth century from 'slow' portrayals, evidenced in long series showing gradual change over time, to 'fast' visual time conveyed through 'before-and-after' jump cuts. Drawing from film studies, it argues that popular image makers not only played a central role in creating innovative ways to represent people's new experiences of accelerated time, but also, in the process, contributed to that acceleration themselves. Often using state-of-the-art printing and distribution technologies, image makers exposed Americans, and particularly nascent consumers, to ever-more-sophisticated forms of commercial representations that helped not only to accustom them to the faster pace and disorientation of mass transportation, communications, and production but also to embrace it. Radically different from their pictorial precursors, before-and-after images, which became common visual tropes late in the century, were key to this new temporality. Because they compressed time by distilling its passage into two succinct images – using what film historians refer to as 'the cut' – these illustrations did not simply function as innovative forms of commercial information selling specific goods. More significantly, they encouraged consumers to place themselves at the center of a much larger story of modernity, progress, and transformation.


Experiments were conducted by moderate season culture of each of 7 early, medium and late maturing varieties which were considered to be of strong salt tolerance in non-salty, low- and high-salty reclaimed areas (salt content: 0.5% and 1% at the end of April). The results of the experiments revealed that the early maturing varieties were suffered greatly from salt damage in such reclaimed salty area which is the "fall better type" in the year-round changes of soil salt concentration in Korea. Better yielding varieties in the salty area showed generally a high yield ratio in the salty area compared with the non-salty area. This indicates that they are strong salt tolerant varieties. It seemed that the salt tolerance could be measured by the number of delaying days in heading, the growth rate of culm length, number of panicles and number of grains per panicle in the salty area to compare with the non-salty area. The effects or salt damage on the yields of each variety at maturing stage and agronomic characteristics in the salty area were compared and discussed with the non-salty area.alty area.


Objective To observe the influence of Huangqi injection on oxidative stress and immune status of patients with tuberculosis. Methods 120 patients with tuberculosis were randomly divided into two groups,the control group and the observation group,60 cases in each group. Results 2 and 6 months after the treatment,the serum levels of VC,SOD,CAT,β-CAR,CD+8lymphocyte express and the rate of red blood cell immune complex rosette were lower in the treatment group than in the control group,while the levels of MDA,CD+3,CD+4lymphocyte express and erythrocyte receptor rosette rate were higher than in the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Huangqi injection can effectively suppress oxidative stress and improve their immune status of patients with tuberculosis,and it is conducive to their recovery.


In order to find the qualification of the optical film theodolite in the daily maintenance, this paper proposes a simple approach to read all the measurement data precisely by scanning the film into bitmap and combining with the image manipulation technology. It emphasizes the method of bilevel image processing and reads the value of undershoot by the correlation method.


INTRODUCTION All clinicians who manage patients with breast cancer have a follow-up regimen for these patients, but there is surprisingly little scientific basis for these regimens. It should not be surprising, therefore, how much variety exists between individual physicians in the specific protocols used. Dr. Muss provides a rational perspective on breast cancer follow-up that emphasizes the need for cost-effectiveness within the context of the known biology of this disease.


Our goal is to fuse databases which store information belonging to the same individuals within a population such as people, cars, or companies. In order to fuse records, we have to recognize, which records belong to the same individual. In order to do this, we apply object identification and assume that the identifying information available from the databases can be viewed in a universal relation. With this assumption, object identification can be performed by comparing pairs of records and their classification as same or not same. Given large databases containing information about one population, the preselection becomes mandatory: The number of possible comparisons increases very fast, in fact it is the product of the number of records from both databases. As Grimm's Cinderella job of picking lentils from the ashes, we have to select pairs of records for database fusion. This article briefly presents the C 3 -Framework for object identification (Conversion-Comparison-Classification) and shows how a preselection can be performed to minimize computational time for the comparison. With the preselection approach suggested here, a database fusion designer is able to control the error bounds of misclassification on a labeled learning sample by refining the selection rules.


Currently,real fire monitors are used in almost all experiments for jet track of fire monitors.These experiments require large areas,bulky equipment,and complicated operations leading to high cost.We propose simulation experiments for the jet track,and derive the similar proportion based on the similarity theory.The method has the advantages of small space requirement,low cost,and data collection capability.The method has practical value as it can provide experimental data for studying properties of the fire engine and used for engineering design.Furthermore,the analysis model is a theoretical basis of the fire monitor database.


Explaining the foreign direct investment(FDI) behavior of multinational enterprises from the perspective of firm heterogeneity is one of the research fronts and hotspots. To describe the latest trends and results of the theoretical research of FDI behavior from the perspective of firm heterogeneity, this paper reviews the related theoretical studies respectively from the aspects of international path, FDI mode and FDI motivation. This paper concludes by suggesting future directions for further research.


IM Short periods of ischemia can protect tissues against the effects of subsequent prolonged period of ischemia, which is called ischemic preconditioning(IPC). To investigate the action of IPC protection on hepatic ischemiareperfusion(I/R) injury and its mechanism in rats. METHODS With in situ hepatic I/R injury model, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with Larginine (LArg) 250mg·kg-1 or NGnitroLarginine (LNNA) 15mg·kg-1 before operation. Nitric oxide (NO) content, ALT, AST activities in serum, NO and LPO contents and SOD activity in liver tissues, hepatic pathology were observed and assayed. RESULTS LPO content in hepatic tissues and serum ALT, AST activities were significantly lower than those in the I/R group. These protective effects were completely abolished by administration of NO donor (LArg) or NO synthase inhibitor (LNNA). Serum had hepatic NO contents had no changes in each group. CONCLUSION IPC protects liver from I/R injury. The mechanism may be inactivation of the oxygen free radicals, and it is unlikely that NO is involved in hepatic ischemic preconditioning.


Background: Body fat distribution (BFD) especially, visceral fat accumulation is closely related to cardiovascular disease than the amount of total body fat itself. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between BFD and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: We measured total body fat and regional body fat distribution using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometery in 769 patients (445 male, age 59±10 years) who underwent their first coronary angiography. The extent of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using Gensini score based on the quantitative coronary angiography results. The coronary artery tree was divided into 14 segments and each of these segments was scored from 1 to 32 depending on the most severe stenosis using the following system: 1 = stenosis 1% to 25%, 2 = stenosis between 26% and 50%, 4 = stenosis between 51% and 75%, 8 = stenosis 76% to 90%, 16 = stenosis 91% to 99% and 32 = total occlusion. The Gensini score was generated as the sum of the scores in all segments. Results: Mean Gen...


Abstract : The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report articulates a Shift in Emphasis from the 20th Century to the 21st Century in order to meet the new strategic environment. Multiple references within the document refer to the movement away from traditional industrial age American operational principles such as weapons systems mass and firepower to Information Age constructs of humans information and effects. Culture has gained quite a bit of currency in recent defense community debates concerning current and future capabilities of the American military so much so that it has become something of a DOD "buzzword." As is often the case with "buzzwords" the term lacks a commonly accepted agreed upon definition. What then exactly is culture? Does it really matter to the success of current and future American military operations specifically land operations? If so how do we effectively instill an appreciation of cultural knowledge within the force? This Strategic Research Project will define culture and examine its role within the current and emerging contemporary operating environments determine the importance of culture to the accomplishment of military objectives and provide recommendations for inculcating the appropriate level of cultural competence within the Nation's primary land force, the Army.


In a Kitaev spin liquid, electron spins can break into fractional particles known as Majorana fermions and Z$_2$ fluxes. Recent experiments have indicated the existence of such fractional particles in a two-dimensional Kitaev material candidate, $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. These exotic particles can be used in topological quantum computations when braided within their lifetimes. However, the lifetimes of these particles, critical for applications in topological quantum computing, have not been reported. Here we study ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced excitations in single crystals of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ using pump-probe transient grating spectroscopy. We observe intriguing photoexcited nonequilibrium states in the Kitaev paramagnetic regime between $T_N$~7 K and $T_H$~100 K, where $T_N$ is the Neel temperature and $T_H$ is set by the Kitaev interaction. Two distinct lifetimes are detected: a longer lifetime of ~50 ps, independent of temperature; a shorter lifetime of 1-20 ps, with a strong temperature dependence, $T^{-1.40}$. We analyze the transient grating signals using coupled differential equations and propose that the long and short lifetimes are associated with fractional particles in the Kitaev paramagnetic regime, Z$_2$ fluxes and Majorana fermions, respectively.


The method and theory of wavelet packet transform is introduced to decompose and reconstruct time series of monthly mean composition of oxygen-18 in rainfall.Complicated time series of monthly mean composition of oxygen-18 in rainfall can be decomposed to different sub sequences in different time scales by wavelet packet transform,based on which medium and long-term forecasting models of oxygen-18 in rainfall can be built.The paper takes time series of monthly mean composition of oxygen-18 in rainfall in the Vienna station and Hongkong station as examples to conduct time series decomposition and reconstruction by wavelet packet transform.The results showed that the reconstructed time series was consistent with the original time series.Multi-Resolution Analysis(MRA) and periodicity analysis were conducted with db4 wavelet function on the time series,which indicated significant periodic variation at the scale of 5.4 years and 1 year in the time series.


Black sea bass in the Mid_Atlantic Bight, are exploited by recreational and commercial fisheries. To evaluate mortality rates, a tag release/recapture study was conducted with 13,794 tagged black sea bass (12,310 legal-size) released between Massachusetts and Cape Hatteras, NC from 2002 to 2004. Of these legal-size releases, 1,683 were recaptured during 2002 to 2007. An instantaneous rates configuration of a Brownie band recovery model was used to estimate both fishing and natural mortality. A seasonal model of fishing mortality, adjusted for non-mixing, and a constant natural mortality best explained the tag recoveries. Fishing mortality estimates were between 0.3 and 0.4 whereas the natural mortality estimate was greater than 1.0. The estimate of natural mortality includes the effects of all unaccounted tag losses, however the results suggest that natural mortality is likely greater than 0.2 which has been assumed based on a maximum age of 15. Higher overall rates of natural mortality could result from increased vulnerability at sexual transition in this hermaphroditic species. Introduction Stock assessments of marine fish populations have long been a key component in managing fishery resources. Information regarding past rates of exploitation, along with potential productivity, allow managers to determine how much future exploitation can be allowed. Traditionally, catch based population models have been the tool of choice in stock assessments but in recent years tag based models have been increasingly used either as independent estimates of exploitation (Latour et al. 2001; Lambert et al. 2006; Jiang et al. 2007) or in conjunction with catch data (Polacheck et al. 2006). If implemented within the framework of a properly designed experiment, tagging programs are capable of providing estimates of exploitation and population size as accurately as catch at age models (Pine et al. 2003). In the Northwest Atlantic, black sea bass (Centropristis striata), support both commercial and recreational fisheries. Although black sea bass are distributed from the Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico, fish north of Cape Hatteras, NC are considered part of a single management unit. Commercial landings for this stock have remained relatively steady around 1400 mt since 1970, although landings in 1952 peaked at 9,900 mt (Shepherd 2007). Recreational landings, available since 1982, average about 1,600 mt annually. The species affinity for bottom structure during its seasonal period of inshore residency increases the availability to hook and line or trap fisheries while decreasing the susceptibility to bottom trawl gear commonly used for scientific surveys. In autumn when water temperatures decline, black sea bass migrate offshore to areas along the edge of the continental shelf. During this offshore period, sea bass are vulnerable to otter trawl gear as part of a multispecies fishery (Shepherd and Terceiro 1994). Black sea bass are protogynous hermaphrodites and can be categorized as temperate reef fishes (Steimle et al. 1999). Transition from female to male generally occurs between the ages of two and five (Lavenda 1949; Mercer 1978). Males can follow one of two behavioral pathways, either becoming dominant males, characterized by a larger size and a bright blue nuccal hump during spawning season, or secondary males which have few distinguishing features. Spawning in the Middle Atlantic peaks during spring (May and June) when the fish reside in coastal waters. The social structure of the spawning aggregations is poorly known although some observations suggest that large dominant males gather a harem of females and aggressively defend territory


Int. Cl. .............................................. A61K7/021 U.S. Cl. ........................................ 424/63; 514/21; 514/844; 514/937; 424/401 58) Field of Search ..................... 514/2, 21, 801, 844; 424/63, 401 (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,517, 75 5/1985 Iwabuchi et al. ................... 514/801 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 2167301 5/1986 United Kingdom ................ 54/844 Primary Examiner-David M. Naff Assistant Examiner-Jean C. Witz Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Cushman, Darby & Cushman 57 ABSTRACT The wax-based mascaras containing keratin hydroly sates having a molecular weight greater than 50,000 have improved properties for coating eyelashes, of sta bility and eyelash lengthening.


The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of surface diffusion, which is the behavior of gas molecules on ionomer thin films, on the transport properties of oxygen in fuel cell catalyst layers. To this end, the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods were used in our simulations. The results of the DSMC method showed that the overall transport is strongly affected by the behavior of surface diffusion. It was found that the diffuse reflection model for surface diffusion used in the DSMC method has room for improvement as the MD results show a different trend that oxygen molecules tend to reflect in the direction of travel.


The development of antibody-secreting plasma cells is crippled in the absence of the transcription factor XBP-1 (X-box binding protein). Based on the role of XBP-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR), it was speculated that the ER needs this protein to cope with the ramped-up protein production that accompanies plasma cell differentiation. On page 505, Tirosh and coworkers show instead that XBP-1 controls immunoglobulin synthesis posttranslationally, independently of its role in orchestrating the UPR. The UPR is a signaling system that ensures proper folding, processing, and degradation of proteins in the ER. When protein production exceeds the ER's quality control capacity, XBP-1 drives the expression of additional proteins, such as chaperones and degradative enzymes that help to absorb the extra workload. The prevailing explanation for the XBP-1 requirement in plasma cell development—that the ER otherwise becomes lethally clogged with excess immunoglobulin protein—is called into question by the new data from Ploegh's group. The study shows that protein degradation in the ER was intact in the absence of XBP-1, suggesting that the ER quality control pathway in B cells does not require XBP-1. Instead, XBP-1 was required for the sustained synthesis of IgM in primary B cells. This defect was specific for IgM heavy chain protein, as synthesis and trafficking of other proteins were unaffected.


The aluminum anodizing is a used technique used to produce decorative and protective film of high quality. This anodizing process results in a large volume of industrial sludge, containing amounts of aluminum hydroxide colloidal problematic for these industrial waste disposal due to the environmental impact. This study aims to accomplish the treatment of these residues, which were thermally sintered at temperatures of 200 °C, 1000 °C and 1400 °C. After the heat treatment, the residues were subjected to analysis of X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. In evaluating these results, there was a gradual increase of the percentage of alumina at 1400 °C to achieve 95%. With the acquisition of the ceramic high alumina content, the objective is the fabrication of refractory linings for pipes used in the oil refining process. And this study will serve to solve an environmental problem arising from the metallurgical industry and simultaneously presenting an alternative material for the industry.


Background: Cross-sectional studies suggest gender differences in cognitive function and risk of AD in older persons. However, longitudinal studies comparing change in cognitive function and risk of AD in men and women have had mixed results. The authors investigated gender differences in rate of decline for different cognitive systems and for risk of developing AD. Methods: Participants were from the Religious Orders Study, a longitudinal, clinical–pathologic study of aging and AD in older Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers. Longitudinal data were available from 577 older women and 271 older men, who completed an average of 5.8 annual evaluations with more than 95% follow-up participation in survivors. The evaluations included 21 neuropsychological tests, from which summary measures of global cognitive function and 5 functional domains were formed, and clinical classification of AD. Results: Random effects models were used to analyze change in cognitive function, and proportional hazards models were used to assess risk of incident AD. On average, men and women declined in all abilities during the 8-year period but did not differ in annual rates of change in analyses that controlled for age, education, and initial level of cognitive function. Risk of incident AD did not differ between men and women. Furthermore, results were unchanged after controlling for possession of the apolipoprotein-ε4 allele. Duration of estrogen use was related to rate of global cognitive decline and visuospatial abilities in women but did not influence comparisons between men and women in cognitive decline. Conclusions: The results suggest that patterns of cognitive decline and incidence of AD are similar in older men and women.


Revelation is the most unique book in the New Testament. This book is noted for its literary form, its temporal framework, its historical grounding, and its theological agenda. The literary form of Revelation is a combination of epistolary and apocalyptic writing. The apocalyptic form is borrowed from Judaism, where such literature has a long history of development. The beginning stages of the apocalyptic form may be found in the Old Testament writings of Daniel and Ezekiel, where figures such as the son of man (C.,~ p) and the composite animals are seen. Revelation is written at a time when this literary form has been fully developed and employed in Jewish apocalyptic writings. Such writings are a type of crisis literature which use standard literary devices-mythological characters, hidden meanings to words and numbers, veiled reference to historical events or persons-in order to address a current crisis. A prophetic vein, present in much of this type of literature, is especially evident in Revelation. The letter form is also present in the book. Revelation 1:4-8 presents an introductory greeting, followed by the introduction of God (1:8), then the prophet John (1:9). The revelation which John will receive is to be addressed to the


Objective To explore the effect of TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in apoptosis induced by LPS. Methods After LPS injected mice blocking TRAIL with soluble death receptor 5 (sDRS), detecting ALT, AST and LDH of mice serum at different times, apoptotic effects of LPS to mice hepatocyte were detected by HE and flow eytometry (FCM) with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The expres-sion of DR5 in mice hepatocyte was assayed with immunohistochemistry and FCM. Results Apoptotic effect was promoted by up-regulated DR5 expression on hepatocyte. Blocking TRAIL with sDR5 markedly amelio-rated the hepatocyte damage and reduced apoptosis. Conclusion These results establish a critical role for TRAIL in apoptosis during disease process of LPS.

Key words:
Endotoxin;  Lipopolysaccharides;  Soluble death receptor 5 ;  TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand;  Hepatocyte apoptosis


With the recent development of nanotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) have received increasing attention as potential heterogeneous Fenton catalysts in wastewater treatment applications, as an alternative to the conventional Fenton process using dissolved iron salts. Due to their superparamagnetic properties, Fe3O4 mNPs can be easily recovered and reused by applying a magnetic field. However, Fe3O4 mNPs have a marked tendency to form aggregates in water, leading to a decrease in their catalytic yield. To overcome these limitations, this work explores the catalytic activity of Fe3O4 coated with poly(acrylic acid) (Fe3O4@PAA) as stabilized Fenton heterogeneous nanocatalyst, in the degradation of C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19). To maximize the catalytic potential of Fe3O4@PAA, an experimental design based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been developed to optimize the conditions of the Fenton process in terms of Fe3O4@PAA concentration (100–300 mg L−1) and H2O2 dose (100–400 mg L−1). Based on the results obtained, a novel sequential batch reactor (SBR) coupled to an external magnetic separation system has been developed, guaranteeing the complete retention of the mNPs in the system. This system allows the reuse of Fe3O4@PAA for at least 10 consecutive cycles, with a successful decolorization of RB19 after 4 h of treatment.


In vol. 64 of the Antiquity, Alojz Benac (1914 -1992) presented a short note on a group of tumuli with exceptional organic preservation that he had excavated 1980-84 in the valley of Kupreško polje in southwestern Bosnia (Benac 1990). Only one of them, Pustopolje tumulus no. 16, contained a burial, with a wooden coffin, parts of a sledge, skin, grass, and the skeletal remains of a man that had been covered with a thick woven wool textile. Benac did not attempt to describe the textile except for a drawing illustrating how it covered the entire burial. In an earlier publication a detail of the border was also shown (Benac 1986: 109) (fig. 1). The textile did not quite elude the attention of scholars (Bender Jørgensen 1992: 103; Grömer 2010: 39) but as the Yugoslavian wars 1992-1995 made communications difficult, the Pustopolje textile has not been given the attention it deserves. This has recently been remedied. It has been examined, restored and re-dated, and is now on display in the Franciscan Museum and Gallery Gorica in Livno, Bosnia-Herzegovina (Marić Baković and Car 2014) In 2011, two of the present authors visited the museum in Livno to examine the textile (fig. 2). Dye analysis, wool analysis and radiocarbon dating have also been carried out.


Despite active study, there is still much left to discover about the transformation from a tropical disturbance into a tropical depression, a process known as tropical cyclogenesis. Further advancements in our understanding of tropical cyclogenesis will allow for increased lead times for large-scale evacuations which may save lives. Several recent studies have found that the presence of radiation in numerical models has a very pronounced effect on accelerating tropical cyclogenesis in both idealized (Nicholls and Montgomery 2013, Nicholls 2015) and case study simulations (Melhauser and Zhang 2014, Tang and Zhang 2016). In idealized simulations this appears to be primarily due to a weak nocturnal transverse circulation brought about from differential radiative heating between the cloudy disturbance and the surrounding cloud-free region. This causes a slow lifting motion (with vertical velocity on the order of millimeters per second) in the core of the system and weak compensating subsidence in the surroundings. The transverse circulation slowly moistens the core of the disturbance and provides a favorable environment for additional convection, thus contributing to a faster rate of tropical cyclogenesis as compared to simulations without radiation (Nicholls 2015). A "burst" of convection is observed in the morning which is consistent with previous work by Gray and Jacobson Jr (1977) regarding the most active hours of maritime convection.


This study examined the relationship between children's temperament and their early vocabulary acquisition. Mothers of 317 toddlers (18 months of age) completed the Toddler Temperament Scale(Bak, 1996) and a vocabulary checklist(Pae, 2002). Results showed that mood, adaptability, and activity were a...


This paper presents the translation of the Lord's Prayer into Chechen,
as published in the 2012 edition of the whole Bible, and the translation
into Ingush, which has not yet been published. Both translations were
drafted on the basis of a Russian translation, and then corrected by a
translation team to ensure they correctly convey the meaning of the
original Greek. This paper provides an analysis of the translation,
focusing in particular on how grammatically implied participants in
Greek passive-voice verbs have been handled in the Caucasian languages
that lack a passive.


In this paper, the results of computed tomography and destructive testing of a die cast, gas tight aluminium part are compared and analysed with the aim of refining the porosity map. The mapping of the continuity defects detected by the two methods makes it possible to estimate the number, shape and distribution of continuity defects on and in the immediate vicinity of the machined surface, and to compare the characteristics of continuity defects detected by non-destructive and sequential fine machining. Based on the results of the CT scan of a given casting, we also performed destructive testing to find defects in a selected part of the casting by sequential fine machining. The basic criterion for the choice of the cutting parameters was to minimize the plastic deformation (smearing) on the machined surface, i.e. to clearly identify porosity. We then investigated the position, shape and other characteristics of porosity on the surfaces. The results and differences resulting from the two different methods are also analysed.


Color name is one of the important features for computer vision. Many existing methods proposed to classify colors into a small number of color names. In this paper, we propose an alternative method with the goal to improve the accuracy for assigning a color name to an object in the given image. We here use the least-squares probabilistic classifiers (LSPC) with the local scaling parameters for solving this task. The benefit of the LSPC is that its solution can be computed analytically so that the obtained solution is global optimum, while the local scaling parameters play an important role to deal with the data including clusters with different local statistics as appeared in the real-world data. To deal with this task, the LSPC is learned to assign a color name to each pixel with the highest of the class-posterior density distribution. Then, the estimations of the class-posterior density distributions are utilized to compute the scores for predicting a color name to the given object. Lastly, the color name with the highest score is chosen as a predicted color name for that object. The experimental results on the eBay data set show the improvements over previously proposedmethods.


An alternator is subject to large dynamic loads, mainly because of vibrations in the engine and the fixture type, which affect the alternator's lifetime significantly. A certain type of alternator has had problems with its design, primarily as a result of damaged rectifiers caused by vibrations. To identify the reason for the failure an experimental modal analysis (EMA) was performed on the rectifier. The main purpose of the experimental approach was to identify some of the design factors that shorten the lifetime of rectifiers. The basis of the dynamic analysis was frequency-response functions, measured at the rectifiers. Based on the measurement data of the original and modified samples of the rectifier, some corrections were made to improve the dynamic characteristics and to extend the lifetime of the rectifier. Useful information for the development of the next generation of the alternator's rectifier was obtained. The applied methods can also be extended to other products.


We classify thick subcategories of the1‐categories of perfect modules over ring spectra which arise as functions on even periodic derived stacks satisfying affineness and regularity conditions. For example, we show that the thick subcategories of perfect modules over TMF are in natural bijection with the subsets of the underlying space of the moduli stack of elliptic curves which are closed under specialization. 55P43, 18E30


This paper investigates the effect of using an extrinsic implant on the behaviour of SiGe HBTs at low temperatures. The collector current characteristics of SiGe HBTs with different geometries are measured at temperatures from 77 to 300K. The temperature dependence of the collector current is different for devices with different geometries and this results from base profile broadening in the vicinity of the extrinsic base implant due to point defects. Process and device simulators are used to explain this effect. A method for eliminating this geometry dependence of the collector current is also described.


In order to improve the searching accuracy of motion estimation,a new algorithm called Directional Adaptive Sampling Search(DASS) algorithm was proposed.According to the information of matching error in search patterns,the algorithm adopts two sorts of triangle search patterns adaptively.The strategy of local sampling search was employed for the sake of big-motion vector.Early termination strategy was adopted in the procedure of DASS so as to further speed up the search.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only ensures the speed but also improves the accuracy of search with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR) degradation of only 0.28 dB on average.


An optically preamplified pulse position modulation (PPM) system is analysed and shown to offer a sensitivity benefit of 7.9 dB over an equivalent PCM system. The PPM system self-synchronisation is addressed and the jitter sensitivity penalty is evaluated. The results indicated that the penalty can be as high at 15 dB. An optimal presynchronisation filter is derived and results are presented demonstrating that the jitter sensitivity penalty has been limited to about 1 dB when the filter is included while utilising the same set of system parameters.


Abrupt change detection is critical to monitor the occurrence of abnormal events from sensor data for situational awareness of complex systems. However, various disturbances and noises applied to the data observations may pose significant challenges to the robustness of many abrupt change detection methods. Recent researches have shown that bilateral filter can acquire outstanding performance on removing noises from images while preserving edge information. In this letter, we propose two improved edge-preserving memory-based cumulative sum (MB-CUSUM) methods that are able to make the abrupt change detection method more robust against noises. Our experimental studies show that the proposed methods can achieve superior performance over state-of-the-art methods to detect abrupt changes, which demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of their practical use.


Breakthrough pain has been defined as a transitory flare that occurs against a background of otherwise controlled pain. Breakthrough pain is a condition of severe pain, which can persist for few minutes to hours in cancer or non-cancer patients. It is not usually controlled by ordinary analgesics. The best management of such a pain requires additional doses of short or rapid acting opioid analgesics over the regular doses required to control persistent pain. Several fast dissolving oral formulations of fentanyl have been introduced recently. These formulations have relatively short onset times and good absorption characteristics and, thus, best suited to control breakthrough pain. Analgesia is apparent within 5-15 minutes and peaks at about 20-50 minutes after sublingual or transbuccal administration. Several precautions like abuse of medication and matching the pharmacology of the drug to the subtype of breakthrough pain are of considerable interest. Non-pharmacological treatment includes touch therapy, pet therapy, hypnosis, etc., which are supportive of pharmacological treatment. In this article, the type & characteristics, and management of break-through pain by pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches have been discussed.


During the last decades, the use of mountain trails for running is more and more popular. New trails are opened to allow the runners to practice and compete. This form of human impact on the landscape is new as the new trails do not follow the conservation strategies in design and maintenance as traditional mountain trails constructed by farmers, shepherds and muleteers do. This impact of sport events in nature is not measured and we know little about this impact on vegetation, fauna and soils. We surveyed in September 2018 a trail that was opened in September 2014 and was used for four official mountain trail races, and for training by local runners. Our interviews with organizers and users show that 1054 runners passed during the competition days (4 races in 4 years) and over the 4-year period the trail was used approximately 43,800 times by a runner. We measured the current topography and calculated the soil lost. The results show extremely high erosion rates in the sloping terrain, with the highest rates in the north-facing slope, reaching up to 180.29 Mg ha-1 y-1, while in the flat section of the trail soil erosion rates are 107.56 Mg ha-1 y-1 and in the south-facing slope trail 128.93 Mg ha-1 y-1. Our study demonstrates that (i) soil erosion rates on trails can be easily estimated by measuring the deepest trail position enabling fast and cheap surveys; and (ii) that there is a need to establish conservation strategies on new trails to avoid non-sustainable soil losses in the Mediterranean mountains due to the sport activities such as the mountain trail races.


Azimuthal P -wave AVO has been used successfully for characterising a variety of fractured gas reservoirs in land 3D data. Here we present a case study from the North Sea to demonstrate how fracture orientation can be estimated from 3D marine streamer data. The data include a 3D survey shot ten years ago using a two-streamer 3D boat. Super gathers are formed from the two streamers combined with crossed 2D lines from other vintage surveys to overcome the lack of azimuthal coverage. This gives rise to at least three azimuthal gathers for each CDP point along any particular crossed 2D line. The approach requires careful data processing to match the acquisition geometry, phase and amplitude characteristics of the 2D and 3D surveys. Azimuthal AVO analysis is then carried out for each CDP point along the crossed line. In this way, the lateral variation in fracture orientations can be determined, and the results agree with previous analysis of orthogonal 2D lines (Liu et al., 1999).


To further understand the quantitative structure-activity relationship of the 29 aminobenzene derivatives and improve the prediction precision of QSAR models,a multiregression equation based on stepwise regression method was proposed.In this study,the six structural parameters(L、π、 σx,σασF,σR,) and the indicating variable of the 29 aminobenzene derivatives were calculated.The algorithm stepwise regression method was performed for selection of the variables and the multiregression was carried out with satisfactory results.The biological toxicity mechanisms were discussed.


In view of current interest in the estimation of alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) in maternal serum a retrospective pilot study was made of recent pregnancies complicated by severe rhesus isoimmunization. Specimens were stored at -20 degree C a temperature at which A.F.P. is stable. The ability of maternal A.F.P. levels to predict fetal death in this condition was evaluated. 5 severely complicated pregnancies (15 estimations) were followed between 22 and 23 weeks gestation with serial estimations. In addition 1 mildly complicated pregnancy (3 estimations) and 3 unaffected pregnancies (12 estimations) were studied between 22 and 37 weeks gestation. The A.F.P. levels in all the pregnancies were between 80 and 330 ng. per ml. No levels exceeded the reported normal range for this type of assay at this length of gestation. Despite the use of intrauterine transfusion in 4 of the severely affected cases 3 babies were stillborn. In 2 of these pregnancies the maternal A.F.P.s were in the normal range within 24 hours of intrauterine. Maternal A.F.P. levels do not seem to predict intrauterine death in rhesus isoimmunization and therefore would be of value in timing the premature delivery of a severely affected fetus.(FULL-TEXT)


Crosslinking method of crosslinking the polymer chains in the coating composition is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method, the reaction product formed using the Hantzsch dihydropyridine reaction, beta-keto ester in order to form a dihydropyridine binding to persist between the functional groups, source and ammonia or one aldehyde using a source of grade amines involves crosslinking the polymer resin chains with β- ketoester functional group. The novel crosslinking reaction, typical crosslinking reaction can occur at lower temperature than can occur in aqueous solution pH6~11 neutral slightly alkaline. The novel crosslinking reaction, has a number of advantages to cross-linking the polymer chains in the coating resin.


This paper presents a finite element model of a gear induction hardening process. The gear was surface-heated by an induction coil and quickly cooled by spraying water. The finite element model was developed as a three-dimensional model. The electromagnetic field, temperature field, stress distribution and microstructure distribution were examined. Temperature and microstructural characteristics were measured and used. The gear material data was obtained in part by measurement and in part by calculation.


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Purpose
The purpose and current research objective is to determine sustainable hotel performance through hotel environmental management initiatives (HEMI) with the mediating influence of employee's' eco-friendly behaviour (EEB), and to determine the moderating role of environmental strategies (ES) in the relationship between HEMI and EEB.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 95 five-star hotels were contacted, with data collected from only 30 of them. The study used only 433 questionnaires for the final analysis with SPSS 25.0 and SmartPLS 3.2.8.

Findings
The results revealed that HEMI is positively associated with sustainable hotel performance and with EEB. EEB is positively associated with sustainable hotel performance. ES significantly influence EEB, and significantly strengthen the relationship between HMEI and EEB. EEB significantly mediates the relationship between HEMI and sustainable hotel performance.

Practical implications
The current research highlights a significant issue: how the management of the hotel industry uses HEMI, ES and EEB to improve sustainable performance. The study fills the gap in the literature and enables hotel management to concentrate on studying exogenous variables to increase sustainable performance.

Originality/value
The current research contributes to the body of knowledge by concentrating on factors that influence sustainable hotel performance. It examines HEMI influence on sustainable performance with moderating (ES) and mediating (EEB) effects, from the leans of natural resource-based view (RBV) theory.


Steels containing Tellurium are generally used for free cutting steels of precision engineering parts. But the effect of Tellurium on mechanical properties of these materials are not well known yet. This paper deals with the influence of Tellurium on fatigue strength. And rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out using specimens containing MnS, FeS, MnTetype inclusions and containing substantially no inclusions respectively. And these tests were run in order to resolve some of the problems involved in evaluating machined surface layer for a given residual stress and work hardened layer by on endurance limit was discussed.Main results obtained are as follows : (1) Endurance limit of Tellurium free cutting steel was high order compared with the based steel and Sulphur free cuttting steel. And the endurance limit were arranged in ascending order as follows.Sulphur free cutting steel <Based steel <Tellurium free cutting steel(2) Endurance limit by the existance of machined surface layer were high stress level 5-8 kg/mm2 compared with no machined surface layer.(3) At some stress amplitude, residual stress of machined surface of Sulphur free cutting steel and based steel was reduced almost to zero at the number of cycles about N=103. On the other hand, residual stress of machined surface of Tellurium free cutting steel decrease gradually after the number of cycles about N=103.(4) The decrease of the hardness in the work hardened layer of Sulphur free cutting steel and based steel is observed within the range at the number of cycles about N=0103 But the decreasing rate of it for Tellurium free cutting steel were relatively small compared with the other specimens.(5) It seems that the inclusions FeS, MnS shows a promoting type for crack propagation, and the inclusion MnTe shows a controlling type for it. And effect of FeS, MnS, MnTe on crack propagation could be estimated from disorder of striation around inclusions.


SUMMARY Nuturing spiritual wellness is a prominent goal of most religious groups and is central to wholistic health. Although spirituality is very important to most older people and spiritual well-being and maturity are relevant to gerontological theories, consensus on criteria for evaluating them is not yet complete, and mainstream gerontology tends to ignore the subject. Two paradigmatic orientations are dominant; one extrinsically seeks self-gratification; the other is intrinsic, self-denying, and self-centered. It is important to face the divergent values about this and related topics like death and dying, the afterlife, the "new ageism" in services with and for the aging, the value-denying compromises of alleged neutrality, the danger of reification, and the tendency to ignore spirituality by meeting only empirically observable human needs.


LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT USING STEEL, NYLON OR ASBESTOS FIBRE. TABLES SHOW THE CALCULATED AND TESTED FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETES AS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF PLAIN CONCRETE OF SIMILAR COMPOSITION. AFTER TESTING TO DESTRUCTION BY FLEXURAL LOADS, RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT STEEL FIBERS TENDED TO INCREASE FLEXURAL STRENGTH, NYLON WAS USELESS BECAUSE OF INSUFFICIENT ADHESION TO THE MORTAR, THE FIBERS BEING EASILY EXTRACTABLE FROM THE BROKEN SAMPLES, AND ASBESTOS FIBERS HAD VERY LOW TENSILE STRENGTH BUT GOOD ADHESION TO THE MORTAR. IN INITIAL TESTS, FIBERS WERE USED IN THE FOLLOWING PROPORTIONS: 0.3 MM DIAMETER STEEL IN PIECES 2 CM LONG COMPRISING 4 PER CENT BY WEIGHT OF THE DRY MIX, 100/1 NYLON FIBRE IN PIECES 2 CM LONG COMPRISING 0.5 PER CENT BY WEIGHT OF THE DRY MIX, AND SHORT LOOSE ASBESTOS FIBERS COMPRISING 0.5 PER CENT BY WEIGHT OF THE DRY MIX. SOME RESULTS OF TESTS WITH GLASS AND SOFT IRON FIBERS ARE ALSO GIVEN. FURTHER LABORATORY TESTS AND PRACTICAL TESTS ON ROADS, VARYING THE AMOUNT AND SIZE OF THE FIBERS, ARE ENVISAGED. /RRL/


We develop a simple, non-parametric approach for estimating the entire distribution of skill. Our approach avoids the challenge of correctly specifying the distribution, and allows for a joint analysis of multiple measures---a key requirement for examining skill. Our results show that more than 85% of the funds are skilled at detecting profitable trades, but unskilled at overriding capacity constraints. Aggregating both skill dimensions using the value added, we find that around 70% of the funds are able to generate profits. The average value added after funds have reached their long-term size equals 7.1 mio. per year, which represents two thirds of the optimal value predicted by neoclassical theory. For all skill measures, the distribution is highly non-normal and reveals a strong heterogeneity across funds.


In this paper, we propose the use of ultranarrow soliton beams in miniaturized nonlinear optical devices. We derive a nonparaxial nonlinear Schrodinger equation and show that it has an exact non-paraxial soliton solution from which the paraxial soliton is recovered in the appropriate limit. The physical and mathematical geometry of the non-paraxial soliton is explored through the consideration of dispersion relations, rotational transformations and approximate solutions. We highlight some of the unphysical aspects of the paraxial limit and report modifications to the soliton width, the soliton area and the soliton (phase) period which result from the breakdown of the slowly varying envelope approximation.


Medieval Institute Publications publishes a series of edited collections, Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Culture, and a sister monograph series, Research in Medieval and Early Modern Culture. The series were originally inspired by themes drawn from the annual International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo. From 2016 the series explicitly opened to publications that wholly or partially focus on the early modern world.


ABSTRACT Many studies have associated the dynamics of diseases' prevalence with differences in social, economic and demographic status, but it is not yet clear if the same variables explain the spatial distribution of COVID-19 infections in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the spatial spread of COVID-19 infections in relation to socio-demographic risk factors in a typical administrative state – a relatively typical ethnocentric community – in Southwestern Nigeria. Data used were socio-demographics, income variables, COVID-19 status and travel history of 40,300 households. Data were analysed for frequency, prevalence and spatial distributions. The results revealed that COVID-19 cases were heterogeneously distributed within the state. The number of cases was relatively higher in the north and south-eastern parts of the State than in other areas. Male respondents had a higher prevalence (3.7%) of COVID-19 cases compared to their female (2.4%) counterparts. Transmission was most dominant among respondents aged above 70 years old (3.5%), widowed (3.3%) and those who lived in households with between 6 and 10 (4.9%) members. Transmission was also relatively high among those with travel history within the State (9.1%), those that aquired tertiary education (3.8%) and self-employed (3.0%). The study associated imbalanced socio-economic distributions to a diverse range of COVID-19 transmission in the area and therefore advocated for improved policy on residents' education and sustainable living.


Melting and casting are important parts of aluminum alloy production, in which process parameters and alloy composition are key factors in determining ingot performance and are essential to aluminum alloy product quality. In this paper, a data-driven method for in-depth optimization of process parameters and alloy composition in an aluminum alloy casting process is presented, which can automatically optimize the process parameters and alloy compositions to improve the ingot performance. The method includes three parts: data pre-processing, relational model construction, and process parameters/alloy composition optimization. At the data pre-processing stage, feature engineering, outlier handling, and missing value handling are used in turn to obtain a high-quality dataset. At the relational model construction stage, XGBoost is used to construct a relational model between the process parameters/alloy composition and ingot performance. At the process parameters or alloy composition optimization stage, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the process parameters and alloy compositions respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the melting and casting production process dataset of aluminum alloy is constructed. Experiments show that our algorithm can automatically optimize the process parameters or alloy compositions in a short time, and significantly improve the performance of ingots. The proposed method is an important guideline for practical production.


In this note we will answer the following questions: (1) what is the source of second order chromaticities in RHIC? (2) what is the dependence of second order chromaticity on the on-momentum {beta}-beat? (3) what is the dependence of second order chromaticity on {beta}* at IP6 and IP8? To answer these questions, we use the perturbation theory to numerically calculate the contributions of each quadrupole and sextupole to the first, second, and third order chromaticities.


Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or allergic alveolitis (AA), encompasses an ever-expanding group of alveolar filling and interstitial pulmonary diseases which develop as the result of repeated, intense exposure to certain organic dusts of appropriate particle size. The initial pneumonitis is characterized by granulomatous, lymphocytic infiltrates that usually resolve when the offending antigen is removed; however, long-term exposure may lead to chronic interstitial fibrosis and irreversible lung damage. As more information becomes available through development of animal models and in-depth analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens, it is apparent that the pathogenesis of the disease is more complex than previously appreciated. Early investigation of the disease established that symptomatic patients produce specific IgG and IgM precipitating antibody to the environmental antigen inciting the alveolitis. This finding led to the early hypothesis that a classic Type III or immune complexinduced mechanism, with activation of complement and neutrophil chemotaxis, was responsible for the tissue injury [1]. Population studies, however, reported that a large number of asymptomatic individuals exposed to antigen produced precipitating antibodies without evidence of lung disease. Along with the mounting evidence from many studies that cell-mediated hypersensitivity mechanisms played an important role in HP/AA [2-6], this finding de-emphasized the role of antibody or immune complex-mediated injury in disease pathogenesis. More recent observations, however, strongly indicate that immune complexes per se can both release proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-a from BAL cells and induce pulmonary granuloma formation [7,8]. J. Warren et al. induced an acute immune complextriggered alveolitis in rats by intratracheal delivery ofIgG antibovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by intravenous infusion of BSA. The BAL fluid collected during the evolution of the acute alveolitis showed a tenfold increase in BAL TNF-a within four hours. In addition, mouse anti-TNF-a antibody given together with the antiBSA, significantly reduced the lung injury and influx of neutrophils [8]. Thus, it is likely that both humoral and cellular mechanisms play important roles in the pathogenesis of HP/AA.


Mars general circulation models, used to study the atmosphere of Mars, have developed almost in parallel with terrestrial weather and climate models. These models are now being confronted with a large amount of new spacecraft data, which is allowing the models to be validated more rigorously. This paper briefly reviews the current state of Mars models, highlighting areas of current development and particular challenges. The way in which models can be used to help to interpret observations, via data assimilation, and the way in which model results can be of help in planning for future missions are both discussed.


The laser-cladding technique for welding ofbridge wires is reported for the first time.The essen-tial feature of this technique different from the cur-rent methods is the realization of mutual melting ofworkpieces.Thus the stability of products is im-proved in an order of magnitude.The main pointsof the technique and the microanalyses of the weld-ing spot and other features are given.The techniquepresented is a novel method of welding between tinypiece and workpiece of different sizes and proper-ties.


Indoor air temperature is the most important control parameter in air conditioning systems. It not only impacts the thermal comfort of occupants, but also also greatly affects the energy consumption in air conditioning systems. The lower the indoor air temperature is in summer or the higher the indoor temperature is in winter, the more energy the air conditioning system will consume. For the sake of energy conservation, the indoor air should be set as high as possible in summer and as low as possible in winter. Meanwhile, indoor thermal comfort should be considered. This paper will establish the optimal indoor air temperature for an air-conditioning system aiming at both energy savings and thermal comfort in the Shanghai area, based on the PMV equation and extensive field investigation.


T HE writer looks upon the consumer cooperative movement as offering a healthy and effective corrective influence in controlling the abuses of consumer rights and interests by the producers and private trade, and as one of the typical phenomena attending the evolution of our economic society from a production to a consumption era, from an age of deficit to one of surplus. Whether or not consumer co6peration is the final scheme by which a


The invention relates to a method for computer-aided calibration of a run-time-based localization system, wherein in the localization system concerning the collection of run-time-based variables (RTT) of a plurality of base stations (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) of a radio network, the position of a mobile object (O) in is determined to a predetermined environment, said runtime based size (RTT) of a respective base station (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) the duration of a signal between a radio unit of the mobile object (O) and the respective base station (AP1, AP2,. .., AP4) represents. According to the invention the mobile object (O) is moved in the predetermined environment, and thereby a plurality of measurement times, the running time-based variables (RTT) of the respective base stations (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) are detected. The minimum value (min) of the run-time-based variables (RTT) of a respective base station (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) is a predetermined minimum distance (dmin) of the mobile object (O) (to the respective base station AP1, AP2, ... , AP4) is assigned and the maximum value (max) of the run-time-based variables (RTT) is a predetermined maximum distance (dmax) of the mobile object (O) from the respective base station (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) is assigned. Finally (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) is for a respective base station a predetermined dependence between the distances (d) of the mobile object (O) to the respective base station (AP1, AP2, ..., AP4) and the run-length based ...


The three most common pediatric anxiety disorders—separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety—share the same underlying construct of anxiety, have significant symptom overlap, are highly comorbid with one another, and show similar familial relationships and continuity with adult anxiety and depressive disorders. For these reasons, the three disorders are often grouped together as they are in this section. The three anxiety disorders are described separately here; however, the reader should note that each etiology and treatment section is informative with regard to separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety.


In this paper, we discuss bounds and approximations for the decoding threshold of LDPC codes over the q-ary partial erasure channel (QPEC), introduced in [1]. The QPEC has a q-ary input, and its output is either one symbol or a set of 2 ≤ M ≤ q possible symbols. We show how an upper bound on the decoding threshold can be derived using a single-letter recurrence relation, when M > q/2. In addition, we discuss complexity issues in the calculation of the threshold, and provide two approximation models that lead to reasonable results with a fraction of the complexity required for the exact calculation.


The reaction of 3CaO,Al2O3 with water in the presence of CaSO4,2H2O is investigated in suspensions and in pastes. In both, essentially the same sequence of reactions is found, the hydration products being (in the order of their appearance) ettringite, hydrous alumina, calcium aluminate hydrate monosulphate, and sulphate-free hexagonal aluminate hydrates. In pastes, indications of water transport as an important factor in determining the reaction rate are found. Acceleration of the reaction after consumption of most of the sulphate ions present is probably due to chemical conversion of a retarding hydrate layer.


183 Introduction. ............ .................. .... .............. ......... ......... ..... 184 Overview ........ ..... ................. ....... ........ ....... 184 The Anatomy of DCG Formation 185 The Genetic Perspective 186 Protein Sorting into ISGs 187 Protein Sorting in DCG Biogenesis: An Overview 187 Protein Aggregation as a Sorting Mechanism 188 Defining the Sorting Aggregates 190 Targeting Aggregates to Membranes 191 Membrane Protein Sorting 193 Vesicle Budding and Maturation 195 Mechanisms ofImmature Secretory Granule (ISG) Budding 195 Protein Sorting in ISGs 197 Structural Maturation ofISGs 199 Functional Maturation of ISGs 200


Previous attempts to distribute XP have failed to adequately solve the problem in one of two ways. Some systems, such as MILOS [1] have failed because they are based as an ad. hoc. integration of existing tools rather than a system specifically designed for the purpose. Other systems, such as Joto and Rito-Silva's "adaptive workflow" [2] have failed because they do not support all the crucial features of XP, such as pair programming.


Leaves of the majority of plants contain calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals or druses which often occur in spectacular distribution patterns. Numerous studies on CaOx in plant tissues across many different plant groups have been published, since it can be visualised readily under a light microscope (LM). However, there is surprisingly limited knowledge on the actual, precise distribution of CaOx in the leaves of quite ordinary plants such as common native and exotic trees. Traditional sample preparation for the documentation of the distribution of CaOx crystals in a given sample – including overall distribution – requires time‐consuming clearing procedures. Here we present a refined fast preparation method to visualise the overall CaOx complement in a sample: The plant material is ashed and the ash viewed under the polarising microscope. This is a rapid method which overcomes many shortcomings of other methods and permits the visualisation of the entire CaOx content in most leaf samples. Pros and cons in comparison with the conventional clearing technique are discussed. Further aspects for CaOx investigations by micro‐CT and scanning electron microscopy are discussed.


A high-sensitivity, low-cost, ultrathin, hollow fiber micro bubble structure was proposed; such a bubble can be used to develop a high-sensitivity strain sensor based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI). The micro bubble is fabricated at the fiber tip by splicing a glass tube to a single mode fiber (SMF) and then the glass tube is filled with gas in order to expand and form a micro bubble. The sensitivity of the strain sensor with a cavity length of about 155 μm and a bubble wall thickness of about 6 μm was measured to be up to 8.14 pm/με.


Proteolysis during ripening of full-fat and low-fat Cheddar cheese was investigated by applying reverse-phase HPLC to the pH 4.6 water-soluble N fraction of cheese. The separated N compounds were divided into four MW ranges. The number of separated peaks and the amount of N compounds separated in each of the MW ranges increased with ripening time. Significant within-cheese, within-variety, and between-varieties differences in the amounts and proportions of N compounds with different MW were observed as related to ripening time. Reverse-phase HPLC of the pH 4.6 water-soluble N fraction of cheese can provide detailed quantitative information on proteolytic activities during ripening.


In this paper, a new value set based approach is presented to study the robust stability of a fractional order plant with parametric uncertainty of the interval type by using a fractional order proportional integral controller. The concept of interval uncertainty means that the parameters of the system transfer functions are uncertain parameters that each adopts a value in a real interval. Based on the zero exclusion principle, it is necessary to check whether the value set of the characteristic polynomial for the infinite frequency range [ 0 , ∞ ) includes the origin or not. To this end, in this paper, an auxiliary function is defined. The sign of this auxiliary function within a finite frequency range verifies whether the origin is included in the value set of the characteristic polynomial or not. The upper bound and the lower bound of this finite frequency range are obtained using the triangle inequality. Finally, the results of the numerical examples are provided, which confirm the effectiveness of the paper results.


ABSTRACT This paper analyses the implementation of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors as vibration sensors along a rail in order to obtain usable signals of sufficient interest for weigh-in-motion and axle counting. Particular attention is also paid to the advantages of these new sensors. This study was completed by numerical analysis of the stress transfer caused by train passage to the track in order to better discern and understand the location and orientation of these sensors. Different data processing methods were tested to estimate the train speed and weight. The results obtained are compared to strain gauge data as well as train manufacturer data (for train axle loads) and video recordings (for train speed). A good agreement is observed between these different results, demonstrating the applicability of FBG sensors to monitoring applications.


It is shown that the theory presented in II can be extended to systems of interacting electrons as well, and consequently, isoelectronic species continue to show a systematic variation of their physical properties with nuclear charge.


Two eukaryotic parasites were found infecting the bloom-forming marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The most common was an oomycete; the ...


The definition of "virtual" is near and reality is what we experience as human beings. So the term "virtual reality" basically means "near reality". This study tried to understand the difference in Self Esteem of Adolescents who is completing a Successful Task in Real Life Environment and in Immersive Virtual Reality experimentally. The investigator may randomly select 60 adolescents within the age group of 13 to 19 years old. These subjects may be regard as the representatives of the population. In this experiment, the experimenter wishes to have two values or conditions (real life and virtual reality). Accordingly, 80 adolescents will be divided into two groups (40 as experimental group and 40 as controlled group). The samples are matched with respect to age and sex. The samples who fail successfully in completing the task will be excluded from the study. Two randomized group design in between-group design will be carried out to assess whether two different groups can differentiate self-esteem between real and virtual experiences. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire (SUS) were used for the study. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test and ANOVA were employed for the data analysis. The result revealed a significant increase in selfesteem of adolescents after completing the task both in an Immersive virtual reality environment and a real environment than before doing the task. Thus it can be interpreted that tasks which can give positive affirmations can be used in interventions of adolescents with low self esteem. There is no significant gender differences in self-esteem of adolescents who are completing a successful task in immersive virtual reality but in the real environment, the females showed higher self esteem than the males who are completing a successful task. There is no significant difference in presence and self esteem of adolescents completing a successful task in the real life environment against those completing the task in virtual reality. However, there is slight increase of mean difference of Self Esteem among students successfully completing a task in virtual reality than those completing the task in real environment.


Data mining techniques are applied in building software fault prediction models for improving the software quality. Early identification of high-risk modules can assist in quality enhancement efforts to modules that are likely to have a high number of faults. Classification tree models are simple and effective as software quality prediction models, and timely predictions of defects from such models can be used to achieve high software reliability. In this paper, the performance of five data mining classifier algorithms named J48, CART, Random Forest, BFTree and Naïve Bayesian classifier(NBC) are evaluated based on 10 fold cross validation test. Experimental results using KC2 NASA software metrics dataset demonstrates that decision trees are much useful for fault predictions and based on rules generated only some measurement attributes in the given set of the metrics play an important role in establishing final rules and for improving the software quality by giving correct predictions. Thus we can suggest that these attributes are sufficient for future classification process. To evaluate the performance of the above algorithms Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Accuracy measures are applied.


Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from purified virions of Shope fibroma virus (SFV) (by using DNA from Microccocus lysodeikticus as marker) had a buoyant density of 1.6996 i 0.0003 g/ml), hence a guanine plus cytosine (G + C) content of 40.4 i 0.3%7,, which is close to the G + C content of the DNA of susceptible rabbit cells (40.9 ± 0.4%C) and different from that of vaccinia virus DNA (35.5 + 0.4%). For the determination of the molecular weight of DNA, SFV and vaccinia purified virions, treated with Pronase and detergent, were cosedimented in sucrose density gradients. Results showed that SFV-DNA has a molecular weight of about 153 x 106 daltons. By electron microscopy, only one molecule corresponding to this value was observed (its length was 80.3 ,im). The others had a median size of 49.8 Am ± 0.9.


The purpose of this study was to examine students' perceptions of mentoring in a university cooperative education (co-op) program. Within this setting, students report to a supervisor. This supervisor has direct responsibility for the student and may influence the quality of the co-op experience by providing a mentoring role. A need existed to examine the interactions between students and supervisors during this transitional phase between school and work. Results from this study could be used as a source of information for enhancing student-supervisor interactions in co-op and for increasing awareness of the role mentoring may play in shaping the co-op experience. The design of the study utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component, a web-based version of Raymond Noe's (1988) Mentoring Functions Scales was used to examine the psychosocial and career-related functions of mentoring. Factorial ANOVA and one-way ANOVA techniques were used to test the null hypotheses and to determine interactions between the independent variables of gender, ethnicity, and length of time in the co-op program and the dependent variables of the psychosocial and career-related functions of mentoring. In the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted to illuminate the findings from the quantitative phase. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis and emergent themes. The six themes that


PURPOSE
Voxel-based dosimetry is potentially accurate than organ-based dosimetry because it considers the anatomical variations in each individual and the heterogeneous radioactivity distribution in each organ. Here, voxel-based dosimetry for 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy was performed using single and multiple voxel S-value (VSV) methods and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. To verify these methods, we adopted sequential 177 Lu-DOTATATE SPECT/CT dataset acquired from Sunway Medical Centre using the major vendor's SPECT/CT scanner (Siemens) METHODS: The administered activity of 177 Lu-DOTATATE was 7.99 ± 0.36 GBq. SPECT/CT images were acquired 0.5, 4, 24, and 48 h after injection in Sunway Medical Centre. For the multiple VSV method VSV kernels of 177 Lu in media with various densities were generated by GATE simulation first. The second step involved the convolution of the time-integrated activity map with each kernel to produce medium-specific dose maps. Third, each medium-specific dose map was masked using binary medium masks, which were generated from CT-based density maps. Finally, all masked dose maps were summed to generate the final dose map. VSV methods with four different VSV sets (1, 4, 10, and 20 VSVs) were compared. Voxel-wise density correction for the single VSV method was also performed. The absorbed doses in the kidneys, bone marrow, and tumors were analyzed, and the relative errors between the VSV and Monte Carlo simulation approaches were estimated. Organ-based dosimetry using OLINDA/EXM was also compared RESULTS: The accuracy of the multiple VSV approach increased with the number of dose kernels. The average dose estimation errors of a single VSV with density correction and 20 VSVs were less than 6% in most cases, although organ-based dosimetry using OLINDA/EXM yielded an error of up to 123%. The advantages of the single VSV method with density correction and the 20 VSVs over organ-based dosimetry were most evident in bone marrow and bone-metastatic tumors with heterogeneous medium properties.

CONCLUSION
The single VSV method with density correction and multiple VSV method with 20 dose kernels enabled fast and accurate radiation dose estimation. Accordingly, voxel-based dosimetry methods can be useful for managing administration activity and for investigating tumor dose responses to further increase the therapeutic efficacy of 177 Lu-DOTATATE. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


monitoring. Intracranial tumours are on occasions known to produce a parkinsonian syndrome with rest tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity.23 Another type of tremor that has been described in association with intracranial masses is "rubral tremor". Involvement of the red nucleus and the decussating fibres of the superior cerebellar peduncle by lesions in the midbrain region has been implicated in the production of "rubral tremor".4 In both these instances, the tremor is present at rest, although rubral tremors may be aggravated by maintenance of a posture or goal directed movement. Postural tremors can theoretically occur in isolated cerebellar hemispheric lesions including mass lesions, but this manifestation is rarely seen in clinical practice. The cerebellar connections with the brainstem, especially the superior cerebellar peduncle, should be spared for a postural type of tremor to occur. An intention tremor results if these connections are involved.4 The postural tremor caused by cerebellar lesions is a slow tremor of 4 to 5 Hz and is thought to result from hypotonia of the affected limbs.4 The postural tremor in our case was unexpected considering the location of the mass in the thalamus with compression of the adjacent basal ganglia. The structures likely to be affected by the cyst include the basal ganglia and their connections, dentatorubrothalamic fibres, and the thalamic nuclei. Lesions of these structures are not known to produce isolated postural tremors. The mass in our patient could be expected to produce a rest tremor. Even an intention tremor is conceivable considering the possible compression of the superior cerebellar peduncle by the cyst. As mentioned, only discrete lesions of the cerebellar hemisphere have been considered to cause postural tremors and our patient had neither hypotonia nor involvement of the cerebellar hemispheres. The tremor in our case was contralateral to the side of the tumour and responded to aspiration of the cyst contents, suggesting that the pressure exerted by the cyst on adjacent neural structures was in some way responsible for the production of the tremor. To the best of our knowledge there has been no previous report of unilateral postural tremor caused by a thalamic or basal ganglia lesion. VEDANTAM RAJSHEKHAR Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632004, India


Willmar Sauter and David Wiles. The Theatre of Drottningholm-Then and Now: Performance between the 18th and 21st Centuries.Stockholm: Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, 2014. xv + 296 pp. $40.00 USD (paperback). ISBN 9789187235924 (print). ISBN 9789187235917 (PDF).In July 1766 Queen Dowager Lovisa Ulrika of Sweden officially opened her new private theatre on the grounds of the Palace of Drottningholm, a domain on the outskirts of Stockholm. The new Drottningholm Palace Theatre (Drottningholms Slottsteater in Swedish), created by the architect Carl Frederik Adelcrantz, replaced an older theatre, which had burned down in 1762. Adelcrantz designed the building on a relatively modest budget, cutting costs wherever he could. The result was a relatively small and plain-looking pavilion, which on the interior was beautifully but cost-effectively decorated with stucco, papier-mâche, and trompe-l'oeil decorations. In 1778 Lovisa Ulrika handed over the theatre to her son King Gustav III, heralding a golden age for the Drottningholm stage. The number of performances increased, and the repertoire expanded, with much attention going to opera, including the works of Christoph Willibald Gluck.The golden age of the Drottningholm Palace Theatre came abruptly to an end in March 1792, when King Gustav was assassinated (the events would later be the inspiration for Verdis opera Un bailo in maschera). Theatrical activity quickly diminished, until it ceased entirely some twenty years later. Subsequently the former theatre was used for various purposes, and its theatrical role was largely forgotten until theatre and literature historian Agne Beijer "rediscovered" the building in 1922.What Beijer had uncovered was a near-perfect time capsule of a Baroque theatre, with its original painted sets and its complex stage machinery, including everything needed for scene changes a vue, storm effects, and flying gods. Soon, the Palace Theatre would again become the stage for regular theatrical performances. Eventually, this time capsule with its 400-seat auditorium would lend itself for experiments with lighting, scenography, and historically informed performance practices, concerning both music performance and acting techniques. In 2016 the theatre cele- brates its 250th anniversary, despite having to operate on a relatively small budget.Although a number of books on the Drottningholm Palace Theatre have appeared over the years, including Agne Beijer's seminal Drottningholms Slottsteater (1981) and Barbro Stribolts beautiful catalogue of the surviving sets {Scenery from Swedish Court Theatres [2002]), there is no recent book (in English) available which offers a general overview of the history and architecture of the theatre and of its repertoire. With The Theatre of Drottningholm-Then and Now: Performance between the 18th and 21st Centuries, Willmar Sauter (Stockholm University) and David Wiles (University of Exeter) partly fill that gap. …


has been done in the past fourteen years on the problems they discuss, especially in the interpretation of accounting procedures (see Louis C. West and Allan C. Johnson, Currency in Roman and Byzantine Egypt [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1944] and the several articles by V. B. Schuman and D. S. Crawford listed by Day on p. 285 of the present work), the arguments and conclusions contained in them still merit the careful attention of experts. In Appendix I Keyes, on the basis of a careful analysis of the register published as BGU, IX, 1896 (c. A.D. 166), arrives at a distinction, for purposes of taxation, between garden land as such and garden land which is included in parcels of vineyard land. He also concludes that olive land and parcels of combined olive and palm land were assessed at 350 copper drachmas per aroura for paragoge elaias (at any rate, in Theadelphia about A.D. 166). In Appendix II the geometria, the largest tax assessed on areas of vineyard and garden land (50 silver drachmas per aroura on vineyards and 25 on garden lands) is examined with special attention to P. Mich IV, and it is concluded that in this instance the assessment covers a fouryear period, and might be met by half payments in the first two years, or by quarter payments extended over the whole period. In Appendix III, the longest, the most difficult, and the most closely reasoned, the calculation of prosdiagraphomena (a surtax normally at the rate of about 1/16) is analyzed, and it is shown that the ancient accountant devised and used the same simple set of fractions to calculate percentages of amounts of grain and of amounts of money, and thus established a facile mathematical relationship between dry measure and currency which greatly simplified his figuring. In Appendix IV it is argued from Hadrian's decree of the spring of A.D. 136 (P. Oslo III, 78), relaxing tax collections, and P. Columbia I Recto 2, that the distress which prompted the relief was caused by bad Niles, either in the autumn of A.D. 129 or A.D. 130, or in both years.


Sociocultural sources and the role of collage thinking in the system of the fine arts and art culture of the developed countries of the XX century are studied in the present research. On the example of modernist and post-modernist art evolution of manifestations of collage thinking is analyzed. Collage principles in the plane of a picture and objective art are considered.


Objective
To evaluate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in intrathecal dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Methods
Eighty clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 9-10 weeks, weighing 300-350 g, were divided into 4 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), spinal cord I/R group (group I/R), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and dexmedetomidine plus ERK signaling pathway blocker PD98059 group (group P). Spinal cord ischemia was produced by cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta distal to the left renal artery for 25 min followed by reperfusion to establish the model of spinal cord I/R injury.Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at 20 min before establishing the model in D and P groups, PD98059 2 mg/kg was given via the tail vein at the same time in group P, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and I/R groups.Five rats were selected at 6, 8, 10 and 12 h of reperfusion, and the modified Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to assess the hindlimb locomotor function.Five rats were sacrificed after assessing the locomotor function at 6 h of reperfusion, and the L3-5 segments of the spinal cord were taken for determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) (by Western blot). The apoptosis index was calculated.

Results
Compared with group S, the BBB scores were significantly decreased at each time point of reperfusion, the apoptosis index was increased, and the expression of p-ERK was up-regulated in the other three groups (P 0.05). Compared with group D, the BBB scores were significantly decreased at each time point of reperfusion, the apoptosis index was increased, and the expression of p-ERK was down-regulated in group P (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The mechanism by which intrathecal dexmedetomidine reduces spinal cord I/R injury is related to activating ERK signaling pathway in rats.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine; Reperfusion injury; Spinal cord; Extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinases


Background: High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-TMS) is preferred to fluorescent polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as it only measures active drug. Our hospital replaced FPIA with HPLC-TMS for analysis of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) levels. Preliminary studies demonstrated significantly lower CNI levels with HPLC-TMS versus FPIA in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Most studies evaluating CNI exposure in KTRs used FPIA, posing challenges in interpreting HPLC-TMS levels. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety outcomes in the one-year period before (FPIA period) and after (HPLC-TMS period) the switch. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on KTRs receiving ciclosporin (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK). Primary effectiveness end points were biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); safety end points were viral infections and hospitalisation for infection. The secondary end point was change in CNI levels during the FPIA versus HPLC-TMS periods. Results: A total of 307 patients were analysed (CsA n=182, FK n=125). BPAR only occurred in two patients in the HPLC-TMS period among the CsA cohort (p=0.50), but it occurred in six patients in the FPIA period and one patient in the HPLC-TMS period (p=0.13) among the FK cohort. Median eGFR were similar in both periods (CsA: 52.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range (IQR) 39.8–67.6) vs. 52.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 37.1–68.0), p=0.65; FK: 57.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 39.1–80.0) vs. 56.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 33.5–76.7), p=0.08). There were no significant differences in safety outcomes. The median change in CNI levels from the FPIA period to the HPLC-TMS period was –20.5% (IQR –32.5 to –3.9) and –6.9% (IQR –17.7 to 8.0) among CsA and FK cohorts, respectively (p<0.01). Conclusion: The switch from FPIA to HPLC-TMS for CNI TDM in KTRs did not yield significant changes in clinical end points.


Scientific pluralism has gained supporters in philosophy of science during the last decades, since it seems to accurately account for the plural and varied development of science. Arguments in defense of robust, non-merely epistemic pluralistic positions can be found in several contemporary philosophical works. According to these positions, to hold pluralism does not suppose to assume an epistemic position regarding truth and a non-realistic view on scientific theories. Monism can be thought as the "natural" opponent of scientific pluralism. In this paper, we will evaluate the alleged rivalry between the two positions, paying special attention to those riskier, ontologically more robust, pluralistic proposals. We will argue that these strongest versions of pluralism fail to offer an alternative to monism: they either changes the topic or hold a weak skepticism that Hegel develops in the  Phenomenology of the Spirit .


Rotary actuator with damping mechanism: in a housing (2) provided in the cylinder bore (3), a in the cylinder bore (3) provided rotatable rotor (4), one on the rotor (4) mounted wing, which oscillate in the cylinder bore forward and backward and can be rotated, a stopper (6) which defines a rotation end position of the wing (5), two pressure chambers (10a, 10b) formed between the wing (5) and the stopper (6), two supply ports (11a, 11b) for the supply of compressed air to the pressure chambers (10a, 10b) and an air pressure attenuation mechanism for damped stopping the blade at a rotation end position in the forward and / or reverse direction, characterized in that the damping mechanism (12) has two seals (9a, 9b) which are mounted at different positions on the wing (5), a first opening (15) for the discharge of exhaust air through the rotating blades (5) from the pressure chamber (10a, 10b) is pushed out, without limitation of the flow to a ...


Observations of chromospheric activity variations for some lower main-sequence stars from the Mount Wilson Observatory's HK project reveal a cyclic behavior comparable to the sunspot cycle. Even in the relatively short interval that they have been observed, those stars show stellar cycles and other features, like grand minima. The quasi-periodic nature of such variations is not completely compatible with the standard Fourier analysis, so we applied a wavelet analysis to study the nature of regularities in the data. We computed wavelet transforms and energy spectra for the 25 yr records of surface magnetic activity in four stars: HD 3651, HD 10700, HD 10476, and HD 201091. We present a modified wavelet technique that is suitable for analysis of data with gaps and find that the common aliasing problems due to the finite length of the observations and irregularly spaced gaps between data can be reduced on both large and small scales by applying this algorithm.


The present study discussed the thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen liquefaction process to build a hydrogen liquefaction pilot plant with a small capacity (0.5 ton/day). A 2-stage Brayton cycle utilizing LNG/LN2 cold energy was suggested to be built in Korea for the hydrogen liquefaction pilot plant with a small capacity. Thermodynamic analysis on the effect of various variables on the efficiency of hydrogen liquefaction process was performed. As a result, the CASE in which the ortho-para conversion catalyst was infiltrated inside the heat exchanger showed the best process efficiency. Finally, thermodynamic analysis was performed on the effect of turbo expander compression ratio on the hydrogen liquefaction process and it was confirmed that an optimal turbo expander compression ratio exists.


Master´s thesis Viral and Guerilla Marketing in Culture rises on the definiton of viral marketing as a way of spreading information and guerilla marketing as an attitude. Viral spreading of the information is as old as the advertisment itself but new media provided another dimension and context. For art viral and guerilla marketing represent utilized capacity as culture can take advantage of its viral character (spreading) and guerilla character (fight for a better world, surprise moment, search for new ways of promotion). Basic statement of this thesis is that cultural organizations do not trade on the potential of viral and guerilla marketing. The statement was confirmed by analysing the audience of arts, specifics of arts marketing compared to the marketing of goods, defining viral´s and guerilla´s strong points and weaknesses, activation of the public space in favor of arts and in last but not least analysing of the case studies and research of knowledge and usage of viral marketing in Czech arts organizations.


to be conscientiously implemented, be they in education or urban employment. More importantly, it is regrettable that Brownstein, a political scientist, deals with no notable political implications of the data he has so assiduously collected. Evidently the children of the African upper class constitute the bulk of the students joining the better-managed government secondary schools. In addition, the results of several research projects at the Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, indicate that 'graduates' from such schools are favoured in job allocations over those from harambee and private schools who hold the same academic qualifications. One pertinent question which Brownstein might therefore have addressed himself to is whether his research confirms the emergence of'mandarin' families in the Kenyan socio-political hierarchy. A system which accumulates rewards to those families with an advantage in acquiring an education will obviously have a profound impact on social stratification, patterns of political conflict, and rural development. In the same vein, Meek might have considered the political and economic difficulties that will be inevitably encountered if the desired standards in the distribution of social services are to be attained.