Screening for antifungal activity of garlic powder against mycelia growth of three post-harvest pathogens (Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Mucor species) was investigated in this study. Five grams of malt extract agar (MEA) were poured into a conical flask, 100 ml of water and different weight of garlic powder (1, 3, 5 and 7 g) were separately added, stirred and later sterilized while MEA medium with no garlic added (0 g) served as control. The mycelia of each post-harvest pathogen was cut with 6mm cork borer and placed on the solidified medium in the Petri dish and incubated at 28±2oC for 72 hours. Phytochemical screening of the garlic powder was also investigated. Results from this study showed that the different weights of the garlic powder apart from the control (0 g garlic) significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of the three post-harvest pathogens tested in the study and the order of antifungal activity of the garlic powder against mycelia growth of Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Mucor species  was 7 g > 5 g > 3 g > 1 g > 0 g, 5 g > 7 g >1 g > 3 g > 0 g and  7 g > 5 g > 3 g > 1 g > 0 g respectively. The antifungal activity of the garlic powder may be related to the presence of active antimicrobial agents including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides that were detected in the powder.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2635824


This paper summarized and analyzed the physical and chemical properties,application fields,and domestic and foreign markets status,manufacturing technology and limiting factors of biobutanol.To promote the sustainable development of biobutanol industry,several proposals about technological improvement and development direction were made.They included improvoment of strains,increase of butanol tolerance and production ratio;development of efficient fermentation technology and separation technology with low energy consumption;expansion of raw material,and development of new production technology of cellulosic butanol,ect.


In this paper, a study progress was reviewed briefly on chemical composition, pharmacoligical effects, clinical applications of Pumpkin seeds (Semen Moschatae). Pumpkin seeds contain several major groups of constituents: fatty acids, phytosterins, amino acids, vitamins and mineral substances. They have such functions as driving out parasites, lowering cholesterol, preventing oxidation, resisting inflammation, reducing hypertension, decreasing pressure on the bladder and urethral, with very low toxicity. They have their clinical applications in teniasis, chistosomiasis, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia,bladder stimulus symptoms and urolithiasis.


PART I: PRINCIPLES AND ISSUES: THE BACKGROUND. 1. STRESS CONCEPTS, THEORIES, AND MODELS. Common Sense and Not-So-Common Definitions of Stress. Formal Definitions of Stress. Distinguishing Stress from Other Emotive States. In Sickness and in Health: Health Status and Social Roles. Building Theories: The Explanatory Stories of Science. Varieties of Biological Stress Theories. The Diathesis-Stress Model. Varieties of Psychological Stress Theories. Varieties of Social Stress Theories. Making Sense of the Confusion. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Answers and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. Comments on Self-Study Exercises. 2. STRESS RESEARCH: LOGIC, DESIGN, AND PROCESS. Being Scientists and Being Consumers. Modes of Thinking in Science. The Logic of Scientific Method. Case Studies: The Intensive Analysis of One. Ex-Post Facto Studies: Looking Back. Ecological Momentary Assessment: Remote Observers. Correlational Designs: What Is the Relationship? Clinical Research: Pre-Post Intervention Designs. Epidemiology: The Science of Epidemics. Meta-Analysis: Analyzing the Analyses. Animals in Stress and Health Research. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Comments on Self-Study Exercises. Answers for Self-Study Exercises. PART II: BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF STRESS. 3. THE COGNITIVE STRESS SYSTEM: ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND EXPECTATIONS. Labels, Guesses, and Gaps. Anticipations: Hope and Despair. Cognitive Science: Probing the Mysteries of Mind. A Model of Mind: Information Processing. Schemata and Personal Constructs. Perception: Stress is in the Eye of the Beholder. Perception, Deprivation, and Overload. Memory: I Don't Remember It That Way. Appraisal Processes in Stress. Factors Contributing to Stressful Appraisals. Secondary Appraisal, Self-Efficacy, and Mastery. Attributions, Beliefs, and Health. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Analysis and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. Answers and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. 4. PERSONALITY AND STRESS: TRAITS, TYPES, AND BIOTYPES. Persona: What Lies Behind the Mask. Classic and Contemporary Definitions of Personality. Varieties of Personality Theory. General Models: The Personality-Health Connection. Coronaries, Type A, and Hypertension. The Depression-Prone Personality. The Cancer-Prone Personality. Personality and Smoking. The Alcoholic Personality. Biotypes or the Disease-Prone Personality: The Final Score. Control, Hardiness, and Self-Esteem. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 5. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS: THE BRAIN, BODY, AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS. Mind, Brain, and Body: Some Definitions. Charting the Back Roads of the Mind. The Brain: Its Role in Stress and Health. Natural Defenses: The Immune System. The Cardiovascular System. The Digestive System and Ulcers. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. PART III: SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND STRESS. 6. STRESS IN THE FAMILY: ADJUSTMENT, CONFLICT, AND DISRUPTION. Focus on the Family. A Case Study in Family Stress. Family Stress: Problems in Definition. A Transactional Theory of Family Stress. Transitional Stress. Separation and Divorce. The Single-Parent Family. Violence in the Family. Battered Wives. Sexual Abuse of Children. Positive Coping in the Family. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Answers and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. 7. JOB STRESS: DISSATISFACTION, BURNOUT, AND OBSOLESCENCE. Dimensions of Job Stress. Defining Job Stress. The Costs of Work Stress. Symptoms of Work Stress. Sources of Work Stress. Are Boredom and Monotony Really Stressors? Technostress: The Changing Faces of Jobs. Job Burnout: The End of Work Stress. Work Stress in Special Groups. Telecommuting or the Electronic Sweatshop? Coping with Job Stress and Burnout. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 8. SOCIAL SOURCES OF STRESS: SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND LIFE-CHANGES. Case Studies in Road Rage: The Benign and Malignant. Cutting to the Chase: Possible Causes of Road Rage. Stress and Illness: The Origins of Social Theory. A Search for Social Stressors. Stress and Social Change. Life-Change, Stress, and Illness. Life-Change Units: The Empirical Story. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Do Stressful Life Events Really Produce Illness? The Case Against Life-Change and Illness. Race and Socioeconomic Status. Coping with Social Change. Religion and Beliefs: Influence on Coping and Health. Coping with Victimization. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A First Look. Fear-The Victim's Jailer. Victimology: Investigating Criminal-Victim Relationships. Barriers to Effective Prevention. Coping with the Aftermath of Criminal Assault. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 9. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS: DISASTERS, POLLUTION, AND OVERCROWDING. Environment and Ecology. Theories of Environmental Stress. Categories of Environmental Stress. Natural Disasters. The Aftermath of Mount Saint Helens. Technological Disasters. Buffalo Creek and Three Mile Island. Coping with the Effects of Disaster. Noise Pollution. Coping with Noise Pollution. Air Pollution. Stress and Overcrowding. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. PART IV: COPING, RELAXATION, AND IMAGERY. 10. COPING STRATEGIES: CONTROLLING STRESS. Coping Cameos: Struggles and Strategies. Coping Terminology: Origins and Definitions. Coping Categories: Problem-Focused versus Emotion-Focused Coping. Coping Resources: Assets and Support. Coping Strategies: Combative and Preventive Coping. Coping Efforts: What Can You Do to Cope with Stress. Coping Styles: Reactive and Proactive Coping. Building Coping Skills. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 11. PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION: PREMISES AND PROCESS. Progressive Muscle Relaxation: The Promise. From Promise to Premise. A Cognitive-Behavioral View of Relaxation. From Premise to Preparation. Relaxation: The Process. A Tension-Scanning Exercise. Moving On: When Can I Do Something with It? Getting Relaxed the Fast Way. Relaxing A Group of Muscles. Terrifying Slopes: Relaxation to the Rescue. Relaxing with a Word. Cue-Controlled Relaxation at School or Work. Differential and Graduated Relaxation. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 12. COGNITIVE AND IMAGERY TECHNIQUES: AUTOGENICS, DESENSITIZATION, AND STRESS INOCULATION. Imagery: The Core of Relaxation. Autogenics: Imagery-Based Relaxation. Managing Specific Fears. Managing Specific Fears with Desensitization. The Three Keys to Desensitization. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Cognitive Restructuring. Stress Inoculation: Preparing for Stress. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 13. THE CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES: MEDITATION AND BIOFEEDBACK. The Mysterious God-Men of India. The Highroad of Meditation. Transcendental Meditation: A Western Mantra Yoga? The Relaxation Response: Secular Meditation. Biofeedback: Electronic Euphoria or Practical Tool? Listening to Your Body. But Is It Good for Anything? Biofeedback: The Final Score. Should I Try Biofeedback? Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. PART V: STUDENT STRESSORS, NUTRITION, AND EXERCISE. 14. STUDENT SURVIVAL SKILLS: TRANSITIONS AND THE PAPER CHASE. A Gallery of Students and Stressors. A Typology of Student Stressors. Time Management for Students. Why Study Time Management? Seven Deadly Sins of Time Mismanagement. Self-study Exercise: Finding Your Time Management Weaknesses. Positive Time Management. Hints for Effective Time Management. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 15. BEHAVIORAL HEALTH STRATEGIES: NUTRITION AND EXERCISE. Stress and Health: Links to Nutrition and Exercise. Unhealthy Behaviors: Diet and Sedentary Lifestyles. Effects of Stress on Metabolism and Diet. Effects of Diet on Stress. Eating Right: Balancing Energy Intake. Vitamins: Use or Abuse and Addiction? Eating Light. Exercise, Health, and Stress. Preparing for Exercise. Exercising for Fitness. Barriers to Effective Exercise. The Exerciser: A Psychological Profile. Marathon Running: The Myth of Coronary Immunity. Exercising for Weight Control. Precautions for Exercise Programs. Behavioral Self-Control: Principles for Sticking with It. Summary. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. APPENDIX. RELAXATION INSTRUCTIONS. Preparation. Getting Started with Relaxation. Instructions for Relaxation. Preparing Your Own Relaxation Instructions. Instructions for Reducing the Steps by Grouping Muscles. Cue-Controlled Relaxation Instructions. References. Subject Index. Name Index. Credits. Photo Credits.


Objective To explore the significance of inspiratory capacity changes in the rate of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after inhalation of bronchodilator.Methods Group of COPD patients with 130 cases,79 cases of non-COPD patients,all patients underwent conventional pulmonary function tests.Results The IC rate of change is calculated by FEV1/FVC as the "gold standard",it used to determine the ROC curve of COPD,the best cut-off point of 8.4376%,a sensitivity of 86.9% and a specificity of 83.5%.Conclusion IC rate of change in the inhaled bronchodilators have better diagnostic value for COPD,it can be used for the diagnosis of COPD.


In order to improve the food quality safety in China,the optimization model is built with the object of the expected utility maximum to research on the effect of the price on the optimal quality when the food supply chain consisting of the risk-averse supplier and the risk-averse manufacturer is integrated, decentralized led by the manufacturer,or decentralized led by the supplier.The conclusion shows that the quality determined by the main member of the supply chain who is nearer to the market demands or the leader increases by the food price increase,and the quality determined by the other is affected by the food price directly and indirectly.Finally,the numerical study analyses the important role of the quality sensitiveness in the food market for the effect and some suggestions are provided according to the conclusion.


In this article the author focuses on the one of the primary research problems in the case of European systems of criminal procedure law (the shape of the mutual relations between preparatory and court proceedings, and in strict terms, the system of relations between groups of procedural facts that make up the indicated phases (stages) within the course of the proceeding). Bearing in mind the fact that the clarification of the relevant facts of the case is the prism of the general aim of criminal procedure and what goes with it, the settle criminal liability, Author shows relations between preparatory and court proceedings as a chain of functionally interconnected procedural facts. This article shows also the views expressed by the Authors of different systems of law, like: polish, german and French about the shape of the mutual relations between preparatory and court proceedings. The author also shows his own views within the scope of its subject.


Households behave systematically in family planning and intra-household resource allocation. A neglected area in historical health studies is the relationship between body mass index (BMI), health and family size. Using robust statistics and a large nineteenth-century BMI data set, this study uses an overlapping generations model to explain resource allocation within the household and illustrates that there is a positive relationship across the BMI distribution with family size. There is also a positive relationship between BMIs and average wealth, and an inverse relationship between BMI and inequality. After controlling for family size and wealth characteristics, there was a positive relationship between BMI and worker's agricultural rural status. JEL: N3, D1, I1


Multisensor data fusion combines data and information from multiple sensors to achieve improved accuracies and better inference about the environment than single sensor alone. This paper presents a technique for fusing the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and optical image at same scene using wavelet transform (WT) algorithm. Before fused the two images, a image registration affine transformation algorithm is presented at first, then selecting the maximized WT coefficient between SAR image and optical image, and inverse WT algorithm is executed using the selecting coefficient which described the typical target characters and presented the dominant information in their images. The results are given at last in figures formula and qualitative evaluation formula.


We present the application of computer algebra systems (CAS) to symbolic construction of algebraic equations describing different ordered as well as stochastic magnetic structures. We start with formal and exact, however non-tractable from the numerical point of view, Callen equations. Then, we apply the integral operator method (based on the integral representation of Dirac delta function) and use CAS to reformulate the related mathematical problem in terms of polynomial equations ready for numerical treatment. The complexity of the problem depends exponentially on coordination numbers of magnetic/nonmagnetic components, and by this, it makes the presented computer add approach the only possible method to treat complex multicomponent thin films and dilute multilayered structures. As two examples, we present the CAS add construction of related equations for binary alloys A^CB^1-C with structural disorder (Z^A = 2, Z^B = 4) and site-diluted thin film with n = 8 monatomic planes.


Medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a widely accepted treatment option for patients with bone-on-bone medial tibiofemoral compartment osteoarthritis, intact cruciate and collateral ligaments, and mild deformity. Performed well in properly indicated patients, UKA results in a faster recovery, more-normal kinematics, and a lower incidence of arthrofibrosis and other early complications compared to TKA [16]. However, UKAs are more likely to undergo revision than are TKAs according to some registry studies [3, 16], highlighting the need to identify patients at high risk for early revision surgery sowe can inform them about this risk, and perhaps suggest alternative treatments. Kozinn and Scott [10] suggested restricting UKA indications based on age, weight, activity, presence of chondrocalcinosis or inflammatory arthritis, patterns of cartilage loss, and preoperative ROM. They also proposed that varus deformity be no greater than 10° for medial UKA and passively correctable to neutral at the time of surgery after removal of osteophyte [10]. Although primarily a statement of expert opinion, this pioneering work continues to influence thinking about appropriate indications and contraindications for UKA. Researchers from the Oxford group [6] have challenged these narrow indications, reporting comparable Oxford Knee Scores, improved Tegner Activity Scores and Knee Society Function scores, and fewer patients with poor Knee Society Objective scores when wider (though clearly defined) indications are followed. Registry data show UKAs have the lowest rate of reoperations when performed by surgeons with high UKA utilization relative to TKA [11], suggesting that broad indications may both allow surgeons to develop greater technical proficiency and offer the relative benefits of UKA to a larger percentage of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). These broadened indications remain controversial, with other investigators reporting higher early reoperation rates when traditional criteria are not met, such as when UKA is performed on patients with morbid obesity [14]. While accepted indications for medial UKA have emphasized the importance of any varus deformity being small and correctable, published evidence shows overcorrection into valgus is a major risk factor for progression of lateral compartment arthritis [7]. The authors of the current study [9] used objective radiographic criteria to identify patients at risk for overcorrection at the time ofmedialUKAusing a specific manual technique and instrumentation. Knees correctable near neutral alignment on full extension valgus stress radiographs were at increased risk for overcorrection. Greater magnitudes of medial meniscal extrusion on MRI were associated with greater magnitudes of correction at surgery. Knees with both findings were at highest risk for overcorrection. These This CORR Insights is a commentary on the article "Valgus Correctability and Meniscal Extrusion Were Associated With Alignment After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty" by Ishibashi and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001260. One of the authors (MSH) certifies, or a member of his or her immediate family, has received or may receive payments or benefits, during the study period, an amount of USD (10,000 to USD 100,000), from Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA). The opinions expressed are those of the writer, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. M. S. Hepinstall MD (✉), NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 East 17 Street, Suite 1402, New York, NY 10003, USA, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


The municipalities of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are eligible to receive funds from the federal government of the United States. This study presents a descriptive discussion of the federal funding received by these municipalities during fiscal years 2005 to 2009. The findings of the audits performed in connection with these funds are also discussed. The results indicate that the municipalities in the sample received an average of $8.2 million a year in federal funding. The municipality of San Juan, the capital city of Puerto Rico, received an average of $126.5 million a year and was largest recipient of federal funds during the sample period. The results also indicate that 72.99 percent of the audits disclosed reportable conditions and 31.02 percent disclosed material weaknesses. In addition,auditors issued a qualified opinion report on 33.69 percent of the conducted audits. Lastly, 53.15 percent of all audited funds are associated with programs that disclosed audit findings.


For air-breathing propulsion systems intended for flight at very high Mach numbers, combustion is carried out at supersonic velocities and the process is mixing limited. Substantial increase in mixing rates can be obtained by fuel injection strategies centered on generating selected modes of supersonic, streamwise vortex interactions. Despite the recognized importance, and potential of the role of streamwise vortices for supersonic mixing enhancement, only few fundamental studies on their dynamics and interactions have been conducted, leaving the field largely unexplored. A reduced order model that allows the dynamics of complex, interacting, supersonic vortical structures to be investigated, is presented in this work. The prediction of the evolution of mutually interacting streamwise vortices represents an enabling element for the initiation of an effective, systematic experimental study of selected cases of interest, and is an important step toward the design of new fuel injection strategies for superso...


A compound of structural formula I: ** (See formula) ** or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl, arylalkyl and arylalkanoyl, where the arylalkyl and arylalkanoyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 6 groups; Each R6 is independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, -NO2, -CO2R10, -CN, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy; R2 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, arylalkyl and arylalkanoyl, where the arylalkyl and arylalkanoyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 6 groups; R3 is -ZQJ, wherein Z is selected from alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and alkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from alkoxy, hydroxy and halogen; Q is selected from a direct bond between Z and J, C (= O) -, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from alkyl, halogen, -NR8R9, and alkoxy; J is selected from -NR8R9, -NR7C (= O) NR8R9, NR 7 C (= O) alquilNR8R9, -NR7C (= O) OR9, -C (= NR7) NR8R9 and -NH-C (= NR7) NR8R9, wherein R7 is selected from H, CN, NO2, alkyl, alkanoyl, arylalkanoyl and -C (= O) NR10R11, wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from H, alkyl and R8 and R9 are independently selected from H, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, where each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R6 groups; or R8 and R9 and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5-, 6- or 7, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2 or 3 groups independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy and halogen; or R7, R8 and the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycloalkyl group of 5, 6 or 7 members which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy and halogen; and R9 is selected from H, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, where each of the above is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R6 groups; R4 is selected from H, alkyl and arylalkyl, where the arylalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 6 groups; and R5 is -MGA, where M is selected from aryl and heteroaryl, wherein M is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups independently selected from halogen, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, -CN, haloalkoxy and hydroxyalkyl; G is selected from a direct bond between M and A, CH2, -alkyl-O-, -O-alkyl-, O, S, SO and SO2; A is selected from aryl and heteroaryl, wherein A is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups independently selected from halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, haloalkoxy, -CN and NO2; with the proviso that when M is phenyl, G is a direct bond between M and A, and A is phenyl, then at least one of the four remaining hydrogen atoms on the phenyl ring of M, MGA, they are replaced by a group independently selected from halogen, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, -CN, haloalkoxy, and hydroxyalkyl.


Aluminium foams produced via the PM-process are characterized by a moderate specific strength, a high surface roughness, and a poor wear behavior; to increase their mechanical properties and to improve the surface finish, wear and corrosion resistance; thermally sprayed coatings can be applied. The quality of the coating depends on the coating material, the chosen process, the preparation of the surface and spraying parameters. Aluminium alloys and iron based alloys for abrasive applications were deposited via electric arc spraying, ceramic coatings against wear were deposited by means of plasma spraying. Hard metallic coatings for severe abrasive applications were applied by high-velocity-oxyfuel spraying (HVOF). The results proved the suitability of this technique to significantly enhance the mechanical properties and the surface finish of metal foams. The specific strength and stiffness of the new composite materials outperform pure metal foams. The corrosion behavior was tested performing a salt spray test.


The utility model relates to a built-up ball game fan cap, which is composed of a cap edge connected with the bottom ring of the cap into one unit and a hemispherical cap crown which can be optionally disassembled or assembled, wherein, the cap crown is formed by that 5 trapezoidal, 6 regular pentagonal and 10 regular hexagonal hollow or solid splicing sheets are spliced connected at the bottom ring of the cap according to a football pattern. The solid regular pentagonal splicing sheets at the top of the cap are provided with 3 insertable circular holes for ornaments, the position corresponding to regular pentagonal splicing sheets in the top of the cap is provided with bowl-shaped fixing pieces, and the cap edge can be inserted into bowl-shaped fixing pieces in an annular groove of the bottom of the regular pentagonal splicing sheets; the position that every two regular hexagonal splicing sheets or every two regular hexagonal splicing sheets in the shell crown are butt-jointed with the trapezoidal splicing sheets is provided with fixing sheets. The built-up ball game fan cap of the utility model can be arbitrarily assembled into the shell crowns with various colors and patterns according to fun's liking, and can replace solid or hollow sheets with seasonal change. The utility model is very order and obvious when ball game fans sit at a grandstand for watching a game, and therefore, the utility model is obvious to foil the climate of a whole court.


The utility model relates to an improved card edge connector, which comprises an insulation body and complex terminal groups which are held in the insulation body, wherein the complex terminal group comprises a first terminal group and a second terminal group which are all formed by complex terminals, the terminal comprises a base portion, a contact portion and a welding portion, wherein the welding portions of the first terminal group are surface adhesive pins, and the welding portions of the second terminal portion are direct insertion pins. The connector is firmly located on a circuit board through the engagement of two opposite methods, thereby strengthening the welding clamping force, resisting large external force, and increasing the circuit distribution area of the circuit board.


What is the potential for a "prairie truck farm" in Iowa? Investigators tried to determine if it was feasible to establish diverse production plots around the state, with seeds being collected and produced locally, and used as an alternative crop for farmers.


Advances in networking, high-end computers, large data stores, and middleware capabilities are ushering in a new era of large-scale, distributed applications, which dynamically marshal resources across a heterogeneous, distributed environment. With these opportunities come new challenges. The goal of this workshop is to encourage novel solutions to the complex issues that arise in large-scale applications of distributed computation and to promote the development of innovative applications that effectively use distributed resources and adapt to a wide range of heterogeneity and dynamics in space and time. This goal includes development, deployment, management, and evaluation of large-scale applications in science, engineering, medicine, business, economics, education, and other disciplines, on Grids and other distributed heterogeneous and dynamic computing environments. As such, the topics of this workshop span and integrate the work of many disciplines, from algorithms and programming models, to Grid systems middleware, to adaptive applications, data managers, and problem-solving environments that orchestrate the work of many components.


Global estimates of C stock changes in living forest biomass: EDGARv4.3 – 5FL1 time series from 1990 to 2010 A. M. R. Petrescu, R. Abad-Viñas, G. Janssens-Maenhout, V. Blujdea, and G. Grassi DG Joint Research Centre – European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) Air and Climate Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy DG Joint Research Centre – European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) Forest Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy


Phil BAMFORTH Principal Consultant Taylor Woodrow Leighton Buzzard, UK firstname.lastname@example.com row.com Muthena ALISA Research Engineer Taylor Woodrow Leighton Buzzard, UK email@example.com row.com Phil Bamforth has over 30 years experience in construction research and consultancy. He has been involved in many prestigious engineering projects including the Channel Tunnel and the Storebaelt Bridge in Denmark. His principal expertise is in concrete construction and service life prediction. He is coordinator of the EuroLifeForm project


I went to the Stanford University Department of Radiology's three-dimensional (3D) imaging laboratory from 1996 to 1999 to study a novel 3D image processing technique using electron beam computed tomography (CT). When I returned to Japan, I found that multi-slice CT had been available in daily practice since 1998. We have published a total of 152 peer-reviewed papers on diagnostic images in the field of cardiovascular disease. In 2003, when 16-slice CT was available for use in general hospitals, we successfully developed a prototype 256-slice cone-beam CT at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. We produced several papers discussing the utilities of this prototype CT in both animal and phantom experiments, the concepts and ideas that were currently used for cardiac perfusion and myocardium characteristic study. In 2010, our paper was used as a reference in the American College of Cardiology Foundation Expert Consensus Guideline. The our current topics presented include coronary artery stenosis, coronary arterial plaques, the characteristics of the myocardium, the anatomy of structural and congenital heart disease, and the cardiac function, all using 16-320 slice CT with reduced radiation exposure in CT acquisition. Furthermore, we are now performing novel clinical CT studies combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, and echocardiography. Using previous image data, we analyzed an epidemiology study using CT findings to predict the occurrence of major cardiovascular adverse events over long-term followup periods of more than 100 months (median), one of the longest follow-up periods documented in the literature. We also need to obtain accurate diagnoses for subjects with cardiac failure or fatal arrhythmia of unknown origin, allowing them to receive specific effective therapy for their possible cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, or Fabry's disease. Of course, in all CT imaging techniques used for evaluation and monitoring of cardiovascular risk, we also evaluated the harmful effect of radiation exposure for image acquisition. The technology of non-invasive modalities such as CT, echocardiography, or MRI will continue to develop; their diagnostic accuracies will increase, and the dose of radiation exposure and amount of usage of contrast material by CT will decrease. Finally, I hope to use CT as screening tool for symptomatic subjects to identify the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes or fatal ventricular arrhythmia, and hope to contribute to improve their prognosis.


Limited by the difficulty to gather per-pixel ground truth depth data, self-supervised depth estimation suggests an alternative approach to take advantage of large-scale dataset of autonomous driving scenes. Compared to binocular or multi-view stereo methods, depth estimation on monocular videos appears easy to implement. However, the scale-ambiguity of monocular videos prevents the metric-scale outputs of depth value and causes scale-shift that limits further application such as SLAM. In this paper we attempt to stabilize the scale of depth map by geometry consistency. Experiments on KITTI dataset illustrate that our method gains progress both on the depth and the visual odometry tasks.


For feature extraction based Gabor filters, the design of filter parameter is very important. In this paper, parameters are designed according to the appearance characters and the sensitiveness of the orientations of tank. Experimental results show that the method is effective. Besides, according to the characteristics of Gabor kernels function window, an adaptive feature extraction algorithm is put forward based on Gabor filter. In this algorithm, features are extracted with the multi-scale recognition of Gabor filter and the value of the extracted features are the maximum value in the defined windows. It is proved by the experiments that the novel feature extraction algorithm is effective both in data redundancy and image representation.


A framework for autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) path planning using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals and cellular long-term evolution (LTE) signals is evaluated through several simulations and experiments. The objective of path planning is to prescribe the optimal path for the AGV to follow to reach a desired target point. Optimality is defined as the shortest distance, while minimizing the AGV's position estimation error and guaranteeing that the uncertainty about its position is below a desired threshold. Path planning is prescribed via signal reliability maps, which provide information about regions where large errors due to cellular signal multipath or obstructed GNSS line-of-sight are expected. Simulation results are presented demonstrating that utilizing ambient cellular LTE signals together with GNSS signals 1) reduces the uncertainty about the AGV's position, 2) increases the number of feasible paths to choose from, which could be useful if other considerations arise (e.g., traffic jams and road blockages due to construction), and 3) yields significantly shorter feasible paths, which would otherwise be infeasible with GNSS signals alone. Experimental results on a ground vehicle navigating in downtown Riverside, CA, USA, are presented demonstrating a close match between the simulated and experimental results.


In the article new type of contract for lease of dwelling premise intended for social needs is analyzed. Peculiarities of contract were identified; its correlation with other types of contracts for lease of dwelling premises is carried out. The necessity of improvement of some provisions of housing legislation, regulating the contract for lease of dwelling premise intended for social needs in terms of indication of criteria for the determination of subject matter of a contract, its subject-matter, basis for the rescission of the contract is substantiated.


Stone monuments represent an important part of our world s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on monuments coupled with the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage has resulted in great efforts worldwide for monument preservation. Meaningful damage diagnosis is required for comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of the stone damage. In situ investigation of monuments makes an important contribution to damage diagnosis on stone monuments. The monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied objectively and reproducibly to all stone types and to all kinds of stone monuments. The consequent use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for precise registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damages is explained. It provides a modern contribution to improvement of scientific knowledge in the field of stone deterioration and it facilitates important information on the need, urgency and appropriate types of economic and sustainable monument preservation measures. Furthermore, it is very suitable for certification and control of preservation measures and for long-term survey and maintenance of stone monuments. The innovative evaluation strategy 'weathering forms – damage categories – damage indices' is based on a detailed classification scheme of weathering forms, that has been developed on the basis of investigation at numerous monuments worldwide considering different stone types and different environments. The methodological approach to systematic evaluation of stone damage -based on monument mapping is described and practical applications are demonstrated by means of some case studies.


Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of country of origin (COO) on Lebanese female consumers' attitudes and perceptions toward skincare and cosmetics products made in France or China. Structured questionnaires were used. Samples were collected using an online data collection method. Three hundred respondents fully completed the survey. One-way ANOVA, multinomial logistic regression, single and multiple regression analysis, and chi-square tests were adopted to test several hypotheses. The study found that consumers' level of involvement influences consumers' attitudes toward country of origin. COO information search and change in the perception appear not to be correlated in the case of China, contrary to that of France. The paper compensates some of the deficiencies in the literature concerning examining the effect of COO within the context of the cosmetics industry in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, particularly in Lebanon. It also delivers marketing insights for Chinese and French cosmetics and skincare companies pursuing to expand in the Lebanese market. Managers can use these insights to inform their future market communication and entry strategies.


Abstract:  Common variable immunodeficiency is the most common severe primary immunodeficiency. Most common variable immunodeficiency patients have progressive hypogammaglobulinemia involving all immunoglobulin classes, poor or absent antibody responses, and recurrent bacterial infections, usually of the sino‐respiratory tract. Some may present with complicated cutaneous infections like furunculosis (J Allergy Clin Immunol; 109: 581) or recurrent cutaneous warts. Here, we report the case of an 18‐year‐old male diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency who had extensive cutaneous warts that resolved within 2 months of starting weekly infusions of subcutaneous immunoglobulin.


A lead frame moving carrier and the lead frame moving method using the same are provided to input and output the lead frame without the damage of the deformation of the lead frame or chip. The size of the moving carrier(30) is determined by the receiving slot of the magazine and the size of the lead frame. The moving carrier comprises the accommodating part and the gripping part. The accommodating part is the part for accommodating the lead frame. The gripping part can mechanically catch the moving carrier and extends from the accommodating part and protrudes to the top and bottom. The groove part is formed in the accommodating part.


This paper presents a model for analysing the effects of public expenditure and government debt on the real interest rate and the long run growth rate. The model proposed for this purpose belongs to a class of endogenous growth theories with investment adjustment costs, in which savings and investment are co-determined through adjustments in the real interest rate. The equilibrium investment rate determines the long-run growth rate, because of constant returns to capital accumulation due to externalities of the "learning by doing" type. We set up and compare two versions of the model, one with a representative household and one with overlapping generations. It is shown that the representative household and overlapping generations versions of the model have similar predictions regarding the effects of technological and preference shocks. However, for the same parameter values, the overlapping generations model predicts lower savings and investment, higher interest rates and lower growth rates that the corresponding representative household model. In addition, the overlapping generations model is not characterized by Ricardian equivalence. Thus, an increase in government expenditure or public debt causes an increase in the equilibrium real interest rate and a reduction in the long run growth rate.


Everybody has a guarantee in the Turkish Republic most of the population are chiller and teenagers first of all principle of the sport should be given in the primary schools. I f we capture 1993, we have 490 primary schools, 228.758 students and 487 teachers of the physical education. These school once a just 10 saloons. Ali activates are not enough. There are some advices w ere offered.


Given such uncertainty, musicians fascinated by the phenomenon of musical repetition will applaud Margulis's call for real-world applications, connecting, as she says in a different context, what is 'documented in laboratory settings with the full extent . . .of repeated listenings to a piece' (p. 109). There may be examples of evidence and argument from relatively recent literature which couldhavestrengthenedsomepointsinMargulis's book. Her thoughts on the impact of recording technology on listening practices, particularly in chapter 4, intersect with or complement those in ArvedAshby'sAbsoluteMusic,MechanicalReproduction (Berkeley, 2010), which includes a full chapter on 'Recording, Repetition, and Memory in Absolute Music', as well as substantial discussion of Jacques Attali's 'repetition economy', to which Margulis refers only in passing by quoting from Robert Fink (p. 77). She might also have assimilated a musically and statistically clever piece of research that offers strong evidence of large-scale temporal repetitivity, 'Motive, Gesture and the Analysis of Performance' ( John Rink, Neta Spiro, and Nicolas Gold, in Anthony Gritten and Elaine King (eds.),NewPerspectives on Music and Gesture (Farnham, 2011), 267^92).That item could perhaps have inflected her discussion (pp. 121^2) of Bruno Repp's well-known 1992 research on 'Tra« umerei' (5http://www.haskins. yale.edu/SR/SR111/sr111_19.pdf4, accessed 14 April 2014). Rink et al. report remarkable findings concerning one parameter, large-scale 'temporalconsistency'astheytermit,whichseems to contribute significantly to what made one of Artur Rubinstein's mazurka recordings so 'individual', to quote from Repp's focal research question about that very pianist (Rink et al., pp.280^9;Repp,p.228 intheversioncitedabove). Similarly, A. Gabrielsson's 1987 article on the repetitivity ofminuscule performance inflections (pp. 118^20) was rather supplanted, or at least updated, by Eric Clarke's essay on 'Expression in Performance: Generativity, Perception and Semiosis', in John Rink (ed.), The Practice of Performance (Cambridge, 1995), 21^54çin which this reviewer must declare a modest interest as oneoftherecordedpianists. However, it iswelcome tobe stimulated to contemplate closely related literature. In general Elizabeth Margulis balances presenting the latest thinking with highlighting the received viewçthe latter being always a gutsy move in a quasi-scientific context where contemporaneity is such a priority.The dust jacket claims that On Repeat will 'captivate scholars and students' of 'music theory and history'. It is indeed a signal musical and intellectual achievement. JONATHAN DUNSBY Eastman School of Music


White rust (Albugo candida) progressed rapidly on a susceptible cultivar, RH 30 of mustard when there was RH ;;;,65 per cent and average temperature ~ 15°C. Staghead infection required higher RH besides low temperature. On cv RH 30 with delay in planting time from 15 September to 30 November 1985, there was sharp increase in infection of leaf as well as staghead phases. Plantings in December were more favourable for staghead formation. The resistant nature of RC 781 sustained infection even during epidemics. Yield losses in early sown crop could be avoided because of high temperature C> 15°C), low RH «60 per cent) and absence of rainfall which were unfavourable for pathogen and favourable for plant growth.


This paper introduces the platform based on intelligent dispatching technology support system and information visualization technology. And it researched and developed the large screen visualisation display system applied in power dispatching center,which can meet the needs of the power scheduling and information display,using information visualization technology and intelligent dispatch technical support system. Then analysis was made on the overall demand,architecture and key technology of the system and implementation strategy of visual themes,as well as the development trend of the large screen visual display technology.


Objective To study Yanhuning′s absorption in small intestine in rats.To provide a theoretical basis of oral enteric-coated preparation.Methods In this study we test Yanhuning′s absorption in small intestine in rat,we calculate the absorption rate by measuring the remaining Yanhuning dose on each time point.Results For the low concentration,middle concentration and high concentration of Yanhuning′s solution(6 μg·mL-1,1 mg·mL-1、1.4 mg·mL-1),the absorption rate Ka were: 1.64×10-2,5.87×10-3,8.26×10-3,and the absorption percentage were 0.89,0.55,0.69.For the 1 mg·mL-1 of Yanhuning's solution in the small intestine from different parts(duodenum,jejunum,ileum),the absorption rate were 1.11×10-2,1.20 ×10-2,0,and the absorption percentage were 86%,0.86%and 0.Conclusion Yanhuning have better absorption in small intestine,low concentration absorption were superior than high concentrations,so the drug was suitable for the preparation of small intestine positioning sustained and controlled release formulation


An object of the present invention, as a substrate for the package of the light emitting device, is a sufficient heat dissipation effect obtained from the light-emitting element, mass production, low cost mad miniaturized light-emitting element manufacturing method of the substrate for a package, and the light emission produced by the manufacturing method to provide a light emitting device used for a device package substrate. A method for producing a substrate for a light emitting device package having a metal thick part (肉厚 部) formed in the mounting position of the light emitting element lower side, having at least 1.0W / mK thermal conductivity made of a resin containing a thermally conductive filler (filler) the laminate having an insulating adhesive and a metal member, while releasing the export each member of the metal member having a metal thick part, comprises a lamination step of laminating and integrally.


In this paper, a framework for a system that will supervise the robot's action and behavior in the human-robot shared workspace is proposed. The function of the robot supervision system is to adaptively control the robot motion based on the human actions in order to optimize the productivity of a task while ensuring human safety. The real-time perception of the human action and environment will be done using a motion capture setup. The inspiration for the framework based on a human behavior model is explained. The aspect of human-robot interaction in an industrial setup is also discussed. An evaluation criteria of the proposed system in terms of safety, performance and productivity is also presented.


The copolymerization of DL-LA and 3-BMG was carried out in bulk with stannous 2-ethylhexanoate as the catalyst. A series of copolymers with pendant protected groups were obtained and characterized by 1 H-NMR and GPC analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated by the Fineman-Ross method and the Kelen-Tudos method and found to be r B M G = 1.96 and r L A = 0.37, respectively.


In India there are many developed beaches such as beaches in GOA, CHENNAI and MUMBAI. However the need of developing the beach in Gujarat is rising considerably. As the Surat is in the phase of entering the SMART CITY it becomes necessary to have a developed beach as the tourism place. Therefore the government will soon undertake development of over dozen beaches along, the 1600 km coastline of Gujarat. Suvali, near Surat district will be amongst the first beaches to be developed by the state, "Suvali alone is pegged to attract investments of Rs 5,000 crore. The model of development is not yet fixed" claimed by state tourism minister jay Narayan Vyas. Therefore it is preferable to developed Suvali beach as this beach is having sand rather than mud and suitable climatic conditions. Moreover it is surrounded by numbers of factories such as Larsen and turbo and though it is still undeveloped. As well as this beach lacks the public protection facility. Thus, we selected the project of "PLANNING PROPOSAL FOR BEACH DEVELOPMENT, CASE STUDY OF SUVALI BEACH".


The influence of magnetostatic interactions on a wire domain structure is investigated here using the simplest possible situation: a) the wire has perfect cylindrical shape, b) the magnetic anisotropy is uniaxial with the easy anisotropy axis parallel to the wire axis, c) the material parameters of the wire correspond to a soft magnetic case, Ms 2GtK1, where Ms is the saturation magnetization and K1 is the anisotropy constant. Axial and circular magnetization processes are studied in detail and the influence of surface defects on the domain wall mobility is considered.


For dynamic analysis of multi-layer commingling production not fully considering the influence of single-layer parameters,single well was used as the study object,based on the analysis of multi-layer reservoir seepage mechanism,a multi-layer reservoir seepage mathematical model was established.To solve the mathematical model through semi-analytic method,bottom hole pressure response curves and the layered production curves of commingling well were plotted.On this basis,analyzed the influence of formation coefficient ratio β,storage capacity ratio ω and skin factor S on the bottom hole pressure dynamics and layered production of multi-layer reservoir were analyzed.The result shows formation coefficient ratio is the main factor to affect the homogeneity of inter-layer recovery percent.


The aim of the investigations was to determine the effect of interaction between individual aphidophagous groups and their developmental stages on their occurrence in Aphis fabae Scop. colonies in the initial period of the pest population development on syringa bush. The obtained values of Agrell indices were low for individual predator groups and their developmental stages. Among the analyzed predator groups the highest mutual tolerance was stated for Syrphidae and Coccinellidae. Syrphidae eggs and larvae, Syrphidae eggs, and Coccinellidae eggs were often found in the same aphid colonies. A high value of Ag index for Syprhidae eggs and Formicidae resulted from a high frequency of both organisms mentioned above.


The Oromo, who constitute nearly half the population of Ethiopia, are the largest single national group in the Horn of Africa. For political reasons they have been denied a history, but this study establishes that they were indigenous to Ethiopia with a culture, religion and political institutions.


Gearboxes dynamics: the activity consists in advanced gear dynamic simulation with the finite element method using a rotating mesh approach. Test cases have been used to validate the approach together with comparisons with commercial software.


How to generate excel report template under Delphi environment,and how to create report according to the defined excel report template under Asp.net environment were introduced.It is a simple and flexible method suitable for user-defined report template.


Potential toxicity and nutritive value of wild apricot pomace (WAP) was evaluated in a 4 week feeding study in rats. WAP is a rich source of protein and contains major essential and non-essential amino acids. It also contains low levels of the cyanogenic glycoside-arrygdalin. Rats fed 30% WAP as dry feed with 4 or 15% casein showed growth inhibition, as evidenced by poor weight gain and food efficiency ratio, whereas wetting of the meal with water ameliorated these effects. The results of this study revealed that WAP is a rich source of good quality protein and any toxin present in it, e.g., amygdalin, could be detoxified by wetting with water. There were also no histological manifestations in the organs examined, attributable solely to the feeding of WAP in rats.


MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) is one of the science instruments of the ESA L-Class mission JUICE (Jupiter ICy Moons Explorer) to be launched in 2022 with an arrival at Jupiter in 2030. MAJIS will perform imaging spectroscopy through two channels: VIS-NIR (0.50 um - 2.35 um) and IR (2.25 μm - 5.54 μm). The Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) and the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) contribute to MAJIS with the characterization of the VIS-NIR Flight Model (FM) and Spare Model (SM) detectors, including the design, development and validation of the setup, and the data processing pipeline. Typical detector characterization measurements were performed during the campaigns but also calibrated measurements such as Quantum Efficiency (QE). Since some of the characterization measurements require different illumination conditions, temperature, beam uniformity, exposure time, and/or data acquisition procedure, the characterization setup is configurable for dark conditions, uniform light beam, and convergent beam with same focal ratio as MAJIS convergence optics. The thermal-vacuum characterization facility was completed at BIRA-IASB premises and was subjected to validation tests on late 2019 and early 2020. MAJIS VIS-NIR FM detector was delivered for its complete characterization in June 2020; SM characterization shall be performed after time of meeting. In this paper, we summarize the optical and thermal performances of the facility, the detector's mechanical integration method and its optical alignment into the setup, the security system implemented, the general operation of the setup during the characterization campaign, and FM preliminary result analyses.


Introduction Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder and it is unknown what causes individual variability in symptoms and cognitive ability. Objectives To examine the association between nine clinical predictors measurable at the onset of schizophrenia and five phenotype dimensions: positive, negative (diminished expressivity), negative (motivation and pleasure), disorganised symptoms and cognitive ability. Methods 852 participants (mean age 49 years old) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective depression were included from the CardiffCOGS cross-sectional sample. Phenotype dimensions were created using confirmatory factor analysis and a 5-factor model. Associations were tested using linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. A Bonferroni correction was applied for (p<1.1x10-3) for multiple testing. Results Age of onset of psychosis was significantly associated with positive symptoms (β=-0.18, p=4.0 x10-6). Lower premorbid IQ was associated with diminished expressivity (β=-0.25, p= 7.0x10-13), reduced motivation and pleasure (β=-0.23, p= 4.3x10-11), disorganised symptoms (β=-0.14, p= 7.6x10-5) and reduced cognition (β=0.54, p= 4.8x10-77). Poor premorbid social adjustment held associations with all except positive. Developmental delay was associated with reduced cognition (β=-0.35, p= 4.3x10-5). Cannabis use (year before onset), psychosocial stressors (within 6 months), childhood abuse and family history of schizophrenia held no associations. Conclusions Clinical indicators measurable at schizophrenia onset are associated with lifetime symptom variability. A younger psychosis onset is associated with more severe positive symptoms, suggesting possible age-targeted management. Pre-established links of lower premorbid IQ with poor premorbid social adjustment and negative symptom severity with cognition are strengthened. Further investigation could potentially improve diagnosis and guide treatment choice for aspects of schizophrenia with poor outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.


A characteristic of the Russian legal-administrative literature, nearly until the end of the nineteenthcentury, was a predominance of the police manner of formulating functions and duties of public administration. It led to a lack of clear distinction between the sciencesof administration and of administrative law and to the distinct attenuatingof the latter science. It appears to have been the result of both the Russian tradition of exposing administrative-structural issues dating back to the close of the eighteenthcentury and the weakness of the domestic theory of administrative law, constantly colliding with the formal political-structural frameworks of the Empire. However, theworks of such authors as Wasilczikow, Kuplewskij, Iwanowskij, Tarasow or Jelistratow,although they were very few, were original in their content, and were the exceptions,setting the directionfor the development of Russian administrative sciences, and constituting a peculiar reference point in Russian legal-administrative literature. Although they were free of most of the defects that the works of their predecessors were affected with, they were also rather an attempt to adjust the new trends dominating in western European literature to the situation in the Russian Empire, which condemned them to the position of always being one step behind in relation to their French or German counterparts.


We describe a reduction process that allows us to define Hamiltonian structures on the manifold of differential invariants of parametrized curves for any homogeneous manifold of the form G/H, with G semisimple. We also prove that equations that are Hamiltonian with respect to the first of these reduced brackets automatically have a geometric realization as an invariant flow of curves in G/H. This result applies to some well-known completely integrable systems. We study in detail the Hamiltonian structures associated to the sphere SO(n + 1)/SO(n).


George Prochnik, the son of a Viennese Jew and the great-grandson of James Jackson Putnam, has written a fascinating account of the relationship between his great-grandfather, a Boston Brahmin neurologist, and Sigmund Freud, the Viennese Jewish neurologist who founded psychoanalysis. Putnam's association with Freud began during Freud's trip to the United States to deliver a series of lectures on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the founding of Clark University in Worcester, Mass. Though Putnam had been interested in Freud's work for several years and had read most of Freud's published papers at the time of their first encounter, he had misgivings about Freud's psychoanalysis as a method of treatment. Prochnik writes: ''He felt that analysis took too much time and demanded too thorough and degrading a generation of patients' histories to constitute any sort of redemption of psychotherapy''. Prochnik continues, ''Elements of the treatment could be useful, but nothing truly seized the higher Bostonians' imagination''. However, in Worcester, when Putnam heard Freud's lectures, he found them riveting. Putnam was so affected by his encounter with Freud that he invited Freud, Jung and Ferenczi to spend a weekend with him at his family compound in the Adirondacks (near Keene, NY) just so that he would be able to spend more time with Freud. Much has been written about Freud's visit to the Adirondacks, his encounter there with nature, his search for a porcupine (he found a dead one), and his game of tether ball with Francis, Putnam's 12 year-old child. The comings and goings of the foursome are described in some detail in the first two chapters of the book, The Utter Wilderness and To Find One's Porcupine, after which the book leaves the Putnam camp and turns to Putnam's development as a psychoanalyst, his interest in transcendental philosophy and spirituality; Freud's interest in religion and the occult; and the interaction of Freud and Putnam until Putnam's death in 1919. Along the way we watch them as they appear on various psychoanalytic and historical stages, the Weimar and Nuremberg Congresses, and the periods before, during and after World War I. We look in on Freud in Vienna, in Rome, on vacation. We learn about the relationships between Putnam and his wife Marian and his children, especially his daughter Molly (Prochnik's great-aunt), and the similarities between the relationship between Putnam and Molly and Freud and Anna, as well as the similarities in Molly's and Anna's professional careers. We also learn a lot about Freud's interaction with his followers Int J Psychoanal (2008) 89:199–229 199


Presents a waveguide cross slot as an antenna to radiate a circularly polarized wave. We propose to use vector eigenmode functions for a waveguide with a X-shaped cross section as unknown current basis functions in an analysis for the cross slot using the method of moments. We can understand the radiation mechanism of a circularly polarized wave in the cross slot from the mode excitation coefficients and accurately include the effect of the wall thickness, which cannot be neglected (for millimeter-waves especially). We calculate the vector eigenmode functions by using edge-based FEM. The amplitude and the orientation can be obtained without any numerical differentiations which are needed in the analysis with node-based FEM. We applied the vector eigenmode functions as the basis functions in the method of moments straightforwardly.


The present invention is a bearing device for the vibration-decoupled rotary mounting of an intermediate shaft to the engine block of a motor vehicle. This has the following features: a. a radial bearing having an inner ring for receiving the intermediate shaft and an outer ring, b. To be secured to the engine block of the motor vehicle, a bearing housing, which is intended and the radial bearing in a rotationally fixed manner to receive and form a mechanical interface for fixing the bearing housing to the engine block of the motor vehicle, wherein the bearing device further comprises at least one rubber-elastic damping element, which is intended to be arranged at an installation of the bearing housing to the engine block vibration damping between the bearing housing and the engine block.


A summary is presented of previously unpublished microbarographic data associated with atmosphere thermonuclear bomb tests in the Marshall Islands and in the Soviet Union from 1954 to 1962. Some effects of winds upon atmospheric pressure waves are indicated through study of wind conditions over the paths of propagation and through comparison with reported Japanese data. It is shown that, as well as the speed of the waves, the maximum amplitudes of wave-trains depend upon wind conditions so that estimates of the size of explosions must take into account prevailing winds. The possible usefulness of microbarograms in the study of upper atmospheric winds is indicated.


When the monopolistic advantage being introduced int o the modified optimal contract model, it can be found that the monopolistic advantage has an amplification effect on the executive behaviors of state-owned monopoly enterprises. Only by including the monopolistic advantage in the remuneration contracts, can the problem of the distorted executive compensation resulted from the amplification effect be solved. This paper selects the relative data from state-owned monopoly enterprises during 2001-2010, estimates the executive contributions of the state-owned monopoly enterprises by making use of the difference values between the actual performance and the expected performance,and conducts a test on the rationality of the executive remuneration contracts of the state-owned monopoly enterprises through the matching degree between executive contribution and executive compensation. The study finds out that the existing executive compensation contracts in state-owned monopoly enterprises are not reasonable, mainly in the form of receiving higher compensation with less contribution.


Rumor is a typical social phenomenon.This paper introduces reaserches of rumor phenomenon since the second world war and some rumor propagation models,summarizes the characteristic of the exi-ting models and their progress.This paper indicates that some problems such as complexity,mental mech-anism,butterfly effect and evolvement from disorder to order must be paid close attention,and multi-disci-plinary theory such as public opinion propagation must be utilized,in order to establish agent-based rumor propagation model on the complex network.


The notion that just about any Joe Blow can walk in off the street and take over a classroom is gaining ground. It makes me nervous. No, more than that: it infuriates me. We should squash once and for all the idea that schools can be adequately staffed by 32 bookkeepers and a plumber. The right teacher-proof curriculum is not sufficient; children need real teachers, and real teachers must be trained. Nor am I charmed by the idea of signing up out-of-work computer programmers and retired professors to teach math and science. The mass media like to scoff that current certification requirements would keep Albert Einstein from teaching in the public schools. That news is not all bad. Is there any evidence that Einstein worked particularly well with young children? A Nobel Prize does not guarantee excellence in the classroom. Having sat through more stupid education courses than I wish to recall, I am not altogether comfortable defending schools of education. But I suspect that the blame for worthless courses lies as much with the teachers who take them as with the professors who teach them. As a group, we teachers are intransigently anti-intellectual. We demand from our professors carry-out


Employing qualitative approach, this article examines ontological foundation and qualification of the concept of ma'rifah promulgated by Ibn 'Ata' Allâh al-Sakandari. The concept of ma'rifah of Ibn 'Atâ' Allâh deals with two things. The first is the spiritual condition of Sufi (the holy experience), i.e. an existential experience of a Sufi. The second is Sufi's expressions in the form of symbols, gestures, and ta'bir (an expression born from spiritual experience). Ibn 'Atâ' Allâh itemized the latter category into two different conditions, namely in-consciousness condition and ecstasy (unconsciousness condition). The study finds that his concept of ma'rifah can be ontologically categorized into three forms, namely spiritual experience, reflection of spiritual experience, and discourse of ma'rifat Allâh. Within spiritual experience, a sâlik is immersed in witnessing (shuhud) of God. This is the highest condition of ma'rifah. In reflection of spiritual experience, a Sufi spontaneously and unconsciously expresses his/her thoughts due to the lavishness of unrestrained spiritual flavors. The discourse of ma'rifat Allâh takes a safe position in the perspective of ordinary people by tying the ma'rifah with shari'ah and morality (akhlâq). Borrowing Mehdi Heiri Yazdi's terms, these there form are called mysticism, the language of mysticism, and meta-mysticism.


The present Master's thesis deals with the learning environment as a way of teaching and its potentialities for the construction of the knowledge of the babies, aiming to investigate the ways of organizing a school environment that support and promote the learning of the babies. The investigation was carried out from the follow up of the practice of a teacher of a Municipal Center for Early Childhood Education, located in the city of Salvador / Ba. The methodological course of this study is anchored in the qualitative research, with approximations with the assumptions of the action research. Photographs, filming, interviews and the itinerant daily were used as instruments for data collection. After being collected, the data were analyzed using the content analysis technique idealized by Bardin (2011). Research reveals the importance of the school environment, understood in this study as a learning environment for the trials of babies. Thus, it is evident the relevance of the teaching strategies of a teacher, since these will, from a sensitive view of the interests and needs of the babies, will select the elements for the later investigations of the babies. The necessary selection, organization and availability of the materials in a learning environment are also emphasized, as well as fostering the autonomous posture of the babies, will potentiate their investigations and discoveries, making possible the construction of their knowledge.


For the workflows of the management of research projects,a safe and efficient project declaration and audit system based on WEB adopting J2EE framework and MVC using the self-designed automatic-generation application system of PDF intelligent document are designed and implemented.The system has been applied successfully in the project declaration in 2008.


A new reactor for pyrite oxidation using horizontal pipes has been proposed as a substitute for the traditional autoclave in order to reduce the operating costs. The process of pyrite oxidation is characterized by a multi-phase multi-component flow system. Using the powerful tool of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) a theoretical multi-dimensional model has been developed. The model takes into account the complex chemical reactions and the physical processes involved in pyrite oxidation, such as oxygen mass transfer and water evaporation. The model simulation results basically account for the real case of pyrite oxidation. The pyrite oxidation in two horizontal pipes with a length of 20 centimetres and 200 centimetres has been investigated respectively under the same operating conditions. It is fairly evident that the pipe length has a significant effect on the distribution of dynamic parameters in the pipe. The consumption rate of oxygen in the pipe with 200 centimetres length is much higher than that in the pipe with the length of 20 centimetres. The comparison confirms that the reaction of pyrite oxidation is a rather slow process. In order to enhance the conversion rate of pyrite ores, a sufficient residence time must be provided.


Some solid propellants have a self-quenched property at intermediate pressure. Based on such a characteristic, an active thrust magnitude control of a solid rocket motor has been demonstrated before. Appropriate throat areas presented dual combustion mode in the same motor configuration. The thrust was modulated, alternating the high mode and the low mode. The present experimental study examined the scaling-up effect of the motor size on the dual combustion mode. Although the allowable condition of the dual combustion mode became restricted, it was shown that the motor can control the thrust four times as high as the previous one. A new simplified mode transition system from the high mode to the low mode was introduced. The layered grains with some fuel-rich interfacial laminae induced the semi-active transition. The thickness of the interfacial lamina should be selected carefully.


General characteristics of the informal sector in Russia, its nature, the pros and cons has been described in the article.


Based on the actuality of commercial forest resources in commercial forest base of Sichuan Zhongtiandi Corporation,this paper estimated the annual final yield of commercial forests in a variety of ways,analyzed and demonstrated the rationality of the methods and results,and determined the rational annual final yield of this base.


Objective Study on the effect of lumbago plaster anti-inflammatory action.Method Through determining prostaglandin E2 and histamine in local tissue around the nerve root of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion model rat,and researching anti-inflammatory effect by using rat agar granuloma and ear swelling of mice induced by xylene.Result(1)compared with the model group,prostaglandin E2 content in the middle dose and the high dose group decreased significantly,histamine content in the low group,middle group and the high group decreased obviously,the difference was significant.(2)compared with the control group,the weight of granuloma in the low,middle and the high dose group decreases obviously,the difference was significant.(3)compared with the control group,ear swelling in the low,middle and the high dose group decreases obviously,the difference was significant Conclusion lumbago plaster can significantly reduce nerve root local inflammatory mediators,it also have inhibited effect on acute inflammation and chronic inflammation.


Epitaxial BiFeO_3 nanoislands were fabricated on SrTiO_3(100) single crystal and Nb-doped SrTiO_3(100) single crystal substrates by chemical assembled method.Their phase structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,and atomic force microscope,respectively.The results showed that epitaxial BiFeO_3 nanoislands could be obtained by post-annealing in the temperature range of 650-800℃,and their lateral sizes were in the range of 50-150 nm and height of 6-12 nm.With increasing the post-annealing temperatures, the morphology of BiFeO_3 nanoisland in the(100) growth plane evolved from tri-angle to square,and then to long rod shape.By using piezo-force microscope,ferroelectric characteristics of single epitaxial BiFeO_3 nanoisland grown on Nb-doped SrTiO_3(100) single crystal substrates with lateral size of about 50 nm and height of 12 nm was characterized.The results demonstrated that fractal ferroelectric domains existed in the single BiFeO_3 nanoisland,and self-biased polarization effect was also observed within the nanoisland.This phenomenon was ascribed to interfacial stress caused by the lattice misfit between the BiFeO_3 nanoisland and the SrTiO_3 single crystal substrate.


From embryological consideration; (Keith* 1948; Hasvey & Burr, 1926; Johnstone, 1946) the two layers of meninges i.e. pia a nd arachnoidmater as well as the brain are developed from the ectodermal tissue, whereas, the duramater is developed from mesderm. It is not distinctly clear, why the mycobacterium tuber* culosis has affinity for the tissue derived from ectoderm and not for those derived from mesoderm, and that is why, the brain and spinal cord together with pia and arachnoid are involved in this disease process but the duramater escape.


We report the findings of a unique nation-wide experiment to price access to U.S. public lands. In 2004, the U.S. Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act mandated the creation of a new annual pass to cover all federal recreation sites that charge an entrance or access fee. Our task was to assist federal policymakers in determining an appropriate price for this new pass. Toward that end, we administered a national telephone survey to over 3,700 households and used contingent valuation to estimate households' willingness to pay (WTP) for the new pass at different prices. Our innovative experimental design allows us to estimate three distinct components of hypothetical bias in order to calibrate our WTP estimates against actual purchasing decisions. In a sample of the general U.S. population – most of whom have little experience with similar federal passes – respondents tend to greatly exaggerate their WTP for the pass when contrasted with previous pass sales. A sample of recent pass purchasers, however, exhibits little bias, confirming other recent research showing that market experience can mitigate hypothetical bias. Calibrated for bias, our results indicate that the $80 pass price ultimately adopted by policymakers implies an increase of nearly 2.5% in total revenue relative to the former pass, priced at $65, but a 4.5% loss in potential revenue absent any such pass.


The utility model discloses an automatic feeding device, which comprises a conveying cabin accommodating materials, a lifting mechanism for driving the conveying cabin to lift, a feeding reclaiming mechanism positioned at the two ends of the conveying cabin and a control system electrically connected with all the parts, wherein, the conveying cabin comprises at least one material changing box, the material changing box is in the shape of a cylinder with openings at the two ends and is horizontally arranged, and the feeding reclaiming mechanism comprises a feeding part positioned at one end of the conveying cabin and a material receiving part positioned at the other end of the conveying cabin. Then, the conveying cabin can be arranged on the lifting mechanism after materials are placed in the conveying cabin in layers; and the feeding part can push out one layer of the materials, the material receiving part can reclaim the well processed materials to the conveying cabin after the completion of processing under the instruction of the control system, and the lifting mechanism can ascend or descend a material interval under the instruction of the control system, thereby completing one circle of the feeding and reclaiming work, and greatly improving the production efficiency.


We analyze the investment menus offered within 401(k) pension plans to the employees of the largest finance and non-finance firms. Within the sample of finance firms, we distinguish between finance firms that hire an external independent trustee and finance firms that serve also as a trustee of their own pension plan. We find that employees of finance firms with an external trustee invest less in sponsor equity and options affiliated with the trustee as compared to those of non-finance firms and of finance firms with an internal trustee. The changes of mutual funds on the investment menu offered by finance firms with an independent trustee are also more sensitive to past performance and their plan participants benefit from the removal of underperforming mutual funds. These findings suggest that greater financial sophistication among plan participants and the sponsoring company can improve the quality 401(k) menus, but only when it is accompanied with an independent governance structure.


In multiorbital materials, superconductivity can exhibit new exotic forms that include several coupled condensates. In this context, quantum confinement in two-dimensional superconducting oxide interfaces offers new degrees of freedom to engineer the band structure and selectively control 3d-orbitals occupancy by electrostatic doping. However, the presence of multiple superconducting condensates in these systems has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we use resonant microwave transport to extract the superfluid stiffness of the (110)-oriented LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface in the entire phase diagram. We evidence a transition from single-band to two-band superconductivity driven by electrostatic doping, which we relate to the filling of the different 3d-orbitals based on numerical simulations of the quantum well. Interestingly, the superconducting transition temperature decreases while the second band is populated, which challenges the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. To explain this behaviour, we propose that the superconducting order parameters associated with the two bands have opposite signs with respect to each other.


This bachelor degree thesis deals with problems of a selection of the experiments in inor-ganic chemistry lessons at secondary school. Students aren´t usually interested in chemistry very much so it is necessary to make it more interesting. Chemical experiments can be useful to engage students by this subject. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a prac-tical part. The theoretical part focuses on inclusing chemistry into the natural science, work in a labo-ratory and on a didactic concept of chemical experiments during lessons. The practical part deals with the sum of chemical experiments for teaching inorganic chemistry at secondary school. This thesis gives layout of chosen experiments and their practical verifying. Consequently the thesis gives advice how to implement the recommen-dations into the school educational programme for the chosen secondary school.


AIM
The study examined the response rate, response duration and toxicity of maintenance treatment (CMT) and non-maintenance treatment with capecitabine (non-CMT) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Between September 2009 and July 2013, a group of 82 patients with MBC, who had progressed after anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy, was treated with a capecitabine-based chemotherapy and divided into two groups. 54 patients received CMT 1.5 g twice a day from days 1 to 14, and 28 patients achieved non-CMT. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The median age of patients treated with CMT and non-CMT was 57 years (range 38-78) and 50 years (range 37-77). The evaluation of treatment effect was possible in all patients.

RESULTS
The overall response rate (ORR) was 29.7% (16 cases), including 3 (5.6%) complete responses (CR) and 13 (24.1%) partial responses (PR). Stable disease (SD) was observed in 7.4% of patients receiving CMT (54 patients). In the group receiving non-CMT, ORR was 3.6% (1 case). The median PFS in CMT group was 36 weeks, while in non-CMT group was 24 weeks. The most common adverse event was hematologic toxicity (74.1%), with the incidence of grade 1-2/3-4 was 70.4% and 3.7%. Hand-foot syndrome was the most frequent non-hematologic form of toxicity, occurring in 70.4% of cases. There were no treatment-related deaths.

CONCLUSIONS
CMT is an effective and safe treatment for pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients. And CMT appears to be a more efficacious treatment than non-CMT.


Recognizing outcomes of DNA repair induced by CRISPR-Cas9 cutting is vital for precise genome editing. Reported DNA repair outcomes after Cas9 cutting include deletions/insertions and low frequency of genomic rearrangements and nucleotide substitutions. Thus far, substitution mutations caused by CRISPR-Cas9 has not attracted much attention. Here, we identified on-target point mutations induced by CRISPR-Cas9 treatment in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by Sanger and Illumina sequencing. Different from previous studies, our findings suggested that the on-target mutations are not random and they cannot render the gRNA effective. Moreover, these point mutations showed strong sequence dependence that is not consistent with the observations in Hela cells, in which CRISPR-mediated substitutions were considered lacking sequence dependence and conversion preferences. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the NHEJ components Ku70, Ku80, Mre11, or RAD50, and the overlapping roles of non-essential DNA polymerases were necessary for the emergence of point mutations, increasing the knowledge on CRISPR-Cas9 mediated DNA repair.


Contents: Preface, Paul Schnabel Preface, Friedrich Losel Editors' summary, Rolf Loeber, Machteld Hoeve, N. Wim Slot and Peter H. van der Laan Introduction, Rolf Loeber, Machteld Hoeve, N. Wim Slot and Peter H. van der Laan Criminal career patterns, Arjan A.J. Blokland and Hanneke Palmen Disentangling context effects on criminal careers, Margit Averdijk, Henk Elffers and Stijn Ruiter Explanations of offending, Andrea G. Donker, Erik Bulten, Terence P. Thornberry and Mauri Matsuda Vulnerable youth in pathways to adulthood, Catrien C.H.J. Bijleveld, Victor van der Geest and Jan Hendriks Risk assessment and the impact of risk and protective factors, Han J.M. Spanjaard Leontien M. van der Knaap, Claudia E. van der Put and Geert Jan J.M. Stams Juveniles in transition from juvenile justice to adult criminal justice, Ton Liefaard Offending and justice response at the juvenile-adult interface, Peter H. van der Laan, Andre M. van der Laan, Machteld Hoeve, Martine Blom. Willemijn H. Lamet and Rolf Loeber Prevention programmes in early and middle childhood and their effect on adult crime, Maja Dekovic, Jessica J. Asscher, Meike I. Slagt and Leonieke Boendermaker Interventions, Leonieke Boendermaker, Maja Dekovic and Jessica J. Asscher European perspectives, Martin Killias, Santiago Redondo and Jerzy Sarnecki Overview , conclusions and policy and research recommendations, Rolf Loeber, Machteld Hoeve, David P. Farrington, James C. Howell, N. Wim Slot and Peter H. van der Laan Appendix: systems oriented interventions in Europe, Terje Ogden and Kristine Amlund Hagen Index.


Use of continuous welded rails is winning increased acceptance all over the world. This paper sketches the history of the welded rails on USSR Railways and describes the design, laying, maintenance and repair, along with the machines and methods used for laying and welding of continuous strings.


1. A composition for oral care, comprising: (a) abrasive amorphous silica; and (b) an acceptable oral nositel.2. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the percentage of silica, by weight, abrasive amorphous silica is greater than about 97% .3. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica contains less than about 10% of the total vody.4. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica contains less than about 5% of the total vody.5. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica is substantially negidratirovannym.6. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica has silanol density of less than about 3000 intensity / D.7. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica has a BET surface area of less than about 30 m / D.8. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica has a BET surface area of less than about 9 m / g.9. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica has a bulk density of at least about 0.45 g / ml.10. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica has a Mohs hardness of greater than 6.11. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the majority of particles of amorphous silica does not form aggregated klastery.12. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive amorphous silica is not obrabotannym.13 surfactant. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the Abra


Highly Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Arsenene: an ab initio Study Majid Zeraati, 1 S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei, 1, 2, ∗ I. Abdolhosseini Sarsari, 3 Mahdi Pourfath, 4, 5 and Davide Donadio 6, 7, 8, 9, † Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-515, Iran Institute for Microelectronics, TU Wien, Gushausstrase 27–29/E360, 1040 Vienna, Austria Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA, 95616 Max Planck Institut f¨ ur Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain (Dated:) Elemental 2D materials exhibit intriguing heat transport and phononic properties. Here we have investigated the lattice thermal conductivity of newly proposed arsenene, the 2D honeycomb struc- ture of arsenic, using ab initio calculations. Solving the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons, we predict a highly anisotropic thermal conductivity, of 30.4 and 7.8 W/mK along the zigzag and armchair directions, respectively at room temperature. Our calculations reveal that phonons with mean free paths between 20 nm and 1 µm provide the main contribution to the large thermal con- ductivity in the zigzag direction, mean free paths of phonons contributing to heat transport in the armchair directions range between 20 and 100 nm. The obtained anisotropic thermal conductivity and feasibility of synthesis, in addition to high electron mobility reported elsewhere, make arsenene a promising material for nano-electronic applications and thermal management. I. INTRODUCTION The discovery of graphene as a stable atomically thin material has led to extensive investigation of similar 2D systems. Its properties such as high electron mobility 1 , and very high thermal conductivity 2–5 make graphene very appealing for applications in electronics, for packag- ing and thermal management 6–11 . The successful iso- lation of single-layer graphene fostered the search for further ultra-thin 2D structures, such as silicene, ger- manene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalco- genides, e.g. MoS 2 and WS 2 12,13 . These materials are now considered for various practical usages due to their distinguished properties stemming from their low dimen- sionality. Thermal transport in 2D materials has recently attracted the attention of the scientific community, as anomalous heat conduction has been predicted to oc- cur in systems with reduced dimensionality 14 . Phononic properties and thermal conductivity vary significantly from one 2D system to another 5,15–18 . For example, sil- icene has a buckled structure and a much lower thermal conductivity 19,20 compared to graphene 12,21,22 . 2D structures of arsenic and phosphorous have been recently investigated 23–27 . Arsenic and phosphorus are in the 5th group of the periodic table and both have different allotropes. Black phosphorus is a layered al- lotrope of phosphorus similar to graphite, and the stabil- ity of its single layer form, named phosphorene has been probed both theoretically and experimentally 13,28 . Gray arsenic is one of the most stable allotropes of arsenic with a buckled layered structure 27,29 . In addition, arsenic has an orthorhombic phase (puckered) similar to black phosphorus 23,25,26 , and its monolayer is called arsenene (see Fig. 1). Experimental observations have shown that gray arsenic undergoes a structural phase transition to the orthorhombic precursor of arsenene at temperatures of about T = 370 K 30 . As a monolayer arsenene can have a direct band gap of the order of 1 eV, as opposed to the multilayer allotrope, which exhibits an indirect band gap 23,26 . According to our calculations, arsenene is stable as a puckered monolayer also near zero temper- ature, in agreement with previous reports 23,25,26 . Both phosphorene and arsenene exhibit diverse polymorphs, with electronic properties that vary from semiconduct- ing to semimetallic and metallic as a function of struc- ture and strain 23,27,31 . Low dimensionality and the versa- tility of their electronic structure make two-dimensional 5th group elemental systems very appealing, not only for fundamental studies, but also for practical applications in nano electronics. For the latter applications, it is how- ever essential to characterize thermal transport and heat dissipation, to predict their operating temperatures. In this Article we investigate heat conduction in ar- senene and we elucidate the anisotropy of its thermal con- ductivity. We consider "puckered" unstrained arsenene, which is a semiconductor 23 . Since in semiconductors phonons are the predominant heat carriers, we use first- principles anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation to compute phonon dispersion relations and thermal conductivity. Accord- ing to electronic structure calculations 23 , arsenene has a band gap of the order of 1 eV, thus we expect a negligible electronic contribution to κ, unless the system is doped or strained. For this reason we restrict our study to the phononic contribution to thermal transport.


The text has Analyzed and set up the multiphase flow and combustion model on boiler. Utilizing the model, numerical simulation was doan on the imbalance of velocity and temperature of flue gas in tangentially boiler before transforming. The result of calculation and practical operation conditions are unanimous. It has proved the dependability of the model. Numerical study indicates that the reverse swirl of up-secondary air and small tangential circle can reduce the imbalance of flue gas effectively. Compared synthetically, the reverse swirl of up-secondary air cuts to be for feasible scheme of transforming. Figs 9 and refs 7.


PURPOSE
To report a case of regression of vitreoretinal lymphoma after fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

METHODS
Interventional case report.

RESULTS
A 72-year-old woman with a history of systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma noted difficulty focusing with the right eye and was found to have multiple yellow sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) infliltrates. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy disclosed large atypical lymphocytes consistent with large-cell lymphoma. Four weeks after biopsy, the sub-RPE lesions resolved without additional treatment. Three months later, the tumors recurred. The patient received systemic chemotherapy, and her condition remained stable without brain involvement at the 2-year follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy can induce temporary regression of vitreoretinal lymphoma. Patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma should have regular systemic follow-up examinations due to the risk of central nervous system recurrence.


This study examines correlations between player choice and identification in a multiple protagonist video game, seeking to determine whether a player's identification with one or more player charac ...


Today Industrial Revolution has reach its peak where technology become the basis of human life. Entrepreneurship education is one of the important things that have to be done to be done to prepare Industrial Revolution 4.0 This research purposed to enchance teacher competitiveness of entrepreneurship through Augmented Reality (AR) Module using STEAM approach. The research method is used researh and development method with the type of the data are quantitave and qualitative data. The data analysis technique used in the development of instructional media is the percentage descriptive technique. The data obtained is then interpreted with qualitative sentences. The testing subject is used teacher and student in the five high school/ vocational high school in the Malang. Based on the result shows the media that was developed is valid to used on Entrepreneurship Learning, with the advantages are (1) user friendly, (2) responsive, (3) accountable, (4) transparent, and (5) trusted. This is suitable to support student achievement and activity also teacher activity. This media existance is one of the solution to realized the succes of entrepreneurship education that will be creating young businessman who will establish MSME's in the future.