Coronary balloon angioplasty using the percutaneous approach was first performed by Andreas Gruentzig in 1977 (1). Since then, percutaneous coronary revascularization has been extended to include atherectomy, stenting, and other procedures, together now known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While performance of PCI itself remains the domain of specialized cardiologists, patients undergoing PCI are cared for by noninvasive cardiologists, internists, and primary care physicians. Therefore, patient care can be optimized if the patient care team understands procedural risks and complications as well as patient management before, during, and after the procedure. As part of its mission, the American Heart Association Diagnostic and Interventional Catheterization Committee is charged with educating physicians on information relevant to PCI. Members of the committee have therefore prepared this document for physicians to serve as a review of the complications that can occur during PCI. Some issues regarding the diagnosis, prevention, and management of complications remain unsettled, and in certain cases the committee has intentionally opted to present what it considers reasonable strategies regarding these issues rather than specific recommendations. The Science Advisory Coordinating Committee of the American Heart Association approved this document for publication. Methods We searched MEDLINE for articles published over the past 20 years, using the indexing terms coronary angioplasty, stents, contrast nephropathy, stent thrombosis, vascular complications, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, vascular closure devices, and restenosis. Additional data sources included consensus conference statements from the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. Randomized and observational studies were systematically reviewed. We considered factors such as study design, number of patients studied, statistical significance of results, and relevance to contemporary clinical practice when deciding whether to incorporate these results into our conclusions and recommendations. Consensus conference statements regarding issues addressed in this document were incorporated into our recommendations when relevant. Preprocedural Considerations Allergic reactions to contrast dye and contrast nephropathy are important potential complications that must be considered in patients undergoing contrast angiographic procedures. Data on these complications are derived from studies of diagnostic cardiac catheterization and recent studies of PCI. Allergic Reactions Allergic reactions related to iodine-based contrast agents for angiographic imaging are classified as minor (hives, rash), moderate (urticaria, bronchoconstriction), or severe (anaphylactoid reaction [as opposed to anaphylactic reaction] with hemodynamic collapse). Anaphylactoid reactions to intravascular contrast are rare (2-6). However, in patients with a history of contrast reaction, the risk for repeated anaphylactoid reaction is generally reported to range from 17% to 35% (2, 7-9). Although previous adverse reactions to shellfish or seafood in general are believed to be associated with future anaphylactoid reaction to iodine-based contrast, no significant body of data supports this conjecture (3, 10, 11). Pretreatment with corticosteroids appears to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions (6, 7, 12). In one large series of patients who had previous anaphylactoid reactions to iodine contrast and received prednisone and diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Pfizer, New York, New York) before repeated contrast administration (7), the incidence of anaphylactoid reaction was 11%. Hypotension occurred in only 3 of 415 treated patients (0.7%) (7). Additional routine treatment with the H2-blocker cimetidine does not appear to have any benefit in patients with previous allergic reactions (7). On the basis of limited data, patients with known previous anaphylactoid reactions to contrast dye should be pretreated with steroids and an H1-blocker. One previously studied regimen is oral prednisone, 50 mg, administered 13 hours, 7 hours, and 1 hour before the procedure, plus diphenhydramine, 50 mg, administered 1 hour before the procedure (3, 7). We recommend an alternate and more practical regimen: prednisone, 60 mg, the night before and the morning of the procedure, plus an oral H1-blocker (such as diphenhydramine), 50 mg, the morning of the procedure (13). The Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions has issued recommendations for treatment of patients who develop anaphylactoid reactions (3). These recommendations are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Recommended Regimens for Pretreatment (Prevention) and Treatment of Anaphylactoid Reactions in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Deterioration of renal function may occur as a result of both direct and indirect effects of the iodine-based contrast agents used during PCI (14, 15). The observed incidence of contrast nephropathy in studies varies widely and depends on the study design, patient population studied, and definition of contrast nephropathy used. Most recent studies have defined contrast nephropathy as an increase in serum creatinine concentration of 25% or an absolute increase of 44 mol/L (0.5 mg/dL). In recent studies of patients undergoing coronary procedures, the incidence of contrast nephropathy in high-risk patients (those with an elevated creatinine concentration at baseline) who received standard therapy (usually pre- and periprocedure hydration) ranged from 11% to 41% (16-21). Contrast nephropathy usually first manifests as an elevation in creatinine concentration 24 to 48 hours after the procedure that peaks 3 to 5 days after the procedure (14, 15). Contrast nephropathy requiring dialysis is extremely rare (<1%) in the general population of patients undergoing PCI (22), although an incidence of 9% was observed in one small series of patients with preexisting renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level, 177 to 698 mol/L [2.0 to 7.9 mg/dL]) (23). Patient-related factors associated with an increased risk for contrast nephropathy include diabetes; preexisting renal insufficiency; and, possibly, reduced intravascular volume status (4, 14, 22, 24). Many but not all studies have found a relationship between the amount of contrast used and the risk for contrast nephropathy (14, 21-23, 25-27). Analysis of data from the largest series of patients undergoing PCI found a statistically significant relationship between contrast dose and risk for contrast nephropathy, although the odds ratio for developing contrast nephropathy with higher doses of contrast was only 1.008 (22). Available data from studies of diagnostic cardiac catheterization suggest that pre- and postprocedure hydration decreases the incidence of contrast-induced renal failure (20, 28-30). Administration of various pharmacologic agents during the periprocedural period, including furosemide, mannitol, dopamine, aminophylline, and atrial natriuretic peptide, has not been shown to be of benefit in patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization or percutaneous intervention; in some cases, these agents adversely affected renal function (20, 21, 24, 30-32). Low-osmolar contrast agents are associated with less contrast nephropathy than high-osmolar agents in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency (33). In one recent study, use of the iso-osmolar agent iodixanol (Visipaque, Amersham Health, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) led to less contrast nephropathy than did a low osmolar agent (16). Modestly sized studies have examined whether administration of acetylcysteine before and after exposure to contrast agents can decrease the incidence of contrast nephropathy during various imaging procedures (including PCI) in patients with baseline renal insufficiency (17, 19, 34-37). The most common dosing regimen was 600 mg orally twice per day on the day before and the day of the study. Most but not all of these studies have demonstrated some benefit with acetylcysteine administration. It should be noted, however, that the benefit was limited to predefined changes in serum creatinine concentration and that no benefits in harder end points, such as need for dialysis, were demonstrated. On the basis of available data, pre- and post-PCI hydration is recommended, at least in patients with baseline renal insufficiency (0.45% saline at 1 mL/kg of body weight per hour for 12 hours preprocedure and 12 hours postprocedure). Diuretics should not be administered before the procedure. Acetylcysteine treatment can be considered in patients who are at high risk for contrast nephropathy. Contrast-Induced Renal Failure and Lactic Acidosis Lactic acidosis is a rare complication of contrast-induced acute renal failure that can occur in patients taking the oral hypoglycemic agent metformin (Glucophage, Bristol-Myers Products, New York, New York). Almost all reported cases have occurred in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency (38-41). Current product labeling precautions state that metformin should be discontinued at the time of or before an angiographic procedure, withheld for 48 hours after the procedure, and reinstituted only after renal function has been reevaluated and found to be normal (42). We suggest that metformin should be discontinued on the day of the procedure in patients with normal renal function and 48 hours before elective PCI procedures, when possible, in patients with preexisting renal insufficiency at increased risk for contrast nephropathy. Pretreatment with Antiplatelet Agents before PCI Studies performed in the era of balloon angioplasty alone (that is, without coronary stenting) demonstrated consistently lower adverse event rates in patients who received pretreatment with aspirin plus dipyridamole or aspirin alone than in those who did no


The purpose of this study to know the implementation of elements of Section 363
subsection (1) 4th Criminal Code on criminal offenses of theft with the circumstances
aggravating done by children and to know the basic legal considerations the judge in
deciding the criminal case of theft with the circumstances aggravating done by
children, The method used is descriptive-analytic, with normative juridical approach.
The data source consists of primary data and secondary data including primary legal
materials, secondary, tertiary. Data were collected by literature study, then analyzed
by qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the application of
material criminal law against theft by state burdensome, namely Article 363
paragraph (1) 4th Criminal Code in accordance with the facts of the law, both the
statements of witnesses, expert testimonies and information from the defendant, only
in the application of sanctions the principle of restorative justice here is not used by
the judge, so it is not in accordance with Article 5 (1) of Law Number 11 Year 2012
on Child Criminal Justice System. While the basic legal consideration of judges in
deciding the case based on Article 193 paragraph (2) b in conjunction with Article 21
paragraph (4) Criminal Procedure Code, Article 194 Criminal Procedure Code and
Article 22 paragraph (4) Criminal Procedure Code.


Objective To explore the histomorphology effect of Qiangguyin on ovariectomized rats. Methods Sixty female SD rats were divided randomly into three groups: Qiangguyin group(treatment group)、Xianlinggubao group (contrast group) and control group. All rats were ovariectomized, the Qiangguyin group、Xianlinggubao group and control group were given Qiangguyin、Xianlinggubao and distilled water after two weeks respectively. And 3、4.5、6 months after the treatment, the femur neck were cut and stained with Masson Golden Trichrome for bone histomorphometric analysis. Results The Tb.Ar、Tb.N、Tb.Th of ovariectomized rats were decreased. Compared with Tb.Th of control group (P0.01) and Tb.N of Xianlinggubao group(P0.05), the differences were observed. Conclusions Chinese herbal medicine (Qiangguyin) can increase the bone quantity and quality. Qiangguyin is effective in treatment of osteoporosis.


Since December 2019, the first cases of coronavirus infection began to be registered, by now there is enough data accumulated to analyze the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as to develop etiopathogenetic treatment. The cytokine storm and coronaviral induced coagulopathy are considered to be the main pathogenesis link, which made possible to develop an etiopathogenic treatment. Cytokine Storm destroys precursor cells and reduces platelet production. The further formation of autoimmune complexes leads to thrombocytic destruction and induces damage to the endothelial cells of lung capillaries. Recommended direct parenteral anticoagulants treatment with low-molecular weight heparin forms (LMHs).


Currently many organizations are transitioning from the traditional approach to the agile approach regarding systems development methods. It is evident that research has mainly focused on smaller o ...


Construction of Chinese Eastern Railway brought together in Harbin a number of overseas Russians who established businesses in Harbin with great achievements.The flour industry was the representative.The rise and fall of the flour industry shows the interactive relationship between enterprise and politics.


In this study, the effects of corn steep liquor addition to cassava tubers during retting were monitored. Peeled and washed Cassava tubers were cut to 4cm weighed and then soaked in different sample buckets containing 100.0%, 80:20%, 60:40%, 20: 80% and 0:100% water to corn steep liquor ratio. The Temperature, PH value and degree of softness was monitored. The highest temperature recorded was 30 o C at a pH of 3.75. It was observed that corn steep liquor increases the period of fermentation from 4 to 8days. When the corn steep liquor was neutralized with NaoH solution to PH 4.69 from 3.98, period of fermentation was reduced to 5days showing that the high acidity of the raw corn steep liquor was detrimental to cassava softening process.


Multi-parameter monitor is widely used in clinic and provides reference basis for diagnosis, treatment and nursing.In this paper, cleaning and disinfection is introduced, importance of proper operation and maintenance is emphasized.We exchange such experience with readers in order to ensure reliability of monitoring parameters, and enhance security of treatment.


A 20 year old woman had a four year history ofMG. The disease manifested itself with horizontal diplopia, ptosis and fluctuating proximal weakness. (Osserman grade II).4 Diagnosis of MG was supported by high levels of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies of 22-8 pmol/ml (normal range 0-5 pmol/l), and decremental response on repetitive nerve stimulation with improvement after Edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). The patient had thymectomy in 1988 due to thymic hyperplasia and since then was treated with anticholinesterase medication with a partial response. Due to progressive weakness in the last months, she was admitted to hospital in October 1992 for IVIg treatment. On admission her general examination was normal, neurological examination revealed mild ptosis, proximal muscle weakness without bulbar signs or respiratory difficulties. ESR, anti nuclear factor, rheumatoid factor, immunoglobulin levels, thyroid function, and chest x ray were normal. The patient was treated with IVIg (Gamimune, Miles Inc, USA) 4 5%-5 5% solution in 9%1% maltose without preservative in dosage of 0 4 gr/kg/day. On the third day of treatment her temperature rose to 37 8'C and she complained of severe headache with photophobia, nausea and she vomited once. She had nuchal rigidity, positive Brudzinsky sign, normal fundi and no focal neurological signs. Lumbar puncture revealed clear CSF, with a pressure of 200 mm H20. Cell count was 80 ul, 50% lymphocytes and 50% neutrophils. CSF protein was 0-97 g/l and glucose 2-5 mM/l (blood glucose 3.9 mM/l). Gram stain, bacterial and viral cultures, cryptococcal antigen, and acid fast staining were negative. IVIg infusion was discontinued and the patient recovered after 72 hours without antibiotics or any specific treatment. Lumbar puncture was repeated after 10 days and showed 10 ,ul lymphocytes, normal protein (0-19 g/l) and glucose (3-1 mM/l) levels. As IVIgtherapy was considered an important mode of therapy in this young patient, it was necessary to establish whether the meningitis was associated with IVIg or coincidental. We therefore obtained informed consent and started a challenge with WIg infusion increasing the dose from 0-1 gr/kg/day to 0-4 gr/kg/day. On the fifth day her temperature rose to 38-6'C and she developed severe headache with photophobia. Nuchal rigidity with positive Brudzinsky and Kernig's signs were again noted. IVIg treatment was discontinued and after 48 hours the fever, headache and signs of meningeal irritation disappeared. The patient refused a third CSF examination. Side effects of IVIg treatment are usually mild, consisting mainly of allergic reactions in IgA deficient patients, hepatitis, and transient vasomotor symptoms with chills, nausea, flushing, chest tightness and wheezing.5 Transient headache, vomiting, altered consciousness associated with fever had been described in several patients.6 Drug induced meningitis has been reported with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, azathioprine, isoniazide, OKT3 and others.7 Most reports were in patients with underlying connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, but not in MG patients. The mechanism of drug induced meningitis is presumed to be an acute hypersensitivity reaction limited to the leptomeninges without systemic anaphylaxis. Our case adds to the previous four cases of aseptic meningitis associated with IVIg, it is the first described in an MG patient and proved with challenge. As the use of IVIg in the treatment of neurological disorders will increase in the future, the phenomenon of associated aseptic meningitis should be anticipated. ZEEV MEINER TAMIR BEN-HUR YARON RIVER AVINOAM RECHES Department ofNeurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel


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We consider the problem of designing a network of optical cross-connects (OXCs) to provide end-to-end lightpath services to large numbers of label switched routers (LSRs). We present a set of heuristic algorithms to address the combined problem of physical topology design and logical topology design. Unlike previous studies which were limited to small topologies, we have applied our algorithms to networks with hundreds or thousands of LSRs and with a number of lightpaths that is an order of magnitude larger than the number of LSRs. We present numerical results for up to 1000 LSRs and for a wide range of system parameters such as the number of wavelengths per fiber, the number of transceivers per LSR, and the number of ports per OXC.


A discussion on soil property factors affecting the quality of cement powder pile is carried on setting out from cement soil mechanism and combining commonness and difference of soft- soil formed in different environment,the result can offer reference for project design and construction.


Mestizo Worship is an important reflection for the Catholic school administrator. With changing demographics due to a mass influx of Hispanic immigrants and an increasingly higher percentage of American births of Hispanic descent, schools must prepare themselves for a new and often Spanishspeaking ethnic majority in their communities. In the American Catholic Church of the 21st century, where studies reflect rapidly increasing numbers of believers to be a Hispanic majority, the school leader is compelled to develop understanding both as a professional and as an agent of spiritual development among the school's community. Here the reader is empowered with an appreciation for the rich expressions of popular religiosity that have been and continue to be so important to Hispanic Americans. Among the most renowned contributing scholars and practitioners of Hispanic theology, Elizondo and Matovina offer a three-part thematic approach in Mestizo Worship that explores the significance and history of popular devotions in Hispanic communities in the southwestern United States and, more particularly, in San Antonio, Texas. Defining and describing various forms of popular religiosity, Elizondo shows how devotions are integral to the catechetical and cultural formation of the Hispanic experience. Matovina reinforces this by providing concrete explanations of similar devotions in liturgy, worship, and Hispanic celebrations of the sacraments. This book provides concrete and descriptive examples of such devotions, describes their cultural context in light of the people's history of conquest and reconquest, and nurtures discovery of the sacred through Hispanic expressions of faith. Through Hispanic devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe, for example, Elizondo and Matovina posit that a new people emerge from the downtrodden and defeated history of the Mexican people:


THE serum of unvaccinatednormal personsmay contain natural agglutinins, some of which agglutinate bacteria, others of which agglutinate certain types of human red blood cells. The latter class of natural agglutinins is perhapsthe best known,becauseby their use it is possible to classify a subject'sred cells into one of the four major blood groups. The natural bacterial agglutinins are not so well known, the term "natural bacterial agglutinin" being usedhere to describethe bacterialagglutininswhich are sometimespresent in the serum of a normal gersen who has not been infected by, or vaccinated with, the particularorganism. It is partly the concentrationof these natural bacterial agglutinins which determines the significance of the titre revealed by an agglutination test when used as a diagnosticaid.


N THE presentation of the topic of this article, a choice must be made between outlining the contents of essential mathematics and discussing the need for reorganizing instruction in mathematics. Here the latter topic will be discussed, partly because of greater personal interest in matters of instruction, partly because of the tendency to change mathematical content alone without altering instructional procedures, and partly because of the publication in another place of a discussion of the essential mathematical


The rapid warming of the sports industry and tourism industry,has laid a good foundation for the development of the sports tourism industry.By SWOT analysis,the article demonstrated that the Chizhou sports tourism industry had a huge development space,so made the corresponding developmental ideas and strategies for the flourish of Chizhou sports tourism.


Fishermen fishing is a job on the surface of the water, where fishermen catching fish are at high risk of experiencing Accidents due to Work or Disease due to Work (Kalalo, 2016, Handayani, 2014, Tjahjanto, 2016, Purwanto, 2014, Putra, 2017, Purwangka, 2013). This study aims to examine the application of occupational safety to fishing fishermen in Lappa Village and examine the application of occupational health to fishing fishermen in Lappa Village. This study uses qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The informants of this study were 6 people, with the criteria of fishing fishermen. The technique of collecting data uses in-depth interviews, document review, and observation. Research results show that work safety before going to sea (having experience and knowledge of the weather, praying, checking the condition of the boat and engine, safety equipment). While occupational health for fishing fishermen before going to sea (having a fishing card, knowing the functions and benefits of fishing cards, conducting a health check). Conclusion (1) important fishing fishermen prepare safety before going to sea. (2) fishing fishermen need to prepare medical devices such as first aid kits, fishermen cards, health education programs, and health units for fishing fishermen in Lappa Village, North Sinjai District, Sinjai District.


1. indole compounds of the following formula (1)! ! wherein ! n is a number from 0 to 3,! A represents a 5-membered heteroaryl or heterocycle, each of which has 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S,! R1 is R5-XB-X'-,! B is a direct bond or is a 3-10-membered heterocycle or heteroaryl, each of which has 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S,! X and X 'independently of one another are a direct bond or is selected from the group consisting of -NR6-, -CO-, -CONR6-, -CO2-, -OC (O) -, -S (O) m-, - O- (CH2) m-, - (CH2) mO-, - (CH2) m-, -NR6CO-, - (R6O) 2P (O) - and -NHCO2-, where m is a number from 0 to 3, and R6 is hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl! R5 is hydrogen, nitrile, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl or cycloalkyl, or represents 3-10 membered monocyclic or condensed cyclic heterocyclic or heteroaryl, each of which has 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and may be substituted with oxo or alkyl, or! R5 and R6 may together form a 4-8-membered ring! R2 represents - (CR8R9) pY-R7,! p is a number from 0 to 2,! R8 and R9 independently of one another are hydrogen or alkyl, or may together form a 4-8-membered ring! Y is a direct bond or is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -NR6-, -NR6C (O) -, -CO2-, -C (O) -, -C (O) NR6-, - S (O) q-, and -S (O) qNR6-, wherein q is a number from 0 to 2,! R7 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, nitro, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, or represents a 3-10 membered heterocycle or heteroaryl, each of which has 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, and in which case optionally contains oxo! R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, - (CH2) q-cycloalkyl or - (CH2) q-heterocycle! R4 denotes - (CH2) pD-R10,! D is a direct bond, represents cycloalkyl, in case of need


The invention discloses a dry-mixed mortar, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of cement, 700 to 800 parts of scree artificial sand, 80 parts of coal ash and 4 parts of additive, wherein the scree artificial sand is made of broken scree through a sand making machine or other sets of equipment; and the fineness modulus of the scree artificial sand is 2.3 to 3.0. The raw material of the dry-mixed mortar is the scree artificial sand; the particle shape and the grading of the scree artificial sand are high, and the moisture content is low, so that the scree artificial sand can be used for preparing the dry-mixed mortar without being dried; and moreover, the hardness of the scree artificial sand is greater than that of rock artificial sand, so that the dry-mixed mortar is low in cost and high in quality and has obvious economic benefit.


In this note we prove a general elementary small divisor theorem for Hs norms of N ×N matrices that provides a potentially useful estimate for expunging resonances in Nash-Moser Newton Iterations. The theorem requires compatibility conditions on the approximating matrices, and we investigate how the theorem can fail when the compatibility conditions are violated. This investigation suggests that establishing compatibility of the approximations, not the presence of small eigenvalues, is the main obstacle in obtaining small divisor theorems sufficient for expunging resonances in Nash-Moser Newton Iterations.


Objective: To investigate the biomechanical effect of different intervertebral reconstructive heights on adjacent segments following C 5 /C 6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) through fi nite element analysis. Methods: A fi nite element model of intact C 4 – C 7 segments was developed and validated for the present study. Five additional C 4 – C 7 postoperative models were constructed with 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, and 200% of the benchmark height of C 5 /C 6 on the basis of the intact model. The changes in intradiscal pressure (IDP) and range of motion (ROM) of adjacent segments before and after reconstruction of C 5 /C 6 were analyzed. Results: For the upper adjacent segment (C 4 /C 5 ), the IDPs under the different loading conditions all increased after reconstruction. The maximum IDPs were 0.387, 0.489, 0.491, and 0.472 MPa under fl exion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending, respectively, observed at the reconstructive height of 200%. The minimum IDPs were observed at 150% reconstructive height under all loading conditions except extension, and were 57, 86 and 81% of the maximum IDPs under fl exion, axial rotation, and lateral bending, respectively. The minimum IDP under extension occurred when the reconstructive height is 125% of the benchmark height. For the lower adjacent segment (C 6 /C 7 ), the IDPs of postoperative models under all loading conditions also increased compared to the preoperative model. The maximum IDPs after reconstruction under fl exion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending were 0.402, 0.411, 0.461, and 0.497 MPa, respectively, when the height of the reconstruction was 200% of the benchmark. The minimum IDPs were observed after a reconstruction at 150% of the benchmark, and were 59%, 85%, 82%, and 81% of the maximum IDPs under fl exion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending loading conditions. Conclusions: The reconstructive height is an important factor affecting the IDP and the ROM of adjacent segments after ACDF. To delay the adjacent segment disease, an intervertebral reconstructive height of 150% is an appropriate height in C 5 /C 6 ACDF.


On the basis of instrumental measurement data the major factor defining a radiation environment in underground facility of Saint Petersburg the subway are radon and radon daughters is shown. The hypothesis of influence on dynamics of radon accumulation in underground facility of the moisture entering from rocks is confirmed.


To evaluate the clinical, biohumoral, and haemodynamic effects of ultrafiltration vs. intravenous diuretics in patients with decompensated heart failure (HF). Signs and symptoms of volume overload are often present in these patients and standard therapy consists primarily of intravenous diuretics. Increasing evidence suggests that ultrafiltration can be an effective alternative treatment.


Since 1990s, the Hi-tech industry in China has been expanded positively. Its scale has been more and more grand and it has been the locomotives of economy growth. Under the principle of improving the capacity of constantly bringing new ideas and realizing the beyond development of technology, we should promote the development of every item of Hi-tech industry. In the course of thedevelopment, there are some advantages. Such as the speed of market increasing is high, the forming of fixed capital is quick and so on. But there are still some problems. Such as the worry that the development of Hi-tech industry in our country is controlled by transnational corporations. We should pay more attention to the problems of industry security.


Phenotypic analysis has always played an important role in breeding research. At present, wheat phenotypic analysis research mostly relies on high-precision instruments, which make the cost higher. Thanks to the development of 3D reconstruction technology, the reconstructed wheat 3D model can also be used for phenotypic analysis. In this paper, a method is proposed to reconstruct wheat 3D model based on semantic information. The method can generate the corresponding 3D point cloud model of wheat according to the semantic description. First, an object detection algorithm is used to detect the characteristics of some wheat phenotypes during the growth process. Second, the growth environment information and some phenotypic features of wheat are combined into semantic information. Third, text-to-image algorithm is used to generate the 2D image of wheat. Finally, the wheat in the 2D image is transformed into an abstract 3D point cloud and obtained a higher precision point cloud model using a deep learning algorithm. Extensive experiments indicate that the method reconstructs 3D models and has a heuristic effect on phenotypic analysis and breeding research by deep learning.


The reaction rate has been calculated for a vibrationally excited diatomic molecule to be de‐excited by collision with another atom or molecule, the second particle carrying away the excess vibrational energy as kinetic energy. The quantum mechanical distorted wave method has been used in the ``modified wave number'' approximation, and the large amplitude of the vibrational motion is taken into account both in the choice of vibrational wave functions (Morse functions) and in the interaction potential. The calculation is performed for the process N2(a1Πg;v)+N2(X 1Σg+)⇒N2(a1Πg;v′ 1.


As machine learning as a service continues gaining popularity, concerns about privacy and intellectual property arise. Users often hesitate to disclose their private information to obtain a service, while service providers aim to protect their proprietary models. Decision trees, a widely used machine learning model, are favoured for their simplicity, interpretability, and ease of training. In this context, Private Decision Tree Evaluation (PDTE) enables a server holding a private decision tree to provide predictions based on a client's private attributes. The protocol is such that the server learns nothing about the client's private attributes. Similarly, the client learns nothing about the server's model besides the prediction and some hyperparameters. In this paper, we propose two novel non-interactive PDTE protocols, XXCMP-PDTE and RCC-PDTE, based on two new non-interactive comparison protocols, XXCMP and RCC. Our evaluation of these comparison operators demonstrates that our proposed constructions can efficiently evaluate high-precision numbers. Specifically, RCC can compare 32-bit numbers in under 10 milliseconds. We assess our proposed PDTE protocols on decision trees trained over UCI datasets and compare our results with existing work in the field. Moreover, we evaluate synthetic decision trees to showcase scalability, revealing that RCC-PDTE can evaluate a decision tree with over 1000 nodes and 16 bits of precision in under 2 seconds. In contrast, the current state-of-the-art requires over 10 seconds to evaluate such a tree with only 11 bits of precision.


Low-viscosity epoxy was used to produce 30 × 120 cm peels of structures in unconsolidated sand. These peels have high strength and good visual impact, revealing both fine detail and gross features with several millimeters of relief. Epoxy was sprayed on vertical trench surfaces and heat-treated in situ using portable racks of heat lamps. Seventy-two peels were recovered out of 80 attempts in one trench. The method is useful for gravelly sands and for fine-grained to very coarse-grained clean sands. The limiting size for vertical faces seems to be about 0.5 m high by 2 m long. End_of_Article - Last_Page 930------------


ABSTRACT Dynamic and spatially multi-dimensional mathematical models of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystalline and amorphous solutes in vials, are constructed and presented in this work. The models account for the removal of free and bound water and could also provide the geometric shape of the moving interface and its position. It is proved that the temperature of the moving interface can not be constant if the flux of heat flow to the sides of the vial is not zero. It is also proved that the slope of the free surface (moving interface) at the edge of the vial is always curved downward. The numerical solution of the nonlinear partial differential equations of the models would allow model simulations that could indicate design conditions, operating conditions, and control strategies that could provide high drying rates and could lead to a series of novel experiments in freeze-drying.


A design methodology for the lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) spallation target has been developed and applied for the accelerator-driven test facility (ADTF) target. This methodology includes the target interface with the subcritical multiplier (SCM) of the ADTF and the different engineering aspects of the target design, physics, heat-transfer, hydraulics, structural, radiological, and safety analyses. Several design constrains were defined and utilized for the target design process to satisfy different engineering requirements and to minimize the time and the cost of the design development. Interface requirements with the subcritical multiplier were defined based on target performance parameters and material damage issues to enhance the lifetime of the target structure. Different structural materials were considered to define the most promising candidate based on the current database including radiation effects. The developed target design has a coaxial geometrical configuration to minimize the target footprint and it is installed vertically along the SCM axis. LBE is the target material and the target coolant with ferritic steel (HT-9 alloy) structural material. The proton beam has 8.33-mA current uniformly distributed and 8.14-cm beam radius resulting in a current density of 40 {micro}A/cm{sup 2}. The beam power is 5 MW and the proton energy is 600 MeV. Themore » beam tube has 10-cm radius to accommodate the halo current. A hemi-spherical geometry is used for the target window, which is connected to the beam tube. The beam tube is enclosed inside two coaxial tubes to provide inlet and outlet manifolds for the LBE coolant. The inlet and the outlet coolant manifolds and the proton beam are entered from the top above the SCM. The paper describes the design criteria, engineering constraints, and the developed target design for the ADTF.« less


The properties of silicon carbide devices (SiC) allow work in operation ranges greater than conventional silicon devices (Si) in applications, such as power converters for electric traction systems. Also, SiC devices characteristics open the possibility not only of working at a high switching frequency, and higher temperature range but also reduce the power converters losses. Accordingly, weight and cost of the cooling system can be reduced and the efficiency can be increased. This paper presents an analysis of efficiency between different power converters topologies used in electric traction system and based on silicon carbide devices. The analysis was developed by using simulations of different power converters topologies and realizing a comparison with silicon and silicon carbide devices at 100 kHz of switching frequency. In addition, the power losses for both devices technologies were studied for demonstrating the advantages of Silicon Carbide device in power systems for electric vehicles.


__________________________________________________________________________ The crucial role of the brainstem homeostatic system in pathophysiology of acute phase of stroke is presented by the authors of the paper. Diminished supply of energy to structures of the brain what is obviously the cause of stroke, leads to heavy disturbances of brainstem functions — brainstem insufficiency (ITC, insufficientia trunci cerebri). The main symptoms of ITC are disturbances of consciousness. Understanding mechanisms underlying brainstem homeostasis should result in better diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in stroke. Interdyscyplinary Problems of Stroke 2008; 10 (1): 15–20


The paper illustrates the results of 3D static modeling in sedimentary cover of the Polish lowlands and their suitability for characterizing Enhanced Geothermal System. The resultant basic structural framework of the EGS systems model covers an area of ca. 36000 km2. It is composed of 13 structural horizons, starting from the base of the Carboniferous strata up to the top of the Cretaceous succession, and contains 12 stratigraphic zones being equivalents of stratigraphic epochs. The results of structural and parametric modeling were finally presented as maps of average parameters and effective thicknesses, superimposed on maps of temperatures related to the tops of the mapped zones. Superposition of depth, thermal and reservoir criteria allow to indicate spatial extent of hypothetically favorable conditions for EGS/HDR development. The results of static modeling indicate that relatively favourable conditions for EGS systems development can be expected locally of Upper Rotliegend and Carboniferous reservoir. The most important problem referring to practically the whole area of interest is lack of good quality data.


SWOT analysis method is an actually viable research method to understand various influence factors in making tour industry development strategy.This text analyses the strength,the weakness,the opportunity and the threat by using the SWOT analysis method,and puts out the LCVP strategy choice method of Henan tour industry basing on the different strategy combinations of the SWOT model.It provides a basis to make the development strategy of Henan tour industry.


—Transformers have recently been utilized to per- form object detection and tracking in the context of autonomous driving. One unique characteristic of these models is that attention weights are computed in each forward pass, giving insights into the model's interior, in particular, which part of the input data it deemed interesting for the given task. Such an attention matrix with the input grid is available for each detected (or tracked) object in every transformer decoder layer. In this work, we investigate the distribution of these attention weights: How do they change through the decoder layers and through the lifetime of a track? Can they be used to infer additional information about an object, such as a detection uncertainty? Especially in unstructured environments, or environments that were not common during training, a reliable measure of detection uncertainty is crucial to decide whether the system can still be trusted or not.


Mental health in adolescents is influenced by several factors. Body image is one of the factors in predicting mental health. Moreover, it affects social communication and creates the social anxiety. The present study is cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population is the guidance and high school students in Shiraz in 2013-2014 that 180 students include 101 girls and 79 boys were selected by cluster sampling. The age range of subjects was 12-18 years and the mean age was 15.4. The instruments used in this study were the general health questionnaire (GHQ), fear of body image of Littleton et al and social anxiety scale for adolescents (SASA). Data were analyzed using correlation and regression. There is a significant relationship between mental health and fear of body image(r=0.400, P <0.01). There is a significant negative correlation between mental health and social anxiety (r=0.213, P <0.01). Between social anxiety and fear of body image there is a significant relationship(r=0.280, P <0.01). Hierarchical regression shows that social anxiety variable plays a mediatory role in the relationship between the fear of body image and mental health. In this study, the role of fear of body image and social anxiety has been shown on mental health. The relationships among variables suggest that social anxiety have a mediatory role in relationship to fear of body image and mental health. Therefore, high fear of body image causes to increase social anxiety and high social anxiety reduces mental health. On the other hand, low fear of body image reduces social anxiety which, in turn, is associated with increasing the level of mental health.


The State Council proposed to develop the strategic emerging industries and give them some support in terms of policy in 2010. Under the policy context, this paper selected the new energy industry as the research object. Based on the panel data of the new energy industry from 2010 to 2014, we found that government subsidies had a weak positive correlation with the capital structure but a significantly positive correlation with the growth of enterprises of the new energy industry. That is to say that the government subsidies can ease corporate financing constraints to some extent and promote the development of enterprises of new energy industry. But we also found that the new energy industry was still faced with the problem of an unreasonable debt structure. So the government needs to further clear the financing channels for the enterprises. We also found an insufficient solvency of the new energy enterprises, through the analysis of corporate cash flow from operating activities. This indicates that enterprises with high growth need to pay attention to financial risks and that government subsidies for new energy industry should be sustainable.


Purpose: To establish an animal model of lumbar disc degeneration induced by superficial layer of annular injury that closely mimicked human disc degeneration. Methods: Twelve minipigs were used to study lumbar disc degeneration. The animals were separated to two groups; the experimental group includes 9 pigs, while control group includes 3 pigs. Two lumbar discs of each minipig of experimental group were injured by a 3.5 mm diameter trephine, while one adjacent disc was injured by a 4.0 mm diameter trephine. Depth of injury was 3 mm into the annulus fibrosus. The control group was accepted exposed surgery without annular injury. Disc appearance was visualized by magnetic resonance imaging, disc degeneration was evaluated with the Pfirrmann grading scheme. The animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3 months after surgery and the harvested lumbar spine submitted to histological examination. Results: At magnetic resonance imaging all injured disc demonstrated markedly degenerative signs. For 3.5 mm subgroup, discs were degenerated to Pfirrmann III and IV, with a moderate disc height decrease. For 4.0 mm subgroup, discs were degenerated to Pfirrmann V, with a severe disc height decrease. Discs in control group showed no degenerative changes. In experimental group, histological analysis showed an undefined border between the nucleus and annulus fibrosus. Reliquus nucleus fragments were detected with fibrous tissue replaced. The central lamellae were distorted and delamination of the outer anterior layers. Conclusions: Superficial layer of annular injury in porcine lumbar discs were found to cause disc degeneration on MRI and histological investigation. The severity of such degenerative changes depends on the severity of annular injury. 3.5 mm diameter trephine injury resulted in moderately disc degeneration, which is more mimicked human disc degeneration in discogenic low back pain patients.


Zero-knowledge proofs and in particular succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs (so called zk-SNARKs) are getting increasingly used in real-world applications, with cryptocurrencies being the prime example. Simulation extractability (SE) is a strong security notion for zk-SNARKs which informally ensures non-malleability of proofs. The high importance of this property is acknowledged by leading companies in this field such as Zcash and underpinned by various attacks against the malleability of cryptographic primitives in the past. Another problematic issue for the practical use of zk-SNARKs is the requirement of a fully trusted setup, as especially for large-scale decentralized applications finding a trusted party that runs the setup is practically impossible. Quite recently, the study of approaches to relax or even remove the trust in the setup procedure, and in particular subversion as well as updatable zk-SNARKs (with latter being the most promising approach), has been initiated and received considerable attention since then. Unfortunately, so far SE-SNARKs with the aforementioned properties are only constructed in an ad-hoc manner and no generic techniques are available. In this paper, we are interested in such generic techniques and therefore firstly revisit the only available lifting technique due to Kosba et al. (called COCO) to generically obtain SE-SNARKs. By exploring the design space of many recently proposed SNARK- and STARK-friendly symmetric-key primitives we thereby achieve significant improvements in the prover computation and proof size. Unfortunately, the COCO framework as well as our improved version (called OCOCO) is not compatible with updatable SNARKs. Consequently, we propose a novel generic lifting transformation called LAMASSU. It is built using different underlying ideas compared to COCO (and OCOCO). In contrast to COCO it only requires key-homomorphic signatures (which allow to shift keys) covering well studied schemes such as Schnorr or ECDSA. This makes LAMASSU highly interesting, as by using the novel concept of so called updatable signatures, which we introduce in this paper, we can prove that LAMASSU preserves the subversion and in particular updatable properties of the underlying zk-SNARK. This makes LAMASSU the first technique to also generically obtain SE subversion and updatable SNARKs. As its performance compares favorably to OCOCO, LAMASSU is an attractive alternative that in contrast to COCO is only based on well established cryptographic assumptions.


The The contactless railway abrasion measurement system have to satisfy two conditions to increase the measurement accuracy as follows. The laser region projected on the rail have to be extracted without the geometrical distortion. The mapping of the acquired laser region data on the rail profile have to be matched with the cross section of rail, exactly. But, the conventional railway abrasion measurement system is required the post image processing with a camera model and a perspective transform for the exact mapping between the cross section of rail and the coordinate data extracted from a line laser region or the raw image obtained from a camera because the image captured from the camera has an oblique viewpoint. So, the measured rail profile data had limits to the measurement accuracy because of a discontinuity point. In this Paper, we propose the 3D rail profile reconstruction method to increase the accuracy of the railway abrasion measurement system applying the modified camera model and perspective transform to the image obtained from the bidirectional rail.


The fractions of crude oil and bituminous sandstone extraction were separated by chromatographic columns with four packing methods respectively,including alumina (5g),alumina: silica gel (3g∶2g,W∶W),silica gel: alumina (3g∶2g,W∶W) and silica (5g).The aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS),and the composition characteristics of molecular markers were compared and analyzed.The result shows that the four column chromatographic methods have a slight effect on the compositions of phenanthrenes,dibenzothiophenes,triarmatic-steranes markers in the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction,but the influence is severe in the occurrence of the naphthalenes.


TETRA-PAK® packages are composed with cellulose and a composite material composed with aluminum foil mutually covered by polyethylene. Recycling of an aluminum layer is often realized in thermal depolymerization process. In many cases, indirect heating methods are in use. According to this fact, total efficiencies of the process are at low values. In this paper possibilities of using the induction heating are analyzed for special aluminum thin foil characterized for TETRA-PAK®. Mathematical models of the heating process are presented and results of simulations performed by author's algorithms are discussed. Final results of the paper is the determination of total efficiencies of the presented processes and the comparison of the results with those for the classical devices.


The importance of sexual-content conversation between parents and children is still debatable. Especially in the eastern and Islamic culture that kind of communication still considered taboo. Parents' lack of awareness regarding their children's knowledge of sexual and reproductive health urges children to find information from others, like peers and media. This lead to an increase in sexually transmitted infection, teen pregnancy, and abortion among young girls. This research wants to know how Java-Moslem parents communicate with their children about reproduction and sexual health issue. Using a qualitative approach, four families are interviewed to describe their belief and communication pattern regarding these issues. This resulted in parents and children's perception in seeing this issue as an embarrassing topic, so they engage in less self-disclosure. They talk implicitly with both parties had a mutual tendency to avoid open and direct communication. Javanese culture does have an enormous role in restricting and limiting this important issue to be discussed toward constructive and preventive conversation.


This volume examines Evolution and Biogeography of Crustacea, one of the dominant groups of animals, especially in aquatic environments. The first part of this volume is dedicated to the explanation of the origins and successful establishment of the Crustacea in the oceans. In the second part the biogeography of the Crustacea is explored in order to infer how they conquered different biomes globally, while adapting to a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial conditions. A final section examines more general patterns and processes, and looks to the future. Collectively, these eighteen chapters provide a thorough exposition of present knowledge across the major themes in evolution and biogeography of crustaceans. They do this by summarizing what is known and providing novel analyses of patterns.


By Alan Solomon W ITHIN the past decade, studies by molecular geneticists on the composition and organization of immunoglobulin (Ig)-coding genes at the DNA level have vastly increased our understanding of the genetic mechanisms responsible for generating antibody diversity and for linking Ig synthesis to cellular differentiation. This new information, which has far-reaching biological and clinical implications, has come from research on B cell-related lymphocytic and plasma cell tumors and on their monoclonal Ig productsBence Jones proteins, myeloma proteins, and Waldenstr#{246}m macroglobulins. Bence Jones proteins, long recognized as a diagnostic hallmark of multiple myeloma, have a fundamental influence on the pathophysiological manifestations of this disease. Edelman and Gally'st seminal discovery, less than 25 years ago, that Bence Jones proteins represent homogeneous counterparts of Ig light polypeptide chains made evident the importance of these components as materials for the study of the immune system and confirmed their prediction that chemical analyses of Bence Jones proteins would provide a characteristic molecular structure for the light chain. This article updates earlier reviews of the subject23 and summarizes current knowledge of human light chain structure and the molecular genetic events involved in light chain synthesis.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the 7E Cycle Study Model and Interpersonal Intelligence on the understanding students' science concepts. This research was conducted at SDN Pelita Harapan Jaya 01. The research design used was treatment by level 2x2, with the independent variable being the learning cycle model 7e and conventional, the dependent variable was the understanding of the concept of science, and the moderator variable was interpersonal intelligence. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. The results of this study showed the learning cycle 7e model can improve students understanding of the science concept, so that this strategy can be used by elementary school teachers in energy source material. More over this model affects students understanding of science concepts depending on the level of students interpersonal intelligence. In addition students who have a high level of interpersonal intelligence have a higher science concept score compared to conventional learning.


The purpose of this article is to review select contributions regarding atheromatous coronary artery disease that have appeared during the past year. The review emphasizes the evolving role of molecular biology in our understanding of atherogenesis and smooth muscle cell proliferation, particularly relating to growth factors. Because endothelial injury initiates atherogenesis, the first part reviews the pathophysiologic responses to injury. The second focus is on the abnormal coronary vasodilator response of patients with early atherosclerosis. Increasingly, clinical data show that endothelial dysfunction from atherosclerosis results in abnormal coronary vasomotor control. Finally, evidence for currently proposed mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia in restenosis after coronary interventions, such as angioplasty and atherectomy, is reviewed. Stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to restenosis appears to be independent of the intervention employed.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the recent Russian Science and Technology Foresight – a full-fledged study targeted at the identification of the most promising areas of science and technology (S&T) development in Russia towards 2030 to ensure the realisation of the nation's competitive advantages. It was organised as a complex project involving dozens of organizations performing particular tasks under the overall coordination by the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) and more than 2,000 experts in various S&T fields.

Design/methodology/approach

Its methodology embraced a set of qualitative and quantitative methods and combined technology push and market pool approaches. For seven ST new markets and niches; innovation products and services; prospective technologies and RD assessment of the country's positions vis-a-vis global leaders; recommendations for S&T and innovation policies.

Findings

The paper covers prospective drivers of economic growth and relevant implications for anticipatory evidence-based policy; discussions of national challenges and building a common vision of the future among key stakeholders; the role of Foresight in particular as a communication platform that helps integrating stakeholder interests; strengthening existing and developing new capacities to increase national competitiveness; and to move up along existing and emerging global value chains.

Originality/value

The Russian S&T Foresight, being deeply integrated in the national policy, can be considered as an exemplar tool for "wiring up" the national innovation system (NIS) of an emerging economy with its specific features and problems facing large-scale challenges.


The use of green culture in the hydraulic system de sign,As well as give the analysis about how to lower the power consumption of system,how to reduce environment pollution;Recycle of hudraulic oil,And to improve ourselves' quality etc.


The depth of the loop seal of APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MWe) has 0.608 m depth while the U.S.EPR has 0.030 m depth [1]. The deeper loop seal of APR1400 and its impact can be more serious than in other PWRs because the deeper loop seal necessitates longer time to clear the loop seal and partial core uncovery can occur during this time. Therefore, an issue about loop seal and its impact on long term cooling during a postulated loss-of coolant accident (LOCA) was raised for the APR1400. In particular, a top slot break at a cold leg with a medium or small size break was concerned [2]. During this accident, a loop seal reformation after a loop seal clearing can lead a partial core uncover and core temperature excursion may occur. It is possible that the loop seal is reformed by primary steam condensation by steam generator heat transfer or safety injection water flooding (reverse flow to loop seal) after loop seal clearing. And then, pressure increase at the top core region due to the steam released from core. This pressurized steam pushes down the core level and partial core is uncovered. And core temperature excursion may occur. An experimental investigations for the top slot break at a cold leg have been performed as a test item of the 4th ATLAS-Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) [3]. This experiment (ID: LTC-CL-04R) was performed in ATLAS, an integral effect test facility. For this experiment, the safety injection pumps operated with maximum flow rate (about 0.3 kg/sec per pump) during their operating time. This condition is more conservative condition because larger amount of safety injection water increases reverse flow rate to loop seal and loop seal reformation is easily reformed. In the current study, an experiment (ID: LTC-CL-05) for the top slot break at a cold leg was repeated with nominal SIP flow rate to investigate SIP flow rate effect on the loop seal behaviors.


A rule is given for predicting wet-bulb temperature gradients. The rule is derived theoretically with the help of constants measured in experiments. A similar theory was published four years ago, and the analysis now includes the effects of radiation which were neglected then. The final result has been recast into a form that can be applied to practical cases much more readily than hitherto. A worked example is given. The rule has been applied to 88 temperature gradients observed underground, and the correlation between the observed gradients and the calculated gradients is very good. The heat exchanges are worked out in full detail in one case and a comparison is made between the effects of a wet floor and a dry floor. Although the detailed heat exchanges are very sensitive to the degree of wetness of the floor, the total heat flow from the rock and wet-bulb gradient in the air are not as sensitive to wetness as one might expect.


PURPOSE: A digitizer with a camera and a coordinate recognizing method thereof are provided to accurately and quickly recognize numbers corresponding to a coordinate pattern expressed by a coordinate pattern of an identification spot by using an image taken with the camera. CONSTITUTION: A camera(110) photographs a coordinate pattern on a pattern sheet. A coordinate recognizing device(120) analyzes and processes the photographed image to recognize a coordinate value indicated by the coordinate pattern. A digitizer is formed in a pen shape having a stem used for a grip. A pen core(140) is used for putting a tip on the pattern sheet when photographing the coordinate pattern on the pattern sheet. The central axis of the pen core is inclined against the central axis of the stem. An optical axis of the camera is parallel to the central axis of the pen core.


Abstract Pesticide treatments in citrus and olive tree orchards in Spain make up 30 and 42% of the production costs. One reason for the high cost of these treatments is due to the high percentage loss of pesticide out of the tree, due to the globular shape of their canopies and to the application of chemicals in the absence of trees. This wastage also produces an important environmental issue. The problem is similar in other cultures, and has lead to design alternative systems all over the world. With the aim of achieving a quality product and with consideration for the environment, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias has developed an automatic sprayer that, by means of an electronic control system, adapts the dose of product to the actual amount of leaf mass. The system is based on a cheap, 8-bit, conventional microcontroller, that receives information about the tree shape from two ultrasound sensors, and actuates through several electro-hydraulic valves mounted on a specially designed hydraulic circuit. The system allows the spraying higher doses in the central part of the tree, where there is more vegetation in globular shaped canopies. Under the conditions of our field test experiments, the system achieved savings of up to 37% of the product while maintaining the quality of the treatment. These savings depend on the size, shape and distance between trees in each particular orchard.


We calculate the effects on the satellite frequencies in NMR due to the changes in spatial variation length scale of the [MATH] vector.


INTRODUCTION In 2004, an FBI-Metropolitan Police Department Safe Streets Task Force began investigating Antoine Jones, owner of the D.C. nightclub "Levels" and suspected drug kingpin, for narcotics violations. (1) Mr. Jones allegedly ran a drug ring that consisted of at least nine other defendants and spanned from 2003 to 2005, involving hundreds of kilograms of cocaine shipped from Mexico. (2) During the investigation, law enforcement agents used a number of investigative techniques, one being Global Positioning System (GPS) surveillance. (3) The agents secretly planted a GPS device on the undercarriage of a Jeep exclusively driven by Mr. Jones, and for nearly one month the device continuously tracked his movements. (4) At the conclusion of the investigation, the Task Force obtained warrants and seized a large quantity of contraband from the homes of several of the defendants. (5) They also searched an alleged "stash house," and seized ninety-seven kilograms of cocaine, three kilograms of crack cocaine, and more than $800,000 (6)--making it the largest cocaine seizure in D.C. history. (7) The digital location pattern that resulted from the month-long tracking of Jones--including his visits to the "stash house"--was used as evidence implicating his involvement in the cocaine trafficking. (8) Mr. Jones was eventually convicted of conspiracy to distribute and to possess with intent to distribute five or more kilograms of cocaine and fifty grams or more of cocaine base. (9) On appeal, however, the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals overturned Jones's conviction. (10) Relying on a novel and potentially revolutionizing theory (11) in Fourth Amendment law--the "mosaic theory"--the D.C. Circuit held that prolonged GPS tracking constituted a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. (12) The "mosaic theory," often used in the national security context, (13) holds that individual law enforcement actions that are not searches become a search when aggregated, as the whole reveals more than the individual acts it comprises. (14) Thus, in the context of electronic tracking, this theory contends that although the tracking of each individual movement is not a search, when aggregated, the resulting location pattern becomes a search as it reveals more than the individual movements it comprises. (15) This Note suggests that despite the intuitive appeal of a "mosaic theory" in Fourth Amendment law, (16) it is not only wrong in principle but also impractical in application. Rather than resorting to an aggregation theory of the Fourth Amendment, this Note contends that the use of potentially invasive pattern-detecting technologies that are not deemed "searches" in the first instance should be statutorily regulated. Part I examines the historical origins of the Fourth Amendment and tracks its treatment of electronic tracking devices. Part II discusses Maynard and the "mosaic theory," and ultimately suggests that the "mosaic theory" is inconsistent with existing Fourth Amendment precedent. Part III explores the far-reaching implications of the "mosaic theory" in Fourth Amendment law. Finally, Part IV contends that rather than regulating pattern-detecting technologies constitutionally at the aggregate level, privacy interests should be statutorily protected. I. THE FOURTH AMENDMENT AND ELECTRONIC TRACKING DEVICES The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (17) At its core, the Fourth Amendment protects individuals from arbitrary and intrusive official conduct. (18) The Fourth Amendment's mandates apply only to governmental conduct, which amounts to a "search" or "seizure" within the meaning of the Amendment. …


The number of offspring produced by each parent---that is, the fecundity of reproducing individuals---varies among evolutionary computation methods and settings. In most prior work fecundity has been tied directly to selectivity, with higher selection pressure giving rise to higher fecundity among individuals selected to reproduce. In nature, however, there is a wider variety of strategies, with different organisms producing different numbers of offspring under the influence of a range of factors including not only selection pressure but also other factors such as environmental stability and competition within a niche. In this work we consider possible lessons that may be drawn from nature's approaches to these issues and applied to evolutionary computation systems. In particular, we consider ways in which fecundity can be dissociated from selectivity and situations in which it may be beneficial to do so. We present a simple modification to the standard evolutionary algorithm, called decimation, that permits high fecundity in conjunction with modest selection pressure and which could be used in various forms of evolutionary computation. We also present a simple example, showing that decimation can improve the problem-solving performance of a genetic algorithm when applied to a deceptive problem.


At one point or other all pet owners are confronted with the death of their pet. To safeguard public health and to prevent the transmission of disease, there are regulations concerning the burial of family pets. This article focuses on relevant regulations and potential risks and provides recommendations for the burial of family pets.


The purpose of this study is to investigate how peer responses in electronic (weblogs) and traditional modes result in differences in the nature of comments and actual revisions. Also this study conducts the social network analysis approach on the social aspects of peer response such as peer familiarity in electronic and traditional modes. Results reveal weblogs are invaluable tools that can enhance peer response interaction and actual revisions resulting in better writing. Additionally, the effects of peer response on revision is not a simple cause and effect matter, but rather a complex one, dependent upon multiple factors within the evolving peer response interaction. There is meaningful correlation between peer response and peer familiarity implying that peer familiarity might be an important factor to enhance peer response. One important pedagogical implication of the study is that FL writing researchers and teachers should consider students' social factors so that the most effective peer review can occur.


Analysis of spectra of the quasar 3C 390.3 covering a period of over 20 yr shows that the blueshifted peak of Hβ has been changing its radial velocity at an almost constant rate during this time. The radial velocity has increased by over 1500 km s-1. The lower limit to the period of radial velocity changes is 210 yr. Although very long periods cannot be excluded by the radial velocity curve alone, other considerations suggest that the period is ~300 yr. If the radial velocity changes are due to orbital motion, the radius of the orbit is ~0.3 pc and the total mass of the system is ~7 × 109 M☉. In the binary black hole model, the masses of the two holes are ~2.2 × 109 M☉ and ~4.4 × 109 M☉. A possible third peak claimed to be present in some 1974-1975 spectra is shown to be an instrumental artifact. The narrowness of the displaced peaks in 3C 390.3 objects requires that the broad-line region cloud motions are not governed solely by gravity. The black hole masses derived by Koratkar & Gaskell need to be increased significantly. This probably lowers accretion efficiencies to less than 1% of the Eddington limit.


We classify equivariant topological complex vector bundles over real projective plane under a compact Lie group (not necessarily effective) action. It is shown that nonequivariant Chern classes and isotropy representations at (at most) three points are sufficient to classify equivariant vector bundles over real projective plane except one case. To do it, we relate the problem to classification on two-sphere through the covering map because equivariant vector bundles over two-sphere have been already classified.


The objective is to evaluate the knowledge and conduct adopted by dentistry students regarding the care of HIV-positive patients. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out between June and December 2020. The work was approved by the Ethics Committee of the UNIFACID University Center under the number 075913/2020. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire to dentistry students from the 6th to the 10th period of a University Center in Teresina. The data were tabulated in Excel® and analyzed descriptively. 97 students participated, predominantly female (73.2%, n=71), aged 20-29 years (93.8%, n = 91), who use the mask and cap (79.4%, n=77), surgical gown (86.6%, n=84) and gloves (82.5%, n=80). The majority (85.6%, n=83) confirmed that they received positive serum patients, even though they showed concern about the risk of infection (96.9%, n=94). A part (18.6%; n=18) reported having suffered injury with sharp material, however, only 8.2% (n=8) underwent anti-HIV testing. As for the care adopted: 94.8% (n=92) would conduct sanitizing with water and soap and the use of antiseptics (81.4%, n=79). There was no consensus on the right to deny the service, the amount charged and the environment indicated for the service, but all are safe and prepared to manage the patient with positive serum, insecure to bloody procedures (59.8%, n=58) and diagnosis of oral lesions (51.5%, n=50). Academics are concerned about the risks, but they show scientific and technical knowledge about the disease, which makes them show safety in the care of positive serum patients.


In this paper, the costs and benefits of reform of the electricity industry in Australia are assessed. Issues addressed include the National Grid and the National Electricity Market, corporatisation, competitive restructuring, regulation, and privatisation.


In this article we have reported about implementation of the 'mastery learning' pedagogy in a systems analysis and design project course. The approach has been used successfully for five years. As a consequence of use of this pedagogical approach, over 90% of students attained a pre-defined level of competence in significant techniques of analysis and design before passing the course. The most important drawback was about the large time commitment on the part of students and the instructor to make the process work.


Autonomous learning is the ability that learners should acquire in student-center class. How to foster the students' ability to study on their own has been probed for ages in English teaching.That many students lack the initiative to study and some teachers know little about autonomous learning, along with the insufficiency of the necessary equipment makes it hard for students to study on their own. It is necessary for teachers to create good environments and transform the traditional teaching methods. Stimulating students' lasting interests in study and developing their study strategies are also very important.


Oil-water-gas three-phase flow experimental facility is a equipment to calibrate the production well-logging instrument, and it also is a indispensable equipment to make interpretation plate, study interpretation method and verify interpretation data. The structure, main uses, design accuracy index, technological process and running process of the facility are briefly expatiated by this facility already built. The facility at present has been used to calibrate the inject and output well-logging instrument, the results of experiment are analyzed, and some useful conclusion and advice to the interpretation of the production logging data are put forward. The practical use results show that the facility can meet the demand of the development and calibration of the production instruments.


Managing the distribution process for perishable product is quite challenging. This study extends a classical vehicle routing problem with time windows and time dependent travel time. It consider the uncertainty of perishable products' characteristics in the delivery process through balancing the load in each vehicle. This multi-objective balance cargo vehicle routing problem with time windows and time dependent (MOBCVRPTWTD) is solved by minimizing total cost and balancing the load in each vehicle. This model also considers the uncertainty of travel time which depend on travel congestion. The proposed model is solved using fuzzy multi-objective gradient evolution (GE) algorithm. In this paper, the original GE algorithm is modified into discrete GE algorithm and combined with fuzzy technique in order to solve multi-objective problem. The proposed method is verified using two data sets and compared with genetic algorithm (GA). The computational experiment shows that GE algorithm is able to find better result in shorter computational time.


This article aims to expose how the general average has historically evolved in different countries, subject to the principles of mutual security and common benefit, and the requirements for an act to be considered general average under the York-Antwerp Rules. Through the literature review and jurisprudence on the subject, we seek to ratify that the general average is, so far, the best op-tion for equitable distribution of unforeseen losses and damages that arise during a maritime adventure. However, one can criticize it for its cost, delay in solution, and lack of uniformity.


Using elementary considerations from statistical mechanics, it is suggested that convective variability in equilibrium can be characterised as a system of convective updraughts, randomly located in space, and with an exponential distribution of mass flux. The predictions for the magnitude and distribution of convective variability that result from this argument are confirmed to a high degree of quantitative accuracy in simulations in a cloud-resolving model. A stochastic cumulus parameterisation is described that imposes this variability. Initial tests in a single column model conform to expectations. 1. Statistics of convective equilibrium Cumulus parameterisation schemes are usually based on the assumption of an equilibrium, in which the large scale interacts deterministically with the statistical properties of the convection. For equilibrium to be realised, there must be a scale separation, where the large-scale flow is slowly varying over times and distances large enough to average out the effects of the individual convective clouds. If the resolution of the model using the parameterisation is finer than the intrinsic scales of the convection the behaviour of the convection in a given grid box will be stochastic, but with the known equilibrium statistics. It is clearly of interest to identify the relevant scales: the time scale of adjustment to equilibrium, the length scale required to average out convective variability and the magnitude of the fluctuations about equilibrium that occur in a small region of a given size. In this note, we develop such a statistical characterisation of the convective scale behaviour, and use it to develop a stochastic parameterisation scheme. To do this, we need to consider the underlying processes at the "microscopic" level, that is to say, at the level of the individual clouds. An essential part of this programme is to test the statistical theory and parameterisation against simulations from a cloud-resolving model (CRM) that has been run to equilibrium with a uniform forcing. The setup is summarised below, and details may be found in the references (Cohen and Craig 2004, 2005). • Resolution: 2 km x 2 km x 50 levels • Domain: 128 x 128 km (256 x 256 km for some experiments) • Boundary conditions: doubly periodic, fixed SST of 300 K • Forcings: fixed tropospheric cooling of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 K/day, vertical wind shear of 0, 0.2 m/s/km, 2 m/s/km 2. Timescale of Adjustment to Equilibrium Following Cohen and Craig (2004), consider the response of a convecting atmosphere to a step function perturbation in cooling rate. As shown in Fig. 1, the convective mass flux adjusts in two stages: an initial rapid adjustment (in the first hour or so), followed by a slow evolution over many days. The rapid shift CRAIG ET AL.: STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND STOCHASTIC CONVECTIVE PARAMETERISATION 108 represents the adjustment to a new equilibrium state, while the slow evolution is associated with changes in tropospheric moisture and can be considered as a drift in the large-scale environment of the convection. Figure 1: Convective mass flux as a function of time for a simulation in equilibrium with a constant forcing of -8 K/day, changed to -16 K/day at day 11. An important result is that the time scale is proportional to the spacing of the clouds, being more rapid when the clouds are densely packed. This is shown in Fig. 2 which shows the evolution of the mass flux, when a forcing of -8 K/day is changed to forcings of -4, -12, -16 K/day. It can be seen in Fig. 2(b) that when the mass flux is rescaled by its quasi-equilibrium value (after rapid adjustment) and the time axis by cloud spacing distance, the curves become essentially identical.


The role of background wind and moisture in the atmospheric response to oceanic eddies during winter in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region is examined by numerical experiments (EXPs) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We designed two sets of parallel experiments (dry and wet EXPs). The dry EXPs exclude the moisture in the air and the evaporation process. Each experiment differs only in the background wind speed during the initial condition. The wet EXPs include humidity in the initial condition and evaporation during the integration; the other settings are the same as the dry EXPs. The atmosphere in the two sets of EXPs are forced by the same mesoscale sea surface temperature anomaly which resembles the oceanic warm eddy in KE region. The results of these EXPs confirm that under weak background wind conditions, the atmospheric secondary circulation over oceanic eddies is driven by the pressure adjustment process due to weak advection. In the case of the dry run, the increase in background wind enhances the sea surface wind (SSW) by increasing vertical mixing. The convergence of SSW induces vertical motion and heating in the boundary layer, which further decreases the instability. The atmospheric secondary circulation in the dry run remains within the boundary layer. In wet EXPs, the atmospheric response is similar to that in dry runs when the background wind is very weak. When the background wind speed is increased to the climatology value (in KE region) or higher, the vertical motion triggers the precipitation process and diabatic heating above the boundary layer, and the heating in turn reinforces the upward flow.


Anatase TiO2 have been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method,using organic solvent TEA as mineralizer and Ti(OH)4 as precursor.The influences of different hydrothermal temperature,hydrothermal time,concentration of TEA and reaction kettle filling degree on photocatalytic activity were studied.It is found that when mineralizer concentration is 0.5mol·L-1,reactor filled with degree is 80%,hydrothermal temperature is 170℃,hydrothermal time is 9h,the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 prepared for the degradation of methyl orange is the best.


Institutional self-evaluation is becoming increasingly pertinent as the student population becomes more diverse and higher education institutions become more customer focused. This paper describes the philosophy and early stages of a large-scale institutional self-evaluation project, based at and funded by the University of Leeds. UNIQoLL (UNIversity Quality of Life and Learning) aims to monitor student well-being over time, on a university-wide basis. It explores students' perceptions of strengths and weaknesses in the university's academic and service infrastructure and the relationship of these perceptions to student well-being. It aims to 'close the loop' by facilitating change in academic and service infrastructure in the light of emerging findings in order to enhance the student experience. The focus on student psychological well-being in addition to satisfaction, the longitudinal approach and the university- wide scope make UNIQoLL unique as a system of institutional self-evaluation. A pilot study in which 23 departments ( n =3667 students) participated is described to illustrate the procedures and underlying philosophy of UNIQoLL. Selected findings from two pilot surveys are presented to illustrate the potential of the project in providing relevant and useful information for academic departments, university support services and university managers. Illustrative data relating to academic issues, accommodation, student finances and student well-being are presented. Long-term success of an institutional self-evaluation project like UNIQoLL depends on the active cooperation of and ownership of findings by departments, students and university agencies. It also needs procedures to be sufficiently rigorous to generate robust findings and yet be sufficiently manageable to be feasible and sustainable.


A theoretical model of the high-frequency electrical conductivity of a semiconductor nanolayer is constructed within the framework of the quantum theory of transport phenomena. The layer thickness can be comparable to and less than the de Broglie wavelength of charge carriers. The isoenergy surface has the shape of an ellipsoid of revolution, the main axis of which is parallel to the layer plane. Analytical expressions are derived for the conductivity tensor components as a function of dimensionless thickness, electric field frequency, chemical potential, ellipticity parameter, and surface roughness parameters. The dependences of the longitudinal and transverse conductivity tensor components on the above parameters are analyzed. The results are compared for the cases of a degenerate and non-degenerate electron gas. A comparative analysis of theoretical calculations with known experimental data for a silicon film is performed.


Lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing requires normal pooled plasma (NPP) in performing mixing studies and can be used for normalized ratios of clotting times (CTs). The aims were to demonstrate whether significant differences in clotting times between two batches of a same commercial NPP (CRYOcheck™) directly affect NPP‐based cut‐off values.


Although authoritarian rule of law may seem an oxymoron, strategic reconfigurations of the "rule of law" can produce acceptance of law that observes procedure while erasing rights. By bringing into conjunction critical discourse theory and scholarship on the legal professions and political liberalism, this article shows how rulers can deploy rhetoric and legislation to produce derogations from the liberal content of rule of law while sustaining a state legitimacy built on claims to state realizations of rule of law. A close analysis of Singapore's Vandalism Act shows that silencing the critique of lawyers and constraining the power of judges has been crucial to a legitimation of the surveillance and criminalization of dissenters. The consolidation of state power effected via law and discourse might be seen as making the nation a notional panopticon—corporal punishment, even if conducted behind prison walls, becomes instructive public spectacle conveying the state's seeming omniscience and monopolistic command of law.


After the market-oriented reform of grain in China,the production,circulation,consumption and trade of grain have changed greatly,which brought many new problems for China' grain safety.Through analysis,we find out that the main risk characteristic index of grain safety-index of supply-demand imbalance-appears vague and random.By introducing uncertain entropy concept in metrics system to Markov Chain and applying the supply-demand imbalance to construct a risk warning model of grain safety based on Markov Chain,we can realize dynamic risk warning to grain safety,output warning result,and provide decision aiding for administrative department of grain safety.


The Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type I (DPT-1) is the first large-scale clinical trial to determine whether injected/oral insulin or GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) can prevent or delay the onset of type I diabetes in those at risk. DPT-1 researchers need to screen 60,000-80,000 relatives of people with type I diabetes to get 830 eligible study subjects. About 8,000 people have been screened since February—just 10% of the goal—so DPT-1 is looking to physicians across the country for help. DPT-1 needs physicians to direct family members of patients to a screening site, collect and submit blood samples, or have their clinic become a screening site. The initial screening test is for islet cell antibodies (ICAs). DPT-1 researchers are looking for ICA-positive individuals; only 3.6% of relatives of people with type 1 diabetes will be ICA positive. This is an opportunity to screen family members of patients. "Many of my families have asked whether they should get their children tested for ICAs," says pediatric endocrinologist William Tamborlane, MD, Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology at Yale University School of Medicine and screening site researcher for the DPT-1. Because type I diabetes often runs in families, parents worry. "Every time a child is drinking a little more, going to the bathroom a little more, his parents want to check his blood glucose," says Dr. Tamborlane. "It's always an ongoing concern." In the past, Dr. Tamborlane would typically discourage people from getting an ICA test because the test was not perfect and nothing could be done about the outcome. "It almost seemed like a lose-lose proposition," says Dr. Tamborlane. "If you were ICA negative, you wouldn't stop worrying because even a negative test didn't exclude diabetes, and you would just worry more if you were ICA positive." This is a way to begin to offer something to people at risk for type I diabetes. "Low-dose insulin therapy might be a way to delay the onset of diabetes," states Dr. Tamborlane. "I tell my patients that this is like trying to induce a 'honeymoon phase' before you actually get diabetes." Injections of insulin have prevented diabetes in animals and delayed it in humans. Repeated ingestion of insulin or GAD has inhibited the development of diabetes in NOD mice. "DPT-1 meets a need that our patients have asked about [ICA testing]. It's a first step toward trying to delay the onset of diabetes, and the treatment is readily accomplished with minimal risk," says Dr. Tamborlane. Families can be screened for free at 1 of the 10 study centers or at 1 of the 250 screening sites located throughout the U.S. in all but a few states (see lists that follow). The DPT-1 distinguishes between two types of screening sites: satellite and affiliate. Satellites are strictly for ICA screening. Affiliates do screening and staging. Staging involves additional testing of ICA-positive individuals to determine their degree of risk for developing type I diabetes. Tests include the following: • insulin autoantibodies. • oral glucose tolerance test. • intravenous glucose tolerance tests to assess first-phase insulin release. • DNA extraction for molecular HLA-DQ typing (to look for diabetes-protection genes). Based on these tests, people will be identified as being at either intermediate or high risk of developing diabetes within the next 5 years. Depending on their level of risk, participants will be placed in one of two groups. Those at high risk, who have a more than 50% chance of developing diabetes, will be assigned to the insulin injection trial. Half of those in this trial will receive insulin, the other half will not. Those randomized to the treatment group will inject a low dose of long-acting human insulin twice a day, test blood glucose levels four times in one day every 2 months, and be hospitalized once a year for several days for intravenous infusions of insulin. This trial has already begun. Those at intermediate risk, who have a 25-50% chance of developing diabetes, will be assigned to the oral insulin/ GAD trial. Half of the participants will take a capsule of oral insulin and/or GAD,


Crude drug bag-infusion is a new pattern of the traditional Chinese medicine.To introduce its design principle and clinical application,briefly analyze its market prospect.


design factors which influence weldability include casting shape, its stiffness and type of welded joint. The influence of casting stiffness on weldability, understood as susceptibility to hot cracking, in conditions of constant joint stiffness has been determined on the basis of the Fisco test results, and in conditions of varying stiffness on the basis of the Houldcroft test


In this study,the national main cultivated varieties of tobacco(K326,Yunyan87,Yunyan85 and Yunyan97) were taken as the test material to compare the differences in agronomic traits,economic indicators(yield,output value and the proportion of superior and secondary tobacco,etc.) and tobacco leaf quality of them in six different flue-cured tobacco producing areas of Pu'er(Anding town,Wenjing town,Yutang town,Yunxian town,Tianba town and Zhentai town).The results showed that Yunyan87 and Yunyan97 had better comprehensive performances in Anding town;Yunyan97 and Yunyan85 had better overall performances in Wenjing town;Yunyan97 and Yunyan87 ha better overall performances in Yutang town;Yunyan87 and Yunyan85 had better comprehensive performances in Yunxian town;Yunyan87 and Yunyan97 had better comprehensive performances in Tianba town;Yunyan97 and Yunyan85 had better overall performances in Zhentai town.Among the six experimental places,Yunyan97,Yunyan87 and Yunyan85 had better comprehensive performances in five places,four places and three places,respectively,but K326 expressed worse in all of the places.


Secure network coding realizes the secrecy of the message when the message is transmitted via noiseless network and a part of edges or a part of intermediate nodes are eavesdropped. In this framework, if the channels of the network has noise, we apply the error correction to noisy channel before applying the secure network coding. In contrast, secure physical layer network coding is a method to securely transmit a message by a combination of coding operation on nodes when the network is given as a set of noisy channels. In this paper, we give several examples of network, in which, secure physical layer network coding realizes a performance that cannot be realized by secure network coding.


Using the gridless smooth particle hydrodynamic(SPH) numerical technique of AUTODYN-2D hydrocode,the characteristics of behind armour debris(BAD)cloud originating from normal impact of cylindrical tungsten projectile on a rolled homogeneous armour plate at velocities ranging form 1.5 to (2.5 km/s) are simulated. From the simulations the target hole diameter,cloud frontal velocity,lateral expansion velocity and maximum emission angle of BAD were obtained for several impact velocities. Based on the results of simulations,an analytical model predicting the mass distribution and spatial distribution of BAD cloud was setup. The results of both simulations and model predictions showed a good agreement with the experimental values.


Bradford was a small, dapper man, dressed immaculately in expensive suits, and in the rose season never without a perfect specimen in his button‐hole. He walked with his feet turned out in a very characteristic fashion and out of doors used a heavy walking‐stick. He obtained his degree by study at night‐school and his D.Sc. by research carried out in his office in the Library. Any ordinary person would have been deterred by the lack of normal facilities such as water, gas, electrical points (the room was heated by a coal fire!). He arrived punctually at the then official starting time of 10 a.m., lunched off sandwiches in his room, and went home at the official time of 4.50 p.m. In between he worked like a beaver. After he became Keeper of the Library his scientific work was of a theoretical nature as he had by then got his D.Sc. Anything he wanted to achieve he worked at against all odds and would never give up no matter what obstacles were put in his way, in his library work as in his scientific.


Difficulties of two opinions on origins of biomolecular asymmetry are analysed in thispaper. Absorbing the reasonable parts from both opinions, we here suggest a new viewpointof that external asymmetric agent plays a selection role near the bifurcation point of a non-linear autocatalytic reaction system of chiral antipodes. Meanwhile, the relationship of mirrorsymmetry breaking to the irreversibility and the nonlinearity of reactions is discussed.