In this paper we investigate the sounder, acoustically identified a widespread origin and geologic significance of the closely ash layer in the eastern Pacific. Hersey [1965] spaced high-frequency subbottom acoustic and Ryan et al. [1965], also working at high reflectors characteristic of pelagic carbonates. frequencies, correlated reflectors in the A detailed survey was conducted of a small area Tyrrhenian Abyssal Plain with turbidite in the equatorial Pacific with the Marine sands and ash layers. Physical Laboratory's Deep-Tow instrument The decreased resolution of low-frequency package, providing high-resolution 4-kHz (air gun, sparker) reflection profiles makes profiles and precise positioning of core stratigraphic correlation even more difficult. samples. The cores were sampled at closely Before the Deep Sea Drilling Project, deep spaced intervals for sound velocity and horizons could only be sampled where they saturated bulk density. Acoustic impedances appeared to outcrop [Ewing et al., 1966; Saito were calculated, and a reflection coefficient et al., 1966; Windisch et al., 1968]. This log determined for the upper 10 m of the approach is plagued by uncertainty caused by the sediment column. The reflection coefficient log poor resolution of the seismic system and the revealed no interfaces with large reflection lack of control on the position of the sample. coefficients that correlated with the reflectors The results of the drilling program proved to be seen on the Deep-Tow 4-kHz seismic profile. The of tremendous value in determining the calculated reflection •oefficients were very low relationship between the seismic and the (typically 10 -•10 -•) and varied about a geologic record. During the first two legs of wavelength that was on the order of the the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Ewing et al. wavelength of the 4-kHz pulse, implying that [1970] established that horizons A and A", interference plays a role in the composition of prominent reflective zones in the North Atlantic the seismic record. Convolving the outgoing and Caribbean, respectively, were caused by 4-kHz pulse with the reflection coefficient log layers of chert. Subsequently, at many of the generated a synthetic seismogram that very Deep Sea Drilling Project sites, correlations closely resembled the 4-kHz reflection profile. have been drawn between reflective zones and Varying the frequency of the outgoing pulse cored materials, but as was also true with the changed the amplitude and position of the high-frequency work, those correlations reflectors seen on the synthetic seismograms. established have been with major lithologic Thus we conclude that the reflectors seen on the boundaries (e.g., sediment-basement, 4-kHz seismic profile were not caused by carbonate-chert, turbidites, and ash). It is discrete geologic horizons but rather are the certainly not surprising that the impedance result of the interference of many small layers. contrasts associated with these types of interfaces would reflect a substantial amount of Introduction energy. What requires further examination, however, is the significance of the numerous Since the inception of seismic reflection reflectors that cannot be directly tied to such profiling, the geologic significance of lithologic contrasts. This problem is reflecting horizons has been an issue of key particularly acute in pure pelagic carbonate importance. These profiles have served as an sections which, in a coarse sense, appear invaluable tool for understanding geologic homogenous in cores and, yet, typically show a structure, but their close resemblance to a large number of closely spaced reflectors. geologic cross section has prompted numerous Schlanger and Douglas [1974] discuss a investigators to assume a direct correlation diagenetic model for the origin of these between the acoustic and stratigraphic record. reflectors. They emphasize the possible The validity of this assumption, however, is relationship between •he reflectors and questionable. As Sheriff [1977] points out, paleoceanographic events such as glacioeustatic stratigraphic interpretation of seismic sections sea level changes and shifts of the calcite must be constrained by knowledge of geophysical compensation depth. If the relationship between limitations, for, as '... most reflections are the acoustic record and such events can be more interference composites, there is no one-to-one precisely established, then seismic profiling correspondence between seismic events and could become an important paleoceanographic interfaces in the earth.' tool. On a finer scale (at higher frequencies) This is not to say, however, that it is the carbonates continue to show this impossible, directly, to correlate an acoustic characteristic acoustic stratigraphy. Many of horizon with a lithologic one. Indeed, in one these higher-frequency reflectors are shallow of the earliest applications of subbottom enough in the sediment column to be reached with profiling, Worzel [1959], using a 12-kHz echo standard piston cores; thus they can be studied without the expense and complications of deep Copyright 1979 by the American Geophysical Union. sea drilling. With this in mind a study was Paper number 8Bl113. 0148-O227 / 79 / O08B-1113501.00 6177 6178 Mayer: Fine Scale Acoustic Stratigraphy Computer processing of the received signal provides a real-time display in several forms (Figures la-ld) and attains the theoretical near-bottom position of the source also reduces many of the ambiguities that might result from lateral inhomogeneities in the acoustic structure and permits substantial penetration (typically 100 m) into the sediment column. Thus the problem of poor resolution is


This article seeks to identify "Greeks" and "non-Greeks" in "mixed" mortuary contexts in a Greek colony. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that Illyrian and Greek individuals lived and were buried together at the Corinthian colony of Apollonia, Albania (established ca. 600 BC). The pattern of human biological interaction at Apollonia is tested by identifying variation in genetic relatedness using biodistance analysis of dental and cranial nonmetric traits for three sites: Apollonia (n = 116), its founder-city Corinth (n = 69), and Lofkënd (n = 108), an inland site near Apollonia pre-dating colonization. Logistic regression analysis estimates that individuals from colonial Apollonia are most closely related to prehistoric Illyrian populations (from Lofkënd and prehistoric Apollonia), rather than Greeks (from Corinth). The phenotypic similarity between colonial Apollonia and prehistoric Illyria suggests that there was a large Illyrian contribution to the gene pool at the colony of Apollonia. However, some trait combinations show low biological distances among all groups, suggesting homogeneity among Illyrian and Greek populations (assessed through pseudo-Mahalanobis' D(2) ). The degree of phenotypic similarity suggests shared ancestry and long-term migration throughout these regions. The impacts of missing data and small sample sizes are also considered.


To investigate the relationship between backbone motions and the structural environment of a peptide sequence, we have used 15N NMR relaxation data to characterize the backbone motions of the "cham...


A newsoftness display system hasbeendeveloped whichisbasedontheprinciple ofdeformable length of elastic element control. (DLEEC) Inthis system, operator canfeel thesoftness ofthevirtual objects withthesoftness display device. Compared withother haptic device, the device ispassive andexert thereact force onlywhenthe operator "actively touch" thevirtual objects. Thestability ofthesoftness display system isanalyzed, andsome experimental results arepresented toshowthevalidity of theproposed approach. Keyword:Softness display; elastic beam;virtual reality; Passive;


Objective To assess the differences between the compositions of the intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetes(T2DM) and healthy persons;and thus to investigate the correlation between fast plasma glucose(FPG) and microbiota;furthermore,to study the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the development of T2DM.Methods This study included 55 T2DM patients and 57 healthy participants.Total DNA was extracted from collected stool samples and submitted to real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) with primers targeting V3 region of the 16srRNA gene.Results There was no significant difference between T2DM patients and controls in total bacteria,Clostridium coccoides,Lactobacillus,Escherichia coli counts(P = 0.586,P = 0.394,P = 0.611,P = 0.270,respectively).Compare with controls,the Clostridium leptum,Bifidobacterium,Enterococcus counts were significantly increased(P 0.01),while Bacteroides significantly reduced(P = 0.07) in T2DM patients.There was no significant difference in Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus or Escherichia coli proportion between the two groups(P = 0.094,P = 0.642,P = 0.231,respectively);while in T2DM patients,the proportions of Clostridium leptum and Enterococcus were significantly increased(P = 0.005,P = 0.000,respectively),as the Bacteroides/Clostridium coccoides proportion significantly reduced(P = 0.019).Furthermore,the Enterococcus count and proportion were significantly positively correlated with plasma glucose concentration in T2DM patients(P 0.05),while the Bacteroides and Bacteroides/Clostridium coccoides counts were significantly negatively correlated with plasma glucose concentration(P = 0.009 and P = 0.033,respectively).Conclusion T2DM is associated with compositional changes in intestinal microbiota.The modification of intestinal microbiota should be considered in plasma glucose control for T2DM patient.


The Ministry of Finance of Ecuador is the body responsible for issuing different accounting standards, which must be complied with by non-financial public sector entities. These standards are mandatory and simplify the recording of economic facts, which must be carried out under current regulations . This paper presents a practical case where it will be possible to know the accounting records that arise in the different monetary obligations, based on the current legislation such as the Technical Accounting Standard, Technical Budget Standard and other documents exclusively used by public entities. Will include different current scientific articles, which will be cited and interpreted and other information relevant to the topic. Thus we can conclude that the registration of the different monetary transactions based on the different norms that seek uniformity in the information and to know better that the monetary obligations are contracted, this example also proposes to analyze the accounts to be intervened and their relation with the Rules that intervene.


Only a few studies have reported muscle imaging data on small cohorts of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We aimed to investigate the muscle involvement in a large cohort of patients in order to refine the pattern of muscle involvement, to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle weakness, and to identify potential imaging biomarkers for disease activity and severity.


U.S. National Energy Policy encourages the expanded use of nuclear energy while emphasizing the need for improved safeguards and proliferation resistance. The National Energy Policy, published in May 2001 cites that 'The National Energy Policy Development (NEPD) Group recommends that the President support the expansion of nuclear energy in the United States as a major component of our national energy policy.' However, the U.S. policy also emphasizes that the expansion of nuclear energy must be supported by the development of advanced safeguards and more proliferation resistant technologies. U.S. energy policy promotes emission free energy that is sustainable and economically viable. Current carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are approaching a record levels Of 380 ppm. It is widely believed that we are quickly approaching a 'carbon wall' when the concentrations reach somewhere between 450 ppm and 750 ppm. Further increases in CO{sub 2} concentrations in the atmosphere are likely to result in serious changes in the atmosphere, even though the severity of the consequences may be debatable. Thus, to meet the growing energy demand worldwide, emission free energy sources are needed. At present, nuclear power is the only large-scale energy production technology that is economically competitive with fossil fuels. U.S.more » energy policy promotes the expansion of nuclear power while continuing research in 'renewable energy' forms. Meeting the growing energy demand of developing nations by clean energy forms is essential for world peace, prosperity and environmental integrity. Energy use will grow as developing countries achieve affluence. Affluence in developing countries will lead to more stable and peaceful world. Note that a world of 10 billion people consuming energy as US citizens do today would raise the world energy demand by 10 fold. Such a growth via the use of fossil fuel will result in resource shortfalls and regional conflicts, and serious environmental impact. Therefore, worldwide expansion of nuclear energy use is a natural development and will occur. However, while for world peace and prosperity, this outcome is encouraged, it is important to recognize that nuclear material management is becoming an important International issue that requires a unified solution. To promote the growth of nuclear energy, four major programs are ongoing in the U.S. lead by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology: (1) 201 0 Initiative, (2) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), (3) Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI), and (4) Generation IV (Gen IV) Initiative. 2010 Initiative focuses on exploring new sites, developing the business case for nuclear energy, developing the Generation III+ technologies, and demonstrating new NRC process for nuclear plant licensing. AFCI is focused on research for recovery of energy value from SNF, reducing the inventory of civilian Plutonium and the toxicity and heat of waste, and more effective use of the repository. GEN IV initiative is conducting research for better, safer, and more economic nuclear power plants with improvements in safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection, economic competitiveness and sustainability. Finally, NHI is developing technologies for economic, commercial-scale generation of hydrogen.« less


It was focused on how to use the neural net in railway volume anticipation, and anticipated the railway freight transportation, analysised the error of anticipation model. The purpose was that advance railway freight transportation volume anticipation ability, implemented the rationality of railway freight transportation.


Abstract:  Tuberculosis (TB) is well known to be associated with poverty and multiple social factors. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the behavioural factors, apart from those associated with drug abuse, alcoholism and HIV infection. In recent years, the roles of other lifestyle‐related factors have been increasingly recognized. In particular, smoking has been associated with excess risks of TB infection, disease and mortality. Only limited evidence is available for the association between TB disease and passive smoking or the use of biomass fuels. Nutrition status also plays an important role. Malnutrition or underweight is associated with increased risk of TB disease, and obesity appears to be protective. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus increases the risk of TB disease, but mainly among those with poor diabetic control. Although the increase in TB risk is only modest for most lifestyle factors, their prevalences are increasing rapidly in some Asian communities. Furthermore, as much as one‐third of the world population is thought to be latently infected with the tubercle bacillus. The successful introduction of directly observed therapy—short course (DOTS) might have rapidly reduced the ongoing risk of transmission in many parts of Asia. However DOTS alone is unlikely to eliminate the continuing emergence of infectious tuberculosis cases through endogenous reactivation among the large pool of latently infected subjects in the Asia–Pacific region. With the close interaction between lifestyle, aging population and aging TB epidemic, promotion of healthy lifestyle may help to complement the DOTS strategy in the control of TB.


Heavy oil,as a very important resource,is increasingly attracting people's interests and the performance of normal exploiting technology,such as steam stimulation and steam flooding need to be improved.Based on the normal exploitation technology of heavy oil,the numerical simulation method is employed to research combined thermal recovery technology of heavy oil.Some technical parameters,such as switching time,injection rate of steam,production factor and steam quality are optimized,some conclusions are drawn as follows: 1 the best transition moment from steam huff and puff to steam assistant gravity drainage(SAGD) is when the temperature between the injection and the production well is 120 centigrade degree;the most appropriate injection rate of steam is 100-150m3/day,production factor 1.2,steam quality above 0.5,2 a suitable schemes to recover an unexploited oil field is steam assistant gravity drainage after some turns of steam huff and puff.


In the title molecule, C15H17NO3, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two furyl rings is 72.4 (1)°. The ethyl group and the furyl rings have equatorial orientations. Molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Abstract In February of 1960, the most powerful cyclone in Mauritian history, Carol, made landfall. In its wake, the British colonial state embarked on a reconstruction effort that would reshape the island for decades to come. This study examines how Afro-descendant Creole Mauritians understood Carol at the moment of its landfall and produced social meaning in the reconstruction efforts that followed. It sheds light in particular on the construction of cités, 'cyclone-proof' housing estates meant to permanently shelter those left homeless, at a moment when questions of racial coexistence defined debates over the end of empire. It shows that the building of the cités and the prospect of home ownership they allowed would become important touchstones in contemporary Afro-Mauritian notions of belonging and permanence in a society structured by racial exclusion. In so doing, this essay emphasizes the importance of the natural world to narratives of diasporic community in the southwest Indian Ocean.


Objective To investigate the levels of IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) of the rat molar after the removal of orthodontic forces.Methods Twenty Wistar male rats were installed with orthodontic teeth movement devices.Ten days later the devices were wiped off.The GCF of maxillary first molar was collected on the fourth,eighth and twelveth days after the devices were put off.The GCF was also collected before the equipments were fixed.ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and the results processed statistical analysis.Results Device removal after 4th day,the levels of IL-6 were the highest of all the groups(P0.05).While the levels in the 8th day and the 12th day have similar resultant values(P0.05).And the levels of IL-6 before the devices installed were lower compared with the 8th day and the 12th day(P0.05).Conclusion Orthodontic relapse has influence on the levels of IL-6 in GCF from rat molar.


The research paper has focused its study on analyzing the situation of university graduate unemployment situation in Pakistan. It has discussed the causes of the unemployment of university graduates. The study has tried to answer following research questions; 1. What are the main causes of increasing unemployment of the university graduates? 2. How the employability created for the University Graduates? The research study has focused its scope on the enhancing the employment skills and knowledge of the university graduates for obtaining the jobs in the private and public organizations. The study has thoroughly studied the employability programs introduced by three Asian countries such as Singapore, Australia and Malaysia. These countries have been very much successful in enhancing the employability of university graduates in seeking the employment in the public and private organizations. Keeping in view the critical situation of the unemployment status of university students graduated each year, the author has proposed Model of employability that aimed to reduce the unemployment amongst the university graduates with the aim of preserving their abilities and potential for the human resource development of the country. In the last, the study has presented the proposed implementation framework for the employability of university graduates.


We consider orientable hyperbolic 3‐manifolds with either non‐empty compact geodesic boundary, or some toric cusps, or both. For any such M we analyze what portion of the volume of M can be recovered by inserting in M boundary collars and cusp neighbourhoods with disjoint embedded interiors. Our main result is that this portion can only be maximal in some combinatorially extremal configurations. The techniques we employ are very elementary but the result is in our opinion of some interest.


A field experiment was conducted during the months of November-January 2018-19, at the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the effect of foliar application of zinc on growth and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) with five different treatments and four replications. Among the various treatments, the highest plant height (59.15cm) and number of branches (11.60) were recorded with T4 (0.75% Zn), followed by T3 (0.50% Zn). T3 also recorded the highest fresh weight (39.30g) and dry weight (9.08g) of the plant a harvest as well as highest root weight per plant (0.73g). In case of yield attributing characters, the highest weight of the pod (6.63g), number of seeds per pod (7.59), weight of the seeds per pod (3.65g), shelling percentage (55.60%) and pod yield (56.31g/plant; 14.74t/ha) were recorded in case of T3 (0.50% Zn). However, the highest number of pods per plant (15.80) was recorded with T2 (0.25% Zn), which was very closely followed by T3 (0.50% Zn). In many instances the trend decreases after a particular point, due to negative effect of excess micronutrient application than the optimum amount needed, which affects the plant in various ways. In a broader view, it can be suggested from the present study, that the one with 0.50% zinc application (T3) turns out to be the optimum treatment, beneficial towards improving the growth and yield attributing characters.


The application of optical fiber sensors in hydrogen rich atmospheres and temperatures as high as 300 °C is presented and discussed. Two well known optical fiber sensor technologies are evaluated: (1) distributed temperature sensing, based on Raman scattering, and (2) fiber Bragg gratings. Results show that a new generation of gratings and possibly of fibers that are more hydrogen resistant, both optically and mechanically, are needed.


This article focused on the realization of the parallelization of Naive Bayes.When it comes to large-scal data or multi-attributes,the traditional singal node algorithm has a low efficiency,or even is unable to host large-scale computing.All of these make the traditional algorithm cannot fit the need to deal with massive data.Therefore,based on the basic theory of Naive Bayes and the framework of MapReduce,this paper proposed a parallelization method of Naive Bayes,which is efficient and cheap.At the end,it is proved by experiments that this method can effectively improve the efficiency of the algorithm so as to meet the need of peoople to deal with massive data.


A nonlinear dynamical system in a chaotic state is very sensitive to errors. Inherent noise in physical systems gives rise to difficulties for stabilizing chaotic systems onto desired unstable periodic orbits, particularly with large eigenvalues. The idea of adjusting the system state more frequently to eliminate error deviations from a desired orbit is utilized and given in variational form for flows. This control scheme acting on multiple sections can cope with relatively large noise levels. A Duffing oscillator and a parametrically excited pendulum are used in numerical studies. The relationship between controllable noise levels and the number of control sections is discussed.


Abstract Alkali metal ions activate adenylate deaminase from calf brain by increasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for AMP. The enzyme is inhibited, but not inactivated, at high ionic strength. Inhibition of the enzyme by guanosine triphosphate is reversed by lithium ions, and less well by sodium ions. Potassium ions cause only a slight reversal of the GTP inhibition, and this only at relatively high concentrations. GTP decreases the apparent affinity of the enzyme for lithium ions. Alkali metal ions have little or no effect on the inhibition of the enzyme by iso-AMP. Magnesium ions are not required for the activation of the enzyme by ATP or for its inhibition by GTP. For a given concentration of ATP there is a range of magnesium ion concentrations over which the apparent affinity of the enzyme for AMP is increased.


List of Figures. Preface. Prologue: Tales of Myros: Emergence of a Primitive Economy from an Economic State of Nature. 1. Premises and an Overview. 2. Myros and Other Concepts and Definitions. 3. The Macroeconomic Framework. 4. Interest and Money. 5. Production and Investment. 6. The General Price Level and Inflation. 7. Capital Values, Wealth, and Related Topics. 8. Macroeconomic Equilibrium and Employment. 9. Capital Theory in Perspective. 10. Opportunity and Sunk Costs. 11. Trade, Transfers, and Monetary Overhangs. 12. Questions Related to Consumption and Saving. 13. Questions Related to Economic Growth. 14. Themes and Counter Themes: Fluid Capital in Retrospect. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.


The need for intelligent monitoring systems has become a necessity to keep track of the complex forex market. The vast currency market is a foreign concept to the average individual. We attempt to compare the performance of hybrid soft computing and hard computing techniques to predict the average monthly forex rates one month ahead. The soft computing models considered are a neural network trained by the scaled conjugate gradient algorithm and a neurofuzzy model implementing a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system. We also considered multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), classification and regression trees (CART) and a hybrid CART-MARS technique. We considered the exchange rates of Australian dollar with respect to US dollar, Singapore dollar, New Zealand dollar, Japanese yen and United Kingdom pounds. The models were trained using 70% of the data and remaining was used for testing and validation purposes. It is observed that the proposed hybrid models could predict the forex rates more accurately than all the techniques when applied individually. Empirical results also reveal that the hybrid hard computing approach also improved some of our previous work using a neuro-fuzzy approach.


In this work , two different types of controllers has been used, the first one is presents the application of fuzzy logic for DC motor speed control using Adaptive Tabu Search optimization and the second is Ziegler-Nlchols methods for PID controller tuning. A comparative study was done for two type of controllers, namely adaptive tabu search based tuning of fuzzy controller (Fuzzy-ATS) and Ziegler– Nichols methods for PID controller tuning to control of nonlinear drive. The work main objective is to obtain best performance of the system in both transient and steady state response represented by, minimum settling time and minimum overshoot under various conditions such as : change in load , change in speed and change in both load and speed of the motor . General Terms The intelligent optimization technique of Adaptive Tabu Search (ATS) is proposed to tune the fuzzy controller parameters to get optimal results of close loop of Fuzzy ATS Controllers while, Ziegler– Nichols methods for tuning PID controller is represented as a point comparison . The system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink GUI environment and the results is discussed. The result shows that Fuzzy ATS controllers perform well by providing the best transient and steady state DC motor speed response.


This paper is concerned with the finite-time control problem for uncertain networked switched linear systems with both state and control input quantizations. By employing average well dwell time (ADT) and Lyapunov-like function method, a feedback controller is designed to guarantee that the dynamic augment closed-loop system is finite-time boundedness. Then based on this, some sufficient conditions which ensure the finite-time boundedness of networked switched systems are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.


Parergon 23.1 (2006) did not indicate literacy. Randi Eldevik discusses how the Trojan War story was altered in thirteenth-century Iceland to fit into contemporary concerns and cultural norms. In a fitting conclusion, Sverre Bagge examines how some in Scandinavia, aware of their peripheral place in Europe both culturally and geographically, strove to show that their 'own traditions were equal to those of the rest of Europe'. This brief review can only skim the many excellent articles, but the volume is highly recommended. Shane McLeod Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Uppsala University


Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is an imaging technique with exquisite sensitivity to the microstructural properties of heterogeneous media. The conventionally adopted acquisition schemes involving single pulsed field gradients encode the random motion of water molecules into the NMR signal, however typically conflating the effects of different sources contributing to the water motion. Time-varying magnetic field gradients have recently been considered for disentangling such effects during the data encoding phase, opening to the possibility of adding specificity to the recovered information about the medium's microstructure. Such data is typically represented via a diffusion tensor distribution (DTD) model, thus assuming the existence of several non-exchanging compartments in each of which diffusion is unrestricted. In this work, we consider a model that takes confinement into account and possesses a diffusion time-dependence closer to that of restricted diffusion, to replace the free diffusion assumption in multidimensional diffusion MRI methods. We first demonstrate how the confinement tensor model captures the relevant signal modulations impressed by water diffusing in both free and closed spaces, for data simulated with a clinically feasible protocol involving time-varying magnetic field gradients. Then, we provide the basis for incorporating this model into two multidimensional dMRI methods, and attempt to recover a confinement tensor distribution (CTD) on a human brain dataset.


The current study is set to investigate the problems that face translators in rendering the anthropomorphic images of the Face, the Eye and Istwâ' of Allah in the Qur'ân. The anthropomorphic images are the physical movements and body organs used to refer to Allah in the Qur'ân and sunnah. The samples of the study are 14 images from the Qur'ân. The problem lies in the fact that two divergent Islamic trends differ in dealing with the anthropomorphic images. The Salafî trend affirms them without interpretation, likening, resembling, exaggeration, or denying. The other trend is the Khalafî who contradicts the Salafî. Seven translations are investigated in the study in order to have a broad scope of the problem and hence provide in-depth results. The study is qualitative and begins with a theoretical part followed by the analysis section. The study findings show that the anthropomorphic images aroused much argument and to solve this problem, there is an opinion that allows Ta'wîl (interpretation) when it accords with language, context, and jurisprudence. The study also finds that the image of Istwâ' is not liable to interpretation or imagination for any reason, and hence must be translated literally or in transliteration with explaining the theological reasons behind that in the footnotes. On the other hand, the images of the face and the eye can be interpreted according to the contextual meaning with affirming that Allah has a face and eyes. The study concludes that the translator should be


In this article the nonlinear system control of induction motor based on synergistic approach was proposed. Application of this approach allows to give induction motor vector control system which has several advantages as opposed to traditional systems. The control system is built in rotating coordinate system, which oriented on flux linkage vector. To go to it from natural coordinate system we use dynamic observer of flux linkage vector which based on information from stator winding sensors.


In the international context of pursuing green development, a good connection between the production and consumption ends is a necessary condition for forming a diversified governance interaction system. The academic community has conducted in-depth discussions on green behavior among enterprises and the public. However, few studies have focused on the docking process between the subjects. Therefore, this paper takes Chinese participants as an example to design a game experiment, considering the role of government regulation. From a dynamic, interactive perspective, it explores the motivation for green behavior between the public and enterprises, as well as the effectiveness of government subsidies. The research results indicate that: (i) The public is willing to burden a premium for the green behavior of enterprises, which has significant differences in substantive and symbolic green behavior. (ii) In green consumption scenarios, public purchasing information can be transmitted to enterprises, but the reverse path has not yet been verified. (iii) Government subsidies have a strong incentive effect on public green behavior. (iv) There are significant differences in the impact of public environmental awareness on public green behavior, but there is no significant difference in the green behavior of enterprises. The research conclusion provides theoretical support for the study of public and enterprise behavioral variables and provides a practical basis for enterprise management and government governance. This will facilitate the construction of a systematic and effective environmental governance framework, thereby promoting coordinated green development among entities.


Introduction: The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of hope on perceived stress and self-efficacy among parents of children suffering from intellectual disability. Due to the researcher's personal experience as well as working with the parents or caregivers of children with intellectual disability has always been the researcher's area of interest. Another reason behind doing research in the area of intellectual disability is to study and understand how positive factors such as hope & self-efficacy can help the parents & family members to see the disability or the situation in a positive way and deal with it more effectively. Methodology: 60 participants were purposively selected from resource rooms of special schools, hospitals and private intellectual disability centers. The head of the centres and the principals of the schools and parents were contacted to provide information regarding the objective of the research, scales, principle of confidentiality and to seek their permission for the study. The data was collected using the survey method. The General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS), Procrastination Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale will be administered on each of the students. Results: The first hypothesis was parents of children with intellectual disability having higher level hope will score lower on perceived stress as compared to parents with lower level hope. The statistical result obtained was in line with the hypothesis and also was in line with previous studies. The second hypothesis was parents of children with intellectual disability having higher level hope will have higher level of self-efficacy as compared to parents with lower level hope. The statistical result found was in line with the second hypothesis and also in line with past studies. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the parents having higher level hope had lower level of perceived stress and higher level of self-efficacy as compared to parents with lower level hope. The results obtained are in line with hypotheses and past research.


PILLARS, PILES AND POLES ARE USED FOR MANY PURPOSES: POWER-AND TELEPHONE-LINES, POLES-HOUSES ON FARMS, FOUNDATIONS FOR HOUSES, BRIDGES, ROADS ETC. FREEZING AND THAWING OF THE GROUND HAS HARMFUL INFLUENCE ON THE USEFULNESS AND QUALITY OF SUCH CONSTRUCTIONS. ADFREEZING OF THE SOIL TO THE SURFACE OF THE CONSTRUCTIONS, ALLOWS UPLIFT FORCES FROM THE GROWING OF THE ICE LENSES IN THE FREEZING GROUND TO BE TRANSMITTED TO THE PILLARS, PILES AND POLES. THERE HAS BEEN SOME RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD AIMING AT FINDING THE SIZE OF THE ADFREEZING STRENGTH AND ACCOMPANYING UPLIFT FORCES. THE WORK HAS BEEN DONE IN CANADA, JAPAN, USSR AND NORWAY. SOME EXAMPLES ARE MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE, BUT THEY VARY SO MUCH AND ARE FOUND UNDER SUCH VARYING EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS THAT THEY ARE NOT YET SUITABLE FOR PRACTICAL USE. THEY GIVE, HOWEVER, A USEFUL IDEA ABOUT THE PHENOMENON. THE GROWTH OF ICE LENSES DURING FREEZING GIVES AN ACCUMULATION OF WATER IN CERTAIN LAYERS IN THE SOIL. WHEN THE ICE THAWS THE RESULT CAN BE A SATURATION OF THE GROUND GREAT ENOUGH TO SPOIL THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL. THE UPLIFT FORCES DURING FREEZING DESTROYS STONE-LOCKS AND WEDGES INSERTED IN THE GROUND TO KEEP THE CONSTRUCTION IN PLACE. A HOUSE ON PILLARS ABOVE THE GROUND, CHANGES THE WIND CONDITIONS NEAR THE GROUND AND PREVENTS NATURAL ACCUMULATION OF SNOW UNDER IT. THE FREEZING OF THE SOIL WILL REACH DOWN TO OTHER AND MORE VARYING DEPTHS THAN BEFORE THE HOUSE WAS BUILT. PILLAR AND PILE FOUNDATIONS ARE MORE SENSITIVE TO VARIATIONS IN AMOUNTS OF FROST-HEAVE AND FORCES THAN CONTINUOUS FOUNDATION WALLS. VARIATIONS IN HEAVING HEIGHTS ALONG A WALL WILL BE MORE DANGEROUS WHEN THEY ARE ACTING ON UNCONTINUOUS PILLARS, THAN ON A CONTINUOUS CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL. VARYING EXPERIENCES REGARDING THE PROBLEMS AND THE WAY OF HANDLING THEM ARE DISCUSSED. TWO APPROXIMATIVE FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING THE ADFREEZING FORCE (BY DALMATOV AND VIALOV) ARE MENTIONED.


ABSTRACT The breeding biology of approximately one third of all Fluvicolinae species is largely unknown and little is known about Streamer-tailed Tyrant (Gubernetes yetapa). Despite being locally fairly common, only a brief description of its nest has been published. For the species, Chubb (1910) described gonadal state, nest building, and young seen, but no additional details have been published. Here, we describe the nest and eggs of Streamer-tailed Tyrant from Brazil and Paraguay and review nesting activity based on fledgling records from Brazil. The nest was an open cup in the center of a clump of Saccharum sp. grass within a marshy area. The outer portion was lined with thick grass stems. The inner portion of the cup was lined with fine roots, grass stems, and shed snake skins (Colubridae and Viperidae). The nest contained three totally white and oval shaped eggs. Egg mass ranged from 6.84–9.02 g. The period of nesting activity apparently lasted at least from October through January, similar to several other Fluvicolinae species from southeastern Brazil.


1 This paper compares three measurement 2 methods for the general proficiency of 3 learners of English as a second language 4 (GEP). If students' GEP can be measured 5 on course materials frequently, for instance, 6 at the beginning and end of a semester, 7 English teachers can confirm students' 8 levels of learning achievement. So far, 9 English teachers have two options for GEP 10 measurement: calculating scores for read- 11 aloud or those of dictation performance. 12 This study expands an option to measure 13 GEP using both dictation and read-aloud 14 performances. When comparing the three 15 types of measurement methods, the 16 experimental results suggest that GEP 17 should be measured by calculating dictation 18 and read-aloud performances. 19


This work presents a compact MMIC low noise amplifier based on 0.15 um gate length InGaAs pHEMT low noise technology for robust radar applications at X band between 8 GHz and 12 GHz. This miniaturized 1.5 mm2self-biased two stage X band LNA demonstrated 0.9 dB noise figure at 9.5 GHz with an associated gain of 22.5 dB. The paper describes the circuit design, bias dependence of gain and noise figure parameters of the realized LNA along with nonlinear characteristics of the MMIC. It operates on 3 V supply and consumes 42 mA of current.


Voting in an election over removal of a "homestead exemption" is examined to determine different groups' perceptions of the incidence of the property tax. Homeowners in two categories appear to evaluate accurately the effects on them of the homestead exemption. Renters with higher-cost rental contracts are more likely to believe they are significantly affected by the change in the property tax structure. These results demonstrate the ability of local governments to discriminate in tax share price across groups of voters. Copyright 1992 by MIT Press.


Cardiomyopathy, a heart disease that arises from different etiologies, places a huge burden on global health care society. Clinical cases of cardiomyopathy were examined independently from the genomic database to identify potential biomarkers and pathways for cardiomyopathy. Exploration of these biopsies as a whole transcription disorder pattern by WGCNA (Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) to discover signature genes for different cardiomyopathy subtypes. Narrow genes and key pathways correlated with cardiomyopathy traits have been identified through co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network enrichment analysis. Discovered hub genes have been blast through the Cardiovascular Disease Portal to verify human cardiomyopathy-related functions. Three common axes of signature genes have been identified for five subtypes of cardiomyopathy: 1) Four common genes (MDM4, CFLAR, RPS6KB1, PKD1L2) have been identified for ischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathy subgroups; 2) Subtypes of cardiomyopathy (ischemic, post. partum, familiar and idiopathic) have been shared with eight genes (MAPK1, MAPK11, MAPK14, LMNA, RAC1, PECAM1, XIAP, CREB1); 3) TFAM and RHEB have been identified as the common signature genes for subtypes of cardiomyopathy (viral, post. partum, familiar, and idiopathic) (viral, post. partum, familiar, and idiopathic). Major enriched pathways included the MAPK signaling pathway, the protein processing pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum, and so on. Abnormally regulating these signature genes and pathways caused metabolic process disorders and cellular malfunctions that generally contribute to cardiac dysregulation and functional relapse into cardiomyopathies. In summary, these novel signature genes may work as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy and benefit patients with improved outcomes.


This paper gives the mathematical model of transverse control system from the basis of the longitudinal control system of a LGB.It discusses the releasing area concept of LGB and getting the engineering release area through a lot of simulations.


This paper presents different mono camera-based aircraft sense and avoid methods considering linear and nonlinear own flight trajectories and steady and linear intruder trajectories. It introduces a new method which in certain circumstances is capable to estimate intruder absolute position and velocity. Its relation to a previously published method is formulated and its reduced version considering steady intruders is also shown. The limitations and advantages of all methods are evaluated mathematically and in Matlab tests and finally a list of their ideal capabilities and application guidelines are provided.


Abstract:  A new taxon of plant hopper, Celinapterixini, is erected based on Celinapterix bellissima gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Palaeocene Maíz Gordo Formation, north‐west Argentina. Its phylogenetic relationships within the Fulgoroidea and Nogodinidae are discussed. The Danish Eocene species Hammapterix paucistrata (Henriksen) is transferred to the Nogodinidae and placed in a new genus, Henriksenopterix, based on wing‐venation characters. The new plant hopper is an unusual case of articulated preservation from the Maíz Gordo Formation. The palaeoenvironment is interpreted as a carbonate mudflat subenvironment with a low flow of energy, created during a period of contraction of the lacustrine system. The plant hopper is considered to have sunk and been buried in a soupy substrate. Early fossil‐diagenesis seems to have occurred over an extended period of time, because although the specimen preserves all original soft‐body parts, these occur as an amorphous mass owing to tissue decomposition. The occurrence of three‐dimensional preservation suggests the absence of fossil‐diagenetic compression; the sediments seem to preserve more‐or‐less their original thickness.


Automatic identification of hierarchy and semantic relations in Chinese compound sentences is a significant and challenging research project in field of Chinese information processing.Relational words play an index role in identifying hierarchy and semantic relations in Chinese compound sentences automatically.However,relational word is often omitted or can't indicate the limitations of order combination of hierarchy among subordinate sentences.So it is necessary to examine the appearance and omission mode of relational words in clauses and combination orders of clauses.For Chinese compound sentences composed of 3 clauses,12 kinds of appearance and omission mode of relational words can be identified automatically,and there are 4 restricting rules between syntactical features of relational words and combination orders of clauses.Based on these rules,an automatic identification procure of hierarchy and semantic relations in Chinese compound sentences is put forward,which will lay the foundationfor automatic identification of hierarchy and semantic relations in Chinese compound sentences.


The practice of engineering is undergoing significant changes due not only to the inexorable progress of technology but also to the changes being wrought in business practice the world over. The manufacturing sector is showing decline in numbers of engineers, and the service sector is growing. The advent of the truly global economy augers still further change. Perhaps the most pervasive changes are due to the digital revolution along with the molecular biology revolution. Inevitably the engineering disciplines will find new branches and engineering education will find new paths to follow as a result.


Seedlings of morning glory (Pharbitis nil) were exposed to blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with various peak wavelengths, or mixture lights of blue light and red light to confirm the spectral sensitivity to flowering. Flowering responses to the respective LEDs corresponded to the absorption spectrum of cryptochromes, which is one of blue light receptors. On the other hand, the light qualities consisting of rich blue light had an effective influence on flowering responses. The number of flower buds decreased after being exposed to the red-rich light qualities, a situation under which phytochromes absorb well. From our study, we conclude that cryptochromes, which absorb blue light, effectively act on flowering, whereas phytochromes act on the inhibition of flowering in Pharbitis nil under the normal light/dark cycles.


Pod fly [ Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)] is a key biotic constraint for productivity in subsistence crop protection pattern; its damage varies up to 80%; has been estimated about US $ 256 million annually. The research trial was accomplished at Research Farm of SASRD, Nagaland University during Kharif 2011 and 2012 in order to evaluate the new molecules against pod fly. The experiment was consisted 6 treatments (Trizophos 500 g ai. ha -1 , Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha -1 , Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha -1 + Acetamiprid 30 g ai. ha -1 , Flubendiamide 47 g ai. ha -1 , Chlorantraniliprole 40 g ai. ha -1 and Spinosade 75 g ai. ha -1 ) compare with control. The lowest pod damage (9.7% and 9.3%), lowest grain damage (5.3% and 5%) and highest grain yield (1202 kg ha -1 and 1209 kg ha -1 ) were obtained from Chlorantraniliprole followed by Emamectine benzoate+ Acetamiprid, Spinosade, Emamectine benzoate, Flubendiamide, Trizophos and all the treatments were significantly superior over control. The highest B: C ratio reward (1:4.24) was obtained from Chlorantraniliprole. The results indicated that Chlorantraniliprole was more effectual against pod damage, grain damage, yield and B: C ratio. The safer chemical control methods reduce the pod damage, grain damage and higher yield with high benefit: cost ratio, so therefore chemical control popularizes as an effective, practical alternative and makes lucrative cultivation of pigeon pea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21115 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 89-95 (2014)


Interview is one of the most important stages during talent recruitment to find the best candidates who fit with the corporate culture. However, an interview usually involves third-party psychology experts and professionals to conduct both the interview process and analysis, and thus can be fairly costly for the company. To this end, companies seek alternative methods to reduce manual tasks and human effort in talent recruitment by introducing automation using machine learning technology. In this paper, we investigate machine learning methods to grade the corporate culture fitness level of job applicants by analyzing the interview verbatim. To classify the interview verbatim, we compare SVM, which has been proven to be a very effective text classifier in general, with naive Bayes and KNN. In this study, SVM often demonstrates higher performance on any dataset and in many different schemes compared to naive Bayes and KNN. SVM achieves the average accuracy at 86%, better than naive Bayes at 81% and KNN at 79%.


In the modern world, ecology and the economy are on cross road. Innovation processes toward sustainable development (eco-innovation) have received increasingly attention during the past years. Eco-innovation is a novel fuzzy concept getting growing attentions under global climate change. It is need of further clarification both theoretically and methodologically. The automobile sector is faced with numerous challenges of resource scarcity, reduction of carbon emissions from cars which contribute to climate change. The main purpose of this study is to know how the customer acceptance towards eco-innovation is in automotive industry among Malaysian. A total of 100 usable questionnaires were coded and analyzed. Statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, reliability, and validity were used in this study. This paper contributes to an increased understanding of how customer accepts in eco-innovation in automotive industry in Malaysia.


The purpose of this paper is analyzing the behavior of users and the interactivity of posts on a Facebook fanpage focused on the dissemination of scientific information from an outreach program of a higher education institution. The strategy contemplated the application of a methodology based on social media analysis supported by statistical tools and techniques. The analysis carried out allowed to study the content information from an objective perspective, focused on the level of engagement of the users within the communities in social networks on the dissemination of scientific information. The findings are an opportunity to establish strategies that increase the visibility and interactivity of the content.


The situation that arises in the maintenance of systems which operate continuously and possess limited repair capacity can be modeled. Since the number of available repairmen is less than the number of components, the performance of the system depends on the maintenance policy employed, whenever the number of failed components is greater than the number of available repairmen. Thus it is important to have maintenance policies that yield a maximum value to some relevant measure of system performance. The components in most classic repairman problems can be only in two states, functioning or failed, while failed components are not always totally unusable in practice. The concept of extra cost is introduced to describe the damage caused by this partial failure. In this study, it come up with general rules about how to decide the optimum repairman assignment policy for two types of maintenance service, namely, preemptive and nonpreemptive, in the term of minimizing the average extra cost.


Abstract— Superior cervical ganglia from young rats were cultured in the absence of serum. The effect of nerve growth factor on the level of tyrosine hydroxylase was studied. In the absence of nerve growth factor the specific activity of tyrosine hydroxylase fell by more than 50% within 48 h. In the presence of nerve growth factor the total and specific activities were maintained and even increased in the same period. Both the 2.5 S and the 7 S forms of nerve growth factor were effective. Oxidized nerve growth factor had no effect except when present in very high concentration. Purified antibody to nerve growth factor was inhibitory. Insulin had only a slight effect in this system, but dibutyryl CAMP elevated tyrosine hydroxylase activity substantially. Propranolol inhibited the action of nerve growth factor but its action appeared to be nonspecific and unrelated to its action on the β‐adrenergic receptor. Changes in the activity of dihydropteridine reductase paralleled those seen in tyrosine hydroxylase.


This is the general outline of that unique process of flowering plants known as double fertilization. First described over 70 years ago, it remains one of the least understood of the basic botanical problems. Studies with the electron microscope, begun simultaneously and independently in several laboratories in various parts of the world some ten years ago, have resulted in a drastic re-evaluation of the


An optimization method is proposed to find mask parameters of a brass player coming from a one degree of freedom lip model, with only constant mouth pressure and periodic mouthpiece pressure as input data, and a cost function relying on the waveform and the frequency of the signal. It delivers a set of parameters called 𝒞-admissible, which is a subset of all mask parameters that allow the inverse problem to be well defined up to an acceptable precision. Values for the mask parameters are found that give a good aproximation of real signals, with an error on the playing frequency of less than 5 cents for some notes. The evolution of the mask parameters is assessed during recordings with real musicians playing bend notes and their effects on the playing frequency are compared to the theoretical change on a model.


Judith Rustin, a highly accomplished and seasoned psychoanalyst-clinician, has made a valuable contribution to the ever-expanding and rapidly growing literature that demonstrates how infant research, neurobiological theory, attachment theory, and intersubjective theory (to name a few) influence contemporary psychotherapeutic practice. Her text offers a clear and readily accessible summary of current literature that is gaining increasing legitimacy in the psychoanalytic community. She suggests that the book has three purposes: (1) to summarize and synthesize basic concepts from infant research and neuroscience for clinicians who are unfamiliar with this content; (2) with case examples, to demonstrate how to integrate select concepts from this literature into mainstream psychotherapy; and (3) to invite clinicians to integrate concepts of the book into their own clinical work. She has ably accomplished her three goals. The text contains six chapters, and each chapter intends to expose the reader to essential components of theory that are more thoroughly explored by other authors in related fields. The author is clear that she has purposefully chosen content that she thinks offers a beginning explanation of complex theory to those readers who are less familiar with this literature. A major strength of this text is the author's utilization of extensive clinical material. She demonstrates an excellent capacity to enliven the theory in her lengthy case descriptions. I was able to glean a real sense of the author's clinical work and the examples leave no doubt that her integration of theory into practice has altered her approach to clinical work. Her patients benefit from this shift in Rustin's practice; the case examples clearly demonstrate considerable change in oftentimes difficult and highly defended and resistant clients. Her skills as a clinician are abundantly evident and the author notes to the reader how her thinking and practice has shifted as a result of her openness to working in the "implicit" realm in psychotherapy. Chapter 1 ("Contributions from Infant Research: Selfand Mutual Regulation") is framed in the idea that psychotherapy dyads are formed with two individuals with their own separate subjectivities and yet the therapeutic dyad forms a unit of engagement. The author gives a broad grasp of brain


In a recent report published by World Health Organisation, it was estimated that there were 46 million people living with dementia around the world and this number is projected to be tripled by 2050 [1]. With the increasing proportion of minorities among elderly populations [2] and a higher prevalence of dementia observed among Hispanics [3-5], Latinos [6] and African Americans [3-6], the burden of dementia in minorities is a challenge for many health systems. Being the most prevalent form of dementia and similar ethnic disparities were reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) [7], AD should be a priority for countries where populations are composed of a significant proportion of Hispanics and African Americans, like the United States.


Background and aims Childhood asthma places a significant physical, financial, and psychological burden on patients, families, communities and the healthcare system. Current research indicates certain minority ethnic groups, especially South Asian children, encounter inequalities in asthma management and outcomes. Furthermore, children's views and aspirations are infrequently evaluated. We report here the process of encouraging children's participation in a multiphase participatory the Management in Asthma (MiA) study. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of asthma and its management in British South Asian (BSA) and White British (WB) children, using adapted qualitative methods. Methods Two qualitative methods were used: semi-structured interview and prioritisation workshop, adapted to encourage children's participation (table 1). 14 themes for optimising asthma management identified from the semi-structured interviews and were used in the ranking exercises. Children ranked these themes by linear (LI, non-equal ranking), diamond (DA, equal ranking permitted) and budget pie (BP, ranking by funds allocation). Abstract G450 Table 1 Qualitative methods Adaptations Semi-structured interview Drawings and text to prompt questionsExtended time for creative activities e.g. drawings Health Prioritisation workshop Trained 'peer' researchers (14–16 year-old) as facilitatorsToy money and board games Results Semi-structured interviews with children, with or without parents/guardian present (33 BSA and 14 WB children with asthma aged 5–12-years-old) revealed considerable similarities in experiences of asthma, notably inadequate holistic approach to asthma management amongst healthcare professionals and the role of schools and peers in children's asthma perception and management. Barriers to health information provision existed in both groups. Consistently, WB children's perception of asthma aetiology was different from BSA children. In all the ranking methods, children (21 BSA and 1 WB child aged 5––12-years-old) highly prioritised acute attacks according to their perceived health importance. 'Strength of opinion' was demonstrated in BP, as acute attack received £1430 in total, whilst the 2nd place theme only received £610. Conclusion Future intervention in children with asthma may wish to focus on managing acute attacks by a holistic approach, by involving schools, families and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, ethnospecific divergent beliefs about asthma aetiology can be tackled by a targeted educational programme.


As an important species among Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve,leopard(Pantera pardus) is distributed in Taihangshan Mountains area for long time,and they were sometimes observed in wild in the Reserve in the past years,and several leopards in where were severe hurt.There much work need to be done for the conservation of this endangered species in the future.


Parasites often affect the abundance and life-history traits of their hosts. We studied the impact of a social parasite – a slavemaking ant – on host ant communities using two complementary field manipulations. In the first experiment, we analysed the effect of social parasite presence on host populations in one habitat. In a second experiment, conducted in two habitats, we used a cross-fostering design, analysing the effect of sympatric and allopatric social parasites. In the first experiment, host colonies benefited to some extent from residing in parasite-free areas, showing increased total production. Yet, in the second experiment, host colonies in plots containing social parasites were more productive, and this effect was most evident in response to allopatric social parasites. We propose several explanations for these inconsistent results, which are related to environmental variability. The discrepancies between the two habitats can be explained well by ecological variation as a result of differences in altitudes and climate. For example, ant colonies in the colder habitat were larger and, for one host species, colonies were more often polygynous. In addition, our long-term documentation – a total of four measurements of community structure in 6 years – showed temporal variation in abundance and life-history traits of ant colonies, unrelated to the manipulations. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103, 559–570.


A cosmetic composition for stabilizing alpha-lipoic acid is provided to maintain effects for a long period of time by preventing changes of smell and color of alpha-lipoic acid caused by binding with thiol, thereby being useful for skin whitening, skin wrinkle prevention, oxidation inhibition and body sliming. A cosmetic composition comprises: 0.01-20 wt.% of alpha-lipoic acid; 0.1-30 wt.% of polyol as a stabilizer of alpha-lipoic acid selected from propylene glycol, glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,3-butandiol and sorbitol; and 0.01-10 wt.% of non-ionic surfactant selected from POE(polyoxyethylene) sorbitan fatty acid ester, POE alkyl ether, POE hydrogenated ester oil, POE(10) octyldodecyl ether, POE(15) octyldodecyl ether, POE(20) octyldodecyl ether, POE(30) octyldodecyl ether, POE(15) glyceryl monostearate, POE(20) glyceryl monostearate, POE(25) glyceryl monostearate and POE(30) glyceryl monostearate, and is formulated as skin, lotion, cream, foundation or essence.


Visual analytics (VA) systems have been widely used to facilitate decision-making and analytical reasoning in various application domains. VA involves visual designs, interaction designs, and data mining, which is a systematic and complex paradigm. In this work, we focus on the design of effective visualizations for complex data and analytical tasks, which is a critical step in designing a VA system. This step is challenging because it requires extensive knowledge about domain problems and visualization to design effective encodings. Existing visualization designs published in top venues are valuable resources to inspire designs for problems with similar data structures and tasks. However, those designs are hard to understand, parse, and retrieve due to the lack of specifications. To address this problem, we build KB4VA, a knowledge base of visualization designs in VA systems with comprehensive labels about their analytical tasks and visual encodings. Our labeling scheme is inspired by a workshop study with 12 VA researchers to learn user requirements in understanding and retrieving professional visualization designs in VA systems. The theme extends Vega-Lite specifications for describing advanced and composited visualization designs in a declarative manner, thus facilitating human understanding and automatic indexing. To demonstrate the usefulness of our knowledge base, we present a user study about design inspirations for VA tasks. In summary, our work opens new perspectives for enhancing the accessibility and reusability of professional visualization designs.


Objective To explore the design methods of hospital nursing post management.Methods Based on the principle of system management,combining with the current status of nursing human resources in hospital,measures such as post arrangement,post setting,post analyzing,post calculation,post training,post evaluation and promotion were carried out.Results A scientific and operable managerial chain of nursing human resources was formed,and made the nursing post management more standard.Conclusion Nursing post management provides a clear career development planning for the nurses and also lays a foundation for the scientific incentive mechanism.


Results of measurements of dynamic yield stress and spall strength of metals are presented. Rate and temperature dependences of the flow stress and the resistance to fracture are obtained for the strain rate range of 103 to 109 s-1. The results are discussed in terms of requirements to constitutive relationships; examples of such relationships are presented.


Review Number: 2280 Publish date: Thursday, 13 September, 2018 Editor: Douglas Moggach Gareth Stedman Jones ISBN: 978-1107154742 Date of Publication: 2018 Price: £61.99 Pages: 496pp. Publisher: Cambridge University Press Publisher url: http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/history-ideas-and-intellectual-history/1848revolutions-and-european-political-thought?format=HB#5ZDsUy6RdLj5iL4o.97 Place of Publication: Cambridge Reviewer: Alex Middleton


The objective of this work was to verify the availability of iron in the presence of vitamin A as components of foods and in combinations with medicines. The iron available was measured in the presence of vitamin A in foods - common bean (B), beef liver (Li) and carrot (C) - and medicines - Fer-In-Sol® (Fer) (Mead Johnson), Arovit® (A) (Roche) and Neutrofer® (N) (Sigma Pharma) - as well as in combinations of both. β-carotene, vitamin A, total iron, heme and non heme iron, percentage of dialyzable iron and amount of dialyzable iron was determined. Vitamin A and β-carotene had a positive effect on the percentage of iron dialysis. Carrot and liver had a better percentage of dialyzable iron than their respective medicine at similar concentrations. Therefore, we can conclude that there has been an influence of vitamin A over the dialysis of iron, being the mixtures containing liver the ones which achieved the highest concentrations of dialyzable iron, and also that, according to the amounts needed to obtain the daily recommended intake of iron, they are good for consumption.


The utility model discloses a spring back hinge for a notebook computer panel. The spring back hinge is used for the pivot of the a body of a computer main machine and the panel, and a first end of a shaft rod is connected with a first lock plate which is arranged on the shaft rod. The second end is orderly sheathed with an elastic component, a second lock plate, the first end of the elastic component is clamped on the shaft rod and the second end which is far from the first end is bunted at the second lock plate. When the elastic component is free from force, the second lock plate and the first lock plate form an included angle with small angle and a panel is locked at the second lock plate. The first lock plate is locked at the body of the main machine of the notebook computer, when a covering panel is hooked at the body of the main machine of the notebook computer, the second lock plate and the first lock of the shaft rod are wrenched in the parallel state. The elastic component constantly receives slight spring, when a covering hook is released, through the recovery of the slight spring, the panel forms a slight warp with the small angle in relative to the body of the main machine of the notebook computer. The utility model is convenient for a user to open.


Clinical Manifestation Auditory auras of either simple auditory phenomena such as sounds (humming or buzzing), or more complex auditory hallucinations including voices or music are typical for focal seizures with auditory hallucinations. The auditory hallucination is usually referred to the contralateral ear, but may be heard in both ears (Penfield and Jasper 1954). It is selfevident that if a hallucination is reported later, consciousness must have been preserved at the time of occurrence; but ear plugging, and loss of hearing, which may be said to involve impairment of consciousness, have been described as symptoms of an auditory aura in children (Clarke et al. 2003). Auditory seizures may evolve into dyscognitive seizures with altered awareness, and oral and manual automatisms. Not infrequently, focal seizures with auditory hallucinations are induced by certain tunes or sounds.


In 1998, Berger proposed the concept of NPC [1] (featuring a space-dependent second-order nonlinear coefficient $\chi^{(2)}$), which opens the door for nonlinear manipulation of light in high-dimensional space. The popular way to fabricate 1D and 2D NPCs is to use the electrically-poling method, in which the ferroelectric domains are selectively inverted by applying an external electric field. The experimental realization of 3D $\chi^{(2)}$ structures remains a great challenge until twenty years after its first proposal. Several types of femtosecond laser writing techniques [2], [3] were proposed to erase and pole ferroelectric domains, which have been utilized to successfully fabricate 3D NPC structures in LiNbO3 and BCT crystals, respectively. Recently, the feature size of 3D $\chi^{(2)}$ structure has been reduced below 100 nm [4].


When a gas turbine is working under high temperature, high pressure, and high velocity conditions, complex dynamic behavior and faults arise. These can seriously affect the security and reliability of the system, so it is important to further study nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the rotor-seal system. The seal force model of a brush seal was proposed, considering the interactions among bristle pack, flow force, and rotor, and a nonlinear dynamic model of the rotor-seal system was established. The influences of different geometries and operation parameters, such as rotor speed, installation spacing, damping, and rotor mass on the nonlinear characteristics of the system were discussed. The bifurcation scenario, vibration response, and stability of the rotor-seal system were analyzed by bifurcation diagram, time history, axis orbit, phase portrait, phase trajectory, Poincaré map, and frequency spectrum. The results showed that with a seal force the critical speed was greater than that without seal force conditions. The vibration amplitude of the rotor decreased with increase of damping and installation spacing. When the mass of the rotor increased, the vibration amplitude decreased significantly, which added stability to the rotor.


The aim of this paper is to determine the possible origin of the stone used for the construction in five cultural heritage buildings dating from the different historical epochs in Lumbarda, on the island of Korcula, Croatia. Micropetrographic determination of limestone samples taken from the Roman Villae Rusticae, the old apse of St Križ Church, the Venetian Tower, the Bishop's Summer House and St Barbara Church, was done. For comparison, micropetrographic analysis on the rock samples taken from two abandoned quarries near Lumbarda: the Brendana Quarry in Lumbarda and Gornja Spilja Quarry at Sutvara islet, was also made. After comparison of their petrographic characteristics, it was concluded that the stone for construction of the Roman Villae Rusticae and St Križ Church was quarried in Brendana Quarry, while for the other three investigated buildings the material was quarried on Sutvara islet in Gornja Spilja Quarry.Accordingly, petrographic analysis proved to be useful tool for determination of the origin of stone and useful for restoration purposes.


Twenty-four rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups,which contained a control group and experimental groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The animal experiment was to investigate the effect of Oxytropis glabra DC on blood biochemical indexes,and to reveal the toxicity mechanism of O.glabra DC.These rabbits in the experimental groups were fed daily with O.glabra DC at 5,10 or 20 g/(kg·d) until typical symptoms being observed.During the test,blood routine items and biochemical parameters of each group were measured respectively.After 70 d test,the activity of serum AST,ALT,AKP and LDH in the poisoned rabbits were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the activity of serum AMA,SOD,GSH-Px and CAT in the poisoned rabbits were significantly dropped.The contents of serum BUN,CRE,GLU,TC and MDA in the poisoned rabbits were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the contents of serum TG was dropped.The results showed that O.glabra DC has remarkable effects on blood biochemical indexes of rabbits,further more a time-effect as well as a dose-effect relationship was observed.It is concluded that feeding O.glabra DC causing damages in heart,liver,kidney and other viscera of the poisoned rabbits.


Clove is one of the crops that have high selling value in Indonesia. Almost all components of this clove plant can be used, including the clove leaf itself. This study aims to determine the role of the village government and the factors that influence the increase in the agricultural product (Midaceng). The method of this research was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Research data was collected through structured interview techniques. The data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the Mattiro Wallie Village Government plays an active role in supporting the condition of natural resources, establishing a clove leaf distillation factory, establishing cooperation between the government and the community, and improving the welfare of the community. The factors that support the increase in clove leaf oil production are internal factors like Human Resources (HR), the lack of infrastructure such as clove leaf storage warehouses, and Marketing Techniques for Production Results (Clove Leaf Oil). Meanwhile, external factors include natural factors (weather), lack of local government participation in seeing opportunities from clove leaf oil processing, business capital, and communication problems (networks).


The Environmental Impact Assessment is one of the 8 basically environmental protection systems in China,which plays an important role in environmental protection.This paper reviewed the development of China's Environmental Impact Assessment in this country,discussed the contribution of the Project Environmental Impact Assessment and Planning Environmental Impact Assessment.It also analyzed existing problems of this system and made the outlook of its future development prospect.


ABSTRACT Intense competition in the higher education sector in New Zealand has forced a number of educational institutions to examine the need for assessments of customer-perceived service quality for differentiation purposes. Research studies in this area have mainly focused on either the administrators or the faculty's perspectives and have overlooked the other customers, namely students and employers. The instruments developed based on the Importance-Performance paradigm were administered to 280 New Zealand employers and 1,000 business graduates. The results indicate that employers and students have perceptual problems with the level of service provided by tertiary institutions. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.


In this paper, we study the basic properties of the tau invariant τI in instanton theory defined by the second author, and use these properties to identify τI with another tau invariant τ 7 in instanton Floer theory, which was introduced by Baldwin and Sivek. As a corollary, we also show that the tau invariant τM , which was introduced by the second author, equals the the tau invariant in Heegaard Floer theory, which was introduced by Ozsváth and Szabó. Besides, using the techniques developed in the paper, we compute the KHM ́ and KHI ́ for twists knots.


The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the conformationally flexible macrolide concanamycin A (1) have been assigned by the use of 2D NMR techniques at low temperatures and have enabled biosynthetic studies on this most potent inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases. By feeding of different [13C]-labeled precursors to Streptomyces sp. (strain Go 22/15) the polyketide origin of the concanamycin skeleton was proved. It arises from a tetradecaketide, which is based on four acetate and seven propionate units besides one butyrate and two unusual C2 building blocks from the triose pool. In combination with former findings it is possible to predict the biogenetic assembly of several strongly related unusual macrolides, for which the group name "plecomacrolides" should be used in future. The results are discussed in the light of modern hypothesis as stated for polyketide pathways.


Data from the Shuttle Entry Air Data System (SEADS) port arcjet test were correlated using conventional finite difference thermal analysis methods to demonstrate the applicability of such methods to flight analyses. The arcjet tests were conducted to demonstrate the integrity of the SEADS-coated columbium port and provide data required to accomplish SEADS preflight analysis. The successful correlation of the results from finite difference thermal analysis methods and the test data demonstrated these methods for flight analysis. Using these techniques, a preflight analysis of the SEADS was performed and it was concluded that the maximum port temperature will be at a safe level for the first SEADS mission.


Membrane Computing (or P-System theory) is a recent area of Natural Computing, the field of computer science that works with computational techniques inspired by nature and natural systems. Particularly, Membrane computing investigates models of computation inspired by the structure and functioning of biological cells focusing attention on their distributed and parallel transformations. Different software applications which have been developed in imperative languages, like Java, or in declaratives languages, as Prolog, work in the framework of Membrane Computing systems. These applications simulate the behavior of P-System focusing on details about computational power of different Membrane devices without exploiting the distributed nature of simulated cellular structures. This paper presents a parallel and distributed application, based on Multi-Agent System technology, able to simulate Membrane Computing devices. The aim is to show how the theoretical distributed nature of P-Systems can be mapped into a real distributed Multi-Agent System in order to achieve two important goals: 1) to define a theoretical computational model for Multi-Agent System architectures; 2) to design a software application able to simulate Membrane Computing devices in a real fashion by exploiting the distributed nature of Multi-Agent System technology.


The present invention relates to a multilayer composition comprising a surface layer comprising a thermoplastic polymer A and a substrate layer comprising a polymeric composite material based thermoplastic (meth)acrylic matrix and a fibrous material as reinforcement. The multilayer composition is suitable for mechanical or structured parts or articles with a decorative surface aspect. The present invention concerns also a manufacturing process for multilayer mechanical or structured parts or articles and three- dimensional mechanical or structured parts.


This study examines the process of knowledge management used by the aerospace industry supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The case study of the KA organization is used to this end. Business require information, data storage and knowledge management. The process is analyzed based on the knowledge management model of Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1994. The way in which knowledge management affects KA, dedicated to the aerospace industry, is to provide personnel with information resources through ICTs. This study involves analyzing the structure, data storage, dissemination and use of information in order to determine how knowledge management is involved and whether or not the ICTs influence and aerospace organization such as KA.


Background: Some side effects of intravenously injected iodinated contrast media are thought to be linked to the biological properties of the various agents and their effect on blood components. Purpose: To assess the effect of osmolarity and injection temperature of iodinated contrast media on erythrocyte (RBC) morphology in vitro. Material and Methods: Blood from 20 volunteers was incubated with three different contrast media (320 mg I/ml iso-osmolar iodixanol, 300 mg I/ml low-osmolar iopromide, 300 mg I/ml low-osmolar iopamidol) injected at 37°C, 43°C, and 48°C, and in two different volumes corresponding to the estimated concentration at the site of venous injection and after systemic distribution. After 10 min incubation, aliquots were removed for complete blood count analysis and blood smears. Two hematologists blindedly and independently reviewed all smears, and determined the grade of morphological RBC changes compared to a blank sample. Results: There was excellent (κ = 0.98) inter-reader correlation for grading RBC changes. At systemic concentration at 37°C, the grade of RBC changes was significantly (P<0.05) less in blood samples exposed to iso-osmolar iodixanol (mean 0.21) as compared to low-osmolar iopromide (mean 0.26) and low-osmolar iopamidol (mean 0.58). These differences became more significant at higher volumes, corresponding to concentrations at the site of injection and higher injection temperatures. Conclusion: In vitro, RBC morphology is less affected by iso-osmolar as compared to low-osmolar contrast media. These differences become more significant at higher injection temperatures that are proposed to improve flow dynamics for high-speed injection.


In recent years, the field of videography (the process of obtaining video imagery) has taken on greater significance in remote sensing applications. Today studies are being conducted to determine the potential uses and capabilites of airborne video imagery. In the past, satellite or aerial photography analysis and interpretation has been performed using hard copy imagery. Difficulty in obtaining hard copy imagery from video sources has resorted to other methods of analysis. This paper evaluates the technique of using stereoscopic viewing on soft copy video imagery.


Recently the author in [1,2] has found a new family of formulas with free variables (polynomial identities) for the determinant over the commutative ring K. These formulas have alloved me to give a new definition for determinants (an e-determinant edet(A)) over a wide class of rings [1,3] and to establish their basic properties (without proof). These definitions (for a noncommutative case) are closely related to a definition of the symmetrized Barvinok determinant sdet(A) [4]. Here the complete proof of statements from [3] for edet(A) over the associative ring Q is given. With the help of knoun theorem of polarization [5,6] to obtain a new family of polynomial identities for edet(A) that contain up to n! free variables. The basic propeties edet(A) are proved. These propeties coincide with many well-known propeties of a determinant over a commutative ring. The necessary and sufficient conditions of equality edet(A) = 0 are found, in particular. We also estimate a computational complexity of the obtained formulas for determinants. Some prospects of the basic results are specified.


The present article is devoted to multitime multiobjective variational problems via ?-approximation method. In this method, an ?-approximation approach
 is applied to the considered problem, and a new problem is constructed,
 called as ?-approximated multitime multiobjective variational problem that
 contains the change in objective and both constraints functions. The
 equivalence between an efficient (Pareto optimal) solution to the main
 multitime multiobjective variational problem is derived along with its
 associated ?-approximated problem under invexity defined for a multi- time
 functional. Furthermore, we have also discussed the saddle-point criteria
 for the problem considered and its associated ?-approximated problems via
 generalized invexity assumptions.


FOREWORD, BY MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES J. DUNLAP INTRODUCTION, BY PROFESSOR GEOFFREY S. CORN WHAT LAW APPLIES TO THE WAR ON TERROR? BY GEOFFREY S. CORN, SOUTH TEXAS COLLEGE OF LAW TARGETING OF PERSONS AND PROPERTY BY ERIC T. JENSEN, US ARMY JAG CORPS DETENTION OF COMBATANTS AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR BY JAMES A. SCHOETTLER, JR., GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LAW CENTER INTERROGATION AND TREATMENT OF DETAINEES IN THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR BY DICK JACKSON, US ARMY JAG CORPS TRIAL AND PUNISHMENT FOR BATTLEFIELD MISCONDUCT BY GEOFFREY S. CORN (S. TEXAS COLLEGE OF LAW) AND ERIC T. JENSEN (JAG) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY BY VICTOR M. HANSEN, NEW ENGLAND SCHOOL OF LAW BATTLEFIELD PERSPECTIVES ON THE LAWS OF WAR BY MICHAEL W. LEWIS, OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW


Governing China's Population: From Leninist to Neoliberal Biopolitics, by Susan Greenhalgh and Edwin A. Winckler. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005. xvi + 394 pp. US$65.00 (hardcover), US$24.95 (paperback). China has experienced one of the world's most rapid fertility declines: between 1975 and 2000 the country's total fertility rate fell from around 3 to 1.6, well below replacement level (2.1). Covering events from the 1950s to the present, Governing China's Population offers a fresh, engaging and comprehensive analysis of the politics surrounding this dramatic transition. Much international discussion has focused on the coercive dimensions of the Party-state's birthplanning program and the abuses suffered by infant girls as their parents have struggled to obtain one son within aggressively enforced birth limitations. Yet while coercion has been a prominent feature of the program, Susan Greenhalgh and Edwin A. Winckler balance the picture by considering the efficacy of the program's "softer" developmental measures such as education campaigns, improvements in infant and maternal health care and the distribution of contraceptives. Characteristic of their thought-provoking insights, the authors posit that a similar decline in fertility rates may well have been achieved if the billions spent on coercion had been directed towards other renowned "soft" depressants of fertility, especially the education of women and children in rural areas. A further set of soft incentives for smaller family size has arisen as an effect of rapid economic growth, to which fertility decline has contributed. On account of investment in safe childbirth and in contraceptives, parents are able to have fewer children to achieve the goal of having surviving offspring. This in turn generates an economic bonus because the proportion of dependent children relative to the productive population declines and economic growth follows. Meanwhile the socio-economic environment resulting from growth generates additional incentives for lower fertility. For instance, a growing economy both increases the financial costs of parenthood and the earning opportunity costs of motherhood. Yet the virtuous circle of economic growth and fertility decline is only a one-off opportunity, lasting a decade or two, because then the working population grows old and becomes dependent at the other end of the age scale. Accordingly, rapid fertility decline creates a social security crisis, and current trends suggest that China may be the world's first nation to grow old before it has grown rich. While perilous population dilemmas-coercive contraceptive procedures, neglect of baby girls, and ageing-dominate Western imaginations of the PRC, much less is known about the politics that underpin China's ambitious social engineering program and the substantial shifts that have occurred in its population policies. By charting these shifts in policy as well as the politics shaping them, the authors fill a major gap in the literature and provide a valuable corrective to continuing mainstream Western perceptions of an uncompromising policy implemented by a monolithic and unethical state. This aspect of the book's contribution is important because, as the authors demonstrate, Western perceptions of China's population policy have serious consequences. They have, for instance, informed the Bush administration's decision to withdraw funding from the United Nations Family Planning Association. Grounded in Foucauldian analysis, the book's central arguments-that the politics of China's birth planning have an ethical basis and that population politics have propelled cutting-edge governance reforms which have ultimately strengthened the regime-are both challenging and compelling. The authors demonstrate that, particularly in the post-Mao era, the wellbeing of the population became the primary means and ends of government. They suggest that the antinatalist program was ethical in a life-cultivation sense because preventing some births enhanced the wellbeing of those born. …


During downhole remedial operation,development of inner blowout preventer,which is applied for big diameter deep well pump second operation,is important development direction of implementing safety production and non-polluted operation.The structure and working principle of FTJ-2 blowout on-off connector of big diameter deep well pump was presented.It combined three functions in one,which is blowout control,butted joint and unlock,and has features of extraordinary load stand,simple structure and practical.Through popularizing in an oil field,the blowout on-off connector could realize snubbing service,the rate of butted joint and unlock was higher,the second operation seal ability was powerful,the prospect of popularizing and application was very good.


It has been established that there are strains of Trichomonas gallinae which may differ from one another with respect to their virulence for pigeons (Stabler, 1948). Some strains, though readily becoming established, produce no gross pathology. Others may nearly always be fatal, death being accompanied by extensive caseations of the upper digestive tract, and of the viscera, especially the liver. Some strains appear to be intermediate between these two extremes. One wonders whether or not infection with one of the generally sub-lethal strains of T. gallinae would confer an immunity against one of the highly virulent strains. Such a situation appears to exist in similar flagellate infections. Recovery from an acute Trichomonas foetus infection in heifers is generally accompanied by protection against future genital trichomoniasis (see monograph by Morgan, 1944). Likewise, Tyzzer (1932, 1934) showed that infection in young chickens and turkeys with an attenuated strain of Histomonas meleagridis resulted in a decided protection against the more virulent strains of the parasite. The present paper presents evidence indicating the existence of a similar situation with respect to T. gallinae infection in pigeons.


A review of source apportionment studies for airborne particulate matter reveals that unique chemical tracers are only available for a few general source categories including wood combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, meat cooking, crustaceous seafood cooking, candle combustion, tobacco smoke, and leaf abrasion. Unique chemical profiles can be constructed for many more sources, but their interpretation requires the uses of complex source apportionment models. Ten models that calculate the contribution that different sources make to air borne particulate matter are reviewed: Tracer Analysis, Chemical Mass Balance, Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization, Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Chemical Mass Balance / Factor Analysis, Target Transformation Factor Analysis, Emissions Inventory Analysis, and Source-oriented Chemical Transport Models. The mathematical basis, assumptions, and limitations for each source apportionment model are summarized. The source apportionment methods are shown to provide a continuous spectrum of capabilities with increasingly detailed information provided as the amount of input data expands. A protocol to characterize source contributions to primary and secondary airborne particulate matter concentrations in a region of interest is recommended. Ambient data sets can first be analyzed using bilinear statistical models to identify approximate source identities and contributions. After important source profiles have been measured, linear statistical models can be applied to calculate source contributions to primary particulate matter at receptor locations. If regional source contributions to airborne particulate matter and / or source contributions to secondary particulate matter are important, emissions inventories can be developed for the region of interest and source-oriented chemical transport models can be used to identify important source contributions to these features of airborne particulate matter.


What does contemporary Indigenous stewardship look like in urban spaces? We answer this question by exploring Urban ʻĀina, a practice-based Native Hawaiian paradigm that shapes how we engage urban landscapes as Indigenous spaces, revitalizes the expression of Indigenous knowledge, and relies on Indigenous sensibilities to address and respond to modern issues such as food security, ecological degradation, and the climate change crisis. We find that places shaped by Urban ʻĀina practices serve as cultural kīpuka—biocultural refugia where kincentric, reciprocal relationships are honored through the engagement of ancestral knowledge. In Hawaiʻi, efforts to maintain these kincentric relationships continue to be challenged by political, socioeconomic, environmental, psychological, and spiritual disruptions that have their origin in the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Our research methodology and the paper's resulting structure rely on ceremony and the Pewa Framework, which were selected to transport you through our restoration process. This exploration and the sharing of innovative case studies from urban Oʻahu bring breath and the healing power of Indigenous knowledge and ancestral practices to urban spaces, with the aim of transforming contemporary conceptions of urban stewardship. Through our process, we demonstrate how revitalized ancestral practices foster ecological sustainability, restorative justice, biocultural continuity, food sovereignty, regenerative forestry, and community wellbeing in urban spaces.


DESCRIBED A process for preparing an antimicrobial composition based on an adduct of MAGNESIUM SULFATE-pyridine derivative and a salt ZINC IN WHICH COMBINE A derivative of pyrithione nonionic, water-soluble, known chemically as an adduct AND ZINC SALT soluble in water, preferably in a ratio of 1 to 10 parts by weight of one of these ingredients per part by weight of other ingredients. The compositions obtained are especially useful in formulations THERAPEUTIC AND CLEANING SUCH AS LAUNDRY FORMULATIONS SURGICAL, skin disinfectants, mouthwashes, deodorants, cleaning agents HOSPITALS AND SIMILAR.


Abstract : The inhalation toxicity of 3-(phenoxyphenyl) methyl (+ or -)-cis, trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (Permethrin) AI3-29158 was determined in rats, beagle dogs, and guinea pigs. They were exposed to the aerosolized test material 6 hours per day for 13 weeks at concentrations of 500, 250, and 125 mg/cu m. The aerosolized technical grade material produced tremors and convulsions in Sprague-Dawley rats at the 500 mg/ cu m concentration. These toxic reactions disappeared by the second week of the study and were not observed in the other test animals. No gross or microscopic compound-related pathological changes were observed in the three species. Oxygen consumption was monitored in the rats. No differences from cage controls were found in any test group; urine metabolite studies indicated that the material is rapidly metabolized and excreted. Enzyme induction studies run in postexposure male rats indicated that the group exposed to 500 mg/cu m had induction of liver enzymes. No permanent changes were observed in dogs, rats or guinea pigs as a result of repeated exposures to aerosols of Permethrin for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks at concentrations of 500, 250, and 125 mg/cu m. Ninety-day subchronic inhalation studies in three species resulted in a no effect concentration of 125 mg/cu m. (Author)