After Magellan 30 years ago, US Venus exploration has relied on archived data, Earth-based and flyby observations of missions bound elsewhere, and international efforts such as Venus Express (ESA) and Akatsuki (JAXA) until the selection of NASA Discovery missions VERITAS and DAVINCI and participation in ESA's EnVision. These missions will address a significant number of major science questions about the past and present of Venus. Nevertheless, many additional and crucial questions about the history of Venus, including its similarities and differences from Earth, will remain unresolved even after the success of these new missions. Significant divergences in planetary evolution of Venus and Earth require knowledge that is not obtainable by the selected suite of upcoming missions, but can be attained by an innovative approach in the next 20 years if precursor science and technology paves the way. In the same way that the Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Lab, and Perseverance have provided measurements that unravel the mysteries of Mars, the Venus In Situ Transfer and Analysis mission concept (VISTA) provides an opportunity to obtain measurements that cannot be obtained by a simple, short-term mission to Venus. VISTA would provide detailed knowledge of the surface and atmosphere to better understand the origin and evolution of Venus, its geology and former habitability, and the interaction of its surface with the atmosphere. Since the surface environment of Venus is not conducive to long-term missions, we propose a long duration, sky-borne laboratory in the Venus upper atmosphere, maintained at temperatures and pressures favorable for extended laboratory measurements that shed light on the composition and history of minerals and rocks retrieved from the surface. VISTA is a concept for a flagship mission to collect samples from multiple locations on the planet surface, and from the Venus atmosphere, and deliver them to a highly-capable, long-lived aerial laboratory for detailed analysis with modern instrumentation. Characterizing the composition, structure, and isotopic ratios of these samples will answer questions of surface composition across multiple geologic provinces. These measurements will help answer questions about the fundamental branch points in the evolution of Venus. Studies of atmospheric aerosols will support models of cloud formation. The longevity of VISTA will provide further information on atmospheric circulation, and provide a platform for detecting rare seismic and volcanic events. Any in situ Venus mission faces significant technical and operational challenges. VISTA shares some challenges with past and current in situ concepts, and presents its own unique challenges (e.g. asset rendezvous, sample processing, and long-lived laboratory platform). This paper describes the architecture and trades of the VISTA mission concept for the aerial laboratory, (multiple) sampling landers, ascent vehicles, and sample retrievers.


Purpose
The apparel industry is often scrutinized for its lack of environmental stewardship, and thus pro-environmental initiatives have been of significant consideration among apparel brands in recent years. However, one personality trait of specific concern to brand marketers is consumer skepticism toward climate change, which has the potential to negatively impact the success of brands' pro-environmental initiatives. In this light, research indicates that knowledge of the environmental impact of products can lead to lower skepticism (Tobler et al., 2012) and ultimately higher purchase intentions of such products. Thus, this study investigates the impact of consumers' knowledge about environmental impact of apparel, climate change skepticism on their evaluation of brands' pro-environmental initiatives (shared value and perceived benefit) and ultimately their relationship with the brand (perceived trust, commitment), leading to purchase intention for both familiar and unfamiliar brands.

Design/methodology/approach
Two separate studies were conducted for familiar and unfamiliar brands. Data for online surveys were collected from two US nationwide samples and analyzed using path analyses.

Findings
Consumers' intention to purchase from a pro-environmental brand was influenced by knowledge and skepticism. Particularly, the obtained shared value perceptions and perceived benefits of consumers influenced their relationship with the brand through trust and commitment, which eventually impacted their intention to purchase from the brand. Differences were observed for familiar and unfamiliar brands.

Practical implications
Findings of this study will help brand managers design effective pro-environmental marketing messages. Both familiar and unfamiliar brands would benefit from educating consumers about the true environmental impact of their apparel choices, as well as the personal benefits and values earned when purchasing/consuming pro-environmental apparel. This, in turn, reduces consumer skepticism toward climate change, leading to favorable evaluations of the brand's pro-environmental initiatives and improvement of long-term brand relations.

Originality/value
This study extended the social exchange theory by understanding antecedents of consumers' shared value and perceived benefits, namely, their knowledge about the environmental impact of apparel and their skepticism toward climate change, with the final outcome variable being consumers' patronage intention of pro-environmental brands.


The interpretation ofthe resonance Raman (RR) spectra ofhemoproteins is based on the normal mode calculations for model compounds - porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. In our works'3 it was shown that the atoms of side substituents participate in vibrations which are active in the RR spectra of porphyrins and hemoproteins. In this paper the interpretation of vibrational coordinates of the porphyrin macrocycle with those of substituents is considered; henceforth this interaction will be called vibrational mixing. The vibrational mixing, firstly, leads to changes in the frequencies and forms many vibrations of the macrocycle and substituents. Secondly, in our opinion, it causes the activation of the modes, in which the main role is played by the substituent, in the RR and vibronic spectra.


MPEG4 is an open standard for the production, delivery and consumption of audiovisual content. The standard is divided into systems, audio and video, of which systems deals with object-based representation of audio-visual content. To facilitate the streaming of such object-based data streams, MPEG4 defines the delivery multimedia integration framework to provide a universal interface with the multitude of transport mechanisms available through open standards, such as RTP/UDP/IP. This paper focuses on the issues involved in the software implementation of MPEG4 systems in a terminal player, and the streaming of MPEG4 content from a server to the terminal player.


Four different common methods including lysozyme method,FDA method,Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) method and thermal cracking method were compared in order to determine a more efficient way for extraction of DNA from Staphylococcus aureus.The result showed that the SDS method could yield the best quality of DNA,and was highly sensitive.Very low concentration of extracted DNA,such as 2.95 pg or even less,could still be detected by PCR.Moreover,the SDS method was stable and economic.Overall,the SDS method was considered to be an ideal DNA extraction method from S.aureus.


Three chalcones and two flavanones displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity were isolated from the seed of Psoralea corylifolia, a cultivated edible plant. The isolated compounds were elucidated as known isovabachalcone, 4′-O-methylbavachalcone, isobavachromene, corylifolin, and bavachinin. The inhibitory potencies of the polyphenols toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compounds 1–5 for monophenolase activity were determined to be 12.3, 48.8, 15.8, 23.6, and 143.9 μM, respectively. The potent inhibitors 1–4 exhibited the competitive inhibition characteristics in analysis of Lineweaver-Burks and Dixon-plot.


PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the long-run relationship between workers' remittances and economic growth in Sri Lanka using time series data spanning 1975–2021.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed both exploratory data analysis (EDA) and inferential data analysis (IDA) tools. EDA includes the scatter plots, confidence ellipse with Kernel fit, whereas IDA covers unit root test, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds technique, the Granger's causality test, and impulse response function (IRF) analysis.FindingsEDA confirms that workers' remittances have a positive relationship with per-capita gross domestic product (GDP). All variables used in this study are I(1). This study is exhibited that workers' remittances have a positive long-run relationship with per-capita GDP. The estimated coefficient of the error correction term shows that the dependent variable moves towards the long-run equilibrium path. Workers' remittances have a short-run and long-run causal relationship with per-capita GDP. The IRF analysis indicates that a one standard deviation shock to workers' remittances has initially an immediate significant positive impact on economic growth.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights into workers' remittances in economic growth in Sri Lanka. Further, the findings of this study also provide evidence that workers' remittances increase economic growth.Originality/valueUsing ARDL bounds test, Granger's Causality test and IRF analysis for examining the relationship between workers' remittances and economic growth are the originality of this study.


A 2D fully nonlinear wave-current numerical wave tank (NWT) based on BEM is investigated. In this paper, a new approach, a total velocity potential function is adopted to solve a wave-current interaction problem; meanwhile, the fully nonlinear free surface boundary condition is treated by using Mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian method (MEL). A linear and a high order wave-current theories are used as a feeding function separately to generate waves from input boundary, and assume the uniform current has existed in the wave tank before waves are generated. To dissipate the wave energy at the end of wall, a numerical damping zone is modified and deployed at the tank-end. A boundary element method with linear element scheme and the RungeKutta 4th order method are used to predict the water surface elevation varied with time. The simulated results show well agreement with other solutions in deep water as well as in intermediate water depths.


The desire of the governing class of colonial New South Wales to reduce drunkenness among the working classes coincided with the desire to create a wine industry. This intersection occurred in legislation encouraging substitution of light wine for beer and spirits. The notion that encouraging production and consumption of colonial wine could create sobriety arose from faith in the transformative qualities of wine. This faith can be traced from influential philosopher Adam Smith's conviction in Wealth of Nations (1776) that people who lived in proximity to wine regions in France were among the most sober Europeans to the enactment of a policy of substitution in the New South Wales Parliament in the 1860s.


Distinctive patterns are predicted by quenched quark models and unquenched quark models for the lowest SU(3) baryon nonet with spin parity $J^P=1/2^-$. While the quenched quark models predict the lowest $1/2^-$ $\Sigma^*$ resonance to be above 1600 MeV, the unquenched quark models predict it to be around $\Sigma^*(1385)$ energy. Here we re-examine some old data of the $\kp \to \la$ reaction and find that besides the well established $\Sigma^{*}(1385)$ with $J^P=3/2^+$, there is indeed some evidence for the possible existence of a new $\Sigma^{*}$ resonance with $J^P=1/2^-$ around the same mass but with broader decay width. Higher statistic data on relevant reactions are needed to clarify the situation.


The definitions about edge matrix and cycle colouring of edge edge matrix are given.The theorems on 2-factorization of complete graphs Kv are proved.The basic concept of decomposing of complete graphs into 2-factors are described.The 2-factorization of complete graphs K2n+1,K2n is presented.


All parts of Trionyx sinensis are the treasure,and all of its muscle,shell,blood,fat,gall are used as medicine, it is nourishing food of the same origin in both medicine and food.Through the processing products study on the cut product of Trionyx sinensis such as muscle,shell,blood,fat,gall,the utilization of its waste is strengthened.As a result,it not only increases the additional value of science and technology,but also extends the population and channel of expenditure.It opens up a new road for promoting the development of aquaculture of Trionyx sinensis and interrelative industries such as food processing,medicine developing.


We compare labour market transitions between Australia and Japan using longitudinal data, applying dynamic multinomial models controlling for initial values and unobserved heterogeneity. For Australia, casual or fixed-term employment in period t-1 significantly raises the probability of permanent or ongoing employment in period t for both men and women. For Japan, fixed-term employment in period t-1 does not have any significant effect on the probability of permanent or ongoing employment in period t for either sexes. While for Australian women, permanent or ongoing employment in the current period significantly lowers the probability of casual or fixed-term employment in the subsequent period, for Japanese women, there is a corresponding increase in probability. The theoretical probability of labour market transitions from fixed-term employment to permanent employment is the lowest for Japanese women among the four country-


This paper focuses on the problem of the management class. The views of the management ofclass had only understood as the ability pinata, control and regulate the class, so thatwell-organized classes and fun. Though not so. Management of the class was alsorelated to psychological aspects, administrative and paedagogis.In this paper the author tries to describe what are the components of classroom management, in addition tophysical aspects. So it can be understood that classroom management is a psychic and physical activityby teachers in designing the governance of the class in terms of psychology, administration and paedagogis.


Novel Fe-based soft magnetic composites (SMCs) with hybrid phosphate-alumina layers were prepared by both sol–gel and ball-milling methods. The effects of the fabrication methods and the addition of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and the soft magnetic performance of SMCs were studied. The formation of the hybrid phosphate-Al2O3 shell not only leads to the decrease of the total core loss, but also results in the reduction of the permeability and saturation magnetization. However, the degree of decrease caused by the different methods were not identical. The sample with 8% Al2O3 prepared by the sol–gel method showed the best magnetic performance, exhibiting a high-amplitude permeability (μa) of 85.14 and a low total core loss (Ps) of 202.3 W/kg at 50 mT and 100 kHz. The hysteresis loss factor and the eddy current loss factor were obtained by loss separation. The results showed that the samples with the same Al2O3 content prepared by different methods exhibited almost the same total core loss. However, the contribution of the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss showed an obvious difference in behavior because of the change of the particle shapes and the refinement of the particle size during the ball-milling process.


The article explores economic motive forces that drive individuals to make their choices of educational paths. This research issue is relevant in equal measure to theory — the study of economic human behavior, and practice — the enhancement of human capital investment efficiency. The authors have developed an econometric model of individual choice decisions concerning educational paths. It was implemented with the software support and bolstered with the live data on over 5.5 thousand students. To analyze the values of rational economic expectancies in the choice of educational paths, the students' preferences were compared to the optimal, economically feasible educational paths. The findings have shown that a choice of educational paths is chiefly made in line with the economic incentives. With respect to the analyzed sample, 66% of university applicants made their choices with regard to economic preferences. Higher expected earnings after graduation — 22% of the choices, and reduction in college tuition costs or education against the budget — 12%, are the most significant factors shaping optimal educational paths. We believe that one outcome from the research is the prospect of a national policy issue for human capital investment with due regard for students and university entrants' expectancies.


The trampling of vegetation caused by recreation and tourism can lead to the loss of vegetation and the degradation of plant communities, which adversely affects natural habitats. This paper investigates the impact of trampling on plant species in the high-mountain environment, where plant resources are limited and any recovery is slow. It is commonly accepted that the sensitivity of the vegetation in mountains increases as altitude increases. Therefore, this study supposed that the same plant species would have different responses to trampling at different altitudes. By using a standardized method of experimental trampling, an empirical study was conducted on eight plant species at two altitudes: 4072 m and 4480 m. Each species was trampled 0–500 times. Response to trampling was assessed by determining plant cover two weeks after trampling and one year after trampling. For most species, the relationship between plant cover after trampling and trampling intensity was very clear (linear). This research found the following: (1) vegetation has extremely high ecological sensitivity to trampling in the examined environment; (2) above 4000 m, an increase in altitude does not increase the sensitivity of vegetation. Vegetation above a certain altitude exhibits similar, very high sensitivity to trampling.


During the Shallow Water Experiment (SW06) a Webb Slocum glider, deployed by Rutgers University, demonstrated that gliders are promising vehicles for towing short acoustic arrays. The gliders saw‐tooth trajectory allows for sampling the water column at varying depths and ranges. Further, the glider provides a low‐speed platform, allowing for a flow‐noise free towed array, which is ideal for the processing of low level signals. One attractive application for glider‐towed arrays is target tracking. By using the passive synthetic aperture effect, coupled with a near‐field model for the signal, the coordinates of an acoustic source can be estimated using a Kalman filter, but without the necessity of the maneuver normally required by bearings‐only tracking. This is possible since the large aperture traced out by the glider permits wavefront curvature to be exploited for range estimation. Using synthetic narrowband data, it is shown that the range and bearing of a low‐level acoustic source can be estimated with...


A design for enhancing impedance bandwidth of wideband slot antenna is proposed and studied. The wideband slot antenna with a finite ground plane on the 50 ohm SMA connector is used for enhancing the impedance bandwidth. The measured results of the proposed antenna show that the impedance bandwidth is related with dimensions of a finite ground plane. By properly adjusting the dimension of finite ground plane, the antenna of UWB (ultra wideband) for IEEE802.15.3a can be achieved. For the 10 dB return loss, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 2.3 GHz to 12 GHz. The gain variation is changing from 0.2 to 6.98 dBi. The test results agreed well with those of simulation.


We analyse in detail the three-moment maximum entropy radiation hydrodynamics which describes the motion of a gas of massless particles obeying Maxwell–Boltzmann, Bose–Einstein or Fermi–Dirac statistics. The primitive fields of this hydrodynamics are the energy density, the heat flux and the flux of the heat flux. We focus on the study of one-dimensional flows. Thus, the independent or non-vanishing variables defining the state of the gas are 3 in number. Two formulations are used: the formulation in terms of the Lagrange multipliers of the constrained optimization problem and the formulation in terms of the primitive fields. We prove that there exists a diffeomorphism between the open convex domain of Lagrange multipliers and the whole natural domain of primitive fields.


Ditylenchus arachis was firstly found in hulls and seeds of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in 2014 and is an economically important nematode pest of peanut in northern China. The rDNA-ITS regions of 7 D. arachis populations were PCR amplified. Sequence analysis showed that the interspecific diversity was found between D. arachis and other Ditylenchus species based on ITS-1 sequences. A set of species-specific primers (named DARF /DARR) for rapid identification of D. arachis was designed based on the sequence analysis of rDNA-ITS 1. The primers were sensitive to generate a specific band of the correct size (171 bp) from DNA template of a single different developmental stage of D. arachis. The reliability of the primers was tested by screening 18 different geographical populations of D. arachis in China, and an expected band size was produced for all populations tested. The closely related Ditylenchus species and general nematodes collected from soil of peanut were also tested for the primers, no specific band was amplified. Given its specificity, sensitivity and reliability, the specific primers should be of great benefit to accurate identification of D. arachis, which is fundamental for effective management of the nematode. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers


The recent development of computer applications in the field of nuclear medicine and application for radioisotope scintigraphy in particular are discussed. Computer applicable information in nuclear medicine is divided into four types: sample measuring as represented by radioactivily counting; progressively changing information such as level counting in the renogram according to time sequence; scan image information represented by distributed value counting in scintigraphy; and such changing information as those of radionuclide kinetics scanned in scintigraphy. The paper describes data processing in scintiscanning devices with gamma camera attached, converting image information from digital to analog with reference to equipment and data acquisition methods that differ according to the type of equipment. Image quality transformation and feature extraction, modulation transfer function, refocusing, and the method of convolution integral are also discussed. The National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan, is developing an on-line data processing system for scintiscanning data by use of a large gamma camera. For clinical use of the computer, inter-diciplinary cooperation should be expected especially in the computer installed hospital for the development of computer attached information handling system as an integral part of the whole hospital operation. (JA)


The rapid development of capital construction scale of universities and colleges brings a series of problems such as resources consumption and environmental damage, etc. This paper discusses how to carry out ideas of sustainable development in planning design of universities and colleges from aspects of effectively utilizing land resource, organic combination of greenbelt planning r with landscape planning, fusion of buildings and nature, energy saving and reasonable design standard, etc.


Nowadays,it is a totally new topic for us to construct harmonious campus on the background of constructing harmonious society.Vocational schools and colleges play a important role in our education system.We should explore the potentiality of college education,take the advantage of all kinds of education resources,and enhance the establishment of system and construction of culture.At the same time,we also must embody the idea of "everything for students",organize activities,and improve the process of quality education,so we can get all the targets of college education and the constructing of harmonious campus.


Summary The respiratory burst associated with phagocytosis can be significantly inhibited by high concentrations of chloramphenicol without impairment of phagocytosis perse. The impaired respiratory burst reflects decreased activation of the HMP shunt probably through the mechanism of enzyme inhibition.


SIFT is a well-known algorithm on image retrieval with good precision and robustness, but its high computation time makes it difficult in practical projects. A fast SIFT algorithm based on color vector (CV-SIFT) is proposed to enhance the time performance and keep precision. A feature extracted method based on region-averaged color vector is introduced to achieve color descriptors, which is a new feature descriptor in CV-SIFT. At the matching stage, a new matching policy is used to reduce false matches by combining the threshold and ratio of similarity. Experiments demonstrate that the time performance of CV-SIFT is boosted greatly, and the precision is retained fairly.


Background The growing incidence of prematurely born children and the improvement of survival rates have been associated with highly problematic long term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Brain structural alterations associated with these mainly cognitive difficulties most likely involve cortical organization. This study presents new ways of assessing structural organization of the cortex through thickness measurements. Subjects/methods Preterm infants (N=42, GA 28.7±3.1 wks) were scanned at 6 years of age using the 3T MRI scanner. High-resolution 3D T1 MRI images were analyzed using MNI tools (http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/~alan/lab.html). IUGR preterm subjects (N=14) were identified by abnormal antenatal Doppler measurements and mean birth weights below10th percentile. Cortical thickness was computed between extracted cortical surfaces and analyzed using the SurfStat tools (http://www.math.mcgill.ca/keith/surfstat/). Results GA at birth within all subjects showed positive correlation with cortical thickness measurements (bilateral precuneus, right medial temporal gyrus, right cuneus, left inferior parietal lobule and left parieto-occipital arcus) at 6 years. The effect of preterm birth in the right junction of paracentral lobule and the precuneus and in the right transverse temporal gyrus shows statistically significant differences between groups (p=0.001, positively correlated with thickness at 6 years in the IUGR group and negatively correlated in the non-IUGR group). Discussion/conclusion Our results indicate that the regional structural reorganization of cerebral cortex after preterm birth differs in IUGR and non-IUGR subjects. Preterm birth affects the higher order association areas with increased thickness or less thinning in IUGR than non-IUGR born children. These cortical changes might underlay the specific functional deficits observed in these children.


During the JEF-2 test phase the new evaluation for '%U + n in the unresolved resonance region has been &e&d against recent capture cross section measurements and against thick-sample transmission data and capture self-indication ratios. Effects of the unresolved resonance structure on self-shielding and multiple scattering were treated by Monte Carlo techniques based on resonance statistics and average resonance parameters. It was found that the average cross sections and average resonance parameters given in the new evaluation permit very satisfactory reproduction of all the measurements used in the tests.


children, complete with a Jewish national consciousness, and raise funds for the Zionist project and were thereby marginalized in Zionist politics. Chapter 5 explores Jewish women as patients and practitioners of medicine and psychoanalysis with an extensive discussion of the representations of Jewish women in the psychoanalytic literature. In the sixth and concluding chapter, Rose studies how the middle-class ideals of several generations of male writers shaped literary representations of Jewish women. Although Rose successfully uncovers the intense discursive preoccupation with "the Jewish woman" in Viennese society, we learn surprisingly little about Jewish women's actual lives or contributions to fin-de-siècle culture (219). Indeed, although the author sets out to reveal the interplay between image and identity, or discourse and experience, this dynamic is not adequately established. As a result, most of the chapters are divided into two somewhat disconnected parts, one focusing on women's experiences, the other on images of women. For example, in her analysis of the Zionist movement, Rose describes some of the Zionist women's organizations and their activities and includes an extensive analysis of the image of women in Zionist ideology. The author does not, however, address how Zionist women responded to the demands from the movement's ideologues that they adopt what was considered an apolitical and hence appropriately feminine role. The voices are, as throughout the book, predominantly male; and the emphasis is on representation rather than women's experiences or contributions to Viennese culture. Another problem is the author's lack of attention to the complex social and cultural composition of Viennese Jewish society. This was a community that, as Rose mentions, experienced a tremendous growth in the late Habsburg period with Jews moving to the city from every region of the empire (56–57). Nevertheless, throughout the book, Vienna's "Jewish women" are treated as a culturally homogenous middle-class group. The author makes only a passing mention of the presence of a large lower-class Eastern Jewish population—a lack of analytical nuance that weakens the many fine observations that Rose otherwise makes. Nonetheless, with this study of Jewish women in Vienna, Rose makes a welcome contribution to the history of finde-siècle Viennese culture.


While several magnetic topological semimetals have been discovered in recent years, their band structures are far from ideal, often obscured by trivial bands at the Fermi energy. Square‐net materials with clean, linearly dispersing bands show potential to circumvent this issue. CeSbTe, a square‐net material, features multiple magnetic‐field‐controllable topological phases. Here, it is shown that in this material, even higher degrees of tunability can be achieved by changing the electron count at the square‐net motif. Increased electron filling results in structural distortion and formation of charge density waves (CDWs). The modulation wave‐vector evolves continuously leading to a region of multiple discrete CDWs and a corresponding complex "Devil's staircase" magnetic ground state. A series of fractionally quantized magnetization plateaus is observed, which implies direct coupling between CDW and a collective spin‐excitation. It is further shown that the CDW creates a robust idealized nonsymmorphic Dirac semimetal, thus providing access to topological systems with rich magnetism.


OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for dissolution of Aciclovir tablets. METHODS Hypersil BDS C18column(150 mm × 4. 6mm,5μm) was used with a mobile phasecomposed of methanol-water(10 ∶ 90) at the flow rate of 1. 0m L·min- 1. The detection wavelength was 254 nm and the temperature of the column was 30℃. The injection volume was 20μL. RESULTS The calibration curve of Aciclovir was linear in the range of 4. 664 ~93. 28μg·m L- 1(r = 0. 999 9). The average recovery was 99. 8% with RSD of 0. 2%(n = 9). CONCLUSION Compared with the standard method,the results are satisfactory,and the method is effective and accurate,which could be used for the determination of dissolution of Aciclovir tablets.


In this article, I investigate how gendered nationalism is articulated through everyday practices in relation to immigrant integration policy and the intersectional production of inequality in South Korea. By using ethnographic data collected at community centers created to implement national "multicultural" policy, I examine the individual perspectives and experiences of Korean staff and targeted recipients (marriage migrants). To defend their own "native" privileges, the Korean staff stressed the gendered caretaking roles of marriage migrants and their contribution to the nation as justification for state support. The migrants, while critical of the familial responsibilities imposed on them in Korea, underscored their gendered value to the nation (as mothers to "Korean" children) to offset their subjugated position. The diverging perspectives of the two groups are informed by "everyday" nationalism, generated through constantly gendered terms and effects. Bringing together the literature on nationalism and migration through a focus on reproductive labor, I expose how national boundaries are drawn through quotidian practices of gendered nationalism, with significant implications for gender and ethnic hierarchies.


The invention provides a method and an associated arrangement for the creation of medical reports. The method is used in a medical information management system (1) for execution. In this case, reference data (22) are stored (101), which refer to object data (6), which are obtained through various medical applications (7). The reference data (22) to use when creating (105) of medical reports, to include the associated object data (6) to which show the reference data (22) in the report. This leads to an advantageous time saving in the preparation of a medical report, especially in complex test series with inclusion of various medical applications may be of substantial size.


While the Second Boer War and its concentration camps resulted in intense reactions, some criticised war-related issues have been misrepresented. Then-contemporary British individuals and the British media distorted them to mitigate British responsibility and in addition to this, a group of historians discredited Afrikaner sources due to their political relevance. It seems that the 20th century did not conclude the debate over the true nature of the event. On the contrary, as a legacy of the then-contemporary debates, the question remains as to what extent first the British and then the Boers contributed to the devastating impact of the camps leaving the debates of the history of post-colonial South Africa inconclusive.


To develop modern agriculture is the inevitable choice for Henan Province.The results of calculation and contrasting analysis show that the level of agricultural modernization in Henan lies at the stage of the first agricultural modernization and in face of challenge of the second agricultural modernization.In the proecess of achieving agricultural modernization in Henan,it is necessary to resolve the problems of shortage of agricultural resources,serious diffuse pollution and scarcity of funds for production through the measures of protecting and improving agricultural ecology and environment,advancing rapid development of second and third industries,achieving science and technology progress,and connecting effectively agricultural system and social and economic systems.


Abstract A key to the forty-seven taxa in the lichen genus Pertusaria known and accepted from China is presented. The following five species are reported as new to China: P. carneopallida, P. hemisphaerica, P. monogona, P. plittiana, P. pycnothelia, P. trachythallina, and P. xanthodes. Specimens representative of each taxon are cited. Pertusaria albovelata is synonymized with P. velata. Pertusaria huangshanensis S. Yu & J. Wu ex Q. Ren sp. nov. is described.


The possibility of using an intercalated montmorillonite for separation of cesium and strontium radionuclides from aqueous solutions was studied in this work. The distribution coefficients of Cs and Sr were Kd = (2.5 ± 0.2)×103 L/kg. The time of achieving sorption equilibrium did not exceed 10 minutes that indicates the external diffusion as the limiting stage of sorption. Adsorption of strontium occurs due to formation of a monolayer in pores of the sorbent and it can be described by Langmuir equilibrium. Separation of cesium occurs as a result of poly layer adsorption due to dehydration of cesium ions. Static exchange capacity of the sorbent was found to be 1.7 mmol/g and 1.6 mmol/g for cesium and strontium respectively. The experimental data can be used for development of technological schemes of rehabilitation of water sources at radioactively contaminated lands.


Abstract—The presence of contrast enhancement in a brain tumor is often regarded as a sign of malignancy. The authors identified 314 patients with malignant and low-grade supratentorial glial neoplasms in an unselected population, 58 of which lacked contrast enhancement on preoperative neuroimaging. Nonenhancing gliomas were malignant in approximately one third of cases, especially in older patients. Histologic confirmation of the diagnosis is therefore important in all patients suspected of harboring a primary glial neoplasm.


Kernel approximation methods are important tools for various machine learning problems. There are two major methods used to approximate the kernel function: the Nyström method and the random features method. However, the Nyström method requires relatively high-complexity post-processing to calculate a solution and the random features method does not provide sufficient generalization performance. In this paper, we propose a method that has good generalization performance without high-complexity postprocessing via empirical orthogonal decomposition using the probability distribution estimated from training data. We provide a bound for the approximation error of the proposed method. Our experiments show that the proposed method is better than the random features method and comparable with the Nyström method in terms of the approximation error and classification accuracy. We also show that hierarchical feature extraction using our kernel approximation demonstrates better performance than the existing methods.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the geographic variation in otoliths' shape and size and the effect of potential fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in otolith size on the stock structure of Mullus barbatus collected from the Bizerte and Ghar El Melh lagoons located in northeastern Tunisia and to evaluate the relationship between the otolith mass asymmetry (OMA) and total length (TL). Analysis of the otolith shape showed a statistically significant intersexual shape difference, i.e. asymmetry, in the left and right and left-left and right-right otoliths between populations of the two lagoons. In addition, significant intersexual differences were detected in Lo, Wo, and Mo, as well as in FA, between the left and right otoliths among the two populations. Moreover, no statistically significant relationship (P > 0.05) was found between OMA and TL between and within the two populations. At the intrapopulation level, a significant intrasexual asymmetry was observed in the left and right, as well as on left-left and right-right sides, otoliths' shape and size only within the Ghar El Melh lagoon. Discriminant function analysis of the otoliths' contour shape confirmed the presence of two separate stocks representing the Bizerte and Ghar El Melh lagoons, which should be managed separately. This significant inter and intrapopulation asymmetry detected in otolith shape and size due to FA can be attributed to the instability of larval development caused either by environmental stress associated with variation in water temperature, salinity, feeding conditions and pollutants or due to poor living conditions of larvae resulting from unfavourable environments.


In earlier preprints new vacuum tube and output transformer equivalent models were proposed. These models are now applied to the famous Quad II valve amplifier. Results of models and measurements are compared in the frequency-time and amplitude domains. It is demonstrated that output transformers and multi grid vacuum tubes and complete vacuum tube amplifiers can be modeled with great precision


The transnational operations of Chinese petroleum enterprises have achieved a certain scale,but with the rapid growth of foreign investment,the risks of transnational operations are rising.In order to help meet the demand for energy due to China's rapid economic growth,it is an imperative task to strengthen the awareness and establish the mechanism of risk management.The political risks of Chinese petroleum enterprises are rising because of both the International Interest Group and the recovery of Economic Nationalism.Moreover,Chinese petroleum enterprises are facing complicated dynamic risks including the price fluctuation in the international petroleum market,the exchange rate fluctuation,the enterprise integration after enterprise merge and the new international standard adoption.It is only possible for them to attain their strategic goals by making a conscientious analysis on the composition of the risks and their trend of changes and work out practicable countermeasures as soon as possible.


A teaching programme designed to facilitate the reflection on and development of more sophisticated epistemological beliefs was implemented with 29 pre-service graduate teacher education students at a large metropolitan university in Australia in 1997. As part of the year-long teaching programme, the students were required to reflect in journal entries on the content of an educational psychology unit in relation to their epistemological beliefs. The students engaged in this teaching programme were interviewed in relation to their beliefs about knowing at the beginning (Interview 1) and conclusion (Interview 2) of the teaching programme. Eleven participants were then interviewed again (Interview 3) in their third year of teaching. The results of the qualitative data analysis of all three interviews indicated that, over time, seven participants became more constructivist in their beliefs about knowing, two maintained the same beliefs, while two described less constructivist beliefs. Implications for teaching are discussed.


Based on the (in part verified) ideas of a dynamical ``abelian-ization'' and subsequent ``center-ization'' of pure SU($N$) gauge theory an effective potential for relevant field variables is constructed in the limit of large N. To do this the theory is assumed to be thermalized and to be gravitationally deformed. BPS saturation in the dynamics of the monopole field is shown to lead to a suppression of the back reaction due to classical gravity. The classical, effective description of the gauge theory can be justified for both the regime of maximal abelian gauge symmetry and the center symmetric phase.


In a district rural hospital in Uganda, 850 surgical patients were evaluated prospectively over a 3‐year period to compare the clinical efficacy of conventional postoperative penicillin therapy with single‐dose ampicillin prophylaxis for hernia repair and ectopic pregnancy, and with single‐dose ampicillin‐metronidazole prophylaxis for hysterectomy and caesarean section. The high rate of postoperative infection usually encountered in African hospitals after conventional treatment with penicillin for 7 days was significantly reduced with the new regimen: from 7·5 to 0 per cent in hernia repair and from 10·7 to 2·4 per cent in ectopic pregnancy; from 20·0 to 3·4 per cent in hysterectomy and from 38·2 to 15·2 per cent in caesarean section. Length of hospital stay and postoperative mortality rates were also significantly reduced. Single‐dose ampicillin prophylaxis with or without metronidazole, although rarely used in developing countries, is more cost effective than standard penicillin treatment.


A process for the preparation of a cogel catalyst com prises preparing an aqueous solution containing a Solu ble compound of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, a soluble metal compound which is thermally decompos able to a metal oxide capable of converting methane to higher hydrocarbons and a hydrolysable silane under such conditions that a homogenous cogel is formed. The cogel catalyst is effective for oxidizing methane to higher hydrocarbons and exhibits greater selectivity and lasts longer than conventional prior art catalysts. A process for using the cogel catalyst to effect oxidation of methane is also described.


Prebiotics & probiotics influence all pathogenic mechanisms of bacterial translocation. Used in combination, they are called synbiotics; and are considered to have beneficial effects on human health. Postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery lead to a significant prolongation of hospital stay and increased costs. With its environmental, social, cultural and dietary distinctiveness, it might not be entirely appropriate to extrapolate western data onto the Asian subset of the population. Furthermore, there are no clinical trials from south east Asia, and the effectiveness of synbiotics in this population remains unclear given a paucity of applicable clinical studies. This books attempts to clear the air regarding the impact of perioperative synbiotic therapy on postoperative infectious complications, morbidity & mortality in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery for chronic pancreatitis.


A central dilemma emerges when trying to understand perpetrators of evil deeds. Certain kinds of explanations may have the effect of minimising responsibility of perpetrators leaving a moral dilemma in terms of what is to be done. Hard and soft reactions to evil are described and the concept of entitlement is proposed as a way forward, reviewing also the findings of links between self-esteem and violence. A few South African examples illustrate the place of entitlement in explaining perpetrators' actions.


We prove unique continuation of solutions of the wave equation along and across lower‐dimensional planes containing the t‐axis. This is a sharpening and a generalization of a result of Cheng, Ding and Yamamoto as well as a simplification of the proof. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Complexities of terrorism actions have resulted in the transformation of counter-terrorism strategy. In this context, attempts of combating terrorism would need national, bilateral, regional, and multilateral initiatives. Another important factor is the importance of involving various institutions or organization, both in the government and non-government levels. It leads to sevreal questions, such as to what extend is the defferences role and functions of those various institutions (for instance, Densus 88, TNI, NGOs) in countering terrorism; and how do those institution coordinate their actions? In answering these questions, this paper explains historical role of TNI in countering terrorism, both before and after the separation of TNI and Polri. At the same time, this paper also scrutinise the weakest link betwee both institutions which has raised up their difficulty in coordinating policies and their implementations.


The authors report measurements and modeling of wafer heating mechanisms in an Ar∕O2 inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The authors employed a commercially available on-wafer sensor system (PlasmaTemp™ developed by KLA-Tencor) consisting of an on-board electronics module housing battery power and data storage with 30 temperature sensors embedded onto the wafer at different radial positions. This system allows for real time, in situ wafer temperature measurements. Wafer heating mechanisms were investigated by combining temperature measurements from the PlasmaTemp™ sensor wafer with a three-dimensional heat transfer model of the wafer and a model of the ICP. Comparisons between pure Ar and Ar∕O2 discharges demonstrated that two additional wafer heating mechanisms can be important in molecular gas plasmas compared to atomic gas discharges. The two mechanisms are heating from the gas phase and O-atom surface recombination. These mechanisms were shown to contribute as much as 60% to wafer heating under conditio...


The funds transferred or available for transfer home by households working abroad appear in several items of the balance of payments, which often leads to misunderstandings. This paper therefore attempts to define these concepts. It is necessary to clarify and understand the concepts associated with remittances because they may represent more stable sources of external funding compared to other external sources, and may also shape economic growth, improve the current account and thus contribute to reducing the risk premium and improving investor sentiment on the country. After illustrating the economic significance of the compensation of employees and transfers, we shed light on their trends in recent years in Hungary. The United Kingdom's referendum on EU membership in June 2016 lends particular relevance to the topic. We show that the compensation of employees working temporarily abroad significantly exceeds the current personal transfers of Hungarian households permanently living abroad, and these significantly improve the current account. Hungarian workers in Germany and Austria received the majority of wages, while the United Kingdom also plays a prominent role alongside Germany in current personal transfers made by Hungarian households living permanently abroad. At the scale of the European Union, the volume of compensation of employees and current personal transfers decreases in parallel with the level of economic development.


The paper,taking Angou Township for example,analyzes of town and village settlement distribution characteristics and village system spatial characteristics in the broken loess plateau gully region,and finds that the town and village settlements scattered distribution on the plateau surface and along the channel,also the administrative village boundaries tends to coincide with the watershed dividing line. The village system,strictly speaking,is not consistent with the Township domain-wide. The Flattened village system presented the characteristics along the watershed linear vector " flow". So the proposed village system should form Center Community. To adapt to the new production and lifestyle and ecological environment requirements,town and village contact direction should be refered to determine Center Community,also the village system range which be initially identified by the basin range and interpersonal contact range should be refered to measure off the center community radiation range. Accordingly,the leading measures of the spatial arrangement of the townand-village system in the broken loess plateau gully region can take shapeto help to improve the regional man-land relationship and to promote the coordinating development of urban and rural areas.


Background. The next generation of studies on antidepressant drug prescriptions in general practice needs to assess both the patterns of prescription and its appropriateness. This study aimed to assess the performance of the Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ), a new questionnaire for detecting individuals with ICD-10 depressive disorders, to be used in association with companion instruments for assessing the 'quality' of antidepressant prescriptions in primary care settings. Methods. The PHQ was completed by 1413 primary care attenders (100 were re-tested after 7–14 days) and 139 were selected and interviewed using the SCAN-2 and the 17-item HDRS. All data were analysed using appropriately weighted procedures to control for two-phase sampling design and non-response bias. Individual weights were estimated by logistic regression analysis and trimming strategy. Results. PHQ internal consistency and test–retest on both Likert score and number of symptoms were high. The PHQ discriminated well between individuals with and without depressive disorders. A Likert score [ges ] 9 provided a good trade-off between sensitivity (0·78) and specificity (0·83). The screening accuracy of the PHQ in detecting subjects likely to benefit from antidepressant drug treatment (SCAN cases with a HDRS total score of 13 or higher) was satisfactory (ROC area 0·87; sensitivity 0·84; specificity 0·78). Conclusions. The PHQ can be strongly suggested as an accurate and economic screener to identify primary care attenders at high risk of being clinically depressed. However, in order to identify patients requiring antidepressant drug treatment, a second-phase assessment of PHQ high scorers (total score of [ges ] 10), using the HDRS, is needed.


It is well-known that the TDR traces depend on the nature of the medium and more specifically on the dielectric properties of the matter. The model of Debye is the most common model for characterizing the dynamical dielectric properties. Combined with an efficient numerical tool, this approach is of particular interest


Aromatic constituents of Fuxiang Tea and Daye Tea were analyzed by GC/ MS method,and the analysis results of major aromatic constituents were listed as follows.(i)Fuxiang tea:linalool,α-terpineol, geraniol, nerol, nerolidol. (ii)Daye tea:linalool,hex adecanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrieroic acid methylester, α-terpineol,geraniol.The highest content of aromatic constituents in both of them was linalool,but there were distinct differences in content and composition.The similarity of aroma of them was 0.4336.


Abstract:During the COVID-19 pandemic, as Indonesia mobilized to deliver vaccines to the population, an unexpected phenomenon occurred: political parties became directly involved in the vaccine delivery effort. In this article, we draw on online reports and interviews to demonstrate that these campaigns acted as an extension of the patronage politics that dominate the country's political arena. The involvement of political parties had little effect on the national vaccination effort, as parties delivered a relatively small number of vaccines and often targeted areas that already had high coverage. Instead, parties and politicians used these events to strengthen links with constituents and supporters. We identify three main pathways that allowed political parties to access the vaccines: lobbying by members of the national legislature's health commission; through local governments; and by direct executive government access to the national Ministry of Health. This "hijacking" of a national policy for clientelistic purposes provides insight into the presence of intra-party coordination of patronage goods but also demonstrates the personalization and fragmentation of patronage distribution highlighted in the existing literature. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the quality of public healthcare and other services in Indonesia.


MagAO-X is an extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) instrument for the Magellan Clay 6.5-meter telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. Its high spatial and temporal resolution can produce data rates of 1 TB/hr or more, including all AO system telemetry and science images. We describe the tools and architecture we use for commanding, telemetry, and science data transmission and storage. The high data volumes require a distributed approach to data processing, and we have developed a pipeline that can scale from a single laptop to dozens of HPC nodes. The same codebase can then be used for both quick-look functionality at the telescope and for post-processing. We present the software and infrastructure we have developed for ExAO data post-processing, and illustrate their use with recently acquired direct-imaging data.


Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng of the Araliaceae family, has been used in Oriental medicine since ancient times as stimulant and tonic agents. In this review, The plant, chemistry, pharmacological effects, clinical pharmacology, adverse effects, drug iInteractions, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and clinical application of Panax ginseng. The chemical constituents of ginseng root have been investigated since the beginning of the 20th century, and several classes of compounds have been isolated: triterpene saponins; essential oil-containing polyacetylenes and sesquiterpenes; polysaccharides; peptidoglycans; nitrogen-containing compounds; and various ubiquitous compounds such as fatty acids, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. 31 ginsenosides have been isolated from the roots of white and red ginseng. Polyacetylenes, mainly panaxytriol, panaxynol, and panaxydol, were isolated from ginseng. The chemical active compounds possess pharmacological activities such asstimulation of immunological function; effects on the cardiovascular system, for example, lowering blood pressure; effects on lipid metabolism shown by decreases in serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and increases of serum level high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; effect on alcohol metabolism shown by the stimulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and the oxidation of alcohol in the liver; lowering of blood sugar levels; stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system; and inhibition of tumor growth. Until recently, little was known about the absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of ginseng saponins. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd, were investigated for their inhibitory effects on hepatic CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 catalytic activities in human liver microsomes. Panax ginseng generally is well tolerated, and its adverse effects are mild and reversible. Panax ginseng may interact with caffeine to cause hypertension, and it may lower blood alcohol concentrations. It also may decrease the effectiveness of warfarin. Concomitant use of Panax ginseng and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine may result in manic-like symptoms.


A total of 120 random samples of meat products including luncheon, sausage, minced meat and beef burger (30 from each) were collected from different supermarkets in Gharbia Governorate. The collected samples were transferred directly to the laboratory to be examined bacteriologically for the detection of B. cereus. All samples were cultured at 37°C for 24 hours aerobically on selective media (PEMBA) for isolation and purification and on sheep blood agar to observe the hemolysis properties. The results revealed that the incidence of B. cereus was 20%, 36.37%, 40% and 56.67% in luncheon, beef burger, sausage and Minced meat, respectively. The suspected colonies were examined for their colonial morphology, microscopical examination, and biochemical reactions.VITEK2 BCL Card was used for more identification of B. cereus strains. The public health hazards of the isolated strains were discussed.


Power systems rely on the voltage regulation to function properly. The majority of equipment, apparatus, electrical machinery, consumer appliances, and so on are intended to operate at a certain voltage. Wide voltage fluctuations may lead to operational problems, malfunctions, and performance degradation. Customers should be supplied with electricity at a relatively consistent voltage. Voltage and frequency in an A.C current system must be kept constant, whereas voltage in a D.C system must be kept constant to operate properly. The major concern is to maintain a stable voltage at the load end of the power-system. The research work in this paper improves the voltage stability of the three-phase inverter by using a PID discrete controller with a synchronous reference frame (d-q) control system. The voltage stability is investigated under various loading conditions using the software MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method for controlling the output voltage.


This article establishes the thesis that the notion of "significant" in the SIEC test of the European Merger Control Regulation lacks a clear legal concept in the current decisional practice. Antitrust economists and authorities have developed a set of theories of harm and have constantly refined them. Yet these theories often do not explain when certain price-effects or other implications of a merger have reached an intensity that is "significant" in the meaning of Article 2 EU Merger Regulation (EUMR).1 This renders the notion of significance a "known unknown" in legal terms. It is argued here that this legal uncertainty as to the relevant definition of "significant" has led to an increase in discretion in the handling of merger cases, a bias toward the detrimental effects of mergers, and a deflation of potential efficiency considerations. The article purports that, as a consequence, mergers are often treated similarly to cartels in concentrating on the elimination of competition and regarding efficiencies as a rare exemption for which the parties carry the burden of proof. Against this background, it shall be attempted to construe a unitary concept of significance that integrates efficiency analysis and includes a differentiated allocation of the burdens of proof for procompetitive and anticompetitive effects of mergers.


Decrease in acidity was very effective in reducing swirl defects. The occurrence of swirl defects in copper films plated with reduced acid electrolyte was reduced to less than one fifth of that plated with higher acid electrolyte, resulting in the huge decrease in the median defect count to less than one tenth. This reduction can be explained by more uniform plating on seed layers due to the higher resistance of the electrolyte. However, application of pretreatments did not further reduce swirl defects. Inspection on other postplating defects indicated that the major constituents for reduced and higher acid electrolytes were localized protrusions and embedded defects, respectively, and that fewer potential yield-killing defects were generated for reduced acid electrolyte. Analyses on film properties showed the highly Cu(111) texture, fine surface roughness, identical impurity levels, and complete fill of dual-damascene structure for both reduced and higher acid electrolytes. However, a significant degradation of via chain yield was observed for higher acid electrolyte, while no degradation was seen for reduced acid electrolyte. The overall analyses indicated that the use of reduced acid electrolyte led to improved defectivity performance and more reliable film properties compared to that of higher acid electrolyte.


The Great Sand Hills Land Use Strategy Review Report and Recommendations (The Great Sand Hills Land Use Strategy Review Committee, 2004: 33) recommended natural gas developments minimize 'footprint' by " encouraging the use of special drilling techniques such as multi-pad and /or directional drilling as appropriate to avoid unnecessary environmental damage". Currently, the Great Sand Hills Regional Environmental Study (GSH RES), as part of the selection of a preferred scenario with recommendations, is reviewing natural gas development with the perspective of potentially reducing surface disturbance. Gas studies for the Review Area (Figure 1) were initially undertaken for the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) by Penner, L.J. et al. (2006), who completed a historical review of gas development, production and reserves within and around the Great Sand Hills (GSH) Review Area. Approximately 70 percent of the Review Area is currently leased for gas development. Vertical wells predominate and a typical design comprises a single vertical well on a pad and each land section requiring 8 wells with 8 surface leases or well pads.


While contribution of physics to model fracture of materials is significant, the "reversed" process of healing is hardly investigated. Inspired by fracture healing that occurs as a self-repair process in nature, e.g. in bone, we computationally study the conditions under which a material can repair itself. In our model the material around a fracture is assumed mechano-responsive: it processes the information of i) local stiffness and ii) local strain and responds by local stiffening. Depending on how information i) and ii) is processed, healing evolves via fundamentally different paths.


If In reality, electroencephalography signal data transfer through the Wireless Network is a frequently used device related to stability and performance problems. This study, the lossless EEG compression circuit architecture of an efficient VLSI device is suggested to increase both the capability of EEG signal transmission and reliability over WBAN. A new lossless data compression technique consisting of even a proposed neural prediction, a casting a vote solution and a quadra probability compression codec has been applied to the proposed architecture. The mid equilibrium encoder consists of a static coding table of multiple Binary and Areas such as training encoders using the comparator and multiplexer's fundamental components. Help boost the efficiency of the proposed system; a pipelining method was applied. Produce the suggested specification, a 0.18 m CMOS technology containing 8215 gates under 100 MHz clock speed under an operating environment. To test the usefulness of the suggested compression rate technique, for 25 channels, this results in a mean value of 2.35. This work accomplished a 9.6 %increase in compression rate and a 24.1 % decrease in processing costs relative to new competition equipment lossless EEG compressed designs, although keeping a constant interface simplicity.


We investigated the effect of the polymer-drug interaction on the surface morphology of polymer microspheres and in vitro release properties. Polylactide microspheres enclosing the antitumor agent Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method of the O/O emulsion system in order to control the concentration of drugs in living organisms. The mean diameter of the polylactide microspheres was kept at approximately 50 μm while varying the content of CPT. The enclosing efficiencies in all runs were around 80%, independent of the CPT content. The surface morphology of polylactide microspheres was significantly affected by the content of the enclosing CPT. Furthermore, the degree of unevenness of the surface was increased with an increase in the CPT content in polylactide microspheres. DSC studies have suggested that the glass transition temperature of polylactide microspheres enclosing CPT shifted to lower temperatures with an increasing CPT content. It was assumed from DSC measurements that the morphological change of polylactide microspheres was induced by a polymer-drug interaction. In vitro release experiments suggested that the release rate in the early period increased with an increasing CPT content. From this study, it was pointed out that the drug, miscible with the matrix polymer, induced a change in surface morphology, providing a significant effect on release properties.


This paper compares the factors acting at the beginning of man's long jump from the literature about the outstanding athletes worldwide,and points out that the momentary vertical velocity is another important factor affecting the jump.By a theoretical study of the vertical velocity, the paper reveals the differences between Chinese and foreign athletes in the vertical velocity and the jump angle,and offers some practical suggestions.


In this contribution we review progress on the problem of forecasting chaotic dynamical systems. The nature of chaos was initially illusive, having escaped discovery by several great minds who were in a position to find it. Once the essential features of chaos were uncovered, the concept greatly influenced the thinking of physicists and forecasters, in particular, it brought into focus the limitation of forecasting nonlinear dynamical systems. This resulted in a dichotomy between prediction methods for (nearly) linear systems and nonlinear systems; the important features and distinctions of these two approaches are reviewed. An important issue that arises is the role of model error in forecasting; many methods either ignore or over-simplify the nature of model error, largely because this allows adaption of existing techniques. Finally it is argued that the Isis Programme (Imperfect-model Shadowing and Indistinguishable States) provides a theoretical and practical basis for dealing with all sources of uncertainty, including observational noise and model error.


This philosophical-algebraic presentation aimed at a simple and concise exposition of notions and demonstrations, especially in class algebra. The demonstrations were constructed so that they configure the epistemological objectives on a logical linguistic level, of interest for this analysis: conceptual clarifications and the loading of logical symbols with mathematical signification. My hypothesis is that the propositions of logic have no mathematical content, but become propositions of mathematics, just as, by a different level analogy, propositions of mathematics become propositions of physics. Thus, within the scope of this analysis, a meaningless logical proposition becomes a "mathematical proposition", a proposition with "mathematical signification" by the loading of logical symbols with mathematical significations. As a result, mathematics is regarded here as more than the Wittgensteinian meaning of mathematics as a method of logic.


Background: Defective ERK1 activity may regulate the DNA hypomethylation in T cells of lupus mice. Aims: To investigate the function of ERK1 in regulating DNA hypomethylation and explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved in lupus mice. Methods: CD4+T cells were isolated from MRL/lpr and BALB/c mice, activated in vitro in the presence or absence of 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor)/U0126 (a selective inhibitor of the ERK signaling pathway) respectively. The positive rate of CD4+T cell was measured by flow cytometry, and expression levels of CD70, ERK1, DNA transferase 1 (DNMT1) were estimated by RT-PCR and Western blot. The methylated DNA is detected using the Capture and Detection antibodies, then quantified colorimetrically. Results: The expression level of p-ERK1 in MRL/lpr mice was significantly lower than healthy control (P<0.05); Meanwhile, down regulation of DNMT1 and DNA hypomethylation were found in MRL/lpr mice T cells. In contrary, the expression levels of CD70 increased when compared with healthy control (P<0.05). The same changes were seen in healthy CD4+T cells treated with U0126. Conclusions: DNA hypomethylation regulating mechanisms in lupus T cells were associated with ERK1 signal pathway. U0126 could inhibit ERK1 signal transduction pathway in normal T cells, and induce DNA hypomethylation by regulating the expression of methylation sensitive gene CD70.


This paper presents a novel approach in continuous emotion prediction that characterizes dimensional emotion labels jointly with continuous and discretized representations. Continuous emotion labels can capture subtle emotion variations, but their inherent noise often has negative effects on model training. Recent approaches found a performance gain when converting the continuous labels into a discrete set (e.g., using k-means clustering), despite a label quantization error. To find the optimal trade-off between the continuous and discretized emotion representations, we investigate two joint modeling approaches: ensemble and end-to-end. The ensemble model combines the predictions from two models that are trained separately, one with discretized prediction and the other with continuous prediction. On the other hand, the end-to-end model is trained to simultaneously optimize both discretized and continuous prediction tasks in addition to the final combination between them. Our experimental results using the state-of-the-art deep BLSTM network on the RECOLA dataset demonstrate that (i) the joint representation outperforms both individual representation baselines and the state-of-the-art speech based results on RECOLA, validating the assumption that combining continuous and discretized emotion representations yields better performance in emotion prediction; and (ii) the joint representation can help to accelerate convergence, particularly for valence prediction. Our work provides insights into joint discrete and continuous emotion representation and its efficacy for describing dynamically changing affective behavior in valence and activation prediction.


In the modern working environment, the emotional intelligence and job satisfaction are the two concepts which are becoming highly interesting for many persons in any organization. These two aspects serve as a competitive edge in the personal and organizational life. However, there are only a few research studies that have explored the most important factors which have drastically affected these two concepts. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the emotional intelligence and job satisfaction factors. Researcher also tried to analyze and assess the reasons about how the designation, experience and marital status of an employee would affect his or her emotional intelligence and job satisfaction while doing a job in an organization. In the present research study, the data was collected based on a survey from 500 respondents of selected IT firms operating in Hyderabad, India using self administered questionnaires. The findings were made after the Data analysis with the help of standard statistical tools such as Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t- test and other statistics and inferences. Based on the statistical analysis of data, the present study revealed that there was a very high and significant positive relationship between the two factors of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. The study also showed that the designation of the employee does not affect his job satisfaction and emotional intelligence factors. However, the experience of an employee and his / her marital status carry significant effects on the two factors of emotional intelligence and job


T he purpose of the conducted study was to verify the existence and pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus ) in meat and poultry products by evaluating the effect of gamma radiation on contaminated chicken fillets meat. A total of 100 samples of meat and poultry products represented by minced meat; sausage, rice kofta, chicken fillet and nuggets (20 of each) were collected randomly from different markets in Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and subjected to sensory and bacteriological examination. The results rthat 20% represented the total prevalence rate of B. cereus in all examined samples, which were tested for the presence of four virulence genes: hbl, cytK, nhe and ces. All isolates exhibited traits related to virulence. The most predominated gene was cytK and ces (57.1%) for each, followed by nhe and hbl genes (42.8% and 28.5%), respectively. Experimental protocol for several treatments showed that Gamma radiation has no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of the examined chicken fillet sample, on the other side gamma irradiation at a dose of 1 kGy and 3 kGy reduce initial count from 5.83 log CFU g−1, to 3.31 log CFU g−1 and 2.04 log CFU g−1 at 1 kGy and 3 kGy respectively, while, for complete suppressing of B. cereus, the Gamma


The present invention relates to a communication station, which discloses a method for implementing interference coordination and a base station, the base station performs the steps of: obtaining interference coordination object; receive interference coordination information from the target base station; parsing the interference coordination information based on the interference coordination object; using the analytical interference coordination information to perform interference coordination. Achieve interference coordination method and base station of the present invention can sufficiently improve the spectrum resource utilization and the cell edge user performance.


Inbred lines are important germpalsms in cauliflower breeding programs. Knowledge on genetic variation and diversity of cauliflower inbred lines may be important to decide on breeding strategies for parent's selection during hybridization. In this study, the phenotypic diversity of 165 cauliflower inbred lines was evaluated based on ten quantitative traits and twenty qualitative traits. The experiment was conducted in field (sandy clay loam having pH of 6.8) at the Experimental Farm of Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province of China. Plants were arranged as randomized complete block with two replicates. Data were recorded during July 2015 to January 2016. Extensive variability was observed for most quantitative traits and qualitative traits with coefficients of variation (CV=13.7-42.6%) and Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H'=0.50-1.57) among the assayed genotypes, respectively. In which, the curd weight and stem color in curd showed highest degree of genetic variation and diversity. Phenotypic traits were categorized by principal components analysis (PCA) into 10 components which explained 71.64% of the total variation. Days to curd appearing, plant breadth, plant height, length of leaf, width of leaf, lengthways diameter of curd, curd weight, solidity of curd, stem color in curd were main optimized phenotypic traits for evaluation during breeding programs. These inbred lines were grouped into six different clusters. Based on cluster-mean, desirable recombination may be obtained by crossing inbred lines belong to different clusters. There were no association between morphological traits and geographical origin indicated that both genetic variation and geographical locations of the genotypes should be considered comprehensively in breeding programs for parent's selection. These findings of genotypic variation and diversity in phenotypic traits expressed usefulness of these inbred lines as parent materials for further utilization in cauliflower breeding programs. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers


Peat soil humin, obtained after the removal of fulvic and humic acid fractions according to the recommended procedure of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS), has the ability to remove AuCl−4 ions from aqueous solution. The removal was greatest at medium acidity, which was equivalent to pH 2.0, and it was governed by two different processes, i.e. attachment onto un-ionized –COOH groups through hydrogen bonding and reduction to Au metal by the action of the –OH group. Purification of humin through repeated immersion and shaking in a mixed solution consisting of 0.1 M HCl and 0.05 M HF led to the abrupt increase in the –COOH contents from 386 mmol/kg to 2510 mmol/kg, while the content of total –OH functional groups remained relatively constant at values slightly higher than 3000 mmol/kg. The increase in –COOH content improved the removal of AuCl−4 ions from 23 mg/g to 27 mg/g, but it was unfortunately accompanied by a diminished reduction ability to Au metal. Hence, the role of the –COOH functional group in removing AuCl−4 ions through hydrogen bonding was more significant for the purified humin, while that of the –OH group in removing AuCl−4 ions through reduction to Au metal was better for the crude (unpurified) humin.


This report presents results from a web-based explorative survey on integrated risk assessment. The survey was conducted in the EU-funded project NoMiracle (Novel Methods for Risk Assessment of Cumulative Stressors in Europe) which develops methods for assessing cumulative risks from combined exposures to multiple stressors. The objectives of the survey were to give a general picture of perceptions and views among experts and stakeholders concerning risks, risk assessment and risk management. The survey focused on chemicals with an emphasis on information related to complex risks and uncertainties in a management context. The methodology of the survey combined traditional multiple choice questions and a novel approach that charted the importance of different types of information in two-dimensional graphs describing simultaneously use in regulatory procedures and public discussion. Another part was linked to new methods of presenting risks and explored the ranking of separate and cumulative risks in map grids. The survey was e-mailed to 952 recipients representing researchers, national and EU level administrators, enterprises, NGOs and international organizations, and most EU member states and some other countries. The response rate (26 %) can be considered acceptable but limits the possibilities to make quantitative claims concerning the views held by different groups although it gives an overview of the types of views one encounter among experts. A key finding was the pronounced variability of concepts and views regarding risks and uncertainties, and regarding information and knowledge about these. Opinions on risks and risk assessment, particularly on integrated risk assessment, on related principles, and on the role of experts are genuinely variable. They cannot be reduced to any simple model, and cannot (and need not) be dispelled in a forced manner. The observations should be taken into account in the development and application of novel methods for risk assessment by ensuring the transparency of the methods and by communication between actors.


In this paper Monte Carlo method was used to calculate double integral.The realization steps, algorithm and the realization of a concrete example were were given.The example shows that the improved Monte-Carlo method has a better computing algorithm and a better accuracy.


We present a new scalar processor for high-speed vector processing and its evaluation. The proposed processor can hide long main memory access latency by introducing slide-windowed floating-point registers with data preloading feature and pipelined memory. Owing to the slide-window structure, the proposed processor can utilize more floating-point registers in keeping upward compatibility with existing scalar architecture. We have evaluated its performance on Livermore Fortran Kernels. The evaluation results show that the proposed processor drastically reduces the penalty of main memory access compared with an ordinary scalar processor. For example, the proposed processor with 96 registers hides memory access latency of 70 CPU cycles when the throughput of main memory is 8 byte/cycle. From these results, it is concluded that the proposed architecture is very suitable for high-speed vector processing.<<ETX>>


In gathering information for my doctoral dissertation on contemporary string quartet composition in Hungary, I conducted interviews with twenty composers in Budapest. In the course of these interviews, several composers maintained mat their composition has been influenced substantially by the music of Gyorgy Ligeti, in particular by Ligeti's "micropolyphonic" style.1 It became clear, therefore, that in order to account fully for the style of contemporary Hungarian string quartet composition, it was necessary for me to study the music of Ligeti, particularly his second String Quartet, a work well known to Hungarian composers.2 In interviewing Ligeti I hoped to record his perceptions about this work. I hoped also to have him discuss the diverse influences to which he has been exposed in me West, influences which have affected composers living in Hungary to a much lesser extent until recently, After many exchanges of correspondence with Mr. Ligeti's secretary, Dr. Louise Duchesneau, I succeeded in securing a date to meet Mr. Ligeti at his apartment in Hamburg on 9 June 1988. I arrived on the previous day and managed to contact Dr. Duchesneau by telephone. She invited me at once to attend a ceremony at the University of Hamburg on that very day. There Ligeti was to be awarded an honorary doctorate, in celebration of his many years of teaching composition at the music faculty of that university. Armed with my tape recorder, I arrived at Ligeti1 s apartment the next afternoon, and spent an intensive hour-and-a-half with the composer. We began our conversation in English, but we soon changed to Hungarian, whereby Ligeti's communication became immediately enlivened. Many of the observations made by Ligeti have appeared, differently expressed, hi previous interviews.3 However, his discussion with me of many details of his second String Quartet (1968) is without precedent, and his accounts of the recent recording of his opera, Le grand macabre (1974-77), and of the influence of African music on his more recent writing were unusually detailed and informative. S.S. Satory: Mr. Ligeti, I should like to ask you mainly about your second String Quartet; but I have some questions about your current compositional activity as well. Your First String Quartet of 1954 is a motivically unified work, with harmonic and rhythmic elements which rely on Bartok as model. However, your Second String Quartet (1968) is not a motivic-thematic composition. It is clear, nevertheless, that there are underlying sub-motivic elements, the harmonic series and the chromatic scale for example, which provide unity within the movements, but also among the movements. Is it correct to go so far as to say that these constitute the underlying principle of this work, as Paul Griffiths wrote in his book on your music?4 Ligeti: I think so. My answer is yes. S. Then, are the chromatic scale and the harmonic series among the "secret correspondences" or rhymes among movements to which you yourself have referred?5 L. Well, chromaticism is present in the whole piece. But there is not a great number of chords which are related to the harmonic series; that is, they are present to a lesser extent. There are a great many things in that piece. Concerning chromaticism, there is an even distribution of the twelve notes, but without twelve-note rows. In addition, rhymes exist among the movements: an example is the flageolet melody at the end of the first movement and its return in varied form at the end of the second movement. In fact, such rhyming is evident only between the first two movements. But every movement is the variation of a single thought. It is very difficult to articulate this verbally: for, while composing this piece, I was thinking musically. S. Of course. In the same connection, is Gianmario Borio, in his article, "L'credita bartokiana nel 'seconde Quartetto' di Ligeti..." correct in ascribing to your second String Quartet the same principle of continual variation which can be applied to many of Bartok's mature works, and indeed, to the works of Schoenberg and his Viennese colleagues? …


T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare mature post-thymic T-cell malignancy with infiltration to the blood, bone marrow, lymph node, liver, spleen and skin; this disease has a poor prognosis and an aggressive clinical course. We report here on a case of CD56+ T-PLL that was diagnosed by hematological examination, immuno-phenotyping and molecular studies including determining the TCL1 expression by using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and direct sequencing of the RT-PCR product.


Databases contain vast amounts of highly related data accessed by programs of considerable size and complexity. Therefore, database programming has a particular need for high level constructs that abstract from details of data access, data manipulation, and data control.
 The paper investigates the suitability of several well-known abstraction mechanisms for database programming (e.g., control abstraction and functional abstraction). In addition, it presents some new abstraction mechanisms (access abstraction and transactional abstraction) particularly designed to manage typical database problems like integrity and concurrency control.


We outline a framework for collaborative signal processing in distributed sensor networks. The ideas are presented in the context of tracking multiple moving objects in a sensor field. The key steps involved in the tracking procedure include event detection, target classification, and estimation/prediction of target location. Algorithms for various tasks are discussed and some recent results on experiments with real data are reported. Directions for ongoing and future research are discussed.


A novel compact CPW-fed slotted patch antenna for quad-band operation is proposed. The antenna is printed on a 25 × 20 mm FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm and relative permittivity of 4.6 which has three L-shaped slots and a rectangular slot as additional resonators to achieve multi-band operation. As the four resonant frequencies of antenna are related to certain parts of the patch, one resonant frequency can be flexibly tuned with little effect on the other. The simulated bandwidths for the distinct quadruple-band are 2.07–2.77 GHz, 3.3–3.8 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.7–5.89 GHz, which the proposed antenna is well suited for WIMAX and WLAN applications. Good broadside radiation patterns for the four bands are observed. Details of the proposed antenna design results are presented and discussed.


Lifestyle modification is often prescribed as first line-therapy for hypertension in childhood. We aimed to determine if there was an association between sleep duration and hypertension in children referred for evaluation to Nephrology for elevated blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that, longer sleep duration would be associated with a reduced likelihood of a hypertension diagnosis.

 Medical record data were retrospectively extracted from patients referred to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's pediatric nephrology clinic for the evaluation of elevated BP, without a prior hypertension diagnosis. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) data collected between December 2015 to December 2018 were extracted. Hypertension was defined by ABPM according to American Heart Association recommendations for pediatric ABPM and we evaluated BP indexed to sex and height. Sleep duration was calculated as the difference between self-reported time of sleep onset and offset. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, and weeknight status.

 Our sample included 249 patients, with a mean age of 14.5 (SD: 3.1) years. Of these, 29% were obese and 42% met criteria for hypertension. Mean sleep duration was 9.3 (SD: 1.6) hours per night and duration was shorter with increasing age in years (β=-0.11, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.05) and on week vs. weekend nights (β=-0.62, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.24). Each additional hour of sleep was associated with lower daytime systolic BP Index Z-score (β=-0.12, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.05), lower daytime diastolic BP Index Z-score (β=-0.11, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.03) and 19% reduced odds of daytime hypertension (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.98). Each additional hour of earlier timing of sleep onset was associated with lower daytime systolic BP Index Z-score (β=-0.10, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.01), lower daytime diastolic BP Index Z-score (β=-0.16, 95% CI -0.25, -0.06) and 16% reduced odds of daytime hypertension (OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.05).

 In children referred for the evaluation of elevated BP, longer sleep duration and earlier sleep onset were associated with a reduced likelihood of being diagnosed with hypertension. Targeting improvements in sleep should be further investigated as part of first line therapy to treat pediatric hypertension.

 NIH/NHLBI K01HL123612


Accurate and precise measurements of spectroradiometric temperature are crucial for many high pressure experiments that use diamond anvil cells or shock waves. In experiments with sub-millisecond timescales, specialized detectors such as streak cameras or photomultiplier tubes are required to measure temperature. High accuracy and precision are difficult to attain, especially at temperatures below 3000 K. Here we present a new spectroradiometry system based on multianode photomultiplier tube technology and passive readout circuitry that yields a 0.24 $\mu$s rise-time for each channel. Temperature is measured using five color spectroradiometry. During high pressure pulsed Joule heating experiments in a diamond anvil cell, we document measurement precision to be $\pm 30$ K at temperatures as low as 2000 K during single-shot heating experiments with $0.6$ $\mu$s time-resolution. Ambient pressure melting tests using pulsed Joule heating indicate that the accuracy is $\pm 80$ K in the temperature range 1800-2700 K.


To characterize, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport in human fetuses with subtypes of congenital heart disease (CHD) that present with neonatal cyanosis.


AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among school children and the consequences that this problem may have in relation to gender. This study was designed as a cross-sectional 22-question questionnaire-based on LBP completed by a 10- to 18-year-old Turkish sample. The subjects were 624 school children (335 boys and 289 girls) who were attending primary, secondary or high schools in Denizli, Turkey (mean age = 13.91 years, SD = 2.34). Each subject completed the questionnaire under supervision by an investigator during school time. Data were analysed comparing the two genders. Two hundred and ninety-two school children (46.7%) had LBP. Boys were 153 (52.4%) and girls 139 (47.6%). Both boys and girls with LBP reported that LBP did not interfere negatively with their school performance (67.5%) and with daily activities (87.5%). The risk factors should be investigated at early stages of the life. Therefore, a national LBP prevention program should be performed at c...


Summary The early Cenomanian Barons Sandstone, located within the Fish Scales Formation, is a proven oil and gas reserve in southwest Alberta. Despite production from several isolated sandstone and conglomerate bodies within the Barons Sandstone, a lack of published studies limits the understanding of geology of this reservoir. Net pay values are difficult to assign in this region due to high content of pyrite & bentonite beds affecting petrophysical data. To maximize production efficiency, a greater understanding of pool characteristics is necessary. This study focuses on the Southwest Alberta Penny Pool and surrounding area - spanning Townships 7 to 9 and Ranges 21 to 24 west of 4 th meridian. Poor water flood results and new production opportunities in a potential halo-type tight oil play to the southwest of the Penny Pool would benefit from a more detailed reservoir characterization. This resource play will be better understood through the identification and analysis of facies and their distribution within the Penny Pool, and with further research on the depositional environment of the Barons Sandstone.


Purpose: This work proposes the hypothesis that data oversampling may lead to dataset simplification according to selected data difficulty metrics and that such simplification positively affects the quality of selected classifier learning methods. Methods: A set of computer experiments was performed for 47 benchmark datasets to make the hypothesis plausible. The experiments considered five oversampling methods, five classifiers, and 22 metrics for data difficulty assessment. The experiments aim to establish: (a) whether there is a relationship between resampling and change in the difficulty of the training data and (b) whether there is a relationship between changes in the values of training set difficulty metrics and classification quality. Results: Based on the obtained results, the research hypothesis was confirmed. It was indicated which measures correlate with selected classifiers. The experiments showed the relationship between the change of assessed difficulty measures after oversampling and the classification quality of selected models. Conclusion: The obtained results allow using the selected measures to predict whether a given oversampling method leads to favorable modifications of the learning set for a given type of classifier. Showed relationship between difficulty measures and classification will allow using the mentioned measures as a learning criterion. For example, guided oversampling can treat the modification of the learning set as an optimization task. During the oversampling process, no estimation of classification quality metrics will be required, but only an evaluation of the training set difficulty. This may contribute to the proposition of computationally efficient methods.


at the time, is a credit to his open mind and interest in social change and cultural hybridity, which captured revealing details such as new European buildings, modern thatching methods and the rapid evolution of the clothing industry, from traditional and ritual attire to the missionary-influenced dress code. Prompted by the memorial ceremony held in 2004 at the London School of Economics (LSE) in honour of Schapera, the publication of this book offers us a work of art as well as a warm, simple and unconventional introduction to the old Tswana life.


Education of children of the Denotified Communities (here after DNTs) is a very important concern of our government. Although schools were provided in their colonies, attendance was made compulsory for the children of school-going age, the expenses on education were met by the governments, children were fed, yet desirable results have not been achieved in the standard of education. The educational problems concerning these DNT children should be tackled by the apex educational organisations as a part of their extension programmes. It is with this background that it has been decided to study the educational pattern available to these DNT children with a view to improving the achievement levels of DNT children in the present settlement schools. The aims and objectives of the paper are to focus and examine to what extent education has reached among the DNT communities in ex-settlement schools in Andhra Pradesh and to suggest ways and means to improve the quality of education imparted to the children of the Denotified Tribe/Communities in Andhra Pradesh.