In this paper, a 3-D visco-elastic finite element model is used to describe the long-term average movement of China's continent. The boundary conditions of the model are taken in reference to the average plate velocity obtained from geological information, as well as the subduction of the Philippines and Pacific Plates into the continent and the collision between the Indian Plate and China's continent. The results of GPS may reflect the contemporary movement of China's continent. The difference between the contemporary movement and the long-term average crustal movement can then be recognized by the comparison of the modeling result and the GPS result. The two kinds of results show much consistency and little difference. It indicates in one point that each short-term movement of the continent might be a small dynamic adjustment process near the long-term average state, and can be attributed to the continuous adjustment of the continental crust to reach an equilibrium state in response to the movements of the surrounding plates. The modeled stress field shows that the stress is higher in the western and southern parts and lower in the eastern and northern parts, consistent with the stress field obtained by the other studies. The subduction of the Pacific and Philippine plates has led to a complex effect on the eastern part of the continent. In Northeast and North China, the E-W-directed stress is dominated by compression due to the compression of the ocean plate and the obstacle of the block to the north. However, the S-N-directed stress becomes gradually to be extensional, as the S-N-directed displacement becomes greater from north to south. Because of the difference of motion rate between North China and South China, North China is subjected to extensional stress. This is consistent with the results of Shen et al. (2000) and DING Guo-yu (1986). In South China, the S-E-directed compressive stress is predominant, but alternating compressive and extensional stresses are predominant in the vicinity of the eastern boundary of the continent. Three cross sections are cut along the X-direction of the model to observe the stress and displacement on X-Z plane. In contrast to the compression of the Indian plate, the subduction of the ocean plates gives rise to the complicated distributions of stress and displacement on the profiles. Although the whole continent, and especially the western part of the continent, is dominated by compressive stress, alternating high, low and high stress regions may occur from west to east in the eastern part of the continent, and extensional stress may to different extent occur in the region from Huanghai sea to Taiwan. Because of the differences of the rheological properties of the media in various layers of the model, stress will gradually concentrate in the high viscocity layers of the model as time goes on. Due to the subduction of the ocean plates, small-scale high stress region with high stress gradient may occur at depth of the lithosphere beneath the eastern boundary of the continent. In addition, some convection circles may occur in the lithosphere beneath the eastern boundary of the continent, but the features of stresses in various quadrants are different due to the complexity of the crust and upper mantle. Further study is needed to test this conclusion. The modeling results in this paper indicate that the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Plates into the continental lithosphere has very important effect on the orientation and features of the stress field in eastern China's continent. LI Zu-ning et al. (2002) proposed that the ignorance of the effects of the subduction of Pacific and Philippine plates is the main reason that causes the incompatibility of their modeling result to the results of GPS and seismic observations in China's continent. Obviously, a better understanding of the dynamic background of China's continent can be gained only by taking the effects of the Pacific and Philippine Plates into consideration.


A subject of adult nursing involves every human's organ function. Therefore, a teaching-learning approach which encourages nursing students effectively learn and apply in the real situations is needed. E-learning courseware and mind map meet these goals because they promote two way communications, collaboration between instructors and students, and students' self-learning. One group pretest-posttest designed, pre-experimental approach was launched in this research. Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the efficiency of E-learning courseware and mind map on nursing students' attitude, happiness, and knowledge in study of adult nursing subject. In academic year 2013, during October, 2012 to March, 2013, 113 third year nursing students, Faculty of Nursing, Srinakharinwirot University being population of this research were recruited. Methods Data were collected using four sets of questionnaires consisting of personal data questionnaire, the attitude on teaching and learning questionnaire, happiness on teaching and learning questionnaire, and the knowledge related to adult nursing questionnaire. All data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage and standard deviation. Moreover, paired t-test was utilized to analyze the comparison of the pretest-posttest results. Results The study revealed that mean scores of nursing students' attitude, happiness, and knowledge of the posttest were significantly higher than those of the pretest (p<.001). Conclusion E-learning courseware and mind map should be performed to promote nursing students' attitude, happiness, and knowledge. Therefore, these results suggest that instructors should be trained about e-learning courseware and mind map in order to improve their teaching and learning skills.


fraternity culture, this conclusion seems doubtful. In all, the behavior, events, and stories that comprise Jolly Fellows, which are well known to historians, overtake the narrative, leaving little room for understanding how jolly fellowship relates to the broader field of nineteenthcentury masculinity studies. Although Stott acknowledges that definitions of manhood "varied in different settings" (3), we find very little variation in this book. What of the male milieus that were not so rowdy? What about young men who gathered in literary societies, lyceums, historical societies, and reform-oriented organizations such as the Sons of Temperance? Men who associated in these (all-male) milieus viewed themselves as manly; indeed, many of them were agents in reshaping jolly fellows into more restrained and civilized men. Greater attention to race would also have illuminated some of the variations in, and tensions around, nineteenth-century manhood implicit in this work. Although Stott notes that male misbehavior across race, class, and ethnicity were variations on the same essentially masculine theme, his evidence is unconvincing. For instance, on the grounds that enslaved men drank with one another and pulled pranks on their masters, Stott claims that enslaved and free blacks shared in a culture of jolly fellowship, albeit in distinct and separate spaces. However, we have no evidence that enslaved and free blacks referred to themselves as jolly fellows or even aspired to jolly fellowship. Addressing these and other shortcomings, including men's sexuality and relationships with women (even if absent in male milieus), would have made Jolly Fellows a more important contribution to the literature on nineteenth-century manhood.


Based on the analysis of the experimental data the article reveals that if in the area under study a travel length is more than 7 km (about 20 minutes of movement), it becomes possible to obtain stable relationships between the specific parameters of traffic in the network. A further increase in the duration of observations does not cause a change in the trip parameters and the value of the correlation ratio for the model. The corresponding results are achieved with a constant cruising of five "floating" cars in the area under study. Moreover, it is proved that reliable results of estimating the traffic parameters on the network are obtained both for fixed traffic routes of "floating" cars and for randomly choosing routes.


In recent years, friending recommendation has played a crucial role on the explosive growth of online social networks. Prior studies on this problem have the following two limitations: i) they assume that there is only one pair of source and target at one time; and ii) the intermediate user can indefinitely forward friending requests. These two assumptions are impractical for online social networks. To bridge this gap, we study how to maximize the acceptance probability for multi-pair active friending in online social networks. In this paper, we first establish a probability model for the Multi-pair Active Friending with Tolerance and then propose two efficient algorithms: Multi-pair Active Friending algorithm for Conflict Resolution (MAFCR) and Group-based Multi-pair Active Friending algorithm for Conflict Resolution (MAFCR-G). Through extensive experiments, we show that the algorithm MAFCR significantly outperforms the baseline algorithm in terms of average acceptance probability, and the algorithm MAFCR-G greatly reduces the running time while obtaining similar average acceptance probability.


Currently, extremism as a very aggressive form of behavior is not an ideologically homogeneous political trend. In this sense we can speak of a heterogeneous content of this phenomenon, including the so-called "social products" of the modern andpostmodern society, on the one hand, and sociocultural traditionalist elements - on the other.


Both the ability to bond, that is, to be physically close and emotionally open to another human being, and the capacity to experience and express a wide range of emotions are essential for the development and maintenance of intimate relationships. The present paper is a pilot study that describes and assesses the use of bonding and emotional expressiveness in a psychoeducational program for couples developed to teach skills in preventing marital breakdown. Nine volunteers from a group of 3 1 participants in the PAIRS (Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills) training look part in a pre- and post-assessment of an intensive weekend which made use of bonding and emotionally expressive methods. Results indicate an increase in compatibility between partners and a reduction in feelings of hostility. Furthermore, most participants found that the workshop enhanced empathy for others, conflict resolution, emotional openness, and the ability to listen.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify occurrence of needle stick and sharp injuries(NSI) among students, level of faculty stress, and necessity of informed consent when students practice injection skills in fundamentals of nursing practice (FNP). Methods: Data were collected using self-...


According to the needs of practical applicationS,the authors give consideration to both"sorting"and "separation", simplifying flotation flowsheet into a pure flotation and a separation-flotation. The optimum ways are discussed to divide the flotation operation zones.


The adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is applied to the electrode regulator system of arc furnace, and the detailed design procedure of the fuzzy sliding mode control system is presented. The adaptive fuzzy control is utilized to approach the equivalent control of sliding mode control, and then the adaptive law is derived. The discontinuous control, which guarantees the stability of control system, is developed; another fuzzy controller is employed to smooth the discontinuous control. The results of simulation show that this proposed arithmetic of control can restrain the disturbance of arc length effectively, and has a stronger robustness, accordingly obtains better dynamic characteristics


In this paper, an image processing software package developed on the microcomputer system is given. This package is a FORTRAN callable subroutine library. In order to provide the software system with these particular features of flexible structure, easy to use and maintain, and with good expandability and transplantability, the design principle of the modularization and window technique has been used.


Abstract: Introduction : After cerebrovascular disorders and dementias, epileptic seizures constitute the third most frequent neurologic disorder in the elderly. Due to the lack of reported clinical aspects of seizure and epilepsy in the older patients in our region in Iran, this study was conducted to describe etiology, the clinical manifestation, seizure types and subtypes. Material and methods : A retrospective study was performed on elderly patients with final seizure diagnosis, referred to the Sina hospital in the city of Hamadan, Iran over a 10-year period. All medical records and previous medical histories were reviewed. A total of 270 patients were included. Patients were divided into three age groups containing 65-74 years of age, 75-84 years of age, and 85 years of age and above. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 18. In this study, a total of 270 patients with late-onset seizure were studied. Results: Cerebrovascular accident was found to be the most common cause of late-onset seizure in elderly (41.9%).In 108 patients(40%) etiology was unknown,. Most seizure type was generalized seizure (76.7%). The most frequent clinical symptom of the seizure was generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Occurrence of seizures without any known risk factor fades by each passing decade. Conclusion : The most common cause of late-onset seizure in elderly was Cerebrovascular accident, most seizure types were generalized seizure and the most frequent clinical symptom of the seizure was generalized tonic–clonic seizures. We also recommend better control of risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in our country.


The objective of this study is to develop e-module teaching material based on flipbook with the topic of "Familie".This study is quantitative and qualitative research with an instrument of questionnaire. Based on the validation results, the e-module was rated 89% by media expert and 92% by the material expert. Assessment from the expert teams was included in very valid category. In addition, assessment of students to flipbook e-module obtained average score of 89% with very good criteria. Based on the results of research then it can be concluded that e-module based on flipbook is feasible to be used as an independent teaching material by students of 11th SMAN 1 Gondanglegi. E-module based on flipbook is very interesting and easy to used to help students in the learning process.


Non-secretory myeloma is a rare variety of multiple myeloma. Classical techniques of chronic secretion's research don't find any immunoglobulin monoclonal peak in the patient's blood. Lytic bone lesions are rare in this type of myeloma. We report the case of a patient in whom we confirmed multiple myeloma by bone marrow aspiration and we have classified stage III of Durie and Salmon in view of hypercalcemia, anemia, and lytic lesions observed. However, we could not isolate a secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin in blood but urinary secretion was evident by proteinuria and urinary light chains. The radiographs of our patient found diffuse osteolysis and practice of sternal puncture confirmed multiple myeloma. Our case is original because of rarity on non secretory myeloma particularly with diffuse osteolytic lesion.


Tourism is a leisure activity in which tourists can control their time freely and at the same time a activity closely connected with social progress,economic development and people's life. China's female tourism is developing quickly with the changes of China's society,economy and culture as well as the rising of female status,which have laid a solid foundation for China's tourism. The changes of family structure and the improvement of living quality have made conveniences for female tourism,which plays an important role in promoting the equality of men and women,the emancipation of women,making a harmonious society and pushing ahead human civilization.


The background of this research is most students think that the income of an entrepreneur is erratic and low. This causes a lack of student entrepreneurship interest. The research objectives were to describe: 1) student expectations of entrepreneurial income, 2) student entrepreneurial interest, 3) analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial income expectations and entrepreneurial interest in students of the Family Welfare Education Study Program. This type of research is quantitative with a correlational approach. The research population was 142 students of the Family Welfare Education Study Program class of 2018. The sample is 60 people taken by Proportionate Random Sampling. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and correlational analysis. The results showed that: 1) the level of students' expectations of entrepreneurial income was in the medium category with a range of 55–70 (55%), 2) the level of student entrepreneurship interest was in the low category with a range of 40-55 (40%), 3) there was a positive and significant relationship between students' expectations of entrepreneurial income and entrepreneurship interest with a correlation value of rxy 0.677 means that it has a strong level of relationship and tcount (7.005) > ttable (2.0017). This means that the higher students' expectations of entrepreneurial income, the higher the entrepreneurship interest for students of the Family Welfare Education Study Program, Padang State University.


Abstract : Local vibrational modes (LVMs) of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) complexes in proton implanted AlGaN grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The LVMs exhibit five distinctive peaks in the spectral region of 2846 ^ 2963/cm, which are due to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes of C-H(sub n) (n=1-3). The LVMs intensities in doped AlGaN are increased as irradiation dose is increased in the entire irradiation dose range used without reaching the saturation stage. On the other hand, undoped samples show that LVMs intensity increase then either decreased or saturated as the irradiation dose is increased above 5 x 10(exp 16)/sq cm. Proton irradiation causes a drastic increase in the CH3 LVM while electron irradiation causes the opposite effect suggesting strongly that the observed LVMs are truly due to CH complexes.


Aiming to provide better, more personalized care, by harnessing the power of digitalization, the National Health Service (NHS) has employed a strategy of sharing its patients' information with the private sector, raising questions as to whether it can be trusted as a custodian of its patients' data. The development of the Streams application by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Google Health UK, illustrates the dichotomy between, on the one hand, the need to use innovative technologies to provide effective direct care and, on the other hand, the obligation to protect patients' rights and interests in their health data. This article focuses on an under-explored aspect of the Streams debate: the NHS's processing of health data in direct care. It argues that the data protection framework is best viewed as an architecture of custody, where all participants in the framework have a custodial role to play and should collaborate to ensure the balance between the free flow of data and the data subjects' rights and interests.


This master thesis presents a new type of Positron Emission TOF Apparatus using Liquid xenOn (PETALO). The detector is based in the Liquid Xenon Scintillating Cell (LXSC). The cell is a box filled with liquid xenon (LXe) whose transverse dimensions are chosen to optimize packing and with a thickness optimized to contain a large fraction of the incoming photons. The entry and exit faces of the box (relative to the incoming gammas direction) are instrumented with large silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), coated with a wavelength shifter, tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB). The non-instrumented faces are covered by reflecting Teflon coated with TPB. In this thesis we show that the LXSC can display an energy resolution of 5% FWHM, much better than that of conventional solid scintillators such as LSO/LYSO. The LXSC can measure the interaction point of the incoming photon with a resolution in the three coordinates of 1 mm. The very fast scintillation time of LXe (2 ns) and the availability of suitable sensors and electronics permits a coincidence resolution time (CRT) in the range of 100-200 ps, again much better than any current PET-TOF system. The LXSC constitutes the core of a high-sensitivity, nuclear magnetic resonance compatible, PET device, with enhanced Time Of Flight (TOF) sensitivity.


We consider the estimation of local grey level image structure in terms of a lay ered representation This type of representation has recently been successfully used to segment various objects from clutter using either optical ow or stereo disparity infor mation We argue that the same type of representation is useful for grey level data in that it allows for the estimation of properties for each of several di erent components without prior segmentation Our emphasis in this paper is on the process used to extract such a layered representation from a given image In particular we consider a variant of the EM algorithm for the estimation of the layered model and consider a novel technique for choosing the number of layers to use We brie y consider the use of a simple version of this approach for image segmentation and suggest two potential applications to the ARK project Category Image representation


Using the non-equilibrium Green function method, we study the Andreev reflection in a Y-shaped graphene-superconductor device by tight-binding model. Considering both the zigzag and armchair terminals, we confirm that the zigzag terminals are the better choice for detecting the Andreev reflection without no external field. Due to scattering from the boundaries of the finite-size centre region, the difference between Andreev retroreflection and specular reflection is hard to be distinguished. Although adjusting the size of the device makes the difference visible, to distinguish them quantitatively is still impossible through the transport conductance. The problem is circumvented when applying a perpendicular magnetic field on the centre region, which makes the incident electrons and the reflected holes propagate along the edge or the interface. In this case, the retroreflected and specular reflected holes from the different bands have opposite effective masses, therefore the moving direction of one is opposite to the other. Which external terminal the reflected holes flow into depends entirely on the kind of the Andreev reflection. Therefore, the specular Andreev reflection can be clearly distinguished from the retroreflected one in the presence of strong magnetic field, even for the device with finite size.


【Objective】 To investigate the mechanism that T4 DNA liagse lower the electroporation efficiency and look for the way to improve it.【Methods】 1 μg pDAN5 was added in the ligation system.Then after several different treatments respectively,electroporations were performed.【Results】 The electroporation efficiencies of the liagtion mixture treated with heat inactivation,phenol-chloroform or precipitation after heat activation were the highest(4.6×108~5.3×108),the lower was treated by precipitation only(4.8×107) and the lowest was not treated at all.【Conclusion】 It is the activation of the T4 DNA ligase that lowered the electroporation efficiency and any method that could inactive it could improve the efficiency.


The popularity of new product development has been increasing in knowledgeintensive organizations as a means to manage aggressive competition. Given the criticality of product development to the performance of many organizations, it is important to unveil the mechanisms that support problem solving. In line with the relevant literature, this study examined the relationships among team climate, team problem solving, team learning, and software quality. As well, this study explored the mediating effect of team problem solving on the relationship between team climate and team learning, and the mediating effect of team learning on the relationship between team problem solving and software quality. By using 139 questionnaires from different projects, structural equation modeling was employed as a statistical analysis tool to investigate the given hypotheses. The findings showed that (i) team climate was positively related to team problem solving, ii) team problem solving positively influenced team learning, iii) team learning was positively associated with software quality. In addition, the results indicated that the relationships between team climate and team learning was partially mediated by team problem solving, while the relationship between team problem solving and software quality was partially mediated by team learning. The implications for both theory and practice are discussed.


Achievement of the highest possible level of functioning is the ultimate goal of any pharmacotherapy. For psychiatric patients with major depression the goal should be remission. To attain it, however, this can be an extremely long-lasting trial and error process. For patients with Alzheimer's dementia, moderate improvement for a limited time may be expected at best. Because of multiple limitations of established drugs and pharmacotherapies, there is an urgent need in psychiatry to accelerate clinical improvement and attain better treatment outcomes. Novel drugs are actually lacking. We have to evaluate how to make the best with the available drugs. Treatment should be evidence based, which means that first-line drugs should always be those that have shown to be effective in randomised clinical trials. This approach, however, ignores individual needs of individual patients. As a consequence, many real-life psychiatric patients are treated with poorly validated therapies based on clinical practice, as it is the case for many drug combinations. New hope for improved therapies has emerged from the concept of personalised medicine. In association with the human genome project, it was suggested that genetic biomarkers may predict a drug's efficacy or likelihood of toxicity (1). Best practice guidelines for personalised psychopharmacotherapy, however, are so far not available. In a peer article entitled 'Focusing on drug versus disease mechanisms and on clinical subgrouping to advance personalised medicine in psychiatry' (2), José de Leon highlights in this issue actual limitations and needs for personalised medicine in psychiatry. Though we have still limited knowledge on mechanisms underlying therapeutic actions of available psychoactive drugs, José de Leon claims that available methods like genotyping for drug selection and therapeutic drug monitoring for dose selection (3), patient-related genetic and environmental variables, and drug-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties should be considered. Rationale amalgamation of available knowledge can have a high impact on the psychopharmacotherapy with available drugs. Assessment of patients' diagnoses and psychopathology, however, is a major drawback. José de Leon tries to convince readers of his article that we have to move away from widely accepted classifications and concepts of psychiatric disorders and renew our imprinted thinking. Psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression should not be regarded as diseases in the medical sense but as syndromes consisting of multiple symptoms. The widely unknown or forgotten classification of Leonhard (4) is regarded as more appropriate to describe the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, especially in the light of personalised medicine for psychiatry. Leonhard proposed for schizophrenia that it is a syndrome including several illnesses. Some of the symptoms have a genetic background others not. A genetic variant that might be associated with Leonhard's concept of schizophrenia is periodic catatonia (5). In a case control study, however, the phenotype of periodic catatonia was not associated with genetic variants (6) that had been previously identified (5). For personalised treatment in psychiatry, it is proposed by José de Leon that Leonhard's concepts should be followed consequently to subdivide patients with schizophrenia and major depression for future studies on psychotropic drugs. Progress is urgently required to improve psychopharmacotherapy. To make progress, it is necessary from time to time to check the accuracy of established concepts, as they can be obstacles to progress. José de Leon checked concepts of actual psychopharmacotherapy for us and came to the conclusion that we should renew well-accepted views of psychopathology to enable personalised psychopharmacotherapy. I highly recommend reading of this perspective article. Let you be guided by the reflections of José de Leon (2).


We explore the signatures of various compensated, subhorizon-sized, quasi-linear voids in the matter-dominated Universe. We show that the temperature distortion functions (the energy that photons have relative to photons moving outside the void) for cold dark matter voids with positive energy are qualitatively the same and quantitatively similar regardless of the velocity profile. Photons are blueshifted on entering and leaving the void by (cos τ)δRH/(3c), and are redshifted linearly with distance inside the void by a total amount of −2(cos τ) δRH/(3c), where cH−1 is Hubble's radius, R is the radius of the void and R sin τ is roughly the distance of closest approach. These effects are large since they are first-order in RH/c. We also show that a positive-energy, quasi-linear, cold dark matter void will grow asymptotically (independently of its initial velocity profile) after 10 times the initial time, with relative expansion coefficient inside the void of ξ ≃ 2 δ/9, where δ is the underdensity of the void. If a quasi-linear, pressureless, positive-energy void is growing asymptotically when cosmic microwave background photons cross it, then it appears as a cold spot surrounded by a hot ring with temperature anisotropy ΔT/T ≃ (2/5)δ2.2(RH/c)3 cos τ[1 − (5/3) cos2 τ]. However, if this same void is not asymptotically evolving when the photons cross it, then even though the temperature distortion functions are changed little, this void can appear as either a cold or a hot spot on the microwave background just by changing the initial velocity profile from unperturbed to perturbed. Thus positive energy, pressureless voids that have equivalent underdensities and sizes can have very similar temperature distortion functions (which ultimately determine the signature of a void on the last scattering surface), but can have very different signatures in front of the last scattering surface unless they are asymptotically evolving. This is due to cancellations to third-order in RH/c. In addition, reduction of the energy of a void to zero completely reverses the temperature distortion functions; photons experience redshifts entering and leaving a zero-energy void, and a blueshift linear with distance crossing the inner void region. However, a zero-energy void can appear as a cold spot but with a signature that is 20 times larger than that for an asymptotically evolving cold dark matter void. We also find that voids with small amounts of pressure have very complicated temperature distortion functions because of the wall explosion and resultant inward and outward-travelling shocks. However, their signatures can be comparable to those of cold dark matter voids.


In this article, the author discusses the Greater Toronto Airports Authority's (GTAA) construction of an automated people mover (APM) at Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada's busiest airport, which served 29.9 million passengers in 2005. This project is part of the GTAA's larger Terminal Development Project which is designed to completely renovate two of the airport's three terminals. The article describes the design and construction of three APM stations and the dual elevated guideways which follow an alignment that is adjacent to the roadways leading to the arrivals and departures level serving Terminals 1 and 3. Two independent cable systems operate the APM system in dual shuttle mode. The trains consist of six vehicles, each of which can accommodate 25 passengers. The $136 million project began operation in July 2006. Potential future expansion plans would allow for increasing the system to a total length of 1800m, the addition of a fourth station, and a connection to the Air Rail Link enabling airport access from Toronto's downtown Union Station.


Human heart sound signals are vulnerable to interference for strong noise, weak signals, and heavy randomness.Designed detection device of heart sound signals based on HKY06C sensor, the device can collect specimens of heart sound, and display PCG diagram in real time.Experiments shows that the device can meet the needs of sampling demands of PCG, and can distinguish clearly the composition from the PCG.


The paper studies the deformation-induced behavior of zirconia ceramic specimens with different porous structure under uniaxial static compression. In specimens with large pores the latter refer to an active intermediate structural level of deformation. Its involvement into the resistance to plastic deformation defines a considerable strain increase (by 3 times) at fracture at the comparable ultimate strength in both specimen types. We propose to determine the stage character of deformation processes at the mesolevel due to the construction and further analysis of the dependence of external stress on strain shear intensity logarithm. The obtained data make it possible to offer a scheme of structural deformation levels for studied materials, which is based on the analysis of the stage character of the σ-γ dependence.


Reaction of 4-(3-bromobenzylidene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one with phenylboronic acid by using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst in presence of K2CO3 and DMF gives the formation of 4-(3-phenylbenzylidene) -3- methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one. Detailed spectroscopic data (IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS, CHN) are


BACKGROUND
Limited data are available to predict the length of time required for a patient to achieve sputum culture conversion after starting therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis.

METHODS
Rates of sputum smear and culture conversion were determined at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 16 after initiating therapy in patients admitted to our Respiratory Isolation Unit from January 1997 to December 2003.

RESULTS
For the 184 patients included in the analysis, the mean time from the initiation of appropriate therapy to sputum culture and smear conversion were 34 +/- 26 and 38 +/- 32 days (mean +/- SD) respectively. Only 53% of patients obtained negative sputum cultures within the first 4 weeks of therapy. Multivariate analysis showed that the persistence of positive cultures during the first 4 weeks of therapy was associated with high bacillary counts in sputum smears at diagnosis [OR: 2.86; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.20-6.66], lung cavitations (OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 1.63-9.09) and a prolonged period of symptoms (OR: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.43-3.57). The only factor associated with the persistence of positive cultures after more than 16 weeks of therapy was infection with a multidrug-resistant strain.

CONCLUSIONS
High initial sputum bacillary counts and drug resistance result in delayed culture conversion. This should be taken into account when decisions regarding the potential discontinuation of isolation are made. The early identification of drug resistance is important for effective infection control in hospitals.


In this paper, the images, the Odometer and True north information from Android Based Smart Phone [ABSP] as well as Android based Mobile Robot [ABMR] are transmitted to the Personal Computer [PC] through the BLUETOOTH used as a main controller of Visual Navigation System [VNS]. We proposes a vision based VNS which localizes and map building of the navigation environment by using the artificial landmarks comprised of A-Z alphabet and special characters and sends the control command to the ABMR.


Objective:To evaluate influences of different blood purification treatments on expressions of ATP-binding cassette receptor A1(ABCA1) in patients with maintenance dialysis.Methods:Between August 2010 and March 2012,30 uremia patients treated by hemodialysis(HD),30 uremia patients treated by hemodiafiltration(HDF) and 20 healthy volunteers(control group) were investigated.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated to transfer to macrophages.Macrophages were identified by Oil red O dyeing.Macrophages were collected to detect ABCA1 and nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)expression by using real-time PCR and Western blot.Results:Expression of ABCA1 was significantly decreased in HD and HDF groups compared with that in control group(P0.01).Expression of ABCA1 was increased in HDF group compared with that in HD group(P0.05).Furthermore,expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein in HD and HDF groups was higher than that in control group(P0.01,P0.05).Expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein in HDF group was significantly lower than that in HD group(P0.01).Conclusions:HDF may increase cholesterol efflux in human monocyte-macrophage derived foam cells,the mechanism of which may associate with inactivation of NF-κBp65 pathway and increase of the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein.


Comparative dependency network learning is a growing field of research, especially in systems biology. Domain scientists would like to discover patterns of variable dependency that are conserved across conditions or discover pathways that are disrupted due to disease. In machine learning, multitask graphical structure learning algorithms have been developed to help solve this problem by learning network models from multiple related datasets. These algorithms typically have regularization hyper-parameters that have the effect of reducing the number of spurious edges learned and the number of spurious differences learned. We propose a mechanism to allow the end-user to control these regularization hyper-parameters in real-time to interactively explore the huge space of potential dependency network solutions. This is a critical element of a visualization system that enables domain scientists to discover interesting patterns in multivariate data. Yet, this is a computationally challenging endeavor as complex models must be learned in real-time and, additionally the number of differences learned in each network and the number of differences between them must be translated by the machine learning algorithm into the correct change in the setting of the hyper-parameters. This paper introduces a general framework for interactively exploring the similarities and differences among a set of dependency networks and demonstrates our work-in-progress on a specific implementation for multiple Bayesian networks.


PurposeThe mega railway infrastructure projects are faced with complex environments and multi-level management challenges. Thus, the mega railway infrastructure project management system not only needs to focus on its composition, but also needs to consider changes and impacts of internal and external environment.Design/methodology/approachThis study attempts to introduce the concept of dissipative structure from the perspective of complexity theory and constructs a positive entropy and negentropy flow index system for mega railway infrastructure project management system in order to analyze the factors of management system more deeply. The Brusselator model is used to construct the structure of the mega railway infrastructure project management system, and the entropy method is used to calculate the positive entropy and negentropy values to verify whether the management system is a dissipative structure.FindingsA plateau railway project in China was used as an example for an empirical study, not only its own characteristics are analyzed, but also the role of constraints and facilitation of the internal and external environment. Based on the research results, several effective suggestions are put forward to improve the stability and work efficiency of mega railway infrastructure project management system.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that mega railway infrastructure project management system has the characteristics of dissipative structure. It can provide theoretical support for the development of mega railway infrastructure project management system from disorderly state to orderly state.


BACKGROUND
 Digital communication technologies are playing an important role in the health communication strategies of governments and public health authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The internet and social media have become important sources of health-related information on COVID-19 and on protective behaviors. In addition, the COVID-19 infodemic is spreading faster than the coronavirus itself, which interferes with governmental health-related communication efforts. This jeopardizes national public health containment strategies. Therefore, digital health literacy is a key competence to navigate web-based COVID-19–related information and service environments.

 OBJECTIVE
 This study aimed to investigate university students' digital health literacy and web-based information-seeking behaviors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

 METHODS
 A cross-sectional study among 14,916 university students aged ≥18 years from 130 universities across all 16 federal states of Germany was conducted using a web-based survey. Along with sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, subjective social status), the measures included five subscales from the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which was adapted to the specific context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Web-based information-seeking behavior was investigated by examining the web-based sources used by university students and the topics that the students searched for in connection with COVID-19. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses.

 RESULTS
 Across digital health literacy dimensions, the greatest difficulties could be found for assessing the reliability of health-related information (5964/14,103, 42.3%) and the ability to determine whether the information was written with a commercial interest (5489/14,097, 38.9%). Moreover, the respondents indicated that they most frequently have problems finding the information they are looking for (4282/14,098, 30.4%). When stratified according to sociodemographic characteristics, significant differences were found, with female university students reporting a lower DHLI for the dimensions of "information searching" and "evaluating reliability." Search engines, news portals, and websites of public bodies were most often used by the respondents as sources to search for information on COVID-19 and related issues. Female students were found to use social media and health portals more frequently, while male students used Wikipedia and other web-based encyclopedias as well as YouTube more often. The use of social media was associated with a low ability to critically evaluate information, while the opposite was observed for the use of public websites.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Although digital health literacy is well developed in university students, a significant proportion of students still face difficulties with certain abilities to evaluate information. There is a need to strengthen the digital health literacy capacities of university students using tailored interventions. Improving the quality of health-related information on the internet is also key.


The Code of the Canon Law (can. 748 1) recalls a fundamental imperative : «All people have a duty to search for the truth in matters concerning God and His Church and, once they found it, they are bound by God's law and enjoy the right to embrace and observe it». But in order that Christ's Mystery may be «revealed [...] to all people so that they may be brought to the obedience of faith» (Rom. 16,26), it must be announced, celebrated, and lived in all cultures in a way that these should not be abolished but recovered and brought to completion thanks to it. In its missionary action the Catholic Church not only does not intend rejecting what is true and holy in the non-Christian religions, but it considers with sincere respect those ways of acting and living, those precepts and doctrines which, although differing in many respects from what is believes and proposes, not seldom reflect a ray of the truth that illumines all people


This research investigates the use of self-regulated presentation to minimize the students' speaking anxiety. This research was to find out whether teaching speaking by self-regulated presentation can increase students speaking anxiety. This research used a case study with (qualitative method). For taking a data, the researcher used an interview, questionnaire and observation. The participants of this research are the second year of Senior High School at SMA Nusantara Unggul Pekayon Tangerang Banten. This research takes 28 students. The research finding of the result showed that most of the students' are at "Anxious" level. There are 13 students (46,4%) who experience "Anxious" level, 8 students (28,6 %) are in "very anxious" level, 7 students (25%) are in "Mildly Anxious". This research also found that are four factors of students anxiety: Being rediculed and laughed, Students' opinions about the Language Learning, Lack of Preparation and Teachers' Personality. The last result of this research shows the using self-regulated presentation can minimize students' speaking anxiety.


Taking that of solving the problems in the production, and connecting the theory with the practice, this paper introduces in detail two methods for finding out the location of the short dots between the winding strands of the transformer.


Who were the women who, day by day, trod the very stones on which my feet now stood? … How and why had they broken the law, in what way were they enemies of Society …  Child-burdened women who were...


The dissertation examines three empirical questions in the U.S. beer industry. The effect of large container consumption has been well explored in other food categories. However, its effect has been ignored in the U.S. beer industry. Although authorities have been imposing different public policies to lower negative externality of excessive alcohol consumption, statistics still clearly provide evidence related to severity of this problem. Therefore, first manuscript studies the impact of large container beer purchases on alcohol-related accidents. The study finds a statistically significant and positive relationship between large container beer purchases and alcohol-related accidents. Approximately 90% of the alcohol consumption by youth is in the form of binge drinking. Thus, second manuscript examines the impact of an unanticipated determinate of binge drinking behavior, minimum wage laws. The study finds a statistically significant and positive relationship between minimum wage increases and binge drinking among youth population. Third manuscript focuses on industry structure of the beer industry. There are many studies focusing on the impact of product variety on different outcome variables. Nonetheless, there is no study aiming to explore the impact of product depth on demand or supply side. In particular, the study examines the effect of product depth on market demand. Results suggest that an optimal product line depth for beer firms might be to provide more package size options than container size options.


This is a survey of open problems in different parts of combinatorial and additive number theory. The paper is based on lectures at the Centre de Recerca Matematica in Barcelona on January 23 and January 25, 2008.


This Reader, designed to accompany the Open University course Transformations in Media Culture, addresses the way in which new computer-based media have re-configured the debates around media from a wide range of perspectives. Before the advent of increasingly cheap and powerful digital information and communications technologies, academic media studies had developed as a critique of the commercialised mass media. From both the political right and left writers had drawn attention to the actual and potential power of the mass media to shape the social and political attitudes of the public.


This paper described the use of ultraviolet spectrometry(UV) in determination of the total saponins in Hemsleya Zhejiangensis extracted by ultrasonic wave.Choose the best colorable condition through orthogonal experimental designs.Cussonodide B was used as standard compound and vanillin-acetic acid was used as reagent of colorable reaction.The detection wavelength was chosen at 550 nm.Linear range of concentration is between 3.43~17.17 μg/mL and its regression equation shows to be A=0.03350*C(μg/mL)-0.06595,R=0.9995.Average recovery of standard compound is 99.29%,RSD=0.99%.The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate.


It is generally agreed that impetigo in the nursery of the newborn is spread by the attendants' hands. Sauer,1describing the spread of a recent epidemic of respiratory infection in the Evanston Cradle, spoke of impetigo as a contact hand infection. After observing the incidence of impetigo in our own nurseries for the past sixteen years, my associates and I have come to the same conclusion and have decided (1) that there has been a definite correlation between the nursery population and the incidence of the disease, (2) that any nursery procedure which minimizes the handling of the infant also reduces the incidence of impetigo and (3) that the occurrence of the sporadic case is almost unavoidable. During this time we have altered the technic of the nursery many times, starting with open nursery care and ending with the individual crib procedure. We found that in spite of what


Westudytheexistenceofperiodicsolutionsforaclassofquasi-parabolic equations involving the p-Laplacian (or any other nonlinear operators of similar class) perturbed by nonlinear terms and forced by rather irregular periodic in time excitations (including what we call abrupt changes). These equations may model problems for which, aside from the presence of the kind of nonlinear dissipation associated to the p-Laplacian, other nonlinear and not necessarily dissipative mechanisms occur. We look for boundedness conditions on these periodic excitations and nonlinear perturbations sucient to guarantee the existence of periodic responses (solutions) of the same period.


In the paper Di Francesco and Guitter (2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51 355201), the authors study the arctic curve arising in random tilings of some planar domains with an arbitrary distribution of defects on one edge. Using the tangent method they derive a parametric equation for portions of arctic curve in terms of an arbitrary piecewise differentiable function that describes the defect distribution. When this distribution presents 'freezing' intervals, other portions of arctic curve appear and typically have a cusp. These freezing boundaries can be of two types, respectively with maximal or minimal density of defects. Our purpose here is to extend the tangent method derivation of Di Francesco and Guitter (2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51 355201) to include these portions, hence answering the open question stated in Di Francesco and Guitter (2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51 355201).


In this paper,the operator is evaluated with energy norm for the non-symmetric and indefinite elliptic problem without regularity assumption,then the convergence of multigrid algorithm is proved based on the Richardson iteration and two base assumptions.


There is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, which can stabilize the resistance of the porous insulating film, and provides a leakage current caused between adjacent interconnects, so that the signal propagates through the interconnect can provide improved reliability. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: forming a porous film on a semiconductor substrate; a resist film having a predetermined pattern is formed on the porous film; by the resist film as a mask by etching said porous film, forming a concave portion, a bottom portion of the recess of the exposed surface of the semiconductor substrate; forming a non-porous membrane, so as to cover the entire inner wall surface of the porous membrane and the recess; by anisotropic etching process selectively removed nonporous membrane and the nonporous film of the porous film formed on the bottom of the concave portion; barrier metal film is formed so as to cover the inner wall of the porous membrane and the concave portion, the concave portion having imperforate side wall on its film; and forming a metal film on the barrier metal film to fill the concave portion, and then partially removed portion of the barrier metal film and the metal film outside of the concave portion, whereby only the recess partially leave the barrier metal film and a metal film, wherein selectively removing the non-porous membrane by using greater than or equal to 45 and less than or equal to an etching gas mixing ratio in the range of 100 anisotropically etched Arts, the mixing ratio represented by the following formula: ((-containing gas "nitrogen") + (an inert gas)) / (containing gaseous "fluoro" compound).


Inhibiting transforming growth factor–β may improve the toxicity of DNA-damaging agents to tumors. Gloss The classification of transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) as a tumor suppressor is largely attributed to its profound control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Cancer cells rarely have deletions in genes encoding TGFβ family members, yet manage to maintain canonical TGFβ signaling while escaping growth control. In this review, which contains 1 figure and 79 references, we highlight an additional contribution of TGFβ in maintaining genome stability. Although the consequences of the loss of TGFβ on genomic stability were first recognized almost 20 years ago, recent studies have revealed that TGFβ is essential for the faithful execution of the DNA damage response. TGFβ signaling promotes recognition and repair of spontaneous DNA damage to suppress genomic instability and malignant transformation in normal cells, yet its increased production by cancer cells is also protective to the tumor by enforcing an effective response to DNA damage induced by therapy. Appreciation of this aspect of TGFβ provides a new perspective on the development of cancer and an exciting means to improve response to therapy. Transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) is a well-known master regulator of cellular proliferation and is a critical factor in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. TGFβ is classically defined as a tumor suppressor that functions in the early stages of carcinogenesis, yet paradoxically it functions as a tumor promoter in established cancers. Less well studied is its role in maintaining genomic stability through its participation in the DNA damage response (DDR). Deletion of Tgfb1 in murine epithelium increases genomic instability (GIN) as measured by gene amplification, aneuploidy, and centrosome aberrations; likewise, GIN is increased by depleting the TGFβ ligand or inhibiting TGFβ pathway signaling in human epithelial cells. Subsequent studies demonstrated that TGFβ depletion compromises cell survival in response to radiation and impairs activation of the DDR because of severely reduced activity of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a serine/threonine protein kinase that is rapidly activated by DNA double-strand breaks. The SMAD transcription factors are intermediaries in the crosstalk between the TGFβ and ATM pathways in the DDR. Recent studies have shown that SMAD2 and SMAD7 participate in the DDR in a manner dependent on ATM or TGFβ receptor type I, respectively, in human fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Understanding the role of TGFβ in the DDR and suppressing GIN is important to understanding its seemingly paradoxical roles in tumorigenesis and thus has therapeutic implications for improving the response to DNA damage–inducing therapy.


A converter system comprising series-connected converter submodules based on medium-frequency (MF)-DC/DC converters can replace the conventional traction transformer. This reduces mass and losses. The use of multilevel topology permits the connection to the HV catenary. A suitably chosen DC link voltage avoids excessively oversizing the power semiconductors, while providing sufficient redundancy. The medium-frequency switching performance of typical and dedicated 6.5kV IGBTs has been characterized and is discussed here (→ZCS, ZVS).


Objective To identify the authenticity of Bupleurum chinense on the market with infrared spectra fingerprint method.Method The infrared standard map was used,and the similarity of infrared standard spectra we measured was compared with that of Bupleurum chinense and its counterfeit purchased from 10 cities in China.Results The infrared standard spectra of Bupleurum chinense and the sample was found to have a high similarity,but the counterfeit is a low similarity.Conclusion It is feasible that infrared spectra can be used for the quality control of Bupleurum chinense.


In August 2006, after a trip to the New Jersey Shore, Peggy was having great difficulty catching her breath. In consultation with her children, Peggy decided that she was ready for hospice care. But, she did not want to relinquish her independence just because shortness of breath and a weakening heart overtook her daily stride. However, a single episode at home had thrown Peggy into crisis. Since Peggy lived alone, hospice care at home presented a host of challenges including safety and how to manage her unstable cardiopulmonary condition. Peggy was an ideal candidate for the hospice's TeleCare (see box) monitoring program which provided a passive monitoring system, a medication dispenser, and vital signs monitoring for blood pressure, weight, and blood oxygen levels. In addition, the hospice authorized routine draws of BNP (beta naturetic peptide) and BMP (basic metabolic profile) with GFR (glomerular filtration rate) to manage her symptoms aggressively. Medications were adjusted accordingly to maximize quality of life and minimize symptoms. Though some would consider this treatment aggressive, it was the aggressive treatment of Peggy's symptoms that allowed for an extended quality of life. There was sufficient evidence to support this action based on the concept of risk and reward, especially as there was a minimum of invasive therapies required. In Peggy's case she went from being homebound and short of breath to living her life up to her final days.


It is shown that the magnitude of the first swelling and the ability for decompaction in cycles of wetting and drying depend on the original physical state : they grow upon an increase in the original density and become smaller upon an increase in the original wetness of the soils. An experimental method for determining the threshold of critical compaction of soils with different wetness and a calculation method for predicting the decompaction of soils which have properties similar to those of the investigated soils are proposed.


To examine the controls of new nitrogen supply in oligotrophic waters, nitrogen fixation and nutrients were monitored during a quasi‐Lagrangian study in surface waters of the north Tasman Sea during March–April 2006. The study was initiated coincident with a tropical cyclone, with high rainfall and winds that eroded surface layer density structure and increased surface phosphate and silicate concentrations by 50%. However, there was no corresponding increase in nitrate, as the enhanced vertical mixing perturbed the phosphacline but not the deeper nitracline. Dissolved iron was highest in the upper 20 m, and declined to a minimum at 100–150 m, indicating wet deposition as the source, as also inferred from the salinity decrease. Nitrogen fixation increased significantly by an order of magnitude over the following 9 d. In deckboard perturbation experiments immediately after the cyclone, phosphate and iron addition did not elicit a response in nitrogen fixation, whereas 8 d later, when in situ dissolved iron had declined, the addition of iron stimulated nitrogen fixation by 1.5‐fold. Conversely, the addition of dust from Australia and the Gobi desert immediately after the cyclone increased nitrogen fixation by 2‐ and 4.5‐fold, respectively. The observed 10‐fold increase in nitrogen fixation in situ exceeded that reported in other nutrient perturbation experiments despite comparatively low in situ dissolved iron, indicating that iron bioavailability may be a critical factor. Although stimulation by a cyclone was unexpected, it promoted favorable conditions for diazotrophy by enhancing phosphate availability in the absence of nitrate, and increased dissolved iron supply and availability via wet deposition. This suggests that future increases in tropical cyclones, combined with other climate‐driven trends, may increase nitrogen fixation in the north Tasman Sea.


The main aim of this thesis is to find a family of discrete dynamical systems conjugate to Sharkovskiı̆'s one and to prove that this family is a dynamical equivalent. We show that the elements of this family share periodicity and stability. Moreover, in the end we give an example of discrete dynamical system which is not included in this family.


e17605 Background: Studies have shown that ethnicity, insurance status and socioeconomic status all play a role in the stage at presentation of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study is to use the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate disparities in presentation with stage IV colorectal cancer. Methods: This retrospective analysis surveys the NCDB data on demographic and insurance characteristics of 171,330 newly diagnosed stage IV colorectal cancer cases (18% of total cases) from 2000 to 2012. NCDB is a nationwide oncology outcomes database for ~70% of newly diagnosed cases from 1,658 American College of Surgeons accredited hospitals. Chi-square analysis was used to test statistical significance. Results: Uninsured, Medicaid, and patients age 20-49 had the highest likelihood of presenting with stage IV (each > 25% stage IV). Black and Hispanic patients presented with more than average stage IV disease (22%, 19%), as did patients with household income < $53,000. Medicare patients had less meta...


Film-coating of seeds is a widely accepted technology in agriculture for effectively protecting germinating seeds and seedlings against biotic and abiotic stresses and successfully delivering agro-chemicals, biomolecules, and bio-inoculants to the rhizosphere region. The present experiments explored the possibility of using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and dextrin as film-coating agents for impregnating maize seed with four different biofertilizer strains. Azospirillum brasilense (Sp7), Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum (Pb1), Paenibacillus mucilaginosus (KRB9), and Pseudomonas chlororaphis (ZSB15) were prepared as consortium containing an equimolar ratio of each strain. The in vitro growth experiment revealed that HPMC, dextrin, or a combination of both did not affect the growth of all four biofertilizers. When biofertilizer consortium was film-coated on maize seed using HPMC and dextrin as film-coating /binding and protecting agents, no apparent changes were observed in the size, shape, weight, and volume of maize seeds. The shelf-life study on film-coated maize seeds revealed that the microbial inoculants accounted for a one-log reduction (from 104 cells at initial to 103 cells after 3 months) when stored at low temperature. The pre-coated seeds with microbial-inoculants showed significant improvement in seedling growth. Hence, the film-coating of maize seed with microbial inoculants using HPMC and dextrin could be an effective delivery system for ensuring rhizosphere colonization of biofertilizers for sustainable maize cultivation.


An all-optical version of a scanning acoustic microscope is described. The electronic data acquisition system is a major advance on that previously reported, in that it is now capable of high speed acquisition of phase as well as amplitude images at 82 and 164MHz. deter- upper measurement speed of the system. CGH; the concentric (cid:176) arcs on the The average focal length of the the spacing between each is one acoustic wavelength at the fundamental frequency of (cid:46) m m on The SAWs are then detected at the focus of the


A pressure modulator radiometer operated in a nadir viewing mode from the top of a midlatitude summer model of the atmosphere was theoretically studied for monitoring the mean volumetric mixing ratio of carbon monoxide in the troposphere. The mechanical characteristics of the instrument on the Nimbus 7 stratospheric and mesospheric sounder experiment are assumed and CO is assumed to be the only infrared active constituent. A line by line radiative transfer computer program is used to simulate the upwelling radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere. The performance of the instrument is examined as a function of the mean pressure in and the length of the instrument gas correlation cell. Instrument sensitivity is described in terms of signal to noise ratio for a 10 percent change in CO mixing ratio. Sensitivity to mixing ratio changes is also studied. It is concluded that tropospheric monitoring requires a pressure modulator drive having a larger swept volume and producing higher compression ratios at higher mean cell pressures than the Nimbus 7 design.


This report investigates casualty cyclist accidents over two years in metropolitan areas of Melbourne and Sydney, and the nature of crashes and intersection features at 18 sites in Melbourne with higher cyclist crash numbers, in an attempt to: identify the extent of the crash problem for cyclists at intersections determine a level of risk for cyclists at intersections relative to elsewhere on the road network and to that for other road users at intersections identify particular types of intersections that may be more problematic for cyclists. From the crash analysis it was concluded that approximately 56% of cyclist crashes occurred at intersections, similar to the figure for motorcyclists and all road users. It was concluded that crash data would be made more useful if accompanied by details of the type and nature of traffic lanes and bicycle facilities, and the numbers of cyclists using the intersection. The assessment of relative risk was not possible within the limits of the study and it is recommended that better data be collected on cyclist exposure (numbers, kilometres, hours). From the site investigations it was concluded that provision of bicycle facilities may increase cyclist safety. Additional data on usage rates for all road users was identified as being required to allow more meaningful analysis. Further investigations are recommended to: determine the influence of intersection complexity on crash occurrence consider sight lines at roundabouts determine the risks associated with cyclists using pedestrian facilities at intersections. Further specific recommendations are also made, including the value of focussing on determining the effectiveness of crash counter measures.


Global warming has become one of the most serious challenges that all countries in the world are facing together. One important factor which results in this challenge is the emissions of carbon, e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2). As one of the major countries which has the largest carbon emissions, China has been positively seeking effective ways to solve this worldwide problem. Motivated by this, research on carbon emissions has been a main focus in various domains. Among the existing research, however, few has been conducted specifically from a multi-temporal scale perspective. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to explore the carbon emissions from a multi-temporal scale using the Continuous Triangular Model (CTM) by taking China as an example. Specifically, the data of province-level CO2 emissions are adopted for case study, and the explorations are achieved mainly through visualizations. The visualizations are the various CTM diagrams derived based on two indices (i.e., the total CO2 emissions per year and the growth rate of the total CO2 emissions per year, respectively) at two spatial levels (i.e., province-level and region-level, respectively). For each CTM diagram, corresponding information at all temporal scales is included. The case study demonstrates that several meaningful information can be found through visual explorations, which might be useful to related departments for decision making.


The phenomenology of agency and perception is probably underpinned by a common cognitive system based on generative models and predictive coding. I defend the hypothesis that this cognitive system explains core aspects of the sense of having a self in agency and perception. In particular, this cognitive model explains the phenomenological notion of a minimal self as well as a notion of the narrative self. The proposal is related to some influential studies of overall brain function, and to psychopathology. These elusive notions of the self are shown to be the natural upshots of general cognitive mechanisms whose fundamental purpose is to enable agents to represent the world and act in it.


The present research is about the evaluation of the sources of financing and their impact on the micro-enterprise development of the service sector in La Mana town used the types of research: field research to collect information on the scene, descriptive research While the methods used were: the inductive, deductive and analytical method, complemented with the survey technique, having as a questionnaire a multiple choice questionnaire. The results were described by objectives, where the main characteristics of the financing sources of the service sector are the financial institutions, which offer the emerging credit lines with maximum amounts of $ 4,000.0, with a maximum term of 36 months, payments can be monthly, bimonthly, and quarterly depending on the amount of credit granted. The measurement of the micro-enterprise development of the service sector of La Mana through the indicators: micro-enterprise operating time showed that they are between 4 and 7 years old, the training level of the owners is secondary level, for operating expenses, the amount of credits requested remained between $ 5,000 and the profit margin stood at 20%. The analysis of the incidence of financing sources established by the calculation of Chi square showed that the comparison between the growth of human talent a result of 30.05, values that placed on the area of acceptance and degrees of freedom of the table Of distribution of X2, therefore, it was determined that the sources of financing if they affect the micro enterprise development of service in La Mana. The impacts of the research were economic, social and technical.


The invention discloses a decorative sheet for coating. The decorative sheet comprises a decorative surface and a sheet body; the sheet body is located on the decorative surface and provided with coating grooves; and one surface of each coating groove is in a step shape. According to the decorative sheet for coating, a force bearing section is formed through the step-shaped surfaces, so that the strength for bending the decorative surface is relieved through the force bearing section when the decorative surface is bent, and a right angle even an acute angle can be formed when the decorative sheet is bent; original wood veneer coating is changed, and a base material is directly coated with the decorative sheet; and as the decorative surface can be subjected to paint surface processing through a roller painting technology, the paint spray technology can be achieved mechanically in a batch mode, and the processing convenience of furniture is greatly improved.


Since New China's founding especially and opening-up, the aquaculture of China has developed very quickly, and the total output of aquatic product has been ranking the first in the world over a decade. But at the same time, some problems are existent. In this paper, the problems that affected the quality of our fishery product and destroyed the ecological environment seriously are particularized. Healthy culture must be carried out. The present status of healthy culture in China is also analyzed, which in freshwater aquaculture and mari-culture are both developed in some extent. Healthy culture embodies seed, farming density, water quality, feed quality, medicine, etc. Utilization fishery medicine reasonably is a main one. It should be considered medicine, pathogen, nvironment, aquatic animal itself and the heath of the people. Using fishery medicine to prevent and cure fishery disease must be purposeful, designed and effective. Research and developing green fishery medicine is one of the most effective and hopeful ways to utilization fishery medicine reasonably. Fishery vaccine, Chinese herbal medicine, fishery probiotics and fishery biological medicine are all green fishery medicines.


OST of the variegated offspring of maize plants carrying the unstable allele Pvv, conditioning medium variegated pericarp and cob, are them-selves medium variegated. Regularly, however, in the maize strain here dealt with, a few light variegated mutants also appear. A third phenotype, " very light," has now been isolated as a mutation from light variegated. Mediums, lights, and very lights differ in the frequency with which the Pvv allele changes to stable PRR (self-colored, i.e., red pericarp and cob). Medium variegated ears carry a large number of such mutations which, collectively, give a rather strongly, although irregularly pigmented phenotype. The number of mutant stripes is sharply reduced in light variegateds. Very lights, as the name indi-cates, show only a few scattered red stripes. These three classes of variegated ears, together with the stable colorless type, Pww, are illustrated in figure light frequency PRR


In the late twenties sudangrass was planted as an experimental measure at Lyallpur and was formed to be one of the most valuable of summer annual forage grasses. Like other Sorghums, It tolerance drought, and its rapid growth from early showing makes it an ideal forage for hot summer months of man and June. When no other green fodder is available


The Cherenkov Complex system (CC-system) in the E-802 experiment at AGS was successfully operated in the heavy in running a AGS. Brief description of the system is given. Preliminary obtained particle spectra for pions. Kaons, and protons near mid-rapidity region in 14.5 A/center dot/GeV Si + Au collisions are presented. The spectra shape and the relative yields are compared with those in p + 'N' and p + Au collisions. 5 refs., 4 figs.


Several types of glues are applied to fcBGA on the board level in order to enhance the reliability of PCB assembly to meet harsh automotive conditions. This paper describes a series of mechanical and thermal stress tests using a printed circuit board (PCB) for automotive applications. FEA and experimental results show that corner fill may be a better choice in handling both mechanical and thermal stresses. All glues tested have shown improvement on the mechanical stress but not every glue can improve the thermal cycling reliability of solder joints. Results also show that underfill may not have the same performance as compared to corner fill for this application and is hereby not recommended.


Biomarkers are indicators of a pathological or physiological state, and they are essential for facilitating the diagnosis of a subclinical condition, understanding the origin or progression of a disease, stratifying the risk, and assessing the response to a specific therapeutic approach [...].


Background: C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a traditional nonspecific marker of inflammation, with Crohn's disease (CD) being associated with a strong CRP response. Thus far, no clear cutoff values have been determined. The authors' aim was to investigate whether high‐sensitivity (hs)‐CRP is useful for the identification disease phenotype, active disease, and relapse during follow‐up, using a classification based on the hs‐CRP value at diagnosis. Methods: In all, 260 well‐characterized, unrelated, consecutive CD patients (male/female: 120/140; duration: 7.0 ± 6.1 years), with a complete clinical follow‐up, were included. Hs‐CRP, clinical activity according to the Harvey–Bradshaw Index, and clinical data (disease phenotype according to the Montreal Classification, extraintestinal manifestations, smoking habits, medical therapy, and surgical events) were prospectively collected between January 1, 2008 and June 1, 2010. Medical records prior to the prospective follow‐up period were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In all, 32.3% of CD patients had normal hs‐CRP at diagnosis. Elevated hs‐CRP at diagnosis was associated with disease location (P = 0.002), noninflammatory disease behavior (P = 0.058), and a subsequent need for later azathioprine/biological therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.024), respectively. The accuracy of hs‐CRP for identifying patients with active disease during prospective follow‐up was good (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.82, cutoff: 10.7 mg/L). AUC was better in patients with an elevated hs‐CRP at diagnosis (AUC: 0.92, cutoff: 10.3 mg/L). In Kaplan–Meier and Cox‐regression analyses, hs‐CRP was an independent predictor of 3‐ (P = 0.007) or 12‐month (P = 0.001) clinical relapses for patients in remission who had elevated hs‐CRP at diagnosis. In addition, perianal involvement (P = 0.01) was associated with the 12‐month relapse frequency. Conclusions: Our data suggest that hs‐CRP positivity at diagnosis is associated with disease location and behavior, and in patients who are hs‐CRP positive at diagnosis, is an accurate marker of disease activity and a predictor of short‐ and medium‐term clinical flare‐ups during follow‐up. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012)


Title: The independence between implicit learning and general intelligence in children of school age. Abstract: The existing research about Reber's hypothesis of the inde- pendence between Implicit Learning (IL) and Intelligence in children populations, are scarce and confusing. We proposed to analyze the rela- tionship between IL, and General Intelligence in children from 7 to 11 years and to document empirical evidence in this one group of age using tests specifically created to evaluate a sample of children of school age. We studied 50 children of the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. We tested infants in IL, Explicit Learning (EL) and General Intelligence. The ob- tained correlations, allowed us to add empirical evidence to Reber's hy- pothesis of the independence between IL and IQ. The implications of the results will be discussed in relation to the measurement of the Intelligence during the infancy and in relation to the compensating role of Implicit Learning in cases of explicit learning deficit.


Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic disease caused by microdeletion of p11.2 in chromosome 17. SMS patients have characteristic facial features and accompanying congenital malformations involving the brain, cardiovascular system, and urinary tract. Compared with the distinctive facial characteristics, organ malformations are less common. Several cases of SMS with tetralogy of Fallot have been reported in Korea, none of which were accompanied by other organ malformations. We present the first case report in Korea of an SMS patient with malformations of the brain, heart, and urinary tract.


A laboratory experiment was conducted during 1997-99 to find out the effect of different rearing medium on larval weight, adult female weight, emergence (%), sex ratio and fecundity of rice grain moth [Corcyra cephalonica(Stainton)]. Maxium larval and adult female weight, emergence (%) and fecundity were resumed in the sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-based media. Higher the carbohydrate and protein content of the media better was the larval growth, emergence and fecundity. Carbohydrate and protein content were least in rice bran containing media and found unfavourable. Sorghum, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) or maize (Zea mays L.)-based media supplemented with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) enhanced fecundity compared to the yeast-fortified media. High positive correlation was recorded between fecundity vs larval weight (r = 0.86) and fecundity vs emergence (%) (r = 0.80). The biological parameters were positively correlated with carbohydrate and protein content of the rearing media.


Pipeline systems in industrial facilities are connected and installed by welding, and weld position most prone to damage. In this paper, the design and research of the robot implementing y-ray nondestructive detecting and automatic grinding for the inner girth weld seam of the thick wall pipe are carried out. This robot can be adapted to pipes with an inner wall diameter ranging from 270mm to 380mm. In the mechanical structure, the robot is composed of mobile unit, three axes differential drive mechanism, detecting unit and grinding unit. The mobile unit provides tube walking and climbing ability for the robot, three axes differential drive mechanism ensures the self-adaptive nature to elbow, detecting unit can realize the nondestructive inspecting of weld seam, and grinding unit completes the automatic grinding task. After grasping the basic performance of the robot by in-depth theoretical and simulation analysis, a prototype is built and the experimental research of the crawling ability is accomplished. It is proved that the robot has reliable creeping ability in the pipe.


The main physical mechanisms responsible for the generation and transfer of polarized radiation in the solar atmosphere can be classified in a suitable bidimensional diagram with an indicator of the magnetic field strength on its vertical axis and an indicator of the radiation field anisotropy on its horizontal axis. The various polarimetric observations performed on solar spectral lines are interpreted with different theoretical schemes according to their classification in the diagram and to the optical depths involved. These theoretical schemes, and the associated diagnostic tools for inferring the magnetic field vector from observations are reviewed. In particular, the role of magneto-optical effects in determining the direction of the observed linear polarization in active regions is discussed in some detail.


Doubled haploid (DH) technology based on in vivo haploid induction (HI), which is used to obtain true-breeding lines within a single generation, is a technique that significantly increases modern crop-breeding efficiency. Recently, dicot Arabidopsis thaliana lines containing mutations in DMP8/9 were used as haploid inducer lines, but the use of this new HI mechanism is limited in Brassicaceae species, which include many important vegetable, oil, and fodder crops. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the DMP8 and DMP9 homologous genes from 26 sequenced Brassicaceae species. We found that DMP8 only exists in the tribe Arabideae, while multiple copies of the DMP9 gene are presenting in all the investigated Brassicaceae species. The syntenic DMP9 genes were divided into two groups derived from the S genomic block and R genomic block, respectively. We further investigated the duplication, structure variations, and expression of the DMP9 genes in Brassica species that had undergone an extra whole-genome triplication. Our results revealed that DMP9 was lost in the most fractionated (MF2) subgenome, and the retained DMP9s in the least fractionated (LF) subgenome and medium fractionated (MF1) subgenome showed diversified expression patterns, indicating their functional diversification. Our results will be useful for obtaining the target DMP genes for the establishing of HI lines in Brassicaceae crops.


In 1932, John von Neumann argued for the equivalence of the thermodynamic entropy and −Trρlnρ, since known as the von Neumann entropy. Meir Hemmo and Orly R. Shenker recently challenged this argument by pointing out an alleged discrepancy between the two entropies in the single-particle case, concluding that they must be distinct. In this article, their argument is shown to be problematic as it (a) allows for a violation of the second law of thermodynamics and (b) is based on an incorrect calculation of the von Neumann entropy.


A 3D nonlinear FE model for 12.00R20 TBR tire was established by using ABAQUS software.The contact pressure,shear stress and friction work under free-rolling,traction/braking and cornering conditions were analyzed.Friction work was approximately proportional to contact pressure and shear stress under traction/braking,but dissimilar results were found under free-rolling and cornering conditions.


With the continuous development of China's economy and the popularity of Internet of Things and intelligence, the use of power load forecasting in production an life has deepened in proportion. In this paper, multiple influencing factors of electric load are considered, and in terms of model selection, a multivariate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model considering external multi-feature factors is adopted based on the LSTM network model in deep learning in order to avoid phenomena such as long-term dependence on the network and gradient disappearance. By adding a fully connected layer, it is made to analyze all external feature factors in a weighted manner and fuse the whole features through the connected layer before output to achieve the optimal output. To verify the accuracy and improvement advantages of the model, historical electricity load data of a region in 2012 are used for training forecasts. A comparison test is set up to predict the load of the last month in the sample by the improved model and the LSTM model respectively, and the results show that the former has better prediction accuracy with a MAPE value of 4.94%.


In this article we continue our discussion of the precurson to a Family Ecologt by articulating the conceptual commonalities and differences that are found in-the utilization of an ecological framework within the social and -beluvioral sciences. We then examine the implications of human ecologt for an ecological study of the family. Finally, we identify and discuss four citical tenets for a Famity Eco[ogt which is offered as an altemative interdisciplinary approach to the complex srudy of family phenomena.


Frontline hotel employees face a complex organizational environment that constantly makes multiple demands, creating a persistent trade-off between service as a key element of the organization's strategy and other competing or even conflicting goals. This study proposes an integrated and unique way of discerning the relationship between service climate and service performance through the prism of surface and deep acting emotional labor and suggests a new dimension of the service climate—the service priority climate. Specifically, we examined employees' use of emotional labor strategies as a mechanism that explains the relationship between service priority climate and service performance. We also investigated whether workload pressure influences this relationship. Using a multilevel, multisource study, we surveyed a sample of 245 hotel employees working in 39 departments and their direct managers. The results demonstrated that when employees regarded service as a priority compared with other competing goals, they used more deep acting emotional labor strategies, resulting in better service performance. However, this was apparent only when workload pressure was low. Implications for hospitality organizations are discussed.


This paper studied the influence of doping bismuth on the basic of novel cathode material La2- x SrxNi O4 + δ,and got a new cathode material which had better oxygen transfer performance and lower interfacial polarization resistance.


The present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method. A tape supplying member to a substrate processing apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is supplied to the tape is attached to the substrate; Tape collecting member affixed to the substrate is withdrawn from the remaining excess of the tape; A support member for being positioned between said tape supply member and the tape recovery member supporting the substrate; And a temperature control member for controlling the temperature of the tape to be fed to the support member in the tape feed member.


R ecent food safety and security headlines are creating fresh opportunities in markets for lubricants with incidental food contact (also known as food-grade lubricants). The use of food-grade lubricants minimizes the threat to food safety by eliminating the risk of mistakenly using conventional lubricants where food-grade lubricant is required. Increased use of higher performing food-grade lubricants ensures efficient and reliable operation of food-processing equipment, minimizing downtime, and increasing productivity. The growth of food-grade lubricants will also be supported by increased application in other industries, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, and animal feedstuffs. Food recalls can destroy a brand. Recent headlines include recalled chicken products due to potential pesticide contamination and recalled ground beef due to possible contamination with hydraulic fluid. Other incidents involving variously contaminated spinach, dog food, and peanut butter justify concerns of chemical or biological food contamination. Concerns have increased for food security and the risks of bioterrorism; this should increase the frequency of plant inspections and audits, and the desire to control and minimize risks. Proper integration of food-grade lubricants into a plant's process can help reduce the risk of contaminations and recalls. NSF is an independent , not-for-profit organization committed to providing public health protection.) Krol shared insights from a 2004 FoodNet Surveillance Report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): " Annually in the US, 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations and over 5,000 deaths are caused by food-borne pathogens. " Clearly, food safety is not to be taken lightly. Krol also reported that the U.S. uses a risk-based approach to food safety. Based on strong, flexible, science-based federal and state laws, a federal regulatory organizational network coordinates with complementary food safety missions. They include the De


Deep neural networks (DNN) have recently achieved extraordinary results in domains like computer vision and speech recognition. An essential element for this success has been the introduction of hi...


The Flow and Temperature Field of a 1000 MW Unit Nuclear reactor operation process was numerically studied with standard k-ε model. The conditions of reactor normal, circuit and inlet failure were studied. The different reactor flow characteristics between normal operating and two kinds of failure cases were compared. The numerical simulation and experiment result as follows: In normal operation condition, coolant of three circuits is distributed in symmetry along circumference of the reactor inlet ring. The coolant flow surrounding and center is relatively large before the reactor core inlet. At upper grating plate region, the coolant flow is symmetry distributed along the grating plate. In case that a circuit fails suddenly and the coolant totally loses, the distribution of water flow for operation circuits is unevenly increased rapidly. In case three circular passages at inlet of the reactor is unevenly blocked by sundries, when a circuit fails suddenly and coolant is totally lost, asymmetry of water flow distribution for three circuits will increase further, which may accelerate the degree and probability of damage to reactor core.


Casal, J. J., Sanchez, R. A. and Deregibus, V. A. 1987. Tillering responses of Lolium multiflorum plants to changes of red/far-red ratio typical of sparse canopies.—J. exp. Bot. 38: 1432-1439.


After the Second World War folk dance ensembles in the cities were established and developed a new way of public presentation of national traditions. The Croatian folk dance scene was divided between city ensembles performing stylized choreographies and peasant groups performing their native traditions. Since the breakdown of Yugoslavia the urban folk dance scene and its repertoire have been changed to a national repertoire but the style of presentation has mostly remained unchanged. Since the 1990s, inspired by nostalgia, folklore associations were founded in Zagreb by migrants from villages and refugees. In searching for their roots they started to present folk traditions from their old homeland.


A stain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the diseased Ictalurus punctatus of a fishfarm in Sichuan province,and an extracellular protease was partially purified from the culture solution of the S.maltophilia by ammonium sulfate and DEAE Sephadex A-50 fast flow.The result showed that the molecular weight of the purified protease from Ictalurus punctatus by SDS-PAGE was 45.7 ku.The purified protease was injected to rats and Ictalurus punctatus intraperitoneally.It resulted in heavy fatalities.The LD50 of extracellular protease to rats and Ictalurus punctatus were 4.33 μg·g-1 and 3.49 μg·g-1 respectively.It showed that the optimal temperature was 20 ℃ and the optimal pH was 9.0.PMSF couldn't affect the activity but EDTA,Ca2+,Hg2+,Cu2+ could reduce the activity of protease greatly.However,Co2+ could enhance the activity.It demonstrated that the protease was a metal-protease.


We consider numerical modeling of compositional two-phase flow in porous media, and we propose a nonlinear formulation that employs a variable-set based on compositional space parameterization. In the formulation, the phase-fraction and saturation change 'continuously' in the immiscible region of the compositional space. Inside the two-phase region, these variables are identical to the saturation and phase-fraction of the standard approach. In the single-phase regions, however, these variables can become negative, or larger that unity. We demonstrate that when this variable set is used, the EOS computations are resolved completely within the general Newton loop. That is, no separate phase-stability or flash computations are necessary. The number of general Newton iterations grows only slightly, and overall savings lead to more efficient simulations. We discuss using this variable set, which can be thought of as an extension of the natural variable, in two ways. The first scheme honors the nonlinear dependence of the overall density on phase-fractions and saturation, and the second employs a linearized relation for the overall density. Both schemes are compared with the standard natural-variables formulation using several challenging compositional problems. We also describe how the proposed approach can be used for modeling multi-contact miscible displacement processes.


Anthroponomy is a science on morphology.It is a fundamental course for HVE Rehabilitative Technique Major.In order to improve students' learning motivation and efficiency,I revised the curriculum on the basis of surveying and analyzing the current learning situation.Furthermore,I compiled a course book emphasizing both theory and practice.Now I am practicing integrating teaching of Anthroponomy.


Introduced the types of gas sensitive materials of metal oxide semiconductor and the newest development in the abroad and home.Analyzed the disadvantages of gas sensitive materials of metal oxide semiconductor now.And discussed the development tendency.


Laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer of Newtonian nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the sheet velocity distribution of the form (Uw=CXβ) and the wall temperature distribution of the form (Tw= T∞+ axr) for the steady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) is studied numerically. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to the local non-similarity equations using the appropriate transformations. The set of ODEs are solved using Keller–Box implicit finite-difference method. The effects of several parameters, such as magnetic parameter, volume fraction of different nanoparticles (Ag, Cu, CuO, Al2O3 and TiO2), velocity parameter, Prandtl number and temperature parameter on the velocity and temperature distributions, local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are examined. The analysis reveals that the temperature profile increases with increasing magnetic parameter and volume fraction of nanofluid. Furthermore, it is found that the thermal boundary layer increases and momentum boundary layer decreases with the use of water based nanofluids as compared to pure water. At constant volume fraction of nanoparticles, it is also illustrated that the role of magnetic parameter on dimensionless temperature becomes more effective in lower value.


OBJECTIVE
Severe pain can lead to ventilatory compromise in patients with multiple rib fractures. Regional anesthetic techniques, including continuous thoracic paravertebral and thoracic epidural blocks, can be useful in reducing this pain and subsequent morbidity due to respiratory compromise. Thoracic paravertebral block can result in significant complications. Presumed epidural spread of injected medication has been described with thoracic paravertebral block. High-quality radiographic images of an attempted placement of a thoracic paravertebral catheter in the epidural space have not been reported. We present these images to highlight the occurrence of this complication.

SETTINGS AND PATIENTS
In this case, we report an attempted placement of a thoracic paravertebral catheter that passed into the epidural space. High-fidelity, three-dimensional computer tomography images and the management of the unintended epidural catheterization are presented.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
In the setting of severe chest trauma, the potential risk of unintended placement of an intended thoracic paravertebral catheter in the epidural space is graphically illustrated as a potential risk of this procedure.