The St. Petersburg Passage—a shopping arcade and recreation complex, comprising restaurants, exhibitions, amateur theater, and the Literary Fund—was a remarkable center of public life in imperial Russia. Contemporary journalists wrote incessantly about the Passage, celebrating the various forms of popular entertainment that it offered. In his strange unfinished story "The Crocodile," which also takes place in the Russian arcade, Fedor Dostoevskii parodies this trivial discourse of the daily press. Urban spectacles and their refraction in the mass-circulation media are the main targets of his caricature of westernized popular culture in Russia. The writer's response to Russian modernity, as it was taking shape in the age of the Great Reforms, is expressly negative. Dostoevskii believed that in a decade defined by the rise of civic consciousness, the Russian press should address vital social concerns at home instead of celebrating ephemeral cultural imports, such as the arcade and the newspaper feuilleton.


With the establishment and operation of market oriented economy,one of urgent tasks before us is proceed to perfect the institution of inventions a nd creations at professional posts.In this article,attempts are made at re exam ining our countrys existing institution of inventions and creations at profess io nal posts,and on this basis,at exploring the criteria by which inventions and cr eations at professional posts are to be defined,and all sorts of malpractices an d drawbacks existing in respect to the right of ownership of certain professional inventions and creations.The article concludes with a few proposals to deal wit h malpractices.


This article further develops the concept of algorithmic vulnerability. The analysis is built on empirical evidence of the Chinese Health Code System (HCS), compared to similar plans for the "COVID-19 Certificate" in the European Union (EU). Implementing the HCS has shown two-sided regulatory implications: improving social protection (a national strategy, a common mutual-recognition standard, scaled-up public–private cooperation) and increasing risks of social exclusion (non-digital and digital forms of vulnerability). This article argues that algorithmic vulnerability is caused by mismatches between biased databases, unfairly pre-designed algorithms and dynamically changed risk groups in reality in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. It contributes a framework for deploying plans for digital certificates in the EU concerning minimising the social risks associated with algorithmic vulnerability. The framework consists of (1) reinforcing existing vulnerability inherited from non-digital society (eg caused by intersectional factors of race/ethnicity, gender, age and health) and (2) introducing new forms of vulnerability generated by algorithm design and implementation (eg excluding the risk groups of individuals who are un/mis/overrepresented in the databases, such as those defined by nationality plus COVID-19 status).


The goal of this paper is to describe a set of projects we have used in the Computer Organization course at Kalamazoo College involving embedded software development on the Arduino hardware platform. These projects are motivated by the idea that programming microcontrollers moves students beyond the black box view of computation. Working with physical devices makes the content more concrete, while also providing students with a useful set of skills not covered in most computer science programs.


This paper investigates the major sources of changes in the trade balance of seven European countries – Denmark, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Norway, and Sweden – before the World War I using the structural vector autoregression analysis. The results suggest that the transitory shocks to income are the main source of variation in the trade balance, whereas the permanent shocks to income determine the changes in the income.


Described is a mascara unit comprising a container having a cap with an applicator rod at the far end of which is located an applicator which dips into the mascara fluid in the container when the cap is in place on the container, the unit also having a device for stripping excess fluid off the applicator when the applicator is withdrawn from the fluid. The stripping device includes a zone which extends inwards towards the applicator rod. In order to ensure low manufacturing costs and significantly improved fluid-stripping action, the invention calls for the inwards-extending zone of the stripper to have a multiplicity of fingers (22) spaced at intervals round the applicator rod (12) and resting flexibly against the rod (12).


IN a period in world history when international tensions are more intense and cataclysmic than ever before, it is encouraging that 82 nations have voted to establish an international agency for the promotion of the peaceful uses of atomic energy. The agreement reached, of course, does not mean final acceptance by all the signatory nations. Nevertheless, we believe the program will gain ready acceptance despite the unsettled international situation. The advantages to the underdeveloped nations become clearer with each passing day. The so-called "nonatomic" powers may now receive through the agency fissionable material, technical assistance, and possibly assistance in financing construction of power reactors. The timetable for producing sizable quantities of atomic power in certain areas of the world must be stepped up by a decade or two. The very tensions referred to are prime reasons for greater speed in developing atomic power facilities where the more traditional sources are nonexistent or declining. ...


Assignment of the hydrogen spectrum is the first step in the conventional procedure for the determination of molecular structure by 1H‐nmr. In this paper, we explore the possibility of directly exploiting the distances derived from nuclear Overhauser effect experiments to generate a three‐dimensional structure that is then assigned based on knowledge of the connectivity or primary sequence. This effort is analogous to that of the protein crystallographers in tracing electron density of the peptide chain. In particular, we compare structures produced by distance geometry to known peptide secondary structures to see what level of information is required to "trace" the backbone α‐carbon and amide hydrogens and the β‐carbon hydrogens. We conclude that this approach is only useful with excellent quality stereo‐resolved data. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This paper represents a summary ofthe state of the art of the Cyclostratigraphy and it has been divided into two parts. The first one deals with the theory in which the Cyclostratigraphy is based on, while in the second one will be discussed examples of applications in a sedimentary succession of the Oligocene-Miocene in age from the Campos basin. Cyclostratigraphy is the subdivision of geologic studies that investigate cyclic depositional pattems. At present, there are two main areas of research that have been developed in cyclostratigraphy. The first area focuses on understanding how climatic and sedimentary processes interact with tectonic processes to produce the observed stratigraphic cycles. The second one focuses on the techniques of time measurement of cycles and the development of a geochronologic framework. ln order to understand the causes and frequencies of stratigraphic cycles both areas need to be integrated. The comprehension of the impact of insolation cycles in the sedimentary cycles is extremely important in both regional and global scales to elaborate high resolution stratigraphic correlations and geochronologic frameworks, what can be achieved with the application of the cyclostratigraphy.


This paper verifies the impact of informal institution on loan contract.We examine the relationship between local credit environment and banks loan portfolios using the sample of the City Commercial Banks (CCB),and investigate the role of credit in different legal protection environment.The results indicate that the better the credit environment,the more the CCB will supply credit loans,personal loans and short - term loans. And the conclusions are still robust after considering the endogenous problem.We further inspect the relationship grouping by the degree of legal protection,and results show that the impact of credit on loan portfolios only exists in the area of poor legal protection.And there has differences in which banks depend on when choosing loan portfolios and banks will focus more on the situation in poor legal protection when choosing loans' collateral type while in loan property and term structure is on the contrast.Finally,we also inspect problems such as cross - regional operations and confirm the robustness of conclusions.


In works on psychiatry, gastric and other secretions are generally assumed to be diminished in depressed or melancholic states, and increased (less clearly) in excited or manic states.1,2Less definite statements are made in regard to dementia praecox.3In many depressed patients, moreover, there are definite gastro-intestinal symptoms and curious somatic delusions which are well exemplified in some of our cases. They were aptly described by Clouston.4Independently of psychiatry the observations of physicians and physiologists5,6point to a marked influence of the mental, and particularly of the emotional, state on gastro-intestinal functions, both secretory and motor. While this supposed correlation between the mental and bodily functions seems to be reasonable, and clinically well substantiated, we have been able to find no studies by modern methods (fractional test meals and roentgenologic observations) confirmatory of these assumptions. The present study was undertaken to fill this gap in


While much critical attention as been devoted to the representation of precarity on the European stages, and in British theatre in particular, dramatic texts produced in the United States that concern, depict and represent the lives of members of the so-called precariat have barely been the object of critical scrutiny. This article traces the emergence of a growing concern with economic hardship in the second decade of the twenty-first century in American drama and presents a case study of Annie Baker's The Flick (2013). Baker's play is illustrative of an aesthetics of precarity that refrains from victimizing the members of the precariat and that plays out the paradoxes of scenarios of precarity as being at once troubling and enabling transformation and visions of possibility.


A double‐blind control trial of amantadine hydrochloride in a dosage of 200 mg per day, and placebo, each given for three weeks to 33 patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, confirms the results of previous studies, which showed that amantadine hydrochloride is a well‐tolerated drug and has a beneficial effect of varying degree on the disease. In a smaller separate group of patients treated for several months, the effect of the drug was maintained. Amantadine appears to be a useful addition to the current range of antiparkinsonian drugs.


BACKGROUND: nephrolithiasis is the third most common urological pathology, followed by infections and prostatic pathologies. One of the treatment options is extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT); it is a minimally invasive technique, easy to repeat, effective, with low morbidity and low cost. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of ESWT as a treatment for nephrolithiasis and its association with some factors. METHODS: We carried out a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data, with patients diagnosed of nephrolithiasis and treated with ESWT at the Endourology Service of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, during the years 2015 and 2016. The sample was constituted of 146 patients. Data was Results are shown with frequencies and percentages in charts, Chi square was applied to measure the association between variables. RESULTS: The location of the stones was mainly intrarenal and on the left side. The mean size of the stones was 12.66 mm and the mean density was 996.97IU. After ESWT, tomographic control reported complete destruction of the stone in 22.6% of the patients and in almost a third of the patients there were no changes. After ESWL, most of the patients received expulsive treatment. 97% of the patients had no complications. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of ESWL decreased with age, also it was less effective in women, but the association was not statistically significant. The location of the stone, and its size had statistically significant association with the effectiveness of the treatment; ureteral and small stones were completely destroyed more frequently than renal and big stones. The stone density had no association with LEOCH effectiveness.


For practical power grids, frequency characteristics of grid impedance is nonlinear and complex appearing as more than one resonances at different frequencies. The resonant frequency between nominal system frequency and twice the nominal system frequency may lead to sub-synchronous oscillation in wind farms. This paper establishes a detailed electro-magnetic transient simulation model about D-PMSGs based wind farm compensated by an SVC and considering frequency characteristics of grid impedance in PSCAD/EMTDC. Based on the model for further simulation, it comes to a conclusion that frequency characteristics of grid impedance and control parameters play a critical role in the SSO characteristics of system. The impact of the resonant frequency mentioned above is related to the grid strength and the control parameters of D-PMSG and SVC. Conclusions from this paper indicate that coordinating control parameters to weaken the effect of the resonant frequency can be a feasible solution for such a SSCI problem in practical wind farms.


Multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been grown at low substrate temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy so as to incorporate excess arsenic. This excess arsenic precipitates and preferentially coarsens to the lower band gap well regions with anneal. Despite the excess arsenic, these AlAs/GaAs MQW structures exhibit sharp excitonic features that are comparable to those exhibited by stoichiometric MQW structures grown at standard temperatures. In addition to the sharp excitonic transitions, these MQWs possess ultrafast recombination lifetimes making them attractive for photorefractive, electro‐optic sampling, and saturable absorption applications.


Ground disposal of liquid radioactive waste from Hanford separations plants began on a limited basis in 1945. Small volumes of selected radioactive waste were initially discharged to the ground by means of subsurface structures or crib facilities. As more was learned about site geology and waste-sediment interactions, it was concluded that increased volumes of liquid effluent and increased quantities of radionuclides could be safely disposed of in the ground if properly controlled. Waste discharged to the ground was then greatly increased, reaching a peak of 8.34 x 10/sup 5/ Ci discharged in 1955. Thereafter, the volume and quantity of radioactive waste discharge were decreased as ground disposal of radionuclides was minimized and separation plants were shut down. The purpose of this study, as with two earlier studies conducted in 1964 and 1969, is to measure qualitatively the distribution, redistribution and decay of radionuclides beneath crib facilities. For this study, nearly 300 crib monitoring wells adjacent to approximately 100 crib facilities were logged with a scintillator, a device for measuring radioactivity. The profiles for each well were compared with selected profiles developed between 1954 and 1973. Volume II (Appendix A) and Volume III (Appendix B) contain selected scintillation probe profiles frommore » crib monitoring wells, background information for cribs (waste description, waste inventory and service dates) and an evaluation of radionuclides in the ground, which are listed by crib facility for 200 East Area and 200 West Area, respectively. The distribution, redistribution and decay of radionuclides in the vadose zone are discussed in Volume I.« less


Fracture toughness of GFRP composite materials has been studied mainly from the view point of the effects of test temperature and specimen size at temperatures ranging from 300K to 4K. The CT specimens with cut slits of prescribed depth and width were used.The fracture toughness of the GFRP specimens increased linearly with lowering test temperature from 300K to 77K. The effect of the slit width on fracture toughness was found to be the tendency of fracture toughness converging to a constant value below 0.2mm slit width. The plane stress state was attained when the ratio (B/W) of thickness (B) to width (W) of the specimens was below 0.2, accompanied with the incrase of fracture toughness. Also the whitening tendency of the tear crack portion of the GFRP specimens in the tear test became clearer as the test temperature decreased.


has his own language system'). In so far as the linguistic categories we employ are, as they clearly are save in the most exceptional cases, learned from others in our * society, they will give use to more or less misleading descriptions of reality, useful only in so far as they enable us to communicate with others. As we have > seen, this enables Martin to explain why a literary device such as metaphor is valuable; it helps to break the hold on us of socially determined concepts. What <, it does not explain is why these concepts should have a hold on us in the first place. If words are just labels we can affix at will, then on the face of it they ^ cannot have a hold on us. Nor does it explain how the use of metaphor, though it may include violations of conventional uses of language, does not do so in an arbitrary manner but according to socially established standards. If I understood him rightly he rejects this view chiefly on the ground that it leads to relativism, but since he seems to use that particular label to refer to a range of views which ' have little, if anything, in common, one is inclined to conclude that this is an instance of the dangers of categorization which Martin has failed to notice. i


The highest mountain peaks on Hawaii Island are snow covered for part of almost every year. This snow has aesthetic and recreational value as well as cultural significance for residents and visitors. Thus far there have been almost no systematic observations of snowfall, snow cover, or snow depth in Hawaii. Here we use satellite observations to construct a daily index of Hawaii Island snow cover starting from 2000. The seasonal mean of our index displays large interannual variations that are correlated with the seasonal mean freezing level and frequency of trade wind inversions as determined from nearby balloon soundings. Our snow cover index provides a diagnostic for monitoring climate variability and trends within the extensive area of the globe dominated by the North Pacific trade wind meteorological regime. We have also conducted simulations of the Hawaii climate with a regional atmospheric model. Retrospective simulations for 1990–2015 were run with boundary conditions prescribed from gridded observational analyses. Simulations for the end of 21st century employed boundary conditions based on global climate model projections that included standard scenarios for anticipated anthropogenic climate forcing. The future projections indicate that snowfall will nearly disappear by the end of the current century.


Desertification is one of the most serious ecological,social and economic problems in arid and semi-arid regions in the contemporary world.Based on referring to a large amount of literature,we have narrated and commented the concept of desertification in detail and its connotation from time,space,content,landscape,development tendency and results of sandy desertification in this article,and have particularly outlined the domestic and foreign desertification monitoring appraisal target system,graduation and its distribution in the world.On one of the focal arguments point of the causes of desertification,we have synthesized various viewpoints and finally summarized as natural reason and artificial reason,such as drought climate,gale and unreasonable human being's "six excesses" activities.Simultaneously we have outlined the interaction between global warming and desertification.In the end,the preventing and controlling methods,basic ways of desertification and some questions like these have also been summarized systemically.


ABSTRACT The mineralogy of specimens of greensand, chalk, and sandstone from the Upper Cretaceous sediments at Gingin, 50 miles north of Perth, Western Australia are described. The heavy detrital minerals occurring in these sediments are: magnetite, ilmenite, leucoxene, zircon, tourmaline, rutile, kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite, andalusite, garnet, amphibole, epidote, zoisite, sphene, spinel, monazite, biotite, and anatase. This assemblage has been derived from the pre-Cambrian shield to the east of Gingin. The conditions of deposition of the greensands and chalk are discussed, and mechanical analyses of the greensands are given.


Machine learning is a part of AI which develops algorithms to learn patterns and make decision form the massive data. Recently, Machine learning has been used to resolving various critical medical problems. Diabetes is one of the dangerous disease, which can lead to more complicated, including deaths if not timely treated. The study is designed for providing the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Tiruchirappalli district using machine learning algorithms and it was detected that the polluted air causes diabetes disease and also increases the risk of that disease. This proposed work helps the people in preventing diabetes disease using various diabetic attributes with an aim to enhance the quality of healthcare and lessen the diagnoses cost of the disease. In future, the work done may be extended by considering many other attributes and by implementing it through various algorithms to improve the prediction accuracy of diabetes mellitus.


As one of the most important factors determining the nature of the dynamic behavior of a social system, the article considers the competitive relationship of two alternative sociotypes, conventionally designated as molecular human and cosmic human. The molecular sociotype is understood as the personality of the average consumer, whose behavioral determinants are largely determined by the selfish gene. The cosmic human is a person who has realized the dependence on the selfish gene. Representatives of the cosmic sociotype consider the products of their own mind, their contribution to culture, as a more significant function than gene replication. This explains the different values of the coefficients of reproduction of the total resource of the system by molecular human and cosmic human. Three possible scenarios for the evolution of a social system have been identified for different values of the coefficients of reproduction of the total resource of the system by both sociotypes with a constant share of the population. In this case, the aggregate resource is understood as the entire intellectual, cultural and economic product produced by the social system during a certain conditional cycle of reproduction. The dynamics of a social system with a variable value of the share of a productive comic sociotype is considered in the work on the basis of a nonlinear two-dimensional model. The mathematical model demonstrates complex nonlinear quasicyclic behavior.


In 1970, the Waste Management and Transportation Division of the Atomic Energy Commission ordered a segregation of transuranic (TRU)-contaminated solid wastes. Those below a contamination level of 10 nCi/g could still be buried; those above had to be stored retrievably for 20 y. The possibility that alpha-radiolysis of hydrogenous materials might produce toxic, corrosive, and flammable gases in retrievably stored waste prompted an investigation of gas identities and generation rates in the laboratory and field. Typical waste mixtures were synthesized and contaminated for laboratory experiments, and drums of actual TRU-contaminated waste were instrumented for field testing. Several levels of contamination were studied, as well as pressure, temperature, and moisture effects. G (gas) values were determined for various waste matrices, and degradation products were examined.


We introduce a universal R-matrix for the Jordanian deformation of U(sl(2)). Using Uh(so(4))=Uh(sl(2)) ⊕ U−h(sl(2)), we obtain the universal R-matrix for Uh(so(4)). Applying the graded contractions on the universal R-matrix of Uh(so(4)), we show that there exist three distinct R-matrices for all the contracted algebras. It is shown that Uh(sl(2)), Uh(so(4)), and all of these contracted algebras are triangular.


An auto-tuning damper for grid-connected converters (GCs) is proposed in this paper to improve the stability of GCs when there is an increase in the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). Increasing number of GCs are being connected to the power grid for supporting the power generation of RES systems, and this makes the equivalent output impedance of GCs becomes closer to the system impedance of the power grid. This increases the influences of the operation of GCs on the output voltage, and there is a greater risk of GCs becoming instable. In addition, system operations such as switching of transmission lines will result in larger variations in the system impedance than before in this situation. This could induce large changes in the resonance characteristics between the system and GCs. In this situation, conventional active damping control, which is designed based on the known conditions of system impedance, could have less controllability due to the changes in resonance characteristics. The harmonic resonance could become instable if the active damping control has insufficient damping effect. For this reason, an auto-tuning damper for harmonic resonance is proposed in this paper. It makes the active damping control capable of taking action in response to the changes in resonance characteristics. Therefore, it can improve the stability of operation of GCs. The operational principle, simulation, and scale-down prototype validation are presented to show the improvements achieved by the proposed solution. In addition, a problem investigated during prototype validation is explained and described.


Today's approach to security is based on perimeter defense and relies heavily on firewalls, Intrusion detection systems (IDS) and Intrusion prevention systems. Despite years of research and investment in developing such reactive security methodologies, our critical systems remain vulnerable to cyber attacks. In our approach we assume that intrusions are inevitable and our effort is focused on minimizing losses. Towards this end we have introduced a recovery based limited exposure time system called Self Cleansing Intrusion Tolerance (SCIT). In this paper, we investigate architectures that combine SCIT architecture with existing IDS approaches. The effectiveness of SCIT and IDS security architectures in terms of minimizing data ex filtration losses is analyzed using decision trees and the results of Monte Carlo simulation is presented.


Background The entorhinal cortex serves as an important gateway between the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by receiving afferent information from limbic, modality sensory-specific, and multimodal association fibres from all brain lobes. Objective To investigate whether thinning of the entorhinal cortex is associated with reduced cognitive skills in VLBW adolescents. Design and Methods 49 VLBW ( Results The cortical surface model demonstrated 26 areas of regional cortical thinning and thickening in the VLBW group. Among these were thinning of entorhinal cortices, the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus on both sides. In the VLBW group, thinning of left entorhinal cortex (white) (figure 1) was correlated with low scores on IQ subtests picture arrangement (p = 0.001) and block design (p = 0.035), resulting in low estimated performance (p = 0.003) and full scale IQ (p = 0.012). Thinning of this area on both sides correlated with low performance on executive/attention function tests, including aspects of working memory. Conclusions Entorhinal cortical thinning is related with low IQ and reduced executive functions in VLBW adolescents.


The laboratory experiments were carriedout at the Institute of Organic Farming (IOF), UAS, Dharwad, during 2014-2015 to study the bioefficacy of different formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae against coconut rhinoceros grubs, Oryctus rhinoceros (Linnaeus). Among different oil based formulation, rice bran oil (60%) + corn oil (40%) formulation found least LC 50 value (1.99 x 10 6 cfu/ml) at 432 h. In granular and wettable powder formulation, the granular formulation recorded least LC 50 value 0.44 x 10 8 cfu/g at 240 h. The medean lethal time (LT 50 ) of different oil based formulations, the rice bran oil (60%) + corn oil (40%) formulation @ 3 x 10 6 cfu / ml recorded lower LT 50 value of 319.89 h (13.32 days). Among granular and wettable powder formulation, the granular formulation @ 5 x 10 8 cfu / g, proved most effective exhibiting 50 per cent of mortality with least LT 50 value of 162.88 h (6.78 days).


Group Technology (GT) is a well known term in the Industrial Engineering environment. It is used in the production of parts in medium quantities and the idea behind it is that similar parts should be manufactured in a similar way. Parts are identified and grouped together in order to take advantage of their similarities for design and production. These similarities can be associated with similar production process steps or similar tooling needed to manufacture these parts. GT has become a standard methodology in mechanical and electronic assembly automation design. However to our best knowledge it has not been employed in designs of high-throughput automation for Biotechnology. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of the implementation of GT for simplifying Biotechnology protocols automation. Two Biotechnology protocols are used to illustrate how Biotechnology could benefit from GT. The two protocols used are purification of RNA and purification of DNA.


In the present study,in order to understand the relationships between nuclides and seed and bud mortality of plants,five plant seeds of sunflower,soybean,corn,cucumber and rape were applied to investigate effects of Sr(NO3)2,CsNO3 and UO2(NO3)2·6H2O on their seed and bud mortality in a germination test.Results showed that types of nuclide,nuclide concentrations and plant species all had very significant effects on the seed and bud mortality,and their interaction effects were also very significant.The seed and bud mortality with U treatment was significantly higher than those treated with Sr or Cs.Effects between Sr and Cs treatments had no significant differences.Concentration effects between Sr2 + or Cs +were not significantly different.The U6 + concentration of 2.5mmol·L-1 and higher significantly increased seed and bud mortality.The response of the seed and bud mortality between plants to nuclides were quite different.Sunflower was the most sensitive one and cucumber the least sensitive one.The effects of different nuclides on seed and bud mortality of plants are different,following the order of U Sr or Cs.Medium-high concentration of U ions is prone to increase plant seed and bud mortality.Seed and bud mortality of different plants respond differently to different nuclides and their concentrations.


Abstract Waste paper, the use of which is increasing day by day as a raw material, has a heterogeneous structure as it contains non-fiber material from different sources. It is desired to have a homogeneous product when recycled. Within the scope of this study, the SEM images of the raw materials determined according to EN 643 standard and the products made with the recycling of these raw materials were examined, ash content, fines content and ash on sieve were stated and the results obtained by determining filler content (removed) and fiber fines (removed) were discussed. While the samples with the highest ash content were H3 and U3, the lowest samples were H6 and U9. It was determined that the samples with the highest fines content were H2 and U1, while the lowest samples were H4 and U2. While the samples with the highest ash on sieve were H3 and U3, the samples with the least were determined as H2 and U9. The filler content was highest in H1 and U3 samples, while the lowest was in H6 and U9 samples. The samples with the most fiber fines were found as H2 and U9, and the least as H1 and U3 samples.


This thesis explores constructed water landscapes and the
attitudes creating them in the Salton Sea area, which is
located in the converge of the Mojave and the Sonoran
Deserts in southeast California. With the focus on water
constructions the thesis embraces the method of the
Deviant Transect, under development by the landscape
architect researchers Gini Lee and Lisa Diedrich, with
Ellen Braae. The method aims at enabling designers to
capture qualities that can only be perceived on site, such
as dynamics, relationships and atmospheres, in order to
support site-specific transformation of sites.
This thesis challenges Antropocentrism, inspired by
writings of Dirk Sijmons (2014) and Saskia Sassen (2014).
Amongst others, Carol J. Burns and Andrea Kahn's (2005)
theories on site and site specificity, are studied, along
with literature on grass root movements and societal
change suggested by Grace Lee Boggs (2011) .
This work examines water constructions in the Salton
Sea area, acknowledging them in two ways: as land
colonization with themes such as water systems, industrial
scaled farming, and sub-urban settlements, and as oppositions
to conventional land use practices, with themes
of the desert as a garden, local food, and the culture of
mobile homes.
The resulting findings are the basis for a design proposal
that acknowledges what is already in place by introducing
a network of test sites. The aim is to use landscape
architectural skills in order to engage in a speculative
form of regional design, enabling visionary organizing
rather than providing finished blueprints.


Rainwater chemistry was monitored during a two years period (Nov. 2003 – Oct. 2005) for quantification of the atmospheric input over a small (70 km2) rural Mediterranean watershed. A refrigerated wet only precipitation collector with a nearby bulk sampler were installed at one station. Major ions contents (HCO3,Cl, NO3, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, and K) were determined by Ion Chromatography, nutrients content ( PO43 -, NO3 -,NO2- and NH4+) determined following APHA standard and trace element contents (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, U, V and Zn) by ICP-MS. During the observation period, a total of 36 rain samples were collected and analysed for wet and dry deposits determination. The dataset obtained from the field study is presented and discussed. The primary objectives are i) to evaluate the rainwater concentration, and ii) to estimate the annual atmospheric input to the basin.


Chlamydia pneumoniaeis an obligate intracellular human pathogen that causes acute and chronic respiratory tract diseases and that has been implicated as a possible risk factor in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease. C. pneumoniaecultivated in Hep‐2 cells were 35S‐labeled and infectious elementary bodies (EB) were purified. The EB proteins were separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Excised protein spots were in‐gel digested with trypsin and peptides were concentrated on reverse‐phase chromatographic beads for identification analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry. In the pH range from 3–11, 263 C. pneumoniaeprotein spots encoded from 167 genes were identified. These genes constitute 15 % of the genome. The identified proteins include 31 hypothetical proteins. It has recently been suggested that EB should be able to synthesize ATP. This view may be strengthened by the identification of several proteins involved in energy metabolism. Furthermore, proteins have been found which are involved in the type III secretion apparatus important for pathogenesis of intracellular bacteria. Proteome maps and a table of all identified proteins have been made available on the world wide web at www.gram.au.dk.


The preschool center there is a place for educational to preschool children before they begin compulsory education at primary school. The different of the preschool children's furniture will affect the different perceptions of preferences and behaviors of children in the classroom. The furniture that relating the satisfaction of children. It will become the part of stimulus that attracts and motivates children and also an appropriate physical elements to encourage a learning environment. The research found that the different elements of design on the preschool children's furniture affect the perceptions of children they prefer the follow: warm colors on children's desk and chair while cool colors on bookshelves, and non-pattern, natural (animal) form and natural (wood) material on children's desk, children's chair and bookshelves.The study results can help designers in their selection of elements of design on the preschool children's furniture, specially for classroom in the preschool center.


Reaction of [Pt(1,5-C8H12)2] with diphenylacetylene affords [Pt(PhC2Ph)2], which reacts with trimethylphosphine to give [Pt2(PMe3)2(PhC2Ph)2]; the structural identity of both new complexes was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.


SUMMARY Seventy-two patients with trifascicular disease were followed for an average of 40 months following permanent pacemaker insertion. The indications for pacemaker insertion were either electrocardiographic evidence of complete heart block with a wide QRS escape complex or a pattern of bifascicular block with either periods of Mobitz type II atrioventricular (A-V) block or a documented history of syncope. The patients were then divided into three groups depending on subsequent change in A-V conduction. There were 31 (43%) patients with no change in A-V conduction, 17 (24%) with increasing A-V block, and 24 (33%) with decreasing A-V block. The characteristics of these three groups, including age and sex distribution, were compared and found to be similar. The incidence of previous transmural myocardial infarction as determined by electrocardiographic criteria was higher in the group with decreasing block. Survival curves showed a significantly decreased probability of surviving for those with decreasing block compared to both ths with increasing block and those with no change in conduction (P < 0.03). We conclude that the probability of long-term survival was less in the group with decreasing block. This finding may be related to the greater prevalence of coronary heart disease in these patients.


The design of both the software and the hardware of the computer control system for the blast furnace blower is introduced. Meanwhile, the realizations of every control function in this computer control system are illustrated in detail.The computer control system,designed by authors,for the blast furnace blower has already been put into use in the Baotou Iron and Steel Group Co. A steady control system and satisfactory control effect are obtained finally.


Among the great museums of Europe, the Museo Lazaro Galdiano is still very new. Yet since its formal opening in 1951, it has rapidly come to be recognized as one of the best not only of Spain but of the Western world. With the main floor remaining much as when Sr. Lazaro lived there, in its elaborate decoration with ceilings by Lucas Villaamil, his treasures arc suitably and attractively housed. Meanwhile the scholarly work goes forward of classifying, arranging and studying the incredible number of masterpieces amassed by Sr. Lazaro, as well as of incorporating more recent acquisitions into the collection.


Mrs. Mason's speech at the hOllrd of dir('et.or,' ml'c!· ing Illst ,JII\lIiury eaptnred the meeting for tSIIS. amI she was hostess pre-eminent at Conway. O. n. Bruce of Lynn, the new president, is one of the most devotetl friends of .the inst.itute, ana he hail rurc skill ill the management of IISsociations. Horace S. 'I'arbell, LL. D., WIIS the philosopher of the occasion. No New Englunder is more admired, and no words spoken at Conway were wiser.


ABSTRACT Many geographers graduating from universities enter an international and project-based professional life, which includes working in geographically dispersed project teams. In Europe, the Bologna process aligned study programs and supported student mobility to prepare students for such a work environment. However, research on higher education has reported few examples of international courses that include collaborative learning during which students have experience of both co-location and geographical dispersion. This paper reports on a pilot course that implemented international student-led research projects in two Geography Departments: the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and the University of Turku. We monitored the students' learning processes via a survey that was administered at the beginning, middle and end of the course, complemented by observations, informal discussions and student team reports. We analysed the survey and observations within a proximity-distance framework to identify the key challenges and good practices for supporting collaborative learning. We developed a model for organising an international course that applies both geographical distance and co-location.


We are complete laymen in respect of fractal geometry. In spite of this fact we wrote down [1] in what way we acquired some knowledge about self‐similarity‐dimension d s and fractal dimension d F .This paper had a didactical character. Like BEETHOVEN, we must confess 'Stolen here, stolen there' (Zusammen‐gestohlen hier und dort). Now we do the same once more. We consider another real number to characterize point sets, the so‐called Hausdorff‐Besicovitch‐dimension d HB. Its definition is more complex and subtle than that of d s and d F .This new number is often very hard to compute. The definition cannot be used as a basis of experimental procedures as in the case of d F .


This paper proposes a rotor permanent magnet array applied in the three degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) permanent magnet spherical actuator. To investigate the performance of the permanent magnet array, this paper presents an analytical model for calculating the magnetic field generated by the spherical rotor array using spherical harmonics. Compared with the numerical method 3-D finite element analysis, the spherical harmonics can obtain a closed-form function with the advantages of reasonable accuracy and rapid computational effort. Finally three structural parameters of rotor array are discussed by the analytical model.


The spatial distribution of pre-exploitation conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure distributions, liquid and vapor saturations, circulation characteristics of high-temperature fluids) in the Dachny site of the Mutnovsky hydrothermal system, obtained earlier using a 3-D mapping method (Kiryukhin et al, 1991), are revised on the basis of natural state simulations performed with the computer code TOUGH2 (Pruess, 1991). A 3-D model of the natural state conditions at the Dachny site was developed. The fine-tuning of the model has been achieved by comparing model results to the observations made in geothermal wells 1, 24, 01, 016 and 26 during flow tests conducted during 1983--1988. The behavior of these five wells in response to two exploitation scenarios, one with no reinjection, the other with 100 kg/s of liquid injection into well 027, was also computed.


Mutually assured destruction. MAD: USA and North Korea. Analysis of the conflict. The end of the tensions and its implications. The meeting between Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un.


In 2006 Bonato and Tardif posed the Tree Alternative Conjecture (TAC): the equivalence class of a tree under the embeddability relation is, up to isomorphism, either trivial or infinite. In 2022 LaFlamme, et al. provided a rigorous exposition of a conter-example to TAC developed by Tetano in his 2008 PhD thesis. Also in 2022, the present author provided a positive answer to TAC for the topological minor relation. Along with embeddability and the topological minor, the graph minor relation completes the triad of the most widely studied graph relations. In this paper we provide a positive answer to TAC for the the graph minor.


Although experiments on intratracheal intubation for animals are essential for research, it remains challenging. This study aimed to validate an animal model using a flexible imaging guide system that can be conveniently and safely used as a new method to provide easy access to organs in small animals. PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) and PHMG (Polyhexamethylene guanidine) were administered by intratracheal intubation to 20 rodents (10 mice and 10 rats), and the changes in the lungs were observed. Results were verified using lung tissue histopathologic staining through the intratracheally administered material, which confirmed that 100% of changes in lung tissue occurred in the PHMG-injected group, where intubation was facilitated using the flexible imaging guide. The drug was conveniently and safely administered. The flexible-imaging-fiber-guide-based intratracheal drug injectable system may be conveniently used by researchers. It allows drugs to be administered quantitatively, suggesting its potential wide use in drug development and toxicity evaluation.


The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between the nature of an infinite series of real terms in which the general term tends to zero and the derived set (set of limit points) of the aggregate of the fractional parts of its partial sums. For all types of series (in which the nth term tends to zero) we determine the derived set. We denote by F the set of the fractional parts of the partial sums of the series, and by F′ the derived set of F. The principal results of the paper can be stated as follows: 1. the series is convergent if and only if F has at most one limit point in [0, 1] or F′ ⊆ {0, 1}; 2. the series, if non-oscillatory, is divergent if and only if F′ = [0, 1]; 3. if the series is oscillatory, F′ is a closed sub-interval of [0, 1] or [0, 1] - (a, b), where (a, b) ⊊ (0, 1).


Background: the need to develop methods for early diagnostics and preventive interventions in individuals at clinical high-risk state for schizophrenia requires studying the characteristics of the specific symptoms of pre-onset stages. One of such symptoms may be thought disorder, which still have an ambiguous position in the psychopathological structure of schizophrenia.Aim: correlation analysis of thought disorders in patients with first depressive episode with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia (ASS).Patients and methods: the study included 30 young men (mean age 19.2 ± 2.1 years) hospitalized with the first depressive episode (F32.1, F32.2, F32.28, F32.8 on ICD-10), in the structure of which ASS were noted. The severity of thought disorders was assessed using the Thought, Language and Communication scale (TLC) before discharge. Subsequently was performed the search for correlations of scores on the TLC and other characteristics as duration of the current depressive episode, severity of depressive symptoms according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the severity of ASS according to Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), drug therapy doses.Results: the median value of the total score on the TLC was 20 [17.3;23.5]. The most important finding is the discovery of only weak correlations of thought disorders with depressive affect and ASS. Indeed, the total score on the TLC correlated only with the total score on the SOPS at admission (r = 0.370, p < 0.05), which refiects the relationship between the thought disorders and the activity of endogenous process in the early stages, and with the SANS subscale "Attention" at discharge (r = 0.388, p < 0.05), which also indirectly refiects the existing thought disorders. The greatest number of correlations was demonstrated by the TLC parameter "Illogicality".Conclusion: the data obtained indicates the independent nature of thought disorders in youth patients with first-onset of depression, which indicates the need to determine its independent prognostic value for schizophrenia manifestation.


The scientificalness of Marxist Economics can be verified not just by the text study of Marxian Economics,nor by majority voting rule and evaluation of its advocators or protestors.It can only be verified by Logic test and experience evidence.To have persisting,developing and innovating of Marxist Economics,it is important that we should apply the Marxian method to solve the contradictions in it,and to analyze the realistic economic life,abstract general economic category from abundant and concrete practice,in order to reveal the nature of economic relationships.According to the Dialectics of generality,specificity,individuality,and the logic formation process of the most general abstraction,the nature of Socialism can only be defined by summarizing all kinds of realistic Socialist practices.We can not simply have direct implementation of Marx's anticipation of future society.The nature of the primary stage of Socialism is a little different from the advanced stage of Socialism.It should be in accord with the general definition of Socialism.


In this paper, we examine the bargaining strategy of a distributor who sells vertically differentiated, i .e. high and low brand products. In this multilateral bargaining the negotiations are interdependent due to bargain ing externality. We derive and analyze the equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games between the distributor and the manufacturers of the high and low brand products. The results shows that the optimal bargaining strategy for the distributor heavily depends on the relative quality and price level of the lo w brand product comparing to those of the high brand product. It is also shown that, for more bargaining profit, th e distributor has strong incentive to prefer a low brand product which has lower quality level per unit price.


The penetration of smart devices such as mobile phones, tabs has significantly changed the way people communicate. This has led to the growth of usage of social media tools such as twitter, facebook chats for communication. This has led to development of new challenges and perspectives in the language technologies research. Automatic processing of such texts requires us to develop new methodologies. Thus there is great need to develop various automatic systems such as information extraction, retrieval and summarization. Entity recognition is a very important sub task of Information extraction and finds its applications in information retrieval, machine translation and other higher Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as co-reference resolution. Some of the main issues in handling of such social media texts are i) Spelling errors ii) Abbreviated new language vocabulary such as "gr8" for great iii) use of symbols such as emoticons/emojis iv) use of meta tags and hash tags v) Code mixing. Entity recognition and extraction has gained increased attention in Indian research community. However there is no benchmark data available where all these systems could be compared on same data for respective languages in this new generation user generated text. Towards this we have organized the Code Mix Entity Extraction in social media text track for Indian languages (CMEE-IL) in the Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation (FIRE). We present the overview of CMEE-IL 2016 track. This paper describes the corpus created for Hindi-English and Tamil-English. Here we also present overview of the approaches used by the participants. CCS Concepts • Computing methodologies ~ Artificial intelligence • Computing methodologies ~ Natural language processing • Information systems ~ Information extraction


Making more blood pressure (BP) monitors available to patients in GP waiting rooms could increase detection of high BP and help patients being treated for high BP to monitor and control it better, research published in the British Journal of General Practice suggests.1

Researchers from the University of Oxford conducted interviews with patients who attended GP surgeries where BP monitors were available for patients' self use, either in the waiting room or another public area of the building, to find out why patients did or did not choose to use them.

A total of 30 patients were interviewed, of whom six (20%) were hypertensive and just under half (47%) had used a BP self screening …


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 Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Objective : The objective of this paper is to identify the role of factors influencing the development of technological entrepreneurship using as example a company with academic origin in the IT sector. The scientific purpose of the study is to compile the views of scholars on technological entrepreneurship. Research Design & Methods : The first part of the study is of descriptive character and based on literature review, while the second part is empirical. The application of the empirical method of a case study has made it possible to characterize the essence of technological entrepreneurship and illustrate the development of the studied phenomenon in business practice. Findings: The concept of technological entrepreneurship is based on increasing innovation, new assets and competitiveness through more efficient use of research results leading to development of products and services. The process of creating technological entrepreneurship is conditioned largely by endogenous factors of organizations and also by the business ecosystem. Implications & Recommendations: It is necessary to further develop current theory of technological entrepreneurship through discussion on the methodological dilemmas associated with conducting research in this area. Contribution & Value Added: The article is an attempted synthesis of the concept of technological entrepreneurship as a process that combines the elements of academic and intellectual entrepreneurship with the entrepreneurship of commercial organizations implementing new technologies and innovative business solutions in the market environment.         /* Style Definitions */
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Hot air leveling (HAL) process is the important final treatment during the PCB (printed circuit boards) producing process. However, with the reducing in size or increasing in complexity of the printed circuit boards and the need of environment protection, the application of HAL process has been limited. Some substituent processes has been created therefrom. Among them, the tin and tin alloy electroless plating process is the most promising one that will displace HAL process.


Turbocharger compressor design is a major challenge for performance improvement of turbocharged internal combustion engines. This paper presents a multi-point design methodology for turbocharger centrifugal compressors. In this approach, several design operating condition points of turbocharger compressor are considered according to total engine system requirements, instead of one single operating point for traditional design method. Different compressor geometric parameters are selected and investigated at multi-point operating conditions for the flow-solutions of different design objectives. The method has been applied with success to a small centrifugal compressor design of a turbocharged gasoline engine. The results show that the consideration of several operating points is essential to improve the aerodynamic behavior for the whole working range. The isentropic efficiency has been increased by more than 5% at part-load conditions while maintaining the pressure ratio and flow range at full-load conditions of the gasoline engine.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Simple Summary Sugarcane, an important cash crop in Malawi, is susceptible to numerous insect pests, and many farmers rely heavily on chemical insecticides for their control. Biopesticides containing insect pathogens are used in several countries outside Malawi; however, the occurrence and use of insect pathogens is limited in Malawi. In this study, we evaluated the natural occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil samples from sugarcane fields in Chikwawa District, southern Malawi. Insect pathogenic fungi from soil were isolated by baiting using larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). Insect pathogenic fungi were also isolated from surface-sterilized sugarcane leaves, stems, and roots. We found three types of insect pathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium spp., and Isaria spp. Beauveria bassiana and Isaria spp. were found mostly from sugarcane leaves and stems, while Metarhizium spp. was mainly found in soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bassiana and Isaria spp. occurring naturally as endophytes in sugarcane. Further, it is the first report of B. bassiana, Isaria spp. and Metarhizium spp. in the soil of sugarcane fields in Africa. Abstract The natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungal endophytes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil samples from sugarcane fields was evaluated in Chikwawa District, southern Malawi. Fungi from soil were isolated by baiting using Galleria mellonella larva. Fungal endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissue sections. Forty-seven isolates resembled the genus Beauveria, 9 isolates were Metarhizium, and 20 isolates were Isaria. There was no significant difference in the number and type of fungal isolates collected from soil and from plant tissue. There was, however, a significant difference in the part of the plant where fungal species were isolated, which fungal species were isolated, and the number of fungal species isolated at each location. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 Beauveria isolates based on DNA sequencing of the Bloc intergenic region indicated that these isolates all belonged to B. bassiana and aligned with sequences of B. bassiana isolates of African and Neotropical origin. The Malawian B. bassiana isolates formed a distinct clade. No larvae died from infestation by multiple fungi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bassiana and Isaria spp. occurring naturally as endophytes in sugarcane. Further, it is the first report of B. bassiana, Isaria spp., and Metarhizium spp. in the soil of sugarcane fields in Africa.


For more than 50 years The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has employed media as a tool for extending the institution's mission. Today's digital technology encourages institutions to reach out beyond their customary boundaries. But how does that new technology impact the institution and its mission? This description of Colonial Williamsburg's The Idea of America, a new high school curriculum project, offers a glimpse of what that potential might be.


What is the central question of this study? It remains to be determined whether type 2 diabetes attenuates muscarinic and nicotinic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating as well as purinergic cutaneous vasodilatation. What is the main finding and its importance? We show that type 2 diabetes specifically attenuates purinergic cutaneous vasodilatation without influencing muscarinic and nicotinic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating. Our results provide valuable new information regarding the receptor‐specific influence of type 2 diabetes on microvascular and sudomotor function.


Abstract It has been observed that the number density of etch pits resulting from spontaneous or induced fission within a solid state track detector (SSTD) is a function of the duration of etching, other conditions being constant. As the etching proceeds, the net number of etch pits observed per unit area continues to increase. This necessitates a modification of the conventional equations governing the observed etch-pit densities in SSTD. A prolonged etching factor f(t) is defined, and its value measured as a function of time under various specific etching conditions, in a number of materials of interest, including 'reference glass'. Furthermore, the theoretical relationship of this factor with the general velocity of etching in a given material, and with the average range R of fission fragments in it, is utilized in deriving self-consistent and very satisfactory values of R in the above-mentioned materials.


Introduction: The magnitude in which climate change will influence regional air quality will depend largely on the resulting impacts on local meteorological conditions. Additionally, changing patterns of atmospheric circulation at the hemispheric to global level are likely to be just as important as regional patterns for future local air quality. In order to assess these likely impacts air quality managers must first understand the current impacts of meteorological regimes on local air quality.


Reclamation intensity index(RII) is the proportion of reclamation area in the entire area of a bay,indicating the intensity of development by reclamation. In order to discuss the cumulative effects of reclamation on environment,by the citation of assessment results of numerical modeling and environment research, this research took the reclamation plan in Meizhou Bay as an example.Through correlation analysis,it was found that between RII and the comprehensive assessment parameters(E recl) there was a negative correlation relationship. It was then pointed out that RII can be regarded as a restrictive indicator for sea reclamation in a bay,thus to be applied to environmental assessment and controlling the scale of a sea reclamation project.


The paper investigates the dynamic behaviour of stiffened panels. The coupled differential equations for eccentric stiffening configuration are first derived. Then a semi-analytical procedure for dynamic analysis of stiffened panels is presented. Unlike finite element or finite strip methods, where the plate is discretized into a set of elements or strips, the plate in this procedure is treated as a single element. The potential energy of the structure is first expressed in terms generalized functions that describe the longitudinal and transverse displacement profiles. The resulting non-linear strain energy functions are then transformed into unconstrained optimization problem in which mathematical programming techniques are employed to determine the magnitude of the lowest natural frequency and the associated mode shape for pre-selected plate/stiffener geometric parameters. The described procedure is verified with other numerical methods for several stiffened panels. Results are then presented showing the variation of the natural frequency with plate/stiffener geometric parameters for various stiffening configurations.


College students are special groups of population.Their group behaviors are characteristic of accidentalness and control losing,and have psychological features of imitating and being affected.The development of these behaviors can be divided into four stages:brewing,rising,bursting and subsiding.Group behaviors can be controlled by means of cognition correcting,emotion changing and example setting.


For the first time in Russia, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) has initiated and is working on the creation of nomenclatural standards of domestic cultivars. The nomenclatural standard confirms the originality of the cultivar and protects the copyright of its creators. The article presents the nomenclatural standards of 8 black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) varieties bred at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station, that are undergoing State variety testing: Ataman (WIR-54113), Viktorina (WIR-54116), Voevoda (WIR-54117), Dobrokhot (WIR-54120), Kornet (WIR-54124), Mushketer (WIR-54126), Napev Uralskiy (WIR-54135), Staratel (WIR-54130). Herbarium samples the plant material for which has been selected directly by the author of these varieties in the collection of the originator organization are taken as nomenclature standards. In addition to the description and photos of the nomenclature standards, the distinctive taxonomic and economically valuable features of each variety are given. The created nomenclature standards in the amount of 14 herbarium samples are made in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the database "VIR Herbarium" and included to the type collection of the Herbarium of cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR).


1. The reaction to the AFT's report on charter school scores 2. Can the 'dust-up' lead to a new consensus in education research and policy? 3. Problems with the critiques of the NAEP report by charter school supporters 4. Are charter school students more disadvantaged than regular public school students, and does this explain charter schools' unexpectedly low NAEP scores? 5. What we know about relative charter and regular public school student achievement 6. The philosophy of charter schools 7. Conclusion Appendix A. Using different standards for evaluating charter and regular public schools Appendix B. Alternative presentations of NAEP charter school demographic data.


Objective
:To compare efficacy and safety of a biosimilar, Bevacizumab (Hetero) vs reference medicinal product (Bevacizumab, Roche) as first line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in combination with chemotherapy.

Methods
Patients of aged 18 to 65 with histologically pre-confirmed mCRC and treatment naïve with unresectable metastatic disease or distant metastases were enrolled and randomized to receive either Hetero-Bevacizumab or RMPBevacizumab along with chemotherapy (XELOX or FOLFOX-4) regimen over a period of 24 weeks (up to 8 cycles of Hetero-Bevacizumab/RMP-Bevacizumab+ XELOX regimen (each cycle of 3 weeks) or up to 12 cycles of Hetero-Bevacizumab/ RMP-Bevacizumab + FOLFOX-4 regimen (each cycle of 2 weeks). Bevacizumab was administered at 7.5 mg/kg as an IV infusion over 60-90 minutes on Day 1 of each treatment cycle. The efficacy endpoints were the overall response rate (CR+PR) and disease control rate (DCR) according to RECIST 1.1. The safety endpoints included assessments of treatment emergent adverse events and immunogenicity.

Results
160 patients were screened; 111 patients were randomized in the study. No statistical significant difference in overall response rate between both the treatment groups (HB-MAB vs. RB-MAB: 35.56 % vs. 20%, P=0.28 at Week 6; 37.50 % vs. 30.77 %, P=0.73 at Week 12). Similar trend was observed for disease control rate (HB-MAB vs. RB-MAB: 100% vs. 96%, P=0.36 at Week 6; 95.83 vs. 100%, P=1.00 at Week 12).

Conclusions
Herero's Bevacizumab was found to be comparable to reference medical product, Bevacizumab in terms of efficacy and tolerability for the Indian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.


While the concept of traumatic stress plays an intrinsic part in the diagnosis and treatment of adult incest survivors, the developmental framework within which the victimization has occurred may be overlooked. This paper presents a treatment model that integrates theories of post-traumatic stress and early environmental trauma. A profile of women incest survivors is given and an overview of treatment strategies utilizing the above theories is discussed.


The aqueous phase of cell walls in stems of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier de la Bâthie (apoplast) contained ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) were 0.31 ± 0.12 (SD, n = 4), whereas those of whole stems (tissues plus apoplast) were >0.9. The amounts of (AA + DHA) in the stems were 1970 ± 190 (SD, n = 4) nmol g−1 fresh weight and those in the apoplast were 14 ± 2 (SD, n = 4) nmol g−1 fresh weight of stems. Ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) differed in different tissues of the stems. The ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) of apoplast plus symplast were in the following order: pith ⋍ epidermis plus cortex > vascular bundle system, and those of apoplast were: pith > epidermis plus cortex > vascular bundle system. Ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) in the apoplast of the different tissues decreased to about 1/3 of the original values after wounding, while the amounts of (AA + DHA) remained largely unaffected. In contrast, soluble apoplastic peroxidase activities increased 30- to 70-fold on wounding. Hydrogen peroxide infiltrated into stems caused a rapid oxidation of AA. Coniferyl alcohol was oxidized by peroxidase in intercellular washing fluid and by cell wall-bound peroxidase. The oxidation of coniferyl alcohol by peroxidase in intercellular washing fluid was completely inhibited as long as AA was present in reaction mixtures. The oxidation of the coniferyl alcohol by cell wall-bound peroxidase was partially inihibited by AA and the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of AA. The possible functions of AA in the apoplast are discussed in relation to the control of peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenolics.


Study Design. This study is a case report. Objective. To report a case of a patient with paraplegia and low back pain, who was diagnosed with acute infrarenal aortic thrombosis. Summary of Background Data. There have been few reports in the literature regarding acute aortic thrombosis presenting with paraplegia. Methods. A 56-year-old man was referred to our emergency department with flaccid paraplegia and low back pain. Clinical examination and imaging revealed acute infrarenal aortic thrombosis, with lower limb ischemia. The patient underwent transcutaneous embolectomy. Results. Despite successful revascularization, the patient finally died because of development of revascularization syndrome. Conclusion. Acute aortic occlusion is a catastrophic event and may present with paraplegia, because of acute spinal cord ischemia. This can mislead the clinician to a wrong diagnosis and delay initiation of definite treatment.


Basically, two types of approaches are currently being developed for tooth engineering. The first one consists in the engineering of dental constituents, such as the periodontium, the pulp/dentin, or the enamel/dentin complexes (Duan et al., 2011; Honda et al., 2009; Huang, 2009; Park et al., 2010). In parallel with these experiments of tissue engineering, attempts are also made to reconstruct a whole tooth (Arany et al., 2009; Honda et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2006a; Komine et al., 2007; Nakao et al., 2007; Ohazama et al., 2004). Most of this chapter will consider the second goal, and only use data from tooth tissue engineering, when they bring information about the cellular or molecular mechanisms that are involved and/or about the specific constraints, which they may illustrate. Few groups are interested in a biomimetic approach to engineer a whole tooth, including crown, roots, and periodontium by using cultured cell-cell re-associations and trying to recapitulate the successive steps of tooth development (Arany et al., 2009; Honda et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2006a; Nakao et al., 2007; Ohazama et al., 2004). Specific questions arising from this research concern the experimental design, and the search for easily available cell sources. The panel of approaches is progressively restricted by two types of biological constraints: those specifically related to tooth functionality and those related to more general biological aspects such as the maintenance of the cell heterogeneity in the dental mesenchyme and in the periodontium, keeping the gradients of cell differentiation and their 3D-geometry, or the maintenance of the cell kinetic parameters to ensure the differential cusp timing and growth. These complementary points will be discussed in light of parallel approaches being developed by different groups.


The substitution theorem is proved by a new method different from teaching reference books. In the meantime a practical method of substitution is presented. A method to find out the base of intersection of two subspaces is given and proved theoretically, where the subspaces are generated by two groups of vectors respectively.


Nagari Jawi-Jawi is one area that has a very rich artistic, cultural and literary potential. This is evidenced by the stretching of the activities of cultural arts centers which are held almost every month. To become a developed Cultural Village and tourism destination, there should be attention from the local government, universities, and the private sector to develop its potential. The target to be achieved from the implementation of this program for the people of Nagari Jawi-Jawi, is Services and Training. The approach to help partners, in this case Nagari Jawi Jawi in the effort to be Cultural Village, is conducted in form of counseling and training carried out by the method of lecture and demonstration.


This paper aims at studying Sakagami and Hata predictions models, in order to choose the most adapted model to our cellular network. To this end, it is necessary to perform measurements of the attenuation of the received signal for a given emitted power, and to compare the results given by the models. The difference between Sakagami and Hata predicted model with real path loss is respectively, 20 and 45 dB. Sakagami model showed therefore, the most adapted model for the case of Rabat city. In order to minimise the error between real and predicted path loss, we adapt the Sakagami model to our constraints. So we have satisfactory results with a reduction of error from 20 to 4 dB.


The SNIFFPHONE device is a portable multichannel gas sensor, aiming to detect gastric cancer (GC) from breath samples. It employs gold nanoparticle (GNP) sensors reacting to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath, a non-invasive technique to support early diagnosis. This study evaluates the repeatability of the SNIFFPHONE classification result for measurements conducted on healthy subjects over a short period of time of less than 10 minutes. Due to the portable nature of the device, repeatability is studied with respect to varying measurement location. We find the classification results repeatable with a statistically significant 81 % Pearson correlation coefficient, even though the raw sensor responses are not concluded repeatable.


Pressure measurement is becoming recognised as a clinically useful method of analysis of foot problems. The number of centres using the pedobarograph to do this is increasing. There are no established standards with which to compare patients recordings and analysis depends largely upon the experience of the operator and the clinician in the interpretation of results. The author has used this equipment in both its simple and computerized forms over a period of several years. A technique of studying the results has evolved. This is described with examples recorded on the pedobarograph using the Sheffield system of computerized analysis. 1


The integration of information technologies with biology is considered, enabling specialists to further study the subject area. The object of the study is the identification of the information structure and parameters of Insects Orthoptera of Uzbekistan. For this purpose, an information and identification software complex were created and the analysis of the variety of orthoptera having a certain internal structure and, accordingly, the formed structure of the relational database of the Insecta Orthoptera species was carried out. At the same time, attention will also be paid to the study of a number of scientific issues, one way or another related to the algebraic approach in pattern recognition, such as the choice of optimization procedures for algebraization of algorithms, the formation of a training sample of biological objects, etc.there Are also some problems due to the heterogeneity of data on the erect insects of Uzbekistan (Insecta Orthoptera) as biological objects. In such cases, there is a need to improve the existing algorithmic base.


Experiments were conducted to assess differential sensitivity to acoustic signal duration under various combinations of reference duration, sensation level, and signal frequency, and to determine whether hearing impairment, ostensibly due to cochlear pathology, affects such discrimination. The absolute DL (difference limen) was linear as a function of reference duration at both 10 dB and 50 dB sensation levels in normal subjects and in those with presumed cochlear pathology. When a 10 dB SL signal was used, the mean absolute DL increased at the rate of 2.63 msec per 100-msec increase in reference duration. A concomitant increase of 2.38 msec per 100-msec increase in reference duration was observed when a 50 db SL signal was employed. Neither the signal frequency nor the presence of sensorineural hearing loss affected the duration DL, whereas a sensation level effect was exhibited by both types of subject. A smaller limen was obtained at 50 dB SL than at 10 dB SL.


The existing monitoring technologies of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) face many problems, such as invasion discomfort and privacy security. Aiming at these problems, non-contact microphone array technology is utilized in this work. Firstly, two microphones on both sides of the bedhead are used to synchronously acquire the snoring signals of the patient all night. Secondly, the high-band energy ratio (HER) and spatial cross-correlation deviation (SCCD) between the two array element channels are proposed as the spatial propagation features of snoring. Thirdly, the supine and lateral positions are indirectly recognized by the head orientation classification through unsupervised clustering, which provides a new feasible idea for the detection of sleep body positions.


This paper presents an application of new discrete path integral solutions recently introduced for Fokker-Planck dynamics with the aim to compare their relative efficacy in giving precise numerical results. The basic idea used in the derivation of these solutions is to model a complex Fokker-Planck equation with a general drift coefficient by a linear (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) process, which is solved exactly, and to then employ an iterative technique to quantify what is missing from the reference description. We reexamine and analyze two different approaches to realize the above strategy. These are an operator decoupling technique and a power series expansion method. Both approaches allow one to construct higher-order propagators valid to any desired precision in a time increment $\ensuremath{\tau}$. Their use in a path integral means that many fewer time steps $N$ are required to achieve a given accuracy for a given net increment $t=N\ensuremath{\tau}$. Our comparison also includes results from standard path integral representations. The relative efficacy of the various different methods is illustrated by means of two problems, namely, the dynamics of an overdamped Brownian particle in a potential field and the Kramers model of chemical reaction. The former process can be modeled by a one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation for the position coordinate only, while the latter is governed by a two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation where the relaxation over velocity is taken into account. The numerical applications clearly demonstrate that the new representations are superior in the sense that they yield much more accurate results with less computational effort than the best alternative path integral method now in use.


Background Profound hypotension during cesarean section can compromise fetal circulation and cause cardiac arrest in the parturients. We compared the incidence of hypotension, adequacy of anesthesia, and neonatal outcome using a height-adjusted and weight-adjusted dose and a fixed dose of 0.5% intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine. Patients and methods This was a randomized controlled double-blind trial involving 80 parturients aged 18–40 years scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. They were randomly allocated by blind balloting into one of two groups: group FD received 12 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, whereas group AD received a height-adjusted and weight-adjusted dose of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine according to Harten's chart. Parturients were preloaded with 10 ml/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride. Results The median dose of bupivacaine was significantly higher in group FD (12 mg) than group AD (9.5 mg) (P=0.001). The incidence of hypotension was significantly higher in group FD (60%) than in group AD (32.5%) (P=0.014). The median time to attain the maximal level of sensory block (T5) was significantly faster in group FD (10 min) than group AD (13 min) (P=0.021). The Apgar score and incidences of other complications were comparable between both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion It is concluded that a lower dose of bupivacaine was required to provide comparable sensory and motor block, with less incidence of hypotension when the bupivacaine dose was adjusted to the height and weight of parturients than when a fixed dose was used.


It is held in this article that,since the 20th century,especially in the last twenty years and over,steady enlargement of the folklore study's scope and object in the Chinese Foreign academic circles widens the realm of study,broadens the vision of study and carries the study of focklore to a new stage.But indefinite tendency of study objects also appears in the course of subject development,those are unfavorable to the construction of subjects.So,further defining the objects of study is the key tasks of folklore circle at present.The objects of study of folklore scholars should be three attitudes,the relationships between subject and object of study have three levels.


The authors put forward three methods in the flexible application of classical prescriptions in clinical practice.①Careful reading of the original works and mastering the essence is the basis of using and developing classical prescriptions; ②a deep study of ZHANG Zhong jing's thought in giving treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the key to a widened scope of application of the classical prescriptions; and (3) since classical prescriptions are characterized by less ingredients and variable dosage, it is advisable to increase the dosage in clinical practice.


Calibration is the process of estimating the optimal parameters for a model to accurately reflect the real system, using historical records of system data. The model calibration, however, is frequently limited by availability, quality, quantity and the nature of the ground observations. Lack of streamflow observations in the vast majority of the world, for example, constrains the calibration of hydrologic and land surface models. In this study, an attempt is made to calibrate a land surface model by using satellite retrievals of soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET), without relying on streamflow measurements. This paper examines the capability of using satellite measurements for the calibration of hydrologic/land surface models for ungauged locations. The Australian Water Resources Assessment Landscape model (AWRA-L) modified to have single hydrological response unit (HRU) per each grid cell is chosen, as a simple land surface model that requires minimum forcing variables. Initial parameters for the control case are generated based on the fraction of trees and the Budyko's dryness index. Microwave soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) and daily estimates of ET from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are adopted to calibrate a selection of the AWRA-L parameters. Shuffled complex evolution uncertainty algorithm (SCE-UA) is employed to perform local calibration at 25-km grid cell in the Kyeamba catchment, southeastern Australia. Multiple criteria objective function for calibration is selected based on the AWRA-L output behavior of evapotranspiration and soil moisture compared to respective remote measurements. It considers the bias and the correlation between observed and simulated evapotranspiration and the correlation between observed and simulated soil moisture. Calibration experiments are carried out in daily time step from 2003 to 2007 and validated from 2008 to 2010. The optimum parameters obtained are employed to calculate the monthly average runoff ratio and is evaluated against the runoff ratio derived from streamflow observations at Kyeamba catchment. The results show that the calibration of AWRA-L using remotely sensed evapotranspiration and soil moisture can improve the predictions of evapotranspiration and runoff. Validation conducted in a separate period also exhibit improvements in the prediction of evapotranspiration, whereas the improvement in soil moisture is trivial during both calibration and validation periods. The monthly runoff ratio estimated after calibration is improved compared to the runoff ratio in the control case. This indicates the potential of calibration with evapotranspiration and soil moisture in improving streamflow predictions. Further research is warranted to increase efficiency in prediction of runoff ratio, so that the calibration scheme can be applied in the regions with sparse or no gauging stations.


5066 Background: Intraperitoneal-containing chemotherapy has shown a survival advantage over intravenous chemotherapy for women with newly diagnosed optimally debulked epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. However, significant toxicity has limited its acceptance. In an effort to reduce toxicity, the Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted a Phase I study to evaluate the feasibility of day 1 intravenous (IV) paclitaxel and intraperitoneal (IP) cisplatin followed by day 8 IP paclitaxel on an every 21-day cycle.

METHODS
Patients with Stage IIB-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal carcinomas or carcinosarcoma received paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 IP on day 1 and paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 IP on day 8 of a 21 day cycle with 6 cycles planned. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as febrile neutropenia or dose-delay of greater than 2 weeks due to failure to recover counts, or grade 3-5 non-hematologic toxicity occurring within the first 4 cycles of treatment.

RESULTS
Twenty of 23 patients enrolled were evaluable and nineteen (95%) completed all six cycles of therapy. Three patients experienced a DLT consisting of infection with normal absolute neutrophil count, grade 3 hyperglycemia, and grade 4 abdominal pain. Response was noted in one of nine (11%) patients with measurable disease, with stable disease in an additional four. Using GCIG criteria for CA-125 analysis, eighteen patients were evaluable and of these, 12 (67%) had a full response and 2 (11%) had a partial response for an overall response rate of 78%.

CONCLUSIONS
This modified IP regimen which administers both IV paclitaxel and IP cisplatin on day one, followed by IP paclitaxel on day eight, of a twenty-one day cycle appears feasible and is an attractive alternative to the intraperitoneal treatment regimen administered in GOG-0172.


This paper deals with a real-time capable accurate 3D ultra-wideband radar imaging algorithm for complex shaped 3D objects including edges and corners. A well known wavefront based imaging algorithm is adapted to the bi-static 3D scenario which is, in contrast to the popular migration based algorithms, real-time capable and directly gathers the object contour coordinates. In order to reconstruct a accurate 3D object contour, the commonly proposed planar scan track (i.e. the planar aperture) of the antennas is modified and extended to a spatial scanning track with a circumnavigation of the object. To provide a more diverse radar signature the monostatic antenna configuration is extended to a bistatic configuration. Hence, the shape of the radiating wavefront is no longer spherical but ellipsoidal. Consequently, to ensure the super-resolution accuracy, the intersection point of 3 arbitrarily oriented and shifted ellipsoids in the 3 dimensional Euclidean space has to be determined. An iterative solution will be presented which utilizes the Gauss-Newton method to obtain a fast converging estimation with negligible error in the least-square sense. An experimental validation is carried out based on complex test objects with small shape variations relative to the used wavelength, an pseudo noise radar device (from 4.5 GHz to 13.5 GHz) and two tapered slot line Vivaldi antennas.


THE at its AWWA annual meeting Board in of New Directors, York at its annual meeting in New York in January 1968, approved the final report of AWWA Task Force 2640 P, now the Committee on Water Quality Goals. (The report appears in this issue.) This action by the Board gives official recognition to quality goals in the chemical, physical, bacterial, and radiological characteristics of drinking water sorely needed to direct the water industry toward its objective of better service to the public. This step was taken by the Board after more than ten years of effort and promotion by those interested in quality water. The officers and members of the Water Quality Division of AWWA are to be especially complimented for carrying the program forward first, by giving official approval of the division to the program and, second, by setting up Task Force 2640 P to determine what the quality goals should be. Among those who contributed much to the advancement of the quality goals program were George E. Symons, chairman of the Water Quality Division, who carefully managed the program to secure approval and established the task force; Elwood L. Bean, chairman of the task force ; and its members E. Robert Baumann, George W. Burke Jr., Herbert O. Hartung, Herbert E. Hudson, Harry P. Kramer, Kenneth J. Miller, Robert L. Morris, W. K. Wright, and Richard L. Woodward. These men


ML Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions for ICSE Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations in One Variable Ex 5.1 ML Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions for ICSE Maths Chapter ...


This article discusses the action-oriented foundations of TRADILEX (Audiovisual Translation as a Didactic Resource in Foreign Language Education), a project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, which involves researchers from twelve universities across Europe and the UK. This project focuses on the improvement in the linguistic skills perceived through audiovisual translation (AVT) practices such as the use of captioning (i.e., interlingual and intralingual subtitling) and revoicing (i.e., dubbing, voice-over, and audio description) through an action-oriented approach (AoA). The ultimate objective is the study of AVT as a means to enhance learners' communicative competence and reception, production, and mediation skills in an integrated manner. Following the design of a methodological proposal for a didactic sequence of AVT tasks, proposals are currently being piloted with B1 and B2 adult learners of English as a foreign language utilising – and adapting – the recent illustrative descriptors (Council of Europe, 2018) for AVT instruction. The potential benefits of action-oriented AVT tasks in foreign language education (FLE), in which foreign-language learners become active producers of AVT work, are put to the test employing empirical inquiry and thereafter advocating for more comprehensive integration of AVT in the FLE curriculum overall.


The mechanical behavior research on double tower connected structure under earthquake action is more and more important gradually with wide application of high-rise building connected structures in the engineering field. Structure stress and deformation become extremely complicated due to connected structure, thereby the paper adopts two kinds of different analysis software for simulation of simplified model and system comparative analysis on a project example of one double tower connected structure, single tower separate calculation and double tower connected integral calculation are respectively conducted, structure dynamic features under the earthquake action is comparatively analyzed, the influence of connected structure on tower integral structure vibration mode, displacement and period is analyzed, thereby obtaining some conclusions beneficial for project design as references.


In this paper feedback allocation of interference channels using multi-cell coordinated beamforming is studied. By fixing the total feedback budget as constant, the proposed interference grading threshold scheme adaptively allocating the feedback bits between inter-user interference and inter-cell interference. The individual feedback bits of inter-user and inter-cell interference are calculated by employing interference grading. A new iterative algorithm is proposed to find the total residual feedback bits. The proposed feedback allocation in interfering broadcast and time varying channels are numerically evaluated and it is found that the proposed method performs comparatively better than other counterparts.


Confucian values form the core of the Chinese culture, penetrating all levels of social life, and also set
the standards for family, community and political behavior. The teaching of values is deemed to be an
important aspect of young children's education and usually the responsibility for this is seen to rest with
the family. Much interest has been generated recently on the teaching of core values in early childhood
curriculum in order to encourage tolerance, acceptance, trust, openness, and honesty in children.
Research on Confucianism is popularly conducted in different cultural contexts all over the world.
Furthermore research has shown that Confucianism continues to exert a major influence on the everyday
lives of Asian communities. Given the interest in Confucian values, this research study was designed to
examine the expressed views of three cohorts of professionals in Hong Kong about the preservation of
such values and their application to early childhood teaching. This study confirmed the view that there is
a need to preserve cultural values to enable the child to be accepted in the society, especially with the
value of 'Ren' helping one to learn how to interact with others and with the value of 'Li' further defining
the appropriate behaviour in this interaction.


Glyceryl triacetate was synthesized from glacial acetic acid and glycerol by using H2SO4-K2Cr2O7 modified activated carbon as catalyst.The best synthesis condition of glycerol triacetate was investigated.The experiment results show that the optimum reaction conditions are as follows: molar ratio of glacial acetic acid to glycerol is 1:5.5,dosage of H2SO4-K2Cr2O7 modified activated carbon as catalyst is 2.5%,reaction temperature is 130 ℃,reaction time is 2 h,dosage of toluene as water-carrying agent is 20 mL.Under above conditions,esterification yield can reach to 91.5%,and the catalyst can be reused.


With the development of the remote sensing technology,more and more remote sensing image data which are different in the time and space frequency will be applied to various fields of engineering.The pattern recognition of remote sensing imagery is becoming a very important research direction in the remote sensing image processing areas.Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) is a neural network to imitate animal behavior,which is the distributed parallel processing algorithms mathematical model.This network relies on the complexity of the system,by adjusting the internal connection between a large number of nodes,in order to achieve the purpose of dealing with information.Remote sensing based on neural network image recognition is the focus of the remote sensing image processing research in these years.First of all,this thesis introduces the basic theory of artificial neural networks and the pattern recognition,and uses the artificial neural network toolbox in the Matlab environment for the high spatial resolution remote sensing image recognition.