Compound semiconductors especially from II-VI and II-V families proved to be prospective candidates for integration of electronic, optical, magnetic and data storage properties on a chip for last three decades [1]. Ever increasing demands of high frequency, high field, high speed and smaller size devices always inspired curious minds to explore new materials. The production of atomically thick layer of graphene in 2004 opened a new chapter in the field of device grade materials. It offers extremely high electron mobility for electronics, ultrafast photonics, very large thermal conductivity and exceptional mechanical properties for applications in versatile areas including spintronics, photovoltiacs, biological and energy applications [2]. However, absence of band gap limits its applications in several electronic and optoelectronic devices which motivated the community to search for its alternate materials. The search while going beyond graphene giving birth to several two dimensional (2D) materials out of which transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) earned extensive research interest. These are layered semiconducting materials, having MX2 type with M=Mo/W and X=S/Se/Te, and shown promise as potential candidates for electronic, optoelectronics, spintronics and newly emerging field of valleytronics [3]. MoS2 is prototype among TMDs which offers excellent device properties in addition to several other applications like lubricant, water splitting, catalysis etc. Our research group is studying electronic, optical and magnetic properties related to MoS2 using first principles calculations to explore its potentials for future applications. We employ two different schemes; plane wave and linear combination of atomic orbital implemented in VASP and ADF respectively. In order to simulate MoS2 in bulk and 2D, we studied several configurations using different c-axis lengths and interlayer separations to investigate equilibrium structure. The calculations were carried out using exchange correlation functional of generalized gradient approximation (GGA) including parameterization of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE). The structure file having single unit cell with initial lattice parameters of a=b=3.169Å and c=12.224 Å in hexagonal symmetry was chosen. The potentials for atoms were selected under frozen


Yet the high surtaxes would be pretty rough on persons taxed on corporate income which they had 110 effective means of getting hold of. The possibility of such hardship was present in the tax on stock dividends. It was referred to by Mr. Justice Brandeis and confessedly influenced the majority., If Congress should treat stockholders generally as it treats stockholders of personal-service corporations, there might be question whether the threatened hardship should not be prevented by saying that the corporate entity could not be disregarded so as to impose oppressive burdens. Such a question is not likely to arise. It is too convenient for the most


In a number of recent cases, litigants have argued that states have the authority to disregard prior parentage adjudications when those determinations violate the forum's law and policy on lesbian and gay parenting. The Article offers two contributions to the analysis of these interstate parentage cases. The first contribution is doctrinal. Drawing upon recent legal scholarship about interstate recognition of adoption judgments, the Article demonstrates that other forms of parentage adjudications, including those made in the context of otherwise modifiable orders such as child custody and support orders, are entitled to exacting respect under the Full Faith and Credit Clause. The second contribution is normative. Thus far, the scholarship on these interstate parentage cases has been limited largely to consideration of their implications for other same-sex parent families. Lesbian and gay parenting is not, however, the only area of parentage law where the states have adopted widely divergent rules based on moral or policy concerns. To the contrary, parentage has become an increasingly contested area of law. This Article seeks to fill the gap in the literature by considering the potential ripple effects of these same-sex parent cases in two other areas of parentage law - surrogacy and paternity disestablishment.


This article describes the development of an effective, reliable secondary treatment system for shipboard oily wastewater. The need for secondary treatment was identified on newer "dry bilge" ships producing less bilgewater with higher concentrations of emulsified oil than older ships. Secondary treatment uses ultrafiltration (UF) membranes incorporating Open Systems Architecture (OSA) to accommodate membranes from several suppliers. This approach enhances competition while facilitating future technology insertion to reduce system cost and improve system performance.

The process for developing the oily wastewater secondary treatment system includes:

• Needs identification

• Treatment technology selection

• Initial market survey; selection of representative membranes

• Interface requirements development

• Performance and testing requirements

• Small-scale testing and validation of performance requirements

• Technical specification development

• Full-scale prototype design and validation testing

• Full-scale systems procurement

• New technology

While we have focused on secondary treatment systems operating at 6.7, 10, and 50 gal/min, the technology can be scaled to other flow rates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A unique synthesis of a well-defined block copolymer having
alternating maleic anhydride(MAn)/styrene(St) segments and PSt segments was
achieved via radical addition–fragmentation chain transfer
(RAFT) copolymerization and the self-assembly aggregating behavior of its
hydrolyzed amphiphilic product in water was demonstrated.


A known depressive patient was admitted to the Psychiatric Block on 6.11.61, having attempted to swallow HC1 (approximately 2 oz.) on 5.11.61. Mouth burns were not noted but oesophageal pain was present. On the night of IQ.II.6I he retched, producing a cast of his cesophagus which could be seen on indirect examination to come from behind the larynx, which itself was normal. CEsophagoscopy was performed. The oesophagus was raw and bleeding; the lower end of the cesophagus was detached from the posterior wall. The complete cast itself measures 30 cms. Three small nicks can be seen in the specimen (which is in the Royal College of Surgeons' Museum), these were cut with scissors prior to oesophagoscopy. Fig. 1. A cervical cesophagostomy was done and a stomach tube passed into the stomach so as to continue feeding through the tube. During his post-operative period the patient developed mediastinal and pleural effusion, which subsided within a week. Endoscopy on ig.1.62 revealed thin stricture above the level of oesophagostomy, which was dilated. The rest of the cesophagus was ragged and raw, and bled easily on touch. The rubber tube was removed and a smaller stomach tube was passed through the nose and the cesophagostomy opening was allowed to close by itself. Further endoscopic examinations on g.2.62 and g.3.62 showed concentric stricture just above the crico-pharyngeus, wide enough to allow the passage of an adult bronchoscope. The thoracic cesophagus was found to be a narrow rigid tube with only a thin lining of mucous membrane, which stripped easily leaving a bleeding surface. Biopsy of the mucous membrane showed "Chronic inflammation of granulation tissue". In the intervals between the endoscopies the patient was introducing gum elastic bougies (size 22) so as to keep the stricture in the cervical cesophagus


How to suppress Gauss white noise that is inside the pass band of Pseudo-random code phase-modulation and pulse-doppler combined fuze is studied. According to the characteristic that Gauss white noise is stochastic, noise can be suppressed through getting the average of echo signals in several pseudo-random code cycles. The simulation results show that the ratio of maximal side lobe and main lobe of the combined fuze's correlation output is reduced evidently, and the ability of suppressing noise become stronger as the number of pseudo-random code cycles added become bigger, then through overlapping addition and get the average of echo signals in several pseudo-random code cycles, Gauss white noise can be suppressed evidently.


Introduction: The diaphragm muscle (DIAm) contains a mixed motor units population, with FInt and FF units (comprising type IIx and/or IIb muscle fibers) vulnerable to sarcopenia - age-associated reductions of specific force and cross-sectional area (CSA). Fatigue-resistant S and FR units (comprising type I and IIa fibers) are relatively spared. There is controversy as to whether aging confers an enhanced resistance to DIAm fatigue, with interpretations relying on relative measurements of force. Objective: To quantify differences in fatigue resistance between young (6-months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats, taking into account maximum specific forces. Material and Methods: We assessed the loss of DIAm force in young and old Fischer 344 rats of both sexes at 10, 40 and 75 Hz stimulation in 330 ms duration trains repeated each s (33% duty cycle) across a 2 min period. Results: Although the initial specific force of the DIAm was lower in older rats across all stimulation frequencies, the final residual DIAm specific force after 2 min of stimulation was the same (~5 N/cm 2 ) at all ages. These relative values gave the misconception of an improved fatigue resistance, especially at 40 and 75 Hz. We also found that aging is associated with an increase in the relative contributions of type I and IIa fiber CSA to DIAm mass with decreased contributions of type IIx and/or IIb fibers. When these changing contributions are factored into a fiber type-specific model of DIAm force generation, we found that ventilatory behaviors require activation of only type I and IIa fibers, regardless of age or fatigue. By contrast, the model predicts that aging impairs the ability of the DIAm to effectively perform expulsive manoeuvres, even in the non-fatigued condition. Conclusions: Relative fatigue measurements are not indicative of improved fatigue resistance in aging and are an artifact of reduced initial specific force contributions from FInt and FF units. These results are consistent with previous studies showing the relative vulnerability of FInt and FF units and conserved ventilatory behaviors in aging DIAm. Keywords: Diaphragm muscle, muscle fatigue resistance, age. rats, ventilatory behaviors,


We study the deformations of harmonic maps $f$, twisted by a representation. After constructing a "universal" twisted harmonic map, we give a construction of every first order deformation of $f$ in terms of Hodge theory; we apply this result to the moduli space of the reductive representations of a Kahler group, to prove that critical points of the energy function $E$ coincide with the monodromy representations of complex variations of Hodge structure. Then, we analyze second order deformations of $f$ and give a method for constructing them. Applying these results to the energy functional as we did above, we prove (for every finitely presented group) that the energy functional is strictly pluri sub-harmonic on the moduli space of representations. Assuming again that the group is Kahler, we study the eigenvalues of the Hessian of $E$ at critical points.


Access to quality tree seedlings is an essential component of a successful hardwood reforestation project. Hardwood plantations may be established by sowing seed directly to a field site, but the success of direct seeding operations has been inconsistent for many species, which indicates that more research is needed before this practice can be recommended. For that reason, the vast majority of hardwood plantations in the Central Hardwood Region are established using seedlings grown in nurseries. Production of quality seedlings that are likely to survive and grow well following field planting depends on proper coordination of a sequence of steps. Failure to pay attention to necessary details of any of these steps may result in poor-quality seedlings that limit reforestation success. This paper will provide the seedling user with a general overview of steps required to produce high quality hardwood seedlings. This publication will not serve as a guide for the nursery production manager, but should convey knowledge necessary for the hardwood seedling buyer to properly communicate with nursery personnel to ensure delivery of quality seedlings.


Research objects and research outcomes are proposed to act as a guide to select a proper research method. We, however, recommend that the research question as the essential factor of the research process should guide selection. Based on this idea we here develop taxonomy of research approaches with six categories. Taxonomy is then compared with three other classifications of research methods by using the comprehensiveness, parsimony and usefulness criteria.


In light of the crucial role public diplomacy plays in shaping perspectives around the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, this research paper assesses the Palestinian public diplomacy practised by both governmental and non-governmental actors. The article firstly showcases public diplomacy in context and its importance for Palestinians. Then, the article sheds light on the most common characteristics of the Palestinian public diplomacy programmes. Finally, the paper discusses the drawbacks and challenges of improving public diplomacy, and suggests practical steps to improve Palestine's stand in the international realm.


Abstract A crystalline sample of organic-inorganic cation exchanger acrylamide aluminumtungstate has been synthesized. The material behaves as a mono-functional cation-exchanger with an ion–exchange capacity 1.25 meq/g for Na+ ions. The material has been characterized on the basis of thermal stability, chemical stability, FTIR, TGA-DTA, X-ray, and SEM studies. The effect of time and temperature on the distribution coefficient of metal ion was studied. It was concluded that 30°C appeared to be the most favorable temperature. Sorption behavior of the metal ions was studied in different solvent systems. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was found to be selective for Pb2+ ions. Its selectivity was examined by achieving some important binary separations like Mg2+-Pb2+, Hg2+-Pb2+, Ca2+-Pb2+ Zn2+-Pb2+, Ni2+-Pb2+, and Al3+-Pb2+. The practical applicability of the cation-exchanger was demonstrated in the separation of Pb2+ ions from a synthetic mixture.


The molecular structures of the first and second generation Sulflowers, Sulflower and Persulfurated Coronene (PSC), are remarkably similar: carbon ring structures decorated with sulfur atoms, without any additional moiety. However,...


Scientists are now seriously considering the possibility that organic matter from interstellar space could have influenced, or even spurred, the origin of life on Earth. Various aspects of chemical evolution are discussed along with possible extraterrestrial sources responsible for contributing to Earth's life-producing, chemical composition. Specific topics covered include the following: interstellar matter, molecular clouds, asteroid dust, organic molecules in our solar system, interplanetary dust and comets, meteoritic composition, and organic-rich solar-system bodies.


Objective. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for an objective assessment of the environmental safety of construction sites and development areas.Method. The study is based on a conceptual approach to assessing the environmental safety of construction sites and territories.Result. A methodology for assessing the environmental safety of construction objects is proposed; the criteria for assessing the development area are determined; methods for solving the problems of development of territories and their environmental safety are proposed. As a method of assessment, the coefficient "degree of real estate concentration" was developed and adopted. The concepts of "environmental reserve", "threshold of environmental safety", "sustainable state range" are introduced, which makes it possible to reliably assess the possibilities of territories for the placement of construction objects with different technogenic potential.Conclusion. It is necessary to legislate, as a mandatory procedure, the procedure for assessing the "degree of concentration of real estate" in administrative territories, especially when planning the construction of a housing stock under the renovation program, when allocating land for new construction, when assessing the environmental impact in the design and examination of construction projects.


Resultatives are very common in Chinese and almost all monosyllabic verbs denoting actions and monosyllabic adjectives denoting state changes can be resultatives.Like English resultatives,Chinese resultatives may or may not have an object.This paper,according to the transitivity of the predicate verbs,discusses the use of an object after the V-R strcture and discovers that the transitivity of a verb can not decide whether a V-R structure takes an object or not.Instead,it is decided by the whole V-R structure,that is,it is restricted cognitively and semantically.


The name of "crimes of acquiring loan,reputation from financial institution by fraud" actually closely reflects the facts about the crime and fully embodies them.It not only reveals the means of a crime,but also defines the target of a crime.Throughout the course of conduct,the actor takes the attitude of using funds rather than possessing them.Thereby,the word "use" better reflects the intent of legislation.Such crime infringes various law profits.It violates the Abstract law profit-the principle of honesty and trustworthiness.It violates the similar law profit-the regulation of financial reputation.It also violates the direct law profit-the right of financial institution to use funds and the security of credit funds.The amount of fines should be clear and perfect for areas eligible for criminal penalties configuration.


Published in: Frontiers in Pharmacology DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00574 Publication date: 2018 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Scavone, C., Sessa, M., Clementi, E., Rossi, F., & Capuano, A. (2018). Italian Immunization Goals: A Political or Scientific Heated Debate? Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 574. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00574


The fundamental kinetics of metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) related ternary compound-InAsP has been systematically investigated by analyzing selective area growth. The overall surface reaction rate constant (ks-overal) of indium species in this material system is successfully obtained, it shows a composition dependence in which ks-overall increases with the amount of P in InAs1-xPx. On the basis of binary kinetics of InAs and InP, ks-overall can be estimated from the linear combination of the surface reaction rate constant (ks) in the As site and the ks in the P site. Result shows that the linear estimation of ks-overall is consistent with experimental data, which indicates that the incorporations of indium species in the P and As sites should be almost independent of each other. These results revealed that the real surface process of the ternary material system provides significant information and fundamental concepts for further modeling of more complicated quaternary compounds, such as InGaAsP.


The invention discloses a method for progressively recognizing damaged cables and loads based on cable force monitoring. The method is based on cable force monitoring and includes the steps that whether a mechanical calculation reference model of a cable structure needs to be updated or not is determined by monitoring the temperature of the cable structure, the environment temperature, the change scope of loads and the damage degree of the damaged cables, a new mechanical calculation reference model of the cable structure is acquired, wherein the change scope of loads, the damage degree of the damaged cables and the temperature are included in the mechanical calculation reference model; non-inferior solutions of current nominal damage vectors of evaluated objects are calculated based on the model and according to the approximate linear relation between current numeric vectors of monitored quantities and current initial numeric vectors of the monitored quantities, the approximate linear relation between the current numeric vectors of the monitored quantities and unit damage numeric change matrixes of the monitored quantities and the approximate linear relation between the current numeric vectors of the monitored quantities and the current nominal damage vectors of the evaluated objects to be solved, and based on the non-inferior solutions, the influence of interference factors can be eliminated and the damaged cables and variation in loads can be recognized accurately when temperature changes.


After investigating the reports on Nux Vomica published in recent years,some researches of Nux Vomica on processing meth ods,chemical components,pharmacological and toxicological effects,and clinical application have been summarized in order to provide some reference for further study of Nux Vomica


ABSTRACT To determine the spatial distribution of rental stations and bikeways in a public bike system, this paper proposes a facility location and network design model. The model is developed as a multi-objective programing problem that considers four objectives (minimizing cyclist risk, maximizing cyclist comfort, minimizing adverse impacts on traffic and maximizing service coverage) and multiple constraints (monetary budget, network connectivity, station spacing, bikeway types, station number and value ranges of decision variables). The ε-constraint method solves the programing problem for the public bike system in Daan District, Taipei City, Taiwan. The nine non-dominated alternatives generated are all markedly better than existing locations of rental stations and bikeways. Scenario analysis results indicate that increasing the construction budget for bikeways significantly improves cyclist safety and comfort whilst increasing the adverse impact on traffic. Planners can use this model to develop public bike systems that spatially integrate rental stations and bikeway networks.


The influence of fluorine upon the annealing behavior at 450–500 °C of BF2+ implanted layers on silicon wafers was investigated by measurement of the sheet resistance, the carrier profile, and the crystallinity. The junction leakage current was also measured. Approximately one order of magnitude retardation in the average regrowth rate and lower electrical activation of implanted boron were observed in BF2+ implanted layers as compared with B+ implanted preamorphized layers. However, a leakage current level as low as 1.97×10−9 A/cm2 was measured, which is about three orders of magnitude less than reported in the literature. This result was obtained in the BF2+ implanted silicon p+n junction at an annealing temperature as low as 500 °C by employing ultraclean ion implantation techniques.


The purpose of this study is to describe the form of expressions "enak" (delicious) in Instagram social media and the function of using these forms. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form uninvolved conversation observation technique on the use of expressions "enak" on several Instagram accounts. The results obtained are (a) the form of "enak" expressions is in the form of standard expressions, religious sentences, prefixes ter- and se- in the form of slang, and hyperbolic expressions; (b) the function of using this form is to promote food products, create a contemporary impression, and provide a more concrete picture.


Diffraction of plane SV waves around an alluvial valley in layered half-space is studied using indirect boundary element method(IBEM).The solution is composed of free-field response and diffraction response.The free-field response can be solved by the direct stiffness method,and the diffraction response can be simulated by the Green's function of distributed load acting on an inclined line in a layered half space.The effect of the soil layer and the alluvial valley on the diffraction of plane SV waves is analyzed by taking the case of one layer over half-space as an example.The numerical results show that there exists distinct difference between the diffraction of SV plane waves around an alluvial valley in one layer over half-space and that in homogeneous half-space,due to the dynamic characteristics of one layer over half-space.


As one of the representatives of transition metal sulfides, Tungsten disulfide(WS2) inherits the characteristics of graphene such as high mobility, transparency and flexibility. At the same time, its wide band gap also makes up for the defect of graphene zero band gap, making it have a higher The switching characteristics of the device make it have a broader development prospect in the field of electronic devices. In this work, low-pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD) was used to prepare a dense few-layer WS2 film. At the same time, in order to understand the photoelectric performance of the grown WS2, a photodetector based on WS2 was fabricated and its photoelectric performance was studied. Here, the response time and dark current recovery time of the photodetector based on CVD WS2 is very fast (within 200ms). After illumination, dark current of the device is stable near 7.5e-11A. Upon Vds = 0.1v, the maximum responsivity of the optoelectronic device is 9mA/W, the maximum EQE is 3%, and the maximum On/Off ratio is 750. The photoelectric performance of the photodetector based on WS2 from high to low in different wavelength is 405nm, 660nm and 520nm. In addition to preparing photodetectors, this method of synthesizing dense WS2 film could pave the way for designing Large area humidity or gas sensor to study its humidity sensitive and gas sensitive performance.


Research Objective The objective of this research was (1) to gather information about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the nursing home workforce to better understand the challenges faced by nursing homes during the early phase of the outbreak, and (2) to identify new federal and state policies and practices that have been implemented to address these challenges in nursing homes. We sought to understand the challenges nursing homes faced during the early phase of the pandemic with regard to personal protective equipment (PPE), supplies for staff and infection‐control policies and procedures, as well as the ability to maintain sufficient staffing levels and manage staff turnover. Study Design We conducted telephone interviews with nine key stakeholders knowledgeable about nursing home responses to the pandemic. We also conducted a systematic policy review to document federal, state, and local laws and policies designed to support nursing homes during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a focus on workforce challenges. Population Studied Interview respondents included researchers and national association leaders representing the nursing home industry, direct care staff, and involved in long‐term care policy and practice. Principal Findings Staffing shortages and attrition due to the pandemic intensified nursing home workforce problems during the pandemic. In response to low pay, poor working conditions, and the high risk of COVID‐19 infection, some nurses and certified nursing assistants left their jobs despite increased demand for their skills and expertise. The nursing home workforce also confronted new challenges during the pandemic that stemmed from a lack of critical resources, such as childcare coverage and mental health support, which escalated critical shortages of staff. The lack of a unified national testing strategy, distribution of test kits, and policies to cover cost, reportedly delayed timely testing of residents and nursing home staff early on, and hindered understanding about the risk of COVID‐19 transmission. Conclusions To fill vacancies and provide surge support, nursing homes developed strategies to recruit new staff, while states and the federal government modified licensing and credentialing requirements and deployed nontraditional staff. Governments and nursing homes also increased wages and augmented non‐wage benefits such as childcare, housing, transportation assistance, and food supports. Federal and state governments also increased access to PPE, expanded use of telehealth, created non‐punitive leave policies, and monitored staff for illness. Implications for Policy or Practice The findings from this study point to several opportunities for further research, including examining how nursing homes have taken advantage of state and federal initiatives implemented in response to COVID‐19; assessing which resources have directly impacted the capacity of the nursing home workforce; and understanding any long‐lasting effects on the workforce that will remain as a result of the pandemic. It may also be informative to explore the long‐term effects of the outbreak on the nursing home workforce, as the prolonged physical and emotional toll of these direct‐care jobs leave the workforce prone to burnout and fatigue. Primary Funding Source DHHS Assistant Secretary for Research and Evaluation.


The ground station usage on the Mars Express mission is based on the ESTRACK network (ESA Deep Space Stations New Norcia and Cebreros) and on the NASA Deep Space Network. The allocation and scheduling of the required ground stations is an iterative process running over several months starting with the MEX Spacecraft Operation Manager's long term station time requests and ending with the delivery of the final schedule to the different ground stations. This paper will describe the processes involved in the Mars Express mission as far as ground stations handling is concerned. Some of these processes have recently been automated. The reasons of this automation and how it was implemented will also be presented.


We prove a law of iterated logarithm for the maximum likelihood es- timator of the parameters in a generalized linear regression model with binomial response. This result is then used to derive an asymptotic bound for the dierence between the maximum log-likelihood function and the true log-likelihood. It is further used to establish the strong consistency of some penalized likelihood based model selection criteria. We have shown that, under some general conditions, a model selection criterion will select the simplest correct model almost surely if the penalty term is an increasing function of the model dimension and has an order between O(log log n) and O(n). Cases involving the commonly used link functions are discussed for illustration of the results. An important task in linear regression is to identify an optimal subset of available explanatory variables to form a model for best predicting the response variable. We refer to George (2002) and Rao and Wu (2001) for a detailed survey in this area of research. Among the many model selection methods, the classical ones like AIC and BIC are still widely used in practice. It is therefore of interest to investigate the asymptotic properties of model selection criteria which have not yet been established for many problems. In this paper, we focus on variable selection in generalized linear models with binomial responses. We consider a set of model selection criteria, such as AIC, BIC, Cp and the stochastic complexity criterion, that follow the form of a penalized log-likelihood. We assume that all the explanatory variables af- fecting the response variable are available in observations, so that selecting the simplest correct model is possible. We establish a strong representation for the maximum log-likelihood function relative to the true log-likelihood under some general conditions. Based on this representation we show that, when the sample size n is sucien tly large, the simplest correct model is selected almost surely if


This paper studies the sedimentary characteristics through analysis of lithology,logs and sedimentary microfacies based on outcrop,core and well logging data of the study area. It is thought that the Chang 4+5 oil unit of Yanchang formation in Huachi area mainly comprises delta and lacustrine depositional systems which can be further divided into many subfacies. This delta depositional system includes not only NE-trending meandering river delta sedimentation but also SW-trending braided river delta sedimentation. This study deepens the understanding of reservoir characteristics and distribution,hydrocarbon enrichment regularity,and reservoir-forming mechanism in traps,and provides certain guidance for petroleum exploration in this area.


This new volume provides family planning and international health practitioners, particularly managers and researchers, a one-step reference to the successes of family planning operations research (OR) in the developing world. The brief but excellent Foreword by John Ross, one of the early and more prolific of the operations research specialists, rightly notes that operations research "with its long history, methodological depth, and rich geographic and substantive variety, is well represented in this volume." The emphasis of this 398-page collection of readings is on how OR helped improve ongoing family planning programs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America dur-


This article outlines an interpretative model of the Chilean political processwhich, in recent decades, has gone from democracy to dictatorship and back to democracy. The central idea in this study is the political party system, which constitutes one of the most outstanding features of the Chilean political system and, within that system, the evolution of the "guild" of professional politicians, the elite, which simultaneously constitutes and element of continuity and change.


Serious errors in the statistical analysis conducted in a paper on the aurochs Bos prim igenius (Lasota-M oskalewska and Kobryn 1990) are revealed in this article. A linear coding method transforming raw measurements into dimensionless numbers ranging from 0 to 100 was applied by the authors. Pooling the coded data on different traits is criticised and so is their application to any statistical tests. Correct tests are proposed.


The Java landscape is littered with libraries, tools, and specifications. Whats been lacking is the expertise to fuse them into solutions to realworld problems. These patterns are the intellectual mortar for J2EE software construction. John Vlissides, coauthor of Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable ObjectOriented Software Pro Java EE Spring Patterns focuses on enterprise patterns, best practices, design strategies, and proven solutions using key Java EE technologies including JSP, servlets, EJB, and JMS APIs. This Java EE patterns resource, catalog, and guide, with its patterns and numerous strategies, documents and promotes best practices for these technologies, implemented in a very pragmatic way using the Spring Framework and its counters. This title Introduces Java EE application design and Spring framework fundamentals Describes a catalog of patterns used across the three tiers of a typical JEE application Provides implementation details and analyses each pattern with benefits and concerns Describes the application of these patterns in a practical application scenario What youll learn Get an introduction to enterprise Java/Java EE application design patterns. Simplify enterprise Java design using the popular Spring Framework. Examine presentation, business, web, and integration tier design patterns and best practices, including crosscutting design patterns, AOP, etc. See how the enhanced and uptodate pattern catalog compares to core J2EE design blueprints. Learn how to use comprehensive source code and configuration information. Develop order management system requirements for the first indepth enterprise application case study. Design your order management system application using the final case study. Who is this book for? This book is for Java EE application architects, designers, and developers using or planning to use the Spring Framework. About the Apress Pro Series The Apress Pro series books are practical, professional tutorials to keep you on and moving up the professional ladder. You have gotten the job, now you need to hone your skills in these tough competitive times. The Apress Pro series expands your skills and expertise in exactly the areas you need. Master the content of a Pro book, and you will always be able to get the job done in a professional development project. Written by experts in their field, Pro series books from Apress give you the hardwon solutions to problems you will face in your professional programming career.


The Change Makers' Project, is an education-based initiative harnessing
the power of the media to break cultural stereotypes in Logan, to bring about social
change. The project, which has been running for four years, involves up to 50 students
at Woodridge State High School and eight journalism students from the University of
Queensland. In 2017, the team produced a
35-minute documentary featuring the unique and powerful stories of Woodridge State
High School's diverse student body. Centred on the themes of pride, hope and inspiration,
the documentary was the first of its type ever made in a Queensland school. Through this
process, students are learning about the power of the media to bring about change. The
documentary featured stories on Indigenous community-building, the hope of new life in
Queensland through the eyes of refugee students and the importance of education.


Left ventricular wall thickness and ejection fraction were found to be increased in 17 patients with either hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy or organic obstruction to left heart outflow. Concentric hypertrophy appears to take place partly by inward growth, and this behaviour may be important for understanding the diseases associated with it.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by brain metabolic abnormalities, particularly in subcortical regions. However, previously reported observations of subcortical blood perfusion are inconsistent, especially in the thalamus. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of thalamic regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in PD by using a recently developed advanced 3D pseudo-continuous pulse arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging approach. Twenty-three PD patients with mild-to-moderate stage disease and 29 normal control subjects underwent ASL MRI. Regional mean CBF values in the thalamus and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (Vim) were measured and compared between the groups by one-way analysis of variance. The PD patients showed significantly lower CBF than controls in the bilateral thalamus and Vim. Our findings indicate that hypoperfusion in the thalamus and Vim could be an imaging marker of PD.


The authors have recently completed a research review on learning and teaching of assessment in social work which was commissioned by the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) and the Social Policy and Social Work Learning and Teaching Support Network (SWAPltsn) to support the development of the new social work award in England. This involved reviewing relevant literature from social work and cognate disciplines back to 1990 with the aim of identifying best practice in learning and teaching of assessment skills. Although assessment has been recognised as a core skill in social work and should underpin social work interventions, there is no singular theory or understanding as to what the purpose of assessment is and what the process should entail. Social work involvement in the assessment process may include establishing need or eligibility for services, to seek evidence of past events or to determine likelihood of future danger, may underpin recommendations to other agencies, or may determine the suitability of other service providers. In some settings assessment is considered to begin from the first point of contact and may be a relatively short process, whereas elsewhere it may be a process involving several client contacts over an extended period of time. The assessment process may range from the collection of data on standardised proforma to a flexible approach depending on circumstances. These variations permeate the literature on the learning and teaching of assessment in social work and cognate disciplines. Several different approaches to classroom based learning were proposed in the literature including case‐based teaching, interviews with actors who have been trained to play 'standardised clients', and observation of children and families, as well as didactic lecturing and various uses of video equipment and computers. Furthermore learning by doing has long been one of the hallmarks of social work education, and there are a number of models proposed in which students learn about the assessment process through conducting assessments. The evidence to support these different approaches to learning and teaching is variable. Based on the evidence reviewed, recommendations as to what is good practice in learning and teaching about assessment will be presented.


We explicitly construct an SO(10) GUT using a global description of the geometry and find two interesting properties: first, at the point of expected E7 enhancement where the Yukawa interaction is generated, we see that there are not enough irreducible compo- nents in the resolved singular fiber to yield an E7 structure; second, upon constructing the G-flux for this GUT, we see that it is not possible, in general, to satisfy the quan- tization condition. This leads to a set of extra conditions on the geometry to allow for the required quantization. We then look at an E7 GUT using a similar construction.


The Guides à pattes collection is a series of short educational books for children that present the archaeological heritage of Switzerland. Written in collaboration with archaeology and history museums, these texts explore various themes from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages, illustrated by Swiss sites. Positive feedback from using the books in the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Fribourg asserts that the books are interesting and attractive conceptual tools for teaching history.


We study neutralino dark matter within a semi-realistic type I string model, where supersymmetry breaking arises from F-terms of moduli fields parameterised in terms of Goldstino angles, which automatically gives rise to non-universal soft third sfamily and gaugino masses. We study the fine-tuning sensitivities for dark matter and electroweak symmetry breaking across the parameter space of the type I string model, and compare the results to a similar analysis in the non-universal MSSM. Within the type I string model we find that neutralino dark matter can be naturally implemented in the bulk region, the Z0 resonance region and the maximally tempered Bino/Wino/Higgsino region, in agreement with the results of the non-universal MSSM analysis. We also find that in the type I string model the ``well-tempered'' Bino/Wino region is less fine-tuned than in the MSSM, whereas the co-annihilation region exhibits a significantly higher degree of fine-tuning than in the MSSM.


We associate with an operator ideal 𝒜 (in the sense of Pietsch) a class of bounded sequences S𝒜 by using the 𝒜-variation of Astala. If 𝒜 and B are operator ideals, and we define (𝒜, B) as the class of operators which map a sequence of S𝒜 into a sequence of SB, we obtain the following: Theorem. If Tn: X → Y is a sequence of operators and for every sequence (xn) ⊂ X in S𝒜 there exists p such that (Tpxn) belongs to SB, then Tm ∈ (𝒜, B) for some m. The compact operators, weakly compact operators and some other operator ideals can be represented as (𝒜, B). Hence several results of Tacon and other authors are a consequence of this theorem.


Black triangles are a result of periodontal disease and can also be a response to treatment and return of health. They can also be a result of orthodontic treatment and tooth and root shape and position. They are perceived as unaesthetic and there is an increase in the demand for treatment. This paper will look at some of the treatment options that are available to treat black triangles. The treatment is often multidisciplinary and can involve orthodontics, surgery and restorative. As aim of this thesis is to aid the prediction of black triangles, as a solution to them needs to be sought. This paper explores the treatment of black triangles to help the clinician give the patients the options if it is predicted a black triangle may be present. Method: An OVID MEDLINE search was undertaken using the term Black triangle AND treatment. This yielded 32 papers and of these 14 were related to dental black triangles. These 14 papers were the hand searched for their cited references and this yielded an additional 17 papers. Conclusion: The treatment for black triangles can be difficult and in the case of surgical management very unpredictable. More research into simple predictable management needs to take place.


The federal government has not had a balanced budget for nearly 30 years, since 1969. Every year the government spends more than it takes in, and the annual deficits have accumulated into a national debt of over $5 trillion dollars. The government has adopted several statutes to attempt to control spending, from the 1974 Budget Act through the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act in the 1980s to the current laws that theoretically impose spending caps. But these laws have been repealed, waived, weakened, or ignored. We need to get federal spending under control, but the President and Congress seem to lack the political courage to get the job done. A Balanced Budget Amendment to the Constitution may be the only solution. Spending beyond our means for so many years has reduced the economic output of our nation. Deficit spending reduces national savings, which in turn leads to lower investment and reduced net exports. Less savings also restricts the supply of funds available to borrow, which drives up interest rates. In the long run, less investment reduces productive capacity and output, which decreases real wages.


The Surface Variational Principle (SVP) has been already applied for several acoustic domains in order to determine exterior radiated and scattered acoustic pressure. The goal of the activities documented in this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of the SVP for the evaluation of interior acoustic domains, In order to fulfil the research target, an acoustic cylinder cavity was selected as a test article. The following considerations led to this choice: 1) Either the structural or the acoustic domain can be solved with an analytical formulation, hence, these analytical solutions will represent references for comparing the results obtained by the SVP; 2) The axysimmetiic domain represents a very interesting problem in several engineering applications; 3) The SVP application to a cylindrical domain can be easily extended to more complex axysimmetric domains. Hence, the convergence of SVP results is discussed herein with reference to a well-known analytical problem.


THE scope of this paper is concerned with certain principles which have been found helpful in the roentgenologic study of the surgical anatomy of the abdomen. These are as follows: 1. The study of the position, shape, and mobility of the diaphragm. 2. The study of the abdomen by plain views. 3. The study of the position, shape, size, and the relationship of the stomach and bowels to the neighboring viscera. 4. The study of the mobility of the gastro-intestinal tract. 5. The study of the contour of the stomach and bowels in various positions. Diaphragm.—The diaphragm, situated as it is between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, may be affected by abnormal changes of the organs therein, which may alter its position, shape, and mobility. To enable one to recognize departures from the normal, its roentgen anatomy must be understood. This having been described in a previous publication (1), attention will be called only to certain anatomical characteristics. Its shape resembles a dome, and is higher anterior...


A Newton method for solution of frictionless contact problems is presented. A finite element discretization is performed and the contact constraints are given as complementarity conditions. The resulting equations, which represent the equilibrium of the system, are formulated as a generalized equation. Generalized equations, from the discipline of Mathematical Programming, are a way of writing multi-valued relations, such as complementarity conditions, in a way that is similar to ordinary equations. Newton's method is then used, in a straightforward way, to solve the present non-linear generalized equation, resulting in a sequence of Linear Complementarity Problems (LCP's).


Assessing the effects of nutrient addition on organic matter decomposition in tropical tree plantations is essentially important because of the increasing importance of the afforestation along with the increases in the intensified management practices and fertilizer use. We tested the effects of phosphorus (P) addition on microbial respiration during the decomposition of Acacia mangium litters and leaves by using an incubation experiment. Following hypotheses were examined: (i) P addition reduces microbial respiration during the litter decomposition if labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are little; while (ii) the effect is not clear in the fresh leaf decomposition due to the large amount of labile C and N. P addition significantly reduced the rates of microbial respiration during the litter decomposition, with the following possible mechanisms; (i) decrease in C or N investment in phosphatase due to the reduced P requirement makes microbes decompose fewer litters to get C or N, (ii) P addition improved microbial respiratory efficiency and reduced energy required to maintain microbial activity. Meanwhile in high-quality leaf, such decrease in microbial respiration rates during the decomposition by P addition did not occur. We suggested that P fertilization in fast-growing tree plantations in tropics may reduce organic matter decomposition. Since the present study is a short-term incubation study, longer studies or field experiments are required to fully understand the effects of P addition on the organic matter decomposition in P-limited tropical forests.


The results of the present study, which aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of Lambdacyhalothrin 10% and alcoholic extracts of  Datura  innoxia  fruits in the control of fourth larval instar and adults of the phlebotomus  papatasi , indicated that the highest mortality percentage of the larval instar was 100%  in concentration 3 μL / ml, and the lowest mortality percentage of  33.3% at the lowest concentration of  0.05 μL / ml. The results of adult  treatment were the highest mortality percentage of  93.33% at the concentration of  3 μL / ml and the lowest mortality percentage were 20% at concentration of 0.05 μL / ml after 24 Hour of treatment.
The results of the treatment of the fourth larval instar with the Datura  innoxia fruits extracts showed that the highest mortality percentage was 100% for the concentration of 2000 ppm and the lowest of  13.3% at 75 ppm. The highest mortality percentage of adults insects was 100% when treated with the most effective concentrations (1600, 2000ppm). Thus, the results are shown to be affected by the control method used and the interaction of the insect larval instar to this method. In the end, there was a convergence of the effect of the insecticide and extract in the larval instar and adults insect.


Simple Summary The prediction of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) aggressiveness is important for treatment planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) with tomoelastography postprocessing (tomoelastography) in differentiating PNET from healthy pancreatic tissue and to correlate PNET stiffness with aggressiveness using asphericity derived from positron emission tomography (PET) as reference. In this prospective study we showed in a group of 13 patients with PNET that tomoelastography detected PNET by increased stiffness (p < 0.01) with a high diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.96). PNET was positively correlated with PET derived asphericity (r = 0.81). Tomoelastography provides quantitative imaging markers for the detection of PNET and the prediction of greater tumor aggressiveness by increased stiffness. Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of tomoelastography in differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from healthy pancreatic tissue and to assess the prediction of tumor aggressiveness by correlating PNET stiffness with PET derived asphericity. Methods: 13 patients with PNET were prospectively compared to 13 age-/sex-matched heathy volunteers (CTR). Multifrequency MR elastography was combined with tomoelastography-postprocessing to provide high-resolution maps of shear wave speed (SWS in m/s). SWS of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET-T) were compared with nontumorous pancreatic tissue in patients with PNET (PNET-NT) and heathy pancreatic tissue (CTR). The diagnostic performance of tomoelastography was evaluated by ROC-AUC analysis. PNET-SWS correlations were calculated with Pearson's r. Results: SWS was higher in PNET-T (2.02 ± 0.61 m/s) compared to PNET-NT (1.31 ± 0.18 m/s, p < 0.01) and CTR (1.26 ± 0.09 m/s, p < 0.01). An SWS-cutoff of 1.46 m/s distinguished PNET-T from PNET-NT (AUC = 0.89; sensitivity = 0.85; specificity = 0.92) and a cutoff of 1.49 m/s differentiated pancreatic tissue of CTR from PNET-T (AUC = 0.96; sensitivity = 0.92; specificity = 1.00). The SWS of PNET-T was positively correlated with PET derived asphericity (r = 0.81; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Tomoelastography provides quantitative imaging markers for the detection of PNET and the prediction of greater tumor aggressiveness by increased stiffness.


We use the ultramean construction to prove linear compact- ness theorem. We also extend the Rudin-Keisler ordering to maximal probability charges and characterize it by embeddings of power ultra- means..


ABSTRACT Dye effluents generated from industries are the main source of water pollution. The elimination of dyes from water bodies is essential for environmental protection. From an ecological and financial standpoint, the adsorption strategy using low-cost adsorbents is a sensible solution to remove dye pollutants from wastewater. In this study, Vernonia amygdalina leaf powder (VALP) adsorbent was prepared and used to eliminate Congo red dye (CRD) from aqueous solutions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transmission Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques were used to study VALP morphology as well as the nature of the interaction between VALP and CRD. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the influence of adsorbent dose, CRD concentration, contact time, and pH on CRD adsorption using VALP. As a result, 0.5 g of adsorbent dose, 100 mg/L CRD solution, 70 minute contact time, and a solution pH of 8 were determined as optimum values. Temkin adsorption isotherm models were used to test the experimental data, and the result is fitted well to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 57.47 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion were used to determine adsorption parameters. As a result, pseudo-second-order was fitted well to the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH° (5.702 kJ/mol) and ΔG° (−1674.6566 to −994.6388 J/ mol) show endothermic and spontaneous adsorption. The current study confirmed that VALP is one of the most effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable dye adsorbents from solution compared to other low-cost adsorbents.


401 were high in EI. Finally, negative self-concept was particularly central for the poly-traumatized sample. The prominence of sense of threat in the illness group might be suggestive of fear of recurrence. The centrality of avoidance in accidents and assaults might suggest that people are less likely to put themselves in positions where these events can re-occur. Poly-traumatization, especially when occurring in childhood, can lead to a failure to develop age-appropriate competencies, which in turn can lead to a sense of self as defective, helpless, deficient and unlovable. These results have important implications for the treatment of CPTSD using person-centred approaches. We previously argued that symptoms of CPTSD can be targeted and prioritized in therapy according to the severity or prominence of a given cluster, alongside the patient's readiness to tackle these symptoms. We now provide evidence that the expression and structure of CPTSD symptoms is associated with the index trauma event. It may be, therefore, beneficial to prioritize different symptom clusters, when planning treatment, depending on the index trauma. Further research on exploring the salience of different symptoms clusters in CPTSD is important and may contribute to effective and efficient treatment planning.


Epidemiology and pathogenesis * Acquisition rates correlate with the number of lifetime sexual partners, being > 50% in people with > 5 partners, and being inversely correlated with condom use. * Incubation time is highly variable, from an average of 2-3 months to 6-18 months or more. * Condylomas represent the "tip of the iceberg", afflicting 0.5-1% of the general population. Warts tend to develop in areas submitted to friction [...]


We describe two fitting schemes that aim to represent the high-density part of realistic equations of state for numerical simulations such as neutron star oscillations. The low-density part of the equation of state is represented by an arbitrary polytropic crust, and we propose a generic procedure to stitch any desired crust to the high-density fit, which is performed on the internal energy, pressure and sound speed of barotropic equations of state that describe cold neutron stars in $\beta$-equilibrium. An extension of the fitting schemes to equations of state with an additional compositional parameter is proposed. In particular we develop a formalism that ensures the existence of a $\beta$-equilibrium at low densities. An additional feature of this low-density model is that it can be, in principle, applied to any parametrization. The performance of the fits is checked on mass, radius and tidal deformability as well as on the dynamical radial oscillation frequencies. To that end, we use a pseudospectral isolated neutron star evolution code based on a non-conservative form of the hydrodynamical equations. A comparison to existing parametrizations is proposed, as far as possible, and to published radial frequency values in the literature. The static and dynamic quantities are well reproduced by the fitting schemes. Our results suggest that, even though the radius is very sensitive to the choice of the crust, this choice has little influence on the oscillation frequencies of a neutron star.


The depleting nature of fossil fuels has encouraged the exploration of alternate source of energy. Fuel cells have emerged as a clean energy technology with the advantages of formation of harmless by products. PEMFC (Proton exchange membrane fuel cells) have gained attention over the last few years as a promising power source. Water is the main by product of PEM fuel cell. Despite of the fact that some quantity of produced water can intensify the performance of the cell by hydrating its membrane, a plenty amount of liquid water can decrease the performance of the cell by filling the open pores of the gas diffusion layer (GDL). Therefore water management to protect the membrane from drying and electrode from excess water is the main concern during the operation of fuel cells. This study mainly concerns with the measurement and disconnection of liquid droplets in channel attached with cathode for PEM fuel cells. Many fuel cell researchers have actively conducted studies with the help of visualization techniques. Besides this various numerical approach have also been investigated to understand the droplet dynamic behavior. However the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the underlying liquid water transport mechanism through the GDL causes certain limitations in modeling studies. In this review various experimental results will be presented and discussed. The effects of GDL parameters, such as micro-porous layer and GDL thickness, on droplet removal are generally studied by analysing the contact angle hysteresis with inlet air flow. The discovery of this study is that for enhancement of water droplet removal the proper tailoring of the GDL parameters (wettability, thickness etc) is essential. Keywords— Fuel cell, Proton exchange membrane (PEM), Gas diffusion layer (GDL).


Modified statistical homogeneity tests on weighted data samples are commonly used in high energy physics applications. We do typically apply the tests in order to test homogeneity of weighted and unweighted samples, e.g. Monte Carlo simulations compared to the real data measurements. The asymptotic approximation of p-value of our weighted variants of homogeneity tests are investigated by means of simulation experiments. The simulation is performed for various probability sample distributions. We show that the asymptotic characteristics of the weighted homogeneity tests are valid for the specific distribution of weights.


Background We investigated national trends in volume and outcomes of percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and ischemic heart disease–related mortality in Israel. Methods and Results Using International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th revision codes, we linked 5 Israeli national databases, including the Israel Center for Disease Control National PCI and CABG Registries, the Ministry of Health Hospitalization Report, the Center of Bureau of Statistics, and the Ministry of Interior Mortality Report, to assess the annual PCI and CABG volume, procedural mortality, comorbidities, and ischemic heart disease‐related mortality between 2002 and 2014. Trends over time were analyzed using linear regression, assuming a Poisson distribution. A total of 298 390 revascularization procedures (PCI: 255 724, CABG: 42 666) were performed during the study period. PCI volume increased by 9% from 2002 to 2008 (387.4/100 000 to 423.2/100 000), steadily decreasing by 10.5% to 378.5/100 000 in 2014 (P=0.70 for the trend). CABG volume decreased by 59% (109.0/100 000 to 45.2/100 000) from 2002 to 2013, leveling at 46.4/100 000 (P<0.0001). PCI/CABG ratio increased from 3.6 in 2002 to 8.5 in 2013, slightly decreasing to 8.2 by 2014 (P<0.0001). In‐hospital procedural mortality remained stable (PCI: 1.2–1.6%, P=0.34, CABG: 3.7–4.4%, P=0.29) despite a significant change in patient clinical profile. During the course of the study, ischemic heart disease‐related mortality decreased by 46% (84.6–46/100 000, P<0.001). Conclusions We observed a dramatic change in coronary revascularization procedures type and volume, and a marked decrease in ischemic heart disease‐related mortality in Israel. The reasons for the observed changes remain unclear and need to be further investigated.


This paper focuses on the robust recognition of nonlinearly distorted speech. We have reported (Seps et al.,

2014) that hybrid acoustic models based on a combination of Hidden Markov Models and Deep Neural Networks

(HMM-DNNs) are better suited to this task than conventional HMMs utilizing Gaussian Mixture Models

(HMM-GMMs). To further improve recognition accuracy, this paper investigates the possibility of combining

the modeling power of deep neural networks with the adaptation to given acoustic conditions. For this

purpose, the deep neural networks are utilized to produce bottleneck coefficients / features (BNC). The BNCs

are subsequently used for training of HMM-GMM based acoustic models and then adapted using Constrained

Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (CMLLR). Our results obtained for three types of nonlinear distortions

and three types of input features show that the adapted BNC-based system (a) outperforms HMM-DNN

acoustic models in the case of strong compression and (b) yields comparable performance for speech affected

by nonlinear amplification in the analog domain.


Positive effects produced by economic globalization in attacking crimes of financial fraud include the raised technological equipment level against the crimes due to the development of advanced science and technology , the increasing ways to be rich legally, and the strengthened international cooperation in attacking the crimes of financial fraud. Simultaneously, the passive influence produced by economic globalization involves the decreasing of the state's ability in controlling financial markets, liability to be affected by accidental and ill factors abroad, and the increasing difficulty in preventing and controlling crimes because of the internet economy, and financial unification.


First-principles electronic structure calculations have been performed for the double perovskite Bi$_2$CoMnO$_6$ in its non-centrosymmetric polar state using generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard U approach. We find that while Co is in a high spin state, Mn is in an intermediate spin state. The calculated dynamical charge tensors are anisotropic reflecting a low-symmetry structure of the compound. Magnetic structure dependent phonon frequencies indicate the presence of spin-phonon coupling. Using Berry phase method, we obtain a spontaneous electronic polarization of 5.88 ${\mu}C/cm^2$ which is close to the experimental value observed for a similar compound, Bi$_2$NiMnO$_6$.


Lapping is an important method in optical element machining. In lapping a workpiece is pressed on the lapping to by a press head through a press disc, which produces a friction force between the lapping tool and the workpiece and forms lapping. The friction moment between the press head and press disc resists workpiece rotating and affects machining accuracy. This paper in theory discusses this moment in detail. According to the press head and press disc elastic deformation produced under action of pressure, the contact stress distribution between them can be got. By means of this stress distribution function, the infinitesimal moment can be got. Through integrating an analytic result of resultant moment can be got too. From this result we can easily find that the factors affecting the moment and affecting role, which provides a theoretical base for increasing lapping accuracy, reducing the moment and a base for researching relative motion in floating lapping deeply.


Temporary access to objects and documents is one of the most common means of ensuring criminal proceedings and an important means of gathering evidence. This measure of criminal proceedings represents the undoubtedly basic instrument for the formation and consolidation of evidence, which will further serve as a legal basis for the promulgation of a correct and well-founded procedural decision by the investigator or prosecutor during a full, complete and impartial pre-trial investigation.

The author of the article is intended to investigate the problematic issues of regulation of investigating judge`s authority to consideration of applications for temporary access to objects and documents.

Attention is drawn to the lack of legislative regulation of the powers of the investigating judge to issue a decision on the return of the petition and the refusal to grant it in the case of non-compliance of such petition with the requirements of criminal procedural legislation.

The decision of the investigating judge, type of which is not provided by the CPC of Ukraine, is contrary to the principle of the lawfulness of criminal proceedings, adversely affects the effective protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of the person in the framework of criminal proceedings, the effectiveness of criminal procedural evidence and the formation of unambiguous legal practice.

The author concludes that in order to improve the institute of temporary access to objects and documents, the following changes should be made to the CPC of Ukraine:

- Art. 163 as a rule on the procedural possibility of an investigating judge to return to a party of criminal proceedings a request for temporary access to things and documents, if it is filed without observing the requirements of Art. 160 CPC of Ukraine;

- the norm of refusal to grant such a request in case of non-compliance with the requirements of Part 5 of Art. 163 of the CPC of Ukraine. In view of the above, the investigating judge will be empowered by law to rule on the results of the consideration of the request for temporary access to the things and documents of the decision on: 1) satisfaction of the request, 2) refusal to grant the request, 3) return of the request.

The proposed amendments to the current CPC of Ukraine in terms of improving the procedure of temporary access to things and documents as a means of criminal procedural evidence, in particular the introduction of alternative types of rulings, will certainly increase the effectiveness of criminal procedural evidence, as well as ensure the effectiveness of the functioning of the investigative institution.


Recently,colleges and universities meet many problems during the process of reformation,so it is necessary for the government to guide this reformation. A study on constructing mechanism of government-leading reformation is a must. While guiding this reformation,the Chinese government may take steps in the following aspects,setting up and perfecting laws and regulations on higher education to secure it; completing modern college "recruitment"and withdraw system; perfecting education property right system in colleges and universities; completing correcting systems outside the higher educational institutes; forming an incentive system of both the administrative power and the academic power.


The article presents the results of studies on the influence of growth microfertilizer and fungicides on the development of diseases and productivity of spring wheat in the conditions of the Kurgan region. Currently, the identification of new strains of microorganisms that are able to suppress the development of pathogenic microflora, which ultimately reduces the incidence of plants, increases productivity, improves the quality of the crop production and allows to reduce use of fungicides on crops. In our research seed treatment with biological preparations helped to reduce the development of root rot. Biological preparations acting on the basis of the antagonism of microorganisms, reduce the damage of wheat by 3.6% relative to the control,biological efficiency was 52.5%. Seed treatment gumimaksom 0.5 l/t reduced development of root rot by 2.5% relative to the control. This option was ineffective in combating the disease (35.2%). The maximum increase was noted when using fitosporin-M, where she was 2.4-2.8 t/ha. As a result of years of research conducted in the Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute for the Study of a wide range of biological products found that their environmentally appropriate to apply to spring wheat in order to protect from external infection (root rot), and to provide a stimulating effect on plants by increasing vigor and improving the quality of the grain. In all the studied variants produced a significant increase in the productivity of spring wheat.


This study attempted to examine whether there were differences between high-achieving and low achieving students on self regulation strategies. Three hundred adolescents participated (Mean age = 17.4 years) to measure their own self regulated learning strategies and collected their academic scores from the record office of the schools. The analysis of the data showed that self regulated learning strategies have statistically significant contribution to the students' school performance. The results of the general MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) tests showed that the mean differences for those with high and low achiever were statistically significant for the academic self-efficacy (F = 4.349, p < 0.05), self regulation (F = 4.746, p < 0.05), intrinsic value (F = 3.741, p < 0.05),and time management attitude (F = 7.947, p < 0.05) self regulated learning.


Discussion of treatment options in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tends to be somewhat dialecticalhigher rates of responses can be obtained with intensification of therapy, but these may be accompanied by the risk of increased early and late toxicities. How to resolve this dialectic? Tailored approaches correlating intensity of upfront therapy to risk factors for adverse outcome show promise [1], whereas indices for prediction of response seem to correlate with outcome [2,3]. The most direct factor that ought to predict for response to chemotherapy should intuitively be: the ability to respond to chemotherapy. In relapsed and refractory disease, patients identified as chemosensitive, that is, that have greater than 25% reduction in tumor size by regimens such as ICE, have good long term outcomes after autologous stem cell transplant, whereas those who are chemorefractory do not [4]. Can we identify biological markers that may suggest which patients will benefit from additional chemotherapy? One clinical setting where this question seemed to be easily answerable is in salvage approaches to refractory HL using gemcitabine. Trials with the nucleoside analog gemcitabine, have demonstrated single agent and combination regimen responses [5]. However, gemcitabine does not passively diffuse into cells, being hydrophilic, and needs to be actively transported for it to wreak havoc on the target cell. This is accomplished primarily through two major classes of transporter proteins, which function as equilibrative (ENT) and concentrative (CNT) nucleoside transporters. The human ENT1 (hENT1) is widely distributed and the level of its expression has been linked to gemcitabine sensitivity, in pancreatic carcinoma cells [6] as well as in mantle cell lymphoma lines [7]. It then made sense to determine if hENT1 levels correlate with survival in pancreatic cancer patients receiving gemcitabine, and indeed they do [8]. It appears that finally, we can begin to identify biological factors to response, by correlating hENT1 levels with clinical outcomes in response to gemcitabine. CALGB 59804, a multicenter clinical trial which demonstrated a 70% overall response rate and a 19% complete remission rate for the combination of gemcitabine, vinorelbine and liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed HL patients [9], cleverly incorporated immunohistochemistry assays for hENT1. Surprisingly, they found just the opposite of the logical, expected result. Patients with the defined level of hENT1 positivity, as well as those with IPS 3, were overall less likely to achieve PR or CR, had more toxicity, lower likelihood of response, and were significantly more likely to have shorter failure free survival [10]. How might one explain this paradoxical outcome? The authors present several sensible hypotheses: that the expression of hENT1 may correlate with a more aggressive phenotype, that hENT1 may be less important in a combination regimen like the one studied which contained also vinorelbine and liposomal doxorubicin, that increased hENT1 in this setting may have been permissive for greater toxicity and thus inability to tolerate therapy, and finally, that the effect seen in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma may be specific to certain cell types. The lesson of this study may be that the presence of the transport receptor alone is only one component of chemosensitivity. The activity of hENT1 itself appears to be regulated by signals such as PKC d and e [11], and more directly in the case of lymphoid cells, by IL-4 and PMA [12].


The goal of this presentation is to analyse the concept of "Triple Bottom Line" (TBL), from a critical perspective, and to give an alternative with another concept based on another theory: the "Triple Depreciation Line" (TDL).
Indeed, since "Cannibals With Forks" (Elkington, J. 1997. Oxford: Capstone), TBL has gained a tremendous notoriety. Nevertheless, the production of critical analysis of TBL has remained very scarce. Moreover, to our knowledge, no one of the critics propose an alternative to TBL.

So, the first part of the talk will be dedicated to a critical analysis of TBL. We will firstly show that there are two main different ways of comprehending TBL, based respectively on the concepts of "effectiveness" and "efficiency". Then, we will notably suggest that TBL is not a novelty and emphasise that the financial capital is the only one systematically protected under TBL.

In this case, as TBL does not do its "job" (the maintenance of the three capitals), we propose to take seriously the existence of different types of capital and apply to all of them the same instruments of protection as used in the case of the financial capital. This will lead us to promote TDL instead of TBL as an effective instrument for solving the urgent problems of today's capitalism. In short, we take one of the most famous weapons of capitalist accounting, the planned depreciation, and turn it on financial capitalists.

Thus, in a second part, from a short analysis of depreciation in accounting, we will show how it can be used for other types of capitals, notably the Human and Environmental Capitals (HEC).
This approach, TDL, is based on several assumptions:

(1) firms have an obligation to protect some particular HEC that they use;
(2) the use of these HEC implies a systematic degradation of them;
(3) these HEC are not a priori substitutable to financial capitals: the level of their protection has to be regularly and collectively determined by their representatives, like scientists, NGOS, public organisms, etc... and firms;
(4) an integrated reporting, based on a common unit, money, is needed to allow all actors to communicate.

(1) and (2) firstly involve the creation of liabilities, related to the protection of the concerned HEC and of two corresponding assets (the use of these HEC). The systematic degradation of the HEC will be registered as depreciations of these assets.

We will clearly present the mechanism of the TDL and discuss several consequences of this approach. In particular, the costs incurred to concretely protect the HEC become a type of investments. Moreover, as TDL concerns the balance sheet and the income statement, the focus is not only on flows but also on the capitals at stake and their relative description.

In the last part, we will compare TDL with TBL and similar methods. We will replace TBL and TDL in the framework of a new emerging concept: the integrated reporting. We will argue that TBL and "integrated reporting" are basically similar things and that the TDL is the only serious mean to achieve a genuine integrated reporting.


Clarity and intelligibility in speech signal demands removal of noise and interference associated with the signal at the source. This poses further challenge when the speech signal is colored with human emotions. In this work, the authors have taken a novel step to enhance the emotional speech signal adaptively before classification. Most popular adaptive algorithm such as Least mean square (LMS), Normalized least mean squares (NLMS) and Recursive least square (RLS) has been put to test to obtain enhanced speech emotions. Neural network based Multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier is used to recognize fear speech emotion as against neutral voices using effective Linear Prediction coefficients (LPCs). The accuracy has improved to approximately 77% with enhanced signal. The increased accuracy of this signal has been witnessed with RLS algorithm as against the noisy signal with corresponding algorithm.


Firm ideals and beliefs of party members and cadres need to be highly concerned about language and behavioral expression of the communist ideals and beliefs of socialism with Chinese characteristics.To carry out the ideal and belief expression studies,guide the party members and cadres use scientific language and behavior to express ideal and belief,is not only adapt to the development of the situation effectively,but also conforms to the requirements of the times and the public expect.It has great significance for increasing the party's ability to improve the scientific level of party building,and promote the party's ideology construction and socialist spiritual civilization.


This paper presents two modes of systems thinking education to help make sense of previous and future experiences in this field as well as in soft operational research in general. Using Abbott's ideas on professional knowledge I present these modes as based on either (1) abstracting or (2) engaging. The former emphasises the value of systems thinking in helping people understand abstractions to deal with complex situations. The latter focuses on using abstractions to facilitate students' engagement with complex situations in areas outside operational research including sustainability and project management. I present each mode based on my experience in a higher education setting in the UK, and I highlight key elements and possibilities for these modes that could inform future developments in systems thinking and operational research education.


Abstract INTRODUCTION THE filtration experiments of Walden et al. (1956), Kraft et al. (1958) and Garibaldi and Stokes (1958) suggested that the egg shell membranes might be much more resistant to the passage of bacteria than was the shell alone. Under conditions which were optimum for bacterial penetration, Lifshitz et al. (1964) showed that the inner shell membrane was more impervious to bacteria than either the shell or the outer shell membrane. Elliott (1954) demonstrated that bacteria inoculated onto the inner shell membrane at the air cell were not recoverable from egg white until four to eight days. Florian and Trussell (1957) reported that some species of bacteria (secondary invaders) were able to grow in the egg magma but lacked the capacity to traverse the inner shell membrane. Other bacteria (primary invaders) could perform both functions. Various theories for the mechanism of bacterial egg spoilage have been based primarily on egg …


An analysis of cursor positioning may provide guidelines for improvements in cursor control. Four experiments addressed efficiency of cursor control devices (Mouse, Digitising Pen, Accupoint, Trackball). Participants moved a cursor leftwards, upwards or rightwards, positioning it in large or small targets situated in near or far space on the computer screen. Cursor coordinates were sampled every 5 ms. The number of submovements and the proportion of time spent in deceleration were analysed. Participants could not plan movements controlled by an Accupoint. Cursor trajectories were more variable in near space for detachable manipulanda due to potential cartesian coordinate system incompatibilities


PURPOSE: A seabed exploring device and method are provided to accurately recognize the location of an unmanned submarine because the transponder of an acoustic positioning system and the finger of a precise water depth measuring system are installed in the unmanned submarine. CONSTITUTION: A seabed exploring device comprises an unmanned submarine(10), a transponder(30) of an acoustic positioning system, a finger(40), a measuring unit, and a deposit collecting unit(110). The unmanned submarine is connected to a ship through a tracking cable. The transponder of the acoustic positioning system is installed in the unmanned submarine. The finger is installed in the unmanned submarine and outputs a signal which can be received by a receiver of a precise water depth measuring system installed in the ship. The measuring unit installed in the unmanned submarine to detect or measure various information on the seabed where the unmanned submarine is located. The deposit collecting unit collects deposits from the seabed when the unmanned submarine is landed on the seabed.


ABSTRACT Domain names play an important role in nearly all online crime. Criminals commonly use domain names to evade blacklisting or to confuse users. The most common approaches to combat abusive registrations are proactive detection of the criminal activity, and reactive blacklisting of domain names. To complement these methods, we study the effects of policy intervention on the domain registration ecosystem with a focus on malicious domain names. Building on our understanding of the domain registration ecosystem, we develop a multi-stage analysis framework for registration policy proposals. As part of our framework, we discuss the biggest challenges to registration policy deployment (e.g., the complexity of the international domain registration ecosystem); when domain registration can or cannot affect online crime; and the inherent limitations of such analyses. We hope to stimulate further policy work and broaden the discussion beyond technical measures to impede online criminal activity. Our most promising registration policy proposal comes from the observation that online criminals need far more domain names to operate effectively than benign registrants. We propose a dynamic pricing function and stricter identity verification to make bulk domain registrations expensive. Our game-theoretical analysis indicates that this proposal should have a minimal effect on benign registrants and registries while having a significant financial and operational impact on certain criminal activities. Most interestingly, we observe a synergy between blacklisting and domain registration policies, where increasing blacklisting performance disproportionately boosts policy effectiveness.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of retropubic radical prostatectomy subsequent to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in the treatment of local advanced prostate cancer and to evaluate its adverse effects and tolerance. Methods Fourteen patients with local advanced prostate cancer from Feb. 2015 to Jan. 2016 were firstly given three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (the 21 days regimen of docetaxel plus prednisone combined with goserelin acetate 3.6 mg/28 d), after that, retropubic radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection was performed. The extent of extended lymph node dissection includes lymph nodes near external iliac vessel, obturator, internal iliac vessel and common iliac artery. The clinical features and short-term efficacy of these patients were investigated prospectively. All patients excluded severe medical complications, bone metastasis, visceral metastasis, and their life expectancy >10 years. Recording their age, initial clinical stage, initial Gleason grade, initial PSA value, PSA value after neoadjuvant therapy, operative time, blood loss volume during operation, postoperative pathological stage, lymph node metastasis status, PSA value at 1 month after operation, PSA value at 3 month after operation and the recovery time of urinary continence. Only using 0–1 pad/24 h is the criterion of continence recovery. Results The average age of 14 patients was 64.3 (range, 58–72) years. One of whose Gleason score was 3+3=6, two of whose Gleason score were 3+4=7, four of whose Gleason score were 4+3=7, one of whose Gleason score was 5+3=8, two of whose Gleason score were 5+4=9. The mean PSA value before combined neoadjuvant therapy was 72.6 (range, 55.8–119) ng/mL. Seven of whose clinical stage were cT3bN0M0, two of whose clinical stage were cT3bN1M0, three of whose clinical stage were cT4N0M0, two of whose clinical stage were cT4N1M0. Neutropenia (neutrophil count <2.0×109/L) occurred in 11 patients during the time of combined neoadjuvant therapy, all of them recovered after treated by G-CSF; hepatic impairment occurred in one patient who underwent two cycles of DP chemotherapy regimen, the patient's liver function recovered after liver-protecting treatment and then went on the 3th cycle of DP regimen for continued treatment. One patient's date of surgery (radical prostatectomy) was brought forward after two weeks of combined neoadjuvant therapy for severe gastrointestinal reaction. The mean preoperative PSA value dropped to 2.7 (range, 0.48–7.66) ng/mL after combined neoadjuvant therapy. The mean operative time was 138 (range, 96–185) min, mean blood loss volume during operation was 314 (range, 120–650) mL, there were no severe complications like rectal injury and great vascular injury during operation. Five of whose postoperative pathological stage were pT2c, six of whose postoperative pathological stage were pT3b, three of whose postoperative pathological stage were pT4, six patients' stage down compared to pre-operation (42.8%). Mean amount of dissected lymph node was 15.3 (range, 10–18), three of whose lymph node been invaded confirmed by pathological examination. Mean follow-up time was 4.7 (range, 1–8) month. Two of whose PSA value at 6 month after operation higher than others', they were 4.58 and 9.33 ng/mL respectively, and both of these two patients had lymph node invasion. Other twelve of whose PSA value at 6-month after operation upped to the standard of radical treatment, and their mean PSA value was 0.02 (range, 0.01–0.04) ng/mL. Eleven patients followed up for three month, excluded two patients who didn't up to standard of radical treatment, their mean PSA value was 0.03 (range, 0.01–0.04) ng/mL. Among the eleven patients who had followed up for three month, ten of whom attained complete urinary continence (90.9%). Conclusions The therapeutic protocol that combines adjuvant chemotherapy with hormonal therapy is based on the DP regimen and has prominent positive effects including remarkable down-staging effects, well tolerance and low incidence of severe adverse reaction. Radical retropubic prostatectomy subsequent to combined neoadjuvant therapy is characterized as high safety performance and controllable complication, as well as good short-term curative effect. Postoperative pathological examination can verify whether patients have pelvic lymph node metastasis and the positive result indicate poor prognosis. In consideration of the limited number of this research and short follow-up time, it's necessary to conduct large sample prospective randomized controlled studies in exploring the long-term prognosis of patient who obtain radical retropubic prostatectomy subsequent to combined neoadjuvant treatment further in the future.


Sir, Having lately observ´d several natural solid noctiluca´s, not hitherto by any, as I know, taken notice of, (I think I may be well assur´d some of the phenomena never were,) at your request I give you the larger account of´em: but before I speak of my own observations, give me leave to inform you a little concerning the artificial phosphorus, which, you know, is a subject I´m pretty well acquainted with, having made a great number of experiments about it, whereby I was naturally led to the following remarks.


The user behavior information is record in web logs.We can clean,extract and load the massive web logs to build the user behavior data warehouse.We present a user traversal path probability matrix model in this paper.Using this model and the user behavior data warehouse,we can realize an intelligent user behavior monitor and provide seasonable and superior service for web users.


We study the gravitational oscillations of liquid confined in a vertical tube, immersed in a liquid bath, with air trapped above the liquid column. The trapped air acts as a nonlinear spring, in addition to the gravitational restoring force. The presence of the trapped air introduces two new parameters in the problem. One parameter denoted α governs the effect of compression and expansion and the other parameter denoted β governs the effect of initial pressure of the trapped air. In the absence of viscosity, the ordinary differential equations governing the upward and downward motion of the liquid in the tube are different and, considered separately, are conservative. Together, however, they describe the damped oscillations due to irreversible energy losses at the end of the tube in the bath. Numerical simulations show the effects of α and β on the oscillations. A Shanks approximate provides a surprisingly good estimation of the nonlinear damping. Taking into account viscous losses, a first order asymptot...


【The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental beliefs, efficacy and stress on mother's parenting behaviors. The subjects were 243 mothers of two to three-Year-old children in Seoul. The main results showed that parental beliefs, efficacy and stress were significantly related with parenting behaviors. That is, the resets of mutiple regression analysis indicated that parental efficacy, beliefs and stress were significant variables predicting mother's parenting behavior. However, the predictive powers of these variables were different depending on the characteristics of parenting behaviors. And the relationship between mother's parental stress and parenting behaviors was mediated by mother's parental efficacy. To conclude, mother's cognitions such as parental beliefs, parental efficacy, and a perception of parenting stress turned out to be the vital factors in predicting parenting behaviors.】


Case reports and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that concomitant use of low‐dose methotrexate and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with increased risk of methotrexate toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the risk of serious adverse events associated with concomitant use of low‐dose methotrexate and NSAIDs, compared with use of methotrexate alone, among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


_____________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: A Bluetooth ad hoc network can be formed by interco nnecting piconets into scatternets.The constraints and properties of Bluet ooth scatternets present special challenges in forming an ad hocnetwork efficiently. This paper , the research contributions in this arena are brought together, to give anoverview of the sta te-of-the-art.Simply stated, Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol. Since it's a commu nication protocol, youcan use Bluetooth to communicate to other Bluetooth-enabled devices


This paper examines the performance of economic growth of the cities in China under the circumstances of energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the industrial data of gaseous, liquid and solid environments of 110 key cities in China from 2001 to 2010 and by adding the variates of the outputs and inputs of resources contamination and environmental pollution step-by-step, urban efficiency, productivity index and environmental productivity are measured using the slacks-based sequential directional distance function and Luenberger Productivity Index. Meanwhile, the current situation of industrial growths of Chinese cities is shown. The results demonstrate that: firstly, the average urban efficiency value is 0.705. Secondly, the productivity variation is 0.091, and after being disassembled on the basis of efficiency change and technical change, the values are 0.009 and0.082 accordingly, showing that technical progress is the motivation to improve productivity, while resources and environmental management efficiency have no obvious boost on it. Thirdly, energy consumption, pollution emission and the investment of pollution regulation are the major factors affecting productivity measurement. At last, the pressure of emission reduction is far more serious than that of energy conservation in China.


"Urban color" has gradually become one of the hot topics in the field of urban planning in China, and many cities have done research and developed planning practices. On the basis of the comparisons of those cities, numbers and figures show that most of them locate in the eastern part of China. Through the introduction of the Chinese urban planning system and implementation procedure, the authors indicate the status of the urban color plan and analyze the maneuverability of items on color in related laws and regulations. Next, we discuss the reasons of the distribution character with the examples of urban color plan of Yiyuan and architectural facade rebuilt of Guidu Holiday Inn in Suzhou. Finally, the authors point out that under the present Chinese system, urban color planning is the result of the game between urban planners and architects who come out from the rapid boom of urban construction and economy development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 68–76, 2008


AbstractApology legislations have been enacted in many countries to protect an apology offeror from being considered to have made an admission of responsibility. The Hong Kong Apology Ordinance cam...


Aim To study the anti-tumor effects of the flavone from Berchemia lineata(L)DC in vivo and discuss its possible mechanisms.Methods A total of 50 cases of S180 mice were assigned randomly into 5 groups:saline group(control),Cisplatin group(positive control)and flavone high,middle and low group.The anti-tumor effect on internal organ of mice was observed to study the tumor inhibition rate in different groups.Influence of flavone on mouse immune system was studied by comparing the index of thymus,spleen and liver.SOD MDA was detected in serum.The growth and patho-morphologic changes of tumor cells were observed through pathological sections.The protein expression level of p53,TNF-α and Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results ①The inhibitory rate was 50.35%,35.66%,23.08% in the flavone group and 83.22% in the positive control group respectively.Mouse thymus,spleen,liver index in flavone group had no significant difference compared with that of the control group(P0.05).However,positive thymus spleen,liver index in control group had a significant decrease compared with that in other groups(P0.01).② The flavone group of mouse SOD significantly increased and MDA reduced.③ Pathology revealed that necrotic area of dose groups and the positive group was larger than the control group.④ Immunohistochemistry showed that p53 protein expression was increased in dose groups,TNF-α and Caspase-3 protein expression decreased gradually.Conclusion The flavone can scanvenge oxygen free radicals and adjust express of p53,TNF-α and Caspase-3 to suppress tumor growth.