The COVID-19 pandemic has been very aggressive in nursing homes, where mortality accounts for more than 50 % of all deaths from this disease. But the physical and emotional repercussions go far beyond these data, both for residents, their families and professionals. On the one hand, we review the impact of the pandemic in Nursing Homes, from the review of the existing bibliography, the data available in Sapin and the experience lived by some of these professionals. On the other hand, some proposals developed by organizations with the objective of providing a response to this crisis from the perspective of Palliative Care are described. Finally, and based on the published evidence and their own experience, the authors make a series of specific and pragmatic recommendations on palliative care in Nursing Homes, in the short, medium and long term.


In late years, many base isolated structures are planned as the seismic design, because they suppress vibration response significantly against large earthquake. To achieve greater safety, semi-active or active vibration control system is installed in the structures as earthquake countermeasures. Semi-active and active vibration control systems are more effective than passive vibration control system to large earthquake in terms of vibration reduction. However semi-active and active vibration control system cannot operate as required when external power supply is cut off. To solve the problem of energy consumption, we propose a self-powered active seismic isolation floor which achieve active control system using regenerated vibration energy. This device doesn't require external energy to produce control force. The purpose of this study is to propose the seismic isolation device having charging function and to optimize the control system and passive elements such as spring coefficients and damping coefficients using genetic algorithm. As a result, optimized model shows better performance in terms of vibration reduction and electric power regeneration than the previous model. At the end of this paper, the experimental specimen of the proposed isolation device is shown.


The samples were prepared by fusion method using anhydrous lithium tetraborate as flux.Seven components(including Zn,Pb,Fe,Cu,SiO2,As and Cd) in zinc concentrates were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.Low temperature preoxidation treatment was carried out with LiNO3,and thus the corrosion problem of platinum-gold alloy crucible was resolved.Calibration curve was established by eight zinc concentrates standard materials.The matrix effect was corrected by the theoretical alpha coefficients.The relative standard deviations(RSD,n=11) of all the components determined in zinc concentrates were between 0.20 % and 6.8 %.The method has been applied to the determination of these components in standard materials and practical samples,and the analytical results were in good agreement with certified values of standard materials and values found of practical samples by chemical methods.


Since my communication of the above-cited Paper to the Royal Society on the 16th December, 1875, two important contributions to the Anatomy of Antedon have appeared—one by Dr. Ludwig, chiefly based on his study of Antedon Eschrichtii ("Zur Anatomie der Crinoiden," Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Bd. xxvi. 1876, p. 361, continued in Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaf ten und der Gr. A.Universität-zu Göttingen, No. 5, Feb. 23, 1876), and the other by Prof. Greef, of Marburg (Sitzungsberichte der G-esellschaft zur Beförderung der gesammten Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg, January 1876), both of which seem to have been prompted by the appearance of Professor Semper's short paper on the subject. These able observers fully concur with me, as to all essential particulars, in the account I have given of the triple canal-system of the arms, which M. Edmund Perrier not only could not himself find, but ventured to predict that no one else would find; in fact, Professor G-reef's figure of a transverse section of an arm might have been copied from one of the drawings I have had by me for more than ten years, save for one slight additional feature. The German investigators also accept the correctness of the statements made by me in my First Memoir, that the "nerve" of Müller is really the genital rachis, and that Müller's "vessel" in the arms is solid, not tubular, though neither is disposed to believe with me that this "axial cord" is a nerve. The character of a nerve, on the other hand, is assigned by Ludwig to a fibrillar band lying beneath the epithelial floor of the ventral furrow of the arms; which band had been independently noticed by my son, Mr. P. H. Carpenter (who is at present working in the laboratory of Professor Semper at Würzburg), in two of Professor Semper's Philip-pine species, Actinometra armata and A. nigra, as also in Antedon Eschrichtii, in which it had been previously discovered by Ludwig. It is not nearly so distinct, however, in A. rosaceus; but its existence in that species was also independently recognized by Professor Huxley, who, like Ludwig, was led by his general view of the homologies of the Crinoids to regard it as a nerve. My son regards both the ventral band of Ludwig and my "axial cord" as belonging to the nervous system, being led to that conclusion, as regards the former, by its homology with the radial nerves of other Echinoderms, and, as regards the latter, by the very definite branching he has discovered in the axial cord of the arms of Actinometra armata and A. nigra—two pairs of branches running on each side towards the dorsal surface, and two towards the ventral, where he has distinctly traced their ramifications as far as the leaflets bounding the ventral furrow. Prof. Greef, on the other hand, describes the whole epithelial floor of the ventral furrow as a nerve, on the ground that its histological character resembles that of the nerves of other Echinoderms. Having recently had an opportunity of examining at Würzburg the very thin sections prepared by my son, I can say with certainty that the fibrillar band is quite distinct from the layer of columnar epithelium which it underlies; but it appeared to me to send off very minute fibrils that pass up between the cells of which that layer is composed.


The purpose is to classify the rural financial innovations and establish a concept model in a view to providing an analysis path for the practice of rural finance.


The magnetooptical (MO) properties of hydrogenated Fe∕Pd and Co∕Pd bilayers were studied as a function of the H2 pressure. For samples with a Pd overlayer thickness 5.3nm and Fe film thickness in the range of 4.0–11.0nm, the fractional change in MO response under hydrogen loading, ΔθK∕θK0, increases approximately 12%, independent of the Fe film thickness. For H2 pressures less than PH2=25Torr, the enhancement obeys Sievert's law (ΔθK∕θK0∝PH21∕2). Thicker Pd overlayers increase the MO enhancement, with remarkably large enhancement of 50% for a Fe(4.1nm)∕Pd(10.0nm) sample. Because ΔθK∕θK0 is independent of the Fe thickness, this effect results from a change in the optical properties of the Pd overlayer. This was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometry. In contrast, no effect is observed in the Co∕Pd bilayers, presumably due to a small amount Co interdiffusion that prevents the Pd from absorbing H2.


This research was conducted in experimental scale with the aim of investigation effect of polyacrylic acidstabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles (PAA-nZVI) on lead removal from aqueous solution. In this regards, NZVI was synthesized with polyacrylic acid and their size and morphological characteristics were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). To study the effect of PAA-nZVI on lead removal, pH of aqueous solution, contact time, PAA-NZVI concentration and initial Pb(II) concentration were considered as variables. Furthermore, the experimental data of Pb(II) removal were fitted using three kinetic models, namely Zero-order, First-order and Second-order.The results of experiments showed that maximum Pb(II) removal efficiency was observed at pH=5, 15 min contact time and 5 g/L PAA-nZVI concentration. Moreover, the results of kinetic studies indicated that among all applied kinetic models, First-order kinetic model had more better prediction than other kinetic models ofPb(II) removal. Based on the results of present research, PAA-NZVI is an efficient agent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.


Abstract This study tests an integrated quality–value–loyalty model concerning a range of causal relationships of sports event service quality and perceived value on runners' loyalty, including the moderating effects of recreational specialization on the quality–value–loyalty chain. Self-administered data were collected using convenience sampling from a total of 1045 participants in the Tarako Gorge Marathon – one of the premier international sporting events, held in Taiwan's Taroko National Park. The results identified significant positive roles played in the chain, indicating that runners' loyalty to the Marathon focuses primarily on event service quality and perceived value. The moderating effects of recreation specialization (full-marathon and half-marathon groups) on the quality–value–loyalty chain were partially significant. Managerial implications and recommendations of the findings were discussed.


Engineering and Society is a five-year program at McMaster University which is available to all departments within the Faculty of Engineering. A new core course, offered for the first time in the Winter 2009 semester, was taken by Society students in their final year. This course is a capstone design course titled "Design for Society". The course culminated in a group design project wherein the students were given an open-ended problem and were asked to provide a conceptual solution. The problem involved the territorial government of Nunavut, Canada, wanting to give a boost to its tourist trade while showcasing the culture, history and heritage of their people. This case study paper provides an overview of the challenges and successes of delivering this course and will be of interest to those individuals who are contemplating the development and launch of a multidisciplinary engineering design course offering.


. In this paper, we consider the exterior Dirichlet problem for Hes- sian quotient equations with the right hand side g , where g is a positive function and g = 1 + O ( | x | − β ) near infinity, for some β > 2. Under a prescribed generalized symmetric asymptotic behavior at infinity, we establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for viscosity solutions, by using comparison principles and Perron's method. This extends the previous results for Monge–Amp`ere equations and Hessian equations.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network is widely applied in the traffic monitoring, remote sensing, search-and-rescue and military reconnaissance, and so on. In this letter, we have addressed the capacity and delay of UAV network with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> UAVs that are intended to monitor three-dimensional environment such as air pollution, toxic gas leakage, and so on. We have derived the capacity and delay scaling laws of UAV network with mobility pattern information. Namely, when UAVs return to control station to charge battery, they can assist to deliver data for the UAVs along the returning path with a store-carry-and-forward (SCF) manner. Compared with traditional multi-hop transmission, the capacity of UAV network can be improved <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Theta (({n}/({\log n})))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> times and the delay can be reduced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Theta ( {{{( {({n}/({\log n}))} )}^{1/3}}} )$ </tex-math></inline-formula> times. Hence our research may motivate the application of SCF mode in UAV network.


Abstract Introduction The position of the incisors is considered as a key landmark in treatment planning to provide the patient with the most attractive and well-balanced smile. It is important to quantify the relationship between anteroposterior position of incisors to overlying soft tissue structures. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate cephalometric changes on the soft tissue profile of the adult patients after first premolar extraction. Materials and Methods The study included pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 24 adult patients (Class II div 1 malocclusion and Class I bimaxillary protrusion) treated with preadjusted edgewise appliance following first premolar extractions. Seven angular and twelve linear soft tissue parameters were evaluated. Six hard tissue parameters were evaluated. Results All the linear and angular measurements pertaining to soft tissue and hard tissue showed significant changes. When posttreatment values were compared with pretreatment values, certain parameters (nasolabial angle, Z angle, UL and LL length, and UL strain) were found to be increased, whereas other parameters showed decrease in their posttreatment values. The tissue alteration showed statistically significant increase in nasolabial angle, Z angle, and decrease in soft tissue profile and interlabial gap. Conclusion Facial profile improvement can be enhanced by dentoalveolar and soft tissue retraction following premolar extraction.


Background: Mosques are the most holy places in the eyes of Allah-Exalted and Glorified, and the religious mosque leaders (Khateebs) who read 15-20 minutes Khutbah prior to Friday Prayers have great knowledge in religion of Islam and are considered the peace-building leaders through delivering the pertinent Friday sermons around the world. Objective: This online consenting cross-sectional survey explored the mental health awareness, perceptions, attitudes and practices of Khateebs of Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This survey used 14-items self-designed culturally competitive questionnaire and sociodemographic proforma to tap religious mosque leaders' knowledge, perceptions, practices and attitude towards mental health. Original Research Article Alhabeeb et al.; INDJ, 13(3-4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.INDJ.54289 2 Results: Majority of mosque leaders were middle aged with higher education and extensive experience as a model of true interlocutor (Khateeb). Their knowledge and practices revealed were replete with religious and spiritual healing approaches but religious mosque leaders did not completely overlook the role of psychiatric medications and mental health professionals in the management of mentally ill persons. However, religious mosque leaders showed some negative attitudes towards patients with mental disorders, and recommended 10 corrective guides including integration of mosques and religious leaders into mental health system. Conclusion: Despite mosque leader's good mental health literacy, they need further training to plug certain loopholes traced in their mental health literacy. Researchers should conduct further similar research overcoming the caveats of this survey not only in Saudi Arabia but also globally in Muslim world.


We report controlled charge transfer between large-area graphene and a dual-dielectric, silicon nitride/silicon oxide substrate. Graphene was grown on copper by chemical vapour deposition, transferred to the nitride substrates, and patterned into test structures. Hysteresis in conductance with varying gate voltage is easily understood in terms of electron transfer between graphene and nitride traps. Increased hysteresis with temperature suggests thermally activated charge transfer of a Poole-Frenkel or Schottky nature. A 7.3× change in graphene sheet resistance is observed at room temperature with the nitride in a charged and discharged state.


The structural and energetic properties of O/Ag(100) surface have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with the plane wave basis sets. The periodic slab model is employed for the systems containing surface or subsurface O atoms at the normal or missing-row Ag(100) surfaces. Three surface cells: (1 × 1), (2 × 2) and (2√2 × √2), are employed. The results show that the oxygen atoms at 4-fold hollow site for p(1 x 1) surface cell are slightly below the surface silver atoms. And the O atoms on the missing-row surface locate at the first silver layer. The hollow site is the most energetically preferred for O atomic adsorption on the (100) surface with different coverage. The adsorption energy at the hollow site on the (2√2 × √2) Ag(100) surface with the missing row structure at 0.5 ML is the highest in our studies. The surface and subsurface O atoms have different effects on the properties of substrate. The comparison of the O atomic adsorption on the three low-index Ag(111), Ag(100), Ag(110) surfaces is also reported.


We present a novel technique to measure the real-time differential optical phase spectrum from spectral interference pattern. Good measurement results are obtained on both linear and nonlinear cases through experiment and analytical simulation. From these measured results we can obtain accurate all order PMD information for the optical signal and correspondingly compensate the impairment in optical transmission links and WDM networks.


The occurrence regularity of Metasequoia red blight disease in Shanghai and Nanjing were investigated and analysed.The pathogens of the disease were identified with morphological and molecular methods.Results showed: Metasequoia of single row or sporadic distribution was more sensitive than that with a higher canopy density.The resistance of Metasequoia that used as street tree was weak,and the disease was more serious than that planted in farm.The Metasequoia with a poor growth potential was more likely to be infected,especially the ones used as street trees.By isolation and culture of diseased tissue,artificial inoculation test,morphological observation and molecular identification by ITS analysis of the isolated strain,the pathogen of Metasequoia red blight was identified as Alternaria tenuissima and Pestalotiopsis heterocornis.


Stress corrosion cracking(SCC) behavior of TA15 titanium alloy before and after 2 years exposure in marine platform and marine splashing zone was studied using WOL specimen and static displacement method.The pre-cracking condition of TA15 titanium alloy was discussed.KISCC of the alloy was measured using cracking ending method.lg(da/dt)-KI curves were plotted and the relationship between stress field intensity factors KI and velocity of crack propagation da/dt was discussed.The fracture surface was inspected using SEM and the fracture characteristics were discussed.


In this paper we introduce a suite of analytic tools to enable users of Knowledge Forum to monitor various participation and collaboration patterns, with almost instantaneous feedback to ongoing processes. Tools for semantic analysis of content similarly provide just-in-time assessment (e.g., vocabulary overlap for different documents or Knowledge Forum database segments). Early results suggest a number of ways in which concurrent and embedded assessment enhances knowledge building in classrooms.


One of the main cellular functions of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) is the vast production of lipids to provide the new born with the energy and bioactive molecules that are essential for its development and survival. Milk lipids are secreted in a structure termed milk fat globule (MFG) which buds from the MEC, enveloped with the cellular bilayer membrane. MFG membrane composition changes as a function of lactation stage, nutrition and MFG size. In addition, MFG size differs at different stages of lactation and in response to nutritional treatments. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the MEC membrane changes according to metabolic and hormonal signals in the animal's body, and that these changes are associated with milk lipid production and secretion and MFG size. The aim of this work was to find a suitable model for studying lipogenic activity and its relation to membrane composition in the mammary gland. Two in vitro models were compared: mammary gland tissue culture ('explants') and primary culture of MEC. Prolactin treatment increased fat concentration in the explants. In addition, conjugated linoleic acid decreased fat content, but only in the presence of prolactin. Despite these interesting results, the model was not reproducible. Cells of the primary MEC culture showed cytokeratin-18 mRNA and protein expression, which validated the culture's epithelial content. In addition, this model was prolactin-sensitive, as reflected by induction of α-lactalbumin expression in response to prolactin administration. Oleic acid induced the formation of large lipid droplets, and methionine addition to the oleic acid treatment further increased lipid droplet size. In conclusion, primary culture of bovine MEC was found as an appropriate model for studying lipogenic activity with a focus on membrane composition and lipid droplet size in the mammary gland.


Among several species of insects which have lately come to the notice of the Division of Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, through their ravages upon greenhouse violets, is a little species of plant-louse known to florists as the black or brown aphis. The species is now very generally distributed in the United States and occurs in Canada, although it was not known until within five or six years from the time of writing. As it appears to be undescribed, I propose the specific name violœ, and have placed it in the genus Rhopalosiphum, to which it appears to belong. The following description is submitted, pending a more detailed account of the injuries and a consideration of remedies which it is expected will shortly be published by the Department of Agriculture.


BACKGROUND: When playing the flute, flautists take an asymmetrical posture, involve their masseter muscles extraordinarily, and experience stress. All these factors can affect the temporomandibular joint.
AIM: To identify pathognomonic signs of temporomandibular dysfunction in professional musicians playing the flute by analyzing clinical examination data in combination with joint vibration.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty professional flautists and 30 asymptomatic control subjects were examined. A standard clinical examination, a questionnaire survey based on the OHIP-14 questionnaire with additional questions, and a simple Hamburg test were conducted. We also conducted joint vibration analysis in both flautists and control subjects using the BioJVA device from the BioPAK complex (BioResearch, USA).
RESULTS: The survey showed that flautists experience clicks and pain in the temporomandibular joint and pain in the muscles of the head and neck significantly more often than the control group. According to the results of the Hamburg test, symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction were detected much more often among the musicians than among the control subjects. These were clicks in the joint and pain during palpation of the masticatory and temporal muscles. Joint vibration analysis showed that the total integral in flautists tracks exceeded 20 PaHz, which was three times more often than that in the control group and indicates a pathology in the temporomandibular joint.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical examination and joint vibration analysis revealed that the symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction are more common in flute players than in the control participants; however, no pathognomonic signs of dysfunction were found.


It is analysed according to the objective instance that enterprise's development brand of our country orients the mistaken idea that strategy exists. Finally, it explains in detail the countermeasure of strategy.


Taking the example of hydraulic balance reconstruction of water heating system in a housing block in Xi'an City,this paper discussed the problem of heating network hydraulic disorder resulted from design,construction,and so on,and discussed the operation method,theoretical evidence and effect of the use of static balance valve when solving the problem of heating water network.


Background and Objectives The shortage of residency faculty in the pipeline is a growing concern to meet future workforce needs, though there is little research on attracting residents to be future faculty or what factors would influence their interest in this role. The objectives of this study were: (1) To assess the interest of third year residents (R3s) in faculty positions, and the various factors that might positively or negatively affect this decision; (2) to compare whether this changes across the R3 year; and (3) to compare between chief residents and other R3s. Methods Longitudinal survey at two points in time for each of three consecutive cohorts of R3s (2016-2018) from a regional network of family medicine residency programs. Results Among the final sample of R3s (176/545, 32% response), nearly half were interested in a residency faculty role. Strong positive influences on interest include the teaching role, advising/mentoring role, range of practice scope, and ability to perform procedures; salary and administrative responsibilities detract from interest. Among the matched sample of 96 R3s who also responded at Time 2 (55% response), non-chief residents had an increase in knowledge of and interest in the faculty role across the R3 year. Conclusions Nearly half of senior family medicine residents report positive interest in residency faculty positions and in most components of the role. Mentorship may encourage more residents to consider these positions upon graduation or shortly thereafter. More research on other specialties and with career follow up is recommended.


The World Health Organization has declared the Wuhan coronavirus [1–3] outbreak a public health emer- gency on 30th Jan, 2020. An accurate detection of the Wuhan virus is imperative to avoid false positives, since 2019-nCoV [2,3] shares significant homology [4] with other species.On the 24th of Jan, the CDC has published a list of 3 probes (Fig 1) for detecting the 2019-nCoV. Detection of all three probes would give a positive result, while detection of one or two gives an 'inconclusive result' (and obviously negative when none are found).All 3 probes will have significant homology in other strains (Table 1 and Fig 2 ) - specifically SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). A much more specific option is to look within a 500bp genomic fragment in the N-terminal of the spike protein (Accid:NC 045512.2 [2],21852-22427, SI.cdc:nCoVFULLSLICE.fa), which seems to the most perturbed in this virulent strain [5].It is also important to have a common repository for all countries to be following a similar protocol. Many papers do no provide what PCR was used to detect coronaviruses [6].


The TP53 tumor suppressor gene regulates a number of genes that are involved in cell‐cycle inhibition, apoptosis, and maintaining genetic stability. Recently, two genes that have a role in immunosurveillance were identified as downstream targets of TP53. These genes, TAP1 and fractalkine, may contribute to suppress tumor growth through host immunosurveillance. It has been reported that the mouse secreted phosphoprotein osteopontin (Opn) is one of the key cytokines for type 1 immune responses mediated by macrophages. It also was reported that Opn may play a role in suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Here we identified Opn as a Tp53‐target gene using mRNA differential display analysis of embryonic fibroblasts from Tp53‐deficient mice. Furthermore, we found that Opn expression was upregulated by DNA damage–induced Tp53 activity and by adenovirus‐mediated transfer of the human TP53 gene. In addition, a luciferase assay showed that the Opn gene has a functional Tp53‐responsive element in its promoter region, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed interaction between the Opn promoter and Tp53 protein in vivo. These results suggest that OPN is a direct transcriptional target of TP53. The TP53‐directed regulation of OPN expression suggests a novel model of TP53 participation in immunosurveillance, involving interaction with the host immune system to prevent damaged cells from undergoing malignant transformation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this work, we present first data on biological and ecological aspects of Gobius incognitus from specimens from the Ionian Sea (central Mediterranean Sea). In particular, we provided first data on habitat preference, diet and length-weight relationship of G. incognitus on material with confirmed species identity. The species preferred "mixed bottom" (sand and rocks), where it reached relatively high abundances. The diet analysis showed that G. incognitus is a generalist and opportunistic feeder. However, small benthic crustaceans were the most important prey group. The mean total length of specimens was 6.72 ± 1.85 cm and the growth was positive allometric.


The study of 'Chail Series', 'Jaunsar Series' and 'Simla Slates' in the Simla Himalaya has brought out the incongruities in the present lithostratigraphy of these formations. The Simla group, divisible into four formations, is the revised classification proposed. The Basantpur, with shale, siltstone and abundant limestone interbeds, is at the bottom of the Simla group sequence, and in the ascending order, succeeded by the Kunihar with shale and stromatolitic limestone, the Chhaosa containing flysch sediments and the Sanjauli with conglomerate and grit facies. The Simla group represents a typical geosynclinal cycle of sedimentation deposited over the Shali, Sundernagar and Mandi-Darla volcanic rocks.


A Master of Arts thesis in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) by Abdallah Tanfouri entitled, "Exploring Attitudes of Teachers and Students to the Integration of Technology in EFL Classrooms," April 2013. Thesis advisor is Dr. David Prescott. Available are both hard and soft copies of the thesis.


This work investigates three-phase electromagnetic interference (EMI) conducted emission (CE) measurements with the aim to separate the noise voltages in their common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) parts. By doing so, the converter input and/or output filter stages can be individually optimized to improve the CM or DM attenuation depending on the origin of the CE disturbances. An overview of various ways to achieve this separation is provided and an active three-phase noise separator is presented. The main advantage of the presented active solution is the absence of magnetic components in the signal path which drastically facilitates the matching at high frequencies. The influence of asymmetries and mismatches of the component parasitics as well as in the circuit board layout are analyzed. To assess the performance of the proposed system according to widely known metrics such as CM and DM transfer functions and rejection ratios, different test methods are established and the implied limitations regarding maximum measurable performance are considered. Finally, experimental results verifying the calculated separation capabilities are provided.


The article deals with approaches to defining the optimum result of internal affairs bodies in the system of economic safety. The author offers five strategies for management of internal affairs, to achieve optimal results


Abstract This work aims to present the partial results of a project to collect and analyze all the issues of the Newsletters of Commission C1 (Astronomy Education and Development), formerly named Commission 46. The sources and the (hard) work to obtain printed editions, digitalize and make them available on the Internet are shown. Over 40 years, 86 issues from 1977 until 2017 were published. The Newsletters list the structure of the Commission featuring the names of presidents, vice-presidents, organizing committee, editors, printing and distribution responsible with editorial and presidential letters in the cover. A preliminary analysis of contents of the published material is done. The results present the main subjects of stories that were related to papers, teaching materials, book reviews, courses and meetings. Many solar eclipses and other phenomena were reported. Reports of important projects of the commission were published, such as: International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYAs), the travelling telescope among others WG projects. Stories of travels and triennial reports from many countries were continuously published presenting many actions and activities for all school levels, non-school activities such as planetariums and many other astronomy subjects. Reports of the education sessions and business meetings held during the IAU GAs and projects in developing countries complemented these publications. Occasionally, papers dealing with great questions and subjects can be found. There are many published contributions that show the participation of many members from many countries and the efforts to improve the astronomy education throughout the world. The surveyed material can be very useful for the next generations of astronomy education researchers, practitioners and teachers, not only as a repository of historical documents, but also as an inspiration for future projects.


Phenolic compounds are important and often classified as "second type" of environmental pollutants. Hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CT), ,and resorcinol (RS), are three isomers of dihydroxy benzene that often coexist in environmental samples. They are usually employed as industrial reagents in the production of rubber, dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Due to their similar structures, it was important to develop a simultaneous and simple analytical procedure to detect them in their binary and tertiary mixture. There are some prevalent methods to remove phenols from waste effluents such as chemical oxidation, coagulation, solvent extraction, liquid membrane permeation and adsorption. Among these methods, adsorption is an effective method to remove relatively low molecular weight organic compounds with moderate and low concentrations.


We propose an improved image classification method using fuzzy neural network (EFNN) which describes an algorithm in order to create a class rule based on the training data image. Redundant rule on 2 or more of data training image is generated in some data processing. A solution to the problem using backtracking algorithm, which will determine the appropriate class rule, is used by one of the training data images. Thus, every rule has an image of the appropriate class. In the process of inputting the data EFNN algorithm, 7 statistical parameters are used as a representation of the image characteristics, for feature extraction using wavelet Haar 2. The image becomes more leverage and has different characteristics to the representation of the image of the other. All input from crisp number is converted into fuzzy number with 5 membership function, which are Very Low, Low, Medium, High and Very High. Here, each image is represented by 7 statistical parameters and each parameter is divided into 5 categories. Percentage of accuracy in the classification process by using algorithms EFNN is above 95 percent for all data training, especially when it is compared with the original FNN.


The method (300) for allocating resources to a mobile station. The method may include receiving a wireless communication network (110) message from an authorized user (120), requesting a reservation on a communication resource (105) the mobile station, and the mobile station to automatically reserved communication resources according to the request. Receiving a message through a wireless communication network may include receiving a message from the mobile station. The message may be received from the master mobile station (115). In one embodiment, the message may include a mobile station calendar entry. Initiating a call in response to receiving the calendar entry on the mobile station. The call may be for example a selective dynamic group (SDG) call.


How to match two large graphs by maximizing the number of matched edges, which is known as maximum common subgraph matching and is NP-hard. A new anchor-selection / expansion approach to compute an initial matching is presented in the paper. We give heuristics to select a small number of important anchors using a new similarity score, which measures how two nodes in two different graphs are similar to be matched by taking both global and local information of nodes into consideration. And then by expanding from the anchors selected we work out a good initial matching. The expansion is based on structural similarity among the neighbors of nodes in two graphs. The approach that can efficiently match two large graphs over thousands of nodes with high matching quality is proved in theorized. .


The study aimed at investigating the effect of women entrepreneurship skills on the nutritional and health status of preschool children in three nursery and primary schools in Ohahji Egbema LGA. A total of 197 preschool children aged 2-5 years was selected from three nursery and primary schools in Ohaji Local Government Area. The results showed that preschool children whose mothers were involved in business ventures had higher but significant anthropometric indices than those whose mother were not involved in any business ventures (p<0.05) both in the groups and between sexes. Similar results were obtained between sexes for energy and protein intakes of the preschoolers. There were significant associations between mother's business ventures and anthropometric indices, energy and protein intakes as well as health status of the preschool children (p<0.05). There were similar observations in health care and treatment measures of the preschool children. Women entrepreneurship skills improve the income of mothers which in turn enhances the nutrition and health status of preschool children. Government should establish more entrepreneur skill training centres at Local Government Areas as this would assist women to improve their skills.


The invention discloses a synthesis process for 1,2,3-triacetoxy-5-deoxy-D-ribose, which is produced from D-ribose. 1-O-methyl-D-ribose is generated under catalysis of acid, generate 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-O-methyl-D-ribose with protection of acetone, reacting it with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride to generate 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-O-methyl-5-O-p-toluene sulfonyl-D-ribose, generate product 1-O-methy-5-O-p-toluene sulfonyl-D-ribose by acid hydrolysis, generate 1-O-methy-5-O-deoxy-D-ribose by reaction under weak alkaline condition, then objective product 1,2,3-triacetoxy-5-deoxy-D-ribose is obtained by acetylate. Material of the process is easy to get, operations are simple and safe, and raney nickel is prevented from hydrogenation. Yield of each step is high, and overall yield is 63%.


ii DEDICATION PAGE I dedicate this thesis to my brother, Josh Holman, whose unwaivering ability to exceed the expectations of every neurosurgeon and neurologist assigned to his case has inspired my study of neuroscience and has continued to provide a constant and marvelous reminder that perceptual limitations do not have to be absolute.


A novel podand ligand using crown ether as skeleton and N-benzylsalicylamide as functional arms, 4,5-bi {2'-methylbenzeneaminoformyl)phenoxyl]methyl}-benzo-12-crown-4 (L), and As rare earth nitrate complexes have been synthesized. The,,e complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements and IR spectroscopy. Spectrographic analyses Suggest that the complexes show a similar coordination mode. At the same time, the luminescent properties of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes were also studied.


A thermolabile toxin (molecular weight, 52 711; isoelectric point, 8.65) produced by a clinical isolate of Vibrio cholerae serogroup non-O1 was cytotoxic for Y-1 mouse adrenal cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The toxin lysed rabbit red blood cells and produced a hemorrhagic zone in rabbit skin. When injected intravenously into adult mice, the cytolysin was rapidly lethal and caused fluid accumulation in both 5- and 18-h rabbit ileal loops. Strains of V. cholerae that produced cytolysin but no cholerae enterotoxin were able to cause fluid accumulation in rabbit intestinal loops.


This study describes the personal pronominal forms in a community of African hue in Para aiming to compare it with the system of personal pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese certificated in the literature. We present considerations on the subject "rural communities - quilombos" emphasizing the importance of greater knowledge of these communities to a better understanding of the history of African peoples and languages in Brazil.


Standardization of herbal formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles, physical, chemical, phyto-chemical, and standardization, and In-vitro, In-vivo parameters. Evaluation of herbal drug is an important tool in the formulation of high quality herbal products. Quality of herb is depends upon on many factors like cultivation, collection, drying, storage, processing for market etc. Now a day's substitution and adulteration of herb is very common due to scarcity of drug and its high price prevailing in the market. Owing to medicinal properties attributed to an herb, it is necessary to maintain its quality and purity in the commercial market. A present overview covering various tool like morphological, microscopical, physical, chemical and biological employed for evaluation of herbal drugs. KEYWORD: Herbs, Adulteration, Quality, Evaluation, Microscopy. INTRODUCTION Recent adverse events with Herbal Supplements in countries such as the US, clearly point towards the urgent need for Herbal Standardization and Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy. [6] Drugs from botanical sources (herbal medicines) are routinely used in India from ancient times and these botanical medicines are rapidly becoming popular in developed countries including USA. The statistics show that almost 40% of Indian population relies on these botanical medicines. [23] World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 4, Issue 11, 400-417. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105


Dynamical systems, or chaos theory, is the study of the long-term behavior of systems that evolve over time. We analyze, for example, the movements of the solar system (this is the n-body problem, which is still unsolved), or the state of the atmosphere and the weather, or the population of the state of Georgia, or the expansion and contraction of heart muscle, or the strategic behavior of economic agents. Mathematically speaking, a dynamical system is just a set X of possible states (the state space), along with a rule, or function, f which, given the current state, tells you what the next state will be. For example, if we know the positions and velocities of all the bodies in the solar system right now, then Newton's laws of motion tell us where they will be a year from now. What we are learning is that even very simple rules can lead to extremely complicated, or chaotic, behavior. A famous example is the butterfly effect – even a tiny little change, like a butterfly flapping its wings, can create big consequences, like a hurricane the next year. Another is the Mandelbrot set (Fig. 1), a fractal which arises from the rule f(z) = z + c. In the presence of chaotic dynamics, it is impossible to predict exactly how a system will behave. Instead, we try to answer questions such as, What kinds of behavior are possible? Will the system ever return to its current state? How chaotic is the behavior likely to be? (We can't predict the high temperature in Atlanta on August 1, 2013, but we can say that it will probably be at least 60◦.) In my field, topological dynamics, we study systems that have a certain structure (namely, the rule f governing the system must be continuous), and use that structure to try


Experimental manipulation of body weight in rats causes precise adjustments to the pattern of fast skeletal muscle troponin T (TNNT3) alternative splicing, so that it matches that of animals with actual body weight equivalent to that of the weight‐manipulated rats. In this study, we examined muscle cell‐autonomous TNNT3 alternative splicing responses to increased strain, and the potential role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway in mediating these responses. To this end, C2C12 myotubes were exposed to intermittent cyclic strain (0.5Hz, 15%) for 24–48 hours, in the presence or absence of rapamycin. After treatment, we measured the relative abundance of individual TNNT3 splice forms in the total TNNT3 mRNA mixture, and quantified phosphorylation of S6K1, a downstream effector of mTORC1. Experimentally imposed strain caused significant alterations to the relative abundance of TNNT3 splice forms that correlated with observed changes in mTORC1 signaling. Rapamycin treatment caused effects that either were independent of, or attenuated specific TNNT3 splice form responses to imposed strain regimes. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate effects of cyclic strain on TNNT3 alternative splicing in muscle cell culture, and suggest a modulatory role of mTORC1 signaling in the regulation of TNNT3 alternative splicing in vivo. (Supported by NIH grant DK‐15658)


The purpose of this work was to analyze the dynamics of soil biomass and its activity in a soil fertilized with N andcultivated under conventional or zero tillage systems. The soil under conventional tillage had larger biomass than underzero tillage but, in this latter condition, it was further increased by the N-fertilization. Dehydrogenase activity inthe soil was identical under both management systems suggesting similar levels of activity. In addition, fertilizationdid not modify the nitrogen mineralization capacity of the soil. Only the addition of calcareous NH4NO3, a fertilizerthat releases nitrogen much faster than urea, resulted in the immobilization of nitrogen during wheat tillering, whereasurea did not alter soil N mineralization. The lack of a significant biomass response to tilling practices was reflectedby the wheat biomass and grain yield, that was the same under both tilling systems. Only the total N content of wheatwas higher under zero tillage than under conventional management, although this did not result in an increment ingrain yield.


The unacceptably high number of accidents on European roads together with an increasing public demand for improved road capacity and comfort sets entirely new demands on road infrastructure. The costs of maintaining and developing the capacity of European road networks is ever increasing due to anticipated increases in freight transport demand and increased axle loads and traffic volumes. The INTRO project aims to address the problems of road safety and capacity combining sensing technologies and local databases with real-time networking technologies. This will improve both road safety and capacity by providing rapid feedback of emerging problems to maintenance authorities and road users: Validation of real-time warning systems at network level to achieve a significant decrease in the number of accidents due tosurprise effects from sudden local changes in weather (e.g., onset of ice and rain) resulting in low friction and hence skidding. Use of Europe's most advanced driver simulator to optimise driver responses to new types of information. Fusion of different sensor types data (infrastructure or car based) to improve real time safety and performance indicators estimation and prediction. Innovative use and combination of new and existing sensor technologies in pavements and bridges in order to prevent accidents, enhance traffic flows and significantly extend the lifetimes of existing infrastructure by improving maintenance planning. A synergistic clustering action led by FEHRL (Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratories) will actively seek to integrate results and shape current and emerging practice with other national and international projects using the extensive network of the FEHRL institutes. Dissemination of results to users at a pan-European level will be given a high priority in the project. This will result in guidelines and implementation strategies for Intelligent Road Systems with a particular focus on the needs of new member states(A). Only abstract (as above) is available from the conference proceedings. For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E212343.


The theoretical concept underlying this empirical study is the assumption that travel behavior depends on three major complexes of determining factors: (1) individual travel needs and compulsions associated with a person's role in family and society and with life cycle status; (2) mobility opportunities, i.e. the individual's technical, economic, and physical ability to carry out movements in space; and (3) spatial opportunities, i.e. the availability and quality of facilities and services. The study adopted a 3-step research strategy: (1) Segmentation into social groups which are homogeneous with respect to travel needs and compulsions; (2) Measurement and analysis of mobility opportunities for each group; and (3) Analysis of the impact of mobility opportunities on travel behavior for each group. At the different stages a variety of statistical methods, preferably multivariate techniques were applied. The main results of the study may be summarized briefly as follows: The general structure of a person's travel pattern is strongest affected by role factors and life cycle status; car availability varies with social group membership but only little with spatial structure whereas the opposite holds for the availability of public transport modes; mobility opportunities have only minor influence on the individual's propensity to engage in non-home activities; total daily travel time does not vary significantly with mobility opportunities; and the role of mobility opportunities is that of a factor governing the individual's activity space. Better mobility opportunities are almost exclusively utilized to travel at higher speeds to more distant destinations. No tendency towards time saving in absolute terms could be found. These findings, especially the last one, have a number of important theoretical and political implications.


This paper presents the relationship between the Atterberg limits and soil compaction parameters obtained by the correlation- regression analysis. The relations between the liquid limit wl, plastic limit wp, maximum dry density dmax and optimum moisture content wopt are obtained on the basis of the results of laboratory tests measured on a large number of samples of clay core earthfill dams Rovni, Selova, Prvonek and Barje. The regression and correlation analysis were obtained empirical equations and diagrams. Based on the obtained, the value of the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of knowing the Atterberg limits of plasticity can be estimated.


During the past five years we have supported the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto in the Human Factors evaluation of nuclear fossil fuel electric generation plants and transmission and distribution centers throughout the United States. This included interviewing operators and maintainers, reviewing incidents associated with human errors, physical measurement of environmental conditions, direct observations of operator behavior, checklist evaluations, critical incident data gathering and structured discussions with vendors and their engineering staffs.


The ways of rendering the onomastic classifier in the English names of Russian ergonyms in intercultural business communication are described. The most typical form of naming the components of the onomastic classifier is calquing. Borrowing is characteristic for naming the abbreviated form of the components. The incorporation of the components of the onomastic classifier into the onomastic complex is the most confusing item in this field.


Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines KY98– 2047 (Reg. no. GP-311, PI 639683) and KY98–2932 (Reg. no. GP-312, PI 639684) were developed by the University of Kentucky and released in September 2004. These lines have value as parents in soybean improvement programs because of their extra-dense pubescence density and their improved agronomic characteristics compared to currently available extra-dense pubescence soybean germplasm. Soybean lines with dense pubescence (either genotype Pd1Pd1pd2pd2 or pd1pd1Pd2Pd2) produce an approximately 10-fold increase in leaf trichome density compared to normal pubescence soybean (genotype pd1pd1pd2pd2) while extra-dense pubescence soybean lines (genotype Pd1Pd1Pd2Pd2) have double the leaf trichome density of dense pubescence soybean (Gunasinghe et al., 1988; Ren et al., 2000). Extra-dense pubescence soybean lines reduce the field spread of Soybean mosaic virus (Ren et al., 2000), and soybean with increased pubescence density may be valuable in improving drought tolerance (Specht and Williams, 1985). Both lines were selected as individual F4 plants and composited in the F5 generation. KY98–2047 is from the cross ('CF492' 3 'Calhoun') 3 KY94–3126 (Pfeiffer et al., 1996; Pfeiffer, 1994). KY98–2932 is from the cross 'Macon' 3 KY94– 3121 (Nickell et al., 1996). Lines KY94–3121 and KY94–3126 were extra-dense pubescence selections from the cross 'Hutcheson' 3 L79–1815 (Buss et al., 1988). Dr. R.L. Bernard, USDAARSandUniv. of Illinois, produced lineL79–1815, near isogenic to 'Clark' (Johnson, 1958) containing the dominant alleles of genes Pd1 (from PI 80837) and Pd2 (from genetic type T264). Leaf abaxial trichome density on field grown plants (counted in 1999 at Lexington, KY) averaged 475 trichomes cm for lines with normal pubescence density, 1600 trichomes cm for lines with dense pubescence and ranged from 2525 to 5500 trichomes cm for lines with extra-dense pubescence. While both registered lines have extra-dense pubescence, KY98–2047 (3475 trichomes cm) has very rugose leaves compared to KY98–2932 (2650 trichomes cm) which has a normal leaf appearance. Both lines are of relative maturity 5.0 maturing at the same time as 'Manokin' (Kenworthy et al., 1996). KY98– 2047 has purple flowers, gray pubescence, tan pod color, buff hilum color, and determinate growth habit. KY98–2932 has purple flowers, gray pubescence, brown pod color, imperfect black hilum color, and determinate growth habit. Both lines were tested at three Kentucky environments in breeding tests over 2 yr, in seven environments in the 2002 USDA regional preliminary group V test (Paris, 2003), and in five environments in the 2003 Kentucky Soybean Performance Tests (Lacefield and Pfeiffer, 2003). In the Kentucky breeding tests, the two germplasm lines yielded 36% more than the original donor of the Pd1Pd2 alleles (L79–1815, relative maturity 4.2, 3090 kg ha) and 20% more than the mean of the first cycle extra-dense pubescence selections KY94–3121 and KY94–3126 (both relative maturity 5.0, 3440 kg ha). In the USDA regional preliminary tests, KY98–2047 yielded 2760 kg ha and KY98–2932 yielded 2620 kg ha. KY98–2932 was significantly lower yielding than Hutcheson (3030 kg ha). In the Kentucky Soybean Performance Tests, KY98–2047 yielded 3660 kg ha and KY98–2932 yielded 3510 kg ha, both significantly lower than the maturity group V check cultivar Hutcheson (4290 kg ha). In the USDA regional preliminary tests, neither germplasm line differed significantly from Hutcheson in lodging score, height, seed protein concentration, and seed oil concentration. Seed size in these tests was 140 mg seed for KY98–2047 and 166 mg seed for KY98–2932. Seeds of KY98–2047 and KY98–2932 will be deposited in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and may be requested from the corresponding author for research purposes, including the development and commercialization of new cultivars. Appropriate recognition is requested if this germplasm contributes to the development of a new cultivar.


Objective To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large sessile colorectal polyps. Methods One hundred and thirty five patients with 157 large ( 1. 5 cm) sessile colorectal polyps referred for EMR. After submucosal injection of epinephrine, either en bloc or piecemeal snare polypectomy were performed. All resected specimens were retrieved for pathologic study. Follow-up colonoscopy was performed in all patients after EMR. Results All 157 polyps were removed completely. All lesions are larger than 1. 5cm, but 3 less than 1 cm on the submucosa of rectum. The largest one is 13 cm X 12 cm. No complication occurred. Histopathologic assessment of the resection specimens revealed the following: adenoma, 123; dysplasia, 80; mucosal carcinoma, 11; hyperplastic polyps, 20; rectal carcinoid, 3. Two patients who had rectal adenoma that was larger than 7cm recurrence happened at the resection site after 1 and 3 months follow-up respectively, than removed completely by hot biopsy forceps showed hyperplastic and villous adenoma on pathological study. No more residual tumor was detected for 6-12 months. Conclusion EMR with an intensive follow-up program is a safe and effective treatment for large sessile colorectal polyps and mucosal carcinoma.


AN INTUITIVE AND SEMIANALYTIC DISCUSSION OF YIELDABLE ROCK BOLTS IS SUBSTANTIATED BY ON-SITE TEST RESULTS, AND A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED OF THE STABILIZING EFFECTS OF PLACING FULLY GROUTED ROCK BOLTS IMMEDIATELY AFTER EXCAVATION. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT UNDER THE CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN FRACTURED ROCKWALLS THE STRENTH OF THE FRACTURED ROCK TENDS TO PROMOTE STABILITY PROVIDED IT IS RETAINED IN POSITION. BECAUSE ROCK BOLTS CAN BE TENSIONED DURING INSTALLATION AND HAVE A MODULUS 2--3 TIMES GREATER THAN THE ROCK IN WHICH THEY ARE INSTALLED, THEY SUPPLY THE NECESSARY EARLY RESTRAINT. HOWEVER, THEIR CAPACITY TO YIELD IS PROVIDED ONLY BY THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF THE STEEL AND IS LIMITED TO A FEW INCHES, AND AT STRAIN VELOCITIES OVER 100 FT/SEC PLASTIC YIELD CANNOT OCCUR. THE TESTS REPORTED HERE EMPLOYED A RECENTLY DEVELOPED YIELDING DEVICE---A SMOOTH-BORED DIE OF INTERNAL DIAMETER SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE BOLT STUD BUT APPRECIABLY SMALLER THAN THE CREST DIAMETER OF THE THREAD FOLLED ON THE STUD---TO OVERCOME THESE LIMITATIONS. YIELDING BOLTS WERE TESTED WITH CONVENTIONAL ONES IN A SUITABLE TEST DRIFT, USING CONTROLLED PERIPHERAL BLASTING TO CAUSE LARGE, HIGH-VELOCITY DESPLACEMENTS CHARACTERISTIC OF ROCK BURSTS. DECOUPLED EXPLOSIVES WERE DETONATED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN LONG AXIAL HOLES SPACED AROUND THE PERIPHERY OF THE TUNNEL. THE CONVENTIONALLY BOLTED SIDE WAS COMPLETELY DESTROYED, WHILE THE YIELDING BOLTS AND WIRE MESH REMAINED INTACT AND PREVENTED APPRECIABLE DAMAGE. THE TEST PROCEDURES AND RESULTS ARE DESCRIBED, AND THE RELEVANCE OF THE RESULTS TO ACTUAL ROCKBURSTS IS DISCUSSED AND CONCLUDED TO BE HIGH. GROUTING USUALLY COMES CONSIDERABLY AFTER EXCAVATION AND STABILIZATION ARE CONCLUDED TO SIMPLIFY THE BOLTING PROCEDURE AND ELIMINATE THE EFFECTS OF NEARBY BLASTING ON FRESH GROUTED BOLTS, SO THAT THE EFFECTS OF FULLY GROUTED BOLTS ON EARLY ROCK STABILIZATION AFTER EXCAVATION HAVE NOT GENERALLY BEEN NOTED. CALCULATIONS ARE PRESENTED SHOWING WHY A FULLY GROUTED ROCK BOLT PLACED AND GROUTED IMMEDIATELY AFTER ROCK EXCAVATION, EVEN THOUGH INITIALLY UNTENSIONED, SHOULD BE SEVERAL TIMES MORE EFFECTIVE THAN A TENSIONED BUT UNGROUTED BOLT IN PREVENTING ROCK DILATION.


In this paper we study a multi-robot path planning problem for persistent monitoring of an environment. We represent the areas to be monitored as the vertices of a weighted graph. For each vertex, there is a constraint on the maximum time spent by the robots between visits to that vertex, called the latency, and the objective is to find the minimum number of robots that can satisfy these latency constraints. The decision version of this problem is known to be PSPACE-complete. We present a $O$(log p) approximation algorithm for the problem where $p$ is the ratio of the maximum and the minimum latency constraints. We also present an orienteering based heuristic to solve the problem and show through simulations that in most of the cases the heuristic algorithm gives better solutions than the approximation algorithm. We evaluate our algorithms on large problem instances in a patrolling scenario and in a persistent scene reconstruction application. We also compare the algorithms with an existing solver on benchmark instances.


Objectives: To investigate the expression of survivin and its relationship to cyclin D1?cell proliferation index(PI) and microvessel density(MVD) in colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The expression of survivin?cyclin D1?ki-67 and CD31 was detect by immunohistochemical technique ( S-P) in 12 normal colorectal mucosae , 28 adenomas and 46 carcimomas. Results: The positive rates of survivin and cyclin D1 expression in normal colorectal mucosa?adenoma and carcinoma were 0%,14.3%,65.2%;8.3%,25%,58.7%; respectively. Expressions of survivin and cyclin D1 were higher in colorectal carcinoma than in normal colorectal mucosae and adenomas ( P 0.01). The expression of survivin and cyclin D1 has no obvious relation with clinical pathologic parameter in colorectal carcinoma ( P0.05). The expression of survivin was positively correlated with cyclin D1?PI and MVD in colorectal carcinoma(P 0.05). Conclusion :Survivin may play an important role in the early part of the developing course of colorectal cancer and it may become a potential early diagnostic marker.Survivin may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of colorectal carcinoma through promoting cell cycle progression,cell proliferation and angiogenesis.


Household headship among married couples has usually been equated with one main economic provider of the household almost always the husband. Despite the dramatic rise in married womens labor force participation the proportion of married women who are head of household remains small 3.7 percent in 1980 rising to only 6.9 percent in 1990. This paper examines to what degree married female headship reflects headship in the traditional sense (the head is the main or only breadwinner of a. married couple) versus other non-economic explanations. Using the 1980-1990 U.S. Censuses we find strong support for a traditional explanation of headship: married women who are primary economic providers (i.e. women contributing 70 percent or more of a couples income) are much more likely to head the household than women in marriages where neither spouse is the main provider. However persistent race and education effects indicate that economics is not the only factor driving married womens headship. (authors)


An insurance company is a business, a complicated and risky business. The role of the insurance company physician requires both medical knowledge and understanding of the goals and objectives of the company. The special knowledge possessed by the medical director may be employed in many facets of the business of insurance.1 "It is the doctor's ability to understand his company and apply his level of post graduate education and knowledge toward the company's workings in general that make him a maximally valued asset to the compa~ y and, hopefull3~ part of its trusted managemenL"2 The medical director's ability to read a ~art, make mortality assumptions, and factor what medical impairments could be of potential signifi'cance are very important. The medical director should also understand, however, that there can be risks beyond those bargained for by the company. This article will try to inform medical dh~ectors about some of the ways they may help their insurance companies to avoid paying for claims that were not intended to be covered when the insurance contract was drafted, underwritten, or sold. There are several very important fianctions relating to life, health or disability insurance where the insurer may be exposed to claims beyond those which it intends to include in the insurance contract. These include: drafting of the insuran~ contract itself (including endorsements and exclusions), drafting and interpreting the application for the insurance policy, evaluating claims, and decisions made under case management plans. There are some basic legal concepts which affect what happens when a claim is made under an insurance policy. First of all, an insurance policy is a contract. How the courts interpret contracts will obviously affect the insurance company's obligations to pay. There are duties which arise either from the common law or statutes that also determine how and when insurance companies will be liable. Finally, the equitable doctrines of waiver and estoppel can sometimes result in coverage for claims even though the insurer did not intend to cover those claims when the insurance contact was issued.


A braking device (100) for an axle (1000) of an electric vehicle is provided. The braking device (100) includes a service brake (50) and a parking brake (70). The braking device (100) is characterized in that the parking brake (70) in turn a mechanical device for locking / unlocking (80) an actuating piston (71), wherein the actuating piston (71) is formed to a common disc brake holder (60) to act.


The electrical design, chart of control circuit and its characteristics, including centralization control , overload protection, selection switch of interlocking or single machine operation are introduced of BB fertilizer productive line in the company.


Natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters negatively impacts drinking water treatment and is a precursor of harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). Granular activate carbon (GAC) filters are integral components of many drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) due to the ability to remove NOM and organic micro pollutants from raw waters. However, GAC filters lose adsorption capacity and convert to biologically activated carbon (BAC) filter relatively quickly. This paper reports on a full-scale BAC filter modification strategy to enhance short-term NOM removal. This is achieved by adding a small amount of fresh GAC to BAC filters which increases adsorption while maintaining biological degradation of organics by the microbes attached to the BAC. This strategy was implemented at two treatment plants in Sweden. Modified filters showed better removal of humic-like and protein-like NOM fractions than reference filters that did not receive fresh GAC, indicating improved functioning of both adsorption and biological treatment. The result shows that both biodegradation and adsorption mechanism improved within the filters.


The present invention relates to the field of information technology, and more particularly to an electronic system and a currency fund distribution method, and can be used to solve the problem of mutual settlement between participants of an electronic payment system in a real-time mode. In doing this, electronic banker checks that comply with banking regulations and applicable legal requirements are similar to the currency funds of the invention provided. Client application units are grouped into modules by categories corresponding to the user status determined by the authentication unit of the client and server application by providing the possibility to pre-set groups of check distribution parameters for each category. Rendered as: Check issuance involves the creation of a legally valid document and the reflection of the transaction in the check register.


Accurate electricity consumption forecasting can improve the efficiency of grid dispatching and effectively guarantee the stable operation of the power system. Electricity consumption forecasting is important for the analysis of customer-side electricity consumption behavior, but the instability of electricity consumption sequences poses difficulties for forecasting. Therefore, an improved combination of integrated empirical modal decomposition (EMD) and long short-term memory network (LSTM) is proposed for customer-side electricity consumption forecasting. This paper starts from the idea of blind source separation and independent prediction, and firstly decomposes the original electricity consumption data into several inherent mode functions (IMFs) with different frequencies and amplitudes by empirical modal decomposition (EMD), and then uses LSTM to extract features and make temporal prediction for each IMF component one by one with machine learning intelligent algorithm., and finally obtains end-user-side short-term electricity consumption prediction results by accumulating multiple target prediction results. Compared with direct forecasting, the proposed EMD-LSTM independent forecasting model is able to identify the characteristics of each frequency component of electricity consumption data, and its error is reduced by about 15% on average, thus achieving the goal of improving the accuracy of load forecasting in short-term electricity consumption forecasting scenarios.


The invention relates to a mobile emergency power supply based on a system converter in the technical field of power supplies, which comprises a battery module, the multi-functional converter, a direct current reactor, three alternating current reactors, two direct current voltage-stabilizing capacitors, eight contactors and a main control circuit module. A DSP2812 digital signal processor is used as a core controller, a touch screen is adopted as a system upper computer, the running state of a system is selected, a running command signal of the system is given out, and the operation is simple. The core part of the power supply is the multi-functional converter, and the system can work in one state of direct current conversion, PWM rectification and PWM inversion by leading the contactorsto close different loops. Electrical energy can be derived from four inputs of wind energy, solar energy, commercial power and a diesel engine, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the system.


Retail is a dog-eat-dog world - and nobody has cannibalized market share more ruthlessly or influenced consumers, communities and competition around the world more profoundly than "category killers" like Wal-Mart, Toys R Us, and Costco. This book explores how they did it, what other companies can glean from their killer strategies, and what's next in retail's future.


The development of an economically viable space-based solar power (SBSP) system is critical to the Earth's future and for future space development. PowerSat technology is also critical to supporting sustainable private and government space ventures, including space lift, space exploration and space infrastructure development. Such a system would greatly expand the need for space lift capability from small reusable launch vehicles for SBSP satellite maintenance to large expendable launch vehicles for deploying GW class SBSP satellites into orbit. The technology needed for SBSP is also needed for inspace solar electric transportation systems needed for space colonization as the technology is the same. The hope has been that gradual improvement in photovoltaic or other technologies such as thermal systems would solve the mass to orbit problem for SBSP systems. However, this in itself does not appear sufficient to make SBSP economically viable. This paper presents a new architectural option for SBSP using a Sun -synchronous orbit (SS-O), wireless power transmission (WPT) and a space power relay (SPR). This new concept is called The Space Grid. The Space Grid relies on the use of two separate satellite constellations. The power satellite (PowerSat) constellation is placed in SS-O dusk to dawn orbit at 800km and has access to constant sunlight and is used to produce the power. The Equatorial reflector satellite (ReflectorSat) constellation is in a 4,000km equatorial orbit and is used to distribute the power to the rectenna on the Earth's surface. The power is produced by the PowerSats in SS-O and beamed to the ReflectorSats in equatorial orbit and then bounced to the rectenna on the ground. This combination allows for the production and distribution of power to the Earth's surface without the problems normally associated with non-Geostationary (GEO) PowerSat concepts and without having to place the PowerSats in GEO. The Space Grid reduces the mass of a PowerSat transmitter by approximately 67% by moving it closer then past GEO concepts and allows for higher power levels and therefore much smaller (60%) and less costly rectenna on the ground and reduces the minimum size from 5GW to only 2GW allowing quicker deployment of space energy to solve the Earth's energy problems. WPT transmission could be microwave or laser but for this paper microwave will be used for easier comparison with past concepts. Acronyms


A. Morphological StudiesRegarding to shapes of the epiglottis of the human larynx, they were classified into four types; infantile, arc, roof and omega types. At every part of 74 epiglottis, measurements of their sizes were performed.The results were as follows:-1. Concerning the length of the major axis of the epiglottis and its surface area facing to the larynx, significant differences were not observed among these types except the infantile type.2. Area of the upper part of the epiglottis projected on the plane identical with the upper surface of the vocal cords, and the angle formed by the epiglottis and a forementioned plane were larger in the types of roof and arc than that of the omega and infantile types.3. The angle between the epiglottis and the frontal plane vertical to the upper surface of the vocal cords was the largest in the infantile type and in the order of omega, roof and arc types it was gradually decreased.B. Aero-Hydrodynamical StudiesAero-hydrodynamical meaning of the epiglottis-shape was studied experimentally by using cadaver's epiglottis or epiglottis, models in the smoke or water flow.1. During expiration, the flow passing through the larynx converged to the center of the laryngeal lumen in the case of the omega type.2. During inspiration, amount of the reverse flow at the lingual side of the epiglottis was estimated smaller in the case of arc and omega types than in the other types.3. By the epiglottis inspiratory air flow changes its direction as if there is a jump stages gliding down snow-covered inclines on skis.


Cardiovascular diseases are the main reasons for morbidity and mortality in world. Some risk factors adopted in adolescence may be present until adulthood, increasing the population's predisposition to the development of these diseases. Identify risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in adolescents. A descriptive, transversal and exploratory research, consisting of a sample of 208 students. Eating habits, lifestyle, sociodemographic profile and physical profile were evaluated through a structured questionnaire. 208 adolescents were evaluated, where the male sex was predominant 55%, the average age was 16.37±0.85 years. The most evident factors were sedentary lifestyle 51%, followed by excessive consumption of foods rich in sodium and fat (79%). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were identified, such as sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of sodium (82%) and fat (85%) and both (79%).


V O L . 2 9 , N O . 3 , S U M M E R 2 0 1 4 | © 2 0 1 4 T I K K U N M A G A Z I N E | D O I : 1 0 . 1 2 1 5 / 0 8 8 7 9 9 8 2 2 7 1 3 3 4 9 T ruth is one," says the Rig Veda, one of the canoni cal sacred texts of Hinduism, "but the paths to it are many." This idea that many paths can lead to a single truth finds expression in the democratic riot of local gods and goddesses within Hinduism — and the unity of Being that draws them together. As founding members of an expressly progressive Hindu activist organization, we look deep within Hinduism's philo sophical and religious traditions to inform our understand ing of God. In the scriptures of the Vedas and Upanishads, the line between philosophy and religion has always been faint. Four of the six schools of Hindu philosophy are mate rialistic (if not outright agnostic) systems, in that they do not strictly require the existence of an omniscient godhead standing over and above creation to validate their arguments. Hindu religious texts share their constellation of Vedic and Upanishadic concepts with the philosophers. In deeply spiri tual language, these ancient systems of thought examine the contextual nature of human perception, the limitations of A Progressive Hindu Approach to God


BACKGROUND: A decline in saturated fat intake has generally been thought to improve cardiovascular health.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence presented in recent prospective epidemiologic studies related to the association of saturated fat intake and risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD).DESIGN: Sixteen prospective cohort studies identified by searches of the Medline and ProQuest databases are included in this review. The association of saturated fat intake with stroke and CHD risk is explored using the relative risk (RR), Hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) methods.RESULTS: Over follow-up periods of 8 to 30 years, 22,773 of 668,082 participants of these 16 studies developed stroke or CHD. Saturated fat intake was associated with an increased risk of CHD (HR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.10–5.09) but not with stroke. Gender and age had no impact on the stroke rate, whereas the female gender was a risk factor for CHD (HR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.54–6.11). In addition, a subgroup analysis showed a positive association between smoking history and increasing risk of stroke and CHD.CONCLUSION: This systematic review of prospective-cohort epidemiologic studies found that there is a weak to strong association between saturated fat intake and increased CHD risk but not significant evidence for concluding that saturated fat intake is associated with an increased risk of stroke. In addition, more research is needed to determine whether risk of stroke and/or CHD is potentially affected by specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat.


We present the design of our small robot MARS (micro autonomous robotic system) and basic experiments of group behavior pattern. MARS is small mobile autonomous robot. The robot has sensors, battery and infrared light communication device. In addition, the robot can get programs from the host computer (programmable). We focus on group behavior design (cooperation, competition coordination etc.) to use real robot MARS and we try to realize the phase change of the group behavior pattern. One of our ultimate dream is designing life-like robotics systems, such as ant or fish societies.


This paper presents a study on the analysis for reducing the number of false alarms in fire detection system. In order to intelligent algorithm fuzzy logic is adopted in developing fire detection system to reduce false alarm. The intelligent fire detection algorithm compared and analyzed the fire and non-fire signatures measured in circuits simulating flame fire and smoldering fire. The algorithm has input variables obtained by fire experiment with K-type thermocouple and optical smoke sensor. Also triangular membership function is used for inference rules. And the antecedent part of inference rules consists of temperature and smoke density, and the consequent part consists of fire probability. A fire-experiment is conducted with paper, plastic, and n-heptane to simulate actual fire situation. The results show that the intelligent fire detection algorithm suggested in this study can more effectively discriminate signatures between fire and similar fire.


The aim was to study the plantdiversity in the homegardens in the semiarid region of the state of Paraiba. The survey in the Community Olho D'agua Branca (S07°30"27.4 and WO 36°54"16.6) was carried in the period of August of 2010 to July of 2011, being monthly visits. Were characterized the floristic of the areas. In the areas a total of 93 species was registered. 18 were defined as native species and 75 exotic. The families present in higher number of species and genuses were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae and Poaceae. Thus, the data indicate a great floristic richness homegardens what shows your importance in the area.


Mobile communication is everywhere around us, the essential to communicate between the variety of the devices which is available. The major obstacle to achieve communication between the available devices is the incompatibility between the operating systems operation on these devices. In this paper we propose the possible ability to inter-operate between processes running on different mobile operating systems. The interoperability make use of any communication atmosphere which is made available by the mobile devices where the processes are installed. The communication environment is preferred so as the process is most advantageous in terms of transferring the data between the mobile devices, main problems that arise in development of cross platform mobile applications are concerned which create solution that will work on different mobile operating systems like Android, Windows Phone and iOS. The mobile applications are created by PhoneGap cross platform tool which helps to avoid developing same type of application separately and this is best cross platform tool for achieving interoperability using LCIM model.


The article concerns contemporary problems of intersubjectivity. It is in intersubjectivity that understanding and agreement are born. Because of the new media and the processes of globalization, rationality, culture, and knowledge can no longer constitute the only foundation for understanding and agreement – since there is no common rationality, culture, and knowledge anymore. In the article, I support a thesis that in the world that is global but, at the same time, fragmentized on a scale unknown in previous media epochs, agreement is much more important than understanding. It is necessary to agree even without understanding. Thus, one should seek the foundations for agreement in ratiomorphism as well – rather than only in rationality; ratiomorphism is common to all people irrespective of culture, religion, social status, worldview, etc. A "positive" form of ratiomorphism is axiomorphism, in which biologically determined empathy and liking for fellow Homo sapiens socialis et communicans manifests itself. Referring to Konrad Lorenz's idea, I suggest that Habermas's communicative rationality should not be so much replaced as complemented by communicative axiomorphism.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and quality of online intellectual capital (IC) disclosure released via websites and social media in relation to university stakeholders' information needs in Spanish public universities. In addition, this paper examines whether there are differences in the online IC disclosure according to the type of university.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies content analysis and a survey. The content analysis was used to analyse the websites and social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram) of all Spanish public universities in the year 2019, whereas the survey was submitted to all members of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities.

Findings
The findings indicate that university stakeholders attach great importance to online disclosure of specific information about IC. However, the findings emphasise that Spanish universities' website and social media content are still in their infancy. Specifically, this study found that the quality of disclosed information on IC in public universities' websites is of low level, particularly with regard to the disclosure of relational capital. The study found that the information provided by Spanish public universities via social media mainly concerns the structural and relational capital. Likewise, the results of this paper evidence that the larger and more internationally focused universities reveal more online information on IC.

Practical implications
The results of the research may be beneficial for managers of higher education institutions as a basis for developing adequate strategies addressing IC disclosure through the websites. In order to satisfy the information needs of university stakeholders, Spanish universities can be recommended to focus on reporting higher-quality information on financial relations, students' satisfaction, quality standard, work-related knowledge/know-how and collaboration between universities and other organisations such as firms, local government and society as a whole.

Originality/value
This study explores two innovative tools to provide IC disclosure in the higher education institutions context, namely, websites and social media, whereas previous studies focused on traditional tools as annual report. Likewise, this study considers the quality of this information.


OBJECTIVE
To study three-dimensional finite element analysis for external midface distraction after different osteotomy in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

METHODS
Three-dimensional FEM models of Le Fort I, II and III osteotomy in CLP patients were established. External midface distraction were simulated. An anteriorly and inferiorly directed 900 g force was applied to bilateral maxillary arch in directions 30 degrees to the occlusal plane. Biomechanical changes for the maxillary complex were investigated by means of finite element analysis.

RESULTS
Maxillary complex was advanced after different osteotomy. Constriction of alveolar crest and palate occurred in Le Fort I osteotomy, but not in Le Fort II and III osteotomy. Clockwise rotation occurred in Le Fort I osteotomy complex. Counterclockwise rotation occurred in Le Fort II and III osteotomy complex.

CONCLUSIONS
Three-dimensional finite element research on external midface distraction could provide reference for the preoperative design.


Objective To analyze the nutritional components of Bifidobacterium vinegar and explore its shelf life. Method The main nutritional components of Bifidobacterium vinegar were analyzed according to nutrition analysis methods. Result There were abundant nutritional components in Bifidobacterium vinegar,such as vitamins and trace elements.There were 18 kinds of amino acids in all,including 8 kinds of essential amino acids which accounted 42.5%.At least 8 kinds of organic acids such as acetic acid,lactic acid,etc.were found in it. Conclusion Bifidobacterium vinegar is rich in nutrients and have a long shelf-life,which can be promoted as a functional nutritious vinegar.


An oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) ferritic steel with nominal composition of Fe-12Cr-2.5W-0.25Ti-0.2V-0.4Y2O3(0.4Y2O3/12Cr,mass fraction,%) was produced by using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) complex method to add Y2O3 particles to an argon atomized steel powder,followed by hot isostatic pressing,forging and heat treatment.The formation process and behavior of oxides in the composite powder,the 0.4Y2O3/12Cr steels in hot isostatic pressing and under forged conditions were characterized by using SEM,FE-SEM and XRD.The results show that the oxides formation mechanisms of 0.4 Y2O3/12Cr steel by EDTA complex method are complex thermal decomposition mechanism,interfacial reaction mechanism,and reprecipitation mechanism.The fine and uniform oxide dispersoids distributtion in the ferrite matrix could be obtained by choosing appropriate parameters and mechanical dispersing effect.


Alkali soils, about 2,500,000 ha. of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains are characterized by impermeable surface soils and hydraulically impeded subsurface horizons. A survey of irrigation practices adopted by the farmers of the area revealed that more than 70% of them obtain their irrigation by pumping the good quality ground water and applying an average of about 150 and 60 cm for rice and wheat, respectively, in comparison, with 100 and 45 cm applied at the research farm of the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal. This note considers irrigation efficiency improvements.


Long a popular surrogate for sex, status, and derring-do, the American automobile is now adapting — rather abruptly — to rising energy costs and tough safety legislation. Manufacturers and motorists reluctantly realize that ego trips must be sacrificed to insure that essential commuting, shopping, and business excursions can continue in relative profusion and safety. Two major decisions announced by U.S. Secretary of Transportation Brock Adams during June 1977 have established a timetable for improved automobile crashworthiness and reduced operating cost.


We were interested in the commentary published by Nelson et al regarding obstacles to implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines in Gynecologic Oncology, especially in Latin America. We acknowledge the barriers pointed out in financing and data collection, and believe that cultural aspects contribute toward the difficulty in establishing ERAS in Latin America. Data collection and analysis are not the norm in many Latin American centers, and tools for such are expensive or lacking. Our personal experience led to the development of a userfriendly tool which was, nonetheless, regarded as extra work with few advantages by many physicians. Furthermore, we have noted resistance to changes in culturally ingrained practices, notably mechanical bowel preparation, despite available evidence. This could result from a lack of investment in education and training or from the deficiency of supervision to adherence to specific practices. Incentivizing the adherence of ERAS guidelines through training programs could lead medical teams to witness firsthand its benefits, motivating data collection and compliance to guideline protocols. Furthermore, this could also prompt hospital administrations to encourage the application of ERAS due to the costbenefits during hospital stay. In summation, we agree with the authors' potential solutions which encompass limited human, technical and financial resources in Latin America as well as cultural differences.


Recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) dramatically increased the importance of energy-efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this paper, comparing and analyzing the performance of Enhanced Energy-Aware Multi-Hop Hierarchical Protocol (EEAHP) with the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol (LEACH) and Energy Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Hierarchical protocol (EAMMH) for Wireless Sensor Networks. The average energy of each sensor node, number of dead nodes, number of packets send to Base Station in each round are the main metrics used to analyze the performance of these protocols. MATLAB is used to perform analytical simulations.


Objective To evaluate 10 years trends of birth defects and explore potential affecting factors for the control of the diseases in future.Methods The 2001-2010 surveillance data of birth defects were collected from all hospitals in Ningde,Fujian.A special designed database was developed for the data collection.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software.Results Birth defect rate increased from 0.55% to 1.1% in 10 years(2001-2010).However,birth defects greater than 28 weeks pregnancy decreased in the same period of time.The most occurred birth defects were congenital heart diseases,cleft lip with and without cleft palate.Ear deformity increased gradually,while congenital hydrocephalus decreased.In general,birth defects occurred more frequently in male babies than in female babies.Birth defects were associated with the age of mothers.High rates of birth defects were seen in the age groups of mothers between 20 and 25 years as well as over 35 years.Down syndrome and congenital heart diseases increased with the age of mothers.Conclusion Birth defect prevention and medical care in early pregnancy,prenatal screening and diagnosis are essential to decrease birth defects.


Benign conditions of the vagina and vulva are relatively common clinical presentations. However, they are not common indications for imaging as many of these abnormalities can be confidently diagnosed on the basis of clinical history, examination, and biopsy where necessary. These conditions may be observed as incidental findings on imaging performed for other reasons or when the vagina or vulva is involved in a more extensive disease process. This chapter will discuss and illustrate the imaging appearances of acquired conditions encompassing inflammatory processes and benign tumors.


Background  Work is an aspiration for many people with intellectual disability and is regarded as a vital goal by policy-makers in pursuit of social inclusion. The aim of this study was to consider the impact of supported employment on the socio-emotional well-being of people with intellectual disabilities.

Method  A systematic search was conducted. The review included case-controlled and longitudinal studies measuring outcomes for: (1) quality of life (QOL), (2) social life and (3) autonomy.

Results  While results for QOL, well-being and autonomy were largely positive, there was a lack of perceived social acceptance. The findings are interpreted in the light of methodological strengths and weaknesses.

Conclusions  Implications for the socio-emotional support required by some individuals in employment, and directions for future research are discussed.


Finger-vein,which stretches along some direction,is a kind of pipe-line image.So,orient-energy can be extracted for the use of finger-vein recognition.To eliminate the negative effect,bought by rotation and translation in image acquisition,the idea of fuzzy logic is adopted.Firstly,use Steerable filter to convolve with the image to get orient-energy;Then,partition the image into fuzzy blocks,and the orient-energy in every fuzzy block is computed to form the whole image feature;Finally, correlation coefficient is used to compute similarity between two finger images. Experimental results show that,the effect of recognition, using the method proposed in this paper can be satisfied.


It has been shown recently that treatment with gibberellic acid (GA) results in an increase in diffusible auxin in the pea (7), sunflower (7) and Centaurea (8). Treatment with GA also increases the amount of extractable auxin in peas (14), the potato tuber (18), Rhus typhina (13) and Trifoliuws ochroleucunm (15). Further it has been (lenmonstrated that in the dwarf pea and Cenitauirea the increase in diffusible auxin occurs before the elongation of the stem or the bolting response to GA treatment (9). In the tomato ovary at anthesis there is no diffusible auxin but, following GA treatment, (liffusible auxin is obtained and the amount increases with time up to 22 (lay-s concomitant wvith the growth of the ovary (16). These observations show that GA has a role in auxin formation. Furthermiiore, enzyme preparations from plant tissues treate(d with GA have a greater efficiency for conversion of tryptophan into auxin than those obtained fromii nontreated tissue (12). Tryptophan (19), tryptamine (17), inidole-3-acetaldlehyde (10) and indole-3-acetonitrile (2) have all been shown to be precursors of auxini in coleoptile tissue. To assay the auxin fornme(d and to examine the interaction of the precursors with GA a modified straight growth test was devised. In this test the segments of coleoptile tissue included the tips as they have been shown to contain the enzyme systems capable of converting the auxin precursors (10, 19).


Atypical distribution of one or more arterial branches of the superior mesenteric artery is often a sign of intestinal adhesions with abnormal fixation of the bowel. Selective superior mesenteric arteriography can verify such an abnormal distribution and thereby explain the abdominal pain.


Pairing is a special map from two elliptic curves that called Pairing-
friendly curves to a finite field and is useful mathematical tools for
constructing cryptographic primitives. At CRYPTO 2016, Kim and
Barbulescu proposed an efficient number field sieve algorithm for the
discrete logarithm problem in a finite field. The security of pairing-
based cryptography is based on the difficulty in solving the DLP.
Hence, it has become necessary to shift the parameters that the DLP is
computationally infeasible against the efficient number field sieve
algorithms. This memo introduce Optimal Ate Pairing and two pairing-
friendly curves with parameters of pairing against efficient number
field sieve algorithms.


Increased efficiency and increased power output of gas turbines are major objectives of NACA research on this type of engine. Two methods of attaining these objectives are first increasing our understanding of the internal aerodynamics of these machines and developing methods of design to obtain the best internal flow, and second by developing methods for oper ating turbines at higher gas temperatures. Internal aerody namics will be discussed first by me and then by Mr. English, while some phases ot the program. of research or high tempera ture gas turbines will be described first by Mr. Ellerbrock and then by Mr. Sheflin.


mation of these large and abundantly distributed H. americanum cysts in the muscular tissues of experimentally infected dogs was followed by Panceira et al. (1999), who described the gradual encystation process. At 3 wk PI, parasites were visible as inclusions in the cytoplasm of a modified host cell, and at 4.5 wk PI, they were surrounded by a narrow zone of mucopolysaccharide material, which increased considerably in size until 26 wk PI. An attempt to infect 2 dogs by ingestion of muscle from dogs with a natural H. americanum infection was unsuccessful (Nordgren and Craig, 1984), but more experiments are needed to examine whether this form of transmission is possible. The H. canis cysts differ substantially also from zoites of H. americanum observed as smaller subspherical organisms within host macrophagelike cells in granulomas (Vincent-Johnson et al., 1997). The cystic forms reported in this study in H. canis‐infected dogs may represent part of a 3-host cycle (Smith, 1996) or may be a relic of such a cycle in which dogs act as transport hosts, preyed upon by intermediate hosts, in addition to themselves being intermediate hosts on which the final tick host feeds on blood. The relative scarcity of the monozoic cysts in the tissues examined may explain why this form has been overlooked in previous studies.