The birth of conjoined twins is a comparatively rare event, constituting 1 in 100,000 births. Being a product of a single fertilised egg, these twins are believed to be the result of an incomplete division of embryo, which inhibits complete development of various organ systems. As a result, they usually suffer from physical malformation manifested in for instance, conjoined hearts, lungs, livers, limbs or even genito-urinary tracts. Thus, their chronic medical condition tends to require surgical intervention. However, separating them triggers a plethora of legal and ethical issues as separation may involve the possibility of sacrificing one twin if they are sharing organs. This inevitably creates a range of ethical dilemmas, particularly, in choosing between sanctity of life and quality of life as the survival of one twin threatens the life of the other. In certain circumstances, separation may not lead to the demise of the other but may cause severe harm to the other or a possible hazard to at least one twin's cognitive outcome. Nevertheless, in spite of their physical attachment, the twins are legally and morally distinct and are different individuals with competing needs and interests. Legal issues arising from the separation of conjoined twins such as criminal liability, parental autonomy and the determination of the "best interests" criterion has been the subject of much debate in courts. Thus, this research paper seeks to discuss the legal and ethical issues arising from the separation of conjoined twins from the common law and shari'ah perspectives.


Vehicular edge computing is viewed as a promising technique for relieving the overload of base station (BS) on roadside, via leveraging the computation resources of vehicles on road. However, the computing capacity of a single vehicle is limited. For the fast velocity and distribution characteristics of vehicles, when a vehicle performs task offloading to a set of neighbor vehicles, longer sensing/accessing time durations are needed. Vehicle platoon driving as an emerging technique is proposed to strengthen vehicle fuel efficiency and the freeway safety and capacity. The distributed computation resources can be centrally controlled in the vehicle platoon. In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation scheme for edge computing-based vehicle platoon on freeway to maximize the utilities of vehicles surrounding the platoon via a contract-optimization approach. Combining with BS, the vehicle platoon performs as an edge node to provide the delay-sensitive computation service for the vehicles on road. First, we design a contract-based incentive mechanism to motivate vehicles to form a vehicle platoon and share their computation resources. Then, based on the proposed vehicle platoon, a joint optimization problem is formulated to maximize the utilities of vehicles, the task offloading decision, communication and computation resource allocation schemes in both the platoon and BS are jointly optimized. Numerical results reveal that the designed contracts can incentivize vehicle's participation, and the proposed resource allocation schemes are effective.


Pastoralists in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia may be able to diversify income by selling milk to urban residents. However, milk sold in open-air markets is often low in quality because it has been transported long distances without refrigeration and is subject to spoilage, or because milk is adulterated prior to sale to boost volume or enhance appearance. Open-air markets are characterized by low-income consumers who must make choices about milk quality with virtually no information other than their own sensory perceptions. PARIMA researchers used an experimental-auction approach to determine what residents in Moyale, Kenya, are willing to pay (WTP) for improved milk quality. Researchers created milk samples that varied in taste and texture and asked participants to bid for them in order to reveal the value of their preferences. Results indicate that consumers are indeed willing to pay for improved milk quality. For example, compared to younger women, older women would pay a 20% premium for higher-quality milk. Furthermore, poorer consumers would pay a 19% premium simply for assurances on milk safety. These findings indicate that there are economic incentives to enhance milk quality and justify attention to basic technical and/or organizational interventions that could improve the quality of milk marketed to the residents of this border town.


In multichannel audio system, virtual sound source may be produced and rendered at arbitrary directions and locations so the multichannel signals are complicated. Parametric coding methods encode two or more channel signals into a downmix accompanied with spatial parameters, which can provide preferable compression ratio and considerable sound quality in multichannel audio coding. Due to the correlation between channels the signal redundancy in channels will be removed in the downmixing. However the downmixing of two uncorrelated channel signals will cause virtual sound aliasing and seriously decrease sound quality. A spatial virtual sound oriented correlation analysis method between channel signals is proposed to combine the highly correlated channels to groups for downmixing and parameters extracting. Both subjective and objective experimental results for sound quality and spatial orientation evaluation identify that the proposed dynamical grouping method for downmixing is superior to the fixed grouping method in MPEG Surround. The proposed analysis method of spatial correlation between channel signals has much lower computational complexity than the traditional direct computing of correlation and provides considerable accuracy.


The Black Sea is geologically well studied. A number of gas fields have been identified and are currently being exploited industrially. At the same time, the geologic data on degassing of the basin's seabed show the grandiose scale of its gas content. Thousands of gas seeps and numerous mud volcanoes expel jets of methane as high as 1300 m, including debris from gas hydrates (predominantly methane) and oil. There is a clear contradiction, on the one hand, between the power of the mud volcanoes and the large number of gas seeps that erupt huge amounts of methane, and, on the other hand, the relatively low efficiency of current exploration on oil and gas. Under these conditions, the question automatically arises about revising the dogmas surrounding the biogenic origin of hydrocarbons. The roots of the Black Sea mud volcanoes have been traced down to the Mesozoic and even beyond to the Moho boundary. Their mud volcanic breccia contains many fluidogenic minerals and aggregates-spherules of globular shape. This indicates the obvious involvement of deep processes in the formation of mud volcanoes and therefore an inorganic origin of oil in the Black Sea. It is proposed that we return to the old idea of I.M. Gubkin and search for hydrocarbons near the mud volcanoes, but to do this with a new recognition of the possible origin of mud volcanoes as a product of deep embedded fluids.


Category: Arthroscopy; Bunion; Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: Appropriate distraction for metatarsophalangeal joint arthroscopy is paramount to increase in visualization and to decrease iatrogenic complications. However, there are few studies on how much adequate distraction is. The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate degree of distraction and the associated factors. Methods: 40 patients who underwent toe arthroscopy from April 2015 to June 2018 were enrolled. Under general or spinal anesthesia, the anterio-posterior foot plain radiograph were taken using mini-fluoroscan; no traction, manual traction, 5, 10 and 15 pound traction and were used to measure the metatasophalangeal joint (MTP) distance. Age, gender, body mass index were compared as associated factors. The minimum joint distance of toe arthroscopy defined as 2.8mm which was sheath size of 1.9mm 30° high definition arthroscopy. Appropriate distraction is defined as an over 70% possible rate. Results: 10lb traction was appropriate distraction on first and fourth MTP joint arthroscopy. 5lb traction was appropriate on second, third, fifth MTP. In first MTP with 5lb traction, there was significant difference according to gender; 9 of 23 male, none of 17 female. (p=0.005). With 10lb traction, 16 of 27 patients under 60 and 3 of 13 patients over 60 years old were could arthroscopy (p=0.046). In third MTP with 5lb traction, 18 of 28 patients over 30 were could arthroscopy, but only 4 of 13 under 30 years old were could(p=0.038). In fourth MTP with 5lb traction, there was significant difference according to gender, male (12 of 23 patients) was had arthroscopy, but only 2 of 17 female patients. (p=0.017). Conclusion: In the MTP joint arthroscopy, 10lb was needed in first and fourth MTP joint, and 5lb was needed in second, third, fifth MTP joint. Manual traction is generally not appropriate for distraction. Female and under 60 years old patients needed more distraction in first toe arthroscopy. Under 30 years old patients in third toe and female patients in fourth toe arthroscopy needed more distraction than 5lb.


【Objective】To investigate the clinical features and outcome of Wegener's granulomatosis patients.【Methods】 Twenty-eight inpatients with Wegener's granulomatosis,diagnosed between 1999 and 2009 in Department of Rheumatology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,were retrospectively studied and their clinical features and outcomes were analyzed.Among them,4 cases had died.【Results】The median follow-up time was 31.5 months(3-99 months).The most frequent clinical manifestation of this group was non-specific symptoms(22/28,78.6%),followed by ENT involvement(19/28,67.9%),lung involvement(12/28,42.9%),glomerulonephritis(13/28,46.4%).Compared with the survival group,the incidence of acute kidney injury(P=0.005),central nervous system involvement(P=0.045),vasculitis damage index4(P= 0.011)was higher than those in the group of death.Those features were possible predictors of poor prognosis.【Conclusion】This study showed that Wegener's granulomatosis was a multi-system involvement disease.The incidence of acute kidney injury,central nervous system involvement,vasculitis damage index4 might be possible predictors of poor prognosis,more aggressive immunosupressant needed to be employed in this kind of patients.


An experimental trail entitled "Integrated Nitrogen Management in Sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and its Residual Effect on Chickpea" was caried out during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. The soil of the experimental site was clay loam in texture and were low in available nitrogen (271.40 and 275.70 kg ha -1 ), medium phosphorus (19.60 and 20.20 kg ha -1 ), available potassium (286.52 and 292.80 kg ha -1 ) was high and slightly alkaline in reaction with pH 8.15 and 7.07, respectively during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. The findings of the present study on integrated nitrogen management showed that the highest values of growth traits viz ., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant -1 (at 40, 60, 80 DAS and harvest), leaves plant -1 , stem grith, leaf area index (LAI) and minimum days to 50% flowering under the combine application of 75 % N through chemical fertilizer + 25% N through vermicompost + seed treated with Azotobactar & PSB over all the other treatments but it was remained at par with application of 75 % N through chemical fertilizer + 25% N through FYM + seed treated with Azotobactar & PSB.


The total output power from a medical ultrasound transducer has to be measured due to various reasons but in general they are related to patient safety and assessment of performance. The objective of this work was to develop an ultrasound power meter to measure a total output power from therapeutic ultrasound devices. The implementation of this work utilizes a radiation force balance technique based on the method recommended in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 61161). Ultrasound therapy unit and its transducer were used as an ultrasonic source. To verify the performance of the developed system, the ultrasonic power measurement results from our developed ultrasound power meter were compared with those from the commercial ultrasound power meter (UPM) at 5 nominal intensity values (0.5 W/cm2, 1 W/cm2, 1.5 W/cm2, 2 W/cm2, 3 W/cm2) with three frequencies, 0.86 MHz, 2 MHz and 3 MHz, and four different output pulse modes; continuous wave (100% duty cycle), 1:2 (50% duty cycle), 1:5 (20% duty cycle) and 1:10 (10% duty cycle). The results show that the developed system is currently able to determine the ultrasonic output power in the frequency range from about 1 MHz to 3 MHz, and in the power range from 100 mW to approximately 15 W. Current efforts are being made to focus on testing the performance of the developed ultrasound power meter by comparing the results from the developed system with those from the standard system at the National Institute of Metrology, Thailand (NIMT) and developing a three axis positioning system with computer control for the alignment of the ultrasonic transducer.


Several recent phase-sensitive-tunneling experiments have indicated that YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.9} is not an {ital s}-wave superconductor. In this work we report an analogous experiment on a related cuprate superconductor, YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.6}, with {ital T}{sub {ital c}}=60 K. The critical current vs applied field of a Pb-YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.6} single crystal corner Josephson junction is measured and compared with the theory. As a control experiment, measurements are made on a Pb-YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.6} edge junction. The results are consistent with a {ital d}-wave order parameter for YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.6}. It is thus unlikely that the results of previous similar experiments on almost fully oxygenated YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.6} may simply be explained by the presence of the Cu-O chains. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


In her three-interview oral history (conducted in September, October, and December 2008) with Troy Reeves, Charlene ?Char? Tortorice discussed some aspects of her life history. Tortorice spoke of the time period between 1951 and the present and of the following topics: Madison Academic Staff Association, UW?Madison campus governance, UW?Madison Sociology Department, UW?Madison Chancellors, 1960s/1970s student protest, Middleton, Wisconsin, and Poynette (Wisconsin) School District. Reeves conducted this interview to attempt to start a campus governance oral history project for the UW?Madison Oral History Program.


Objective Characterizing the technical quality of occupational medicine services being provided by occupational health supply providing institutions (OHSPI) in Colombia's main cities. Materials and Methods This was a national descriptive cross-sectional study (2009- 2010) in which a diagnostic survey was used for obtaining data regarding 192 OHSPI. Results The study demonstrated that 76 % of the OHSPI had a license for offering


The paper is devoted to the analysis of the process of hiring workers in small enterprises in the region of Wielkopolska. This phenomenon is analyzed from the perspective of anthropology, according to which culture is the primary source of knowledge of economic phenomena. The purpose of the paper is to describe and understand employment practices within the peripheral segment of the labour market. According to numerous studies entrepreneurs' social networks play a key role in hiring in microenterprises. The author of the paper is trying to convince the reader that the high rate of informal methods in microenterprises is an outcome of some useful practices developed in response to the cultural identity of the labour market within which these kind of companies operate. Both in the theoretical and empirical part of the paper reconstruction of the "social world" of microenterprises is reconstructed. The paper is based on the results of the author's own qualitative research.


It is highly apposite that Philip Clayton has chosen the topic of emergence for his Boyle Lecture 2006. Not only has our lecturer contributed substantially to the reestablishment of emergentism as a safe and challenging middle way between dualism and physicalist reductionism, Clayton has also highlighted aspects of natural causation, which was already observed by Robert Boyle (1627 – 91), in whose name the Boyle Lectures are given. Being one of the founders of modern chemistry, Boyle was attentive to the appearance of novel qualities of material configurations and repeatedly emphasized what has later become known to us as whole-part-causation: ''For we must consider each body, not barely as it is in itself, an intire and distinct portion of matter, but as it is a part of the universe, and consequently placed among a great number and variety of other bodies, upon which it may act and by which it may be acted on in many ways . . . .'' It is no coincidence, therefore, that the Oxford English Dictionary of English counts Boyle as one of the very first to use the term 'emergence.'


Background and purpose:The acetylation level in nucleosomal histones,which is controlled by interactions between histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases(HDACs),is closely involved in regulation of gene expression.The abnormal function of HDACs is related to development of neoplasms.Histone deacetylase inhibitors(HDACIs)have antitumor effects through inhibiting HDACs.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antitumor effect of MS-275,a histone deacetylase inhibitor,on human bladder cancer T24 cell,and provide a valuable research basis for clinical application.Methods:Cultured T24 cells were exposed to different concentrations of MS-275 for different durations.The cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay.The effect on proliferating ability of T24 cell was determined by clonogenic assay on plate.The cell apoptosis was qualitatively detected by optical microscope,electronic microscope and AnnexinV,PI-labeled flow cytometry, respectively.Results:The MTT assay revealed that MS-275 inhibited the growth of T24 cell lines not only in a concentration-dependent but also in a time-dependent manner,the growth inhibition ratio was(9.34±3.57)% when treated with 0.5μmol/L MS-275 for 72h,and(94.84±1.33)% with 8μmol/L for 120 h.The cloning efficiency was decreased from(55.67±6.51)% in negative control group to(2.33±0.58)% at concentration of 4μmol/L.Typical morphological change of apoptotic cells were observed by microscope.The apoptotic percentage at concentration of 1μmol/L、2μmol/L and 4μmol/L were 24.19%、30.77%and 38.51% quantitativel measured by which were significantly higher than that of negative control group(2.49%).Conclusions:MS-275 can inhibit bladder cancer in vitro through inducing apoptosis and mitotic death of cells.The results of this study suggest that histone deacetylase inhibitors are hopeful to become new effective drugs to treat bladder neoplasms.


The aim of this study is to utilize the remotely sensed data and GIS techniques for instability assessment of terrain and prediction in the chosen study area, Rohtang to Baralacha, Lahaul Spiti District, Himanchal Pradesh, India. Several parameter maps were generated by the availability of different types of multi-temporal and various scales of remote sensing data. Inventory map was developed though the field work, past records and with the help of remote sensing data. Geological map, soil map, land use map, terrain map, slope map, aspect map, drainage density and snow melt parameter maps were generated or extracted from the existing ancillary data. In speeding up processing for hazard zonation and prediction assessment, GIS can be useful. To determine the degree of susceptibility to the landslides, information value method is used. The landslide hazard map is classified on the basis of its probability values into low, medium, high and very high risk zones. The results showed that over 3.09% of the area is liable to low landslide risk, 26.28% of the area is liable to medium landslide risk, 32.81% of the area is of high landslide risk and within this area about 37.81% has very high to severe risk. The landslide susceptibility map delineated in this paper can be used by various stakeholders, like state governments, researchers and citizens to develop and manage the developmental activities in the area in particular and in other similar areas in general.


A dominant gene, dik+, has been identified as responsible for the establishment of the dikaryon in the basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune. Interaction between compatible homokaryons, both of which carry the recessive allele dik, leads to the formation of a diploid mycelium that closely resembles the homokaryon in morphology.


Alpine high-pressure metamorphic rocks exposed in the Cyclades were overpinted during their exhumation. We studied the metamorphic evolution of a pervasively overprinted rock sequence, the greenschist unit, exposed in the island of Sifnos. We show that the metamorphic evolution in the Greenschist unit is characterized by the progressive transformation of eclogite-facies rocks through albite-bearing epidote blueschists into greenschists. The evolution of the mineral assemblages during exhumation is shown by a series of chemographic diagrams which are referenced to specific P-T fields in the petrogenetic grid proposed by Evans (1990). P-T conditions corresponding to the major paragenetic groups are estimated also on the basis of mineral chemistry, Fe/Mg exchange thermometry and the use of GEOCALC-PTX and THERMOCALC softwares. A P-T path for the Greenschist unit is presented indicating eclogite-facies conditions of around 480-520 ° C and 12-15 kbar, followed by overprinting in the albite-bearing epidote-blueschist facies at P-T conditions of 8-10 kbar and ca. 480-500 ° C. Pressures of 5.5 kbar and temperatures around 450 ° C are estmated for the subsequent overprint in the greenschist facies. The decompression part of the P-T path is characterized by cooling with no indication of a temperature rise. Thus, the high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Sifnos appears not to follow the thermal evolution path predicted by models which assume whole crust uplift and erosion. On a regional scale the exhumation of the Cycladic blueschist belt is characterized by cooling in the west, but broad clockwise P-T loops with significant heating during decompression are found in the east. We note that cooling affected rocks situated at the deepest levels of the Alpine orogenic wedge (Sifnos, Syros, Tinos) whereas heating has affected rocks exhumed from shallower structural levels (Naxos, Ios)


The utility model provides an oblique hole punch device which comprises an upper punch holder, a driving block, a material pressing block, an installation base, a punching head and a retracting spring, wherein the driving block is installed on the upper punch holder and the installation base is contained in the material pressing block. A through hole along the punching hole direction are arranged in the installation base, and the punching head penetrates through the through hole. The upper end of the punching head separably contacts the driving block, and the retracting spring is arranged on the punching head. The oblique hole punch device has the advantages of simple structure and easy use. The utility model is especially suitable for the occasions that a manufacture component operating space is limited. In addition, a through groove is arranged on the material pressing block, and the components, such as the punching head, the installation base, etc. are all contained in the through groove of the material pressing block. Thus, the whole structure is very compact and the usage space is small.


We provide examples of fluorescence imaging techniques used during open and endoscopic surgery with Indocyanine Green as an NIR fluorescent dye, demonstrates applications of the technique for experimental and clinical purposes: for intraoperative imaging of bile ducts, blood and lymphatic vessels; for detection of tumours and sentinel lymph nodes; for assessment of tissue, organ, or anastomotic blood supply; its use in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (photodynamic theranostics).


The invention discloses colorized illite smectite mixed layer clay paint powder with an air purifying function. The colorized illite smectite mixed layer clay paint powder is characterized by being prepared from attapulgite pottery clay powder with the air purifying function, acidized illite smectite mixed layer clay particles, acidized zeolite particles, colored Portland cement, gypsum powder, white carbon black, calcium chloride, aerosol, expanded perlite, nano silver-loaded antibacterial powder, nano titanium dioxide, sodium pyrophosphate and a powder defoaming agent. The ingredients are conveyed into a stirrer in three times to be stirred, and the ingredients are packaged after being uniformly stirred to obtain a finished product. By adopting the colorized illite smectite mixed layer clay paint powder with the air purifying function for decorating indoor wall surfaces, various concave-convex stereoscopic colored art embossment effects can be achieved through spray coating and manufacturing, a coating obtained after spray coating is hard, porosity is high, the specific surface area is large, cohesiveness is high, harmful substances such as indoor formaldehyde, ammonia nitrogen and benzene can be adsorbed and decomposed, and the colorized illite smectite mixed layer clay paint powder has the functions of automatic humidity conditioning, mould prevention, sterilization, deodorization and air purification.


How does the financial sector affect the aggregate economy? This paper proposes a novel informational amplification and spillover channel. Our model demonstrates mutual learning between firms and financial markets: a firm's information disclosure can "attract" more information from the financial market, which can guide the manager to make a better investment decision. In a Lucas islands economy setting, we show that information production complementarities exist between the financial sector and the real sector within an island and between islands. When the financial sector in some islands suffers a negative shock, it becomes less able to conduct price discovery. This leads to the real sector in these islands having less incentives to produce information. Noisier information signals result in less-efficient real investment decisions in these islands and hence lower aggregate output. Facing the decline in aggregate demand, other islands are affected, with less information acquisitions and lower output. The negative impact on this part of the economy feeds back to the original part of the economy. In general equilibrium, aggregate real output (i.e., the level of economic activity) and financial market efficiency (i.e., the level of information) feed back and reinforce each other, leading to excess volatility on both sides. The welfare implications of the model are analyzed.


The present invention is the air conditioner, and relates to its method of operation, according to the detect jaesilja of the interior region controls the flow corresponding to the jaesilja position, to detect a plurality of the jaesilja position jaesilja corresponding to the accumulated detection result and calculating the improved accuracy of the calculation jaesilja position and using the detected frequency by controlling such that the amount of the jaesilja air flow reaches the number of areas it is possible to consider a plurality of jaesilja or mobile jaesilja that, this provides more comfortable indoor environment there are possible effects. The air conditioner, the human body detection, flow control and direction control, automatic operation, the infrared sensor


Organizational development practitioners in the knowledge economy must bring frameworks and development processes that help organizations build and sustain knowledge leadership. Today's sustainable competitive advantage is knowledge: creating it, importing it, and leveraging it to deliver higher value to the market place than one's competitors can provide. For example, financial services firms depend on broad and deep expertise in various kinds of financial instruments, models, and transactions, on growing that knowledge through data collection and analysis, keeping current the understanding of laws and regulations in many countries, and on combining this technical knowledge with deep knowledge of customers' needs to guide the development of products and services that yield high value. Product, process, and service innovation in all industries is based on technical, organizational, and customer knowledge. Knowledge defines and is embedded in the competencies of the corporation—yet sustaining knowledge leadership requires explicit focus and the intentional building of an organization's knowledge capabilities. Knowledge management—the building of a context that brings knowledge into the firm, utilizes it, grows and enhances it, and leverages it for competitive advantage—is a key strategic competence in today's organizations. This chapter goes beyond the perspective that knowledge is a key resource and that the organization needs to take steps and develop programs to attain it and leverage it. It looks carefully at how knowledge translates into organizational value, builds on the perspective that knowledge is practice-based, and makes the case that the work structures and work processes of the organization should be designed with knowledge management in mind. It is argued that all elements of an organization should be designed with an eye to how knowledge underpins the firm's capabilities and translates into organizational value. Knowledge and Capabilities Almost any product or process can be copied and/or improved by competitors. Strategic leadership requires ongoing innovation, creativity, learning and improvement that yield distinctive product, solution, and service offerings and effective and efficient technical and organizational processes that leave competitors behind. The corporate world has been full of companies that have struggled on this dimension, some of which no longer exist. Digital Equipment Corporation, for example failed to detect the full significance of the trend toward small computers. Despite its wealth of technical talent, it did not develop knowledge and capabilities to respond to that trend. Bell laboratories produced a great deal of ground-breaking scientific and engineering knowledge, but failed to utilize much of that knowledge to develop


It is difficult to discriminate between theories of pressure broadening of spectral lines through comparison with experiments. Line profiles are insensitive with respect to details of the theory, and it is difficult to keep experimental conditions clear and certain enough to make the comparison relevant. We used measurements of VIDAL 1 which are satisfactory from the experimental point of view. The wings of the diffuse He-lines 2P — nD are compared with those calculated by quasistatic theory. Part B deals with STARK effect splitting of the upper level. Part C describes the quasistatic theory of the line wings, and discusses the probability function of the so called micro field strength. In part D the results of the calculation are compared with the measurements. The comparison is relevant only for the violet wings of the triplet series. The red wing of the triplet lines and the violet wing of the singlet lines are disturbed by the forbidden component 2P — nP. The red wing of singlet lines is experimentally too inexact because of disturbing wings of neighboring triplet lines. The slope of the violet side of the triplet wings shows good agreement between theory and measurement for the far wing (large Δv). For decreasing Δv the experimental curve stays below the theoretical curve. For comparison of wing intensities it proves to be important to normalize the line profiles. It is seen that the measured height of the wings increases less with increasing main quantum number than the theoretical height.


Users today relay on social networking platforms for infor-mation retrieval. Information shared on the social networks will be cir-culated through their friend sharing them on their pro les. Thus making trustworthy friends in social networks is more important to maintain data privacy. Existing system compute friends based on their mutual friends which would not be e cient way of selecting friends online [1]. This allows user to get connected with strangers without any information of real friend or fake friend. To overcome this problem attribute based trustworthy friend recommendation system is proposed. Based on this, the attributes of each user is collected during pro le creation and these attributes are subjected to similarity between the users. Each user online are evaluated with their trust score with the help of Trust Score algo-rithm. Experimental result shows the number of friends recommended are trustworthy.


Let T be a bounded linear operator acting in a Banach space X. Denote by R(T ) = TX and N(T ) = {x ∈ X, Tx = 0} its range and kernel, respectively. Continuity properties of the functions z 7→ R(T − z) and z 7→ N(T − z) were studied by a number of authors. The investigation was started by Kato [9], [10], who introduced also useful concepts of the reduced minimum modulus and the gap between two closed subspaces. The spectrum σγ(T ) was defined for Hilbert space operators by Apostol [3] as the set of all complex λ such that either R(T − λ) is not closed or λ is a discontinuity point of the function z 7→ R(T − z). Properties of this spectrum are analogous to the properties of the ordinary spectrum. It is always a non-empty compact subset of the complex plain, contains the topological boundary of σ(T ) and satisfies the spectral mapping property. The results of Apostol were generalized by Mbekhta [14], [15], Mbekhta and Ouahab [16], [17] and Harte [7] for operators in Banach spaces. In this paper we continue the investigation of σγ . We define an essential version σγe which exhibits similar properties as σγ and is closely related to the theory of semiFredholm operators. Further we study generalized inverses for T − λ and show that it is not possible to extend reasonably σγ for n-tuples of commuting operators. The author would like to thank to the referee for drawing his attention to the paper of Rakočevič [18] which is closely related to the present paper. Some of the results are already proved in [18], especially Theorem 3.1, equivalence 1 ⇔ 2 (see Theorem 2.1 of [18]) or the spectral mapping theorem for σγe. We leave the proofs here for the sake of completeness and because they seem to us sometimes more direct. On the other hand the present paper solves some questions posed in [18]. Thus Example 2.2 gives a negative answer to both parts of Question 4 and Theorem 3.5 gives a positive answer to Question 2 of [18].


Economic theory is founded on the assumption that agents act "as if" they are able to maximize according to well-behaved preferences, regardless of how complex their decision problems might be. Consequently, the theory has never investigated the consequences of a genuine gap between an agent's decision-making competence and the difficulty of a decision problem (called a C-D gap). In a recent paper (1983; hereafter called the "Origin" paper), I outlined a general theory for investigating the latter possibility. A major theme was that recurrent pattern in behavior arises because of decision-making uncertainty due to a C-D gap; so that uncertainty becomes the basic source of predictable behavior. Here I discuss certain theory topics that were only sketched in the Origin paper, and briefly suggest a few related applications. To pursue these objectives, I begin with a short restatement of the reliability condition introduced in the Origin paper.


The ability of a teleoperated manipulator to behave in a compliant manner when performing tasks which require contact with the environment is essential. One method of providing compliance is through the use of impedance control. Impedance control, as opposed to passively compliant devices, allows the apparent dynamic characteristics of the manipulator to be altered in real time to suit the demands of the task. The most common technique of implementing impedance control is to compute the control torques which transform the existing manipulator dynamics into the desired compliant system. This technique assumes a dynamic model of the manipulator is available and that the actuators are torque controlled. In this paper we present a new model reference impedance controller which requires neither a dynamic model of the robot or torque controlled actuators.


Palavras-chave : avaliatividade; assinatura valorativa; coluna de opiniao; afeto Abstract: The newspaper column unfolds an important space where more personal conceptions about reported facts in newspapers and/or experienced by the columnist can be evidenced. In this sense, the aim of this work is to explore the appraisal occurrences in a datum formed by eighteen texts by the columnist Luiz Caversan, published on FolhaOnline newspaper during the first semester of 2010 in order to trace his evaluative signature. Starting from the datum's analysis it is aimed to elucidate the appraisal recurrences in the texts, besides quantifying these recurrences; identify those which are more frequently evidenced; delimitate, based on the quantifications' analysis, the most privileged subsystem by the opinion column genre and relate the obtained data to the author's style and to the approached themes.


According to the problems of low efficiency and big terminal resources occupancy ratio of QCAD software when filling section lines of mechanical drawings in embedded terminal,with the basis of filling scheme of QCAD software,an improved section lines filling method for embedded terminal of manufacturing workshop was proposed,and its three key problems were analyzed.Finally,a practical application of the method with QCAD software based on embedded internal was carried out,and it was proved that the method can improve the efficiency and reduce terminal resources occupancy ratio of embedded terminal.


The aim of this article is to illustrate an integration of methods, abilities and the usage of remote sensing in agricultural part of economy. In this project it was clearly stated that, the use of remote sensing in agricultural sector is based on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with soil or vegetation and refers to the non-contact measurement of radiation reflected or emitted from agricultural fields. Different types of platform for measurements were listed in this research work such as: satellites, aircraft, tractors and handheld sensors.


In the context of ecological protection and urban expansion, the quality of the ecological environment and ecological security are gravely at risk. A simple, effective, and comprehensive assessment method for regional environmental quality monitoring is urgently required at this time. This study proposes a comprehensive approach for evaluating regional ecological quality. Based on Landsat TM+OLI/TIRS images, indicators representing the ecological quality of land and water were constructed. Land ecological quality consists of land surface moisture (WET), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized building bare soil index (NDBSI), and land surface temperature (LST), which represent humidity, greenness, dryness, and temperature, respectively. At the same time, the remote sensing indices of chlorophyll_a (chl_a) and suspended solids (SS) were constructed to characterize the water quality. Air quality was characterized based on aerosol optical depth (AOD) in MCD19A2. By introducing water and air quality indicators and utilizing principal component analysis, a remote sensing ecological index that improves water area assessment (WIRSEI) was established and applied to Wuhan from 2000 to 2020. The driving force of WIRSEI change was analyzed using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results revealed that (1) air quality AOD and humidity WET greatly impacted the ecological quality (WIRSEI). WIRSEIs in seven central urban areas were significantly lower than that in six remote urban regions, and the ecological quality of lakes was higher than that of rivers. (2) From 2000 to 2020, Wuhan's overall WIRSEI showed a "rising–falling–rising–stable" trend. In most regions, the degree of ecological quality change was relatively small; most grades were "no change", "slightly better", and "slightly worse", representing 88–93% of the total area. (3) The change in WIRSEI from 2000 to 2020 was closely related to urban expansion, population change, and economic development. The effects of land use and socioeconomic changes on WIRSEI were significantly different in spatial distribution. Compared to the driving factors, land use dynamics (LUCD) significantly impacted WIRSEI changes, while the effects of gross domestic product (GDP) and population (POP) were very small. This study uses WIRSEI to evaluate the regional ecological quality, providing a vital reference and basis for enhancing regional ecological quality assessment methods, promoting ecological environmental protection and restoration, regional coordination, and sustainable development. The research results show that the proposed approach is simple and effective, strongly supporting regional ecological quality and protection monitoring.


The purpose of this paper to design a semicative controller for a vehicle suspension system that employs a magnetorheological (MR) damper as the actuator. The controller was developed using back stepping methodology for the laboratory model "Semi Active Suspention System (SAS)" which represents a physical system for a quarter car model, which can be used to analyze the vertical dynamics of a car body due to the road disturbances. First the SAS system was modeled by the mathematical equations and then the backstepping controller was designed to suppress the vibrations of the car body. The dhal model was used to model the nonlinear behavior of the MR damper. The mathematical model of the SAS system and the control system were designed in Matlab/Simulink and system performance was evaluated. Finally the controller was connected to the experimental model and the vibration responses were obtained for different disturbances.


The topic of the research borders between pedagogics and philology and deals with the problem of preparing professional personnel through reading professionally oriented texts in non-linguistic higher educational institutions. The development of technical education in modern Russia is viewed as one of priority directions of educational policy. However, this sector of education has certain problems, in particular the problem of maintaining the balance between technical and humanities component in the education and upbringing of the harmonious, fully developed personality of a future specialist. The article looks at the problem of teaching professionally oriented reading. Special attention is paid to the correlation between humanities and technical component in foreign language teaching. The work discusses different kinds of reading in the professionally oriented education of students of higher educational institutions. Reading is viewed as the goal and means of education.


We have measured the {sup 26}Al(n,{alpha}{sub 0}){sup 23}Mg and {sup 26}Al(n,p{sub 1}){sup 26}Mg{sup {asterisk}} cross sections from thermal energy to approximately 10 keV and 70 keV, respectively. These reactions are thought to be the major mechanisms for the destruction of {sup 26}Al in many nucleosynthesis environments; hence, an accurate determination of their rates is important for understanding the observations of {gamma} rays from {open_quotes}live{close_quotes} {sup 26}Al in our galaxy and of {open_quotes}extinct{close_quotes} {sup 26}Al in meteorites. The astrophysical rate for the {sup 26}Al(n,{alpha}{sub 0}){sup 23}Mg reaction determined from our measurements is in good agreement with the rate determined via inverse measurements. On the other hand, the rate we determined for the {sup 26}Al(n,p{sub 1}){sup 26}Mg{sup {asterisk}} reaction is significantly larger than previously reported. In addition, we were able to determine this rate in the temperature range below 0.2 GK which was not covered by previous measurements. This lower temperature range may be important for understanding the production of {sup 26}Al in Red Giant stars. Both of our rates are significantly different than the rates used in most nucleosynthesis calculations. We discuss the impact of our measurements on the nucleosynthesis of {sup 26}Al. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Background: Social inequality in cancer survival and rehabilitation is a major problem. Patient navigation has shown to empower cancer patients to take part in their health care and help them navigate through an increasingly complex health care system. These promising results makes it relevant to explore whether patient navigation can improve the lives of vulnerable cancer patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine whether the Danish Cancer Society's nation-wide Patient Navigation Project improves quality of life and health literacy among socially vulnerable cancer patients. Methods: Socially vulnerable cancer patients were included in the project and matched with a navigator (volunteer). The navigators, who had a background in social welfare or health care, supported the patients during a 6-month period. The navigators participated in health care visits, helped the patients to keep track of their disease and treatment, and gave the patients emotional support. The support was based on the patients' needs and the navigators focused on empowering the patients. The patients completed a baseline questionnaire and a 6-month follow-up questionnaire. The questionnaires focused on quality of life (WHO-5 Well-being Index and distress thermometer) and health literacy. Results: Of the 268 participants enrolled in the project, 45 were still enrolled when data were collected and 110 did not complete the 6-month navigation period, due to death or disease worsening. Of the 113 participants who completed the 6-month navigation period, 97 participants filled out the 6-month follow-up questionnaire (86%). The participants were predominantly on retirement benefit (61%), 19% were unemployed and 56% had no or a short education. At baseline, the mean distress level was 8.1, and 64% had a low well-being score and were therefore at risk for depression/long term stress. 6 month after enrolment, the distress level had decreased to 6.7 ( P < 0.001) and 28% had a low well-being score ( P < 0.001). When it comes to health literacy, 60% of the participants stated that they had become better at finding information about their disease 6 month after enrolment, and 74% had become better at asking questions at meetings at the hospital. Conclusion: The socially vulnerable cancer patients enrolled in the Patient Navigation Project experienced increased well-being, a lower distress level and improved health literacy 6 months after enrollment. The findings of the study suggests that patient navigation can improve quality of life and health literacy for socially vulnerable cancer patients.


This study investigated elementary and secondary teachers' morale levels and their perceptions of the morale levels of their colleagues. Between April 1998 and April 1999, participating teachers completed the Teacher Outlook and Perceptions Survey, which contained 47 items reflecting their work experiences and what they see in the future for their jobs. Data analysis indicated that the morale defined by the group was an inaccurate assessment of teachers' individual morale levels. The elements within the building did not predict individual morale and colleague's morale in the same way. The similar ratios of individual morale compared to colleague's morale indicated that peer assessment was not the best way to ascertain the morale in a building. The results indicate that teacher morale is primarily independent of the morale exhibited by colleagues. Although individual morale and the morale exhibited by colleagues are correlated, school factors influence the two in varying magnitudes. The results suggest that student behavior and learning have a much greater impact on teacher morale than does administrative behavior. An appendix contains the survey instrument. (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. A Comparative Analysis of Teachers' Individual Morale Levels and Their Assessed Morale Levels of Colleagues Marcellina H. Anderson University of Nebraska at Omaha/ Omaha Public Schools A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, April 2000, New Orleans, LA.


For a long time, Mao Zedong has been studied from the angle of the case as it stands, and nowa newapproach from the perspective of doctrinal study should be opened up. This paper studies the major subject of Mao Zedong and contemporary China from the doctrinal angle, with Dual Choice Theory as its argumentative foundation. This theory indicates that the power executors often face with the dilemma, when human society runs along two tracks of development and equality, which are incompletely co-rotating and sometimes even opposite to each other. Mao Zedong, a greatthinker, revolutionistand statesman, whose thoughtatthe core is egalitarian- ism, wants to build the Chinese society along the track of equality, and he has stuck to it all his life, thus, it can't hold water to separate Mao Zedong in his old age from his theory. The reforms, led by Deng Xiaoping, run along the track of development, thus two different governing strategies are brought forth. Due to people's different understandings of Mao and Deng, the two giants, and their different attitudes towards reforms, two different trends of thoughts are formed, the root of which lies in the governing dilemma. However, The Dual Choice Theo- ry can interpret the whole process of the 60 years' governing of the Chinese Communist Party and both theoretical and practical activities of Mao Zedong in an unified way, and settle down the theoretical problem of"Cultural Revolution", and thus open up a newapproach for the study on Mao Zedong.


Deficit of water resource in the country requires a careful approach to the use of irrigation water, adjusting the timing and rates of irrigation. Special place in solving these problems takes the issue of substantiation of water consumption norms of crops and irrigation rates. When determining the irrigation rate of any crop, the most significant factors are the wetting depth and the soil moisture limits that must be maintained. Traditionally, irrigation rates are determined by the lowest moisture capacity and the minimum of allowable water supply for plants. The article proved that irrigation norms of crops should be linked to the conditions of natural formation of soils and determined their value by the difference of rainfall during the growing season for very wet (probability 85%) years under the conditions of natural water supply. It is necessary to take into account the productive soil's moisture at the beginning of the growing season. Therefore, irrigation rates should be determined not by the lowest moisture capacity and minimum of allowable water supply for plants, but by the optimal humidity of the soil with permissible marginal deviations of 5… 10% of the optimum value (for soil porosity). Using the proposed method for determining irrigation rates of crops will allow more efficient use of irrigation water within the field and maintain a satisfactory ecological and ameliorative state.


Interferon (IFN)-γ has long been known as a critical T helper (Th)1 cytokine in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation and autoimmune disease. It is considered a 'signature' pro-inflammatory cytokine and a major culprit in Th1 autoimmune pathologies, as well as an attractive drug target for modulating autoimmune disease. However, it is recognized increasingly that IFN-γ has paradoxical properties that give rise to its unexpected role as a regulator of immune responses, in addition to its known pro-inflammatory activity. There is emerging evidence indicating that the immunoregulatory role of IFN-γ is of great importance in the self-regulation/control of inflammation in autoimmune disease and that failure of this mechanism may contribute to persistent T-cell activation and inflammation. It is fascinating that the immune system uses the same molecule to both induce and regulate immune responses. In this article, new evidence related to the regulatory properties of IFN-γ is reviewed. In particular, its implications for the understanding of disease mechanisms and for the treatment of autoimmune disease are discussed.


Full-duplex (FD) antenna arrays are desirable for expanding the channel capacity of wireless systems up to 2, which is particularly important in the crowded sub-6-GHz spectral bands. Conventional FD solutions based on circulators do not scale to antenna arrays due to the presence of significant mutual coupling between antenna elements. This article describes a two-stage self-interference cancellation (SIC) method that is suitable for FD arrays. The first-stage SIC uses a replica-antenna (RA)-based network that is passive and linear and can thus be placed before the low-noise amplifier (LNA) without significantly degrading receiver noise figure (NF) and linearity. The RA-based SIC also simplifies the hardware requirements for the second-stage SIC, which uses an analog tapped delay line (ATDL) network. The proposed two-stage SIC was realized using off-the-shelf components and tested in the 1–3-GHz range using strongly coupled pairs of ultrawideband antennas. Network analyzer measurements show 20–30 dB of SIC using the RA network over the entire frequency range and >20 dB of SIC using a single-stage ATDL SIC over instantaneous bandwidths of 0.53–0.65 GHz. The combined transmit (Tx)–receive isolation is 66.5, 73.5, and 85.8 dB around the center frequencies of 1, 2, and 3 GHz, respectively. The amount of isolation is shown to be sufficient for realizing practical FD wireless links at 2 GHz with reasonable Tx power levels (0 dBm).


The PCL plates hydrolyzed by NaOH aqueous solutions and carboxylate groups were introduced onto the surfaces of specimen. Specimens were treated by CaCl2 and K2HPO4⋅3H2O under the normal-pressure condition and low-pressure of 103 Pa condition for 30min separately. Dense and uniform bone-like layers could be formed on the surface of specimens after mineralizing for less than 24h in simulated body fluids (SBF). The low-pressure condition could accelerate the formation of apatite layer.


Many research on the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors has been reported in the past half century. Some influential risk prediction models for coronary heart disease (CHD) have been validated in practice, but their predicted accuracy varies with demographic characteristics and environment influences. In order to reveal major risk factors and their prevalence among CHD patients in Guangzhou in recent years, cross-sectional studies were used here. 1491 patients were selected from the total patients with coronary heart disease admitted in Zhujiang Hospital by cluster sampling. It was found that various risk factors showed different distributions with age between two genders, and some interactions with each other factor existed in CHD patients, such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and blood lipid level. Moreover, hypertension and dyslipidemia might be the most important risk factors causing CHD events in this area for both of them had extremely high prevalence rates in the samples, 80.9% and 65.7% respectively. All the data and results laid a foundation for further study on risk evaluation model of CHD and provided some beneficial clues for the prevention of the disease in this area.


The invention relates to a medicinal pad, in particular to a medicinal pad with health care efficiencies of antibiosis and itching relieving, expelling wind and eliminating dampness, and the like. Presently, gynecological diseases are commonly and frequently encountered diseases among females, in particular to the inherent troubles for vast females, such as vaginitis, urethritis, acute and chronic pelvic inflammations, accounting for more than 50 percent of common gynecological diseases. The technological proposal of the invention is that: the medicinal pad with health care efficiencies of antibiosis and itching relieving, expelling wind and eliminating dampness has a medicine core, the medicine core is provided with such medicinal powders as radices sophorae flavescentis, fructus cnidii, atractylodes sinensis, fructus carpesii abrotanoidis, radices stemonae, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, Chinese angelica, indigo pulverata levis, clam shell powder, borneol and the like.; the medicinal pad has such health care functions as aroma and foul resistance, eliminating dampness and clearing away heat, eliminating toxicity and killing pests, expelling wind and relieving itching, promoting blood circulation and killing pain, and the like. Clinical trials prove that: the medicinal pad has the advantages of short treatment course, convenient usage and safety, simple and feasible technology and obvious curing effects but no toxic and side effect.


With the on-going expansion of oil palm plantations replacing biodiverse tropical rainforests, it is necessary to understand impacts of these practices on conservation. Increased densities of wild boar, Sus scrofa, and altered hunting practices are a few of the secondary effects from oil palm that threaten remaining wildlife communities in plantation landscapes. Increased wild boar will negatively affect remaining forests and agriculture. also suggest that demography can potentially be used as a proxy for hunting activity. To better understand the social factors that influence wild meat hunting and consumption, I carried out a study on hunting practices present in Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia. Through interviews with hunters, hunter-follows, and visiting wild meat markets, I explore how hunting is changing with the rise of oil palm. My results suggest that hunting with nets exerts removes the most animals, but almost exclusively capture wild boar. Overall, hunting provided food and income to local people, but was rarely a primary livelihood strategy. Wild boars have been shown to negatively impact forests when their densities are above normal. I suggest that hunting wild boar may be beneficial to both the local ecology and communities. I'm advocating the regulated use of nets as the hunting method that most selectively targets wild boars, minimizing the by catch of more threatened forest wildlife and removing pest boars from plantations. In addition, my results also suggest that demography can potentially be used as a proxy for hunting activity


The authors investigate and describe the emerging multi-fibre interconnection technologies together with the general cost advantages that can be expected before detailing some potential applications. >


By analyzing Fe-Ni-B compositional diagram we predicte a new energetically and dynamically stable FeNiB2 compound. This system belongs to the class of highly response state of material, as it is very sensitive to the external perturbations. This state is also characterized by a high level of spin fluctuations which strongly influence possible magnetic long- and short-range orders. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these antiferromagnetically dominating fluctuations could lead to the appearance of spin mediated superconductivity. The obtained results suggest a promising avenue for the search of strong spin fluctuation systems and related superconductors.


This paper intends to get compressive loading effect on fatigue crack growth of 2A12 aluminum alloy. The fatigue crack propagation tests at negative stress ratio R=-0.5, -1and -2 were made in different applied compressive loading. The result showed that the effect of the compressive loading part of the applied stress cycle on fatigue crack growth rate in 2A12 aluminum alloy at negative stress ratio can not be omitted.


The paper has synthesized and characterized 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline by IR,UV,1H NMR,MS and elemental analysis,determined the luminescence and phosphorescence spectra of the title compound.The experimental results have showed that the compound presents an emission peak around 460 nm,which covers the absorption spectra of the rare earth ions,indicating a strong tendency of energy transfer to the rare earth ion.The triplet state energy of the compound is determined to be 20 048 cm-1,which is much higher in energy than the resonance levels of Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions.So it can be predicted that 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline is able to sensitize the luminescence of Eu3+ and Sm3+.


The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of accounting infomation system of raw mateHal inventories" and the application of raw materials inventories and how they affect productivity. The result indicated that most of the application information system of raw material inventory has been properly applied and overall adequate for the benefit ofthe company. This is seen from accounting infomation system of raw materials components and the procedures perfonned are all in accordance to standard operational prosedure (SOP) applied by the company. The standard of productivity was targeted at 95%. The average percentage of snack productivity in 2013 is 92,53%, wheat production 94,93%, crackers production 96,17%, and chili production 97,53%.
Keywords: Accounting Infomation Systems Raw Materials Inventory , Productivity.


Three new species, Daviesia cunderdin, D. euryloba and D. umbonata, are described from south-western Western Australia. The first is a recently discovered rare and endangered species from near the town after which it is named. The latter two are segregated from the widespread and variable species D. cardiophylla F.Muell. Full descriptions, illustrations, a distribution map and a key to all four species are presented.


Abstract : This document provides a technical guide for project managers and management teams evaluating and implementing monitored natural recovery (MNR) at contaminated sediment sites. It is primarily intended to support environmental restoration at United States Department of Defense (DoD) sites; however, many aspects of the document also may be useful for other government organizations, potentially responsible parties, communities, and stakeholders involved in management of sediment cleanup. Specific objectives include: 1. Establishing principles and evaluation criteria for the comprehensive and cost-effective evaluation of MNR as a remedial option. 2. Providing a framework to properly design, implement, and monitor MNR and to predict the long-term performance of natural recovery processes in managing or reducing ecological and human health risks. In meeting these objectives, this technical guide promotes consistency among practitioners in developing lines of evidence to evaluate the site-specific suitability of MNR and in applying MNR to sediment sites. It provides a framework to consider alternative remedies or, as appropriate, to enhance MNR via thin-layer capping or other actions that might be required to achieve appropriate risk reduction within an acceptable time frame.


The first order language of graphs is a formal language in which one can express many properties of graphs — known as first order properties. The classic Zero-One law for random graphs states that if p is some constant probability then for every first order property the limiting probability of the binomial random graph G(n, p) having this property is either zero or one. The case of sparse random graphs has also been studied in detail for the binomial random graph model. We obtain results for random regular graphs that match the main results for G(n, p). In particular we prove that if the degree d is linear in the number of vertices n, or if d = n for 0 < α < 1 irrational, then the random d-regular graph Gn,d obeys the Zero-One law. On the contrary, if d = n for rational 0 < α < 1, then there is a (theoretically explicit) first order property with no limiting probability in Gn,d.


This article is concerned with thinking transformations of the secular, and does so in relation to two theoretical terrains, while empirically grounded in ethnographies of Christian and Islamic pious women in the Netherlands. A first theoretical terrain under consideration is that of how the relation between modernity and religion is elaborated, notably in secularization theories, and how these established frameworks are challenged by a different kind of articulation between modernity and religion that I observed in narratives and practices of young Evangelical and Islamic women in the Netherlands. The article traces the contours of a `pious modern', showing how from a faith-centred perspective the modern can be incorporated and indeed produced. In this context, I argue that the way in which notions of modernization and secularization have been theoretically hinged on each other needs to be further revisited, and I propose to consider the `post-secular' as a new disarticulation between the modern and the secular. A second theoretical terrain concerns questions of agency and subjectivity. Here I trace how situating religious agency in its own grammar makes secular assumptions in social, critical and feminist theory visible, and generates different understandings not only of agency but also of notions such as autonomy, and the capacity to act and shape the world.


AI systems have seen significant adoption in various domains. At the same time, further adoption in some domains is hindered by the inability to fully trust an AI system that it will not harm a human. Besides, fairness, privacy, transparency, and explainability are vital to developing trust in AI systems. As stated in Describing Trustworthy AI,aa.https://www.ibm.com/watson/trustworthy-ai. "Trust comes through understanding. How AI-led decisions are made and what determining factors were included are crucial to understand." The subarea of explaining AI systems has come to be known as XAI. Multiple aspects of an AI system can be explained; these include biases that the data might have, lack of data points in a particular region of the example space, fairness of gathering the data, feature importances, etc. However, besides these, it is critical to have human-centered explanations directly related to decision-making, similar to how a domain expert makes decisions based on "domain knowledge," including well-established, peer-validated explicit guidelines. To understand and validate an AI system's outcomes (such as classification, recommendations, predictions) that lead to developing trust in the AI system, it is necessary to involve explicit domain knowledge that humans understand and use. Contemporary XAI methods are yet addressed explanations that enable decision-making similar to an expert. Figure 1 shows the stages of adoption of an AI system into the real world.


Abstract The chromite mines spread over Sukinda ultramafic belt of Odisha, India, generate huge amount of overburden loaded with chromium along with nickel, iron and cobalt. During the present study, heterotrophic and acidogenic microbes inherent to the area (eight fungi and three bacteria) were isolated and identified as suitable for leaching of metal values from overburden samples. Fungal isolates in general, were found to be better leaching agents as compared to the bacteria. Aspergillus niger mut. schiemanni SUK101, the most potent isolate leached 54.1% Ni, 29.4% Cr, 22.1% Fe and 25.1% Co, whereas, Pseudomonas sp. SUK201 leached only 15% Ni, 6.01% Cr, 5.29% Fe and 4% Co. Time course studies showed promising metal solubilisation by A. niger SUK101, which could be a potential agent for bioleaching.


The invention provides a clamping type substrate turnover device. The clamping type substrate turnover device comprises a clamping drive mechanism, a turnover drive mechanism and a substrate clamping mechanism, wherein the clamping drive mechanism and turnover drive mechanism are separately connected with the substrate clamping mechanism, the substrate clamping mechanism is provided with a structure for clamping or loosing a substrate; the clamping drive mechanism is used to drive the substrate clamping mechanism to clamp or loose the substrate arranged in the substrate clamping mechanism; and the turnover drive mechanism is used to drive the substrate clamping mechanism to perform turnover movement, thus the substrate in the substrate clamping mechanism performs turnover movement. Therefore, the clamping type substrate turnover device can be used to clamp, transfer and turn the substrate and can keep the substrate to be stable during the turnover process; and the structure is simple, and the protection for the substrate is good.


Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K. We define an element α ∈ K to be pseudo-almost integral over D if there is an infinite increasing sequence {s i } of natural numbers and a nonzero c ∈ D with cα s i ∈ D. We investigate when a pseudo-almost integral element is almost integral or integral. We also determine the sequences {s i } with the property that for any domain D and α ∈ K, whenever cα s i ∈ D for some nonzero c ∈ D, than α is actually almost integral over D.


The in situ rock undergoing different kinds of deformation accumulates elastic energy that can be released spontaneously or under artificial effect. Triggering of energy can also be performed by means of a dynamic excitation caused by elastic waves. We carried out special field investigations with the use of seismic vibrators (Vibroseis-like sources) to study the effect of the energy release under the influence of seismic waves. In the first experiment we conducted borehole observations of high-frequency seismic noise in two narrow frequency bands around 500 Hz and 1 kHz. The induced noise emission occurred in both frequency windows when the medium had been irradiated with the low-frequency seismic vibrations. Intensity of emission was proportional to the mechanical power of a vibrator. In the second experiment we carried out downhole measurements of a broad-band seismic noise. They showed a gradual increase of the noise energy in the frequency range 100-200 Hz during a series of monochromatic vibrations with frequency of 67 Hz. Facts observed give evidence that the elastic energy which accumulated during the rock deformation can be triggered by a relatively weak seismic excitation.


Reactions of o-Quinones with Amines and Proteins. 7a-Methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahysroindole Derivatives from 4-Methylcatechol and Enamines

Methyl l-[2′-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5,6-dioxo-5.6.7,7a-tetrahydro-indole-3-carboxylate (1) was isolated after the oxidation of 4-methylcatechol with silver (1) oxide in the presence of b-alanine methyl ester in glacial acetic acid. The formation of 1 requires in situ dehydrogenation of the b-aminocarboxylate and addition of the resulting enamine to 4-methyl-1,2-benzoquinone. Reaction of ethyl 3-(phenylamino)crotonate with 4-methyl-1,2-benzoquinone afforded ethyl 2,7a-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-1-phenyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydroindole-3-carboxylate (6). Despite the fact that the yields are low, the addition of enamines to o-quinones represents an interesting novel extension of the Nenitzescu-reaction which is well known in the p-quinone series. Compound 1 may be considered as a novel model for the crosslinking of proteins by o-quinones. Formation of 1 was, however, not observed under physiological conditions.


Combined with the character of risk in tunnel construction the procedures and method of risk management are introduced. Meanwhile the risk evaluation and risk analysis are carried out using FTA (fault tree analysis and ITA (incident tree analysis) methods according to tunnel construction. At last the practicability and feasibility of the risk management method in tunnel construction are illustrated.


Trajectory estimation is a problem derived from a common indoor positioning scenario: the user is perceiving the environment while in motion. This paper focuses on an instance: the dead reckoning data of the user are provided by foot-mounted inertial positioning and the observations in the environment are position estimated from global positioning system (GPS) and Wi-Fi received signal strengths. An approach is proposed to merge the three types of data from multiple users using the graph-based SLAM framework. In constructing the graph, Wi-Fi-based edges are established adaptively and GPS-based edges are established as prior information for the corresponding positions from the dead reckoning generated trajectories. The users' trajectories can be aligned and calibrated using the proposed graph construction strategies. Afterwards, a crowsourced Wi-Fi-based radio map (RM) can be established for other users who need the fingerprinting-based Wi-Fi indoor positioning service. The accuracy of the users' trajectories and the crowdsourced RM are tested to validate the proposed approach.


Strict system equivalence describes the connection between least-order realizations of a transfer function in terms of a general linear constant system (Rosenbrock, H. H., 1970, State-space and Multivariable Theory (London: Nelson)). The paper generalizes this and related results to the case of multidimensional systems, i.e. systems of linear partial difference or differential equations with constant coefficients.


Abstract This paper utilizes social network analysis and multivariate statistical methods to quantitatively analyse co-authorship patterns between 2000 and 2015 in 13 influential design research journals. The results indicate that the importance and propensity of co-authorship is expanding in design research. Furthermore, the impact of an article, measured by year-adjusted citation counts, is significantly greater when it is co-authored. The structure of the co-authorship network is mostly comprised of small yet unconnected groups of authors, who seldom collaborate beyond a single article.


Abstract : The object of the invention is a method of protecting the working surface of solar batteries which contain photoelectric converters and concentrators. To eliminate damage from micrometric dust and particles of high energy the indicated converters are set up with the back surface to the light flux and concentrators are located in such a way that the light flux reflected from them falls on the active surface of the converters. (Author)


Crowd-powered systems have become a popular way to augment the capabilities of automated systems in real-world settings. Many of these systems rely on human workers to process potentially sensitive data or make important decisions. This puts these systems at risk of unintentionally releasing sensitive data or having their outcomes maliciously manipulated. While almost all crowd-powered approaches account for errors made by individual workers, few factor in active attacks on the system. In this paper, we analyze different forms of threats from individuals and groups of workers extracting information from crowd-powered systems or manipulating these systems' outcomes. Via a set of studies performed on Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform and involving 1,140 unique workers, we demonstrate the viability of these threats. We show that the current system is vulnerable to coordinated attacks on a task based on the requests of another task and that a significant portion of Mechanical Turk workers are willing to contribute to an attack. We propose several possible approaches to mitigating these threats, including leveraging workers who are willing to go above and beyond to help, automatically flagging sensitive content, and using workflows that conceal information from each individual, while still allowing the group to complete a task. Our findings enable the crowd to continue to play an important part in automated systems, even as the data they use and the decisions they support become increasingly important.


In flip-chip package, underfill (UF) was usually applied to enhance the reliability of solder joints. UF needs to be dispensed and filled, and then cured at high temperature for a long time. However, the curing process always results in volume shrinkage for polymers. The volumetric shrinkage of UF in package may causes internal stress and adversely affect solder joints. Moreover, the stress induced by UF cure shrinkage is most likely anisotropic because of the spherical shape of solder joints. Thus, the specific form or direction of cure-induced stress and its influence degree is a problem worthy of study. In this paper, based on finite element analysis (FEA), the UF curing induced internal deformation in flip chip package during isothermal curing process are analyzed in detail. It was found that UF curing shrinkage will cause additional compressive deformation at the corner of package. So, the solder at corner were subjected to compressive stress from outside of the package to inside. While, for the inner region, the deformation is significant anisotropy, which may not only induce tensile stress to solders in the plane, but also cause a slight tensile stress trend to substrate and chip in the height direction. Finally, the influence of UF curing stress on subsequent process are further discussed.


//www.flickr.com/photos/north-carolina-state-archives/2944530630/ [2]Before the Civil War [3], North Carolina was mostly an agricultural society with a large portion of its population living and working on farms. One of the main crops grown was tobacco, which was shipped to other states to be turned into tobacco products. Early products included chewing tobacco, smoking tobacco, cigars, and snuff. At first, cigarettes were rolled by hand, a very slow process.


E-commerce has spread all over the industry in China. However, the development of B2C e-commerce has been relatively slow. Especially, the development of prescription drugs, which account for a large share of the pharmaceutical market, has stalled. In recent years, with the implementation of a series of medical reform policies, the Internet marketing of prescription drugs has been an irresistible trend. To make prescription drug e-commerce become a reality, we must rely on external prescriptions. However, our country has many problems such as abusing prescription, illegal prescription, repeating prescription and other issues in the process of distribution. Based on this, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems on the basis of understanding the current situation of scholars at home and abroad. Combining with our national conditions and the "prescription management approach", this paper is going to establish a prescription supervision mechanism to support the circulation and utilization of prescriptions and design a set of the overall program.


Increased energy efficiency is vital for industrial plants in Uzbekistan to remain competitive. The EC Energy Centre in Uzbekistan (now the Uzbekistan Energy Centre) was established in early 1994 as a project under the European Union's Tacis Programme to support the introduction of market forces in the field of rational use of energy by providing advice to the Uzbekistan Government in developing and implementing an energy saving programme and to help to develop a culture in which cost-effective energy saving is rewarded. This represents the focus and logistical base for a range of activities to stimulate energy saving and training for energy managers.


In this paper, we report the development of a kinetic model for precisely predicting glass material property response to a defined molding profile. The glass viscosity, thermal expansion, and specific heat properties for two commercial optical glasses, P-SK57 and L-BAL35 were measured and are reported in this paper. These data were used with the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan (TNM) model for glass structural relaxation in order to develop a thermal expansion model that simulates the glass workpiece changes through the critical cooling profile where the final workpiece shape is determined. The results show a structural relaxation model incorporated into an ABAQUS FEM code that precisely models the thermal expansion behavior acknowledging that the theory of structural relaxation is a critical element in predicting the final size and shape of a molded lens.


Article History: Received: 27 Jul 2017 Revised: 1 Nov 2017 Accepted: 19 Dec 2017 Background: Insurance industry is recognized as a major economic entity. Development of insurance, and particularly life insurance, is among the necessities of industrial societies as this plays a substantial role in reinforcement of the society's economic power and, thus, establishes security and confidence. Aimed at analyzing the economic-social factors affecting insurance demand, the present study deals with estimation of life insurance demand function using panel data from 2006 up to 2014 in Iran. Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical study of the retrospective cohort applied type. Information registered in Iran's Statistics Center encompassing the interval from 2006 to 2014 was analyzed. Benefitting from economic evaluation mechanism and macro-scale economic and social variables affecting life insurance demand were investigated in 30 provinces of Iran. Finally, the country's demand function of life insurance was estimated using Stata12 and Eviewes8 software packages with panel data method. Results: Life expectancy rate has the largest impact on life insurance demand among the variables analyzed. In addition, urban settlement rate leaves the smallest effect on life insurance demand. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that increase and rise of variables such as life expectancy rate, dependency rate, urban settlement rate, literacy rate, likelihood of family head's death, population, and average net annual expenditures of urban family lead to increased tendency of individuals to life insurance. Furthermore, increase of other parameters like inflation rate and interest rate result in reduction of people's tendency toward life insurance.


A compression method, based on the choice of a wavelet [3]. For wavelet analysis, one poses the desired properties that matches the electrocardiogram signal to be compressed, is pro-and then derives the resulting basis functions. A wavelet is posed in this paper The coefficients of the scaling filter that minimize a small wave, which has its energy concentrated in time to the distortion of the compressed signal are used to determine the. ' wavelet. The choice ofthe scalingfilter is done by the parametrization pve altoo forstheanealis of stasi phenomena. Al of the scaling coefficients in a way that all the constraints are satisfied the so-called first-generation wavelet systems are built from a for any set of parameters. A genetic algorithm is used to determine single scaling function by scaling and translation operations. the parameters that minimize the distortion of the compressed signal. Almost all useful wavelet systems satisfy the multi-resolution The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared conditions, i.e. if the basic expansion signals are made half with the compression using the classical wavelet Db3.. ' Keywords data compression, electrocardiogram signals, ECG, as wlde and translated nto steps in the same way, they will wavelet and genetic algorithm. exactly represent a larger class of signals or give a better approximation of any signal. The lower resolution coefficients I. INTRODUCTION can be calculated from the higher resolution coefficients by a tree-structured algorithm called a filter bank. Because there Data (lossy or lossless) compression c torbe a ke are several representations for wavelets, they can be designed componentmofcommi o ssa dsta syste in th to fit individual applications, being ideal for adaptive systems lossless compression the decompressed data must be bit by tha aduttesle 'osi h inl[] bit identical to the original data. This feature is mandatory, Compress techniqes u sinal h ein for example, in the storage of texts, the reliability of which beapplied tocmnyiffe enginelern se especially must be preserved [1]. Even in systems that perform lossy teecrardiogram (eCG) sinas5.n ecGois asetiof compression, lossless compression is a key component, since the encoding of th original data with asfewbitsasposs electrical signals measured by electrodes placed in contact with the human body. The ECGs are almost periodic, consist-critical to the effectiveness of the system. However, with many ing of cardiac beat pulses with periods of approximately one kinds of data, the primary concern is that the decompressed second. From …


Abstract This paper investigates the problem of designing a nonlinear state feedback controller for a class of uncertain polynomial discrete-time systems using rational Lyapunov functions. The uncertainty that under consideration is modelled as a norm-bounded uncertainty. In general, the problem of designing a controller for polynomial discrete-time systems cannot be formulated as a convex problem. This is due to the fact that the Lyapunov function and the control input is not jointly convex, hence it cannot be solved by a semidefinite programming (SDP). In this paper, we propose a novel approach where an integrator is introduced to convexify the nonconvex controller design problem, so that it can be solved easily by SDP. Furthermore, based on the sum of squares approach, sufficient conditions for the existence of a rational polynomial state feedback controller for a polynomial discrete-time systems are given in terms of solvability of polynomial matrix inequalities. These inequalities are then solved by the recently developed sum of squares (SOS) solvers. Finally, numerical example is provided to demonstrate the validity of this integrator approach.


A well-known gas sensing material SnO2 in combination with reduced graphene oxide was used in heavy metal ions detection for the first time. This work reports the detailed study on the SnO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite modified glass carbon electrode, which could be used for the simultaneous and selective electrochemical detection of ultratrace Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in drinking water. The SnO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite electrode was characterized voltammetrically using redox couples (Fe(CN)63–/4–), complemented with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) has been used for the detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II). The detection limit (3σ method) of the SnO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite modified GCE toward Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) is 1.015 × 10–10 M, 1.839 × 10–10 M, 2.269 × 10–10 M, and 2.789 × 10–10 M, respectively, which is very well below the guideline value given by the World Health Organ...


The research aimed to identify the effect of the educational program with visual effects in the development of perceptual perception, motor compatibility, and accuracy of basketball shooting for people with hearing disabilities. The researchers used the experimental method with the experimental design of a sample of 16 students divided equally into two experimental and controlled groups representing the Institute of Al Amal. The researchers used scientific research tools, appropriate tools and devices, conducted a mini-reconnaissance experiment, and then conducted a pre-test. The application of educational units lasted eight weeks, with three units per week. After the completion of the implementation of the method was conducted, the dimensional tests were carried out. Data were extracted and processed statistically and then presented, analyzed, and discussed. The researchers came up with several conclusions. The most important of which is that the use of visual effects in educational units effectively influenced the development of sensory perception, motor compatibility, and accuracy of basketball shooting in the members of the experimental group. Also, visual effects play a role in the purification of the performance skills and the development of accuracy, as it provided opportunities for the student to realize the distance of performance and time, which led the player to correct the performance and prevent mistakes. The researchers recommended the need to emphasize the introduction of visual effects in the educational curriculum, basketball, and the development of mental processes and motor compatibility for students with hearing disabilities, as well as emphasizing the adoption of these effects in the exercises of the hearing impaired to develop the motor compatibility in a way that coincides and develops the accuracy of their performance of basic skills in basketball.


We deal with the existence of positive solutions for the following fractional Schrödinger equation: ε (−∆)u+ V (x)u = f(u) in R , where ε > 0 is a parameter, s ∈ (0, 1), N ≥ 2, (−∆) is the fractional Laplacian operator, and V : R → R is a continuous positive function. Under the assumptions that the nonlinearity f is either asymptotically linear or superlinear at infinity, we prove the existence of solutions which concentrate around local minima of the potential V (x).


Numerical modeling of multiphase flow generally requires a special procedure at the solid wall in order to be consistent with Young's law for static contact angles. The standard approach in the lattice Boltzmann method, which consists of imposing fictive densities at the solid lattice sites, is shown to be deficient for this task. Indeed, fictive mass transfer along the boundary could happen and potentially spoil the numerical results. In particular, when the contact angle is less than 90 degrees, the deficiencies of the standard model are major. Various videos that demonstrate this behavior are provided (Supporting Information). A new approach is proposed and consists of directly imposing the contact angle at the boundaries in much the same way as Dirichlet boundary conditions are generally imposed. The proposed method is able to retrieve analytical solutions for static contact angles in the case of straight and curved boundaries even when variable density and viscosity ratios between the phases are considered. Although the proposed wetting boundary condition is shown to significantly improve the numerical results for one particular class of lattice Boltzmann model, it is believed that other lattice Boltzmann multiphase schemes could also benefit from the underlying ideas of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is two‐dimensional, and the D2Q9 lattice is used. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A survey of recent developments in the modification of the earth's ionosphere by powerful radio waves is presented from a general perspective of RF heating of plasmas.


Objective To explore the levels of CD41 and CD62p on peripheral blood(PBPs) in patients with atril fibrillation and effects of Clopideral and Aspirin therapy.Methods The study subjects composed 58 patients and the patients randomly divided into 3 groups. 20 patients were treated with Aspirin 75mg per day(group I) ;20 with Aspirin 325mg per day(group II) and 18 with combination therapy with Aspirin 325mg and Clopideral 75mg per day(group III).Results Levels of PBPs in Group II and Group III were significantly decreased after 8 weeks therapy as compared to basic levels(P0.001),while CD41 were decreasd only in group III(P0.05).Conclusion Activation of PBPs may be well depressd by combination therapy with Aspirin 325mg and Clopideral 75mg per day.


ABSTRACT Government policy in the form of copyright protection laws fostered the commercial development of music. Technological innovation spawned the recording, movie and radio and television broadcast industries, expanding the economic horizon of music. Readily available recording devices, digital recording and Internet peer-to-peer song swapping have led to piracy problems. Although digital electronic music delivery could increase industry revenues, lack of consumer portability and conflicts between copyright protection for the industry and fair use provisions for individuals precluded widespread adoption. Choices and costs for consumers and industry growth and profits have been affected more by changes in technology and government policy than by variations in industry structure. Deregulation and technological development have changed the radio broadcast and concert promotion industries from monopolistically competitive to oligopolies, which in turn has threatened the growth of the music industry.


We read with interest the paper by Rutter et al on surveillance guidelines after colonoscopic polypectomy and postcolorectal cancer resection.1 However, like all similar recognised guidelines, they do not address the issue of following up polyps found on a flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) done to investigate rectal bleeding. With colonoscopy services in short supply in many countries, FS is often used at rectal bleeding clinics in cases where other known personal risk factors for colorectal neoplasia are absent.

At FS, the finding of a normal rectum and sigmoid combined with a likely anal cause of the bleeding excludes significant left-sided neoplasia. However, the appropriate follow-up of an adenoma found in the rectum or sigmoid colon has been a topic of much study and debate, centred on the likelihood of detecting significant proximal colonic neoplasia.

One of the most …


China and Japan belong to the civil law countries,so analysis of the latest revision of Japan's "Mining Law" is an important reference to the revision of China's "Mineral Resources Law".This paper,through the use of literature and comparative research methods,analyses the Japan's "Mining Law" Amendment context and direction.The Japan's latest "Mining Law" amendment revised the existing "Mining Law" for large-scale,completely changed the mining permit system and application system,and stipulated the regulatory system for resource exploration for the first time.Japan's "Mining Law" amendment will increase the efficiency of its mineral resources exploitation and utilization,and will strengthen the protection of its marine resources,which is beneficial to the revision of China's "Mineral Resources Law".


To sensorless a surgical motor control and / or -regelungsvorrichtung for controlling and / or regulating a one M-motor windings comprehensive sensorless electric motor of a surgical drive unit, which engine control and / or -regelungsvorrichtung is configured to perform a method for controlling and / or regulating to improve the drive unit so that an ideal possible current supply curve for the motor windings of the drive unit can be predetermined, it is proposed that the engine control and / or -regelungsvorrichtung is designed for controlling and / or regulating the drive unit by means of a multi-phase PWM method. Further, an improved method for controlling and / or regulating a surgical drive assembly, as well as an improved surgical drive system are proposed.


OBJECTIVE: Several efforts have been made to investigate the long-term efficacy of artificial disc replacement surgery compared with fusion after decompression for the treatment of cervical degener ...


During the period of this support, a new control system design and analysis method has been studied. This approach deals with control systems containing uncertainties that are represented in terms of its transfer function parameters. Such a representation of the control system is common and many physical parameter variations fall into this type of uncertainty. Techniques developed here are capable of providing nonconservative analysis of such control systems with parameter variations. We have also developed techniques to deal with control systems when their state space representations are given rather than transfer functions. In this case, the plant parameters will appear as entries of state space matrices. Finally, a system modeling technique to construct such systems from the raw input - output frequency domain data has been developed.