Objective To compare the profiles of serum proteomics across different groups(liver cirrhosis,normal controls and patients classified as Child-Pugh grades A,B and C) ,aiming at identifying biomarkers useful for early detection and outcome prediction. Methods Serum protein fingerprint was obtained among subjects with or without cirrhosis using PBS-Ⅱ and protein chip(CipherGen,USA) and analyzed with Biomarker Wizard to screen for differences in the expression of protein peaks. Results Significant differences in a number of proteins were shown between the cirrhosis group and the control group(16 types) ,Child-Pugh grades A and B(1 type) ,Child-Pugh grades A and C(9 types) but not between Child-Pugh grades B and C. Conclusion SELDI-TOF-MS may have a role in the diagnosis and disease evaluation of cirrhosis.


In theory, coal can provide all the chemical feedstocks now derived from oil; however, coal-chemistry technology has become outdated and needs to be improved to meet today's economic and technical demands. To bridge this gap, this collection of essays (translated from German) presents the current possibilities for producing organic chemicals from coal and suggests some routes for future developmental work. Ranging from primary coal-conversion reactions to initial product refining, the topics covered include low-temperature carbonization and coking, acetylene from calcium carbide, hydrogenation, gasification (to produce synthesis gas, hydrogen, or carbon monoxide), SNG manufacture, nuclear-heat-supplied gasification to synthesis gas and methane, the role of the Fischer-Tropsch process, the production of methanol and higher alcohols from synthesis gas, polymethylene manufacture, and the political and economic factors involved in deriving chemical feedstocks from coal.


Recently, significant progress has been made on GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) using atomic-layer deposition (ALD)-grown Al2O3 as gate dielectric. We show here that further improvement can be achieved by inserting a thin In0.2Ga0.8As layer as part of the channel between Al2O3 and GaAs channel. A 1-μm-gate-length, depletion-mode, n-channel In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs MOSFET with an Al2O3 gate oxide of 160 A shows a gate leakage current density less than 10−4 A/cm2, a maximum transconductance ∼105 mS/mm, and a strong accumulation current at Vgs>0 in addition to buried-channel conduction. Together with longer gate-length devices, we deduce electron accumulation surface mobility for In0.2Ga0.8As as high as 660 cm2/V s at Al2O3/In0.2Ga0.8As interface.


N 1873, John Ruskin entered a long-standing scientific controversy by I writing a violent attack on John Tyndall's theory of glacial movement. This encounter, one of the last between a literary figure and a scientist in the Victorian period, has never been closely examined, no doubt because of Ruskin's quirkiness; the assault seems hysterical and unmotivated, and Tyndall never deigned to reply. Yet I would like to suggest that few incidents in Victorian literature are so rich in implication. In the first place, Ruskin's treatment of the glacier question belongs to his general critique of scientific materialism-a phase in what one commentator has called the "most comprehensive, if not the most orderly treatment by a Victorian man of letters of the place of science in modern culture."I In the second place, both men were alike in having attempted to mediate between science and poetry: Tyndall, for example, wrote popular evocations of the Alpine sublime, while Ruskin published specialized papers in geology. Ruskin's attack is rich in irony, therefore, since his true relationship to Tyndall is not one of simple antagonism, but (with important exceptions) an antagonism of resemblances. These resemblances are important because they illuminate a crucial intersection in Victorian culture: the intersection of Romantic tradition with the triumph of scientific naturalism.


Since Web users' queries are often too short, an accurate and interactive speech interface is believed very helpful, especially for WAP-based Web search engines. To provide high accurate speech recognition and effective interactive search, a rigid and live web thesaurus that contains users' search terms plus a set of relations between their associated terms is highly in demand. The purpose of this paper is intended to present a log-based approach for live thesaurus construction. Based on the live thesaurus, certain kinds of users' information behaviors could be characterized and a more effective voice-based search engine could be developed.


Three hypotheses are developed to explain the role of construal processes in conformity behavior. According to the preconformity change of meaning hypothesis, social influence leads to changes in situational construal that precede and mediate conformity behavior: according to the postconformity change of meaning hypothesis, construal change follows and justifies conformity; and according to the construal-consistency hypothesis, preexisting situational construal distinguishes those who conform from those who dissent. Four experimental studies with varying methodology and involving a total of 361 undergraduate students were performed to test these hypotheses. The results of all studies provide strong evidence for postconformity change of meaning effects


Locating the relationship between requirements and architectures in software engineering design has taxed researchers ever since the topic appeared. Requirements are firmly part of the problem world, architectures part of the solution. Any relationship between cannot then properly be seen as existing in either - even though exponents of requirements or architectures may try to convince of it! But if it exists, where is it located?
 We will discuss possible locations, and suggest, with the aid of a new framework for engineering design, that the correct place is in the mind of the designer.


Large amount of data is generated on Social Network websites like twitter every day. Sentiment analysis is done to extract meaningful information from large amount of data. In this paper, we have performed sentiment analysis on customers opinions and reviews to find out which leading display technology they like more; Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) or light-emitting diode (LED). By studying the results, organizations can find out what customers think. Then the organizations can plan accordingly to provide what their customers want which will result in increase in sales and profit.


We analyze numerically the behaviour of the hyperbolic sector of the Fully Constrained Formulation (FCF) (Bonazzola et al. 2004). The numerical experiments allow us to be confident in the performances of the upgraded version of the CoCoNuT code (Dimmelmeier et al. 2005) by replacing the Conformally Flat Condition (CFC), an approximation of Einstein equations, by FCF. First gravitational waves in FCF in a dynamical spacetime with matter content will be shown.


This paper introduces a new approach to realize video databases. It consists of a VideoText data model based on free text annotations associated with logical video segments and a corresponding query language. Traditional database techniques are inadequate for exploiting queries on unstructured data like video, supporting temporal queries, and ranking query results according to their relevance to the query. We propose to integrate information retrieval techniques to provide these features and to extend the query language to accommodate interval queries that are useful due to the stream nature of video data. Algorithms are presented to show how user queries are evaluated. Finally, a generic and modular video database architecture based on the VideoText data model is described.


In recent years, mathematical structures were altered with fuzzy numbers or interval numbers and these mathematical structures have been very popular in mathematics world so we have taken courage and hope from it, and we defined bounded and convergent sequences spaces of interval numbers. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the null, convergent and bounded sequence spaces of interval numbers c i, c i and l i, respectively, consisting of all sequences x = (xk) such that (xk) is a sequence of interval numbers. Also some new defin- itions and theorems about sequence spaces of the interval numbers were given in this paper.


Emission measurements have been conducted in the three laboratories in France, Germany and the UK on the basis of driving cycles representing the driving behaviour in urban areas. The driving cycles are derived from driving behaviour data collected in Marseille, Grenoble, London, Derby, Cologne and Krefeld. The cycles cover the whole range of vehicle speed and acceleration in urban traffic. The selection of 150 vehicles used to determine the emission data sets is based on the stratification principle because the aim was to adapt the emission data sets to the various compositions of the vehicles populations in the different European Community member states. To meet this requirement, the selection should be in the form of layers. The layers were defined such that the various automobile types gathered in one layer show but comparatively little difference in their emission behaviour. In this paper the mean emissions and fuel consumption of different vehicles concepts classified into 11 layers are presented for 14 so called modem cycles. In addition this report contains a description of the methodology for modelling exhaust emissions and fuel consumption on the basis of continuous emission measurement. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 875003.


"Canada is a wealthy country, rich in both human and capital resources. The incomes earned by its people today are among the highest in the world. The current high standing is a legacy from previous generations. Over the decades, huge investments have been made in infrastructure. Communications and transportation systems are, for the most part, vast, modern and efficient, joining together far-flung regions into a highly integrated economic union. A large and mature education system has been developed. Publicly financed, high quality health care is available to all Canadians...Canada has been an economic success story." Economic Council of Canada, Pulling Together: Productivity, Innovation and Trade, 1992: 1.


Science, Technology, & Human Values regularly publishes information about new fellowships and awards available for study or research on the interaction of science and society. This guide, compiled exclusively for the readers of Science, Technology, & Human Values, contains information on eligibility requirements, application procedures, deadlines, stipend or salary, restrictions, and where to write for additional information. In describing eligibility requirements and restrictions, we have adhered, wherever possible, to the specific language used by the sponsor of the award.


Products of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are particularly cyano and trifluoromethyl, R3 is particularly alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl optionally substituted by nitrooxy or carbonyloxy, R4 and R5 are particularly methyl optionally substituted by fluorine, and X and Y are particularly oxygen, as well as salts and isomers thereof, are disclosed.


As a link in the studies on the extracellular polysaccharide by lactic acid bacteria, the experiment was conducted to investigate the viscosity variations and rheological properties of l0% reconstituted skim milk and 12% reconstituted whole milk, respectively. 1. 10% reconstituted skim milk cultured by Str. thermophilua 510 showed strong flow property of pseudoplastic fluid depending upon the production of exopolysaccharide. And the viscosity reached the highest value within 14% concentration. 2. 12% reconstituted whole milk cultured by lactic acid bacteria indicated flow property of pseudoplastic fluid. But there was a big difference in the viscosity as compared with 10% skim milk. 3. The maximum consistency index (k) and the minimum flow behavior index (n) of the fermented milk by Str.thermophilua 510 were 43 and 0.09, respectively. They were 35 and 0.09, in case of Lb. bulgaricus.


This work is aimed at the recovery of shadowed pixels in optical imagery acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for environmental purposes. When acquiring imagery with UAV, scene dependent elements as trees, man-made constructions or the terrain morphology can block the sun beam of light (direct irradiance) and to project shadows, causing the surface to only receive diffuse light (diffuse irradiance). We present a method to reduce the effects of the shadows and to recover information based on in-situ spectral reflectance measurements. The shadow reduction is done using a pair of spectrally characterized target sets, one set placed under direct irradiance (non-shadowed targets) and, the second set, with the same spectral characteristics under diffuse irradiance (shadowed targets). Assuming that the target reflectance is the same in both sets located in the shadows and in direct illumination, we model the image values in shadowed targets using the image values of non-shadowed targets and the model is applied to all shadowed areas. The method can be very useful in forested areas sensed by drones (e.g., in detailed new forests identification, in protected areas monitoring, etc).


In the information society,communication between people needs the authority of identity,the implementation of identification systems involved by the public authority meets this need,and is widely used in social life.However,only through the law regulating specific citizens' personal information self-determination,and set the government' s responsibility both in nonaggression and protection of personal information,the identity cards can play the authority role to prove the citizenship.The shortcomings of China's current ID legal regulation are that the government failed to fulfill the necessary personal information protection responsibilities,and the dominant position of the personal information of citizens were missed,then led to the government' s power abuse and individual rights infringement.So,it is necessary to protect the personal information as the core,improve our country' s identity cards legal regulation.


This article addresses the main tendencies and directions of Russian telecom market. Special attention is given to the problem of differentiation of Russian regions by level of development of telecom services market. The article describes the range of problems, impeding an intensive development of Russian telecom market, as well as indicates possible ways of their solving.


An Al-based metallic glass rod with 0.75 mm diameter was prepared successfully using the copper-mould casting technique together with the proper melt treatment of the liquid alloy. The compressive properties of this Al–Ni–Y metallic glass were experimentally examined. The results showed that the amorphous alloy has a high yield strength of 1090 MPa and a compressive fracture strength of 1150 MPa. Its fracture surface presented typical vein patterns and melting phenomena characteristic of a monolithic metallic glass.


This work examines the use of Loop subdivision surfaces as a surrogate for CAD or analytic-based geometry. The modeler begins by constructing a subdivision surface from a full-resolution imported surface triangulation, and then queries this surface to return information about the model. Evaluations on the surface are performed using a simplified implementation of Stam's exact evaluation procedure for Loop subdivision surfaces. The paper presents details of this simplified approach and shows how it can be used to provide surface coordinates, derivatives, and curvatures for evaluations at arbitrary parameter values. The implementation also provides the ability to tag hard-edges (and implicitly hard-vertices) in the imported geometry to preserve creases and points using a one-dimensional cubic-spline scheme which preserves C continuity along hard-edges. Away from hard-edges and vertices, the Loop surface is C continuous everywhere except in the immediate vicinity of irregular vertices in the control-net where it still retains C continuity. Examples are presented using control-nets built from a variety of legacy triangulations with widely varying complexity. To demonstrate the modeler, we use a simplified meshing application which queries arbitrary locations on the surface to support either uniform or curvature-adaptive triangle refinement. The simple evaluation rules for surface coordinates and derivatives make the scheme extremely fast and robust. Since the input triangulation becomes the control-net of the subdivision surface, it is not necessarily an interpolant for the input data. Various approaches for making the surface interpolating are discussed, and this area remains one of active research.


1This article is based on the author's doctoral dissertation. Appreciation is expressed to Drs. Martin B. Miller, Herbert Goldstein, and Irv Bialer for their helpful suggestions. It is well known, both in Europe and the United States, that public institutions for mentally retarded people are of higher quality in the Scandinavian countries than in the United States. It is therefore generally assumed that attitudes toward the retarded are more favorable in Scandinavia than in the United States (e.g., Lippman, 1972). Yet, there are few data to support this assumption. Jordan (1969) found that Danish people did not express more favorable attitudes toward physically disabled persons than did Americans. Consequently, the relative favorableness of attitudes toward the handicapped in general, and the mentally retarded in particular, remains to be examined. The purpose of this study was to


The performance of VBLAST is studied based on wideband correlated MIMO channels. The simulation results indicate that the performance of VBLAST is also degraded with increasing of correlation, but the impact of correlations on system is decreased when the number of receiver antenna is increased.


An imaging system having a plurality of optical modules is provided. FOV of the plurality of optical modules, focal length, and / or sensors may be designed to generate an image having an image and an arbitrary magnification of high quality.


Thank you for downloading designing your own career a job hunting guide for administrators and would be administrators. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this designing your own career a job hunting guide for administrators and would be administrators, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


Finding patterns of the short sequences in DNA, RNA protein sequence has immense biological significance. The characterization and recognition of motifs is therefore an important method for a more in-depth understanding of genes or proteins in their structure, function and relations of evolution. This is one of the classical problems in the field of computational biology and which is an NP Hard problem. In this paper, we have proposed an evolutionary approach to get the motifs from DNA sequence by searching candidate motifs using heuristic way from the data. We have included various mutation techniques in an evolutionary approach and found an efficient way to calculate the fitness of our candidate motifs. We have evaluated the fitness of found motifs from our approach with benchmark data sets. Our method performs better results in terms of accuracy and specificity.


A look back on the past quarter of a century evokes feelings of nostalgia and joy, an essence of pride but most of all immense gratitude. The history of this once small and widely neglected journal, as it was at the start of 1995, would not have been possible without the support and enthusiasm of so many colleagues and friends from all around the globe. It would be unfair to name only a few here so instead I would like to express my deep gratitude here to all of you for your sup‐ port and for your contributions along the 25-year journey of JEEMS! I am very much looking forward to finding out what the future holds for our journal.


Dr. E. De Paoli Vitali, Divisione di Nefrologia, Arcispedale S.Anna, I-44100 Ferrara (Italy) Dear Sir, The loss of renal concentrating ability [1–3] with normal renal function is an early manifestation of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In order to estimate whether tubular functional changes are an early event in the course of ADPKD, renal tubular functional tests and sonographic data were compared in 20 ADPKD subjects (1st and 2nd decade of life). These subjects were selected by DNA linkage analysis [4–6] and had ultrasonographic studies (3.5MHz transducers; AUC 940, Ansaldo). Segmental sodium reabsorption was evaluated by the use of free water clearance analysis during maximal diuresis by oral water loads [7]. Serum erythropoietin, urinary enzymes (GGT, NAG) and mic-roalbuminuria were also determined. Ultrasonography showed bilaterally cystic kidneys in all subjects, but 3 (table 1). Serum erythropoietin (GGT


An examination of the philosopher Gottfried Leibniz's views on extrinsic denominations (relational properties), which argues that they are in fact the properties of the things they denominate.


In general, the mobile computing applications based on mobile-client/server model require the synchrony and reliability of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) as well as Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms. In case of interactive mobile applications, the mobile processes executing at mobile clients coordinate with corresponding server processes through IPC. These interactive mobile computing applications require an integrated framework supporting distributed RPC and IPC mechanisms. This paper proposes novel software architecture integrating IPC and RPC mechanisms in mobile-client/server model to support interactive mobile computing applications offering location transparency and scalability. The software architecture is successfully implemented and evaluated in real-life mobile computing environment.


Remote work systems (WMNs) have turned into an undeniably famous kind of remote access that gives high availability between clients. The quality of services (QoS) is an essential issue in WMNs. In any case, keeping in mind the end goal to give the best QoS, a few issues still should be tended to, for example, handoff. In this paper, handoff administration plot in light of WMN is proposed and assessed. The fundamental target of the proposed conspire is to diminish the handoff delay and hence, diminishes the bundle misfortune. The proposed handoff conspire chooses the most brief way between the source and goal which is maximally-jointed with the essential one. Late advances in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have beaten the disadvantages of customary wired systems and remote specially appointed systems. WMNs will assume a main part in the up and coming age of systems, and the subject of how to give smooth portability to WMNs is the main impetus behind the examination. The intrinsic attributes of WMNs, for example, generally static spines and very versatile customers, require new handoff administration answers for be composed and executed. This work is to plan and execute productive handoff administration plans to help smooth versatility in WMNs.


Let me start with a literary anecdote from another war and another country, to illustrate some of the relations between war, trauma, and language that are the topic of this paper. The notorious writer LouisFerdinand Céline, in his Journey to the End of the Night, narrates his experiences as a French soldier during World War I. The main character of the novel, Bardamu (bearing some, but mostly a deceptive resemblance to Céline) was duped into army service by following a parade through Paris soon after the outbreak of the Great War, happy to be honoured by streets full of 'civilians and their wives cheering us as we passed, and throwing flowers at us.' Soon after he arrived at the front-line, his enthusiasm waned; Bardamu was desperately finding ways to get wounded or be taken prisoner (by either side, for whatever reason) in order to get out. The continuous threat to be killed by German soldiers or the French military police – 'The only uncertain thing in the whole business was what uniform one's executioner would wear' – had completely undermined his morale. So had the continuous abuse by his superiors, the poor quality of the food and lack of sleep and shelter, and his utter disbelief in the higher purposes of the war had completely undermined his morale. He envied the deadly sick horses of his troupe, all with large open wounds on their back, raw and running with pus, because they were not required to approve of the war or to believe in it. He loathed to be cannon fodder in service of some patriotic ideals he did not subscribe to and, in addition, to be ebullient about his condition at the same time. The horses suffered but were free. 'Enthusiasm', however, 'was our dirty prerogative, reserved for us!' After being wounded, Bardamu returned to Paris, where he encountered the complicity of the medical establishment to the war effort. The first few weeks, he appeared to be in good spirits. However,


Children's play equipment kitchen includes a picture of the kitchen utensils. The figure is provided with a front panel having a holder. The holder is a tablet computer, smart phone, and a substantially flat screen is configured to hold either one of the electronic apparatus selected from the program other devices capable provided on the front surface, wherein the electronic apparatus, including the pre-installed software, the user and that operation of the software, the visual content is displayed by the screen to appear as if the kitchen utensil is being used. According to another arrangement, the combination of electronics applications and a children's play kitchen utensils for tablet computers or smart phones are provided. The kitchen rides include a picture of the kitchen utensils. The figure is provided with a front panel having a holder. The holder is configured to hold the electronic devices selected from a tablet computer and a smart phone. It said electronic apparatus is to display the visual content on a screen of the electronic apparatus is programmed to indicate as being like kitchen utensil is used.


In this paper, the design on an MMIC broadband low-noise amplifier was briefly described in terms of SiGe process technology, circuit structure and parameter optimization, package parasitic effect and external circuit effect. After the LNA was processed, the tested results showed the following. The bandwidth of amplifier was 3.37GHz, the power gain (S21) was 29dB, the reverse isolation (S12) was less than or equal to -39dB, the noise figure (NF) was less than or equal to 2.35dB. When the signal frequency was 1.5GHz, P1dB was 9.2dBm, and OIP3 reached 21.8dBm


This study aims to investigate the research trends in articles published on leadership in nursing. Leadership is a major research topic in nursing. However, the research trends in leadership in nursing still remain unknown. The researchers used a certain keyword "leadership" in 833 research articles in the nursing category of the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) in the Web of Science (WoS) database, and in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) WoS index. The research data were recorded and analyzed in Excel and they were visualized in VOSviewer program. The study findings indicated that research articles on leadership in nursing were produced in 49 different countries between 1970 and 2018. It was additionally noted that USA has the highest number of publications and that the Journal of Administration was the most popular journal in regard to leadership in nursing topic. It was also reported that a majority of these studies (98.6%) were published in English with most common keywords "leadership", ''nursing'', "transformational leadership", "leadership in nursing".It was further found that the number of studies on leadership in nursing has been gradually increasing, that the researchers in the United States were trailblazers in the field, and that the Journal of Administration has been one of the main sources of data. This study, accordingly, is considered to guide researchers in relation to research trends in leadership in nursing.


Due to the more dependence among countries and the raised demand for energy, the energy trade have increased during recent decades, while its major share is intra-industry trade (IIT). In this regard, countries are trying to exploit the diversity of a particular product, as well as the technology transfer and knowledge of technology which generated by IIT in this sector. According to the importance of role of IIT in the economies, this study will identify the determinants of IIT in the energy sector among Iran and its major trading partners using gravity model and Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) method during 1997-2016. Based on the results, the effects of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Iran and the selected countries, the products' diversification in the energy sector of Iran and its partners, access to the open sea for Iran's trading partners, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the energy sector in Iran are significant and positive on IIT. However, the geographical distance, transportation costs, and trade imbalances among Iran and the selected countries have had the significant and negative effects on IIT.


Abstract The present study uses a commercial heat cured silicone rubber formula (including a process aid) and mixing techniques to investigate the effect of varying fumed silica properties—includin...


Moral education notion can direct moral education practice;to establish the scientific moral education notion is the intrinsic need for the further development of moral education,and it is also the precondition to make the moral education have great effects.The development of moral education notion has undergone several periods,including the moral education which focus on passing the moral and culture,the subjective moral education notion,the scientific moral education notion and the consentaneous moral education notion,all of which to some extent promote the establishment of moral education and step up the effects.However,there are some disadvantages.


To gain the result of the safety assessment of CFST arch bridge,based on the traditional safety evaluation methods,a support vector machine model of safety evaluation method was presented.With consideration of several key factors which affect the whole safety state such as load bearing capability,damage of bearing component and damaged state of appearance,a support vector machine model were established and trained by checking samples gained from the data measured on the spot.Finally,the whole safety evaluation of load bearing capability,damage of bearing component,damaged state of appearance and completed state of arch bridge were gotten by the method of simulation.The result of safety evaluation one practical Bridge shows that the approach is highly potential and practical to evaluate the safety of long-span concrete filled steel tube arch bridge.


The biosynthesis of the bovine growth hormone (BGH) in E. coli DH1 cells containing the plasmid pbGH(1-119)ptrp was studied. It was found that BGH accumulated in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells as optically dense granules that can be isolated by low-speed centrifugation. A fraction of purified protein granules was used for further purification of BGH. A purified BGH preparation contained two polypeptides with molecular weights of 18,000 and 22,000 D. The state of plasmid was investigated during cultivation and storage of the culture.


It has been repeatedly stated in the literature that mammalian cells increase in volume when placed in acid solutions. Conversely, it has been thought that the swelling of tissue cells observed in various pathological conditions is often the result of acid production (1). The process has been supposed to be similar to that producing volume changes in such dead systems as gelatin, when the H + concentration of the solution is altered. Erythrocytes are known to swell in acid solutions. This volume change has been shown by Van Slyke and his associates (2) and by Warburg (3) to be dependent on the facts that the membrane of the erythrocyte is permeable to anions, but not to cations or hemoglobin, and that the amount of base in combination with hemoglobin is a function of the H + concentration; alteration in the latter produces change in osmotic pressure within the cell, in accordance with the Donnan equilibrium, and hence volume change of the cell. The mammalian erythrocyte is, however, a highly specialized cell, in respect to function, as well as low metabolism, inability to divide, and absence of nucleus. I t is, therefore, not permissible to assume that a mechanism for volume change exists in living nucleated ceils such as is present in erythrocytes and dead systems. In fact recent work tends to show that living cells are relatively impermeable to both cations and anions as long as they remain uninjured. We were, moreover, inclined to question whether swelling of living ceils in acid solutions was a well established fact. In previous work it is not clear whether ceils were alive or dead at the end of the experiment. But, as will be seen, it is precisely this question of the life or death of the ceil that determines whether it will swell in acid solutions. 709


The formation of groups is of essential importance in biology. Aggregation is based on a simple dynamical model for the motion of each individual. It is shown that a {\em swarm} is formed within a short time span and is stable under perturbations. Keywords: Grouping behavior, stochastic control.


The p53 tumor suppressor protein has a well‐established role in cell fate decision‐making processes through many mechanisms. However, recent discoveries indicate that p53 has much broader cellular functions that are non‐tumor‐suppressive roles, such as regulating glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Here, we identify GAMT (guanidinoacetate methyltransferase), an enzyme involved in creatine synthesis, as a novel p53 target gene and a key downstream effector of adaptive response to nutrient stress. We show that GAMT is not only involved in p53‐dependent apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress but is important for apoptosis induced by glucose deprivation. Additionally, p53→GAMT up‐regulates fatty acid oxidation (FAO) induced by glucose starvation, utilizing this pathway as an alternate ATP‐generating energy source. These results highlight that p53‐dependent regulation of GAMT allows cells to maintain energy levels sufficient to undergo apoptosis or survival under conditions of nutrient stress. p53→GAMT pathway represents a new link between cellular stress responses and processes of creatine synthesis and FAO, demonstrating a further role of p53 in cellular metabolism.


A method is given of designing two-dimensional symmetrical aerofoils in subsonic compressible flow when the boundary conditions are mixed. The aerofoil surface is divided into three parts such that the shape is prescribed in the first and third and the pressure distribution is specified in the second. The method has the advantage over the usual method of aerofoil design (pressure distribution given over the whole aerofoil surface) of giving the designer direct control of the nose shape and the trailing edge angle.


The kernel energy method (KEM) has been illustrated with peptides and has been shown to reduce the computational difficulty associated with obtaining ab initio quality quantum chemistry results for large biological compounds. In a recent paper, the method was illustrated by application to 15 different peptides, ranging in size from 4 to 19 amino acid residues, and was found to deliver accurate Hartree–Fock (HF) molecular energies within the model, using Slater-type orbital (STO)-3G basis functions. A question arises concerning whether the results obtained from the use of KEM are wholly dependent on the STO-3G basis functions that were employed, because of their relative simplicity, in the first applications. In the present work, it is shown that the accuracy of KEM does not depend on a particular choice of basis functions. This is done by calculating the ground-state energy of a representative peptide, ADPGV7B, containing seven amino acid residues, using seven different commonly employed basis function sets, ranging in size from small to medium to large. It is shown that the accuracy of the KEM does not vary in any systematic way with the size or mathematical completeness of the basis set used, and good accuracy is maintained over the entire variety of basis sets that have been tested. Both approximate HF and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are made. We conclude that the accuracy inherent in the KEM is not dependent on a particular choice of basis functions. The first application, to 15 different peptides mentioned above, employed only HF calculations. A second question that arises is whether the results obtained with the use of KEM will be accurate only within the HF approximation. Therefore, in the present work we also study whether KEM is applicable across a variety of quantum computational methods, characterized by differing levels of accuracy. The peptide, Zaib4, containing 74 atoms, was used to calculate its energy at seven different levels of accuracy. These include the semi-empirical methods, AM1 and PM5, a DFT B3LYP model, and ab initio HF, MP2, CID, and CCSD calculations. KEM was found to be widely applicable across the spectrum of quantum methods tested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006


The invention relates to a copper and copper alloy surface corrosion resisting zirconium phosphate compound film and a preparation method. The invention belongs to the copper and the copper alloy anticorrosive technology field. The invention adopts a surface crystallization method to prepare. The invention makes use of the copper and copper alloy as a basal body to mixture the zirconium phosphatecompound film in a solution comprising Zr and organic phosphonic acid. Density and thickness of the film are modulated via controlling reaction conditions, so as to gain a dense film whose thickness is in the range of 0.8mu m to 20mu m. The invention has the advantages of that: the film need not be processed hydrophobic post-processing; the method omits the fussy operation step; the prepared zirconium ohophate compound film can effectively prevent from connecting between corrosion medium and the basal body and have a better corrosion resistance; the film has a good binding force with surface of component and a high stability; and the film doesn't comprise toxic ion so as to have no any poisoning effect for human body and have no pollution for environment; and the invention also has a simple process; raw material is easily gained; the invention has a low cost and a good repeatability.


Magnetic cavities are sudden depressions of magnetic field strength widely observed in the space plasma environments, which are often accompanied by plasma density and pressure enhancement. To describe these cavities, self‐consistent kinetic models have been proposed as equilibrium solutions to the Vlasov‐Maxwell equations. However, observations from the Magnetospheric Multi‐Scale (MMS) constellation have shown the existence of helical magnetic cavities characterized by the presence of azimuthal magnetic field, which could not be reconstructed by the aforementioned models. Here, we take into account another invariant of motion, the canonical axial momentum, to construct the particle distributions and accordingly modify the equilibrium model. The reconstructed magnetic cavity shows excellent agreement with the MMS1 observations not only in the electromagnetic field and plasma moment profiles but also in electron pitch‐angle distributions. With the same set of parameters, the model also predicts signatures of the neighboring MMS3 spacecraft, matching its observations satisfactorily.


Results are presented on a technique to determine the distribution function f(E) in the non-equilibrium state of a superconductor. This technique is used to show a more highly peaked f(E) near the gap for tunnel injection at low voltages.


With the data-rich environment and the advancement of information and communication technology, the origin of Hägerstrand's time geography become inadequate on meeting the need of representing and analyzing characteristics of human activity nowadays. In this regard, this paper revisits the space-time path and space-time constraints as two main parts of the theory from the current perspective and envisions how these two parts relevant in analyzing social networks by reviewing the recent work in this area. In conclusion, by extending the theory in these two parts, Hägerstrand's time geography can not only fit well in human activity in physical space but also in the virtual space.


Hi,Bob,Life is filled with stress:stress of the ex-ams,stress of work,stress of communicationswith other strangers.To make life colorful is sohard,it can never meet your ideal.Please tell me something about yourself,your life,and maybe I can feel better.Please donot worry about me;the blue mood is always


Excessive deposition of fibronectin in the glomerular mesangium in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is partly due to the induction of transforming growth factor(TGF) by high glucose. TGFinduces its downstream mediator connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which stimulates fibronectin matrix synthesis, a process that requires the presence of 5 1 integrin. Although TGFhas been shown to upregulate 5 1 integrin expression in human mesangial cells (HMC), little is known about the effect of CTGF on levels of this receptor. This study tested whether CTGF modulates 5 1 expression by HMC in culture and whether changes induced by TGFare mediated through the induction of CTGF. FACS analysis showed that both TGFand CTGF significantly increased cell-surface 5 1 levels compared with basal conditions. RTPCR indicated that the changes were at the level of transcription. Treatment of cells with TGFand antisense CTGF oligonucleotides significantly reduced the TGF–induced increases in 5 1 levels. CTGF and TGFalso significantly increased levels of ligand-occupied cell-surface 1 integrins and cell adhesion to fibronectin, the main 5 1 substrate. Antisense CTGF significantly reduced the number of adherent cells from TGF–stimulated cultures. Finally, 5 1 blocking antibodies inhibited HMC fibronectin matrix deposition, confirming the importance of this receptor for this process. Taken together, these data provide evidence that CTGF controls 5 1 expression by HMC in vitro. Alterations in 5 1 levels induced by TGFare mediated at least in part through the induction of CTGF, and specific targeting of either 5 1 or CTGF could be useful in controlling excessive fibronectin matrix production in DN. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the glomerular mesangium (1). Although hyperglycemia in diabetes is directly related to the severity of the disease (2), it is not entirely clear how high glucose concentration exerts its effects on mesangial cells. However many of the effects of high glucose are thought to be mediated through its induction of the growth factors, transforming growth factor(TGF) (3) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) (4–6). The level of both factors increase in the glomerulus in DN (3,6). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a 36to 38-kD cysteine-rich secreted protein (7). CTGF is encoded by an inducible immediate early gene and is one of six distinct members of the CCN family (8). The CTGF gene contains a novel TGFresponse element in its promoter region (9) and is thought to be a downstream mediator of the some of the effects of TGF(10). Several studies support this view (11– 14), but CTGF is also induced by a variety of other factors such as thrombin and VEGF (15,16). CTGF is thought to drive glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal diseases (4). CTGF levels are elevated in different renal fibrotic disorders where excessive extracellular matrix formation is observed (11,17–19) and the growth factor induces matrix protein synthesis in mesangial cells in vitro (5,6,11,19). One of the key extracellular matrix proteins secreted by human mesangial cells (HMC) is fibronectin. Levels of fibronectin are elevated in DN (20), and fibronectin secretion by HMC is increased when cultured under high glucose conditions (21–23). Fibronectin is assembled into an insoluble matrix outside the cell, and distinct regions of the molecule are required for matrix assembly (24). One of the most important regions in the fibronectin monomer for this is the cell-binding domain that incorporates the ninth and tenth type III repeats, which contain the synergy sites and RGD integrin-binding consensus respectively (24). The predominant integrin receptor that binds fibronectin and is intimately involved in matrix assembly is the 5 1 heterodimer. The importance of this receptor for fibronectin matrix assembly has been shown previously using monoclonal antibodies to block its function (25,26). Levels of the 5 1 fibronectin receptor correlate directly with the degree of fibronectin matrix accumulation in renal disease (27,28), and it is known that the profibrotic factor Received August 9, 2002. Accepted November 13, 2002. Correspondence to Dr. Roger M. Mason, Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Phone: 44-20-7594-43019; Fax: 44-20-7594-3015; E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


The design of LED planting system adopts artificial lighting to realize the changes of the light intensity of simulating sunlight in plant lighting, which is used to analyze the influence of light intensity on plant growth form, and design planting experiments. The results show that the system can improve the product quality of experimental crops, and the optical control strategy is feasible.


Using speckle-interferometry we have carried out repeated measurements of relative positions for the components of 34 T Tauri binary systems. The projected separation of these components is low enough that orbital motion is expected to be observable within a few years. In most cases orbital motion has indeed been detected. The observational data is discussed in a manner similar to Ghez et al. (1995). However, we extend their study to a larger number of objects and a much longer timespan. The database presented in this paper is valuable for future visual orbit determinations. It will yield empirical masses for T Tauri stars that now are only poorly known. The available data is however not sucient to do this at the present time. Instead, we use short series of orbital data and statistical distributions of orbital parameters to derive an average system mass that is independent of theoretical assumptions about the physics of PMS stars. For our sample this mass is 2:0 M and thus in the order of magnitude one expects for the mass sum of two T Tauri stars. It is also comparable to mass estimates obtained for the same systems using theoretical PMS evolutionary models.


In the present paper, classification and severity level estimation are carried out based on speech applying various speech tasks in order to help developing a method to diagnose the disease in an early stage. A database is introduced, which contains speech samples uttered by Hungarian Parkinson patients and healthy control population. Classification and regression models are built using various machine-learning methods for all speech tasks separately. Additional to the separate decisions for all speech tasks, a joint decision was made for each speaker. The final prediction was obtained by fusing the separate estimations for each speaker. Test trials were run in order to investigate, if age is a relevant feature for the machine learning tasks. The best results were obtained using support vector machine with 89.3% accuracy for binary classification. With regression, the method achieved 0.787 Spearman correlation for Parkinson severity level estimation measured on Hoehn-Yahr scale. Performance measures slightly varied according to gender differences. The investigated features seem to be useful and relevant for the automatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on the classification and regression performances.


In order to collect and manage network resources for EC curriculum teaching,while collecting experimental corpus for text clustering research,Struts framework, Java language and MySQL database is used to design the management information platform for EC Network resources. The platform realizes the Web pages parsing,web pages content extraction, web pages keywords extraction,resources retrieval,resources download and comments. This system meets the actual need of curriculum teaching and text mining research,with concise and practical functions,friendly interface and stable operation.


Tests were conducted with continuous glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites that had different types of fiber reinforcements. Composites reinforced with either unidirectional, triaxial or random fibers were tested. The tensile and compressive strengths and moduli, the Iosipescu shear moduli, the short beam shear strengths, the mode I critical strain energy release rates, and the damage introduced by impact were measured. The results demonstrate the influence of fiber form on these properties and provide design guides for the use of different fiber forms.


Si/SiO_2 superlattice is a new Si based nanostructure and has an extensive application potential. Using the deposition technology,such as thermally reactive evaporation,and molecular beam epitaxy,this structure is formed by means of alternatively depositing Si and SiO_2 on substrate and then annealing.The formation of nanocrystal Si in Si/SiO_2 superlattice is influenced by many factors,such as the substrate temperature,substrate material,Si layer thickness,and annealing treatment.In the article these factors are analyzed in detail.


ABSTRACT To the Editor:— I would like to make a correction to the statement that appeared in the Question and Answers section of The Journal, regarding Alopecia of Eyebrows ( 179:994 [March 24] 1962).Syphilis should be included among the diseases causing Alopecia Areata of the eyebrows, even though this disease is much less frequent today than in the days of Fournier. The French syphilologist described the partial loss of eyebrows due to syphilis as the classic Sign of the Omnibus (public conveyance) where one could make a diagnosis of the disease merely by observing the passengers.


Making phase and group delay response measurements on mixers and frequency converters has traditionally been a difficult and complicated process, requiring either modulated-signals (and demodulation), two-tone signals (a special form of modulation) or a system with a reference or reconverting mixer and a calibration or "golden" mixer. This paper presents a method to measure the phase response of a mixer on a VNA calibrating the input and output phase response independently, computing the transfer response directly using a phase reference, and is traceable to national standards. This method, for the first time, eliminates the need for any other mixer, reference or calibration, in the test system.


This paper proposes two kinds of clock acquisition algorithms for the wavelet-based OFDM system based on the characteristics of correlation of wavelet function and scaling function by using a new improved S-curve. The algorithms utilize the redundancy of wavelet transform to locate the peak points of the correlation function and then estimate the symbols' clock. Simulation results show that the algorithm based on wavelet function converges faster and based on scaling function behaves more stable. The approaches successfully acquire the correct timing point in AWGN channel.


Literature on celebrity endorsements indicates that communications effects are improved when there is a fit, or match-up, between the endorser and the brand. This notion should be particularly relevant to new brands. For established brands, on the other hand, it might actually be more beneficial to select a celebrity endorser with a less than perfect match with the brand. Building on schema congruity theory, this article suggests that selecting a brand-incongruent endorser improves communication effects. Results show that brand-incongruent celebrity endorsers generate longer ad viewing times, higher brand attitudes and brand interest, higher purchase intentions, and more positive word-of-mouth communication.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between anemia and vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age in Pernambuco, a state in the Brazilian Northeast. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted making a secondary database analysis of"The Third State Survey on Health and Nutrition" done from May to September 2006. Data were collected from 761 women of childbearing age (10-49 years). RESULTS: The simultaneous occurrence of the two deficiencies was found in only seven women (0.9%). The prevalence of anemia was of 15.1%, and of vitamin A deficiency, 8.2%. There was no association between the two conditions (p=0.380), although a positive correlation was found between retinol levels and hemoglobin concentration (r=0.13). CONCLUSION: Anemia and vitamin A deficiency did not coexist. Anemia was considered a mild public health problem, while vitamin A deficiency was not considered an epidemiological problem.


This paper compares the effects of government consumption and government debt on economic growth by using data from 83 countries, including both developed and developing markets, over the period between 1960 and 2014. Linear regressions reveal that the negative effects of government consumption are relatively higher than the negative effects of government debt. A nonlinear investigation further suggests that the restrictions on government expenditure to prevent negative growth are shown to be more important for countries with lower trade openness, lower inflation, or higher financial depth, whereas the restrictions on government debt are shown to be more important for countries with higher trade openness, lower inflation or higher financial depth.


This paper explores how uncertainty reduction due to increased forecasting accuracy, which is one of main benefits associated with the adoption of Business Intelligence (BI) systems, will affect the behavior of knowledge workers and how this change in their behavior will impact the appropriation of benefits from BI investments. The study uses a micro-economic model in order to show that higher forecasting accuracy is likely to create the conditions for knowledge workers to behave in a morally hazardous fashion. The result of this opportunistic behavior is that knowledge workers can appropriate for themselves a relatively larger portion of the firm's rents from BI investments that should accrue to firm and ultimately to external stakeholders. Studies that measure the payoffs from IT investments that enable more accurate forecasts, such as BI, are likely to underestimate the total benefits by the portion that knowledge workers will appropriate for themselves through their opportunistic behavior.


has been noted not to derogate from Brunt's excellent paper, but to show that Crawford's denial that there is adequate literary evidence for Marius' supporting Italian enfranchisement is not nearly as valid as he thinks it is. Furthermore, one must take into consideration the actions of the Marian censors in 97,11 the support Marius received from the Italians when he returned from exile,12 and the enthusiasm Herophilus was able to arouse by playing on Marius' name.13 It is difficult to believe that the Italians supported Marius and his putative descendant simply because Marius had supported Sulpicius. As for the close connection between Saturninus' coins and the Piso-Caepio issue, one might say that they are close but that there is no compelling reason arbitrarily to conjoin them. But they are not as close as Crawford's comments seem to imply. The Saturninus coins first appear in Find XIII, the Piso-Caepio in Find XV.14 K. Pink does not agree with Crawford's contention that it is impossible to separate the issues, for Pink accepts Sydenham's dating of the Piso-Caepio coins to ca. 95 and retains an earlier date for the Saturninus coins.15 Crawford is probably


Do you really need a high speed network? backbones (impact of HTML) server farms closer to home (effects of Java) wide area (traffic patterns, wide area versus local) recalculating costs FDDI (technical specifications) 100 VG-anyLAN 100 Base-T Fibre channel IsoEthernet ISDN SMDS frame relay ATM building an HTML-based network management systems for high-speed networks speed kills -project management tips. Appendices: OSI model standards and standard's organisations technology - associates.


tore, was usually a slim and compact volume. The main points treated were the necessity of Christ's passion and death, their effects for humankind and the way in which they caused them (satisfaction, atonement, merit) and, possibly, something on Christ's enthronement at the right hand of the Father. Questions relating to the Incarnation were discussed in a different treatise. A glance at the 3a Pars of Aquinas' Summa Theologiae will show that much was omitted which might well have been included. For example, he devotes whole quaestiones to the principal mysteries of Jesus's life as well as to his burial and descent into hell. But there were more serious omissions also, as well as not a few misleading presuppositions and positions. It is these which provide the launchingpad for the pages which follow. What was the role of the Trinity in our redemption? The manualists showed little awareness of the question. For Paul, however, &dquo;God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself (2 Cor 5:19). Did Jesus' witness to the truth contribute in any way to redeeming us? It is implicit throughout the Dei Verbum of Vatican II, and occasionally quite explicit, that revelation was salvific or redemptive. The idea seems to have escaped the manualists even though it made up the bulk of Aquinas' prologue to his 3a Pars. Finally, there is the question of our free acceptance of redemption. From one point of view the answer to it belongs to wherever the interplay between grace and free will is discussed. But from another, and possibly more fundamental point of view, it belongs to the theology of redemption since, if it is to be accepted freely, redemption must have been tailored to the measure of our freedom.


This descriptive study attempted to identify the extent to which the global competency levels of overseas volunteers affected their psychological well-being. The data were collected through an online...


OBJECTIVE
To study the reverse effect and its mechanism of tetrandrine (Tet) on human breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen (MCF-7/TAM).

METHODS
The drug toxicity and the reverse effect of Tet on MCF-7/TAM cells were detected by MTT assay. The effects of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) gene of Tet on MCF-7iTAM cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The changes of MRP1 protein on MCF-7JTAM cells were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS
Tet had a significant reversal of drug resistance on MCF-7/TAM cells. The non-cytotoxic dose (0. 625 microg/mL) reversed the resistance by 2.0 folds. MRP1 was reduced at gene (P <0.05) and protein levels when Tet effected on MCF-7ITAM cells.

CONCLUSION
Tet could reverse the drug resistance of MCF-7/TAM cells, and the reverse mechanism may be related to down-regulating MRP1 expression.


Fusion welding has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry field.1) The morphology of the solidification structure in the molten pool controls the ultimate mechanical properties of the weld.2) The columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) in the weld produce the continuous equiaxed grain zone in the weld as shown in Fig. 1,3) which can obviously refine the grain and improve the mechanical properties of the weld. Therefore, in order to obtain the finer equiaxed grain structure and the better mechanical properties of the weld, the study on the CET phenomenon during welding should be performed to provide the useful information for the welding parameter optimization. The various grain structure morphologies in the weld is directly determined by the competitive growth of microstructures with different preferential orientations in the molten pool. The welding parameters exert an important influence on the grain structure evolution through changing the solidification conditions. As a result, to better understand the CET process during welding, it is necessary to investigate the competitive growth of microstructures in the molten pool. However, owing to the complicated welding process, it is difficult to observe the highly dynamic solidification behavior. With the development of the numerical technique, the solidification structure morphology in the molten pool could be simulated directly by the Phase field (PF) and the cellular automata (CA) methods. Pavlyk4) simulated the dendrite Multi-scale Simulation for the Columnar to Equiaxed Transition in the Weld Pool


This paper presents a method for generating service usage information for broadcasting services at the receiver side in 5G-broadcast converged networks. The study aims to establish a system for collecting and transmitting service usage information to optimize the transmission of broadcasting services in a 5G and broadcast converged network environment, providing data for network planning and optimization, and enhancing the viewing experience. The study concludes with the results of a test conducted to evaluate the proposed method for generating service usage information.


This study aimed to determine estimates of yogurt consumption, nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI) in U.S. women using the Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition Dietary Intake Study. Fourteen‐day (14‐d) diet records from a nationally representative sample of women 20+ years (n=2883) were collected over a 2‐year period. Yogurt consumption was determined over the 14‐d period, and participants were classified into intake categories for descriptive purposes: 0 servings, 1‐2 servings, 蠅3 servings. BMI was calculated from self‐reported height and weight. Data were analyzed using regression models adjusting for age, energy, calcium, vitamin D and fiber intake. Over 60% of women reported consuming no yogurt over the 14‐d period, with 19.3% consuming 蠅3 servings. Non‐yogurt eaters had significant lower intakes of protein, calcium, potassium and vitamin D compared to women who consumed yogurt (p<0.001). Furthermore, women who consumed yogurt were more likely to meet daily recommendations for calcium intake (p<0.001). Women who consumed at least one serving of yogurt had a significantly lower BMI compared to those consuming no yogurt over the 14‐d period (p=0.001). In addition, more frequent yogurt consumption (蠅3 servings/14‐d) was associated with a significantly lower incidence of overweight/obesity (p<0.05). These data suggest that regular consumption of yogurt may play a role in helping adult women maintain a healthier body weight and can contribute to more favorable nutrient intakes.


At 1900 hours Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) on 24 March 1999, cruise missiles and aircraft under the control of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) commenced attacks against the Former Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). These opening strikes would lead to the alliance's first conflict since its inception in 1949. Known as Operation Allied Force, NATO's commitment to the campaign would initially comprise an air order of battle limited to 112 U.S. aircraft and 102 allied aircraft from twelve alliance countries. These aircraft would participate in the first inter-state conflict in Europe since the end of the Second World War, and the subsequent air campaign would generate considerable controversy concerning NATO's strategy and the coercive application of air power.


e15040 Background: NTRK fusions are actionable genomic alterations detected across tumor types. NTRK gene fusions involving either NTRK1, NTRK2 or NTRK3 (encoding the neurotrophin receptors TRKA, TRKB and TRKC, respectively) are oncogenic drivers of various adult and paediatric tumour types. Here, we update the detection of NTRK gene fusions across tumor types and further describe fusion partner characteristics among Chinese patients. Methods: Samples submitted for clinical molecular profiling were retrospectively analyzed for NTRK fusion events. Method for identifying NTRK fusions was DNA-based next-generation sequencing that tumour DNA is extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. All NTRK fusion partners were identified for intact functional domains, domain prediction, breakpoints, frame retention and co-occurring alterations. Results: A total of 64 NTRK fusion events (0.26% of 24,451) were identified. NTRK fusions are characteristic in a few rare types of cancer, such as melanoma, glioma and carcinomas of the thyroid, lung and colon, but they are also infrequently seen in some uncommon cancers, such as secretory carcinoma of the breast or salivary gland and infantile fibrosarcoma. Among the fusions, NTRK1 (0.08% of 24,430), NTRK2 (0.02% of 24,445), NTRK3 (0.15% of 24,414) were identified. Twenty-six unique fusion partners were identified, the most common in NTRK1 fusion being TPM3 (23.8%), NTRK2 fusion being AGTPBP1 (33.3%), and NTRK3 fusion being TFG (13.5%). Almost 53.8 % (14 of 26) of all fusion events are expected to include the transmembrane domain contributed by the NTRK fusion partner. The most commonly identified breakpoints occur in exon 14 and exon 17 and in exon 15 and exon 20, in NTRK1, NTRK3, respectively. Conclusions: NTRK fusion products are diverse across tumor types, but the significance of these variations is not clear. The biological and clinical implications of retaining certain domains of NTRK and of fusion partners warrants further investigation.


The purpose of this thesis was to investigate various conditional volatility models commonly used in forecasting financial risk within the field of Financial Econometrics. The GARCH, the GJR-GARCH ...


The energies and temperature coefficients of the first ultra-violet absorption maxima for iodides in solvents of low polarity are interpreted in terms of ionic association. The band-energies correlate well with the Z-values of the solvents, except for carbon tetrachloride. Variation of the spectra with iodide concentration allows in one instance evaluation of the dissociation constant for the ion-pair. Competition experiments using added perchlorates lead to the determination of relative affinities of certain univalent cations for iodide.


This paper proposes a 'secure node' to be robust against network-based DoS attacks. The secure node selectively accepts new sessions based on the Zipf's law while a link is in the overload state. Our scheme calculates a threshold value for overload state, and provides a dynamic service mechanism for enhancing availability of a web server. The simulation results show performance improvement of the proposed scheme in terms of completion/connection ratios.


This paper presents the fabrication details and on-field experimental studies of two novel solar cookers, suitable for cooking requirements of small families; these are named as small family solar cookers (SFSC-1 and SFSC-2). Small size, good thermal performance, light weight, low-cost and short payback periods are some important features of these cookers. The values of some essential thermal performance parameters, first figure of merit (F1), second figure of merit (F2) and standard cooking power suggested by Bureau of Indian Standards and International Standard for box-type solar cookers, have been evaluated by experimental studies and found to be 0.116°C m2/W, 0.466, 30 W and 0.118°C m2/W, 0.488, 50 W for SFSC-1 and SFSC-2, respectively. A comparative analysis of the thermal performances of SFSCs with the solar cookers, developed by many authors, has also been presented here. The payback periods with respect to different cooking fuels for SFSCs have been found to be reasonably short.


By analyzing the situations of the general situation,specific tasks,restrictions of airship ground NW(Light)respectively,a mathematical model of the relationship between designing-volume and portable fuel is attempted to be built in consideration of troposphere blimp by the dynamic balance.Meanwhile the method of simulating-curves intersection is used to estimate interval designing-volume which is the basis of the design target.


ABS TRACT Objective: A strong link between psoriasis and obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome has been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methotrexate (MTX), a conventional antipsoriatic agent, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) on insulin resistance in pa- tients with psoriasis. Material and Methods: Thirty-one patients with psoriasis treated with MTX and TNFi were prospectively evaluated. Se- venteen patients received MTX, while 14 received the TNFi treatment. At the baseline and at week 12 values of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid parameters were evaluated. Results: The decrease in CRP le- vels after the treatment was significantly higher in the TNFi group than in the MTX group (-1.76 vs. -0.1, p = 0.005; respectively). The levels of serum glucose showed increases in both therapy groups, which was statistically significant in only TNFi group (p = 0.012). Although it was not statistically significant, increases in the HOMA-IR values were noted in MTX and TNFi therapy groups (0.26 ± 1.77 vs. 0.59±1.81, p = 0.558, p = 249; respectively). Conclusion: In the present study, a significant increase in the levels of fasting serum glucose was observed in TNFi group, and an increase in HOMA-IR values was noted in both therapy groups, which is not consistent with the literature. Despite the short follow-up pe- riod and small sample size, we believe that the effects of the TNFi and MTX demand caution for the follow-up of psoriasis, which is already an insulin-resistant condition.


Giggle incontinence is a distinct entity of childhood daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), where children wet themselves only when they laugh. The prevalence of true giggle incontinence is unknown, with confusion about the diagnosis of urinary incontinence occurring during laughter and true giggle incontinence. The aim of the study is to improve our understanding of urinary incontinence during laughter by comparing those children with children who have DUI at other times, but not with laughter.


Learning is enhanced and retention improves when the educational material is relevant, engaging and includes interaction. Building on the increasing capacity of the online environment, we have developed a series of 20 interactive medical cases. These interactive cases present clinical cases that are diagnostic puzzles, designed to let the reader determine the diagnostic and treatment plans. The format recapitulates a clinical encounter by presenting the patient's history with evolving results of the physical examination and laboratory and radiographic tests. Each case presents clinical problems that reinforce the process of thoughtful clinical decision making and illustrates the links between pathophysiology and both diagnostic testing and therapeutics. Multiple-choice questions require reflective analysis of the data, and address both differential diagnosis and management. Immediate feedback is provided to indicate why the selected response is optimal or is likely to be unhelpful. Scoring allows users to gauge their relative performance in comparison to their peers. Videos and interactive graphics are used to help the user understand the mechanistic underpinnings of the disease process and to reinforce critical thinking. We will illustrate some of the cases and share survey and usage data from more than 250,000 utilizations that reflect the reaction of the international medical community to this unique learning tool. http://www.nejm.org/multimedia/interactive-medical-case []


Teaching Reform and Practice of Market Research Course under the Guidance of "Promoting Teaching by Competition and Promoting Learning by Competition" Mixue Lu School of Information Management and Statistics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China Abstract Market Research is the core course of students majoring in statistics, and it is also an important course to cultivate the innovative practical ability of applied talents. Under the guidance of the concept of "promoting teaching by competition and promoting learning by competition", the national college students' market research and analysis contest and the Market Research course are organically combined. Through adding the appreciation of the excellent works of the contest in the theory teaching, developing the group project system practice teaching with the competition as the guide, opening up the online course and setting up the special chapter of the contest, introducing the competition scoring mechanism, establishing the examination mode of the fusion process examination and the result examination. These concrete measures have carried on the teaching reform and the practice to the Market Research course, and obtained the good teaching effect, in order to provide the reference for the related curriculum teaching reform.


A simplified structural analysis model for mat foundations with grid floor beams as stiffeners is presented here. In the model, the Winkler type of subgrade reaction spring is assumed for the whole area under the mat foundation, and the yield-line theory of slab is used to lump the Winkler springs under slabs to the corresponding locations under the adjacent floor beams of the slabs. Therefore, each floor beam is now supported by springs with a segmentally linearly varied spring constant. The total analysis model for the mat foundation is then simplified to be a grid beam system on an elastic foundation with a segmentally linearly varied spring constant, and is subjected to loadings from the columns of the building structure. Some numerical comparisons with the results by a sophisticated finite-element model are made in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented analysis model.


Abstract Some samples of the vanadium-titanium oxide catalyst, obtained both by a laser-induced process (pure TiO2 and Ti1−xVxO2) and by chemical impregnation of TiO2 with V2O5 have been investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in different conditions: as cast and calcined for different times. Particle size distributions have been obtained using a computer code originally developed for SANS. The obtained results are in good agreement and they also agree with previously reported data on similar compounds, based on a Fourier analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern. The transmission electron microscopy results on the same compounds are also discussed, in comparison to SAXS and SANS.


There are five widely used kernel-driven models in the thermal infrared domain designed for the angular correction of land surface temperature (LST), including three-parameter Roujean Lagouarde (RL), Vinnikov, RossThick-LiSparseR (Ross–Li), LiStrahlerFriedl-LiDenseR (LSF-Li), and four-parameter Vinnikov-RoujeanLagouarde (Vinnikov-RL). Their fitting accuracies with hundreds of observation angles (i.e., sufficient angle) were studied; however, the fitting ability of these five models with limited observation angles is unknown, which makes it difficult to choose the appropriate one in applications. To solve this problem, 30 600 groups of multiangle directional brightness temperature (DBT) datasets were simulated by the unified optical-thermal 4-stream model considering scattering by arbitrary inclined leaves (4SAIL) model considering ten different leaf area index values, three leaf inclination distribution functions, two hotspot factors, 17 different component temperatures, five solar zenith angles, and six solar azimuth angles. Each group contains DBT values in 21 960 viewing directions [i.e., 61 viewing zenith angle (VZA) $\times $ 360 viewing azimuth angle (VAA)]. We assume that all limited observations are in the plane with VAA = 180°/0° and VZA changing from −60° to 60° with a step of 10°. There are 13 candidate angles to be selected. Five, seven, nine, and 11 angle sampling schemes include 225, 400, 225, and 36 limited multiangle combinations, respectively. Each combination was used to drive these five kernel-driven models to fit 21 960 DBTs for 30 600 groups of 4SAIL simulations. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of each combination and mean RMSE of all 886 combinations were used to assess the overall fitting ability of five kernel-driven models. In addition, 1 k errors were added to the driven DBTs to evaluate the models' robustness. Four groups of airborne measured DBTs were adopted to validate the assessment conclusions. Results show that the recommended order of these five models driven by 5–11 multiangle DBTs is Vinnikov-RL, LSF-Li, Vinnikov, Ross–Li, and RL when the driven DBTs do not contain errors; Vinnikov-RL, Vinnikov, LSF-Li, Ross–Li, and RL when the driven DBTs contain 1k errors; and Vinnikov-RL, LSF-Li, Ross–Li, RL, and Vinnikov for four groups of airborne measured datasets.


Experimental observations of nonlinear interactions in photo-conducting CdS are reported for oppositely travelling 17 MHz surface acoustic waves. The results for acoustic convolution and 2nd-harmonic generation indicate that the piezoelectric electron-phonon interaction may have important application to nonlinear signal-processing techniques employing surface waves.


"Very man""very woman""very fair maiden""very gentleman""very China""very sunlight""very youth",such combination becomes one kind of language fad gradually in people's daily life social intercourse association,the more and more many people uses it and gives the attention having imitated,arousing at the same time also commonness in connection with the expert.That"the name constitutes a form very much+"is selfs one kind of mutant phenomenon of language,its creation developing but coming into being with inside Qt development of society and language age ftmction possibility and certainty,be that the various synthetical result ofobjective factor ofhost,moreover prospect is vast.This one mutant language phenomenon carries outthe main body of a book fight away tracing to the course,discusses that with regard t0 whose current situation,cause,language function,defects,the restrictive factor constituting the middle noun andt heirprospect development.


A technique is presented for formulating the logic/fault simulation of VLSI array logic in terms of standard vector and matrix operation primitives that are well supported on all scientific supercomputers, high-end mainframes, and minisupercomputers that provide vector parallel hardware and software. The overall computing environment is assumed to be a scientific/engineering one, with Fortran as the primary coding medium and the hardware biased toward numerically intensive applications. >


P61-3 Era of Hope, Department of Defense, Breast Cancer Research Program Meeting, June 8-11, 2005 Alterations in platelet activating factor synthesis by n-3 fatty acids Larry W. Daniel*, Mary Kearns*, John S. Owen*, Rhonda Wooten*, LeAnn Rogers#, Joseph T. O'Flaherty# and Robert L. Wykle* Departments of Biochemistry* and Medicine# Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Breast cancer incidence is reduced in women who consume increased amounts of n-3 fatty acids (versus n-6 fatty acids) and this observation has led to the suggestion that these fatty acids are useful dietary supplements to prevent breast cancer and reduce its recurrence. Since both the n-3 and n-6 are essential fatty acids their relative levels in tissues are totally controlled by diet. The membranes of mammalian cells are composed of an array of phospholipid species that are now recognized to function as a diverse source of lipid mediators. These mediators function as both intercellular and intracellular signals and are key components of signaling cascades. The levels of ether-linked phospholipids vary greatly among cells; but, in a number of cells they are known to serve as an important reservoir of arachidonic acid (AA) and as a precursor of platelet activating factor (PAF), one of the most active mediators known. AA, an n-6 fatty acid, is the major precursor for prostaglandins and leukotrienes in people consuming a typical "Western diet". However, when the diet is enriched in n-3 fatty acids the synthesis of lipid mediators is markedly altered. When the diet is rich in n-3 fatty acids the levels of AA in the ether-linked lipids is reduced. We recently completed an analysis of the subclass composition of the choline-containing phosphoglycerides (PC) of four human breast tumor cell lines and found that the two cell lines that are not metastatic in nude mice, MCF-7 and T47D, contain only traces (0.1 to 1.5 mol%) of alkyl-PC. In contrast the highly metastatic cell lines, MDA 231 and MDA 435, contain 22 and 13 mol% respectively of the alkyl subclass in PC. Primary breast tumors had a higher ether-linked lipid content than the surrounding normal tissues. However, it was unknown if the increased ether lipids were a proximal cause of transformation or a result of altered metabolism secondary to transformation. To address this question, we transfected the


Between December 1999 and January 2000 the Population Council conducted a situation analysis of public sector reproductive health (RH) services in seven provinces of Viet Nam. A total of 424 health facilities were visited and 1453 provider-client interactions with clients obtaining RH services were observed. Field researchers also interviewed the providers conducted an inventory of the facilities and interviewed 1280 clients after they received services. Results show a general readiness to deliver a variety of basic RH services to women. However there seemed to be significant problems in the quality of the care delivered by providers and received by clients. According to the interpretation of the researchers the most serious problems include the counseling of clients in all RH services the technical competence of providers and the delivery of services related to reproductive tract infections sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Several recommendations based on the findings are cited.


A SEMINAR on Cancer, organized by the Postgraduate Committee in Medicine in the University of Sydney, was held on May 29, 1971, In the Lecture Theatre of the Postgraduate Committee, 25 Lucas Street, Camperdown, under the chairmanship of DR R. P. MELVILLE, Supervisor of Professional Cancer Education of the Postgraduate Committee. The seminar was supported by a grant from the New South Wales State Cancer Council. The participants were as follows: Dr J. Donovan, Radiotherapist, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Dr A. Freedman, Honorary Physician, Special Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, and Consultant, Tumour Study Chemotherapy Group, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children; Dr T. J. Hanks, Director, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney; Dr H. Kramer, Director, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Lidcombe; Dr B. W. McEwen, Consulting Radiotherapist, Prince Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals, Honorary Radiotherapist, Lewisham Hospital and Honorary Assistant Radiotherapist, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Dr J. Morris, Staff Specialist, Nuclear Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Dr Dermer E. Smith, Pathologist, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney; Associate Professor F. O. Stephens, Department of Surgery, University of Sydney; Dr W. C. Woods, Director, Radiotherapy Department, The Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney. Abstracts of the papers presented are as follows.


Damage‐free encapsulation of molecular structures with functional nanolayers is crucial to protect nanodevices from environmental exposure. With nanoscale electronic, optoelectronic, photonic, sensing, and other nanodevices based on atomically thin and fragile organic matter shrinking in size, it becomes increasingly challenging to develop nanoencapsulation that is simultaneously conformal at atomic scale and does not damage fragile molecular networks, while delivering added device functionality. This work presents an effective, plasma‐enabled, potentially universal approach to produce highly conformal multifunctional organic films to encapsulate atomically thin graphene layers and metalorganic nanowires, without affecting their molecular structure and atomic bonding. Deposition of adamantane precursor and gentle remote plasma chemical vapor deposition are synergized to assemble molecular fragments and cage‐like building blocks and completely encapsulate not only the molecular structures, but also the growth substrates and device elements upon nanowire integration. The films are insulating, transparent, and conformal at sub‐nanometer scale even on near‐tip high‐curvature areas of high‐aspect‐ratio nanowires. The encapsulated structures are multifunctional and provide effective electric isolation, chemical and environmental protection, and transparency in the near‐UV–visible–near‐infrared range. This single‐step, solvent‐free remote‐plasma approach preserves and guides molecular building blocks thus opening new avenues for precise, atomically conformal nanofabrication of fragile nanoscale matter with multiple functionalities.


The prevalence of ulcerative colitis has been increased annually in China.Multiple determinants induce the occurrence and development of this disease.Among these factors,mental-psychological disorders play an important role.It is necessary for us to know the mental-psychological impact on the patients with ulcerative colitis.Recognition and intervention of mental-psychological disorders in these patients may relieve the progression of disease and improve the quality of life.This review focuses on the relationship between mental-psychological factors and ulcerative colitis.


This doctoral dissertation examines the inter-subjective processes through which young children are shaped and shape others into persons (hun), as they learn to
interact through the Mongolian mode of hierarchical relations. Based on twenty
months of ethnographic fieldwork in the middle Gobi, the research focuses on the
period when children (between two and eight years of age) lose their status as
indulged and protected babies and learn to assume the role of older brother/sister
(ah/egj) and younger sibling (duu). To investigate how children become
competent at interacting through the Mongolian mode of hierarchical relations, the
study considers three questions: how do children learn to enact etiquette (yos)?
How do children develop relations within and outside of their family (ger bul) and
family network (ah duu)? How do children learn to work and to become helpful?
The research reveals that Mongolian social hierarchy is structurally produced by,
and is the product of, an irreconcilable moral tension. On the one hand, children
learn to form relations of interdependence and to actively take part in the
production of asymmetrical but mutual obligations. On the other hand, children
learn to use etiquette to establish relations at the safe distance of respect, and to
develop social and emotional skills to protect themselves from the potential
dangers of relatedness. By documenting the processes through which children
learn to form relations as ah/egj and duu, this study uncovers the social
mechanisms which sustain the re-production of Mongolian social hierarchy and
the individual skills necessary to be a socially and morally competent Mongolian
person. More generally, the dissertation contributes to the anthropological study
of personhood by rethinking 'the cultural construction of the person' as an ongoing process of learning.


The range of themes and rationales for the understanding of the roles of boards of directors (BoDs), as discussed in the corporate governance literature, is investigated in this paper. A comprehensive survey of the literature indicates that the roles of BoDs are not well articulated, specified or even well known. Much of the literature is prescriptive. Three main roles are identified; strategy, control and service. These roles often overlap and are in some cases contradictory. This may be due to a lack of empirical research, contextual understanding and conflicting theoretical perspectives. The literature highlights the need for further empirical research, drawn from real world experiences, to understand which parts of this literature sheds light on the actual roles of BoDs.


Using a representative set of 10 of the worst invasive species in Europe, this study investigates the relative importance of climatic, habitat and socio-economic factors in driving the occurrence of invasive species. According to the regression models performed, these factors can be interpreted as multi-scale filters that determine the occurrence of invasive species, with human degradation potentially affecting the performance of the other two environmental filters. Amongst climate factors, minimum temperature of the coldest month was one of the most important drivers of the occurrence of Europe's worst freshwater and terrestrial invaders like the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), Bermuda buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon). Water chemistry (alkalinity, pH, nitrate) determines the availability of habitat and resources for species at regional to local levels and was relevant to explain the occurrence of aquatic and semi-aquatic invaders such as the brook trout (Salvalinus fontinallis) and Canada goose (Branta canadensis). Likewise, nitrate and cholorophyll-a concentration were important determinants of marine invaders like the bay barnacle (Balanus improvisus) and green sea fingers (Codium fragile). Most relevant socio-economic predictors included the density of roads, country gross domestic product (GDP), distance to ports and the degree of human influence on ecosystems. These variables were particularly relevant to explain the occurrence of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and coypu (Myocastor coypu), species usually associated to disturbed environments. The Japanese kelp (Undaria pinnatifida) was generally distributed much closer to ports than the other two marine organisms, although insufficient information on human impacts prevented a correct assessment of the three marine species. In conclusion, this study shows how socio-economic development is associated with the presence of the top 10 worst European invasive species at a continental scale, and relates this fact to the provision and transport of propagules and the degradation of natural habitats that favour the establishment of invasive species.


Some of the largest submarine canyons in the world incise the eastern Bering Sea shelf break. Here, we examine whether 5 large canyons (Bering, Pribilof, Zhemchug, Pervenets and Navarin) are faunally distinct features within the eastern Bering Sea. We compiled data from the eastern Bering Sea that included trawl survey data on fish and invertebrate distributions and observations of ocean conditions and benthic habitat. These data were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine if the canyons are distinguishable from the adjacent continental slope. We found that the 5 canyons are not faunally distinct features of the eastern Bering Sea slope but that the major characteristics structuring fish and invertebrate communities were depth, latitude and sediment rather than submarine canyons. One notable feature of these canyons is that about one quarter of the coral habitat predicted for the eastern Bering Sea slope occurs in Pribilof Canyon, an area that comprises only ~10% of the total slope area. The predicted coral habitat also extends westward to the adjacent slope, indicating that this coral habitat concentration is not unique to Pribilof Canyon but rather that it is typical for a larger area (Pribilof Canyon and westward).


Sentiment classification is not a new topic but data sources having different characteristics require customized methods to exploit the hidden existing semantic while minimizing the noise and irrelevant information. Twitter represents a huge pool of data having specific features. We propose therefore an unsupervised, domain-independent approach, for sentiment classification on Twitter. The proposed approach integrates NLP techniques, Word Sense Disambiguation and unsupervised rule-based classification. The method is able to differentiate between positive, negative, and objective (neutral) polarities for every word, given the context in which it occurs. Finally, the overall tweet polarity decision is taken by our proposed rule-based classifier. We performed a comparative evaluation of our method on four public datasets specialized for this task and the experimental results obtained are very good compared to other state-of-the-art methods, considering that our classifier does not use any training corpus.


The dichotomy seismic attribute extraction method for wedge-shaped strata was proposed in this paper. At first the times for the upper and lower reference layers were picked up,then the middle time value of the two times is regarded as the time for the attribute points,and then the time pick-up goes further in more detail in this way. Rationality and effectiveness of this method were explained in this paper,and the method was applied in reservoir prediction for the shallow-middle Qingshankou Formation in southern Songliao Basin,and the practicability and feasibility of the method were proven in this paper. Through analysis of sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation rule for the target formation in this area,favorite reservoir development areas were determined and drilling targets were proposed.


We studied the role of gastrin in regulating cholangiocyte proliferation induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). In purified cholangiocytes, we evaluated (1) for the presence of cholecystokinin‐B (CCK‐B)/gastrin receptors, (2) the effect of gastrin on d ‐myo‐Inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3) levels, and (3) the effect of gastrin on DNA synthesis and adenosine 3′, 5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the absence or presence of CCK‐A (L‐364,718) and CCK‐B/gastrin (L‐365,260) receptor inhibitors, 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)‐ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetxymethyl ester) (BAPTA/AM; an intracellular Ca2+ chelator), and 2 protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, 1‐(5‐Isoquinolinylsulfonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine (H7) and staurosporin. To evaluate if gastrin effects on cholangiocyte proliferation are mediated by the isoform PKCα, we evaluated (1) for the presence of PKCα in cholangiocytes and (2) the effect of gastrin on the PKCα protein expression in a triton‐soluble (containing cytoplasm + membrane) and a triton‐insoluble (containing cytoskeleton) fraction. To evaluate the effects of gastrin in vivo, immediately following BDL, gastrin or bovine serum albumin (BSA) was infused by minipumps for 7 days to rats and we measured cholangiocyte growth and cAMP levels. We found CCK‐B/gastrin receptors on cholangiocytes. Gastrin increased IP3 levels. Gastrin inhibited DNA synthesis and cAMP synthesis in cholangiocytes. Gastrin effects on cholangiocyte functions were blocked by L‐365,260, BAPTA/AM, H7, and staurosporin but not by L‐364,718. Gastrin induced translocation of PKCα from cholangiocyte cytoskeleton to membrane. In vivo, gastrin decreased cholangiocyte growth and cAMP synthesis compared with controls. We concluded that gastrin inhibits cholangiocyte growth in BDL rats by interacting with CCK‐B/gastrin receptors through a signal transduction pathway involving IP3, Ca2+, and PKCα.


Physical modeling sound synthesis methods are known to be on the one hand potentially interesting in term of sound richness and probability, but on the other hand expansive to develop and compute. This paper is dedicated to mass-interaction methods using explicit time. By studying theoretically a specific model, we define a new basic modelization toolkit using non-linear stiffness and we show how it is possible to reach a balance between computing speed and sound realism.


Four novel Zn-based homo- and hetero-metal organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn2(H2O)(mip)2]n (Zn-mip), [ZnMg(H2O)2(mip)2·3(H2O)]n (ZnMg-mip), [Zn3(OH)2(tbip)2]n (Zn-tbip) and [Zn2Ba(O)(H2O)2(tbip)2.5·(H2O)]n (ZnBa-tbip), have been hydrothermally synthesized by employing the single ligand 5-methyl isophthalic acid (H2mip) or 5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid (H2tbip). The structures of all the MOFs are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, DTA/TG analyses and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques. The results indicate that all the homo- and hetero-MOFs exhibit the 3D open frameworks with the unique Zn-based cluster second building units (SBUs). The influence of the coordination geometries of the hetero-metal centers on the structures of Zn-based mono-MOFs is realized through replacing the five (or four)-coordinated Zn atoms with the alkaline-earth metal ions. Moreover, compared with the free ligands, the photoluminescent properties of the Zn-mip, ZnMg-mip, Zn-tbip and ZnBa-tbip are also studied in the solid state at room temperature. The different emission bands of the homo- and hetero-MOFs demonstrate that the substituent effect of alkaline-earth metal ions plays a key role in directing the related photoluminescent properties of the Zn-based MOFs.