Nowadays, the increasing complexity of IT systems needs the formal verification and validation of the system already in the design phase especially in case of safety critical systems. Beside the requirement of functional correctness, requirements usually necessitate to build the optimal target system. For instance, a typical requirement is to find the optimal path respecting all numerical (e.g., timing or cost) and logical constraints that leads to a desirable system configuration. For this purpose, we need to combine reachability analysis with optimization. The main disadvantage of existing optimization languages and tools is that they cannot handle the dynamic behavior or the evolution of the system. In [1], Process Network Synthesis (PNS) algorithms are used to deliver a candidate optimal path in Petri net models. Since PNS algorithms cannot handle dynamic changes of the system state, the candidate optimal path is represented as the number of the individual transitions to be executed (called a transition vector) in order to reach a desired state from a given initial state while abstracting from the execution order of the individual transitions. Therefore, it requires further investigation whether there is an executable path from the given initial state having the specific transition vector. To calculate the executable path (the order of the transition executions), the model checking tool SPIN was used [2]. A recent version of SPIN allows the use of embedded C–code in Promela models (that is the input language of SPIN). In [3], optimal scheduling problems are solved by embedding Branch–and–Bound technique into Promela models using the new feature of SPIN. Based on this technique, a combined reachability analysis and optimization technique was elaborated for graph transformation systems with time in [4]. In the current paper, we present the solution of the optimal trajectory problem in Petri– based models ([1]) adapting the embedding Branch–and–Bound technique.


JEL Classification: E02; E31; O13; O43; P23. Asian countries contribute sixty percent of total world economic activity and also perform significant role in supporting the interconnected global economy. Therefore, growth of sectors in Asian economies such as agriculture, industry and services accounts major contribution in the global sectors growth. This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the relationship of agriculture, industry and services, institutional quality on economic volatility. The aim of this paper is to find the relationship between sectoral growth, economic growth and economic volatility for panel of Asian Economies This study contributes in the existing literature the association of quality of institutions with economic growth and the link of quality of institutions with economic volatility. For this purpose, study compiles a panel of 47 Asian economies with the time span of 1996-2016 and applied Fixed and Random effect model on selected countries. The paper's primary contribution is finding that that the growth of agricultural and industrial sector's increase the economic volatility and significant effect. However, the growth in agriculture and service sector have significant effect on the growth of Asian economy. The paper documents that the economic volatility depends on sectoral growth, institutions performance, trade openness and financial development. The agriculture and service sector growth of the Asian economies significant reduced economic volatility. To improve the growth of sectors; Skill formation in sectors, technological support, financing through advance methods are required.


During the ordinary process of operations, telecom operators require the system to provide lots of statistical reports. As the complexity of business, the need of flexibility and Diversity of reports is increased. It's important to develop the reports contains function of data linkage.


An E-mail telemarketing service system and a method thereof are provided to talk business bidirectionally about a goods based on an advertisement e-mail about the goods. A customer database including the e-mail address of client, and the telephone number and information of concern field is build(S301). E-mail including telephone connecting button is prepared(S302), and it is send to a client(S303). If the client clicks the call connection button, a message window for receiving the clients phone number is opened(S305). The client inputted phone number is send to the bidirectional phone calling system to request a phone call. The system makes two phone calls to a telemarketer, and the clients and connects the calls(S307).


Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hips affects half of sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients and can rapidly lead to total collapse of the hip. Treatment with supportive therapy alone is unsuccessful and results in half of all patients requiring hip surgery within 2 years of diagnosis. Prognosis in advanced cases is dismal, with surgery eventually required in all patients. Alternative therapies including aggressive physical therapy (PT) and hip coring decompression (HCD) may improve the natural history of AVN but neither have been evaluated prospectively in SCD. The goal of the prospective randomized National AVN Trial in SCA is to evaluate the safety of HCD and PT for AVN. 46 patients were randomized to have either HCD of their study hip followed by 6 weeks of an aggressive PT protocol, or to undergo only the PT protocol. Both treatment arms are balanced for Ficat stage and patient age. Outcome measures include clinical improvement as measured by the Children's Hospital Oakland Hip Evaluation Scale (CHOHES), a 100 point validated scale that assesses hip function and pain associated with AVN in SCA. Additional measures include X-ray progression and the need for surgical intervention. This report presents hip survival rates in 39 study patients: 17 patients underwent HCD and 22 were treated in the PT arm. Average patient age was 26 (range 10 to 50). 67% had bilateral disease. The average follow-up is currently 40 months. In the survival graph, treatment failure was defined as additional hip surgery. 4 of the 39 study hips (10%) were treatment failures: 1/9 (11%) of Stage I, 3/19 (16%) of Stage II, and 0/11 (0%) of Stage III hips. In addition to a low treatment failure rate, hips in each Ficat stage show evidence of clinical improvement. CHOHES scores improved 17 points at 1 year and 22 points at 2 years; even Stage III shows a 20 point improvement at 1 year and 21 points at 2 years. Our data indicates that both HCD and aggressive PT are beneficial in the treatment of AVN in SCA. PT may be effective in the treatment of even fairly advanced Stage III AVN. The AVN Trial in SCA is ongoing; patients will be followed for 3 to 5 years, and a comparison of HCD to aggressive PT will be made upon completion.


The basic points of professional education are its essence and property , its status , the relationship between professional education and man and that between professional education and society. Its essence is to train applied skill talents. Thus skill -oriented profession is the property. Professional education is irreplaceable in the education system, which can promote the social economic development. Profession, technology and education are three factors of professional education.


We study the interaction between electron and acoustic phonons in a Rashba spin–orbit coupled two-dimensional electron gas using Boltzmann transport theory. Both the deformation potential and piezoelectric scattering mechanisms are considered in the Bloch–Grüneisen (BG) regime as well as in the equipartition (EP) regime. The effect of the Rashba spin–orbit interaction on the temperature dependence of the resistivity in the BG and EP regimes is discussed. We find that the effective exponent of the temperature dependence of the resistivity in the BG regime decreases due to spin–orbit coupling.


The 1820 Revolution in Spain provoked the first great crisis in the system of the Concert of Europe nearly five years after the Vienna Congress had concluded. The three years that elapsed before the French invasion of Spain took place, in 1823, were decisive for the success of the process of independence in the Spanish-American provinces. The importance of this first 19th c revolutionary cycle is unquestionable, despite the fact that historiography rather neglected the process, mainly as a result of the relatively quick defeat of Spain, Italy, and Portugal. The marginal role of these countries in the European scene added to that. Spanish historians split into two committed sides: the conservative mainstream used the process to fight democratic trends while portraying them as the paradigm of political instability, radical sectarianism, and the split of liberalism. This would coincidentally act as proof of the 1812 Constitution unfeasible nature. On its turn, the liberal tendency –far less influential– vindicated the Code, albeit critically. These two opposite ways of portraying the Spanish Liberal Triennium persisted until the 20th c, which suggests the need for new approaches to the study of the period.


The purpose of this paper is to study the combined effect of moisture absorption and void growing on the reliability of electronic packaging. Finite element simulation on a plastic PBGA package was carried out for moisture history from the moisture preconditioning (85 degC / 85 % RH for 168 h) to subsequent exposure to a lead-free soldering process, and the rule of moisture diffusion and the change of stress was found. Then, with the implementation of interface properties into the model study, the critical stress that results in the unstable void growth and the delamination at interface is significantly reduced and comparable to the magnitude of vapor pressure. Finite element results give a good guideline on the underfill material selection, and also give an insight of the failure mechanism associated with moisture absorption.


OBJECTIVE:To study the utilization of psychotropic substances Ⅱ in our hospital so as to promote its rational administration. METHODS: Investigation and analysis of 32 553 psychotropic substancesⅡ prescriptions for outpatients and emergency patients which were prescribed from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2006 in our hospital were conducted using daily defined dose (DDD) and drug utilization index (DUI). RESULTS: Among the 8 kinds of psychotropic substancesⅡ used, the DUI of 7 kinds were less than 1.00 and the DUI of 1 kind was greater than 1.00. CONCLUSION: The utilization of psychotropic substances Ⅱ is basically rational in our hospital, but great importance should be attached to the frequent drug combination.


High-resolution upwind schemes have become popular techniques to solve multidimensional transport problems. Based on the finite volume method (FVM), two-dimensional horizontal hydrodynamic transport equations can be written in the form of FVM discretization consisting of normal concentration fluxes around each element. The first-order Osher's approximate Riemann Solver is employed to estimate the normal concentration flux across the interface between elements, and high-resolution upwind schemes can be achieved by adding a limited (corrected) antidiffusive flux to ensure second-order accuracy and unwanted numerical oscillations. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of the model with the high-resolution upwind scheme.


: Blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV) is a strain of ictalurid herpesvirus-1 belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae. A detailed study on the pathogenesis of this virus revealed that it causes significant mortalities in blue catfish fingerlings and could be problematic with hybrid catfish production. The genome of BCAHV has 94% similarity with channel catfish virus (CCV) and these herpesviruses are a major threat to the hatchery and nursery phases of fish production. Even though, several studies have been caried out regarding the virulence, immune responses, and factors influencing infection, Rivers's postulates have not been verified for BCAHV infection so far. Validation of Rivers's postulates is essential to confirm virus as the causative agent of a disease. Testing and verification of Rivers's postulates are also essential to decide on treatments or while establishing proactive management strategies. In the current study, we tested Rivers's postulates to validate BCAHV as the etiologic agent of the infection in blue catfish fingerlings. The infected blue catfish tissues were processed, filtered, inoculated onto channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, and virus-specific cytopathic effects were observed. The cell culture propagated-BCAHV produced comparable infection in naïve blue catfish when exposed via immersion and was reisolated from the infected fish. Specific immune responses against BCAHV were observed, when survivors from an initial virus exposure were challenged with wild type virus after 45 days. Here, Rivers's postulates were satisfied for BCHAV infection in blue catfish proving BCAHV as the etiological agent of infection.


Introduction: The American Cancer Society indicates that each year 163,300 cases of childhood cancer are diagnosed worldwide. In Colombia, 300 deaths were reported from this cause in minors during 2015. Currently, the main etiological associations of childhood cancer are ionizing radiation and exposure to pesticides, making it an emerging priority in the global agenda for children's health. Objective: To identify carcinogenic factors associated with the increased risk in the onset of childhood cancer. Materials and methods: A review of scientific articles in English and Spanish was carried out in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and statistical publications of the World Health Organization, American Cancer Association and the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. Results: Different carcinogenic factors were described as ionizing radiation, biological agents, dietary patterns, exposure to pesticides, tobacco and asbestos, highlighting their association in the development of childhood cancer. Conclusion: The recognition of the carcinogenic agents frequently associated with childhood cancer, allows the identification of their impact on health, and generates more effective preventive measures that can reduce the worldwide burden of the disease.


Based on the D-S evidence reasoning theory, the differentiating model of aerial targets is been established in this paper. The model has integrated the tactical characteristics and the physical characteristics of the aerial targets. Experimental result show that the data fusion result is better than the traditional type differentiating model and the model can provide some reference value for the study of the fleet anti-air C~3I system.


An investigation is reported on the fatigue life of open-end, ring spun, and siro spun yarns using the technique of biaxial rotation over a pin. Open-end yarns have a sig nificantly higher fatigue life compared to ring spun yams. Mercerization increases fatigue life. For siro spun yams, an increase in strand spacing increases the fatigue life in a linear manner. The effect of the twist factor on fatigue life is interesting, in that maximum life is achieved at a twist factor of 40 and thereafter falls. Yarn density and fatigue life seem to be well correlated.


After comprehensive analyzed the main report forms usually used,they were Classified,summarized and defined.Users can freely choose,combine and customize their required report forms.In this paper the authors use VBA as programming tool to realize the definition of data by the field of Word.The report customization tool design and implementation were completed under the Word.achieving customized report templates once to be used repeatedly.


© 2007 The Author Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA, 02148, USA 211 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK TWEC World Economy 0378-5920 © 2007 Blackwell Publishers Ltd (a Blackwell Publishing Company) 30 2 riginal Article HY M LTINATIONALS HE P REDUCE POVERTY JAGDISH BHAGWATI Why Multinationals Help Reduce Poverty 1


The Olympic-Wallowa lineament in the area between Wallula Gap, Washington and Milton-Freewater, Oregon is a 200-m-high escarpment, the position of which is controlled by a zone of northwest-striking faults termed the Wallula Fault Zone (WFZ). Historical seismicity, including the 1936 magnitude 5--6 Milton-Freewater earthquake, indicates that some faults of the WFZ may be active. Recent studies (Mann, 1993) have revealed evidence for Quaternary motion on the Umapine Fault, the southern boundary fault of the WFZ. Abrupt topographic relief, faceted spurs, and offset drainages also imply Quaternary motion along the northern boundary fault, the Wallula Gap Fault. A detailed study of exposures of the Wallula Gap Fault in stream gullies revealed a narrow zone of northwest-striking synthetic faults dipping steeply to the northeast. Horizontal slickenline on many of the bedrock surfaces indicate that the last motion was strike-slip, although drag folds and vertical displacement of basalt flows imply past normal motion. Although fault planes have yet to be observed cutting Quaternary sediments, clastic dikes of Pleistocene Missoula Flood slackwater sediments (Touchet beds) are found in both basalt bedrock and fault breccia. The location of these dikes near the fault and their similar orientations implies a genetic relationship. Vertical stratification of themore » dikes into alternating coarse- and fine-grained laminations indicates multiple injections.« less


Assume a random variable x̃, whose probability density function is denoted by f(x|a) indexed by a parameter a. We find the necessary and sufficient condition for φ (a) ≡ ∫ φ(x)f(x|a)dx to be concavity preserving, that is, φ (a) is concave in a for any concave function φ(x). Jewitt (1988) and Conlon (2009) have found sufficient conditions for φ (a) to be mono-tonicity and concavity preserving, i.e., φ (a) is nondecreasing and concave in a for any nondecreasing and concave function φ(x). Conlon (2009) has also found sufficient conditions for φ (a) to be monotonicity preserving, i.e., φ (a) is nondecreasing in a for any nondecreasing function φ(x). However, there has been no study on concavity preservation of φ (a) as we are aware of, and this paper tends to fill in this blank. The concavity-preserving integration has important implications in the principal-agent problem. Particularly, we are able to justify the first-order approach, as long as the optimal contract is concave. This is the first time


ABSTRACT The Amish originated in Europe over 280 years ago. Although they eventually disappeared in their homeland area, they have survived remarkably well in the New World. The spread of Amish settlement in the United States encompasses five distinct periods. In the early periods the Amish followed the frontier, similar to other Americans, but generally without success beyond the northeastern quadrant of the country. Amish numerical growth was slow until the twentieth century. They are presently growing rapidly, and each year new Amish communities are established.


. Sericulture innovation is the driving force for the development of seri-culture, and innovation performance evaluation is an important means to promote the innovative development of sericulture technology organizations. This article conducted a questionnaire survey on the innovation performance of sericulture technology organizations in Nanchong City. The evaluation index system for innovation performance of sericulture technology organizations was constructed from fiveaspects:humancapital,policyincentives,technologicalinfrastructure,organi-zationalscale,andresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Themembershipconversion algorithmwasusedtoconstructaninnovationperformanceevaluationmodelfor sericulturetechnologyorganizations,Usingthemodel,itwascalculatedthatthe innovationperformanceevaluationlevelofthesericulturetechnologyorganiza-tioninNanchongCityis"average"andhasacredibilityofover95%.Finally, amechanismforimprovingtheinnovationperformanceofsericulturetechnol-ogyorganizationsisproposedfromthreeaspects:sericulturetechnologytalents, sericulturetechnologyorganizations,andgovernmentsericultureinstitutions.


We study sound wave propagation through a two-phase system of gas with dispersed liquid droplets. The key element of the study is combination of real gas effects, entering the model via a suitable equation of state, with steady and unsteady contributions to the drag force and heat transfer. This feature makes the model applicable for arbitrary pressures and temperatures. In the cases of low- and high wave frequencies ω analytical solution is derived. At low ω the model yields a generalization of the homogenous flow approximation to real gases. At high ω the speed of sound tends to its value in the real gas in the absence of droplets while the attenuation coefficient diverges as ω1/2. The model predicts the phenomenon of resonant attenuation demonstrated by the maximum of the growth rate of attenuation coefficient when ω is close to the eigen frequency of particle relaxation. In the absence of droplets (single-phase limit) for the gas satisfying the van der Waals equation of state the model yields the corresponding states principle for the speed of sound: the ratio of the actual speed of sound to its ideal-gas value is the universal function of reduced density and temperature. This ratio demonstrates a nonmonotonous behavior of the speed of sound as a function of density reflecting the competition between the repulsive and attractive terms in the intermolecular interaction potential.


The minimum contacts test has set the limits on the long-arm jurisdictional reach of U.S. courts since 1945. Although the International Shoe case that ushered in the test is routinely hailed as having created a fairer and more flexible jurisdictional regime than the "implied consent" rubric that preceded it, whether this is actually so is now open to serious question. In a rash of four decisions from 2011 to 2014 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that attempted exercises of long-arm jurisdiction were unconstitutional. While the results in three of the four cases were utterly predictable, those opinions contain language that could proved to highly constrictive of the personal jurisdiction of U.S. courts. In the one case in which the decision was not predictable, the Court splintered badly and failed to produce a majority decision. U.S jurisdictional law now contains two notable and arguably new features. One is that the need of the plaintiff to have access to at least one reasonable forum is not part of the jurisdictional calculus. The other is that jurisdiction over corporations based on activity unrelated to the operative events of the lawsuit now appears to be limited to the corporation's principal place of business and state of incorporation, with few or any forums beyond that being available. As a result, minimum contacts as a test of fairness rooted in the Due Process Clause is in its twilight. As a verbal formulation, minimum contacts is likely to endure. But it now produces results in jurisdictional cases that are as constricted as those of the pre-International Shoe implied consent regime. This article argues that to return the minimum contacts test to its fairness origins, courts at a minimum must take into account the plaintiff's need to have access to a reasonable forum.


This study is carried out at the Industrial Area of Khartoum North in the Khartoum state to determine the industrial effluents characteristics, their effect on sewers and their impact to the surrounding environment. Special attention has been given to tanneries effluents. In this study some factories, in the Industrial Area of Khartoum North, with different industrial types were selected for a closer study; their industrial operations and processing were observed, and their effluents were taken for physical and chemical analysis.


Limited availability of energy resources has motivated the need for developing efficient measures of conserving energy. Conserving energy in commercial buildings is an important goal since these buildings consume significant amount of energy, e.g., 46.2% of all building energy and 18.4% of total energy consumption in the US [1]. This demonstration focuses on a novel application to be deployed at Ralph & Goldy Lewis Hall (RGL) at the University of Southern California as a practical research testbed to optimize multiple competing objectives: i) energy use in the building; ii) occupants' comfort level; and iii) practical usage considerations.


This chapter begins with a discussion of participatory evaluation as a set of principles and a process. Drawing on her own experience and that of other practitioners, the author highlights key moments in the implementation of this process, with an emphasis on the how‐to.


Whey protein concentrates with ˜80% protein (WPC-80) plasticized with 0.64 M glycerol or sucrose, or with 0.34 or 0.64 M sorbitol or polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, produced flexible films. WPC-80 with hydrolyzed lactose required addition of less sucrose to produce flexible films. WPC-80 films formed as coatings on paperboard gave a grease barrier comparable to WPI film-coatings. Long-term ambient storage of WPC-80 coated paperboard indicated that the use of sucrose as plasticizer imparted good grease resistance and minimized plasticizer migration.


Conventional single-DOF mechanism is being increasingly replaced by multi-DOF mechanism with multi-actuator that leads to flexibility. Nevertheless there are many cases where the flexibility is redundant, programmable" mechanisms provide a cost-effective solution with limited flexibility. This paper discusses the inverse kinematics of hybrid driven seven-bar mechanism, which is a programmable mechanism. The study is to make the mechanism work as a set of mechanical cam mechanisms. An inverse kinematics model is presented to model the mechanism servomotor motion. By simulations and experiments, it is proofed that (a) the hybrid driven seven-bar linkage has programmable cam curves", and (b) the programmable cam mechanism" is feasible.


The utility model relates to a two-stage drainage floor drain which is formed by an upper stage and a lower stage in an overlapping mode, wherein the upper stage floor drain is a cylindrical cylinder with an opening upward and used for draining water on the ground surface; the openings are evenly formed in the vertical face of the cylindrical cylinder to drain accumulated water in a finish coat and a decorative combined layer. The lower-stage floor drainage is used for collecting water of the upper-stage floor drain and enabling the collected water to be drained out smoothly. The lower-stage floor drain is pre-buried in the building construction process, and the upper-stage floor drain can be installed before a floor is decorated.


In this paper the modeling framework of static traffic assignment is extended to the case where random costs are jointly distributed, although implicitly through a local correlation structure at nodes. The resulting network loading problem is then solved through a Monte Carlo simulation at each node processed in topological order. This way of reproducing the day-by-day randomness of transport supply allows highlighting of the role of en-route information to drivers, who are induced to make adaptive choices. The two limit situation where maximum level of information is supplied by a route guidance system and minimum level is self-obtained are considered.


ABTRACTs The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, is one of the more important insect pests of California vineyards, and the pesticide Movento® (Bayer CropScience) is one of the better and most often used tools for vineyard mealybugs. We used an HPLC to obtain the concentration of the active ingredient of Movento® (Spirotetramat) and two of its primary metabolites, Spirotetramat -Enol (which is the metabolite that kills the mealybug) and Ketohydroxy (a breakdown metabolite that is not active against mealybugs as far as we know). To analyze the quantity of Spirotetramat, Enol and other metabolites in leaves, the extraction method "QuEChERS" (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) was followed. We show that in most vineyards, the April-June applications of Movento result in rapid conversion of the active ingredient Spirotetramat to the metabolite Spirotetramat-Enol (which is the primary killing agent). During most of the growing season the highest concentration of Spirotetramat-Enol is in the leaves, however some material is moved to the trunk and roots. There was an association of higher application rates with higher amounts of Spirotetramat, but not of Spirotetramat-Enol in the vine leaves and trunk. High concentrations of Spirotetramat-Enol in the vine appeared to vary more among vineyard sites than our application methods, suggesting an influence of vine physiology on the uptake and conversation of Spirotetramat to Spirotetramat-Enol in the leaves. In most studies, Spirotetramat-Enol remained in the vine, at least in trace amounts, for at least a year.


Three-dimensional model of closed-loop surface water heat exchanger was built,and heat transfer performance of different inlet water temperature of heat exchanger and lake water temperature were studied based on FLUENT software under summer and winter operation condition.Results indicate that temperature difference between average temperature of inlet and outlet and lake water temperature,and temperature difference between inlet and lake water temperature are the fundamental factor to inflect heat transfer quantity.Relationship curves between two temperature difference and heat transfer quantity per meter were fitted.Field tests on heat rejected to and extracted from lake were carried out based on experimental table developed independently.Results based on curve fitting and experimental results were compared,and relative error is in range of ±10%.This paper provides a new idea of engineering design and application of closed-loop surface water heat exchanger.


Main objective: To know the repercussion of category IV PU (Pressure Ulcers) from the perspective of the people who suffer from them, using for it their experiences. Methodology: Qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were adults hospitalized with category IV PU and no cognitive deficit. The incorporation was progressive until reaching the saturation of the data with 12 informants. The information was collected through semi-structured individual interviews, recorded and transcribed literally. For the analysis, the methodological proposal of Taylor-Bogdan was followed with the Atlas ti computer program. Main results: From the analysis emerge several thematic categories: interpretation of the injuries, pain associated with ulcers, PU impose physical restrictions, PU impact on the emotional field, PU limit social life and paralyze the life project. Main conclusion: PU impact on the physical, emotional and social sphere, so it is necessary to overcome the biomedical conception of care and build a holistic, multidimensional and integrative nurse practice that considers the person in its whole dimension. Nursing professionals should include interventions that favour the healing of the lesion, relieve the pain, ensure comfort, attenuate negative emotions and facilitate adaptation to the social and family environment.


Nanopowders show the symmetry of trigonal space group R32. It is proved that this kind of materials show non-linear optical properties. In our work we used various polymerizing agents to obtain nanopowders. The purity and the size of nanoparticles depend on many factors. The limiting factors are: the temperature during the forming of crystals and the amount of deionized water applied to dissolution of precursors. The temperature and time of pyrolise affect the phase purity and the size of the prepared crystals.


Environmental compensation measures usually accompany energy projects. Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for five intangible benefits derived from afforested areas of a compensatory afforesta-tion programme of National Thermal Power Corporation Dadri are estimated. Conventional Contingent Valuation shows the average WTP € 2.1 per respondent per month with more than 43 % of total WTP for 'soil conservation and remediation' and 'improvement in underground water level'. Logit model method depicts the same order of magnitude but differs significantly at 5 % level for all the benefits. More in-formed decisions upon energy projects and afforestation programs shall help in conserving forests and their ecosystem services.


Acknowledgements 1. Encountering the Fields of Play 2. "What Kids Really Need": The Systematizing of Sport in Canada 3. Becoming Sport Parents 4. Organizing and Coaching Community Sports 5. Becoming Athletes and Players 6. Pulling Together and Apart in Community Sports 7. Sporting Dreams 8. How the Game is Played Bibliography Index


Generating invariants for loops is often a grueling obstacle in formal program verification. Researchers have employed methods from formal techniques based on abstract interpretation to test-driven dynamic analysis to tackle this problem. Even though powerful techniques for generating conjunctive invariants (invariants that employ only conjunction of terms) have been developed, disjunctive invariants have remained a sore thumb for formal techniques. In this paper, we propose a technique to transform certain category of loops, those that have a static iteration pattern, into loops that can be handled by conjunctive invariant generators. The key idea is to identify a static iteration pattern that distributes the disjunction in an invariant in a manner that can be captured by only conjunctive invariants. To broaden the scope of our algorithm, we also propose the idea of parametric verification, while attempting to verify specialized versions of the program where a subset of the input variables is instantiated with certain test-inputs. Note that parametric verification distinguishes it from program testing as testing requires all of its variables to be instantiated with test-inputs. We discuss our ideas on loops drawn from real programs to establish real-world applicability of our algorithms.


This thesis investigates whether deficits in the procedural memory network can explain grammar problems in children with language disorders. Results show that procedural memory is implicated in a wide range of other difficulties. The conceptualisation and assessment of procedural memory requires refinement before a direct tie to grammar acquisition can be made.


From the well-known effects of Electricity in regulating chemical compounds, in disturbing and breaking up even the most powerful chemical affinities, and from its acting as an energetic excitant to the muscular fibre, either when applied to it directly, or to the motor nerves; this agent is supposed by some physiologists, to play a most important part in the phenomena of organized bodies, and it has been considered to be the regulator of what are called vital affinities,


MOT 8232 Managing Technological Innovation is part of the executive Master of Science in Management of Technology degree program, where a cohort of working professionals meets one-day-per-week for 21 months. With the many time demands on these students, the goal is to keep classroom time as engaging and interactive as possible, while covering all the material. This presentation will report on an experiment to move "lecture" topics on-line, keeping the most interactive material and case studies for classroom time, while giving students one day without coming to class. Working with Academic Technology Support Services, the syllabus was mapped into specific learning objectives, 52 short videos were produced, with 20 quizzes to check student progress, and 13 discussion forums to create dialog. How it was done, the course results, student feedback and lessons for the future will be covered.
Presentation objectives:

Ideas for design of a hybrid course at the graduate school level
"Nuts and bolts" of turning the design into a compelling offering
Student feedback on what works, and what does not work

https://www.linkedin.com/in/webstersteven and Twitter @scwTech


Incorporating chromium(III) oxide in alumina refractories improves resistance to thermal-shock damage and slag attack. In manufacturing aluminachrome refractories, the chromium(III) oxide can be added to a coarse alumina as a fine chrome ore [1] or to corundum as a purified chrome ore [2]. When preparing ethyl-silicate-bonded alumina-chrome refractories [3] the source of chromium is usually chromium(III) oxide. In our earlier work [4, 5] on alumina-chrome refractories the effect of powder preparation procedures and composition, compaction pressure, and temperature and time of sintering, on the formation of solid solutions in sintered compacts prepared from two aluminium(III) oxide materials (MA95, average particle size 4 #m angular; A17, reactive average particle size 2/~m round) and a chromium(III) oxide material (M100, average particle size 0.4/~m) was studied. These results are summarized in Table I. The low density of some sintered compacts prepared from MA95 material may be due to loss of chromium, which could occur by the reaction


Macrophages (MΦ) form a highly heterogenous compartment within tumor lesions.  Using lineage tracing, we recently established that advanced NSCLC lesions in both mice and humans are depleted of tissue-resident macrophages (TRM) and are mainly populated by monocyte-derived MΦ (MoMΦ). Here, we show that TREM2+ MoMΦ dominate murine and human NSCLC lesions. Importantly, using mice reconstituted with mixed TREM2-deficient and -proficient bone marrow cells, we identified a cell-intrinsic ability for TREM2 to drive an efferocytosis-associated molecular program that profoundly reduced the expression of immunogenic molecules in tumor-infiltrating MoMΦ. Trem2 deletion significantly dampened this program, reversed MoMΦ immunosuppression, and significantly enhanced the accumulation of activated NK cells and cDC1 in tumor lesions. Notably, Trem2 deletion reduced lung cancer progression in an NK cell-dependent manner. Taken together, our results underscore the potential for therapeutic inhibition of TREM2 to mount a potent anti-tumor immune response by unleashing cooperative NK/cDC1 cell function.


We show the negative of the nominal term spread closely tracks the ex-ante real rate. Connecting this result to the well-documented predictability of output and consumption growth by the term spread, we argue that the estimates of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) obtained from the aggregate Euler equation are biased in that they imply a negative EIS. This fact provides one explanation for why it is difficult to link empirically the behavior of asset prices to macro aggregates in the standard representative-agent asset pricing and macro models. We show that a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and limited market participation can account for the change in sign of the relationship between the real rate and consumption or output growth.


To the contrary, however, the study of aftercare services and the process of working with ex-offenders, produces the most severe indictment of prisons. Aftercare has become a necessity, primarily to undo the devastating harm that we have inflicted on the prisoner during his incarceration. Transitional programs, such as community service centers, work release, halfway houses, parole, and re-entry counseling services must develop employment opportunities because prison has aborted previous jobs. They must teach work habits and disciplines because prison has been a life of idleness. They must set up new social


The occurrence,preparation,properties and standard of tea tree oil were briefed,with its features as pleasant odor,strong penetration while soothing sensation and mild irritation on skin,as well as the antimicrobial and moisturizing functions introduced.Those features resulted in its application in cosmetics,medications and food preparations.Thereby the information would be useful for further research and development of this product.


The human brain provides a range of functions such as expressing emotions, controlling the rate of breathing, etc., and its study has attracted the interest of scientists for many years. As machine learning models become more sophisticated, and biometric data becomes more readily available through new non-invasive technologies, it becomes increasingly possible to gain access to interesting biometric data that could revolutionize Human-Computer Interaction. In this research, we propose a method to assess and quantify human attention levels and their effects on learning. In our study, we employ a brain computer interface (BCI) capable of detecting brain wave activity and displaying the corresponding electroencephalograms (EEG). We train recurrent neural networks (RNNS) to identify the type of activity an individual is performing.


The senior author has for a number of years worked on the problem of the numerous and virtually unknown burial sites on the bluffs bordering the valley of the Republican River in Geary and Clay Counties, Kansas. This work has been a matter of some urgency, owing to the prevalence of unsystematic amateur excavation on the more prominent stone cairns found in the area. Fortunately, the complete excavation of the larger cairns involves too much labor for the merely curious, and it has often been possible to salvage material and information despite disturbance.


Arrhythmia is the irregularity in normal heart rhythm which may lead to cardiovascular diseases like heart attack, blood pressure and stroke. Cardiac arrhythmia occurs in up to 86% of patients during anesthesia and surgery. So it is considerably important to detect these arrhythmia. In present work, Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) and Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) have been displayed on CRO from the ECG device. The device is made compact by the use of surface mount device (SMD) technology. The developed device consists of hardware design with AD8232 for ECG extraction, with a gain of 100. Microcontroller to convert analog signal from AD8232 to digital form. Microcontroller is programmed using embedded C language in Atmel studio-7.0 version for ADC (Analog to Digital conversion) conversion, GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) and wireless Bluetooth transmission through UART communication. Bluetooth is used to transfer ECG data into the PC. The arrhythmia conditions were given from the ECG simulator to the developed device. The output was tapped from the developed ECG board and displayed on the CRO. The device has been tested for more than 20 arrhythmia conditions and it was able to display all the conditions on the CRO.


This research reported in this article ethnographically examines ethnicity and achievement in the formation of Korean Chinese students' peer networks. With the significance of children's peer networks in their interaction and school experience in mind, this article demonstrates how a group of ethnic Korean students at one Korean bilingual school with its competing ethnical projects of "model minority" and the achievement of "Han" students embrace, compromise or contest the officially dominant notion of ethnic integration and construct their peer networks. Through the findings from socio‐metric tests and fieldwork, this research results look at the construction of Korean Chinese students' peer networks along the lines of ethnicity and academic achievement. This article emphasizes the need to scrutinize the assumption of ethnic integration under any special context since China's reform period, and points to the importance of multicultural themes in state education for equality and ethnic integration.


The minimum number of misclassifications achievable with affine hyper_ planes on a given set of labeled points is a key quantity in both statistics and computational learning theory. However, determining this quantity exactly is essentially NP_hard_ cf_ Hofgen, Simon and van Horn (1995.) Hence, there is a need to find reasonable approximation procedures. This paper compares three approaches to approximating the minimum number of misclassifications achievable with afine hyperplanes. The first approach is based on the regression depth method of Rousseeuw and Hubert (1999) in linear regression models. We compare the results of the regression depth method with the support vector machine approach proposed by Vapnik (1998) and a heuristic search algorithm.


We should have a lot of labors with high qualities in developing economics in our country.According to the situation of workers in our country,I found we should develop the education of vocational technology and reinforce the usage of labor resource and promote the whole qualities of the work forces.


Objective: To investigate the expression of cell division cycle 25B gene (CDC25B) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Methods:The expression of CDC25B gene in 24 cases with pancreatic cancer and 4 cases of normal pancreas were evaluated by real-time fluorogenetic quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR). The product of RFQ-PCR was quantitated by comparative Ct method. The protein level of CDC25B was determined by Western blot. The association between expression of CDC25B mRNA and prognosis of patients were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results:QRT-PCR showed that the average quantity of CDC25B mRNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreas was 0.001 988±0.000 65 and 0.000 6350±0.000 21, respectively. In comparison with normal pancreas, the expression of CDC25B gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma had 3.13 fold up-regulation (P0.05). The patients with 5-fold increase in CDC25B gene expression had shorter survival time. Western blot revealed that compared with normal pancreas CDC25B protein had 4.56 fold increase in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues (1.22±0.33 vs 5.56±1.57). Conclusion:CDC25B was overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Patients with overexpression of CDC25B mRNA had poor prognosis.


Morphodynamic models can play a key role in assessing the likely impact of coastal developments. A major goal is the prediction of predicting coastal evolution over a regional scale. The deterministic approach to morphological prediction was pioneered by Pelnard-Considere (1956) who presented a one-line equation to forecast changes in coastline position. Subsequent models have extended this to multiple depth contours. Such models, however, do not forecast accurately the variability likely to be experienced in real situations. One alternative to the deterministic modelling approach is to employ stochastic forecasting methods, such as Monte Carlo methods. A key input to this type of model is the statistical description of the wave climate or other driving forces. However, to obtain physically meaningful results very many realisation are needed. In this paper we formulate and solve moment equations for the shoreline position. These equations describe the averaged or long-term solution, and its dependence on wave-climate; and eliminates the need for computationally intensive Monte-Carlo simulations. INTRODUCTION The prediction of the long-term movement of the shoreline is now an important issue for coastal engineers, However, the availability of observational data and our understanding of long-term morphological evolution limit the ability to make reliable predictions. This is compounded by the large computational effort required to predict changes in coastal morphology using the deterministic dynamical equations for fluid flow and sediment transport over even relatively short periods. Much of the research on coastal erosion and flooding has consequently been oriented towards coastal protection and harbour structures. Professor of Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Division of Environmental Fluid Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Assistant Director of Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, The University of Cambridge CB3 9EW, UK 1 Progress has been achieved with simplified models which predict longshore or cross-shore transport (e.g. Pelnard-Considere 1956, Bakker 1969, Perlin & Dean 1979, Nairn & Southgate 1993, Larson et al. 1997, Hanson et al 1998). The long-shore transport equation derived by Pelnard-Considere (1956) was, for example, subsequently extended to account for variations in wave direction and sediment transport along the shore (Larson et al. 1997). Over the past decade such models have become widely used in prediction of shoreline changes over periods of months or years. Bakker (1969) and Perlin & Dean (1979) developed models that included additional contours while parameterising the cross-shore transport, but these have not found their way into general practice. In practice, designers rely upon in situ measurements, or transform a deepwater wave climate to the shore, to derive an inshore wave climate representative of the site. Solutions to the one-line model, using time-averaged boundary conditions, are then taken to provide a first-order forecast of the time-averaged beach position. Wave conditions required to drive a one-line model are often available only as summary statistics. LeMehaute & Soldate (1979) addressed the problem of using wave statistics to drive the one-line model and proposed a procedure for constructing representative wave conditions. More recently, Perlin & Kit (1999) used a similar method to investigate the sensitivity of coastal response to local wave direction variation. Synthetic wave conditions were used by Vrijling & Meyer (1992) to perform Monte Carlo simulations with a one-line model to estimate the variability of shoreline position near a port. Reeve & Fleming (1997) used a one-line model and historical shoreline positions to infer the distribution of time-averaged sediment sources and thence to estimate likely future shoreline movement. While providing an indication of the typical position of a beach and the sensitivity of this to variations in the boundary conditions, none of these approaches provides a direct method for determining the mean and variance of the shoreline in the presence of variable wave conditions. However, by taking averages of the underlying equations, it is possible to derive moment equations, which govern the evolution of key quantities such as the mean beach position and its long-term variance, which provides a measure of the statistical reliability of the solution. Such equations have long been used in wave propagation in random media, but have not previously been developed for this problem. In this paper, we summarise the derivation of equations governing the evolution of the first and second moments (mean and autocovariance) of shoreline position, present general solutions for these equations and provide solutions for specific example cases.


This title explores the work of a new generation of artists from Central and Eastern Europe. This richly illustrated publication showcases a new generation of artists from the diverse cultural and historical backgrounds of Central and Eastern Europe. Looking both to the past and the future, these 22 artists engage post-conceptual strategies and forms and collectively challenge accepted notions of this region of Europe as a social, political and art historical monolith. There are three essays that are accompanied by individual presentations on each participating artist.


The negative externalities of high rates of car use associated with the National Health Service (NHS) have been a major policy concern in the United Kingdom. Every healthcare authority was required to produce a travel plan by December 2010, with a higher emphasis on promoting walking and cycling as a means of accessing hospitals. Evidence shows that although the take-up of travel plans is increasing across the NHS, the impact of travel plans in promoting walking as a travel option is relatively low among hospital staff. There is a lack of research on hospital travel plans, specifically in terms of what factors may have affected their success. This empirical study aims at bridging the gap between research and practice by capturing the views of the NHS representatives on hospital travel plans through a questionnaire. The survey findings show that despite having a high potential to promote walking as a key travel option among the hospital staff, the measures to promote walking were cited as the least effective. A Spearman correlation coefficient test was performed to evaluate the correlation between travel plan measures to promote walking and restrictive measures to reduce the use of cars. The results show that the effectiveness of measures to reduce the use of cars is positively correlated with the effectiveness of measures to promote walking. The effectiveness of travel plan measures is attributed to the successful adoption of innovative strategies in the given travel plan context.


Four coal gasification technologies used in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC) were introduced,and there characters were analyzed. Based on the general principles of selection,these technologies used for IGCC in China were analyzed.


Abstract— Social capital consists of three main pillars, namely trust, norms and networks. Everything will be examined through a description of the informal sector seen from women who work as traders in Karangrejo Village, Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency. The research problem that will be answered in this study is knowing social capital in empowering women in the informal sector. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of social capital in empowering women traders in Karangrejo Village. Researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach with questionnaire data collection methods and documentation. The participation of women in the informal sector in Kelurahan Karngrejo turns out to provide many functions for women's self-development. At first they have not been able to identify the potential that exists in them, now they can recognize their own potential so that women can apply it through the skills they have mastered. Social capital efforts in women's empowerment are expected to motivate women to be more advanced, independent and be able to develop their potential. In society so that they can be more empowered and improve their social welfare as well as help the family economy.

Keywords—: social capital; women empowerment and the informal sector.


We consider n parties with n corresponding utility functions, denoted by u1,…,un. Given a positive amount of money C, a fair split of C is a vector (c1,…,cn)∈Rn such that c1 ⋯ cn=C and u1(c1) = u2(c2) = ⋯ = un(cn). In this paper we show the existence and uniqueness of a fair split to any given amount of money C.


Objective To discuss the effect of lumbar dorsal pull in improving the symptoms of lumbar muscle strain and in preventing the reoccurrence.Methods 48 cases with chronic lumbar muscle strain were randomly divided into 2 groups: lumbar dorsal pull group(n=24) and routine Tuina group(n=24);the lumbar vertebra function was assessed with VAS before and after treatment.Results The pain was soon relieved in the lumbar dorsal pull group and the curative effect was obvious with the good effective rate of 79.1%;the index of improvement and the rate of improvement in lumbar dorsal pull group were higher than those in routine Tuina group(P0.05).Conclusion Lumbar dorsal pull is of good curative effect for chronic lumbar muscle strain.


The Bay Hotel in Cape Town provided the perfect backdrop to the stylish awards evening for the 2016 Food Review/Symrise New Product Competition. Now in its 22nd year, the event is geared at showcasing the latest and most innovative products launched on shelf.


Existing shortest-path algorithms mainly consider a single attribute. But traveler actually chooses a route considering not single attribute but various attributes which are synthesized travel time, route length, personal preference, etc. Therefore, to search the optimal path, these attributes are considered synthetically. In this study route searching algorithm which selects the maximum utility route using discrete choice model has developed in order to consider various attributes. Six elements which affect route choice are chosen for the route choice model and parameters of the models are estimated using survey data. A multinomial logit models are developed to design the function of route choice model. As a result, the model which has route length, delay time, the number of turning as parameter is selected based on the significance test. We use existing shortest path algorithm, which can reflect urban transportation network such as u-turn or p-turn, and apply it to the real network.


As electronic products tend to higher density, smaller area, lighter weight, and etc., three-dimensional (3D) packages are becoming effective chooses. Advanced 3D package technologies make the electronic products smaller with high density, but bring in more serious problems. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an important issue for more complex electromagnetic environment and smaller distance between noisy sources and sensitive circuits in the 3D package, especially in mixed signal system or RF/Microwave system. In this paper, a shielding structure with conductive adhesive covered on molding compound is researched. The shielding structure contains the molding compound, the conductive adhesive, and the ground plane and grounding vias. The conductive adhesive coated on the molding compound, and connects the ground plane or grounding vias on the top of substrate. To study the shielding performance, Device Under Tests (DUTs) are designed and fabricated in this paper. The test dies with Electro-Magnetic Coil are fabricated for DUTs to compare the isolation effect. The shielding performance of DUTs is measured by test system, which contains Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), coaxial cables and DUTs. The shielding efficiency (SE) of the novel structure is about 25dB below 8GHz, and the SE for high frequency is relative higher due to skin depth decreasing. The process of hybrid package with shielding structure is compatible with the normal package technology. The only additional step is the conductive adhesive coating. It is an effective method for suppressing near field noise in 3D mixed signal or RF/ Microwave package.


Mobile Cloud Computing enables resource limited mobile devices to support rich application services. Among three types of cloud services, Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds provides compute infrastructure for mobile applications on demand. In IaaS-based mobile clouds, latency and bandwidth requirements can considered as critical factors impacting Quality of Service (QoS). Opposed to centralized clouds, geographically distributed clouds realize higher QoS benefiting the proximity to the end user. In this paper, we propose an IaaS framework with regional datacenters for mobile clouds. With the benefits of software-defined networking (SDN), we address impacts on QoS during mobility by serving mobile user via the optimum datacenter. A test-bed was developed to measure the performance of service allocation and relocation in proposed framework.


This paper applies Chinese "Tao" and the concept of "instruments" to the interpretation of Japanese DOGU and reaches the conclusion that the former may enrich the latter,and that Japanese theories of DOGU can be employed in modern industrial design.


Many thermoelectric materials are multicomponent systems that exhibit chemical ordering, which can affect both thermodynamic and transport properties. Here, we address the coupling between order and thermoelectric performance in the case of a prototypical inorganic clathrate (Ba8Ga16Ge30) using a combination of density functional and Boltzmann transport theory as well as alloy cluster expansions and Monte Carlo simulations. The calculations describe the experimentally observed site occupancy factors and reproduce experimental data for the transport coefficients. By inverting the cluster expansion, we demonstrate that the power factor can be increased by more than 60% for certain chemical ordering patterns that involve reducing the number of the trivalent species on the 6c Wyckoff site. This enhancement is traced to specific features of the electronic band structure. The approach taken in the present work can be readily adapted to other materials and enables a very general form of band structure engineerin...


Network security issues are becoming increasingly a concern these days. There are more and more tools and techniques that can be used to enter the system illegally, thus paralyzing the existing system. This can occur due to loopholes and the absence of a security system that protects it so that the system becomes vulnerable to attacks. The recognition of attack patterns on the network is an effort to make these attacks recognizable, making it easier for network administrators to handle them in the event of an attack. One of the techniques that can be used in network security because of a timely attack is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS), which can help administrators in surveillance that comes. This study used a signature-based method and tested it using a simulation. The incoming data packet will be assessed whether it is dangerous or not, then several rules are used to find the best accuracy value. Some rules used are based on the results of training and testing results in 60% training results and 50% for rule 1 test results, 50% training results and 75% rule 2 test results, 75% training results and rule 3 test results, 25% training results and the result of rule 4 test, 50% of training results and test results for rule 5. The test results with the signature-based method can recognize attack data patterns via TCP and UDP protocols, and monitoring is made to be able to detect all attacks with a web-based display.


The sections in this article are

1
Introduction

2
Direct Dipolar Coupling

3
Indirect Spin–Spin Coupling

4
Summary

5
Acknowledgements

6
Biographical Sketch

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An interesting problem in music information retrieval is how to combine the information from different sources in order to improve retrieval effectiveness. This paper introduces an approach to represent a collection of tagged songs through an hidden Markov model with the purpose to develop a system that merges in the same framework both acoustic similarity and semantic descriptions. The former provides content-based information on song similarity, the latter provides context-aware information about individual songs. Experimental results show how the proposed model leads to better performances than approaches that rank songs using both a single information source and a their linear combination.


The high rate of economic growth has encouraged the development of Baubau City in various sectors of life. It has implications on the increase in space requirements. Rapid changes in land use often deviate from the spatial plan (RTRW) that has been legalized. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness and consistency of the land use plan and to investigate factors affecting the suitability and consistency of the land use growth with the spatial plan. The analysis has used GIS, Balance of Land Resources, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Based on the analysis, there are three forms of inconsistency from the spatial plan of Baubau, as follows: inconsistencies in the spatial plan itself, inconsistencies with the laws and regulations, and inconsistency in the utilization of the land use plan. The results have shown that the level of consistency to the land use plan is medium. The factors affecting the deviation of land use pattern from the plan are the ease of getting to service centers, the improved welfare, and the accessibility.


Football, meat pies, kangaroos and a universal health care system: it's the Australian way. Of course, when visiting a doctor of checking in to a hospital there might be some up-front costs; but a comprehensive safety net means no-one gets left behind. That, at least, is a truth most Australians would take to be self-evident. However, new research from the Menzies Centre for Health Policy suggests the reality is more complex, and that rising out-of-pocket medical costs are putting the health of low-income patients at risk. When you're faced with a co-contribution for prescription drugs or specialist fees, gaining access to the care you need isn't always a given. And the gap is growing: Australia already has some of the highest co-payments among OECD countries and the suggestion is that there's no relief in sight. And finding a bulk-billing specialist isn't always an option.


Purpose – To examine the range of fibre‐optic sensors available for monitoring the integrity of buildings and civil engineering structures.Design/methodology/approach – Explains the need for structural monitoring and reviews the types of fibre‐optic sensors. Concentrating on elongation and temperature sensing, shows how each technology works, which companies supply the products, and gives an overview of their technical specifications.Findings – Fibre optics are able to provide integrated, single‐point and distributed sensor systems. The fibre is a communication channel as well as a sensor, and in some systems, carries highly multiplexed data over considerable distances to a central monitoring station. The take‐up of this technology in structural sensing is helped by appropriate packaging that assists attachment to buildings. Durability and measurement stability give a continuity of measurement that was not previously possible.Originality/value – An introduction to the range of sensors applicable to struct...


Abstract The main objective of this paper is to show an importance of developing suitable experimental conditions while designing and utilizing model-based fault detection systems. In particular, the paper shows the possibilities of exploiting the theory of optimum experimental design in parameter-estimation-based fault detection schemes. More precisely a novel scheme for measuring and diagnosing an impedance is proposed.


Migration is a global reality. Each year an estimated 2.5 to 4 million migrants cross international borders without authorisation. In 2005 international migrants in South Africa were estimated to number 11 062 million, or 2.3 per cent of the total population. In 2007 only 250 000 of the migrant workers in South Africa were documented. Statistics show an influx of migrants whose legal status in the country is often uncertain.


Abstract : The general objective of the research is to study the nature of fundamental particles and their production mechanisms. A counter experiment was completed relating the basic coupling constant of some of these mesons to electro-magnetic forces. In addition a search for new mesons gave a negative result for strangeness plus one baryons, but did produce recently discovered Q and L mesons and a possible new candidate for a negative 1 meson. Various properties of these particles and their production mechanisms were determined.


Generative models for structure-based molecular design hold significant promise for drug discovery, with the potential to speed up the hit-to-lead development cycle, while improving the quality of drug candidates and reducing costs. Data sparsity and bias are, however, two main roadblocks to the development of 3D-aware models. Here we propose a first-in-kind training protocol based on multi-level contrastive learning for improved bias control and data efficiency. The framework leverages the large data resources available for 2D generative modelling with datasets of ligand-protein complexes. The result are hierarchical generative models that are topologically unbiased, explainable and customizable. We show how, by deconvolving the generative posterior into chemical, topological and structural context factors, we not only avoid common pitfalls in the design and evaluation of generative models, but furthermore gain detailed insight into the generative process itself. This improved transparency significantly aids method development, besides allowing fine-grained control over novelty vs familiarity.


Abstract The selective reduction of NO with propene has been investigated on Al 2 O 3 and Ga 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 , using in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy combined with on-line mass spectrometry and IR gas analysis. During the NO–C 3 H 6 –O 2 reaction, the main surface species detectable by IR were adsorbed nitrate, acetate, formate, cyanide (–CN), and isocyanate (–NCO). Ga 2 O 3 was found to promote the formation of these surface species, especially nitrate, –CN, and –NCO. From the experiments focusing on the reactivity of surface NO x (ads) (nitrite and nitrate) species, we found a very high reactivity of those compounds toward C 3 H 6 , leading to the rapid formation of –CN and –NCO species. On the other hand, acetate and formate species were deduced to be spectator species in this reaction. An appearance of ν(NH) bands ascribed to the formation of the surface complexes including amido groups (–NH complexes) was observed simultaneously with a decrease of the –NCO band, suggesting that the –NCO species is hydrolyzed to the –NH complexes by the reaction with some traces of water. A reaction mechanism has been proposed: NO x (ads) species formed by NO–O 2 reaction on the catalyst surface react with C 3 H 6 -derived species to generate the –NCO species via acrylic species and organic nitro compounds, and then the surface –NH complexes generated by hydrolysis of the –NCO species react with NO x (ads) species or NO 2 to produce N 2 .


Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease of the breast that can mimic breast carcinoma or infection. The treatment options include expectant management, complete resection, and corticosteroid therapy, although no standard treatment has been established. Recently, several case reports have suggested that methotrexate is another effective treatment for GM. Here, we describe the first Korean case of recurrent GM successfully treated with low-dose weekly methotrexate and review the relevant literature. (Korean J Med 2012;82:386-391)


This article presents an overview of how the popular "3-Cs" model (creative, critical and cultural) for literacy and media literacy can be applied to the study of computer games in the English and Media classroom. Focusing on the development of an existing computer games course that encompasses many opportunities for critical activity and creativity, it considers how the cultural function of literacy has been neglected for those functions that are easier to measure. It considers how opportunities to explore the cultural functions of texts, especially games, might be developed and how computer games might provide a unique opportunity for students to bring their own "cultural capital" into the classroom. It examines some student work from such "cultural" activities and concludes by recommending how and why we might develop "structured play" when using "living texts" such as computer games in the classroom.


A bump of irregular frame structure as an example, the use of ANSYS software, the structure dynamic characteristics analysis, given the cycle ratio and modal participation mass percentage, as the bump of irregular frame structure design reference.


INTRODUCTION :
Diabetic Neuropathy is one of the most common troublesome
complications of diabetes mellitus.
One of the aims of the present study was clinical and electrophysiological
evaluation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and do a comparative
analysis. The present study used the Diabetic Neuropathy Examination
Score (DNE), which was designed by Meijer. Nerve conduction studies
were done according to a standard protocol as already mentioned. In the
study it was observed that out of the 29 subjects who were found to have
neuropathy by Nerve Conduction Studies, 26 tested positive by the DNE
score which gave a sensitivity of 89.7%. There is statistically significant
association between clinical examination scores(DNE) and nerve
conduction study. Thus it can be inferred that the clinical examination by
the DNE scores is a simple, reliable and reproducible method of
diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Vascular complications both micro and macrovascular predominate
the features of Indian diabetes due to delayed diagnosis. Various
microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus includes
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Diabetic Neuropathy
Presence of microvascular complications at the time of diagnosis of
diabetes mellitus are showing increasing trend in India. Early detection of
microvascular complications and its treatment at this time by intensive
therapy can prevent progression of these complications and hence
morbidity and mortality among patients.
Diabetic Neuropathy is one of the most common troublesome
complications of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of neuropathy is
related to age, duration of diabetes and the quality of metabolic control,
by the time a diabetic patient has severe neuropathy, retinopathy and
albuminuria are also usually present. Diabetic neuropathy is clinically
present in 30-50% of all diabetes patients. Diabetic foot accounts for one
of the largest inpatients admissions in India.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :
1. To evaluate peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients by
clinical examination and electrophysiologicaly by nerve
conduction study and thus do a comparative analysis.
2. To study the correlation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with
other microvascular complications by assessing microalbuminuria
and retinopathy.
3. To study the correlation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with
age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, systemic
hypertension and total serum cholesterol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
DESIGN : Cross sectional study.
Study Population :
50 patients with type 2 diabetes attending diabetology OP in
Coimbatore medical college hospital from September 2009 to September
2010 were selected for this study after getting informed written consent.
Inclusion Criteria :
Patients were included for study if they had
o Onset of type 2 diabetes > 35 years of age.
o Duration of diabetes > 5 yrs.
Exclusion Criteria :
Patients were excluded from study if they had
o Gross albuminuria.
o Non diabetic neuropathies.
o Non diabetic retinopathy and other chronic ophthalmological
illness.
CONCLUSIONS :
1. There is statistically significant association between clinical examination scores (DNE) and nerve conduction study. Thus it can be inferred that the clinical examination by the DNE scores is a simple, reliable and reproducible method of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
2. There is statistically significant correlation of diabetic neuropathy with other microvascular complications namely diabetic retinopathy(P<0.05) and microalbuminuria (P<0.001)
3. There was statistically significant correlation between diabetic peripheral neuropathy with age (p< 0.05), duration of diabetes (P<0.01), HbA1C levels (P<0.05) and systemic hypertension (P<0.01). It was also found that the correlation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with sex, BMI, total serum cholesterol was not statistically significant.


The bronchoscopy findings are presented in Table 11 separately for individual indication groups (Table I). The commonest finding was obstructing tracheal or bronchial granulation in patients with difficulties in artificial ventilation or failure in weaning from the ventilator (group I). Mucous plugs and tracheobronDuring the three year period 1984 to 1986, 60 neonates underwent 81 bronchoscopies. The youngest infants underwent the examination on the day of birth and the oldest was 30 days old. Their weight ranged from 700 to 4500 g. Forty-seven babies had a primary disease for which they already had received treatment. The primary diagnoses were: respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (23 patients), cardiovascular malformations (9), oesophageal atresia (8), meconium aspiration (4), small for gestational age (SGA) (2), and pneumonia (1). The indications for endoscopy are listed in Table I. All examinations were performed under general anaesthesia using Hopkins-Storz neonatal bronchoscope with 2,5 and 3,0 mm rigid tubes. No antifog tubes were used. In addition, a WolfT 10 Charriere cystoscope, with ventilation arranged through one of the ~~waterholes", was used in bronchial dilatations in one premature baby. In 33 of the 81 bronchoscopies, a therapeutic procedure was included. These consisted of 22 selective lavations and 11 bronchial dilatations or endobronchial resections. The bronchial toilets were performed either with a rigid suction tube semiblindly or with a semiflexible suction tube under direct vision. The dilatations were performed either with Fogarty no. 3 or 4 balloon dilatator, with biopsy forceps or with the bronchoscope itself. The endobronchial resections were performed with biopsy forceps. Discussion


Due to the copyright issue, we cannot place electronic version of the book here. But you can access through the digital library via the link above, thanks.


We demonstrate a novel preparation method for the formation of metallic nanowires from gold, platinum, and silver using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a template. SBA-15 controls the size and the growth direction of the nanowires and also prevents bulk aggregation of the metal. Nanowires can be isolated from the silica framework by treatment with HF.


Finite Element Analysis on its critical speed of standing wave is carried out for a high-speed radial tire by using ABAQUS software.The characterization methods of the critical speed are determined.The experimental verification is completed with the aid of a test system.The conclusion is that the critical speed of standing wave increases both by increasing the pressure of the tire and by reducing its load.The value from the analysis can be an index for vehicle safety driving and provides a basis for high-speed tire design and traffic management.


Research studies aiming at examination and formulation of a dynamic analog to Saint-Venant's principle (DSVP) are critically reviewed. Article concentrates on isotropic homogeneous linear elastic response over a range of structural geometries including waveguides, with either free or constrained lateral surfaces, half space, wedges and cones. Nearly 140 DSVP related references are covered starting with early ideas by Boley. A special chapter is dedicated to available experimental work on end effects and decay rate in dynamically excited structures. Current thinking on possible versions of DSVP is classified into several categories, one of which, the dynamic equivalence, is compatible with much of known experimental data and has been tacitly applied at various engineering situations. That observation provides inspiring ground for renewed interest in both practical and theoretical aspects of DSVP.


HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt età la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, ´ emanant desétablissements d'enseignement et de recherche français oú etrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Note : This is a preprint and may differ in minor details from the published version Introduction Despite their enormous potential to facilitate bedside management, the practical role of computers in critical care environments is generally restricted to the storage and the retrieval of data coming from electronic medical devices and hospital information networks. Benefits of the use of computers in health care may be extended by the design of computerized medical assistants that can efficiently discharge the clinical staff of repetitive tasks (which, in practice, often are not performed) and, importantly, help practitioners to make efficient decisions in time. In intensive care and anesthesia, the demand for computerized medical assistants is potentially considerable, in order to filter and synthesize the growing mass of clinical parameters and information available. The progressive introduction of computerized protocols has been proposed to standardize the bedside decision making process for mechanical ventilation and to reduce unnecessary variation among practitioners 32 , reinforcing the potential impact of computerized medical assistants. Designing such assistants for intelligent monitoring, diagnosis and therapy planning tasks in Intensive Care and Anesthesia is a challenging goal that requires the modeling of several levels of knowledge ranging from low level data interpretation to high level cognitive tasks, such as planning (for a review of recent research work in this field see 12, 25). Our goal in this special issue is to show how knowledge-based computerized assistants can be used to practically improve the closed-loop control of mechanical ventilation. Management 3 Modern methods of mechanical ventilation partially assist the patient's ventilation by adding a variable amount of mechanical support to his/her spontaneous activity. In this context, since the needs of the patient are evolutive, it is essential to continuously control the ventilatory support, in order to avoid excessive work of breathing and effort, discomfort and dyspnea on the one hand, or excessive support, hyperinflation and dyssynchrony on the other hand. In parallel to this ideal automatic …