An optical system of UV limb panoramic imager was designed by using panoramic annular lens (PAL) and relay lens, the central wavelength was 360 nm, the waveband was 10 nm, the field of view was 360 (70.9 ~73.3), the focal length was 5 mm, and the relative aperture was 1:3.3. The method of improving the uniformity of image illumination was studied against the large field of view of the optical system. Optimization and analyzsis were performed using CODE V and ZEMAX software. The design result shows that the RMS radius of disc of confusion of spot diagram is less than half of the pixel, 80% of energy is enclosed in a pixel, the MTF is >email@example.com lp/mm, the f- distortion is less than 0.4%, the uniformity of image illumination is 91%. The design results satisfy the requirement of the specifications, the volume is small, and suitable to application in space atmosphere sounding. It indicates that the optical design method of UV panoramic imager is feasible, and the design method can be used in other wavebands, it is instructional for designing the panoramic imager.


Abstract. The design, fabrication, and mechanical characterization of a compact-reduced stiction see-saw radio frequency MEMS switch are presented. The switch has a resonance frequency of 9.8 kHz with a corresponding switching speed of 46  μs. Use of a floating metal layer and optimal contact area ensures reduced stiction and smaller capacitive leakage. Overall size of the switch is 0.535 (0.50×1.070)  mm2. Reduction in up-state capacitance also results in improvement in self-actuation voltage, insertion, and return loss. The optimized topology has improved the stiction and power handling of the switch.


A 31 year-old male with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was accompanied with avascular necrosis of the femoral head on both sides, refractory to the following conventional therapies: high dose immunoglobulin (IgG) therapy, splenectomy, vinblastin slow infusion; maintaining a platelet count less than 20 x 10(3)/microliters. He subsequently tried the combination of high dose IgG therapy with platelet transfusion from two single donors, which successfully increased the platelet count to more than 50 x 10(3)/microliters for as long as 9 days. Compared to this method, platelet transfusion alone without IgG infusion failed to maintain an increase in the platelet count. These results suggest that high dose IgG may affect transfused-platelet removal in ITP. Management by the combination method enabled him to undergo surgery twice and he was able to walk with a stick six months later.


Abstract The admissible closure conditions can be completely determined in the limit of vanishing cor relation length. In this case the Lundgren hierarchy can be solved, since this irregular state persists in the course of time. The electric field on the other hand loses its statistical character. - The results can be extended to examples of homogeneous turbulence with a finite correlation length.


Rru_A3730 protein is a bacterial Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase (RrA), which is known by its anticancer activity. RrA variants with point amino acid substitutions in the region of 150 amino acids residues: RrA17N, K149E, RrAE149R, V150P, F151T, RrА17N, E149R, V150P, RrAE149R, V150P, showed antiproliferative properties, and also by their ability to suppress telomerase activity. This work is devoted to comparison of physical-chemical and catalytic properties of these mutant forms of RrA. It is shown that pH optimum is in the alkaline zone (8.5 – 9.3); L-glutaminase and D-asparaginase activity is respectively not more than 0.1% and 1.6% of L-asparaginase for all studied variants of RrA. The presence of the N17-terminal amino acid sequence MASMTGGQMGRGSSRQ of the capsid protein of bacteriophage T7 in the RrA structure leads to an increase in the thermal stability of mutant RrA analogues (from 50°C to 56°C) and their resistance to denaturation in the presence of 3 – 4 M urea. It is of Metal ions exhibit multidirectional effects on L-asparaginase activity of RrA. K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cs+, Co2+ in significantly affect the activity of L-asparaginase, while Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ ions inhibit it. There was no correlation between antitelomerase (antiproliferative) activity and kinetic properties of mutant forms of L-asparaginase RrA.


Summary

1
Heart-rot of sugar beet occurred on experimental plots at Rothamsted during 1935, the severity of the attack decreasing steadily with later sowing, but the effects of spacing of the rows and of treatment with sulphate of ammonia were not significant. Where the number of affected plants per row was high, a higher proportion of affected plants showed severe symptoms.

2
Unaffected sugar beets and others showing slight and severe symptoms of heart-rot were transplanted to sand cultures and treated with light and heavy dressings of boric acid or with none.

3
In the absence of boric acid the characteristic signs of boron deficiency appeared in the shoots, the apices of the stems and the flower buds blackening and dying. This occurred even when no symptoms were present before transplanting.

4
In the presence of boric acid all plants produced healthy shoots, with no deficiency symptoms. Where heart-rot was originally present and the main axis killed, a number of healthy, lateral shoots were produced.

5
A certain number of plants failed to survive transplanting, the proportion being greatest with the heavy dose of boric acid, with which one-half of the plants died. This suggests a possible toxic action of the heavy dose which did not come into play if the plants were constitutionally able to withstand the initial poisoning and start away into growth.

6
The later addition of boron did not improve the condition of the roots of affected plants, as irremediable damage had been done before transplanting.

7
The possibility of producing healthy shoots in the second year from affected roots is important from the point of view of seed production, as considerable loss may be saved by the use of small amounts of boron compounds.


The Tiered Response System and the Incident Management System are two oft-mentioned concepts in OSR planning. Their use is invaluable during a response. Increasingly, OSR planning is incorporating results from relative-risk comparisons to prioritize strategies and tactics for locations using a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA). A fourth planning concept is proposed. It is the conscious balancing of costs and practicality versus OSR risks and consequences. The As Low as Reasonably Practicable concept (ALARP) may be new to many, it is used in other fields (esp., engineering and safety) to examine options to reasonably achieve desired levels of safety and for natural disaster response planning.


CO2 exchange of leafy branches intact on potted plants was measured with an infrared gas analyzer to determine if there were differences in adaptation to low elevations. Species studied were: Pinus attenuata, knobcone pine; P. coulteri, coulter pine; P. lambertiana, sugar pine, listed in order of increasing minimum elevation. Knobcone pine showed the greatest acclimation to low temperatures; coulter pine acclimated better than sugar pine. Sugar pine was most efficient at photosynthesis in reduced light intensities. Young seedlings of knobcone and coulter pine, with 100% primary leaves, were more efficient than sugar pine seedlings of comparable age which had developed some secondary leaves. Plants of all three species showed a similar pattern of decline in rate of photosynthesis during each 8-hr experimental photoperiod. Coulter and knobcone pines showed somewhat greater drought tolerance than sugar pine both as seedlings and as saplings. Knobcone and coulter pines are better adapted to low elevations than sugar pine.


This paper aims to present a preliminary picture of the first stage of an ongoing study on religiosity, spirituality and positive youth development among Muslim high-school
students. The sample studied consisted of 895 students who attended secondary schools in the greater Kuala Lumpur region in Malaysia. The Exploratory factor analysis yielded
an eight-factor solution with moderate-to-high internal consistency. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that Muslim female and male students scored significantly differently in these eight factors. When comparing the type of secondary schools attended,
significant mean differences in students' scores were also observed. Although these results are based on preliminary analysis, they underline important areas for future research on religiosity, spirituality and positive development among Muslim youth.


Aim. To identify the socio-psychological determinants of the psychological well-being of respondents during a pandemic. Methodology. The study involved residents of Russia, Germany, Italy and Holland. The data were obtained on the basis of respondents' answers to 95 questions of the questionnaire developed by the Zurich University of Applied Sciences. The content of the questionnaire included non-standardized and standardized scales. Results. It was revealed that the psychological well-being of respondents during a pandemic is sig-nificant with age, living conditions and resilience. The determinants of psychological well-being of the respondents were identified, which include the size of the area of residence, resilience and satisfaction of respondents with remote work. There are cultural and national characteristics in the severity of the listed determinants. Research implications. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in identifying uni-versal determinants and their cultural and national characteristics during the pandemic. The results of the research can be used in providing psychological assistance to the population, and are also of interest for organizing the process of managing the remote work of employees.


On October 3, 2003, the Payment Cards Center of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia sponsored a workshop on identity theft to examine its growing impact on participants in our payments system. Avivah Litan, vice president and research director of financial services for Gartner Inc., led the workshop. The discussion began and this paper follows with a broad study of identity theft, at times compared with traditional payment fraud, and continues with an evaluation of its overall risk to consumers, merchants, and credit providers. The paper compares the incentives each such party has to address identity theft in concert with current market response to the crime. Finally, the paper concludes by posing several questions for further study. This paper supplements material from Litan's presentation with additional research on the crime of identity theft.


Abstract SGLT2-inhibitors have revolutionized treatment for Type II diabetes (T2DM) due to their numerous benefits including improved glycemic control, cardioprotective properties, reduction of high blood pressure, and mitigation of disease progression in CKD.ew studies have investigated the benefits of this medication class on patients with Type 1 DM (T1DM). Herein we describe a case in which the diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) was unmasked following the use of an SGLT2-inhibitor. A 56-year-old female with a history of T2DM diagnosed 10 years ago presented to the endocrine clinic for management of her poorly controlled diabetes. Her medications then included insulin detemir, insulin lispro, metformin, and repaglinide, but she still had an HbA1c of 11.3% (n<5.7%). She was tried on glipizide early in her disease course but it was discontinued due to fluid retention. She had a sedentary lifestyle with a BMI of 31.27 kg/m2. She was requiring increased doses of insulin over time with minimal improvement in her HbA1c. Two years later she was started on liraglutide with increasing dosages. Her HbA1c continued to decrease down to 8.7% and her BMI had decreased to 26.83 kg/m2. Over the next year, her HbA1c began to again increase up to 9.8%. At this time canagliflozin was added to her medication regimen. She responded very well to this medication initially with a drop in her HbA1c to 7.5% and a decrease in her BMI to 24.01 kg/m2. Unfortunately, one year after initiation of the SGLT2-inhibitor she was hospitalized for DKA and pancreatitis. At this time all her medications, except for insulin and metformin, were discontinued. A GAD65 antibody (>250 IU/mL; n<5.0 IU/mL) and c-peptide (<0.1 ng/mL; n = 1.1-4.4 ng/mL) levels were checked at this time which revealed the diagnosis of LADA approximately 16 years after her initial diagnosis of T2DM. She was transitioned to an insulin pump and managed according to protocol. SGLT2 inhibitors have been studied as an adjuvant treatment with insulin for T1DM due to their ability to increase urinary glucose excretion but are currently not approved for T1DM. Despite their recorded benefits, they have also been shown to significantly increase the risk of DKA when used in patients with T1DM. Our patient, who was mistakenly treated as T2DM for almost two decades, was diagnosed with LADA after initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor led to hospitalization for DKA. Further research is needed to assess the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in T1DM, and caution must be taken when prescribing this medication to patients who may have underlying LADA. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


Research of the usefulness of SAR images for forest applications has only recently received more attention. Good results have been obtained both with multitemporal analysis and interferometry. If the area of interest is very large, the double number of images needed for multitemporal approach or interferometry may become a problem. Also the time interval needed to obtain two suitable images may be a drawback. Therefore a forest/non-forest classification method using single SAR images has also potential, although it is clear that additional information brought by double imagery should increase reliability. Single ERS SAR images can be used for forest/non-forest classification of boreal forests in winter and up to the beginning of the growth of vegetation in the agricultural fields. Very wet weather conditions will probably disable the usage of a SAR image for classification.


Background and Aims: In the US, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, and African-American (AA) women have much worse than average survival. Few studies have examined t...


A circularly‐polarized GPS antenna for L1 (1575 MHz) is designed and fabricated using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. A parallel patch and high dielectric constant composite ceramic with LTCC fabrication method are employed to design a compact structure. The electrical connected parallel patch interval and size are the main parameters for achieving resonance frequency at L1‐band to support modern GPS coding schemes. The proposed electrically connected upper and lower patches are connected together with vertical via pins and therefore did not have any connection with the ground plane. By embedding a truncated corner patch and rectangular slots to this design, the right‐hand circularly‐polarized (RHCP) field property is achieved. By using these features, a compact simple CP‐GPS antenna with 2.32 dBic gain at 1575 MHz is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna has a total compact size of 15 × 15× 4 mm3and operates over the frequency band from 1570 to 1585 MHz for VSWR < 2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2926–2930, 2016


Ground based indices, such as the Dst and AE, have been used for decades to describe the interplay of the terrestrial magnetosphere with the solar wind and provide quantifiable indications of the state of geomagnetic activity in general. These indices have been traditionally derived from ground based observations from magnetometer stations all around the Earth. In the last 7 years though, the highly successful satellite mission Swarm has provided the scientific community with an abundance of high quality magnetic measurements at Low Earth Orbit, which can be used to produce the space-based counterparts of these indices, such the Swarm-Dst and Swarm-AE Indices. In this work, we present the first results from this endeavour, with comparisons against traditionally used parameters, and postulate on the possible usefulness of these Swarm based products for space weather monitoring and forecasting.


Gregory Nazianzen: in one passage of his works (II., p. 444,11. 595 ff.) Gregory is treating of gluttony, and quotes KeptriSas 6 ^LXrarot for a drastic phrase regarding the (ate of food after its consumption. It is possible to find something resembling this in 11. 82 ff. of the Heidelberg fragments ; while Gregory's description (in the same passage) of Cercidas as himself eating salt and spitting OaX/ivpov at the fare of the luxurious has parallels in 1. 37, 1. 93, and 1.106 of the same piece. Compare, too, Gregory, 1. 698, with Heid. Pap., 1. 89. Mr. Knox infers that Gregory had his eye on our anthology, and knew the anthologist was Cercidas. If now we turn to Cercidas' Meliambi (P. Oxy. 1082), we at last have an explanation of the odd passage in col. ii. which has worried commentators, and which is thus translated by Mr. Knox : ' But my heart in its embraces all the Muses' cublets took; who could spoor Pierian traces, Soul, like thee, or bait the hook ?' Is not Cercidas here referring to his earlier activities as an anthologist ? As a Cynic and a ' bookworm' Cercidas is well qualified to be the author of our introduction and the collector of moral extracts, and one line of his, written in the choliambic metre (the metre of our anthology's preface), actually survives.


Aiming to IEC61850 calling for a new requirement on the function,EMC,tempreture and mechnical structure of Industrial ethernet switch,this paper introduces a design scheme of fiber industrial ethernet switch based on IEC61850.This scheme gives many specific realization technologies in software and hardware design.The application of fiber industrial ethernet switch based on IEC61850 in digitalized substation will play a positive role in enhancing the level of substation automation.


The aim of this study is to an audit of the types, patterns, and indications for major oral and maxillofacial surgeries carried out at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. The findings from this study should provide valuable information to develop a future strategic plan, and improve clinical care. A retrospective review of the hospital records (including theatre logbooks, theatre lists, case notes and admission notebooks in the wards) of all patients operated upon within the study period was done. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Two hundred and forty-two (242) patients who had two hundred and eighty-eight (288) maxillofacial surgeries in the period under review formed the population for this study. There were 180 (62.5%) males and 108 (37.5%) females giving a male to female ratio of 1.6: 1. The ages observed ranged from 3 months to 85 years (median age of 23 years and mean age of 22.36 ± 20.09). Congenital/developmental conditions formed the largest indication for surgery, accounting for 113 (39.4%) of the cases seen. The most commonly performed surgery was cleft lip/palate repair (36.1%, n = 104), followed by mandibulectomy and reconstruction using plating systems (16.7%, n = 48). Major Oral and Maxillofacial surgeries are commonly carried out in our centre. The quality of service delivery can be improved upon through adequate manpower training in microvascular surgeries to help in better patient rehabilitation and provision of needed facilities.


This paper introduces speech database for analyzing children's speech. The proposed database of children is recorded in Kannada language (one of the South Indian languages) from children between age 2 1 2 to 6 1 2 years. The database is named as National Institute of Technology Karnataka Kids' Speech Corpus (NITK Kids' Speech Corpus). The relevant design considerations for the database collection are discussed in detail. It is divided into four age groups with an interval of 1 year between each age group. The speech corpus includes nearly 10 hours of speech recordings from 160 children. For each age range, the data is recorded from 40 children (20 male and 20 female). Further, the effect of developmental changes on the speech from 2 1 2 to 6 1 2 years are analyzed using pitch and formant analysis. Some of the potential applications, of the NITK Kids' Speech Corpus, such as, systematic study on the language learning ability of children, phonological process analysis and children speech recognition are discussed.


© 2017, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved. We present the results of an experimental study aimed at using high speed videos to determine the harmonics of vibrations of structures, and their associated mode shapes under noise. One of the technologies that underpin the results in this paper is phase- based motion magnification: visual magnification of micro-motions using high speed videos. In this paper a cantilevered beam is instrumented with nine accelerometers from root to tip. When forced into free vibration (via an impulse hammer), a high speed video of the vibrating beam is taken and subsequently post-processed. Using a phase-based algorithm for magnifying the small movements of the beam, along with an optical flow algorithm for calculating velocities, mode shapes of the beam are recovered. Some challenges which are common for experiments, such as ashing effect due to alternative current and unevenly distributed luminance along the object were overcome by image enhancement techniques. The recovered mode shapes were found to match analytical predictions from Timoshenko beam theory and the accelerometer data.


In recent years, smart monitoring approach is creating a strong impact in our life. Various technologies are developed in the field of IoT related to vehicle monitoring system. With the increase in the number of accidents and the deteriorating performance of the cars, there is a need for a programmatic real-time monitoring system and a self-learning algorithm for smart prediction. We use the Raspberry Pi, various types of sensors such as temperature sensor, vibration sensor, pressure sensor, fuel level indicator sensor and so on. Alternatively, Wi-Fi can be used for transmitting data directly to the cloud. We are going to implement one dashboard which is present in the vehicle on which we are easily monitoring the vehicle's health, also it will show the health parameter of vehicles such as temperature, pressure, fuel level, oil level, vibrations and so on.


Employing the resource-based view of the firm and the competitive forces perspective, the authors examine how brand equity (star power, director power, and brand extensions), financial resources, and competitive intensity serve both as antecedents to the length of global product rollout and as moderators of the effect of length of global product rollout on global product performance. The results, based on data from the motion picture industry, demonstrate that brand equity, financial resources, and competitive intensity result in shorter global product rollout and that shorter global product rollout enhances global product performance. They also find that brand equity and financial resources operate as moderators, magnifying the effect of length of global product rollout on global product performance. Implications for international marketing academics and practitioners are presented.


The 20th May 2016 moment magnitude (MW) 6.1 Petermann earthquake was the 2nd longest single-event historic Australian surface rupture (21 km) and largest MW on-shore earthquake in 28 years. Trench logs from two hand-dug trenches show no evidence of penultimate rupture of surface eolian sediments or underlying calcrete. Available dating of eolian dunes 140 to 500 km away from the Petermann fault indicated eolian deposition during either the last glacial maximum (approximately 20 ka) or a period of aridification at approximately 180 - 200 ka. Ten 10Be cosmogenic nuclide erosion rates of bedrock outcrops at 0 to 50 km from the surface rupture trace are within error of each other between 1.4 to 2.6 mMyr-1. These samples have approximate averaging times between 208 to 419 ka. Bedrock erosion rates, trenching results and interpretation of the landscape history suggest the 2016 event is the only surface rupturing earthquake on the Petermann fault in the last 200 to 400 kyrs, and possibly the first ever on this fault. This finding is consistent with a lack of evidence for penultimate rupture for all eleven historic Australian surface rupturing events, as described by either trenching and/or landscape analysis and bedrock erosion rates. These ‘one-off’ events within Precambrian cratonic Australian crust are not consistent with trenching results and geomorphology of paleo-scarps within the Flinders Ranges and Eastern Australia which indicate multiple recurrent fault offset. Variable fault recurrence behaviour highlights that uniform seismic hazard modelling approaches are not applicable across Stable Continental Regions.


For predicting of diffusive phase transformations during the austenitizing process in hypoeutectoid Fe-C steels, a two-dimensional model has been developed. The diffusion equations are solved within each phase (α and γ) using an explicit finite volume technique formulated using a square grid. The discrete α/γ interface is represented by special volume elements α/γ. The result showing the dissolution of ferrite particles in the austenite matrix are presented at different stages of the phase transformation. Specifically, the influence of the microstructure scale and heating rate on the transformation kinetics has been investigated. Final austenitization temperature calculated with this 2D model is compared with predictions of a simpler one dimensional (1D) front-tracking calculation.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


We introduce a phenomelogical model to describe the characters of ferroelectric superlattices.Three kinds of coupling ways are considered in the model.The polarization,Curie temperature and the critical size of the superlattices are obtained by computational simulation.We think that the coupling coefficients are functions related with the temperature and the lattice size.An experience formula is introduced to explain recent experimental results about the KTaO\-3/KNbO\-3 superlattice material. PACC: 7780


Objective This analysis was to find out the epidemic features of viral hepatitis and the factors associated with its prevalence in Shawan town of Tanchang county in 2004. Methods The methods of epidemiological studies were used to do analysis on the data on the epidemic situations. Results 178 cases of viral hepatitis were diagnosed in Shawan town in 2004,the incidence as high as 741.0/lakh and hepatitis B predominant accounting for 71.4%. Men were affected more often than women in all types of hepatitis. Onset of viral hepatitis was mainly seen among the population aged 2 to 20 years with different age distribution among individual types of the disease. Conclusion The incidence of viral hepatitis was significantly higher in 2004 than in previous years, which was associated with the implementation of direct reporting through network system and the reinforcement of propaganda and supervision of the "Act on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases". The poor environmental sanitation and direct drinking of tap water also contributed to the prevalence of the disease. The improvement of environmental sanitation and reinforcement of vaccination are strongly recommended.


Junction flows originate from the interaction between a fluid moving over a wall with an obstacle mounted on the same surface. Understanding the physics of such flows is of great interest to engineers responsible for the design of systems consisting of wall-body junctions. From aerodynamics to turbomachinery and electronics to bridge hydraulics, a number of phenomena (drag, heat transfer, scouring) are driven by the behavior of the most prominent feature of junction flows: the horseshoe vortex system (HVS). Focusing on turbulent flows, the complex dynamics of the HVS is established through its unsteadiness and non-uniformity. The fundamentals of this dynamically-rich phenomenon have been described within the body of a rapidly-expanding literature. Nevertheless, important aspects remain inadequately understood and call for further scrutiny. This study emphasized three of them, by investigating the effects of: model scale, wall roughness, and bed geometry. High-resolution experiments were carried out using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Statistical analyses, vortex identification schemes, and Proper Orthogonal decomposition were employed to extract additional information from the large PIV datasets. The time-averaged topology of junction flows developing over a smooth and impermeable wall was independent of the flow Reynolds number, ReD (parameter that expresses the effects of scale). On the contrary, timeresolved analysis revealed a trend of increasing vorticity, momentum, and


This paper presents the concept of standard strategy on the viewpoint of how to exploit the standard resources.Considering the import significance of standard strategy,it demonstrates that the strategic goal is to coordinate,to place,to optimize and to manage all kinds of standard resources.It also discuss es other related tactic issues on how to fulfill this goal.Voluntary Consensus S tandards are one of the most optimized pattern in utilizing the standard resourc es,which have been legislatively taken as an crucial part for national standards in advanced western countries.On the bases of analyzing outland and inland situ ations,it finally puts forward some proposals of concrete measures and methods o n implementing our standard strategy.


The purpose of this article is to present an elementary derivation of Maxwell's equations suitable for an opening lecture in a modern applied electromagnetism course. It is inspired by Dirac and the way he inferred his celebrated equation. Interestingly enough, his arguments, which are gradually fading away from modern quantum field theory courses, regain their vitality in the context of classical electrodynamics. Consequently, this derivation starts with (1) the wave equation and leans on (2) the Huygens principle and (3) transversal polarization of light as an electromagnetic wave. All three ingredients are firmly rooted among the experimental facts.


To understand the effect of low dietary phosphorus (P) intake on the vertebral column of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, a primary P deficiency was induced in post‐smolts. The dietary P provision was reduced by 50% for a period of 10 weeks under controlled conditions. The animal's skeleton was subsequently analysed by radiology, histological examination, histochemical detection of minerals in bones and scales and chemical mineral analysis. This is the first account of how a primary P deficiency affects the skeleton in S. salar at the cellular and at the micro‐anatomical level. Animals that received the P‐deficient diet displayed known signs of P deficiency including reduced growth and soft, pliable opercula. Bone and scale mineral content decreased by c. 50%. On radiographs, vertebral bodies appear small, undersized and with enlarged intervertebral spaces. Contrary to the X‐ray‐based diagnosis, the histological examination revealed that vertebral bodies had a regular size and regular internal bone structures; intervertebral spaces were not enlarged. Bone matrix formation was continuous and uninterrupted, albeit without traces of mineralization. Likewise, scale growth continues with regular annuli formation, but new scale matrix remains without minerals. The 10 week long experiment generated a homogeneous osteomalacia of vertebral bodies without apparent induction of skeletal malformations. The experiment shows that bone formation and bone mineralization are, to a large degree, independent processes in the fish examined. Therefore, a deficit in mineralization must not be the only cause of the alterations of the vertebral bone structure observed in farmed S. salar. It is discussed how the observed uncoupling of bone formation and mineralization helps to better diagnose, understand and prevent P deficiency‐related malformations in farmed S. salar.


Let G = ( V, E ) be a complete undirected graph with vertex set V , edge set E and let H = < G, S > be a hypergraph, where S is a set of not necessarily disjoint clusters S 1 , . . . , S m , S i ⊆ V ∀ i ∈ { 1 , . . . , m } . The clustered traveling salesman problem CTSP is to compute a shortest Hamiltonian path that visits each one of the vertices once, such that the vertices of each cluster are visited consecutively. In this paper, we present a 4-approximation algorithm for the general case. When the intersection graph is a path, we present a 5/3-approximation algorithm. When the clusters' sizes are all bounded by a constant and the intersection graph is connected, we present an optimal polynomial time algorithm.


High-maneuver missile is a projectile which demands a strong momentum at short time. To produce a necessary thrust for the flight, the gas of high temperature and pressure is generated through explosive combustion of solid propellant, and a great thrust can be obtained by expanding this high temperature and pressure gas. Although the operating time of a rocket motor is less than a few seconds, a failure of part or ablation near the throat of nozzle may take place during the expansion of high temperature and pressure gas for great thrust. In other words, for the precise control of a missile an exact stress analysis considering both, the thermal stress caused by the heat transfer between combustion gas and wall, and the mechanical stress caused by the pressure change in the flow, should be considered first. In this connection, this study investigated the safety, as a point of view of stress and melting point of the material, of the pre-designed thrust generating structure which is subjected to high temperature and pressure as a function of motor operating time.


It has been known that platelet activating factor(PAF) plays some important roles in the development of allergic reactions. On the other hand, a close relationship between allergic reaction and platelet function was clarified in asthma and related diseases from the aspect of clinical laboratory findings. However, an accurate and direct role of platelet in these diseases was not clear. In this study, platelet was activated by PAF, and the release of a chemical mediator from the activated platelet was studied in order to study the direct action of platelet in allergic reactions. Furthermore, the effect of Azelastin hydrochloride, one of antiallergic drugs, on histamine release from the platelet of rabbits was studied. The results obtained from this experiment were as follows ; Azelastin hydrochloride (with a final concentration of 2.5•~10-4M) inhibited PAF-induced aggregation of PRP of rabbits. In addition, Azelastin hydrochloride inhibited the release of histamine from washed platelet of rabbit activated by PAF in the same manner as inhibitory action of aggregation.


Along with the continuous development of the construction industry in recent years,reinforced concrete frame structures in industrial complementary room,average house is more rapid application development.Reinforced concrete widely used in architectural engineering construction,produced some often the quality problems,if negligent treatment,the light Problems make internal reinforced materials produced corrosion deformation,reduced the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete materials and durability,the serious problems threaten to people's life and property.According to practical experience,cast-in-situ reinforced concrete frame structure construction quality problems can be controlled,avoided and solve.


COMMONS, MICHAEL L.; RICHARDS, FRANCIS A.; and KUHN, DEANNA. Systematic and Metasystematic Reasoning: A Case for Levels of Reasoning beyond Piaget's Stage of Formal Operations. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 1058-1069. Modes of cognition are postulated consisting of thirdand fourth-order operations; they are hypothesized to be qualitatively distinct from, and hierarchically related to, the form of reasoning characterized as formal operational by Inhelder and Piaget. An instrument was developed to assess these modes of cognition, labeled systematic and metasystematic reasoning, and was administered to 110 undergraduate and graduate students. The results support the assertion that systematic and metasystematic reasoning exist as modes of cognition discrete from, and more complex and powerful than, formal operational reasoning.


Figs(Ficus,Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps(Agaonidae) constitute the extreme example of interactions between plants and insects.Each fig species is pollinated by a single minute,pollenbearing female wasp species that only depend on the particular fig syconia for the production of their offspring,so the relation is generally regarded as species-specific.However,exceptions to this 'one to one rule' are discovered.The patterns of co-divergence and speciation are expected in fig-fig wasp relations owing to extreme host specificity.The paper elaborated the advance of co-speciation between figs and fig wasps,and it is useful to know the perfect pairs and the mechanism of co-speciation.


Abstract Two measures of microbial activity were used to characterise a variety of sediment habitats in three intertidal inlets in the Nelson region, South Island, New Zealand. Rates of microbial mineralisation potential and epibenthic microalgal production were compared with sediment textures, concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, ATP concentrations, and organic and inorganic nutrients. Baseline ranges for these parameters were established for relatively undisturbed estuarine sites for assessing future environmental deterioration and for comparison with sites affected by organic enrichment. Sediment mineralisation rates were increased more than 1000‐fold by enrichment from a fruit processing plant and microalgal production was enhanced by more than 50‐fold at a site exposed to slaughterhouse wastes. The remaining variables, although often strongly correlated with activity measurements, were not as sensitive as measures of enrichment. Sediment microbial activity measurements are proposed as a means o...


This research is dedicated to Art and one of the aspects of musical science composer's musicology. Many different problems of composer's musicology attract musicologists today. Concept composer musicology is actual in science and the arts. Composer Musicology is the polysemantic concept. The first structural and semantic position is composer musicology a substructure of a musical science-critical activity, scientific branch of musicology. Composer is the main and sole agent of it. The second position is associated with the idea of composing musicology as extra-musical substructure of intellectual and artistic activity of the composer, which acts as a non-specific part of his legacy in the form of scientific papers and literary works. It is actualized the theme of self-reflection of the composer, which finds expression in verbal, introspective painted, discourse composer. The issue of self-reflection of the composer is vast, diverse and relevant as there is creativity, art and science. Word composer may exist in various forms. Purpose of the article the explication of verbal forms of self-reflection of the composer-musicologist. We use scientific and analytical methodology, synthesizing the various approaches of the humanities. This is a new scientific approach to musicology. The concept of culture (M.M. Bakhtin), the theoretical position of composer musicology (N.S. Gulyanitsky, T.N. Naumenko); theory of reflection (N.I. Kuznetsova), the poetics of postmodernism (V.N. Kuritsyn). Space represents the composer's self-reflection system of verbal statements of different genre and structural content. For musicians who have chosen the double and sometimes even triple specialization are organically roles of composer, philosopher, art, music writer, critic, theorist, musicologist, teacher, scientist, which is subject to not only a musical perspective, but are close to modern mathematical theory of Synergetics, Computer techologies. This kind of information support of the author of his work. The system covers the genre structure, typical of musicology and related exclusively to the compositional strategies. This paper attempts to identify ways to study the composer's self-reflection as a tool for theoretical and aesthetic self-interpretation provided by a variety of verbal formulation of copyright materials.


Tennis Play-and-Stay is a new tennis teaching method explored by the International Tennis Federation based on the research of tennis teaching experience, which overcomes the passive state in the process of tennis teaching through fun and practicality. Comparing Tennis Play-and-Stay and traditional tennis teaching methods and the analysis of experiments and questionnaires on the teaching status of college tennis classes, the application of Tennis Play-and-Stay in college tennis teaching is discussed. It is pointed out


Recent finds of copper alloy and lead figural sculpture from Roman Scotland are presented and discussed. These are rare finds in this frontier area, and represent a significant addition to a small corpus. Discussion considers whether such finds offer clues to the location of shrines or other sacred places in the wider landscape, a question that has largely been ignored in research to date. The rarity of such finds among the Roman imports on Iron Age sites leads to a discussion of the uptake and impact of such naturalistic imagery on the local population. An appendix catalogues the finds.


INTRODUCTION
Emotional eating has been defined as eating in a response to negative emotions and it is associated with weight gain. The English version of Eating Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) was developed to assess how individuals use food in order to cope with stress and emotions.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze psychometric characteristics of Spanish version of EADES and to identify whether the constructs of EADES were associated with obesity in university students.

METHODS
The EADES (Spanish version) was administered to 232 Mexican university students from 18 to 29 years old. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. A test-retest evaluation was conducted with 75 participants.

RESULTS
Cronbach's alpha of EADES was 0.92; the interclass correlation coefficient was 0.88. Regarding BMI and EADES results, the subscale Emotion and Stress Related Eating was significantly associated with obesity (p = 0.026). Through factor analysis of the instrument, three factors were extracted and items that showed factor loading < 0.40 were eliminated. 40 items remained in the questionnaire. With regard to obesity and the 40-items version of the instrument, a statistically significance association was found for the total score (OR = 0.973, p = 0.020) and for the factor Self-confidence related to Emotional Eating component (OR = 0.940, p = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS
A good internal consistency and temporal stability of the Spanish version of the instrument were found; the 40-item EADES version was positively associated with obesity. This instrument could be useful in assessing emotional eating.


A correct understanding of the true costs of a procedure is necessary to make informed decisions in cost-effectiveness analyses. The actual comprehensive costs of performing CT guided biopsy of lung lesions (CTGLB) were analyzed. Methods: Costs included labor, equipment, administration, facility establishment and maintenance, overhead, and consumable supplies. Cost identification was performed with use of an hourly rate that reflected the labor cost of CTGLB. The costs of the consumable supplies used during the procedure were calculated. From august to December 2018, 65 CTGLB were studied in 61 consecutive patients to determine mean procedure duration and supplies consumption. Variable costs include consumable supplies and salaries of the personnel involved in the procedures. Fixed direct costs include the purchase, depreciation, maintenance, and repair costs of the CT scanner and other related equipment. The indirect costs which include transfer and overhead costs were not calculated due to the absence of an analytical accounting of the hospital. Costs were calculated in Tunisian Dinars (TND) then converted into dollars: 1$=3TND Results: the average duration of the procedure was estimated at 30 minutes. Total inclusive direct cost of labor was 8 $ per procedure (Radiologist, resident, Radiology nurse, Technologist). Average cost by procedure, including consumable supplies was 45 $ . Fixed direct cost was 33 $ per CTGLB (depreciation 18$, maintenance and repair costs 10$). The average direct cost of a CTGLB was 86 $. Conclusion: The average direct cost of CTGLB was established, showing that the cost remains very low under our skies. This is due mostly to underpayment of hospital medical staff in our country


Currently, Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are identified once a patient has undergone significant medical testing and analysis to determine the severity of trauma. Due to the complexity of both the human brain and skull as well as the range of possible traumatic events it is virtually impossible to determine the severity of the TBI based on visual analysis. The current market includes several monitoring systems for TBI but the systems are very expensive or exclusive to military applications. The proposed design allows for the detection of TBI severity from exposure to impacts when wearing a helmet. The design also reduces the cost of the monitoring system and provides the user with approximate severity of the injury. A system was developed to determine the effects of an impact at the center of the head through the use of sensors positioned throughout the helmet. The ability of the product to provide immediate feedback to the user through the use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or an audible alert, separates it from existing products. In the full implementation of the design, the feedback will be controlled by a microcontroller that will analyze the sensor data and categorize it based on severity of the impact. The system will be completely portable, requiring no external equipment. Due to time constraints this was not achievable for the purposes of this project, and the system remains attached to a computer for the data processing. The Need for Project The proposed design will provide instantaneous feedback to the user concerning the severity of a head impact. Current products in the head protection industry are becoming more efficient in protecting the victim from serious traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The analysis and testing have led to the production and combination of newer materials that absorb the energy of the impact more efficiently. Although advances in protection have reduced the number of severe injuries, research into head trauma has shown that while immediate symptoms may not be present, severe injury, resulting in death, is possible. The issues lie in the lack of user awareness of the possible damage caused by varying severities of impact. In many situations the user shows no symptoms and does not seek medical attention, but may have severe head trauma, which may become fatal if left untreated. The Design Project Objectives and Requirements The objective of this project is to develop a self contained system that will alert a user of a critical impact to the head. Proposed design outputs/function The helmet impact detection system will focus on the area of winter sports impacts, and provide the user with magnitude information of a head impact without the use of external systems. Through the use of either audible indicators or light emitting diodes (LEDs), the user will be directed to seek medical attention. The primary operating range is 30-50g impacts. It is in this range that many concussions go undiagnosed because the user shows no immediate symptoms, but later the user may suffer more severe brain trauma if left untreated.


We present a probabilistic localization and orientation estimation method for mobile agents equipped with omnidirectional vision. In our appearance-based framework, a scene is learned in an offline step by modeling the variation of the image energy in the frequency domain via Gaussian process regression. The metric localization of novel views is then solved by maximizing the joint predictive probability of the Gaussian processes using a particle filter which allows to incorporate a motion model in the prediction step. Based on the position estimate, a synthetic view is generated and used as a reference for the orientation estimation which is also performed in the Fourier space. Using real as well as virtual data, we show that this framework allows for robust localization in 2D and 3D scenes based on very low resolution images and with competitive computational load.


Intervention trials with specifi c nutrients have been performed in an attempt to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, over-all results so far have not been very convincing (1). Nevertheless, the health benefi t (reduction in CVD) of fruit and vegetable consumption is generally assumed. Investigators have attributed benefi ts to specifi c nutrients measured in blood, such as vitamin C. Given these assumptions, it has been proposed that plasma vitamin C concentrations can predict risk of CVD events (2,3). This was recently confi rmed in the EPIC-Norfolk population study (4), wherein the top quartile of baseline plasma vitamin C was associated with 42% lower risk of stroke compared to the bottom quartile, independently of use of ascorbic acid-containing supplements, smoking, and stroke risk factors (4). Given the limited accuracy of the measurement of fruit and vegetable intake with food-frequency questionnaire, plasma vitamin C has been proposed as a candidate biomarker of fruit and vegetable consumption because these foods are the primary sources of dietary vitamin C (5). Humans cannot effi ciently synthesize the chemically instable ascorbic acid (the antioxidant vitamin C). On average, the human body loses ± 3% of its vitamin C content per day. Although plasma vitamin C status is generally regarded as a nutritional biomarker, correlation between vitamin C intake and vitamin C concentration is rather weak: only about 17% of the variance of plasma vitamin C concentration can be explained by vitamin C intake (6). Vitamin C status in humans is not only determined by dietary vitamin C content, but also by environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking), biological factors (e.g., infl ammation, iron excess), and pathological conditions (e.g., malabsorption, chronic haemolysis) (Table 1). Here we further wish to point towards potential confounding by infl ammation, iron status, and iron-related genetic polymorphisms as important determinants of plasma vitamin C (7).


Novel ligand (Cyclododecylidineamino)thiourea (CDDATU) and its Cadmium (II) complex were synthesized and characterized by IR, CHNS and Thermo gravimetric analysis.The complex was found to give highly crystalline, good quality, mono-dispersed Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles through polyol synthesis method using Glycerol as high boiling solvent. Characterization of Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles were done using SEM, EDX, TEM, UV, PL and PXRD studies.


Mice carrying the beige mutation (bg/bg) on a C57BI/6 background were challenged with Histoplasma capsulatum. bg/bg mice had higher mortality and higher lung tissue fungal counts in their lungs than either bg/ + or C57BI/6 mice challenged with equal inocula. Immunologic studies showed that bg/bg mice developed normal delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to histoplasmin, but had deficient NK cell cytotoxic activity against YAC‐1 target cells. Studies of macrophage killing of H. capsulatum in vitro showed that T lymphocytes of either bg/ + or bg/bg mice were able to activate fungal killing by bg/ + but not by bg/bg macrophages. These studies, while not excluding a role for the NK cell, suggest that macrophage dysfunction may be critical in the greater susceptibility of the bglbg mouse and, by extension, that macrophage function is of major importance in host defense against H. capsulatum.


This paper introduces main technique and basic principle of database Imageaccessing. Include storage of image field in database,BMP file format, transfertechnique and display of image data. The paper user VC++ to realize accessing to image field in database, and baser on application example to analyze reading, writing and display image dada in detail. At last,The paper include key source codes.


The vibrant school of printmaking which emerged and flourished in New Zealand between 1900 and 1950 forms the subject of this thesis. It examines the attitudes of the printmakers, many of whom regarded the print as the most democratic of art forms and one that should reflect the realities of everyday life. Their subject matter, contemporary city scenes, people at work and leisure, local landscapes, Mダori and indigenous flora and fauna, is analysed and revealed as anticipating by over a decade that of regionalist painters. They are also identified as the first New Zealand artists to draw attention to social and environmental issues. Trained under the British South Kensington art education system, New Zealand printmakers placed great importance on craftsmanship. Although some worked in a realist style others experimented with abstraction and surrealism, placing them among the forefront of New Zealand artists receptive to modern art. Expatriate New Zealand printmakers played significant roles in three major printmaking movements abroad, the Artists' International Alliance, Atelier 17 and the Claude Flight Linocut Movement. The thesis redresses the failure of existing histories of New Zealand art to recognise the existence of a major twentieth-century art movement. It identifies the main factors contributing to the low status of printmaking in New Zealand. Commercial artists rather than those with a fine arts background led the Quoin Club, which initiated a New Zealand school of printmaking in 1916; Gordon Tovey's overthrow of the South Kensington system in 1945 devalued the craftsmanship so important to printmakers; and the rise of modernism, which gave priority to formal values and abstraction, further exacerbated institutional indifference to the print. The adoption of Mダori imagery by printmakers resulted in recent art historians retrospectively accusing them of cultural appropriation. Even the few printmakers who attained some recognition were criticised for their involvement in textile and bookplate design and book-illustration. Key artists discussed in the thesis include James Boswell, Stephen Champ, Frederick Coventry, Rona Dyer, Arnold Goodwin, Thomas Gulliver, Trevor Lloyd, Stewart Maclennan, Gilbert Meadows, John L. Moore, E. Mervyn Taylor, Arthur


Objective This study was conducted to analyze the epidemiological features of an outbreak of norwalk virus diarrhea in a district of Shenzhen municipality to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of norwalk virus diarrhea. Methods Case definition was established and case-finding and epidemiological investigation were made. Norwalk virus antigen was detected by RT-PCR. Results The epidemic lasted for one week and a total of 13 cases were found, including 8 infants,1 primary school student and, 4 teaching stuff. 10 fecal samples were collected and it was found in lab studies that norwalk virus antigen was positive in all the samples. Conclusion Close contact is the main rout of transmission of norwalk virus diarrhea. Cultivation of good personal hygiene habits, isolation of source of infection and interruption of route of transmission are effective approaches to the prevention and control of the disease


The percentage of gonorrhea cases in the total clinic population was compared with that of the patients taking oral contraceptives for the years 1965-1968. Information on the social status of the oral contraceptive users (using the Registrar Generals criterion of social status) and feelings and behavior regarding extramarital sexual relations was obtained through interview. The incidence of gonorrhea in the total clinic population increased 6% from 1965 to the first 6 months of 1968; the incidence of gonorrhea in oral contraceptive users increased 15%. In comparing the 80 oral contraceptive users in 1965 with the 90 users in 1968 there was an increase in infection rates for Social Classes 1 2 and 3. The percentage of women who had extramarital intercourse since taking the pill was 73% for Classes 1 and 2 70% of Class 3 and 62% of Classes 4 and 5. Women who might have done otherwise if not taking the pill were 53% for Classes 1 and 2 64% for Class 3 and 25% for Classes 4 and 5. From case histories it appears that married women develop promiscuity gradually. The decreased use of the condom is an important factor in the increased incidence of gonorrhea.


The ensemble Kalman filter is a well-known and celebrated data assimilation algorithm. It is of particular relevance as it used for high-dimensional problems, by updating an ensemble of particles through a sample mean and covariance matrices. In this chapter we present a relatively recent topic which is the application of the EnKF to inverse problems, known as ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI). EKI is used for parameter estimation, which can be viewed as a black-box optimizer for PDE-constrained inverse problems. We present in this chapter a review of the discussed methodology, while presenting emerging and new areas of research, where numerical experiments are provided on numerous interesting models arising in geosciences and numerical weather prediction.


Twain is a chronicler of what he describes as an essentially wild West. Written a decade after the events, his textual transformation of a transforming territory is not devoid of nostalgia and Roughing It enters American literary tradition while at the same time, contributing by its innovations to the transformation of that society. This paper starts by considering the humorous confrontation between tradition and modernity before analyzing the extent to which what was then called "salting" (lying) was a key ingredient in the transformation of the territory, as well as in the construction of the country's identity and tradition. It eventually probes Twain's essentially nostalgic outlook on the transformation of America.


Korean Traditional Jangryu products, such as Cheonggukjang, Deonjang, Gochujang, and Jangajji, can harbour foodborne pathogens such as Bacillus cereus sensu lato. Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming foodborne pathogen responsible for diarrheal and emetic types of food poisoning. Foodborne intoxicatio...


This comment on Brian Langille's article agrees with Langille's claim that inter-state competition should not be viewed as the main challenge to the global efforts to regulate labor rights. The comment suggests, however, that there is another type of competition that poses a challenge, namely a transnational competition which takes place among sub-state actors. Focusing on this "transnational conflict paradigm," the ILO has the tools to engage domestic constituencies in an effort to promote labor rights within the respective member states.


EMI(Electro Magnetic Interference)is a main issue in modern circuit industry.The circuit designers have to remove interference source in order to overcome interference or try their best to protect circuit.All purposes are that make circuit can work as prospective target---achieve EMI standard.The paper will discuss common PCB layout rule in order to enhance board's EMC level.


The problem of localization of partial discharges in the bushings of the transformers is reviewed. The main methodological and metrological difficulties of the diagnostics of insulating constructions with the help of partial discharges registration are given. Frequency spectrums of impulses and experimental dependence of impulse characteristics on the place of defect are shown. The frequency and amplitude attenuation of impulse in a power cable is demonstrated. The forms of impulse in the bushing and in the power cable are compared.


The temperature-dependent mass diffusion coefficient is computed using transition state theory. Ab initio supercell phonon calculations of the entire system provide the attempt frequency, the activation enthalpy, and the activation entropy as a function of temperature. Effects due to thermal lattice expansion are included and found to be significant. Numerical results for the case of hydrogen in nickel demonstrate a strong temperature dependence of the migration enthalpy and entropy. Trapping in local minima along the diffusion path has a pronounced effect especially at low temperatures. The computed diffusion coefficients with and without trapping bracket the available experimental values over the entire temperature range between 0 and 1400 K.


(LE) Its is to empower law students the professional linguistic to achieve persuasiveness and critical thinking required in a cross-cultural legal context. Although the report details the different steps of the course as well as assessment procedures, it also the small number of students per class (up to ten students per group), which will make it harder for teachers to develop similar courses especially in current university working conditions. N. Stojkovi ć , there are three phases of instruction that are presented in full: first of all, an introduction to the legal knowledge necessary to understand future instructions; a presentation of basic rhetorical structures of Academic English used as of written rhetorical logic; identification of generic rhetorical moves and linguistic structures inherent to various legal genres such as appeal court case reports. Stojkovi presents the different steps followed by Lecturer to help students first formulate an informative precise title to summarize the case under consideration (for example, by getting rid of unnecessary words), then gradually produce an argumentative essay on the studied case. point I would like to make about the course described is that the report should have started with an earlier detailed presentation of the final taks(s) expected from the students so as to anchor the objective into real practical Two central aspects of this report are nonetheless worth mentioning. On the one hand, N. Stojkovi ć insists on the shift from content focus to communicative focus during classes by submitting a series of guided open questions. These questions are presented as a way to assist students to express their arguments about a case, their certainty and predictions about it, and to clarify their views and anticipate potential counter-arguments. It is true that organizing one's own persuasive arguments requires the ability to predict the possible outcomes of the case arising out of the known facts and existing case law. However, it seems that the report does not provide sufficient question models to help other teachers to implement the same methodological approach. A list of relevant progressive questions asked by Lecturer and applied to several actual cases and legal contexts would have been more beneficial to develop similar classes. On the other hand, the author makes a significant point by arguing how syntax has to work at the service of persuasion. The numerous examples of sentences provided in the last part of the report aptly demonstrate the importance of syntactic dynamics of end-focus and explain, for instance, where to place the subject to make it carry the highest persuasive charge. three-tier from legal knowledge to rhetoric logical structures and discursive strategies.


This study aims to see reports on the results of examinations, non-compliance with SPI, non-compliance with laws and follow-up checks that affect or not on the financial performance of local governments. We need to do this because there are many recent events related to the capture of local government organizers in relation to the financial management of local governments. This study uses a population of all Local Governments in the South Sumatra Province. Regional Governments consist of Provinces, Regencies, and Cities. The number of Regional Governments is 18 Regional Governments. By using secondary data in the form of financial statements consisting of budget realization reports, balance sheets, cash flow reports researchers examine the independent variables and dependent variables using multiple regression techniques. The data is a panel of data for 3 years from 2014, 2015 and 2016. The results of the research found are that the research model is feasible to use, the general influence of independent variables on the dependent variable is not strong (weak). The direction of the relationship is in the opposite direction. Thus the alternative hypothesis is rejected and the null hypothesis is accepted.


BACKGROUND: With increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, it has become one of the common comorbidities among breast cancer patients. Few contemporary studies have examined the effect of preexisting diabetes on survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, both breast cancer mortality and diabetes prevalence are higher in African American women compared to Caucasian women, yet data on whether diabetes can explain racial disparity in breast cancer mortality is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinopathological characteristics and survival outcomes between breast cancer patients with and without co-existing diabetes, and to explore the contribution of diabetes to breast cancer survival differences between African Americans and Caucasians. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Chicago Multiethnic Epidemiologic Breast Cancer Cohort (ChiMEC) comprising of 3170 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2017. The cohort consists of 55% Caucasians, 38% African Americans, and 7% other ethnicities. Cox models were used to analyze data on several clinical outcomes. RESULTS: 245 patients (8%) in the cohort had co-existing diabetes at time of breast cancer diagnosis, with African Americans having highest prevalence (14%). Patients with diabetes were older (mean 66 vs. 56 years old) and had higher proportion of obesity (67% vs. 34%) and Charlson comorbidity index >2 (27% vs. 10%) than those without diabetes. The two groups were similar in terms of surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy received, while patients with diabetes had slightly more advanced stage (15% vs. 10%). After adjusting for multiple prognostic factors, patients with diabetes had a 97% higher risk of dying from breast cancer and a 62% fold higher risk dying from other causes than patients without diabetes (Table). The two groups had no significant difference in risk of recurrence. In addition, the hazard ratio (HR) comparing African Americans with Caucasians was 2.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.90-2.91), and it changed to 2.19 (95% CI 1.76-2.33) after the adjustment for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing diabetes among breast cancer patients was associated with higher risk of breast cancer specific and all-cause mortality. About 11% of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality could be attributed to higher difference in diabetes prevalence in African American patients. Further research investigating how pre-existing diabetes may influence breast cancer treatment and survival are warranted. Citation Format: Neerukonda AR, Olopade OI, Huang E, Huo D. Type 2 diabetes and survival outcomes among a multi-ethnic cohort of breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-05.


Spontaneous copolymerization of medioxallene with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanhoquinodimethane (TCNQ) was carried out. The obtained copolymer mainly consisted of 2,3-polymerized methoxyallene units and TCNQ. The copolymer composition was 1:1 irrespective of the monomer feed ratios, suggesting that an alternating copolymerization occurred. UV-Vis and ESR spectroscopic studies supported that the active species of the copolymerization was a zwitterion generated through a single electron transfer reactions from methoxyallene to TCNQ.


To a programmer on the job, blindness is fundamentall y a problem in information transfer. Sight, the informatio n transfer sense most people depend on so heavily, is denied. Of the senses left, only hearing and touch provide any useful means of quantitative input to the person. You may feel that the computer is a very useful tool i n compiling, organizing, and transfering information. That i s correct. You may think that like any other computer proble m this one needs sound analysis. That is correct. You may suspect that this isn't done very often. That is also correct . If you were correct all three times, you're a n expert. Programmers are constantly developing tools to hel p their, in their work. The cost effectiveness of the entir e data processing industry depends on programmers who can produce work faster and more accurately over time because o f the tools they have built themselves. In general, bette r tools used more effectively lead to more productive programmers . There is, however, a very strong bias to design thos e tools in favor of a person who can see to use them. Ful l screen program editors are an excellent example. They provide a lot of information in a hurry to the person who ca n see and be very selective about which of the 1920 character s being displayed are worth looking at. Designing software s o a blind programmer can use them, as I've learned, require s special attention. Start by getting at least a vague idea of what it mean s to be blind. This doesn't mean wearing a blindfold. Depriving yourself of sight creates more of a handicap fo r you than it does for a person who has had a long time t o adjust to it. You do need to realize, however, that th e means for verifying code as you key it, reading code onc e written, and modifying it once bugs are found, have t o depend on what can be either touched or heard. To a certain extent hardware has recognized this. The Optacon makes it possible to read conventional text by usin g a camera to produce the shape of letters on the surface of a set of vibrating pins. This takes practice, determination , and time, but it does work. I've used an Optacon trying t o read …


Tourism has often been defined as a linear "way of seeing", where tourists gaze upon the world in order to consume it as a tourism product. It is now largely understood that "the Gaze" is more complex and overarching, comprising of diverse "gazers" and "gazees". This paper adopts a Sartrean perspective through building on the concept of "being-for-others", where human consciousness is brought to light through being gazed upon by an outstander. Accordingly, this research aims at understanding the lived experience of tourists of being exposed to the Local Gaze as a "being-for-others". An emic perspective is adopted through a methodology and method underpinned in the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology. Eight participants were recruited through experience-based, purposive sampling and interviewed in-depth. Findings show that the look of the Other increases tourists' self-awareness and reflection, confronting them with the existential question of being in the world. This results in a struggle of meaning making through the Sartrean concepts of sadism, masochism and indifference, which makes authentic relationship between the tourist and the toured ephemeral at best.


Despite ubiquitous in strategy and related fields, the concept of competitive advantage continues to be under debate in the academy still lacking a precise and widely accepted definition. A manifestation of this situation is the current debate about its philosophical grounds, and the questioning of its own existence. This paper offers a constitutive definition that allows an operationalization of the concept and the development of metric for the competitive advantage. This metric is applied to a sample of 2,805 firms in 16 countries, with a total of 13,259 observations. The analysis indicates the occurrence of competitive advantage in 10% to 12% of the firms with a similar percentage showing a competitive disadvantage. It demonstrates that the occurrence of competitive advantage is not a rare event. A statistical test is proposed to verify its statistical significance.


FOR MANY YEARS, carrier telephone systems utilizing single- or double-side-band amplitude modulation have been applied to balanced pairs in telephone cables or to open-wire pairs.


It is therefore the purpose of this paper to examine the effect of such bracing on the load distribution of a two-girder and multigirder system when a crack develops in one of the girders.


The rise of Asia represents a seminal turning point in history. Indeed, the next age of globalization could ultimately belong to Asia, reflected by a significant transfer of economic power. As a consequence of Asia's rise on the global economic map, it has necessitated greater interconnection within, and with, the outside world. This development of interconnection is taking place between nations as well as across regions and sub-regions in Asia. We are witnessing emerging corridors and several regional integration initiatives aimed at linking economic agents within a country or across regions by providing connection between economic nodes or hubs where economic resources and actors are concentrated. The objectives of such proposals are to strengthen regional integration and inclusive growth by bringing in lagging regions into the growth process. The book under review is a wonderful tribute to Dr M Rahmatullah who relentlessly championed the cause of multimodal connectivity in South Asia, and also seamless movement of goods across all of Asia. His seminal contributions had put connectivity as central to economic prosperity and regional economic integration in the region. The editors De and Rahman have done a remarkable job by bringing together eminent experts contributing a wide range of issues relating to regional integration.


Speakers include: A. Voller, S. Avrameas, M. Pesce, A. Johannsson, P. Larson, N. Adkinson, S. Chantler, R. Urbanek, R. Coombs, S. Woodhead, R. Aalberse, B. Goodwin, R. Callard, B. Underdown and R. Ekins. Topics to be discussed: novel assays, amplified systems, capture assays, IgG sub-class assays, microbial antibody assays, chemiluminescent, pulsed light and time resolved assays, and in vitro antibody assays. Papers are invited for five workshops (deadline for abstracts is 5 April 1985). (i) Subclass antibody assays, (ii) Monoclonal antibodies, (iii) ELISA in virology and microbiology, (vi) Quantitation and theoretical aspects, (v) Amplification and alternative detection systems. Fee: £30.00 (inclusive of refreshments). Applications to Dr D.M. Kemeny and Dr S.J. Challacombe, Department of Medicine, Guy's Hospital Medical School, 4th Floor, Hunts House, London SEl 9RT. (Tel.: 01-407-7600 ext. 3523).


This brief describes the design and implementation of a current-combining power amplifier (PA) with a fully adaptive approach to enhance the output power and the back-off power added efficiency (PAE). The PA consists of a main amplifier and an auxiliary amplifier. Adaptive biasing technique is employed to shut down or provide optimum bias voltage to the auxiliary amplifier according to the input power level. The 50-Ω input matching is realized with adaptive power distribution. The output load modulation is accomplished by a compact output matching network (MN) using transmission lines and transformers. Based on the same MN, the back-off PAE degradation caused by the low output impedance of the auxiliary path is mitigated. The proposed PA is designed at 60 GHz using 65-nm CMOS and is experimentally characterized. The measurement results reveal 16-dBm OP1dB and 14% peak PAE. Approximately 8% PAE at 6-dB back-off is achieved, addressing improved back-off efficiency.


Evidence of horseshoe kidney in Indian population is 1 in 600-800 individuals. Horseshoe kidney is predisposed to complications by virtue of its ectopic position, malrotation and associated vascular and ureteral anomalies. Incidence of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in a horseshoe kidney is same as that in general population. Other pelvic tumours, transitional tumours, Wilms tumour and carcinoids show a greater frequency. High grade urothelial carcinomas are quite rare with a few case reports available. An index case of 75 yeal old male presented with renal mass in an incidentally diagnosed horseshoe kidney on radiologic imaging. The case has been highlighted due to its poorly differentiated tumour morphology and aggressive nature. Further, immunohistochemistry was done to arrive at a correct diagnosis for appropriate treatment. The tumour cells showed positivity for Cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) and CK 5/6. They were negative for p63, PAX-8 (Paired-box gene 8). Also, it is technically difficult to excise large-sized renal mass in an anomalous kidney.


Speaking is regarded as an indicator of language proficiency in general. It is believed that a learner who can speak a particular language fluently is regarded as a proficient learner of that language. In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the English language is taken as a foreign language and taught from primary level to university level as a compulsory subject but Saudi students at schools and universities face many difficulties in speaking English fluently. Even after completing their graduate degree, some of them could not speak a little bit of English. This study tries to explore the difficulties faced by undergraduate level students and the possible causes of their difficulties in speaking skills. This is an empirical qualitative study in which the researcher adopted a questionnaire and semi-structured interview to collect data from 15 undergraduate level students studying at the Arts and Sciences College in Sharorah. The collected data were thermalized. This article analyzed the causes that make the students difficult to communicate in English and suggest some solutions that can overcome the difficulties. In this background, Descriptive nature of this present paper highlights the difficulties faced by college student in speaking English – a sociological reflection. Result revealed that student use English more frequent only inside the class and less frequent outside the class. Whereas, students" have limited time to learn English in class, and they still do not have enough encouragement to practice English outside the class in order to get familiar with English. Next, the Environment was the leading cause for the problems in learning English. Lack of reading habit and listening tends to challenge several problems in learning English. Recommendations in the light of findings are also discussed in this article. It also analyzed in terms of two broad categories: Difficulties and causes with four/four subcategories of the broad themes. The study explored mainly: personal, social, environmental, and linguistic problems for speaking difficulties and teacher and teaching, course content, overuse of mother tongue and classroom culture as the causal factors of speaking deficiency. The study suggested creating changing teaching practices, creating more speaking activities. finishes the class"[S12]. According to adult learning perspectives, learners' experiences and their participation in teaching and learning should be maximized to bring change in teaching and learning (Knowles et al., 2005). The study explored that teachers follow traditional methods of teaching even in the 21st century without considering the role of learners in making teaching and learning more effective.


The requirements and demands of the trans-European transport network (TEN) are becoming increasingly significant in European countries, but also at the same time more expensive and increasingly challenged to improve mobility, safety, and productivity. The issues tackled in this paper revolve around developing a pragmatic set of performance indicators that will provide a cost effective and acceptable basis upon which policy is measured and efficient allocation of resources is determined. The paper presents the approach and progress of an ongoing project "INDICATORS", commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate General for Energy and Transport to the consortium of TRL, DHV, Dorsch Consult and ISIS, to specify a consistent and permanent performance monitoring mechanism to evaluate the trans-European infrastructure and traffic taking into account national and European-wide technical, institutional, legal and contractual aspects. This performance monitoring framework would constitute an important basis for the European Commission and national European administrations for planning, funding, prioritising, and developing/upgrading the Trans-European transport network of the EU Member States and Candidate countries. The paper presents the interim results of an integrated 5-stage approach for the development of reliable and consistent transportation performance indicators across all modes, sectors, and EU countries including Candidate countries for Accession. The paper concludes with the specifications and recommendations for a consistent and commonly-accepted evaluation system to monitor the performance of the trans-European transport network and its components in response to national and European requirements. For the covering abstract see ITRD E115303.


Published reports pertaining to fatigue tests of welded and mechanical splices in reinforcing bars were reviewed. It was observed that most specimens fractured in the reinforcing bar adjacent to or close to the end of the splice, rather than in the splice itself. The fatigue life of some splice specimens was less than the design fatigue life of an otherwise identical unspliced bar.


A theoretical study on laminar heat transfer from a disk rotating in uniform forced stream was carried out for the fluid of any Prandtl number in the case when the surface temperature difference is expressed by the quadratic relation : tω-t∞=ao+a2r2. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The asymptotic solutions for Pr→o and Pr→∞ have an appropriate accuracy in Pr 100. (2) The effect of radial heat conduction in a fluid of low Prandtl number was analized in the case of pure quadratic disk temperature, i.e. tω-t∞=a2r2 and a criterion that the effects of radial heat conduction on the heat transfer coefficient reach 5% was established. According to this criterion, when the ratio of axial stream velocity to rotating velocity of a disk is larger than 0.25, the effect of radial heat conduction in Pr=0.01 may be negligible, even if the rotating Reynolds number decreases to the order of Rewr=r2ω/νc103.


This study deals with the parameter estimation in long-memory time series models. An unbiased and consistent estimator is proposed. The proposed estimator is based on a least-squares method in the frequency domain, and it is computationally simple. Also, the Cramer–Rao lower bound is derived. The mean-square error of the proposed estimator is order of O(1/N), where N is the number of samples. The accuracy of the estimates is verified using synthetic long-memory time series data.


The author consults the literature on volunteer-service,public management and no-profit organizations,and asks the helps for the experts and scholars.The author makes conclusions:As the Beijing Olympic Game in 2008 will come,it should enlarge the resources of mass sports that include sports-volunteers,and use the model of no-profit organizations management.And we should carry out the systems of institutionary and professional in training sports-volunteers,especially to the students who are still in schools,we should encourage them to take part in volunteers service practices,and to strengthen their responsibility of society.


Objective Study effect and reliability of the whole body thermo-chemotherapy (WBTCT) for advanced malignant tumor. Methods Use TEMET 1000 to treat 15 patients with advanced malignant tumor under general anesthesia. All patients had been treated by Thermo-therapy to whole body, and injection of DDP/5-FU during the stable period with body temperature 42-42.5℃. Evaluate the effect by clinical observ ation and by follow-up. Results The curative effects are 84.6% (11/13) relieving pain, 56.7% inhibition tumor cell (PR+SD), 66.7% stationary phase of rumors in half year and 41.7% in one year. The 6 months, 1 year, 1 year and 6 months survival rate are 85.7%(12/14), 72.7%(8/ll), 60.0%(6/10), respectively, and especially, one part of the patients' tumors were extinction. Conclusion WBTCT is a safe and effective method and will bring a new hope for the advanced malignant tumor patients.


A 73-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department with progressive dyspnea lasting for about one month. The patient had systemic arterial hypertension for 10 years. During initial physical examination, pulse rate was 90/minute (arrhythmic), systolic blood pressure was 100 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 70 mmHg, body temperature was 36.9 C and respiration rate was 25/minute. Third heart sound and pansystolic murmur (3/6 at left sternal border of forth intercostal space) were present at cardiac auscultation. In addition, there were rales in the base of lungs and jugular venous distention bilaterally. Electrocardiography revealed atrial fibrillation with ventricular rate of 100/minute, incomplete right bundle branch block and right axis deviation. There was an increased cardiothoracic ratio on teleradiography. In order to evaluate those cardiac findings, a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed. There were normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function and dimensions, LV hypertrophy (septal thickness=14 mm, posterior wall thickness=14 mm), LV diastolic dysfunction (grade I) and mildly enlarged left atrium. Important findings of TTE were found to be present in right heart chambers. There were increased systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (60 mmHg), enlarged main pulmonary artery (diameter=40 mm) and severe tricuspid regurgitation. Right atrium and right ventricle were both dilated. Contractions of right ventricular walls were hypokinetic. The most important finding was in the right atrium. There was a huge, free-floating thrombus moving through right ventricle during each cardiac cycle (Fig. 1, 2; Video 1. See corresponding video/movie images at www.anakarder.com). However, an unexpected event occurred at the end of the echocardiographic examination. That big and mobile thrombus suddenly embolized totally to pulmonary artery. The clinical condition of the patient became worse due to acute massive pulmonary embolism and he fell in comatose state with cyanosis. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase was immediately started at coronary intensive care unit but the patient did not respond. Cardiopulmonary arrest occurred and the patient was lost. Right-sided cardiac thrombi are not as frequently seen as left-sided ones (1). However, they can cause serious clinical consequences such as paradoxical embolism or massive pulmonary embolism, like in our case (2). Management strategies include fibrinolysis, anticoagulation or surgery (thromboembolectomy) (3).


Objective: Studies on condition of anomeric conversion of β - epimer to α - epimer of dihydroartemisi-nin. Methods: An optioned HPLC condition has developed for separation of the epimers, column; Kromasil C18 (250 mm ×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) ; mobile phase: CH3CN-H2O (80:20), flow rate: 1.0mL·min-1, detector wavelength; 216 nm, injection volume; 20 μL. The epimers were further confirmed by LC/MS, LC/NMR. LC/MS: ESI, SCAN: 50 -1 000 m/z, gas atomspher: N2 ( 10 L · min-1), temperature: 350 ℃, power pressure: 4 000 V. LC/NMR: 500 MHz, solvent: methanol. Results: Dihydroartemisinin has a process of anomeric conversion from the β - epimer to α - epimer in organic solvent and the balance of α, β - anomeric conversion was made. Conclusion: The conversion situation and process of α - and β - epimers were suggested for chiral separation of dihydroartemisinin.


Let R = F{x,, . . ., xk} be an affine semiprime p.i. ring, Krull-dim(R) = 2 and F a central subfield. It is proved that R is noetherian iff R is a left (right) finite module over a commutative affine subring. Introduction. In [C] and later in [Sch] examples were given (for the first time) of prime affine Noetherian p.i. rings which are not finite modules over their centers. The common feature that both examples share is that they are finite modules over a commutative Noetherian subring. Also, both examples are of Krull dimension 2. We show here that this is not accidental. Indeed we have the following THEOREM. Let R = F{x1, ... , Xk} be a semiprime affine p.i. ring, k* d(R) = 2. Then R is noetherian iff R is a finite left (right) module over a commutative affine (hence noetherian) subring. For notations we follow [P]. Also by NR(I) we denote the nilradical of the ideal I of R. T(R) will denote the "trace envelope" of R (e.g., [B]), k * d(R) will denote the classical Krull dimension of R, and hR(I) will denote the height of the ideal I in R. LEMMA 1. Let R = F{x, ... , Xk} be a semiprime affine p.i. ring with k d(R) = 1. Then R is a finite module over its center. PROOF. Let P1, . .. , P1 be the minimal prime ideals in R; we have n',. 1 Pi = {O}. Let R.-R/P, for i = 1, ..., 1. Then R, is a finite module over its center Z, [S, Sch]. We have that nfi, P. + P,/ Pi--nji P.O& 0 in A for i = 1, . . ., 1. By Noether's normalization theorem, [N] there exists di E nfl , Pj n Zi such that Z, is integral over F[ di] for i = 1, . . ., 1 (if k. d(R,) = 0 we take a, = 1). Let P: R -R1 ED R2 ED ... ED R, denote the obvious inclusion with v(x) = x-l .. **.*x where x-i denotes the canonical image of x in R.. Let a, E njli Pj be a preimage of di in R, i = 1, . .. , 1; then v(a,) = a, and v(a,) E Zi C Z(R1 *... *RI). Thus F[P(a) ... , (a1)] is a central subring of R1 D .. . *DRI. Moreover Z1 *... EZI = Z(R1 E *... * *R) is integral over F[v(a1), . .., (a)] and consequently v(R) C R1 *... E *Ris a finite module over v(F[al,.. ., a]). Q.E.D. Let R be a semiprime affine p.l. ring with minimal prime ideals P1, . . ., Pk. Assume that p.i.d(Pj) = n, for i, 1 + I n2 > *** > n,, i, = k. Let Q, =fn 1 P;, t = 1, . . . , 1. By [A] there exists a Received by the editors September 11, 1980. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification Primary 16A38; Secondary 16A33. ? 1981 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/81/0000-0551/ $01.75 670 This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 05:32:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms NOETHERLAN P. I. RINGS 671 central alternating polynomial a, of n, x n, matrices with the following properties: (a) If a1 = a,[X1, . *. , X,, YI,***, Yj] then given r E R/Q, we have aj1bj,..., b , , d d,dS]*c(r-) = a=[f,.. .,fm, d1 ..., ds] where the b,'s, d,'s and fi's are in R/ Q, and c(F) is the ith coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of F. (b) If e= ab, . . ., b, dl, . . . , ds] then (er)k + yl(erF)k1 + * * Yk = ? where y,, i = 1, . . ., k, are evaluations of a, in R/Q,. LEMMA 2. Let J1 = {x E R|x is an evaluation of a, with elements in nj t + 1. Finally, (iv) is a trivial consequence of (iii). We now prove our main result: THEOREM. Let R = F{x, ... , xsj be a semiprime affine p.i. ring R and k * d(R) = 2. Then R is Noetherian iff R is a finite left (right) module over a commutative affine subring D. PROOF. We resume the notations of the previous paragraph. We have that R/Q1 ED ... $*R/QI is Noetherian since R is and, by [Schi, T T(R/QI) ED ... ED T(R/ Q1) is integral over the former ring. Let v denote the natural inclusion v: R/Q1 *... ETIR/Q1 -> T. We have by the previous remarks that v(2, J1R) is a two-sided ideal in T and NT (PJE R)} JR n (R) = NV(R) {( , JtR) Thus v(R) c T NJ(R){V(Yt JtR)} NT(C (t JtR)) and the inclusion is integral. Clearly, hz(7)(v(>2 J1)) > 1. By Noether's normalization theorem we have x, y with x, y E Z(T), x E Et v(J1)Z(T), and Z(T) is integral over F[x, y]. Thus, since


Abstract Glucose in 40 wt% aqueous solution was hydrogenated into sorbitol in a trickle-bed reactor over ruthenium catalysts supported on active charcoal pellets. The metal was loaded by cationic exchange or anionic adsorption. After reduction, ruthenium was under the form of 1-nm particles homogeneously distributed throughout the support. The reaction was conducted at 100°C under 8 MPa of hydrogen at 20 L h −1 flow rate. Conversion and selectivity to sorbitol were studied as a function of residence time. Whatever the mode of preparation, the catalysts give a total conversion of glucose with an initial specific activity of 1.1 mol h −1 g Ru −1 . The selectivity to sorbitol was higher than 99.2% at 100% conversion; however, the liquid flow rate should be adjusted very accurately because any increase in the residence time results in a loss of selectivity due to epimerization of sorbitol into mannitol. The catalyst activity was stable over several weeks and no leaching of ruthenium was detected.


Studies light emitting devices based on MEHPPV and then performed electrical characterization over these. It has been found that light emitting efficiency of basic PLED viz. ITO/ MEHPPV/AI can be improved if added a buffer layer of Lif in between polymer and Al. This increased efficiency can be attributed to the lowering of potential barrier at AI cathode due to the presence of LiF buffer layer. The device performance is also found to get improved by replacing monolayer of MEHPPV by bilayer of MEHPPV/AIq3. These improved characteristics can be attributed to balanced charge recombination caused at MEHPPV/AIq3 interface. Contents 1.Introduction. 2. Details of experimental techniques used. 3. Absorption and photoluminescence studies. 4. Current injection mechanism in monolayer devices. 5. Temperature and electric field dependences of hole mobility. 6. Carrier conduction mechanism. 7. Fabrication and operation of light emitting devices. 8. Major conclusions and Bibliography. Abstract Describes the definition of optical waveguide, classification of optical waveguide, basic three-layer optical waveguide structure 76 physical optic approach of the optical waveguide and ray optic approach, eigen value equation for the TE mode and TM mode. Electric field distribution in three-layer, selection of waveguide materials, different types of substrate materials, substrate cleaning etc have been discussed.Optimizes the various optical parameter such as refractive index, thickness, birefringes, transmission and absorbance spectra. The effect of the dye doping in the polymeric films have been studied. The mode filteration properties in four layer dye doped polymeric structures have been studied. The sensing properties in polymeric waveguides have been studied using methyl red doped with polystyrene and bromocreesol purple doped with SAN films. The various waveguiding parameters of three different negative photoresist materials, namely-HNR80, HNR120 and 450 were optimized. Contents 1. Waveguides in integrated optics. 2. Optical wavegudie theory and experimental techniques. 3. Dye doped polymeric wavegudie 4. Fabrication and characterization of dye-doped polymeric mode filter 5. Planar optical waveguides as ph sensors. 6. Photoresist based wavegudies. 7. Conculusion and Bibliography. Abstract Studies the nonlinear propagation of two laser beams; beat wave excitation and particle acceleration when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinerarities are operative. The effect of a relativistically intense gaussian laser pulse, on the propagation of electron plasma wave is studied. Derives the dynamical equation for the pump laser beam when these two nonlinearities are operative. The solution of pump laser beam has been obtained within the paraxial ray approximation. Filamentary structures of the laser beam are observed. …


This paper is devoted to give white noise functional solutions for stochastic cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. Abundant exact travelling wave solutions for Wick-type generalized stochastic Klein-Gordon equation are obtained. By using white noise analysis, Hermite transform, modified Riccati equation and modified tanh-coth method many exact travelling wave solutions are given. Detailed computations and implemented examples for the investi- gated model are explicitly provided.


Galled trees are a class of tree-like phylogenetic networks in which the loops are not overlapping with each other. They are popularly used among biologists to represent the evolutionary history between a set of species. In this paper, we propose a compact encoding for the structure of a galled tree, and show that with our encoding, the tree containment problem on a galled tree can be solved in optimal time.


There are many reasons about the construction stagnation of the rural political civilization.Seen from the angle of rule by law,the main reason is that the fulllessness of market economy development lead to the poverty of current soil of rule by law needed by political civilization,which makes our rural political civilization lack of powerful precursor and great impulse.The second reason is that the worship to rule by man in traditional culture lead to the lack of cultural deposit of rule by law needed in the construction of political civilization,and political civilization is lack of the cooperation of soft environment.The third one is that the weakness of consciousness and the lowness of abilities that the rural basic administrators manage according to law,which lead to the internal guarantee slack of the construction of political civilization.