-The distribution of 15 species of small mammals was studied along a 160 km transect in southwestern Utah. The transect followed an elevational gradient and incorporated five community types. Ordination analysis revealed that abundance and distribution of certain small mammal species were influenced by topographic features (Hurricane Cliffs) and vegetational characteristics. The influence of physical and environmental factors on the distribution and abundance of small mammals in the southwestern United States has been well documented by numerous investigators (Hardy, 1945; Durrant, 1952; Allred and Beck, 1963; Armstrong et al., 1973; Beatley, 1976; Armstrong, 1977a). The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution of small mammals as it relates to elevation and vegetation. We have chosen southwestern Utah for the following reasons: 1) Durrant (1952) and later Armstrong (1977a) subdivided this region into two major faunal areas as a result of mammal distribution and changes in physiography; 2) elevation varies from approximately 1950 m to 700 m over a distance of 160 km; 3) vegetational changes accompany elevational changes in this region; 4) presently, this region is being scrutinized for possible industrial development. STUDY AREA.-Eleven sampling stations for vegetation and small mammals were established in representative habitats along a 160 km transect in southwestern Utah (Fig. 1). The stations follow an elevational gradient from north of Kanab to the St. George Basin to the Nevada border. This region is located in a transition area of the Great Basin and Mojave deserts, in the Virgin River Valley Province as recognized by Durrant (1952) and Armstrong (1977a). The area is characterized by a rugged landscape with two major topographic features, the Hurricane Cliffs and the Beaverdam Mountains. The Hurricane Cliffs were formed by a major fault and rise approximately 400 m above the adjacent western areas of the St. George Basin. The Beaverdam Mountains rise approximately 2000 m and form a north-south barrier along the western edge of Utah. The study area encompasses five community types: pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, shadscale, blackbrush, creosote bush. The general distribution of these community types can be correlated directly with topography (see Results). METHODS. Vegetational analyses and small mammal studies were conducted at each sampling area during February, April, and August 1975. Vegetational sampling was designed to determine plant associations and dominant plant species at each site. Since the main goal was to determine small mammal occurrence along the transect, the three sampling periods were pooled for further analysis. Trees and shrubs were sampled using the point-centered quarter method of Cottam and Curtis (1956). Annual and perennial herbaceous vegetation was sampled using 25 0.9 m by 0.9 m quadrats placed at 3-m intervals along five parallel 15-m tape lines spaced 20 paces apart. Canopy-coverage for herbaceous vegetation was estimated for each species present in the quadrant. These estimates were made according to six cover classes: 0 5, 5 25, 25 50, 75 95, and 95 100%. An average cover value was calculated using the midpoint percentage value of each covering class. Estimates of percent cover of herbaceous plants and density/hectare were calculated for all stations except station 7, where the relative density of plant species and total cover were calculated. This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Mon, 10 Oct 2016 04:24:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Southwestern Naturalist


5. Heeschen C, Jang JJ, Weis M, et al. Nicotine stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth and atherosclerosis. Nat Med 2001;7:833–839. 6. Heeschen C, Weis M, Aicher A, et al. A novel angiogenic pathway mediated by non-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Clin Invest 2002;110:527–536. 7. Momi N, Ponnusamy MP, Kaur S, et al. Nicotine/cigarette smoke promotes metastasis of pancreatic cancer through alpha7nAChR-mediated MUC4 upregulation. Oncogene 2013;32:1384–1395. 8. Hermann PC, Sancho P, Cañamero M, et al. Nicotine promotes initiation and progression of KRAS-induced pancreatic cancer via Gata6-dependent dedifferentiation of acinar cells in mice. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:1119–1133. 9. Dey P, Rachagani S, Vaz AP, et al. PD2/Paf1 depletion in pancreatic acinar cells promotes acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Oncotarget 2014;5:4480–4491. 10. Grippo PJ, Nowlin PS, Demeure MJ, et al. Preinvasive pancreatic neoplasia of ductal phenotype induced by acinar cell targeting of mutant Kras in transgenic mice. Cancer Res 2003;63:2016–2019. 11. Martinelli P, Canamero M, del Pozo N, et al. Gata6 is required for complete acinar differentiation and maintenance of the exocrine pancreas in adult mice. Gut 2013;62:1481–1488. 12. Direnzo D, Hess DA, Damsz B, et al. Induced Mist1 expression promotes remodeling of mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2012;143:469–480. 13. Kopp JL, von Figura G, Mayes E, et al. Identification of Sox9-dependent acinar-to-ductal reprogramming as the principal mechanism for initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2012;22:737–750. 14. Smith KN, Singh AM, Dalton S. Myc represses primitive endoderm differentiation in pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2010;7:343–354. 15. Evans JM, Donnelly LA, Emslie-Smith AM, et al. Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. BMJ 2005;330:1304–1305. 16. Lonardo E, Cioffi M, Sancho P, et al. Metformin targets the metabolic Achilles heel of human pancreatic cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2013;8:e76518.


The key issue for all cancer screening efforts is: does screening improve survival? If a screening approach for a particular cancer is found not to improve survival then screening cannot be recommended. Other screening approaches must be found. In many types of cancer, screening with presently available tools simply has not been found effective and therefore is not recommended. For colon, breast, cervical, prostate, and melanoma, however, screening has been found to improve survival in the general population and is therefore recommended. For each of these, however, caveats have arisen as screening efforts have been applied. For example, there are differing ages to begin and end for each, and annual prostate specific antigen for prostate cancer is no longer recommended as a general approach. Screening approaches in less common but higher risk populations are often even more effective than those for the general population. This is particularly true for colon, breast, and melanoma cancers in which inherited genetic syndromes have been identified and genetic testing can be done for diagnosis. Those thereby found to have one of the inherited conditions should be involved in specifically tailored screening strategies to maximize cancer prevention and mortality reduction. The study in this volume by Koskenvuo et al1 demonstrates that screening in those with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who are called up as known relatives of a proband with FAP improves survival at 20 years after diagnosis equivalent to that of the general population! This is a rather astounding finding considering the malignant potential of this disease. Without therapy the risk for colon cancer in FAP patients is 7% by age 21 years, 50% by age 39 years, and near 95% by age 50 years. Even with modern colon cancer therapies, survival after cancer diagnoses in FAP would be considerably lower compared with the general population. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that improved survival in FAP can be accomplished with screening. But this study is quite unique in that it finds that screening of the call-up group leads to a survival equivalent to a comparative general population at 20 years from the FAP diagnosis. It is uncertain how long this survival equivalence will persist, as serious problems related to rectal cancer and desmoid tumors in particular are known to be frequent causes of morbidity and mortality after colectomy. Nonetheless, the results of this study are incredibly important as they encourage attending physicians to be certain to have family members of a person known to have FAP notified and screened for colon cancer prevention. The findings can also be of substantial encouragement to persons and families with this condition with the knowledge that proper surveillance and therapy will allow survival similar to the general population for at least 20 years. But how does screening in call-up relatives of those with FAP improve survival? The first reason is intuitive. In a disease with such extreme colon cancer risks at young ages, identification of relatives, most of which will be younger than the proband, will allow premalignant screening and appropriately timed colectomy for most. Colon cancer is thereby prevented. This is clearly borne out in the findings of the present and other studies. The second reason may not be as obvious. When a registry effort promotes a call-up strategy for FAP relatives, those identified become part of that registry. They are made aware of all aspects of the disease. They learn appropriate prevention guidelines. And they in turn will often notify other relatives and further improve outcomes. They also will have regular communication with the registry that initiated the call-up for any questions concerning symptoms and/or management. Attending physicians outside the registry or center of excellence will likewise be made aware of management guidelines and will be in contact with that center when needed.


Indirect laryngoscopy, in the form of flexible fibrescopy remains the gold standard in the management of predicted difficult intubation. In the last decade, indirect laryngoscopy in the form of videolaryngoscopy has quickly gained popularity as a tool in the anaesthetists' armamentarium in difficult airway management. We describe a case of successful intubation in a difficult airway with the combination of both videolaryngoscopy and flexible fibrescopy when attempts with other commonly used techniques failed.


Trip internalization is one of the key determinants to achieve long-term sustainability of mixed-use developments and sufficient traffic concurrency. Underestimating the magnitude of internal captures diminishes the traffic benefit of mixed-use development and could cause undue impact fees and development costs to be incurred by developers for possibly unwarranted mitigations. On the contrary, overstating internal captures will eventually impose financial burden on government agencies to rectify deficient traffic mitigations using public funds or the public will suffer from more congestion otherwise. The uncertainty associated with internalization provokes constant debates among the competing interests, which need to be addressed to promote desirable mixed-use developments. This study focuses on developing a systematic methodology to more accurately estimate and predict trip internalization within mixed-use developments. Coupled with such accessibility measures as use-specific production/attraction trips and synergies in the gravity model for quantifying the internal trip distributions among uses, the Dirichlet-multinomial distributional model is embedded in the generalized linear model framework for estimation. In addition, the weighted entropy and external attraction variables are used to enhance the explanatory power for the site-dependent variation in trip internalization. The estimation results indicate that, except the distances among uses, all the parameters are statistically significant. The validation against cordon counts shows the overall internalization rates predicted from ten study sites were greatly enhanced to 84% accuracy based on R-square, with 4.6% root mean squared error (RMSE) and a slight overestimation (0.8%) on the average, a substantial improvement over the existing methodology.


Development of the apple scab fungus and concurrent host responses were followed by light microscopy in naturally infected apple leaves. The studies indicated that the infection of Venturia inaequalis evoked reduction of starch grains, intense cell division and accumulation of flavanols in the palisade cells and flavanol-rich boundary zones surrounding the scab lesions.


Microdialysis (MD) is a technique used to sample chemical events of extracellular fluid in vivo. In developed countries, it has been widely used in neurointensive care unit.We simply introduced patho- procedure of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH),and principle besides methodology of MD in this article. In addition,research,monitoring,and therapy of MD in HICH are reviewed.


Purposes is following; 1) Evaluate the effectiveness of inhalation hypertonic saline as a diagnostic tool. 2) The influence of nebulizers characterization (output, particle size) and concentration of hypertonic saline in bronchial reactivity. 3) The relationship between PD20 of hypertonic saline and clinical severity. 4) The relationship between other bronchial provocation test, namely, histamine challenge and exercise. Method With Monaghan 675, Timeter MP-500 and Devilbiss 100 ultrasonic nebulizer, 3.6% or 4. 5% saline were nebulized according to the protocol of Anderson. The each output of nebulizer, with the patient circuit attached, was 1.3m1/min, 2.6/min and 1.6/min. During the challenge test, the nebulizer output was kept constant, and the dose of saline increased by successively doubling the inhalation time as follws 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 minutes. FEV1.0 was measured after each dose. The next dose was then administrated immediately. The challenge was stopped when the FEV1.0 fell>20% when the highest dose of saline delivered. The total dose of the saline delivered to the inspiratory port was measored by weighning the nebulizer canister and the tubing before and after the challenge. The balance was calculated and used to construct the dose-response curve.


Abstract : The U.S. Navy has been evaluating Halon replacement agents and technologies for use onboard new construction platforms. After extensive research and development, the Navy selected HFP (heptafluoropropane, HFC-227ea, C3F7H) as the clean Halon replace HFP as do all other hydrofluorocarbons, provides limited compartment cooling and generates very large quantities of toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride (HF). The Water Spray Cooling System (WSCS), invented and patented by NRL, was designed to enhance the performance of gaseous total flooding fire suppression agents. The WSCS is a low-pressure overhead water spray system designed to operate at firemain pressure, e.g., 10.2 bar (150 psi). When used in conjunction with HFP, the WSCS expedites compartment reclamation by providing compartment cooling and significantly reducing HF. The WSCS concept was first explored on the ex-USS Shadwell. An evaluation of the WSCS concept was conducted as part of the Flammable Liquid Storeroom (FLSR) Halon Replacement Test Program. This report describes the initial work conducted in the 28 cu m (1,000 cu ft) FLSR 1 test compartment. Although the number of tests WSCS conducted was limited, the results clearly demonstrated the advantages provided by the WSCS.


The invention relates to the field of automatic control, in particular to a control method and control system of an excavator. The control system comprises a signal acquiring module, a signal processing module, a load identifying module and a power calculating module, wherein the signal acquiring module acquires engine rotating speed signals, main-pump pressure signals, main-pump flow signals and pilot pressure signals of the excavator; the signal processing module is connected with the signal acquiring module, and performs signal processing on the engine rotating speed signals, the main-pump pressure signals, the main-pump flow signals and the pilot pressure signals, so that main-pump pressure parameters, pilot pressure parameters and main-pump flow parameters are obtained; the load identifying module is connected with the signal processing module, determines whether the load of the excavator is heavy load or light load according to the main-pump pressure parameters and the pilot pressure parameters, and determines target power corresponding to the heavy load or the light load; the power calculating module is connected with the signal processing module, and determines the actual measured power of the excavator according to the main-pump pressure parameters and the main-pump flow parameters.


Part 1 Part 1: The Two-Register Theory Controversy Part 2 Part 2: The Two-Register Theory in Practice Part 3 Part 3: Contexts and Affinities Part 4 Part 4: Reid in Germany Part 5 Part 5: Scholarly and Pedagogical Autobiography


Abstract Diabetes is continuing to be a huge burden in India with more than 60 million people suffering from it. Managing the growing menace of diabetes, we need to establish proper system and strategy in place. Despite a wealth of literature on prevalence, reliable data on the registry of diabetes is lacking in most parts of the world including India. Without such data, the fight against diabetes is being driven in the dark. The current national or state initiatives in the collection of data are incongruent and call for a concerted approach to gather information and track progress. In this prospect, the initiative taken by Government of Puducherry in collaboration with Novo Nordisk Education Foundation is highly innovative as it ensures whole population coverage, introduction of unique identity for each people, automated data processing, and web-based information system along with effective diabetes management.


Purpose: To evaluated the effect of the intra-individual variation in the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in men without prostate cancer to decide on the requirement of a prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: Patients, aged between 50 and 80 years, were screened for prostate cancer or lower urinary tract symptoms at least 2 times within 3 months using PSA or free PSA measurements. Patients with an initial PSA level between 2.0 and 10.0ng/ml were included. Those with prostate cancer, urinary tract infection or 5-alpha reductase inhibitor medication were excluded. The coefficient of variation (CV) was evaluated in each PSA range. Results: The analysis included 139 patients, with a mean age 62.1 years. The level of free PSA was measured in 56 patients. The mean interval between the two PSA measurements was 36.6 days. The mean CVs for the total PSA and % free PSA were 21.5 and 22.2%, respectively. 20% of patients show a CV of more than 30%, implying a large variation. In our study, the 95% confidence interval of initial PSA levels between 3.0 and 4.9ng/ml included the PSA cut-off point (4.0ng/ml) in the visit results. Conclusions: The variation the PSA level was relatively small, but some patients showed a CV greater than 30%. Therefore, the intra-individual PSA variation should become part of interpreting the PSA test results, especially for men with a PSA value near the cut-off point. (Korean J Urol 2006;47:1284-1288) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ


Abstract This paper is a study of one component of the recent and contemporary circulation of cultural objects, the exhibition of Australian Aboriginal acrylic paintings in a French museum. The author argues that the recent emphases on 'appropriation ' and the primitivizing gaze ' are not sufficient to understand what happens when such objects circulate. To ask what does happen in circulation, at the sites of exhibition, is to ask how they are produced, inflected, and invoked in concrete institutional settings, which have distinctive histories, purposes, and structures of their own. The gazes' (representations) which are discussed in this French example are analyzed within the specific conditions of their production to show how such exhibitions and circulations of culture are produced in relationship to the requirements internal to museums to distinguish themselves from others, to respond to claims placed upon them by their own institutional settings.


This thesis first discusses the necessity of the inheritance and innovation of Lingnan traditional architectural culture, then analyzes the connotation of Lingnan traditional architectural culture and studies the inheritance of Lingnan traditional architectural culture in modern architectural design, and finally focuses on the integration of Lingnan traditional architectural culture into architectural design Innovative application methods. Through these approaches, Lingnan traditional architectural culture can be better inherited and innovated in architectural design, and it is hoped that it will have some practical guiding significance for the application of architectural designers in architectural design.


Summary

The post mortem heat production in beef at body temperature has been measured by observing the rise in temperature of the muscles M. semitendinosus and M. extensor carpi radialis when enclosed in an insulated container submerged in a water bath at 37°C. The variation with time of the muscle's radial temperature profile was measured using a multi-junction thermocouple probe and a data logger, and this enabled the heat loss to be calculated. The mean values obtained for the total heat production during rigor mortis were 6·4 kJ/kg for M. semitendinosus and 7·9 kJ/kg for M. extensor carpi radialis, these being equivalent to temperature rises of 1·8°C and 2·2°C respectively, in perfectly insulated muscles. The heat production per unit decrease in pH averaged 5·4 kJ/kg for M. semitendinosus and 6·8 kJ/kg for M. extensor carpi radialis. The rate of heat production reached a mean maximum level of 1·5 kj/kg hr, which was maintained until 4–5 hr post mortem before decreasing to zero. These results are in general conformity with calculations based on the known relations of glycogen, phosphocreatine and ATP.


The ultimate aims of our research are to i) offer a technical description of imitation behavior, ii) modelize imitation with other related factors to present an overall model where all important factors can be measurable, and iii) utilize the model to measure the impacts of imitation. Therefore, understanding the concept of imitation and other related concepts in order to properly characterize these concepts, and then building a conceptual model are the first steps toward achieving this aim. This paper will focus on i) the review of the literature on imitation and its limitation, ii) the understanding of the relationship between imitation and other related concepts, and iii) the resultant suggestions on a conceptual framework for analysis.


Grid is an IT (research) infrastructure for dynamic collecting, integrating and sharing distributed heterogeneous (research) resources connected by various (high-speed) networks. Many enterprises have been consolidating IT resources such as servers and storage into data centers in order to reduce the total cost of ownership. Middleware is key technology to make enabling integrated infrastructures work in coordinated manners.


I commend you for your endorsement of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) report calling for an international initiative to combat malaria through the development of artemisinin-based therapies. Two points about the ethics of such an initiative should be noted; one concerns the use of the most affordable means of prevention the other possible risks to a vulnerable group. As much as there is a need for a new antimalarial drug the need to make insecticide- treated bednets broadly available is essential. These are cheap but cost effective in combating transmission. Nets cost less than prophylactic drugs and can actually reduce the costs associated with providing a new category of drug to all in need of therapy. (excerpt)


Objective:To investigate the influence and mechanism of recombinant macrophage migration inhibitory factor(rMIF) on fibroblasts.Methods:After 100μg/L rMIF challenged for 6,12,24 and 48h,the culture supernants of MRC-5 fibroblasts were obtained and TGF-β1 protein was detected by ELISA.Then the cells were divided into two groups:the treated group was treated with rMIF(100μg/L,48h)and the control was without rMIF treatment The expression of collagen type ⅠmRNA was examined using RT-PCR analysis.The level of collagen type Ⅰ protein induced by rMIF was quantified by Western blotting analysis.Half an hour before 100μg/L rMIF challenged,Y27632 was added to the two groups.After challenged for 48h,total RNA and protein were extracted.Expression of collagen Ⅰ mRNA and protein were analyzed by means of RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results:After 100μg/L rMIF stimulation for 0h,6h,12h,24h or 48h,the concentration of TGF-β1 protein in culture supernants was observed no difference comparing with those of control(P0.05).After 100μg/L rMIF stimulation for 48h,the expression of collagen Ⅰ mRNA and protein increased in MRC-5 cells(All P0.01).Y27632 pretreatment prevented the increase(All P0.01).Conclusion:rMIF increased the collagen Ⅰ synthesis of MRC-5 cell and Rho-kinase regulates MIF-induced the synthesis.These results suggest that MIF may play important roles in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling.


This paper proposes adaptable Proportional plus Integral (PI) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for a Hybrid System consisting of a solar PV and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). A boost converter for stepping up the voltage to 400 V and a bidirectional buck/boost converter (BDDC) for charging and discharging of a battery are used. The battery gets charged when the BDDC is in buck mode. During night or during partial shading conditions, BESS operates with the BDDC in boost mode of operation. Stability analysis is performed for the system which ensures good stability margins. Cascaded PI controllers are used for controlling the DC link voltage. A charging circuit is used for buck or a boost mode of operation of BDDC. SMC is used for standalone mode of VSI and cascaded PI controller for grid mode of operation. The controllers work effectively for resistive, inductive and non-linear loads and also during dynamic changes of solar insolation and load variations. Both controllers are found to be good in tracking the reference voltages with less settling time of 1-2 % and steady state errors of less than 2%. The THD of the grid current is found to be 0.086%. The battery SOC is found to be reliable during both charging and discharging operations. Hence reliable power transfer is assured to the loads under all circumstances using these controllers and the control of the system is said to be adaptable.


Objectives The development and progression of alcoholic hepatitis are controlled by an extensive cytokine network which involves pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Genetic variations determining production of these cytokines have been described and the susceptibility to the disease may be determined by an imbalance in the expression of several candidate genes. Methods We have studied biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions (−308) and (−238) in the promoter region of the pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&agr;) and at positions (−1082) and (−592) in the promoter of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in 134 patients with severe biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis and 145 healthy subjects. Results The frequency distribution of isolated cytokine genotypes did not differ between the two groups. The combination of at least one A308 or A238 allele for TNF-&agr;, associated with a TNF-&agr; high-producer phenotype, and one A592 or A1082 allele for IL-10, associated with an IL-10 low-producer phenotype, was less frequent in patients (20.9 vs 33.8%, P=0.016, OR (95% CI)=0.52 (0.30–0.89)). The same combination in patients was associated with a higher risk of septic complications (32.5 vs 16.0%, P=0.031, OR (95% CI)=1.79 (1.07–6.00)) but not with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions We have not found any relationship between the isolated polymorphisms and the risk of alcoholic hepatitis. Moreover, the imbalance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses leading to high TNF-&agr; production and low IL-10 was uncommon in alcoholic hepatitis. However, patients with this particular genotype appeared more susceptible to severe septic complications.


Sumatra region is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Indonesia because it is lie on an active tectonic zone. In 2004 there is earthquake with a moment magnitude of 9.2 located on the coast with the distance 160 km in the west of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and triggering a tsunami. These events take a lot of casualties and material losses, especially in the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and North Sumatra. To minimize the impact of the earthquake disaster, a fundamental assessment of the earthquake hazard in the region is needed. Stages of research include the study of literature, collection and processing of seismic data, seismic source characterization and analysis of earthquake hazard by probabilistic methods (PSHA) used earthquake catalog from 1907 through 2014. The earthquake hazard represented by the value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Spectral Acceleration (SA) in the period of 0.2 and 1 second on bedrock that is presented in the form of a map with a return period of 2475 years and the earthquake hazard curves for the city of Medan and Banda Aceh.


This paperpresents anewwavepipeline design method forcombinational circuits with focus oncircuit speed optimization. Today's highspeed circuit andadvanced fabrication technology dic- tates delay uncertainty anextremely important issue incircuit design. Theproposed method seekaspeed optimization opportunity bytem- porally superimposing thedatawaves inthecircuit without creating anyspatial collision between adjacent datawaves, while conventional wavepipeline designs donotallow anytemporal superimposition be- tweenadjacent datawaves, whichmayresult inaserious speed loss ofthecircuit. Bythis intrinsic advantage oftheproposed method overconventional wavepipeline, theproposed newwavepipeline canachieve abetter clock cycle time(CCT)thanconventional wave pipeline. Theproposed newmethod issimulated andvalidated against ISCASbenchmark circuits. Theresults showthat thenewmethod can achieve overa48%performance enhancement onclock cycle time compared withtheconventional wavepipeline. Keywords -Wavepipeline, clock frequency, reliability I.INTRODUCTION


The primary objective of this investigation is to develop a new control method for wind turbines that can increase their wind energy capture efficiency. Since the resultant wind turbine system dynamics are profoundly nonlinear and coupled with significant uncertainties, traditional model-based control is found to be not only structurally complex but also computationally expensive. Here, we explore two sets of control algorithms to enhance wind to electrical energy conversion. The first accounts for system nonlinearities and external disturbances by integrating variable structure control with adaptive control. The second accommodates the nonlinearities arising from rotor aerodynamics and pitch (actuation) dynamics, as well as external disturbances, through a method inspired by a 1st order human memory/learning model. The second method allows direct maximum power coefficient tracking for winds under the rated speed and ensures rated power output for winds over the rated speed. Basically, it uses the system ...


Long-range deuterium isotope effects on the 31P NMR shielding tensor were studied for the perdeuteriated urea–phosphoric acid adduct (ND2)2CO · D3PO4. This complex contains a short hydrogen bond linking its molecular components, for which a single-minimum potential energy well has been suggested. The results indicate that (σ11–σiso) decreases and (σ33–σiso) increases for the deuteriated complex with respect to the undeuteriated adduct. This fact is consistent with the hypothesis of a single-minimum potential energy surface for the short hydrogen bond.


Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of tuberculosis and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in adults and children. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (rifampin-isoniazid) strains requires the use of more toxic second-line drugs. We report a case of tuberculous meningitis in a 3-year-old Italian child.


154State immunity — Attachment and execution — Arbitration — Award in favour of private company against foreign State — Enforceability of award — Signature by State of arbitration clause — Undertaking to comply with any award in accordance with ICC Arbitration Rules, Article 24 — Whether constituting waiver of immunity from execution — The law of France


This paper examines the role of digital co-curation in the representation of the First World War in Britain within the heritage and academic sector. By examining the conflict as a historical trauma which is felt and experienced in the present, the utility of digital co-curation in addressing this continuing sense of pain and shock is assessed. Through an analytical perspective, developed from 'Critical Discourse Analysis', the online exhibitions, archives and websites that draw upon public assistance as part of co-curation initiatives will be examined. This assessment will demonstrate how digital co-curation operates beyond the traditional format of historical texts, museum exhibitions or archive displays, by engaging directly with how the war is experienced and felt in the present. Through the validation and valuing of these public perspectives, digital co-curation projects have provided a highly suitable format for addressing the historical trauma of the First World War in Britain as a present phenomeno...


may be phytogeographically divided into the Valdivian, North Patagonian, and Ma gellanic rain forest regions, on the whole are perhaps the ecologically least known temperate forests of the world. The pre sent work is a sumary of the current state of knowledge of the forests of southern Chile placing particular emphasis on classi fication and ecological characterization. Based on an extensive review of the phy tosociological and phytogeographical lite rature as well as on the present authors' personal observations and research, a pre liminary revised classification of these fo rests is proposed. Each forest type is brie fly described physiognomically and floris tically, its distribution is indicated, and its habitat described. Under the heading of forest dynamics, changes in the distribution of the forest vegetation in relation to possible recent climate changes are discussed. The role of the common bamboos (Chusquea spp.) in the forest dynamics of the Valdivian rain forest is also summarized. Finally, the im portance of periodic catastrophic distur bances in the dynamics of Nothofagus dominated forests is analyzed.


The use of high performance vehicles by novice drivers is perceived to contribute to both their risk of speeding and crashing. There is however, no consistent empirical evidence to support this perception. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between vehicle power to weight ratio and the risk of involvement in a serious injury crash for drivers in their first two years of licensing. The univariate findings of 662 crashes and the analysis of 84 case-control pairs provided evidence to suggest that young novice driver serious injury crashes are not characterised by �high� vehicle power to weight ratios, nor is vehicle power to weight ratio statistically associated with an increase in the odds of being involved in a serious injury crash. The report concluded with three recommendations addressing young novice drivers and vehicle restrictions, sanctions for speeding, and vehicle selection education, and one additional recommendation for the inclusion of vehicle power output information in the registration details of new vehicles. (a)


This research project was aimed at developing a synthesis technique for producing large particle size monosodium titanate (MST) to benefit high level waste (HLW) processing at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Two applications were targeted, first increasing the size of the powdered MST used in batch contact processing to improve the filtration performance of the material, and second preparing a form of MST suitable for deployment in a column configuration. Increasing the particle size should lead to improvements in filtration flux, and decreased frequency of filter cleaning leading to improved throughput. Deployment of MST in a column configuration would allow for movement from a batch process to a more continuous process. Modifications to the typical MST synthesis led to an increase in the average particle size. Filtration testing on dead-end filters showed improved filtration rates with the larger particle material; however, no improvement in filtration rate was realized on a crossflow filter. In order to produce materials suitable for column deployment several approaches were examined. First, attempts were made to coat zirconium oxide microspheres (196 µm) with a layer of MST. This proved largely unsuccessful. An alternate approach was then taken synthesizing a porous monolith of MST which could be more » used as a column. Several parameters were tested, and conditions were found that were able to produce a continuous structure versus an agglomeration of particles. This monolith material showed Sr uptake comparable to that of previously evaluated samples of engineered MST in batch contact testing. « less


BACKGROUND
The efficacy of currently available anthelminthics against Trichuris trichiura infections is significatively lower than for other soil-transmitted helminths (STH). The combination of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ALB) has shown significant improvements in efficacy.

METHODS
Safety and efficacy randomized controlled clinical trial comparing 3 experimental regimens against ALB monotherapy for the treatment of T. trichiura infections in northern Honduras. Infected children were randomized to one of the following treatments: (Arm 1) single-dose ALB 400 mg; (Arm 2) single-dose ALB 400 mg/IVM 600 μg/kg; (Arm 3) ALB 400 mg for 3 consecutive days; or (Arm 4) ALB 400 mg/IVM 600 μg/kg for 3 consecutive days. Efficacy was measured through egg reduction rate (ERR) and cure rate (CR), both assessed 14-21 days after treatment using the Kato-Katz method. Safety was evaluated by analyzing the frequency and severity of adverse events.

RESULTS
A total of 176 children were randomized to one of the 4 treatment arms, 117 completed treatment and follow-up. The ERR for Arms 1 to 4 were: 47.7%, 96.7%, 72.1% and 100%, respectively; with p-values <0.001 between IVM groups and ALB only arms. The CRs were 4.2%, 88.6%, 33.3% and 100%, respectively. A total of 48 (85.4% mild) AEs were reported in 36 children.

CONCLUSIONS
The combined use of ALB and high-dose IVM is a highly effective and well tolerated treatment for the treatment of T. trichiura infections offering a significantly improved treatment for the control of this infection.


The study of the institution of public power seems to be one of the most important areas of modern constitutional law in Russia. The category 'public power' was enshrined in the constitutional legislation of Russia in 2020 in connection with the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the category of public power had been studied by the domestic science of constitutional law even before the corresponding amendments were made, different approaches to public power had been formed, its characteristics and features had been described differently. This article provides the opinions of constitutional scholars on the institution of public power and analyzes current constitutional legislation. The author concludes that, in some respect, the consolidation at the constitutional and legal level of the institution of public power coincides with the previously proposed scientific approaches to the institution of public power.


BY TARGETING a specific protein pocket, researchers have found a way to block a protein motif that reads chemical marks on genetic material that regulates the transcription of genes. The strategy could lead to new treatments for cancer and other diseases. Until recently, scientists have focused on regulating proteins that add or remove so-called epigenetic marks, such as histone deacetylase enzymes. Now, chemical biologists Jun Qi and James E. Bradner of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, structural biologist Stefan Knapp of Oxford University and the Structural Genomics Consortium, and colleagues have found a way to block the activity of a protein module called BRD 4 , which neither adds nor removes but instead "reads" lysine acetylation marks on genetic material ( Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature09504). They discovered (+)-JQ1, a molecule that nestles in a largely hydrophobic pocket on BRD 4 , preventing the protein-protein interaction between BRD 4 and acetylated histone proteins in chr...


Peter Iver Kaufman. Religion Around Shakespeare. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2013. Pp. iii + 256. $34.95. Peter Iver Kaufmans Religion Around Shakespeare appears as the first installment in a series called "Religion Around," of which Kaufman is the general editor. The series intends to "bring religious background into the foreground" for "cultural icons." For Shakespeare, as the recent "turn to religion" in Shakespeare studies suggests, this is no small task. The difficulties, as Kaufman sees them, are first, that criticism has attended to "the religion of Shakespeare" rather than "the religion around him" (1); and second, that "the ways the plays are read (as laments for a religion that was lost or as intrigued, bemused, or cleverly critical reactions to the religion Shakespeare found around him) often determine the ways in which the contexts are patched together" (2-3). Kaufmans remedy is to begin by ignoring the plays and reconstructing the late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century religious milieu, and then by imagining what kind of religious views (and news) Shakespeare may have encountered, first in Stratford and then in London. Only after Kaufman has isolated the times' religious character does he turn to Shakespeare's plays, but even here Kaufman insists he is uninterested in new dramatic interpretations, but instead "docks evidence drawn from some plays alongside evidence left by preachers, churchwardens, vestrymen, polemicists, theologians, and diarists" (4-5) to recover "circumstance" (5). "Circumstance," Kaufman assures us, "--the religion around the playwright, not his faith or the plays' proper interpretations--is my subject" (5). Two chapters, "Religion Around" and "Around Shakespeare," comprise the book's first section. "Religion Around" begins in 1558 with the establishment of a reformed church that owed "due obedience" to Queen Elizabeth and "her" bishops--a demand that challenged the consciences of Catholics and "Calvinists" alike. Kaufman attempts to avoid the "contagious logophobia" among historians of this contested Elizabethan Protestantism by adopting Charles Prior's choice of "conformist" and "reformist"--defined by the degree of satisfaction with the English church's state of reform--with the caveat that "puritan" is useful for "Calvinist pietists" who internalized their dissatisfaction with reform by emphasizing their co-religionists' prodigality through excessive sermonizing and devotional literature (11). The conformist/reformist binary envisions "Jacobethan" religion as conflicted both within the church and between Protestants and Catholics. This chapter, then, considers both doctrinal differences (the efficacy of sermons versus sacraments, tensions between episcopacy and laity) and religious, or quasi-religious, political confrontations: Elizabeths conflict with Archbishop Grindal over "prophesying"; Pope Pius Vs excommunication of Elizabeth; Mary Queen of Scots' Catholic claim to the succession; Alencon's courtship of Elizabeth framed by the French wars of religion; the Jesuit mission to England; the Spanish threat, including the Dutch Revolt, the Armada, and the earl of Essex's preemptive strikes against Spain and subsequent fall; and the continuity into James I's reign of attitudes associated with these events, beginning with the Hampton Court Conference and culminating in the Gunpowder Plot. Kaufman skillfully weaves into his narration of these events their reception by Catholics, reformists, and conformists identifiable through sermons and printed texts. In considering such public responses, Kaufman is cautious about what Shakespeare could have known--as, for example, regarding Essex's fall, he notes, "The importance of all this for a politically and confessionally non-aligned playwright living in London at the time is hard to gauge" (37). The next chapter, "Around Shakespeare" begins in Stratford, where despite Shakespeare's family's possible fondness for the old religion, the power of local reformist notables like Robert Dudley, Thomas Lucy, and Edwin Sandys would have made outright expression of Catholic positions politically unwise. …


The invention relates to a lyophilised pharmaceutical preparation comprising an immunocytokine. The preparation has an increased shelf life, even at elevated temperatures, and, after reconstitution, can be administered parenterally as a medicament.


Translational mobility of water molecules was studied in water-Aerosol OT-decane microemulsions. The diffusion of individual water microdroplets, water in clusters composed of microdroplets, and molecules of water dissolved in the oil phase was considered. Temperature dependences of the diffusion coefficients of water molecules obtained experimentally by the pulsed-field gradient NMR method were analyzed at high and low contents of the dispersed phase with allowances for structural changes occurring in microemulsion. It was shown that the contribution of water dissolved in oil to the resulting diffusion coefficient is significant at a low content of the dispersed phase. The dramatic increase in the diffusion rate of water molecules above the temperature of percolation transition is explained by the increase in the relative fraction of water diffusing through water channels between microdroplets combined into clusters.


The novelist Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. wrote of his brother's experience with cancer "too far advanced to be daunted by the Three Horsemen of the Oncologic Apocalypse: Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiation." It is clear to me that his disease was not prostate cancer. Otherwise, Vonnegut would have designated a fourth horseman: androgen deprivation therapy. Hundreds of my patients over the years have experienced significant and often severe morbidity with ADT. One was a retired urologist undergoing neoadjuvant ADT during radiation for high grade prostate cancer. He expressed remorse at having nonchalantly prescribed such therapy throughout his career without acknowledging its potential side effects, which he only appreciated during his own treatment. His wife cried in relief when informed he had been given his last injection, although his depression and asthenia took several more months to resolve. Other patients have concluded the treatment was worse than the disease and have chosen to discontinue ADT despite the risk of doing so. 938 SURGICAL CASTRATION FOR PROSTATE CANCER


This paper presents a measurement for micro-deflection of miniaturized cantilever using phase-shift shadow moire (PSSM) method and determines the Young's modulus of the cantilever material. The measurement equipment is calibrated by measuring and comparing the known surface profile of a cylinder with the results from PSSM. The calibration shows that PSSM technique applied has the measurement error of 6 μm. The PSSM method is then applied to measure the micro-deflection of a miniaturized cantilever. The cantilever has the dimensions of 6.49 mm x 0.96 mm x 0.16 mm and the Young's modulus is unknown. The Young's modulus of the cantilever material is estimated from theory by using the measured deflection profile. Both the measured and estimated deflection profile are plotted to check for any discrepancy. The comparison shows that the measured deflection profile is similar to the estimated deflection profile. Therefore, the Young's modulus of the cantilever is estimated to be 60.65 GPa with the uncertainty of ±2.66GPa. The experiment presented in this paper shows the procedure and method to measure the deflection of a miniaturized cantilever and estimate the unknown Young's modulus.


In this brief commentary of Kamila Debowska-Kozlowska's insightful analysis of persuasive outcomes (Processing topics from the Beneficial Cognitive Model in partially and over-successful persuasion dialogues. Argumentation, 2014), I articulate some suggestions for future development of her ideas. My main claim is that, while instances of partially and over-successful persuasion are indeed worthy of further theoretical inquiry, the topical analysis proposed by Debowska-Kozlowska may benefit from integration with other approaches.


The invention discloses a device used for picking and placing an IGBT lining plate. The device comprises a left clamping arm and a right clamping arm, wherein the middle of the left clamping arm and the middle of the right clamping arm are hinged together, the bottom of the left clamping arm and the bottom of the right clamping arm are arranged oppositely and form a lining plate clamping part together, and the lining plate clamping part is matched with the edge of the IGBT lining plate. The device used for picking and placing the IGBT lining plate has the advantages of being simple and compact in structure, low in cost, convenient to operate, good in universality and the like.


Tourism is indeed something that many people like, but a limited budget is the main reason for people not to go on a tour. Backpacking is a trip to a place without carrying burdensome items or a suitcase, making it easier to travel from one destination to another. Karimunjawa is one of the tourist destinations favored by the Jepara Regency Government and the Central Java Provincial Government. Still beautiful and preserved nature Karimunjawa is the main attraction. According to Tourist Visit Statistics Data by TIC Jepara (Jepara Tourism Information Center), in 2018 the number of tourists who came to visit Karimunjawa was 137,835 people. With details of 129,679 domestic tourists, and 8,156 foreign tourists. (TIC Jepara, 2018). With this backpacker method, it is hoped that it can become an alternative cheap travel method to increase tourists in Karimun Jawa after the pandemic.


Abstract Extensive study has been made of the effects of various types of glow discharge plasmas on the changes of the surface properties of some fluorine polymers. The properties were investigated as a function of such factors as the exposing period, aging after exposure, type of plasma, and so on. It was found that the wettability and the critical surface tensions were changed considerably with plasma exposure and that periods of several tens of seconds are long enough to cause changes. The extents of change were not so prominent for fluorine polymers as for polyethylene, and this fact may show the important role of the fluorine atom in the surface properties even after the plasma treatments.


The paper starts with a comparative analysis of two Italian trajectories of local development : the North-East and Sicily. The processes of local development which took place in the North-East and Sicily can be read as an answer to a situation in which the two territories are marginalized and badly integrated to the national economy. The aim is to focus on these trajectories so as to distinguish their mechanisms, similarities and also divergences. The paper also tries to assess whether local development allows solving the problem of initial marginalization.


The growing Internet of Things (IoT) market introduces new challenges for network activity monitoring. Legacy network monitoring is not tailored to cope with the huge diversity of smart devices. New network discovery techniques are necessary in order to find out what IoT devices are connected to the network. In this context, data analysis techniques can be leveraged to find out specific patterns that can help to recognize device types. Indeed, contrary to desktop computers, IoT devices perform very specific tasks making their networking behavior very predictable. In this paper, we present a machine learning based approach in order to recognize the type of IoT devices connected to the network by analyzing streams of packets sent and received. We built an experimental smart home network to generate network traffic data. From the generated data, we have designed a model to describe IoT device network behaviors. By leveraging the t-SNE technique to visualize our data, we are able to differentiate the network traffic generated by different IoT devices. The data describing the network behaviors are then used to train six different machine learning classifiers to predict the IoT device that generated the network traffic. The results are promising with an overall accuracy as high as 99.9% on our test set achieved by Random Forest classifier.


The eigenfilter approach is applied to designing Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters having an arbitrary magnitude frequency response. A causal rational transfer function having an arbitrary number of poles and zeros is achieved. The procedure works in the frequency domain. Some numerical examples showing the application of the presented method to the design of multiband filters with different gains and different magnitude shape in each band are presented.


The artificial ground freezing is an important technique for soft soil reinforcement and underground water sealing carried out by continuously refrigerating ground. It is of great significance to monitor the soil strength development in artificial ground freezing projects not only for better evaluation of the soil freeze–thaw status but also for predicting and controlling the concurrent adverse effects which may cause serious engineering accidents. In this study, the electromechanical impedance method was explored in monitoring the soil strength development in the freeze–thaw process. The lead zirconate titanate transducer was embedded inside the soil specimen, and changes in the conductance signatures were monitored throughout the soil freeze–thaw process. The experimental results indicate that the resonant frequency of the embedded lead zirconate titanate transducer can serve as a reliable index for assessment of the soil's dynamic elastic modulus in the freeze–thaw process. More importantly, an analytical model was developed based on the piezo-elasticity theory to characterize the correlation between the electromechanical impedance of the lead zirconate titanate transducer and the soil's mechanical properties, and its validity was further confirmed by the experimental research. Based on the proposed model, the development of the soil's strength can be well predicted from the measured conductance signatures. As a nondestructive testing method, the proposed soil testing technique will help save considerable time and resources by avoiding the conventional sampling, specimen preparation, and testing of soil. The theoretical and experimental research will contribute to the future application of the electromechanical impedance method in real-life artificial ground freezing engineering projects.


Background: Most of the patients who received a 3-in-1 nerve block for analgesia after total knee replacement (TKR) complained of pain in the back of the knee. We investigated the value of an intrathecal (IT) morphine in patients receiving continuous 3-in-1 nerve block with a PCA technique for pain control after unilateral TKR. Methods: Group 1 (n = 20) received spinal anesthesia with IT fentanyl 10μg. Group 2 (n = 20) received spinal anesthesia with IT morphine 0.1 mg. All patients received continuous 3-in-1 nerve block performed with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200000, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine at the rate of 2 ml/h plus PCA boluses of 1 ml with a lockout of 10 min. The intensity of pain at rest and on movement was assessed by the patients using a visual analog scale (VAS) for the first 2 postoperative days. Results: Patients in Group 2 reported significantly lower VAS pain scores at rest than those in Group 1 for the first 1 day (P < 0.05). Cumulative PCA bolus use of 0.125% bupivacaine in Group 2 was significantly lower than those in Group 1 for the first 2 days (P < 0.05). The incidences of pruritus in Groups 1 and 2 were 0 and 50%, respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: We determined that the addition of IT morphine 0.1 mg to continuous femoral 3-in-1 nerve block improves postoperative analgesia after TKR. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008; 54: 544∼51)


the arts of islam hayward gallery 8 april 4 july 1976 is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the arts of islam hayward gallery 8 april 4 july 1976 is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Absorption with chemical reaction process of CO2 gas using K2CO3solution or known as hot potassiumcarbonate promoted with amine was widely used in many chemical industries. DEA and MDEA mixture wasproposed as promoter. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of CO2-K2CO3-MDEA+DEA-H2O system areneeded for rational design and optimal operation of CO2 removal unit. The purpose of this research is todertermine solubility data of CO2 gas in aqueous solution of potassium carbonate with DEA and MDEA as apromotor at various temperatures of 30-50°C with 30% K2CO3, 1-3% MDEA and 1-3% DEA. The CO2solubility is very important property when establishing thermodynamics models for the VLE. In order to obtainthe CO2 solubility, the normal procedure is to use the N2O analogy since the CO2 solubility cannot be directlymeasured. Solubility was measured volumetrically in absorption flask using a shaking waterbath. The increase ofDEA concentration in solution gives higher Henry's constant or lower gas solubility. It also makes the empiricalcorrelation between Henry's constant andtemperature in various concentrations of MDEA and DEA. The resultsof N2O analogy experiment were used to calculate the vapor liquid equilibria of CO2-K2CO3-MDEA+DEA-H2Osystem by using the electrolyte NRTL model. The model gives a good representation of the experimental VLEdata for CO2 partial pressures with Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of 5.93%.


ABSTRACT There are many instruments for particle size distribution (PSD) measurement, each using a particular physical phenomenon to define the size (e.g., sedimentation, laser diffraction). Particle size distribution measurement although important, most people want it done as quickly as possible. This paper will compare rapid methods [ laser diffraction and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)] with sedimentation techniques and image analysis. Nanometer powders (primary particles 10–50 nm) have been studied using, photocentrifuge, PCS, and x-ray disc centrifuge. The median diameters are very consistent for all instruments for narrow size distributions at around 20 nm but a divergence of results for the 50 nm range when distributions are broader. Comparison with image analysis for a spherical silica (50 nm) illustrates the accuracy possible in this domain. In the 0.1 to 5 micron range examples showing how the width and size range of the particle size distribution of typical commercial aluminas and calcites, can influence greatly the reported values from different instruments will be presented. The resolution and accuracy of PSD measurement for laser diffraction has been investigated using spherical glass beads ranging from 70 to 400 μm, sieved into five fractions. Particle size distributions measured by image analysis are compared with the laser diffraction results. The shape also has a profound effect on the interpretation of data provided by commercial instruments which ordinarily assume a spherical shape. Results for plate and rod like particles will be presented and the most appropriate method for the shapes suggested.


The mechanical response of soft clays can be modified through change of the adsorbed ions or by adding lime or cement using deep mixing tools. This work focuses on analysing the effects induced by a new class of chemical agents, which can be driven through soft clays and lead to cementing bonds, without being associated with any deformation. The resulting technique could be of benefit for improving in situ soil properties, for instance beneath existing foundations. Both kaolinite and sodium- and potassium-bentonites are subjected to different chemical compounds, considering the effects on the liquid limit, residual friction angle and apparent preconsolidation pressure.


Developing secure software is, in general, challenging and requires and end-to-end secure software development lifecycle. It is particular challenging if the secure software development lifecycle needs to fit the whole range of software products from small mobile apps to large scale enterprise system and needs to be applicable to a wide range of software development methodologies.In this presentation, we will present SAP's approach to developing secure software in general and, in particular, highlight the challenges of developing mobile applications securely.


The paper proposes a new statistical prediction system of air pollution which is developed by applying the multivariate analyses to the accumulated data. First, the data are classified into some clusters corresponding to the patterns of daily fluctuations and various regression models are prepared. Secondly, based on the above models, the following two-stage predictor is introduced; at the first stage a suitable model for the pattern of the predicted day is selected by the discriminant function with the qualitative and quantitative data, and at the second stage the coefficients of the selected one are determined for the prediction of concentration levels. Finally, results are shown that are obtained by applying this method to the prediction of the SO2 concentration levels one and two hours ahead.


The application of various agricultural-based materials as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions has attracted the interest of many researchers. Many studies have been conducted on the removal of heavy metals from wastewater using the bio-sorption process with a focus on wastewater containing single solutes. In addition, the existing column adsorption models were developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of single solute biosorption processes. However, the application of a linear driving force model which makes use of batch experimental results to describe the bio-sorption process in a fixed-bed has not been reported for binary solute systems. In this study, the performance of orange and banana peels was investigated for the removal of copper and lead ions from wastewater in both single and binary systems. These bio-sorbents were used in their natural form. The characterization of the bio-sorbents before and after adsorption was achieved using analytical techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the functional groups present on the surface of the bio-sorbents. The results showed that the bio-sorbents contain various functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, aminyl, and alkyl groups that enhanced the adsorption process. After adsorption, there were significant shifts in the peaks representing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which were common to both biosorbents. Therefore, it was concluded that ion exchange is the sorption mechanism responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was used to determine the morphological structure and the elemental composition of the bio-sorbents. The surfaces of the bio-sorbents showed an irregular, and microporous structure while the elemental composition revealed the presence of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and potassium. The surfaces of the bio-sorbents became uniform, smooth, and covered after the adsorption and the EDS showed the presence of adsorbed metal ions. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) which explained the crystallinity of the bio-sorbents showed that both bio-sorbents are amorphous. The values of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) for orange and banana peels obtained were 3.85 and 4.83 respectively. This revealed that the surfaces of both bio-sorbents were acidic and therefore suitable for the adsorption of cations. The design of experiments (DOE) was employed in the batch study to investigate the interactive effect of the operating parameters, and a 24 full factorial design was used to generate the experimental runs. The factors studied and their ranges are initial concentration (10 – 100 mg/L), solution pH (2 - 6), adsorbent dosage (0.1 – 1 g), and particle size (75 – 455 µm), for the single solute system. The interaction of the factors was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with the central composite design (CCD). The highest removal of lead and copper for orange peels was 99.75% and 98.53% while 99.32% and 98.12% were obtained for lead and copper using banana peels. The results showed that both bio-sorbents have a high affinity for lead and copper while the order of influence of the factors gave adsorbent dosage > pH > initial concentration > particle size for the bio-sorption of copper and lead using both bio-sorbents. The optimum pH of 5.5 was obtained for both metals hence three factors (initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and particle size) with the same parameter range specified for a single solute were considered for the binary solute interactive study using the same method. The initial concentration of the metal ions in the binary system was in the ratio of 1:1. In most of the experimental runs, the percentage yield of lead was higher than copper. The highest removal for lead and copper was 98.85 % and 87.32 % for orange peels, while for banana peels, lead was 97.85 % and copper was 97.6 %. The isotherm and kinetic studies of single and binary systems of copper and lead were carried out using both bio-sorbents. The Langmuir isotherm fitted the adsorption data signifying a monolayer adsorption mechanism while the pseudo-second-order model fitted the kinetic data which suggested the chemisorption process for both bio-sorbents in single and binary systems. The adsorption of lead was higher than copper in both single and binary systems and the adsorption of copper was sensitive to the co-existence of lead in binary systems. Orange peels bio-sorbent performed slightly better than banana peels hence, it was chosen for the dynamic column studies The fixed bed experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of column parameters such as flow rate (1 and 3 mL/min), initial concentration (10, 50, and 100 mg/L), and bed height (1 and 3 cm). The results showed that the performance of the bed was improved with an increase in the bed height while the volume of solution treated at breakthrough decreased with an increase in flow rate for both metals in a single solute system. The Thomas, Yoon Nelson, and Bohart Adams models were applied to the experimental data. The Thomas and Yoon Nelson models performed well with a high coefficient of correlation (R2 > 0.9) and the lowest mean absolute error value of less than 0.1. The breakthrough curves for the binary solution of copper and lead showed slightly different shapes than the single solute system. This can be ascribed to the influence of the co-existence of metal ions which led to competition for the limited binding sites on the bio-sorbent. The breakthrough time decreased with an increased initial concentration for both metal ions in the binary system. However, the breakthrough curves representing copper bio-sorption, reached the breakthrough point faster than lead suggesting a lower affinity of copper to bind to the active site. The bio-sorption capacity of lead was consistently higher than copper for all the initial concentrations considered. A mathematical model was developed for the binary solute system of copper and lead. The model was developed from the mass balance equation of the solid and liquid phases of an elemental section of the column. An assumption of axially dispersed plug flow was made, and a linear driving force (LDF) was used to describe the intraparticle mass transfer. The partial differential equation obtained from the mass conservation equation was discretized to form an ordinary differential equation (ODE) using the finite difference method. The resulting ODEs were solved using the ode15s solver in MATLAB. The mathematical model results followed a similar trend with the experimental results, such that the breakthrough curve of copper reached the breakthrough point faster than lead for all the initial concentrations considered. The model results showed that the mathematical model based on the linear driving force can be used to describe the dynamic behaviour of a bi-solute fixed-bed adsorption column. The mathematical model performed well at high initial concentrations. The Thomas model gave the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) value of 0.08 while the mathematical model gave an MAE value of 0.9 which explains the deviation of the models from the experimental results. In conclusion, the equilibrium isotherm studies carried out in the batch experiments were used to assess the adsorption capacity of the bio-sorbent which was used in the LDF expression of the model. Hence, this study has demonstrated that the mathematical model developed for the binary system is suitable for predicting the breakthrough curves using batch experimental results


The purpose of the present paper is to propose a higher-resolution numerical method for simulating unsteady subsonic and transonic viscous flows in wet or steam condition. The fundamental equations contain the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the model equations for vapor and liquid phases. The classical condensation theory is implemented to model the nonequilibrium condensation. These equations are solved using the fourth-order accurate compact MUSCL TVD scheme and the maximum second-order implicit scheme. As numerical examples, unsteady transonic viscous flows around the 2-D airfoil in atmospheric wind tunnel conditions are first calculated. The present method is also applied to the calculation of unsteady turbine stator-rotor interactions in wet-steam condition.


The paper develops a framework for understanding property regimes with reference to land. The paper identifies the classification for property regimes, primarily inspired by economic theory since Coase (1960), as 'private vs. collective', to be strait jacketed for comprehending the dynamic nature of the relationship between property rights and socio-economic rights. The framework that the paper develops is that of a two pillar model: 1) how planning, market activities, and societal undertakings change property values. All three dimensions of change – economic, social and ecological – are considered in this pillar. 2) Institutional space for enforcing property rights. The legal and knowledge spaces are considered prominent here along with value orientations in society.The paper is structured into four sections. After stating the problem, the paper undertakes a conceptual tour of property. Then, the relationship between property rights and socio-economic rights is delineated. The second section of the paper presents 15 archetypical land conflicts occurring in the post-reform period. These conflicts show how the property context in India is changing rapidly and new land regimes are emerging indicating a transformation. The third section of the paper presents how, across the world, the question of property has been addressed in the context of transformation. The fourth section builds on this foregone discussion and develops a framework to understand property regimes.


Planning of location area (LA) in cellular networks plays a vital role in utilizing the resources efficiently and economically. Location update and paging costs directly affect the cost to the service provider. When the size of the Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) is large, the paging cost becomes maximum. Though, no location update is required for this case. On the contrary, paging cost shoots high if each cell forms individual LA, but in this case, location update cost shoots to the maximum value. Therefore, deducing the network to the optimal amount of LA's is an intractable combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we intend to optimize the partitions of the MSC service area into an optimal number of LA, to curtail the total location management cost. We propose a novel scheme bearing in mind cell attributes of the network to deduce an optimum number of location areas, leading to minimum cost per call. It is revealed by the results of this work, attained after simulating the scenario on MATLAB 2018a that Cell Attributes Based Algorithm is a very promising scheme for cellular networks, and it outperforms the existing algorithms in a practical scenario.


The relevance of the study is due to the need to determine approaches to assessing the relationship between innovation activity within the country and the intensity of international activity. Regression and correlation analysis is used as a research method. The results obtained show that the coefficient of determination of the regression model indicates a significant influence of factors characterizing innovation activity on the intensity of international exchange. The results of the correlation analysis show a high degree of dependence between exports and indicators characterizing innovation activity in the Russian Federation. In particular, the greatest degree of correlation is observed with the indicators of science financing from the budget and the volume of production of innovative goods.


We make a comparative and comprehensive study on the charmonium exclusive productions at the $e^+e^-$ collider with the collision energy either round the $Z^0$-boson mass for a super $Z$ factory or equals to 10.6 GeV for the $B$ factories as Belle and BABAR. We study the total cross sections for the charmonium production via the exclusive processes $e^+e^- \to \gamma^*/Z^0 \to H_{1}+H_{2}$ and $e^+e^- \to \gamma^*/Z^0 \to H_{1} +\gamma$, where $H_{1}$ and $H_{2}$ represent the dominant color-singlet $S$-wave and $P$-wave charmonium states respectively. Total cross sections versus the $e^+e^-$ collision energy $\sqrt{s}$, together with their uncertainties, are presented, which clearly show the relative importance of these channels. At the $B$ factory, the production channels via the virtual $\gamma^*$ propagator are dominant over the channels via the $Z^0$ propagator by about four orders. While, at the super $Z$ factory, due to the $Z^0$-boson resonance effect, the $Z^0$ boson channels shall provide sizable or even dominant contributions in comparison to the channels via the $\gamma^*$ propagator. Sizable exclusive charmonium events can be produced at the super $Z$ factory with high luminocity up to $10^{36}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$, especially for the channel of $e^+e^- \to Z^0 \to H_{1} +\gamma$, e.g. by taking $m_c=1.50\pm0.20$ GeV, we shall have $(5.0^{+0.8}_{-0.6})\times10^4$ $J/\psi$, $(7.5^{+1.1}_{-0.9})\times10^3$ $\eta_c$, $(6.2^{+3.3}_{-1.9})\times10^3$ $h_{c}$, $(3.1^{+1.7}_{-0.9})\times10^2$ $\chi_{c0}$, $(2.2^{+1.0}_{-0.4})\times10^3$ $\chi_{c1}$, and $(7.7^{+4.1}_{-2.4})\times10^2$ $\chi_{c2}$ events by one operation year. Thus, in addition to the $B$ factories as BABAR and Belle, such a super $Z$ factory shall provide another useful platform for studying the heavy quarkonium properties and for testing QCD theories.


This present study is to investigate whether there exists significant differences of the "Emotional Intelligence" and "Interpersonal Relationship" between real estate agencies of high and low job performance. Therefore, the main research purpose is to assure whether these two sorts of real estate agencies have significant differences among "Emotional Intelligence" and "Interpersonal Relationship". Then, we want to find out whether there exists significant correlation among "Emotional Intelligence" and "Interpersonal Relationship". Finally, we would provide meaningful conclusion and suggestion for real estate companies. We design a questionnaire consulted past literatures and scholars' to carry out this survey. Real estate agencies of high and low job performances from eight real estate companies are selected and we distributed 215 questionnaires to those employees by convenient sampling. There are 206 questionnaires are returned, 60 questionnaires are ineffective, and 146 of them are effective samples. We adopted EXCEL and SPSS to analyze data. Statistical methods used in this study include Descriptive Statistics, T-test, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Pearson's Correlation. Results show that there are significant differences in Interpersonal Relationship and there are partial significant differences in Emotional Intelligence, and there are significant correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relationship of those real estate agencies. Based upon the discovering from the research, suggestion is proposed. Build up a personality test that enhances measurement of Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relationship, in order to find the most appropriate person or high job performance potential employees.


In the nineteenth century, there were systems of universal and free elementary education supervised by state organs. The specificity of the situation of the Polish nation resulted from its functioning in three different systems of education formed by three separate partitioning states (Austria, Prussia and Russia). Individual editors attached great importance to the promotion of certain moral-ethical values willingly referring to Christian ethics. Numerous stories centered on the reckless conduct of young characters, which led to various injuries and accidents and allowed the formulation of an educative punch line. In short stage works, various types of character defects were often stigmatized. Some works of this type adopted the schema of a developmental novel showing the social advancement of the hero, who, as a result of hard work and overcoming various adversities, provided a better life for himself those surrounding him (or her). An important component of education was patriotism and respect for one's elders. While the editions of individual periodicals in the middle of the nineteenth century approached educational issues in an authoritarian manner, treating education as a necessary interference, the later ones granted the children's world a specific autonomy, where only the right direction had to be given. Individual editors collaborated with renowned educators, e.g. Adolf Dygasinski, Henryk Wernic or Teresa Jadwiga Papi. It was thanks to these people that the magazines for young readers reflected different concepts referring to the pedagogy of the time, based on the discoveries of Positivist and Modernist science and philosophy. Also, information related to the real situation of education in Polish territory was included.


Thermal conducting silicone rubber composites filled with aligned nickel (Ni) nanoparticles induced by magnetic field were prepared by the solution mixing process. The structure, thermal, dielectric and magnetic properties of the silicone rubber composites were investigated by optical microscopy, laser flash thermal diffusivity analyzer, LCR digital meter and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that with the induction of magnetic field, Ni nanoparticles aligned form thermal conducting networks resulting in increase of the thermal diffusivity and relative dielectric constant of the silicone rubber composites.


This study has been undertaken to examine the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based resources and services and its impact on users. The study was performed via a questionnaire survey of the library users. The papers also determine the satisfaction level of users regarding online services, favorite search engine and problems faced by the users in using the ICT in libraries. Users proposed a variety of measures of formal orientation and training in ICT based resources and services to become more effective users.


The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of three host country-specific variables (political risk, cultural distance, level of economic development) on international joint venture (IJV) survival in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The authors compiled a database of 124 IJVs established in MENA countries. The findings demonstrate that cultural distance and the level of economic development have an impact on IJV survival whereas political risk does not seem to affect IJV sustainability in this region. The study contributes to the debate about the role of host country factors for IJV survival, indicating that these factors may vary across geographic regions.


We have extended our electromagnetic model for high-frequency magnetic film inductors [A. Gromov, V. Korenivski, K. V. Rao, R. B. van Dover, and P. M. Mankiewich, IEEE Trans. Magn. 34, 1246 (1998)] to account for driving current redistribution in structures where the conductor and the magnetic film are in direct electrical contact. We consider a stripe conductor of a rectangular cross section enclosed in a magnetic film. A potential difference of fixed amplitude is applied to both the conductor and the magnetic film. Maxwell's equations for this geometry are solved analytically, and a simple expression for the impedance is obtained. The inductance at low frequencies is practically unchanged compared to the case where the magnetic film is insulated from the conductor. However, the maximum achievable quality factor is found to be higher than that for the insulated case, even when a significant portion of the driving current flows through the magnetic film. Magnetic film inductors without insulation layers a...


This article was compiled to find out how the strategy of leaders in Islamic educational institutions in improving the quality of learning in the era of the covid 19 pandemic. Through the literature study that has been carried out, it was found that the strategy of Leaders at Islamic Educational Institutions in improving the Quality of Learning in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic is by maintaining the professionalism of teachers and even improve their quality so that they can still provide quality learning even through online. In addition, the leader always monitors educational developments during the pandemic and seeks to maximize his own role as a leader, especially in terms of learning quality management, so as to obtain an increase in the quality of learning at Islamic Educational Institutions even during the Covid 19 pandemic era.


The literature on the Regenerated Gratings has been summarised in terms of the key design, and performance parameters. Afterwards, the practical issues such as initial reflectivity, fiber type, and the effect of annealing cycle were investigated by the way of experiments for developing high temperature sensors.


ABSTRACTSymbolic state-space generators are notoriously hard to parallelize. However, the Sat-uration algorithm implemented in the SMART veri cation tool di ers from other se-quential symbolic state-space generators in that it exploits the locality of ring eventsin asynchronous system models.This paper explores whether event locality can be utilized to eciently parallelizeSaturation on shared-memory architectures. Conceptually, we propose to parallelizethe ring of events within a decision diagram node, which is technically realized viaa thread pool. We discuss the challenges involved in our parallel design and conductexperimental studies on its prototypical implementation. On a dual-processor dual-core PC, our studies show speed-ups for several example models, e.g., of up to 50% fora Kanban model, when compared to running our algorithm only on a single core. 1 INTRODUCTIONAutomated veri cation, such as temporal-logic model checking [8], relies on ecient algo-rithms for computing state spaces of complex system models. To avoid the well-knownstate-space explosion problem, symbolic algorithms working on decision diagrams, usuallybinary decision diagrams (BDD), have proved successful in practice [7, 16]. Several e ortshave been made to implement these algorithms on parallel computer platforms, most notablyon networks of workstations and on PC clusters [11, 12, 13, 17, 19]. The e orts range fromsimple approaches that essentially implement BDDs as two-tiered hash tables [17, 19] tosophisticated approaches relying on slicing BDDs [12], and techniques for workstealing [11].However, the resulting implementations show only very limited speed-ups, which is not sur-prising given that state-space generation is essentially an irregular task.Saturation [5], as implemented in the veri cation tool SMART [3], is a symbolic state-space generation algorithm with unique features (cf. Sec. 2). It is intended for asynchronoussystem models that are based on an interleaving semantics, and exploits the local e ectof ring events on state vectors by locally manipulating multi-valued decision diagrams(MDDs) [15], which are a generalized version of BDDs. The algorithm has proved orders ofmagnitude more time- and memory-ecient than other symbolic algorithms [5, 6], includingthe one implemented in the popular NuSMV model checker [7]. Hence, the question ariseswhether the locality of events can also be utilized for parallelizing Saturation in order to


I combined comparative and experimental studies in the field and in the greenhouse to examine factors influencing reproductive success in two insect-pollinated herbs, the tristylous, selfincompatib ...


We use inelastic neutron scattering to study spin fluctuations in Sr$_{1.8}$La$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$, where Lanthanum doping triggers a Lifshitz transition by pushing the van Hove singularity in the $\gamma$ band to the Fermi energy. Strong spin fluctuations emerge at an incommensurate wave vector $\mathbf{Q}_{ic} = (0.3,0.3)$, corresponding to the nesting vector between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ Fermi sheets. The incommensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuations shift toward $(0.25,0.25)$ with increasing energy up to ${\sim}110$ meV. By contrast, scatterings near the ferromagnetic wave vectors $\mathbf{Q} = (1,0)$ and $(1,1)$ remain featureless at all energies. This contradicts the weak-coupling perspective that suggests a sharp enhancement of ferromagnetic susceptibility due to the divergence of density of states in the associated $\gamma$ band. Our findings imply that ferromagnetic fluctuations in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and related materials do not fit into the weak-coupling paradigm, but instead are quasi-local fluctuations induced by Hund's coupling. This imposes significant constraints for the pairing mechanism involving spin fluctuations.


Integrating a low-spatial-resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) with a high-spatial-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI) is recognized as a valid method for acquiring HR-HSI. Among the current fusion approaches, the tensor ring (TR) decomposition-based method has received growing attention owing to its superior performance on preserving the spatial-spectral correlation. Furthermore, the low-rank property in some TR factors has been exploited via the matrix nuclear norm regularization along mode-2. On the other hand, the tensor nuclear norm (TNN)-based approaches have recently demonstrated to be more efficient on keeping high-dimensional low-rank structures in tensor recovery. Here, we study the low-rankness of TR factors from the TNN perspective and consider the mode-2 logarithmic TNN (LTNN) on each TR factor. A novel fusion model is proposed by incorporating this LTNN regularization and the weighted total variation which is to promote the continuity of HR-HSI in the spatial-spectral domain. Meanwhile, we have devised a highly efficient proximal alternating minimization algorithm to solve the proposed model. The experimental results indicate that our method improves the visual quality and exceeds the existing state-of-the-art fusion approaches with respect to various quantitative metrics.


Cicada Communications is celebrating a double after taking home gold and silver at the Yorkshire Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) PRide ...


The heart has a remarkable capacity to change its structure and function in response to injury or disease (i.e., it remodels). In remodeling, the heart must respond to a potentially large array of stimuli (chemical, mechanical, electrical, and perhaps others) by activating intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately alter the structure and function of cardiac myocytes, the extracellular matrix, and the vasculature. The cellular responses to external stimuli are enormously complex and involve changes in the activities of existing proteins as well as new patterns of gene expression. Yet remodeling of the adult heart in response to injury or disease is somewhat stereotypical. Diverse injurious agents, both primary (e.g., in cardiomyopathies) and secondary (e.g., in hypertension), typically lead to a hypertrophic response characterized generally by increases in total protein content, assembly of new sarcomeres, changes in energy metabolism, and activation of interstitial cells that produce extracellular matrix. If the injury or disease state is chronic and/or severe, degenerative features come to dominate the remodeling process, culminating in the clinicopathologic picture of endstage heart disease. The apparent stereotypical nature of the cardiac remodeling response and the emergence of a limited repertoire of "default" pathways may belie a greater diversity of injury


Objective To investigate the effect of cyclopamine on the expression of Parkinson-related gene Nurr1 in malignant glioma cell line LN229.Methods Upon LPS stimulation,real time PCR was used to detect contents of SHH relational gene PTCH,Gli1and Nurr1 mRNA in LN229 cell.Western blotting was used to detect the impact of LPS on Nurr1 protein expression.Furthermore,the contents of both of Nurr1 and the downstream Inflammation factor IL-1β were detected after blocking SHH Signaling pathway with cyclopamine.Results Upon the LPS stimulation,the relational gene mRNA and Nurr1mRNA in LN229 cell elevated.LPS significantly elevated the expression of nurr1 protein.Contrast with the control group,it was significantly promoted on the expression of Nurr1 gene and the downstream Inflammation factor IL-1β at the level of transcription and translation after cyclopamine blocking.Conclusions The effects of cyclopamine on the Nurr1 gene expression in LN229 cell may be related to the activation of glial cells during the pathogenesis process of Parkinson's disease.


Aim: The current research is focused on increasing aqueous solubility and dissolution of BCS class II drug by using modified solvent evaporation technique to produce solid dispersions of ezetimibe (EZSD) using gelucire 50/13 and polyvinyl pyrollidone K30. Methodology & results: Central composite design analyzed the effect of gelucire 50/13 and polyvinyl pyrollidone K30 on the percentage of drug released in 5 and 30 min. Ezetimibe (EZ) aqueous saturation solubility (4.56 ± 0.94 μg/ml) was increased 25-fold in EZSD (115 ± 3.41 μg/ml). Cumulative drug release from EZ and optimized EZSD were observed 24.67 and 87.54% within 1 h, respectively. Conclusion: Manufacturing EZSD using modified solvent evaporation technique using rotary evaporator holds great promise for enhancing EZ's solubility and dissolution.


Jeffrey Lambe, mentor in the Social and Behavioral Sciences at SUNY Empire State College, New York, USA, introduces his resource: "What follows is my attempt to create a simple prior learning assessment (PLA) guide that 'takes the mystery' out of the PLA process. This guide was designed to assist State University of New York (SUNY) Empire State College students to describe and document their experiential knowledge and skills and, potentially, to obtain college credit for their 'prior learning.'" Special thanks to Jeffrey Lambe for allowing us to share this resource with PLAIO readers.


Software maintenance activities account for as much as two-thirds of the overall costs on an average. A way to select a subset from a test suite is thus extremely essential to save cost and provide confidence that the program modifications are correct. Though substantial research results on test selection techniques have been reported in the literature, very few software industries deploy systematic test selection strategies or automation support. The expert judgment is the most often used in the industry for identification of relevant cases for re-testing that is usually difficult and inefficient. This paper introduces an agile strategy that divides a test suite with Equivalence Classification Partition (ECP) into sub-domains. The subset selected from the sub-domains provides a complete and comprehensive coverage of test criteria. The ECP is expressed with Classification Tree Method (CTM) and easy to be adjusted for different goals flexibly, e.g., re-test for modified function, delivery deadline or human resource limit. Our method is implemented as a tool and evaluated on two projects experimentally. The results demonstrated that this method can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of re-testing greatly.


Abstract Three South American countries, Argentina, Chile and Brazil, have been selected in order to study the impact of the document "The United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development". In these countries, whose people react energetically against any attempt to break the environmental balance, the synergic power of education is recognized. Therefore, it can be observed that the content sustainable development has been incorporated in the new educational schemes since 1990s in all their levels. The analysis in the formal, non formal and informal education of these countries shows us that they have the environmental issue well contemplated. But, it is necessary to emphasize the interrelations of three essential components: environment, society and economy in order to develop solidary values for improving a sustainable present and future existence. In relation to the "The United Nations Decade", it is noticed that although different measures have been adopted, conjoint work by the region's countries from a Latin American perspective is required.


1.1.1 Volatile Memory Volatile memory loses its stored data as soon as the system is turned off, so it requires constant power to remain its information. Most types of random access memory (RAM) are this category. RAM can be subdivided into two main groups, static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). The difference between them is that the stored information of DRAM memory disappears from the memory within milliseconds, so it has to be refreshed periodically. This makes the operation speed of DRAM much slower than that of SRAM. The speed advantage of SRAM means that it is used in cache memory, which is a small amount of high speed SRAM mounted close to or on the processor itself.


The reduction of alkyl halides by NaBH4 is efficiently catalysed by [NiL](L = dianion of 6,8,15,17-tetramethyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclotetradecine), a plausible active species being [NiIL]–.


We have studied morphological changes of an interface in a strong electric field which is normal to the initially planar interface. Electromigration along the interface in a two phase metallic system A‐B of the immiscible components has been considered. The stresses arising during electromigration of the components were taken into account. A nonlinear equation has been derived for the interface evolution in the electric field, allowing for curvature of the interface. It was shown that the interface diffusion in an electric field leads to the formation of a periodic corrugation on the interface if the components are distinguished by their electric charges. The corrugation increases with time and is transformed into a channel‐hillock‐like structure. The nonlinear equation was analyzed numerically for the steady‐state case. The shape and the growth rate of hillocks on the interface have been calculated.


Abstract : A portable, easily operated, multi-stage cryogenic trapping system contained in a box 86 x 66 x 61 centimeters was developed. Liquid nitrogen, gaseous nitrogen, ice, dry ice and 110 volt 60 cycle power required for operation of the system are available to most military installations. Ice formation in the -78C trapping cylinder entrance tube and liquid oxygen formation in the -175C trapping cylinder were eliminated in the design of the system. Catalytic conversion of trapped materials was minimized by use of stainless steel and Teflon. Operation of the system was simplified by inclusion of a liquid nitrogen level-controller. Partial separation of compounds was accomplished by operating the trapping cylinders of the system at three different temperatures. Several compounds are listed according to the temperature at which they are expected to be concentrated in significant quantities. The system is efficient for concentration of micro and macro contaminants in an atmosphere. The concentration of a contaminant in a sample area may be estimated from the total trapping time, the flow through the system during trapping and the concentration of the contaminant in the trapping cylinders.


The Hybrid Pelletized Sinter (HPS) is a agglomeration process that involves the combination of conventional sintering and pelletizing techniques and can be used with the purpose of obtaining improvements in the agglomeration stage of iron ore, and one of the great advantages of the process is the use of a wide particle size range of the ore. In this way, the superfines of low-cost ores, which are improper in sintering, can be used in the HPS process for the formation of the quasi-particle. The use of HPS with the sintering plants of the industries presented throughout the study, enabled an increase in productivity, decreased fuel utilization and reduced slag formation in blast furnaces. Thus, the present study aims to present a review of the literature on the Hybrid Pelletized Sinter (HPS) process and its main characteristics, as well as the results obtained by the companies that adopted the process.