the history of the nineteenth-century American book trade. American Notes is known to have had a large sale and a tumultuous reception. But our knowledge of its publication in the United States has been fragmentary and confused. Its circulation has never been accurately gauged, and the question of which of the several editions of the Notes is actually the first American edition has never been settled. This distinction has been assigned to three of the four editions published in the United States, but these conflicting claims are un resolved. Although the relevant publishers' records are nearly non existent, the history of the four editions can be reconstructed suffi ciently to establish their priority beyond reasonable doubt. American Notes was published in London in October 1842 but the story of its American publication begins the preceding summer. As an outgrowth of his tour of the United States during the first half of 1842 and his displeasure over the absence of international copyright agreements between England and the United States, Dickens re solved to forego further negotiations for the publication of his books in America. He publicly announced his intentions in July 1842 and urged other British authors to follow his example.1 He rejected offers for advance sheets of American Notes from Lea & Blanchard of Phila


We consider an infinite dam with inputs formed by a compound Poisson process and adopt a -policy to control the level of water, where the water is released at rate M when the level of water exceeds threshold . We obtain interesting stationary properties of the level of water, when the amount of each input independently follows an exponential distribution. After assigning several managing costs to the dam, we derive the long-run average cost per unit time and show that there exist unique values of releasing rate M and threshold which minimize the long-run average cost per unit time. Numerical results are also illustrated by using MATLAB.


The influence of rubbing conditions, and of concentration and dispersity of fillers on the parameters of the triboelectret state in polymeric coatings containing particular electroconducting (graphite, nickel) or dielectric (Teflon) fillers has been studied. The residual charge, the activation energy, and the temperature of the injected and polarized components of the triboelectret charge were found to increase with the sliding velocity, when small quantities (1 to 3%) of particulate metals were added; the effect of the residual charge in the coating and its relaxation time increased with filler dispersity. Similar effects were detected when higher quantities (4 to 15 vol.%) of dielectric fillers were added to the polymer.<<ETX>>


The present analysis attempts to evaluate the crisis resolution process conducted by the EU and the UN towards Bosnia and Herzegovina accordingly to different stages. The different stages which occur during the conflict allow the deterrence of different failures of the studied IGO's. However the aim here is to put forward those characteristics which can be considered as failures.
The research distinguishes four conflict resolution phases namely Conflict Prevention, Peacemaking, Peace-enforcement and Peacekeeping. In order to evaluate the conduction of the conflict resolution process as well as to compare the core features and the coordination between the two EU and the UN; it is invited to conduct the comparison on hand of different Third-Party resolution approaches, namely the Interest-based; Power-based; and Right-based approach.
As a major result it appears that the EU is less capable to exert sufficient coercive intervention in order to support their most suitable approach namely the Interest-based. As for the UN the latter seems more favorable to introduce power-based sanctions but often lacks the resources which should be provided by its member states. Furthermore the multiplication of different headquarters and the multiplication of divergent missions assigned to the same corps do create complex, hostile and contradictive missions.
Finally the analysis terminates by suggesting several directions in order to overcome systematic failures of the EU and the UN within the CR process. The suggestions are also followed by the discussion of the used approaches and the hypothesis it has enabled to generate.


1. Location, Boundaries etc. of the District 2. Previous Geological work on the District 3, Topography 4. Tectonics 5. The Stratigraphie Succession The Kioto Limestone The Spiti Shales The Giumal Sandstones The Gault Band The Chikkim Limestones The Hangu Sandstone The Hangu Shale The Lockhart Limestone The Khairabad Limestone The Patala Shales The N amoral Sh al e s The Sakesar Limestone The Bhadrar beds The Shekhan Limestone The Passage -Beds, Petroleum, Gypsum and Salt The Lower Chliarat beds The Kohat Shales The Nummulite Shale The Kohat Limestones The Sirki Shales PP.14-15. p.15. p.15. PP.15-16. pp.16-17. PP.17-19. p.19. PP.19-20. PP.20-21. p.21. PP.21-22. PP.22-23, PP.23-24. Pp.24-26.


Model validation is an important part of model development. It is performed to increase the credibility and gain sufficient confidence about a model. This paper evaluated the usefulness of 10 statistical tests, five parametric and five nonparametric, in validating forest biometric models. The five parametric tests are the paired t test, the Χ2 test, the separate t test, the simultaneous F test, and the novel test. The five nonparametric tests are the Brown-Mood test, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the sign test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Nine benchmark data sets were selected to evaluate the behavior of these tests in model validation; three were collected from Alberta and six were published elsewhere. It was shown that the usefulness of statistical tests in model validation is very limited. None of the tests seems to be generic enough to work well across a wide range of models and data. Each model passed one or more tests, but not all of them. Because of this,...


Member of one of Prussia's oldest and proudest military families, general Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach was torn between his oath of loyalty and his concern for the welfare of Germany, he chose the latter. At Stalingrad he was the only general who called for the disobedience of Hitler's orders, to save the 250000 men of the sixth Army. In September 1943, he decided to head a group of captured German soldiers and officers under Soviet sponsorship, in an attempt to achieve the war, to depose Hitler and to replace the Nazi regime with a lawful government. On 16/4/1944 Hitler condemned the "traitorous general" to death in absentia. Stalin decided to subvert the National Committee for free Germany and turn it into a cadre training school to staff Russia's anticipated share of Germany. General v. Seydlitz did not want to become a communist and refused another dictatorship for Germany. Back to homeland in 1955, he found himself anathema, thus he had proved his opposition, both to Nazism and Stalinism. He was rehabilited in 1995 but his biography between two totalitarianism still raises polemics


The utility model discloses an integral test system for a crystal oscillator, which comprises a chassis. The inside of the chassis is provided with a master control MCU module and an active crystal oscillator interface module. A plurality of detection units are connected between the master control MCU module and the active crystal oscillator interface module. The master control MCU module is alsoconnected with a control unit and a data display unit. The utility model integrates each detection device of the crystal oscillator into one body, makes each detection device modularized and reduces fussy connections. A microprocessor controls each detection unit to detect the crystal oscillator, fuzzy manual operations are saved, the detection for a plurality of projects can be completed and alsoone of the projects can be detected, the master control MCU module carries out data analysis, and the detection result is displayed through an LED screen so as to conveniently judge whether the product is qualified, greatly improve the work efficiency and the accuracy of measuring data and reduce human disturbance in the detection process.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework and propositions to advance research and practice in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Performance indicators (economic, environmental, and social) identified in the paper aim to facilitate empirical testing of a range of theoretical models derived or extended from the stated propositions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study of SSCM is truly complicated, and there is no one theory that applies in all instances. The authors analyzed over 200 critical articles published in major supply chain management and sustainability-based journals and grounded the proposed framework in a multi-theoretical perspective.

Findings

SSCM implementation entails linking stakeholder pressures, moral motives, and management commitment with relational practices. The paper further elucidates how relational practices, when bundled together, can create a set of relational capabilities, which in turn transform stakeholder pressures into sustainable outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The research framework contributes to SSCM theory building insofar as it can be expanded into various theoretical models, allowing researchers to empirically test the links among SSCM drivers, management commitment, and relational capabilities, along with their individual or collective impact on supply chain performance.

Practical implications

The framework provides a roadmap for firms to develop and nurture relational capabilities while dealing with growing stakeholder pressures. Moral motives strengthen top management commitment, which helps channel stakeholder pressures toward the proactive development of relational capabilities.

Originality/value

The paper fulfills a call for utilizing multiple theoretical lenses to examine complex SSCM phenomena and, ultimately, to create a coherent theory of SSCM.


Twelve types of milk products belonging to 22 market brands were purchased from local shops in South Uttar Pradesh and were screened for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) as major contaminant using six tests (microscopy, Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test, IS 900 PCR, Indigenous Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, dot_ELISA, and Latex agglutination Test). Sample positive in any one of the six tests was considered as positive. Of 276 milk products screened, the cumulative bio-presence of MAP was, 52.8% (146) and was highest in butter (75.0%), followed by curd (66.0%), buttermilk (52.9%), lassi (50.0%), cheese (40.0%) and ice-cream (28.5%). Bio-typing of MAP DNA from milk products using IS 1311 PCR_REA revealed presence of 'Indian Bison Type' as a major biotype. Kappa (0.700 – 0.815) and two-tailed p (<0.0001–1.0) values for six tests were significant for all six tests. This study for the first time revealed large scale contamination of 'milk products' marketed by leading commercial brands in India, with MAP bacilli and therefore not safe for human consumption. was highest and parallel. i_FAT was most sensitive followed by microscopy and d_ELISA. i_ELISA and LAT sensitivity in curd, buttermilk, ice-cream, and lassi. was superior for the screening of butter as compared to cheese, LAT was better. The study highlighted the selection of a test for screening milk products after considering the nature of milk products. Depending on resources, purpose, and sample we can choose the screening test(s). The use of RT_PCR and culture led to further confirmation of MAP in milk products.


A Framework For Analysis The International System The Latin American Regional Subsystem The Actors The Latin American States Nonhemispheric States and Canada The United States Transnational and Subnational Actors International Institutions Latin American Integration and Association The Inter-American System Global, Extraregional, and Other Hemispheric Arrangements Instruments And Interaction Diplomacy Violence and Accommodation Conclusion Explanations and Prescriptions


The electronic and solvation structures of N,N-dimethylaniline in acetonitrile are examined by means of the ab initio reference interaction site model self-consistent-field theory coupled with the method to evaluate nonequilibrium solvation free energy developed by Chong et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 99, 10 526 (1995)]. The key quantities characterizing the solvation process—the free-energy profile governing the solvent fluctuations and solvent reorganization—are evaluated from first principles. A new scheme, which enables us to partition solvent reorganization into atomic contributions in the solute molecule, is proposed and used to analyze the process at the atomic level. We found that the linear response approximation holds well and the overall observable λs is not much affected by solute geometry, while the individual atomic contribution is significantly changed, especially by the wagging motion of the amino group.


Although the infant mortality rate in Iwate Prefecture was annualy reported to be the highest in the country in the period of ten years from 1955 to 1964, the perinatal mortality rate in the Prefecture was on a little lower level than the rate in all the country. From this fact, it is surmised that the factors influencing upon the perinatal mortality rate are somewhat different from the factors influencing upon the infant mortality. In order to elucidate the meaning of the perinatal mortality rate as a maternal and child health indicator, the author has performed statistical investigation. Perinatal mortality rate in each city, town, or village in Iwate Prefecture was calculated using the vital statistics of the Prefecture in 1955 and 1960, and the association between the perinatal mortality rate in 1955 and the rate in 1960, as well as the association between perinatal mortality rate or other maternal and child health indicator were studied. Perinatal mortality rate was also observed to be not always low in the areas where the health level was evaluated to be high by life expectancy or other indicator. Using the vital statistics of Japan in 1960, correlation coefficients between two of seven indicators, that is, late fetal mortality rate of 29 weeks or more, early neonatal mortality rate under one week, perinatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, Uematsu's Indicator (normal deviation of mortality) for female and the Indicator for male, were studied. And then, factor analysis was performed with the obtained correlation matrix. According to the result of factor analysis, seven indicators studied could he classified into next three groups; 1. Late fetal mortality rate of 29 weeks or more. 2. Perinatal mortality rate and maternal mortality rate. 3. Early neonatal mortality rate under one week, infant mortality rate, Uematsu's Indicator for female and Uematsu's Indicator for male. Taking these facts into consideration, it has been deducted, according to the author's opinion, that perinatal mortality rate is a useful indicator for evaluating maternal and child health level of the communities.


Alzheimer-disease-associated β-amyloid (Aβ) is produced by sequential endoproteolysis of β-amyloid protein precursor (βAPP): the extracellular portion is shed by cleavage in the juxtamembrane region by β-amyloid-cleaving enzyme (BACE)/β-secretase, after which it is cleaved by presenilin (PS)/γ-secretase near the middle of the transmembrane domain. Thus, inhibition of either of the secretases reduces Aβ generation and is a fundamental strategy for the development of drugs to prevent Alzheimer disease. However, it is not clear how small compounds reduce Aβ production without inhibition of the secretases. Such compounds are expected to avoid some of the side effects of secretase inhibitors. Here, we report that destruxin E (Dx-E), a natural cyclic hexadepsipeptide, reduces Aβ generation without affecting BACE or PS/γ-secretase activity. In agreement with this, Dx-E did not inhibit Notch signaling. We found that Dx-E decreases colocalization of BACE1 and βAPP, which reduces β-cleavage of βAPP. Therefore, the data demonstrate that Dx-E represents a novel Aβ-reducing process which could have fewer side effects than secretase inhibitors.


We generalize the so-called density approach to Stein characterizations of probability distributions. We prove an elementary factorization property of the resulting Stein operator in terms of a generalized (standardized) score function. We use this result to connect Stein characterizations with information distances such as the generalized (standardized) Fisher information.


Thyroid nodules are very common in the adult population. In the Framingham study, clinically apparent thyroid nodules were present in 6.4% of females and 1.5% of males.1 There may be even more thyroid nodules that are undetected, and postmortem studies demonstrate thyroid nodules in half of all patients.2 Many nodules can be managed in primary care, but some patients will require referral to secondary care. The aim of this article is to arm a GP with the information required to confidently assess which patients require referral, and in what timeframe.

The gap between the 1.5–6.4% of palpable nodules found in the Framingham study and the 50% found at post-mortem implies that there is an enormous volume of nodules that are not clinically apparent. With the development of increasingly sophisticated imaging modalities there has been an epidemic of thyroid 'incidentalomas'. These non-palpable nodules are seen in at least 20% of ultrasound scans, 25% of contrast-enhanced chest CTs, 15% of MRI neck scans, and 30% of PET-CT scans.3 Most patients with incidentally discovered thyroid nodules can be managed by the same principles of history and examination as those with palpable lumps. There are two exceptions to this rule, the first being incidental thyroid lumps on CT, MRI, or ultrasound scan (USS) that are <1 cm and have no associated lymphadenopathy. There is no need for …


SUMMARY The paper considered the algorithm and the results of the amount of underground rivers feeding estimation by the hydrograph separation method. On the example of the Horyn River Basin rivers, the long-term dynamic of the amount of underground feeding of its water flow was analyzed. The key principles of determining the indicators of the rivers underground feeding, the graphic and geometric components of the application of the hydrograph separation method were outlined. Examples of the use of computer software for solving similar problems were considered. Calculations of the amount of the rivers underground feeding of the Horyn River Basin for a long-term period were performed for two representative periods of climatological standard normals - 1961-1990 and 1991-2020. Changes in temporal dynamics of the underground feeding share in terms of annual flow were analyzed. The increased trends in the amount of the rivers underground feeding of the Horyn River Basin in the current period were revealed. An increase of 3,1-10,3% in the underground feeding share of water flow in the Horyn Basin was recorded for the period 1991-2020, compared to the period 1961-1990.


The relationship between social mobility processes and the development of bourgeois social classes in the pre‐collective Russian peasantry has occupied an important place in recent discussion. On one level the discussion has concerned the 'specificity' of the peasantry; this is expressed in two quotations which preface the article. On another level discussion has concerned the use of agrarian statistics to establish the scale and significance of both class differentiation and of inter‐class mobility. It is argued below that the knowledge embodied in agrarian statistics can only be understood in relation to the theories of the statisticians. Theoretically reconstructed, the statistics throw new light upon the roles of underdevelopment and patriarchy in processes of class differentiation within the Russian peasantry.


A large-scale inclined ring simple shear system was developed to investigate the shearing behavior of landfill liner systems placed on the side slopes under vertical stress.A test was conducted on a multi-layer composite liner system,which consisted of a sand layer,nonwoven geotextile,geonet,HDPE geomembrane,and compacted clay.The normal transfer stress was calculated by the vertical and horizontal stresses according to transfer deformation of sliding surfaces.The results show that failure occurred at the interface between the geonet and geomembrane when the normal stress was lower than the normal transfer stress.The failure face would shift to the interface between the geomembrane and compacted clay when the normal stress was higher than the normal transfer stress.It is suggested that envelopes of the interface before and after failure transfer be simulated by bilinear curves,the interface shear behavior between the geomembrane and adjacent materials be expressed as hyperbolic curves,and the parameters,such as normal transfer stress,be determined by the test.The large-scale inclined ring simple shear device provides a new method for investigating the interface behavior of multi-layer composite liner systems.


The change in the transition probability due to Coulomb scattering of charged particles on atoms of a medium is found for a certain class of processes in which a single charged particle and an arbitrary number of neutral particles in the initial and final states participate. (auth)


While the cured epoxy resin had excellent properties and UV curing technology had characteristics of high efficiency, wide applicability, economy, energy saving and environmental friendly, and so on, UV light curing epoxy resin must have a great research value,because it selectively combined two advantages.The new research progress of UV curing technology from the aspect of epoxy resin modification was reviewed, and the future of UV curable epoxy resin was expected.


As the perforlnance characteristics of a very low specifi'c-speedcentrifugal pump are much different from those of a norlnal specific-speed pulnp, there is strong demand of full understanding for the internal flow of the very low specific-speed centnfugal pump in order to improve the pump performance. The purpose of this study is to establish a method of visualization by PIV for a very low specific-speed centrifugal pump and to make clear the internal flow characteristi'cs of the pump. Test punrp has specific-speed of n~=100(m,In3/inin,rpm) and 150 in combination with two types of impellers and two types of volutes. The result shows that vortices and reverse flows in the impeller passage cause a drop of theoretical head at partial flow rate.


UNLABELLED
Heart failure (HF) is a common cause of hospitalization and requires accuracy in clinical judgment and appropriate nursing diagnoses.

OBJECTIVE
to determine the accuracy of nursing diagnoses of fatigue, intolerance to activity and decreased cardiac output in hospitalized HF patients.

METHOD
descriptive study applied to nurses with experience in NANDA-I and/or HF nursing diagnoses. Evaluation and accuracy were determined by calculating efficacy (E), false negative (FN), false positive (FP) and trend (T) measures. Nurses who showed acceptable inspection for two diagnoses were selected.

RESULTS
the nursing diagnosis of fatigue was the most commonly mistaken diagnosis identified by the nursing evaluators.

DISCUSSION
the search for improving diagnostic accuracy reaffirms the need for continuous and specific training to improve the diagnosis capability of nurses.

CONCLUSION
the training allowed the exercise of clinical judgment and better accuracy of nurses.


1 Laboratory experiments are described which give the efficiency of Anthocoris nemorum in capturing its aphid prey Acyrthosiphon pisum. The efficiency of capture increases as the predator‐prey size ratio increases. The relationship holds through all the anthocorid developmental stages. 2 Aphid escape reactions are made up of three basic components; kicking, walking or dropping off the plant. These reactions are all related to the predator‐prey size ratio. Kicking is most successful at small ratios while dropping is most successful at high ratios. Walking occupies an intermediate position but has a generally lower probability of success.


e12056Background: Fulvestrant is a highly selective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist used in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with ER-positive advanced breast cancer. To identify patients who are sensitive to fulvestrant we applied a multigene mRNA-based Drug Response Predictor (DRP) broadly validated by Wang et al1 and for fulvestrant by Knudsen et al2. The DRP is based on measuring the full transcriptome in cell lines sensitive and cell lines resistant to a drug compared with expression patterns in tumors. Methods: To evaluate patients' transcriptomes from primary biopsies and response to therapy at relapse, a total of 545 consecutive patients with advanced disease were included from five participating hospitals. After patient informed consent mRNA was extracted and assayed on Affymetrix Gene Chip U133p2 arrays from formalin fixed paraffin embedded diagnostic biopsies. Of these 545 patients, 112 patients with ER-positive breast cancer received fulvestrant in one of the first three lines of trea...


In this study, we carried out to evaluate the shock-proof of a large scale motor for the naval vessel using dynamic design analysis method (DDAM) and full transient dynamic analysis. Analytical models for main assemblies (motor frame, rotor and stator assembly) were consisted of the tetrahedral solid elements and the equipments which installed in the upper side of the motor were substituted the mass elements. And we also modelled resilient mounts of a motor using the beam elements with appropriate directional stiffness. The DDAM was conducted according to NRL memorandum report 1396 and the full transient dynamic analysis was performed applying directional triple half triangle shock wave to the motor using ANSYS 12. As a result, we could compare of the results according to each analytic method and find the motor to satisfy the design criteria of the maximum stress and deformation.


In Ecuador, the State's recognition of indigenous justice systems takes place in a context where the legal framework is only partially made explicit, native communities debate their own legal model and their relationship with the State legal system remains ambiguous. This paper addresses the legal realities of one of these groups, the Shuar, drawing on a case study carried out in Nangaritza and on bibliographic work. First, a characterisation of the Shuar traditional justice is attempted. Then, certain dynamics of change, as well as the relationship between the Shuar and the State's representatives, is described. Finally, hypotheses are proposed concerning the adaptation of Shuar justice to the new constitutional framework and its formalisation process.


Aim: Various animal and human studies have contributed to the idea of cortical structural–functional alterations in migraine. Defining concurrent cortical alterations may provide specific insights into the unfolding adaptive or maladaptive changes taking place in cortex in migraine. Methods: From a group of 60 episodic migraineurs, 20 were recruited to the study. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, structural and functional cortical measures were compared in migraineurs who experienced increased frequency of attacks (HF; 8–14 days/month; n = 10), to those who experienced less frequent migraine attacks (LF; < 2 days/month; n = 10), and to healthy controls (HC; n = 20). Results: Parallel structural and functional differences were found as follows: (i) HF patients showed higher thickness in the area representing the face in the post-central gyrus, which correlated with the observed stronger functional activation, suggesting adaptation to repeated sensory drive; (ii) smaller cortical volume was observed in the cingulate cortex that correlated with lower activation in the HF group; and (iii) similarly significant structural and functional differences (HF > LF) were observed in the insula that may reflect potential alteration in affective processing. Conclusion: These results suggest differential response patterns in the sensory vs. affective processing regions in the brain that may be an adaptive response to repeated migraine attacks.


The publication is intended to provide scientists, engineers, and others concerned with research and development related to energy with a reference to potentially applicable sources of information within the United States. Very few of these information resources are dedicated solely to energy; most of them deal primarily with subjects or missions that contain energy related components. The guidelines established for selection of an information resource for inclusion in this publication were highly restrictive. The first concern was that the resource contain information oriented toward research and development; resources concerned primarily with energy policy, economics, supply, demand, consumption, imports/exports, allocation, rationing, and like elements of information were not to be included. The second concern was that the energy related information content of the resource be substantive enough, according to the resource contact's judgment, to be expected to be useful to a researcher. The final concern was that the resource be generally available to the user community; access with restrictions was considered acceptable for inclusion. (GRA)


The grapevine berries are an important source of phenolic compounds. In this study, White Sultanina berries were treated with UV radiation and followed quantitative change of these secondary metabolites. In the skin of cv. White Sultanina table grapes, a phenolic acid and several mono-glycosilated flavonols were identified by HPLC-DAD. The aim of this work was to alter this profile, to improve antioxidant properties. Resveratrol contents of berry skins have already been successfully increased using UV-C or UV-B radiation (Cantos et al. 2000) in another variety (cv. Napoleon). In this study, we report a UV-B-inducible increase in flavonoid-glycosides observed 2 h after 30 min exposure to 11.5 W/m2 radiation flux (physical dose) from a narrow band source (VL-215M centred at 312 nm, Vilbert Lourmat, France). This was accompanied by higher antioxidant capacities of berry skin extracts, in accordance with the observed strong antioxidant capacities of quercetin-glycosides in vitro (Csepregi et al. 2016, Csepregi and Hideg 2018). Differences between UV-B-treated berries and untreated controls were less pronounced when assayed after a longer storage period following irradiation at 20 ℃ under low fluxes (60 µmol m-2s-1) of photosynthetically active radiation. Berry skin photosynthesis, measured as photochemical yield using imaging PAM (Heinz Walz GmbH, Effeltrich, Germany) temporary increased after the UV-B treatment, then declined, suggesting a possible metabolic source of increased flavonol biosynthesis. These experiments suggest that UV-B irradiation of table grapes can be beneficial in terms of increasing the content of potentially health-promoting flavonol derivatives.


The absorption and velocity of ultrasound are measured in a critical mixture of nitro-benzene and isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane) as function of the temperature difference (T–Tc) in the homogeneous phase region. The critical data of the system having an upper critical point are: critical temperature Tc = 29.16°C; critical composition ync = 0.525 (mass fraction of nitro-benzene). The experiments are carried out in the temperature range 0.3 K ≤ (T–Tc) ≤ 21.8 K at seven frequencies between 9 MHz and 45 MHz. Four mixtures with off-critical compositions and the pure components are also studied. — The sound absorption of the critical mixture is analysed in terms of the Bhattacharjee-Ferrell theory. At the critical temperature the frequency dependence of ultrasound absorption is in agreement with the predictions of this theory. The data obtained at temperatures away from the critical temperature collapse on a single scaling curve when plotted as function of a reduced frequency given by the theory. Not all of the input data for the calculation of the temperature-independent coefficient ω0 of the temperature-dependent characteristic relaxation frequency are available for that system. Therefore, the coefficient ω0 is used as free parameter in a fitting procedure of the theoretical scaling function to the experimental scaling function. The best fit is obtained with ω0 = 15 MHz. The agreement between theory and experiment is good and supports the universality concept of the critical acoustic behavior.


As energy storage techniques can solve the problems of grid frequency and voltage fluctuation while integrating new energy resources such as wind and solar energy into power grid,various energy storage techniques are reviewed as to strengthening power network safety and maintaining load levels.Their development actualities are compared in order to determine the most appropriate emerge storage technique for smart grid.


Ownership structure is considered an important factor that affects a firm's health. Ownership identities are able to influence the governance issuesasymmetric information, agency conflicts and risk. This study conducted to investigate the relationship between ownership structures on bank performance in Malaysia consists local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic Banks. Secondary data extracted from annual reports of 3 local Islamic Banks and 3 foreign Islamic Banks from 2015 to 2016 period are collected. Techniques of data analysis used in this study are normality, heteroscedasticity, auto-correlation, correlation and panel data test. Panel data test describe the analysis on fixed effect model (FEM), random effect model (REM) and Hausman test. The result showed that foreign ownership and bank performance has a positive relationship to each other. It means it has largest impact to bank performance compared to local ownership structure.


Over the last few decades, scholars have dedicated much attention to the coverage of sportswomen in the media. However, few of these studies are situated within the Central Eastern European context. In this study, I analyze the textual and visual coverage of sportswomen in the Hungarian monthly sports magazine Presztízs Sport and examine the ways in which Hungarian national identity is articulated through discourses of sport, athletic competence, and womanhood. This sports magazine reflects some of the global patterns in the representation of sportswomen, but also distinguishes athletes based on the sport's historical success in Hungary. Further, it positions the családanya, the "family-mother" as a gender ideal that transcends other representation categories. The maternal athletic body affirms conservative values and contributes to the aspirations of nation-building through both reproduction and elite sporting success.


Caustic scrubbers (CS) are proposed to aid in capture of radioiodine species in future nuclear fuel aqueous reprocessing plants. Dissolved anions in the CS will include I^−, Br^−, Cl^−, OH^−, CO_3^2−, NO_3^−, and NO_2^−. One path for immobilization of the high pH CS solutions is to react it with kaolinite to form aluminosilicate powders, which can subsequently be consolidated. These reaction products include primarily sodalite, an amorphous component, and minor phases such as cancrinite or zeolite Na–P. In the current work, previously reported CS aluminosilicates are characterized by ^23Na and ^27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These measurements provide insight into structure of crystalline and amorphous species previously identified by X-ray diffraction. The chemical environments probed by NMR are compared to various synthesized and natural standard materials, and ^23Na NMR in particular shows that many different chemical environments exist in what appears to be a mixed sodalite assemblage. Graphical abstract


This work is dedicated to developing enzyme biosensor software to solve problems regarding soil pollution analysis. An algorithm and specialised software have been developed which stores, analyses and visualises data using JavaScript programming language. The developed software is based on matching data of 51 non-commercial standard soil samples and their inhibitory effects on three enzyme systems of varying complexity. This approach is able to identify the influence of chemical properties soil samples, without toxic agents, on enzyme biosensors. Such software may find wide use in environmental monitoring.


Aim:  Inherent fundamental difference exists among arteries of different sizes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between regional difference of wall shear stress (WSS) in various sizes arteries and contents of nitrite and NO synthase (NOS) isoforms.


The development of a consistent definition of sensitive data, in order to address consumer profiling, is a challenge. Part of the way to establish a consistent definition could be to find common ground on how to categorise geographic location data. Taking m-commerce and profiling as the starting points, this article puts forward some thoughts as to whether geographic location data should be categorised as sensitive personal data, at least when the data concern the precise real-time geographic location of an individual.


The present paper is devoted to the determination of displacement, stresses and temperature from three dimensional anisotropic half spaces due to presence of heat source. The normal mode analysis technique has been used to the basic equations of motion and generalized heat conduction equation proposed by Green-Naghdi model-II [1]. The resulting equation are written in the form of a vector –matrix differential equation and exact expression for displacement component, stresses, strains and temperature are obtained by using eigen value approach. Finally, temperature, stresses and strain are presented graphically and analyzed.


N A RECENT STUDY we traced the development of Freud's theory of anxiety, with special emphasis on the role of the discharge theory of affect in determining his early, intermediate, and final formulations (Compton, 1972). Two questions served as general guidelines for the inquiry: IVhat is anxiety? What accounts for its particular quality? These questions will now be applied to the formulations of psychoanalysts who have addressed themselves to the problem since Freud published "Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety" in 1926. TVe shall be interested in determining to what degree the areas Freud left unclear have been clarified. What additional pertinent observations have been made? What changes in the theory of anxiety follow from these observations? TVhat changes or additions have been proposed on theoretical grounds, and what is their value? Inasmuch as almost every psychoanalytic investigation touches in one way or another on the problem of anxiety, obviously no pretension can be made to an exhaustive review of the literature on this subject, and our focus is necessarily weighted on the theoretical side. Obviously, too, we cannot be much concerned with nonpsychoanalytic approaches, or with an extensive discussion of divergent psychoanalytic theories. There are a number of important areas ~vhich are tangential to our primary questions and which will be only touched upon or omitted entirely. I t has been necessary, for example, to neglect much of the recent observational work on child development.


Two indirect adaptive linearizing controllers are proposed, in continuous time, for the class of nonlinear systems which are linearly parametrized and which can be linearized by state feedback through a parametrized diffeomorphism. In each case the stability of the closed loop is analysed in detail. It is also shown how these control laws can be extended to related situations, i.e. input-output feedback linearization and nonlinear parametrizations.


As automobiles become increasingly computerized, the safety requirement of hundreds of ICs used in a car is growing rapidly. Testing of such automotive ICs is more stringently than testing other ICs because the quality, reliability and functional safety of such ICs are extremely important as they are directly related to human lives. Many standards such as ISO 26262 are used to guide for high quality and long-term reliability driven by functional safety requirements. In this industry session, we invite 3 experts from IC design and EDA companies. They share their experiences with many case studies, and focus on different aspects of automotive testing, online monitoring, reliability and in-system functional safety.


Abstract This contribution offers an alternative theoretical approach in examining the modern Olympics, using a cosmopolitan perspective. The vast literature and repeated discussions on cosmopolitanism are supplementary reactions to globalisation. The development of Olympic sport is closely linked to globalisation. A great number of controversial issues affecting the Olympics have already been analysed using globalisation concepts and theories that tend to ignore the potential cosmopolitan effects that the contemporary Olympics could have as a global phenomenon and as a common global culture. This paper endeavours to rethink the relationship between the Olympics and cosmopolitanism today, using a cosmopolitan lens.


Global telecommunication networks and the emergence of a new digital tool base have informed the reshaping of design practice worldwide. As discussed in detail in the next issue of AD, Collective Intelligence in Design (no 5, vol 76, 2006), ever-evolving groups of designers, engineers, material scientists, manufacturers, contractors and even financiers are now working together across time zones and organisations. Though these current shifts have certainly facilitated a greater fluidity of exchange between disciplines, working across the professional setting is not a wholly new phenomenon. For over four decades, London-based Arup Associates have collaborated in design as a team of architects and engineers, sitting within the greater corporate framework of the Arup Group. Declan O'Carroll, a principal at Arup Associates, tells Helen Castle how Arup Associates are now launching the Unified Design Unit that is set to recast Ove Arup's ethos of totality in design for the 21st century. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Universidade da Madeira, P 9000 Funchal, PortugalPublished in Soochow Journal of Mathematics 20 (1994) pp. 401-418Abstract:We discuss Donsker's delta function within the framework of White Noise Analysis,in particular its extension to complex arguments. With a view towards applicationsto quantum physics we also study sums and products of Donsker's delta functions.


Physical education as a component of an education system reveals its educative, health-improving, economic and cultural value. It promotes the appearance of such social trends as physical training movement, i.e. joint activities of people to use, distribute and enhance the values of physical culture. Control of the physical training system is a complex process that requires the choice of the best strategy and tactics, effective methods for forming healthy lifestyle. The article describes the main elements of physical training system applied at Siberian Institute of Management Branch of the RANEPA.


Using the algebraic approach Lie symmetries of time dependent Schrödinger equations for charged particles interacting with superpositions of scalar and vector potentials are classified. Namely, all the inequivalent equations admitting symmetry transformations with respect to continuous groups of transformations are presented. This classification is completed and includes the specification of symmetries and admissible equivalence relations for such equations. In particular, a simple mapping between the free Schrödinger equation and the repulsive oscillator is found which has a clear group-theoretical sense.


Cells can use signaling pathway activity over time (i.e., dynamics) to control cell fates. However, little is known about the potential existence and function of signaling dynamics in primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we use time-lapse imaging and tracking of single murine HSPCs from GFP-p65/H2BmCherry reporter mice to quantify their nuclear factor κB (NfκB) activity dynamics in response to TNFα and IL1β. We find response dynamics to be heterogeneous between individual cells, with cell type specific dynamics distributions. Transcriptome sequencing of single cells physically isolated after live dynamics quantification shows activation of different target gene programs in cells with different dynamics. Finally, artificial induction of oscillatory NfκB activity causes changes in GMP behavior. Thus, HSPC behavior can be influenced by signaling dynamics, which are tightly regulated during hematopoietic differentiation and enable cell type specific responses to the same signaling inputs.


Pension exclusion in the third pillarThe article is an attempt to assess pension exclusion in the third pillar of the pension system in Poland. Therefore, the subject of the research are elements that are part of the third retirement pillar in Poland — PPE, IKE, IKZE. The subject of the research is the analysis of pension exclusion in the third pillar of the Polish pension system. The following research questions have been raised: 1 What factors infl uence pension exclusion in the third pillar of the pension system in Poland? 2 Is there pension exclusion in the third pillar of the pension system in Poland?


To reflect precisely the affect of loading of nonsymmetrical structure piston in working condition,and look for the dangerous stress part, the 3D piston FE model with piston pin presented by this paper including the contact element calculation method. The theoretical evidence of piston structure improvement also can be presented.


PURPOSE
To investigate the comparative adequacy of spiral CT and color-Doppler US versus biopsy in assessing the efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen patients with 30 known HCCs, 2-5 cm in diameter, underwent PEI. Arterial phase spiral CT and color-Doppler US were performed before treatment in all patients. Treatment efficacy was established on the basis of color-Doppler, spiral CT and percutaneous biopsy findings; biopsy was the gold standard.

RESULTS
After PEI, 22 of 30 lesions which were negative for malignant cells at biopsy were completely necrotic at spiral CT and avascular at color-Doppler US. In the extant 8 lesions, which exhibited residual tumor tissue at biopsy, spiral CT detected early enhancement of the viable tumor portion in all cases. Color-Doppler US showed residual tumor vascularization in 4 of 8 lesions.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that spiral CT, performed in the arterial phase, can improve the depiction of residual viable tumor tissue in HCCs treated with PEI, overcoming color-Doppler limitations.


SUMMARY Aspirin isgenerally regarded asa causeofgastric ulcer buttheroleofnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory agentsandparacetamol intheaetiology ofpeptic ulcerisunclear. To investigate this' we conducted a casecontrol study of180matched pairs ofpeptic ulcer patients andcontrols obtained fromsurgical anddermatology outpatient clinics. Therewere 95gastric ulcer and85duodenal ulcer patients. A statistically andclinically significant association (relative risk=5) was found between theregular useofnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents andgastric ulcer. Therewas alsoevidence ofpositive associations betweengastric ulcerandaspirin containing preparations with or without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Bycontrast, duodenal ulcer was unrelated tothesedrugs. Toofewpatients usedparacetamol forany conclusion tobedrawnon itsrole. Although aspirin useiswidely regarded asrelated to chronic gastric ulcer,' therole ofthenon-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents(NSAIA)and paracetamol inpeptic ulcer, particularly duodenal ulcer, isunclear.26 Recent studies haveshownanassociationoffastric ulcer withaspirin andtheother NSAIAsandofperforated ulcer, bothduodenal andgastric, withaspirin andtheNSAIAs." To clarify this issue weconducted acasecontrol study ofgastric ulcer andduodenal ulcerpatients and controls, comparing their consumption ofthese drugs.


To read this edited collection of papers is both a fascinating experience and, for one already familiar with the Amish, a pleasurable reminder of the persistence and success of their remarkable way of life in 20th century America. A visitor to the Moore Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in the late 1960s might have been excused if he had thought that the Amish formed a majority of the Baltimore population, but this book shows clearly how worthwhile the intensive study of this group has proved in both medical and population genetics. The papers are reproduced unchanged, but their value is greatly increased by the addition of notes on subsequent developments. They are grouped into those dealing with general and population genetics, studies of previously recognised Mendelian syndromes, and (the largest section) 'new recessively inherited entities, many of which would have been difficult, if not impossible, to recognise outside the setting of a defined, closed, and well documented community as provided by the Amish'. Among these delineations of new disorders, that of 'cartilage hair hypoplasia' still stands out for its clarity and its masterly combination of clinical and genetic information. The value of the studies in this book extends far beyond the demonstration that the disorders in question are recessively inherited. The range of clinical expression produced by what clearly must be a single gene is something that is difficult to document in the more heterogeneous patients seen in most populations. The studies of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and of the 'Troyer syndrome' provide excellent examples of this. Another particularly impressive feature of the Amish studies is the detail and accuracy of the genealogical and demographic work which underlies them, much of it due to the attachment of Amish people themselves to this type of documentation. It is of interest that a number of the main contributors to the book are themselves of Amish origin, and it is fortunate that the Amish antipathy to further education has not prevented the emergence of those individuals to transmit the unique aspects of Amish culture to the world in general. Anyone working in medical genetics to whom the Amish are unfamiliar should read this book without delay; it will be a revelation as to the value of studying genetic isolates. Those who do know of the Amish will not need encouragement to refresh their memory of the subject and gain new ideas. It should also serve as a stimulus for people to study their own equivalents of the Amish. Though few of us have access to such an ideal population, there are many minority groups which would repay much closer investigation, where studies of genetic diseases have not been attempted. Many of these groups, less robust than the Amish, may soon disappear for ever if the opportunity is not taken soon. P. S. HARPER


Amateur radio is presently a hobby. In Brazil about 30,000 people are inserted as users, who participate in comunity activities  around the world during the year. What is this? How it is worked nowadays? What are the activities developed? This essay has been constructed from a participant research made through one year of observations, that has the aim to construct a profile of ham radio in Brazil, observing realities and some perspectives. This way, observes that existis live beyound the internet and many practicies in digital communications universally used have been made by enthusiastics in technology and informal experiments.


Purpose: Three management options for the treatment of Early Pregnancy Loss (EPL) exist: (i) surgery, (ii) expectant management, and (iii) medical management. Our aim was to identify relevant criteria for women to make a management decision. Patients and methods: Our triangulation approach comprise a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature on management preferences of women with EPL and a focus group to verify the literature findings. Results: Nine potentially relevant decision criteria could be identified: avoidance of inpatient treatment with anaesthesia and surgery, avoidance of injuries at uterus and cervix, avoidance of blood transfusions, avoidance of drug side effects, avoidance of bleeding and pain, Experience EPL as natural process, avoidance of seeing the foetus, Avoidance of uncertainty when the abortion takes place, and have a short period of EPL completion. It was shown that the qualitative literature reported more criteria than those used in published quantitative preference elicitation studies. These were especially psychological criteria and criteria concerning the respective setting. Conclusion: Evidence synthesis from qualitative and quantitative literature and a focus group interview could identify relevant criteria for decision-making on management options in case of EPL. It is important to include the women's perspective into the criteria selection. *Correspondence to: Charalabos-Markos Dintsios, Centre for Health and Society, Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Tel: +49 211 8116664, Fax +49 211 8119778, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Robot's persuasive abilities have previously shown contradictory results with some depending on robot gender and some on user gender. Therefore, we conducted a replication study with the Furhat robot. The study measured differences in how persuasive (ethos, pathos, and logos) a more feminine and a more masculine looking robot was perceived by female or male participants. We hypothesised that a platform with both feminine/masculine faces and voices enables larger differences between the robot's persuasiveness compared to a female/male NAO robot (original study). Results showed statistically significant differences regarding persuasiveness between participant gender but none for the robot gender. One difference, compared to the original study, was that men rated ethos higher than women did.


This paper deals with the equation ∑ ρ=1 r f ρ (A) Xg ρ (B) = C. We propose a new approach to it in the context of Fredholm equations of the second kind


Actuation has been applied with dielectric elastomers (DE) in soft robotics and bio-mimic devices due to their ultra-large deformation range, easy patterning, light weight, and they are highly expected for high electro-mechanical efficiency and low stimulating power. Flexoelectricity describes the strain gradient-induced electric polarization, which is strongly related to geometry and deformation ranges. The electro-mechanical coupling effect with flexoelectricity in elastomeric materials are then highly expected. In this work, elastic modulus gradient of a DE actuator is designed for bending motion by flexoelectricity, and electric charge is inserted and immobilized inside the material to further enhance the electro-mechanical capability. Elastic modulus gradient is designed, and electric charges are immobilized to enlarge the electro-mechanical coupling efficiencies of this flexoelectric actuator. The bending angle of the actuator is inversely proportional to the cube of general thickness of actuator, and the immobilized electric charge extensively enlarged the actuation capability. With elastic modulus gradient and electret, the actuating bending angle is enlarged with low stimulating voltage. This work provides an enhanced flexoelectric actuating method with material and mechanical design, and highlights low-voltage actuating approach with piezoelectric-like effect of stretchable electrets.


I chose to visit the Philippines for my elective placement at the end of my second year of training. I worked in the department of psychiatry in a small government hospital in a deprived city.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual background and managerial implications of COVID 19 and its impact on consumer behaviour Design/Methodology/Approach: This is primarily a conceptual paper focusing on the impact and changes in the consumption pattern of consumers due to the COVID-19 pandemic The paper undertakes a thorough review of the relevant literature Findings: The findings of this paper suggests that both consumers and business firms are on a new learning curve adjusting to the new normal To fulfil the needs of consumers in the situation of crisis it has become essential for business firms to integrate their supply chain logistics and their warehouse operations and encourage online procurement of goods Originality/Value: The paper is original and makes the foundational contribution for a beginning stream of research


One of the recent approaches in English Language Teaching is the Task Based Approach and this is so unique because of the fact that it is learner focussed and learner centred. It has become so effective because it is less stressful and also makes the learners participate in real life activities which lead to language production in a more effective way. This paper will focus on the learner's role and the teacher's role in a TBLT classroom and also the important aspects of reading and writing which are known as the active skills in communication. The paper will also focus on the pitfalls in the writing and speaking skills of students and how they have to be addressed when designing suitable tasks for the learners. English as a second language is undergoing rapid changes because of the changing trends and the introduction of new approaches to language teaching and also the changing needs of the students. Due to this it becomes essential for language teachers to constantly keep themselves abreast of all the changes and also to try the various approaches so as to see which is much appropriate for the learners. It is necessary for the teachers to evolve a model which are both interesting for students and which also ensures that adequate learning of the language takes place. There have been many language teaching methods which have been tested and tried on the learners, but there is no evidence to show that one model is better than the other because the response of students have been varying in each case. One such approach of language teaching is the Task Bases Language Teaching which has been gaining momentum in the recent past.


This paper presents a development of a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) slot antenna using stair-step impedance technique with a pentangular stub for 5G application. The proposed antenna is miniaturized and fabricated on a very cheap FR4 substrate with a dimension of 20x22 mm2. Also, the stair-step segments and a pentangular stub in the slot antenna provide improving the impedance bandwidth. The stair-step segments are used to tuning at a lower frequency, and a pentangular stub provides to tuning the higher frequency. The proposed antenna can operate the frequency range between 3.1 GHz to 14 GHz. The radiation pattern is bidirectional throughout the operating frequency range, while the average antenna gain is about 3.5 dBi.


Glucose pentaacetate was synthesized under solvent-free condition from glucose and acetic anhydride,using iodine as the catalyst.Influence of glucose/acetic anhydride mole ratio,reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage on the glucose pentaacetate yield were investigated and favorable reaction condition was obtained as follows:0.1 mol glucose,n(glucose):n(acetic anhydride)=1.0:6.0, reaction at 25℃ for 1.0 h,dosage of the catalyst 0.2 g and glucose 0.1 mol.Glucose pentaacetate yield of 96.3% was obtained.


Abstract Information on the nutrient composition of food forms the foundation for determining the diet-health-disease-relationships in a country. The nutrient composition of foods is influenced by many factors such as climate, soil, cultivar/breed, the grade of ripeness at harvest and the storage of food. Therefore, it is especially important to have a country-specific food composition database that caters for the dietary habits of all the country's people. Different methodologies are used for generating information on the nutrient composition of foods, e.g. chemical analyses, calculations, imputations, information from other food composition databases and the scientific literature. Knowledge of the characteristics and limitations of food composition data is a prerequisite for the responsible use and application of the information on the nutrient composition of foods. A food composition database is an essential tool used by the nutrition fraternity in an effort to improve the dietary habits, and thus the health, of the population.


Objective To study the relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease(CHD) among Xinjiang Uygur and Han nationalities.Methods We regarded the Uygur and Han nationality as the research object,using the CPR methods and SNP classification technology to research apoE gene polymorphism and its relationship with coronary heart disease.Results(1)The frequencies of e4 allele gene in the Han CHD group were higher than that of the control group(P0.05).The frequencies of e4 allele gene in the Uygur control group were high than that of the Han control group(P0.05).(2) The frequencies of E3/4 genotypes in the Uygur CHD group were higher than that of the control group(P0.05).The frequencies of E3/3 genotypes in the Han CHD group were higher than that of the control group(P0.05).The frequencies of E2/4 genotypes in the Han control group were higher than that of the Uygur control group(P0.05).Conclusion Apo E polymorphism is associated with the susceptible of CHD.The increasing frequencies of apo E3/4 genotype and e4 allele gene may be a CHD harm factor.These study confirm that the apo E phenotype distribution in Uygur population differed significantly from Han population in Xinjiang.


The real name of Placido, Cuba's romantic poet, was Gabriel de la Conception Valdes. He was born in Havana on March 18, 1809. The heritage of his parents included illegitimacy, a strain of colored blood, and introduction to the theater, where his Spanish father barbered and his Cuban mother danced. Extravagant tastes and gambling reverses broke up the family, and Placido's youthful years were spent in an orphanage. Such was the " romantic" beginning of the famous Cuban poet, who remains an enigma in spite of the numerous biographies, studies, and fictionalized accounts that have pursued the elusive threads of his life and work. Professor Stimson's painstaking study attempts to unravel the many contradictions in Placido's career.


The Azores archipelago in the North Atlantic is an extremely important area for biodiversity because it is rich in rare species and habitats, and almost undisturbed. The Lagoa do Madruga is a small basin mire located at 956 m a.s.l. on Santa Barbara Mountain, Terceira Island. It is an extremely good example of a peatland type that was first discovered in 1998, and has not previously been described in the international literature. This paper provides baseline information on its flora, vegetation communities, structure and hydrology. Thirty-one plant species including eight Sphagnum species and nine endemic vascular plants have been recorded, and four plant communities are distinguished. The maximum peat depth is three metres. The mire receives flowing water from its margins and from a small stream entering at its eastern end, in addition to intercepted precipitation and fog. The accumulated water forms pools and soakways which feed other wetlands downstream. The conservation status of the mire is good, but it is subject to increasing pressure from garbage generated during maintenance operations at a nearby antenna array.


We provide a minimal set of generators for the ideal of polynomials in [Formula: see text] that map the maximal ideal [Formula: see text] into one of its powers [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a discrete valuation ring with a finite residue field. We use this to provide a minimal set of generators for the ideal of polynomials in [Formula: see text] that send [Formula: see text] to zero, where [Formula: see text] is a finite commutative local principal ideal ring.


Codeposition of metal chlorides with Pt colloidal nanoparticles on TiO2 followed by oxidation at 400 °C and reduction at 200 °C improved the activity for Pt-catalyzed CO oxidation with stoichiometr...


Atiras or Interior Earth Objects (IEOs) have their orbits contained entirely within the orbit of Earth. The first IEO, 1998 DK36, was found in 1998; out of the 23 known Atiras, 15 have been discovered during the last decade. Here, we provide a preliminary assessment of the current dynamical status and short-term orbital evolution of 2020 HA10 and 2020 OV1, two recently discovered Atiras. Our calculations indicate that 2020 HA10 periodically switches between the Aten and Atira orbital realms, and although it is almost certainly a present-day Atira, it spends most of the time following Aten-type orbits. In contrast, 2020 OV1 is well entrenched within the Atira orbital realm, but it might have arrived there relatively recently.


The ability to reflect on teaching is crucially important for the professionalization of trainee teachers. The fostering of reflection processes – by means of the systematic analysis of one's own and others' teaching from subject-specific, methodological, and educational science perspectives – plays a central role in a continuing and consecutive two-semester teacher training seminar concept at the University of Mainz. This paper explores the different effects of reflection on teaching on the basis of a quasi-experimental pre-post test design. Additionally, it shows how systematic reflection on teaching affects the students' subjective experience of competence as well as the extent the seminar enables them to identify themes relevant for reflection. For example, the results of the comparison between two student groups working with different methodological approaches reveal that there are specific effects of opportunities for reflection on teaching. It was found that the students in both groups rated the relevance of self-reflection for their own later work as very high and felt much more confident in dealing with external video material. Moreover, the students in the intervention group appear to be increasingly capable of analysing teaching and learning processes in a more nuanced and systematic way based on theory and criteria; they are also more skilled at identifying reflection-relevant situations from various perspectives. As a consequence, it becomes clear that reflection on one's own and others' teacher actions must be integrated more strongly and consequently into teacher training in order to advance the development of one's own professionalisation and to make the best possible use of the associated potential.


Visual merchandising is everything the customer sees, both exterior and interior, that creates a positive image of a business and results in attention, interest, desire and action on the part of the customer. A story can be told that communicates to the prospective customer what the store is all about. It includes the dramatic presentation of merchandise as well as other important, subtle features that create the store?s overall atmosphere. Some businesses maintain a minimum staff to reduce costs, which means it, is even more important for the merchandise to sell itself. Greater effort must be spent on merchandise displays that make it easier for the customer to find and purchase the items they want or need. This paper presents an original Visual merchandising study on retail sectors in the Mysore city .The research study is based on the following parameters the Impact of visual merchandising on consumer purchasing behavior and demand pattern of retail sectors. The target population for the study is customers of retail sectors. Necessary analysis will be done to measure customer satisfaction. The present study focuses on identifying the impact of visual merchandising on consumer purchasing behavior. For the purpose of study primary data and secondary data will be used. The research results Influence of visual merchandising on consumer purchasing behavior with special reference to Retail sector in Mysore city.


Sustainable development strategies are necessary to ensure sustainable performance even though resources are scarce in a firm. In this study, a two-stage production process is designed to analyze a firm's performance, including sustainability and marketability, using a two-stage network data envelopment analysis. This process will help managers of a firm understand how to improve sustainability and marketability efficiency. The relationship between environmental investment and firm performance is also investigated using truncated regression. The results show that the environmental innovation score (EIS) and resource use score (RUS) have significant negative relationships with firm performance in the short term due to the fact of additional expenses incurred during the innovative research and development of new products and services. Moreover, the study reveals that the emission score positively affects both sustainability efficiency and marketability efficiency, while EIS and RUS have no effects on the efficiencies. These empirical findings are meant to assist managers in better comprehending the characteristics of business sustainability across industries with varying scales and performance levels, offer better business strategies for resource allocation, and enhance a firm's performance in the post-pandemic era.


The early town hall was erected 1864/67 and the architect who designed it was William Coote. The narrow gothic style building to the left of the photograph is an insurance company. (Description supplied with photograph)


Primary objective: The researchers sought to update information about the public's knowledge about brain injury and to document progress made toward correcting misconceptions. Research design: Survey replication. Methods and procedures: Three hundred and eighteen respondents from the lay public answered questions about general brain injury knowledge, coma and unconsciousness, memory deficits and brain injury recovery. Chi-square analyses revealed significant differences among respondents based on age, gender, education and personal experience with brain injury or brain injury survivors. Findings were also compared with those reported by previous researchers administering similar questionnaires. Main outcomes and results: Misconceptions persist regarding some brain injury sequelae. Although most respondents knew general information, large numbers reported incorrect beliefs about memory problems, coma and unconsciousness and recovery. Conclusions: Despite the frequency with which it occurs, the general public persists in holding misconceptions about brain injury. Greater public awareness is necessary to prompt appropriate health care funding and rehabilitative service decisions.


This study aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomic factors and financial performance on dividend policy during the pandemic in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX. Shareholders have an interest in obtaining periodic returns on their investments in the form of dividends distributed by the company. The variables used in this macroeconomic factor are inflation, interest rates, and the rupiah exchange rate h. In order to be able to distribute dividends, companies must also have healthy financial performance. The influence of financial performance as reflected in financial ratios in terms of profitability, capital and liquidity which in this case is reflected in the ratio of Return on Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER ), Earning Per Share (EPS) . The population in this study are all manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research uses multiple regression analysis processed with EVIEWs . The results of this study indicate that the macroeconomic factors in the form of the inflation rate and the interest rate have no significant effect on the dividend policy of manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Financial performance factors show that ROA, ROE, and EPS have a significant effect on dividend policy for manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of a joint which involves mainly the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. This is a condition in which there is a loss of natural cushioning between the bone and the cartilage. The disease process of OA confines itself to affected joint. There is a loss of proteoglycans in joint cartilage resulting in compressive stiffness and elasticity and transmission of compressive forces to the underlying bones. Clinical symptoms show pain, crepitus, restricted ROM and disability and their increased severity is graded by Lawren and Kellegren scale [1]. The knee joint is a weight bearing joint. OA knee can result in knee pain and functional limitation resulting from that. Patients with OA knee walk with antalgic gait and therefore there are changes in the gait parameters associated with patients with OA knee [2]. Majority of OA knee cases show lateral maltracking of patella because of weakness of Vastus medialis muscle [3]. It is the weakest muscle in OA knee, thereby affecting the pulley mechanism and biomechanics of knee joint ultimately affecting the gait in OA knee patients [2]. Osteoarthritis of knee is associated with pain and restricted ROM which ultimately impacts on functional abilities. So there is difficulty experienced by the patients in day to day activities [4]. Kinesio taping was invented by Dr. Kenzo Kase, basically for use in sport for athletic injuries. It was invented to overcome the drawbacks of rigid taping. This technique is now being used world-wide to treat different conditions [5]. It is used to reduce pain and correct positional defects in the joint as a part of preventive and curative protocol. Kinesio taping is used to facilitate muscle action and improve proprioception. It also supports the joint, ligaments or tendons, prevents unwanted joint movement and allows healing with minimum stress on injured tissue [6].


The present manuscript is dedicated to In free transparent conductive andflexible heterostructure electrodes. The new electrodes correspond todielectric/metal/dielectic (D/M/D) multilayer structures deposited under vacuum. In thepresent work, after a fast review of the general properties of D/M/D electrodes using Ag asmetal, we then develop the study of D/Cu/D multilayer structures. We propose to substituteCu to Ag, because it is far cheaper. However, Cu having tendency to diffuse into manydielectrics it is difficult to obtain stable electrodes. We show that using Cu:alloys, i.e. Cu:Niand Cu:Al, as metal it is possible to decrease significantly the Cu ions diffusion and toincrease significantly the stability of the multilayer electrodes with Cu. Finally, we show thatwhen these electrodes are used as anode in organic photovoltaic cells, they can allowachieving efficiency similar to that obtained with ITO.


New oxazolidinones are in clinical development for the treatment of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, as a replacement for linezolid and tedizolid, which cause mitochondrial toxicity after prolonged treatment. Here, we carried out side-by-side measurements of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition and activity against clinically relevant mycobacterial pathogens of approved and novel oxazolidinones. ABSTRACT New oxazolidinones are in clinical development for the treatment of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, as a replacement for linezolid and tedizolid, which cause mitochondrial toxicity after prolonged treatment. Here, we carried out side-by-side measurements of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition and activity against clinically relevant mycobacterial pathogens of approved and novel oxazolidinones. We found a large range of selectivity indices suggesting TBI-223 and sutezolid as promising candidates against tuberculosis and NTM lung disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii.


The synthesis method of ethyl benzoate with sulfuric acid catalyst and oil-water separation was reasonably improved by using microwave irradiation instead of conventional water bath reflux.The effects of microwave power,reaction temperature and reaction time on the yield were emphatically investigated.The orthogonal experiment and optimal combination suggested the optimum reaction conditions:15min of irradiation time,600Wof microwave power,and reaction temperature 95℃.The microwave radiation heating mode was used to replace the traditional boiling water bath method for the synthesis of ethyl benzoate for shortening the reaction time and improving the reaction efficiency.The vacuum distillation was applied to collect the pure product.With the characteristics of greening,modernization and comprehensiveness,the experiment increases the students′interest in experiment,and ensures adequate knowledge and skills for learning in the finite experimental time.


Related-cipher attack was introduced by Hongjun Wu in 2002 [25]. We can consider related ciphers as block ciphers with the same round function but different number of rounds. This attack can be applied to related ciphers by using the fact that their key schedules do not depend on the total number of rounds. In this paper we introduce differential related-cipher attack on block ciphers, which combine relatedcipher attack with differential cryptanalysis. We apply this attack to the block ciphers ARIA [15] and SC2000 [24]. Furthermore, related-cipher attack can be combined with other block cipher attacks such as linear cryptanalysis, higher-order differential cryptanalysis, and so on. With these combined attacks we also analyze some other block ciphers which use flexible number of rounds, SAFER++, CAST-128 and DEAL.


In October 1994 the International Center for Research on Women and the University of the West Indies conducted a needs assessment in Antigua Bahamas Barbados Grenada Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago to understand why adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases are common despite political will to combat them long-standing reproductive health programs high level of knowledge among adolescents about reproduction and adequate access to contraceptives. The needs assessment team collected information through focus groups with adolescents individual structured interviews with staff of organizations providing adolescents with reproductive health and related services and interviews with adolescent clients parents and community leaders. The team identified seven key programmatic needs to address adolescent fertility and reproductive health in the English-speaking Caribbean. Current interventions must be evaluated for their effect on adolescent reproductive health. Adolescent reproductive health services need to extend to more teens. Exchange of experiences are needed for program staff to learn from colleagues in other Caribbean countries. Programs must add boys to their target group which tends to be only girls. They should not exclude parents in service delivery. They need to help parents lead their children through adolescence. More staff especially those trained in counseling skills are needed. Programs must focus on services that help teens delay sexual intercourse and that protect their reproductive health once teens are sexually active. Based on these needs the team made three recommendations: evaluate and conduct operations research of service delivery systems and intervention strategies expand and replicate effective services and identify and strengthen an existing center as a regional adolescent resource center.


The moral domain comprises behaviours that have consequences for the rights and welfare of others (Turiel, 1983). In this review, research examining such behaviours in the sport context is discussed. Researchers have approached the study of moral behaviour in sport from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Two approaches that have spawned a considerable number of studies in recent years are Rest's (1984) four-component model of moral action and Bandura's (1991) social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. Research emanating from these approaches is discussed followed by work on good and bad sport behaviours, fair play, and aggression. Within each perspective, the measurement approach to behaviour is described, findings of relevant studies are discussed, and strengths and weaknesses of these studies are identified. The review concludes by identifying emerging trends in the literature and offering directions for future research.


The essay seeks to explore the link between economic policy and conflict in Africa, locating the analysis within the global systemic paradigm rather than using the narrower nationand ethnicity-oriented paradigms. The analysis distinguishes between economic resources and economic policy. It argues that although in Africa (as in most parts of the Third World) direct control over economic resources is still the main objective of the major international actors, there is a major shift towards the control over economic policy as a means to control the resources, and now increasingly towards the control of the African state itself. This distinction between economic resources and economic policy helps to explain why there is so much emphasis these days on matters of democracy, good governance, the rule of law, corruption, and other such instruments of state policy and practice.


The Panipat region is well  known  textile  industrial  zone  of  Northern  India  and  have  a  large  number  of  dye houses  and  textile  processes  units.   The  dyeing  house  industries  uses  a  large  volume  of  water  for  wet  dip coloring  process  and  draine  most  of   the   waste  water   as  effluent.   The   effluent   containing  composite   mixture of  different  pollutant  in  terms  of  heavy  metals.  Metal  accumulation   in  sediments  provides  a  record  of  the spatial  and  temporal  history  of  pollution  from  surface   water   to  ground   water.   The   dispersion   of   heavy metals from textile effluents  to  adjoining  pond  system  ultimately  affect  quality  of  water.  The  present  study revealed  that  pond  sediment  found   highly  polluted  regarding  heavy  metals  load.   Transfer  factor   for  Fe,   Mn, Ni and Pb was found very  high in pond through open effluent drainage system.


individuals with compromised immune systems, the complexity of medical procedures that render patients vulnerable, and the advancing age of our population [1]. Current antifungal drugs are insuffi cient due to the limited selection of medications, their adverse side-effects, and the emergence of resistance to them by fungal pathogens. A recent study reported that 17% of clinical isolates of Candida albicans had increased resistance to fl uconazole, a current frontline drug [2]. Therefore, novel drugs are needed to meet the increasing demand for fungal infections. Introduction


Alignment of liquid-crystal filler molecules and the electro-optical effect in composite photonic crystals based on grooved silicon are studied. It is found that the nematic liquid crystal molecules that fill the grooves are predominantly aligned in a planar configuration with respect to the silicon walls. The liquid crystal molecules are realigned homeotropically with respect to the groove walls under the influence of an electric field. The effect detected can be used to adjust the photonic band gap of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.


Utilizing an edge detection algorithm in an image will produce the edges of the image object. The aim is to mark the part that becomes the image's detail and correct the point of blurring of vision that occurs due to errors or the effects of the image acquisition process. This study aims to see the ability of the combination of Sobel and Canny edge detection algorithms (SoCan) to detect the inverted image. The image dataset used is the image of the Laysan Albatross, which consists of 10 original images and ten images that have been inverted based on the standard image dataset. The Laysan albatross is a large species of seabird found in the North Pacific. 99.7% of the total population is found in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands. The research dataset was obtained from the Caltech Vision Lab website http://www.vision.caltech.edu/datasets/cub_200_2011/ with dimensions of 500 x 271 pixels. Based on the analysis of 10 experiments carried out, the combination of the Sobel and Canny algorithm (SoCan) is not good at performing edge detection because it only has an average accuracy of 47.79% with an average accuracy error rate of 52.21%. Thus, in this case, the combination of the Sobel and Canny algorithms (SoCan) is not able to identify the Inversion Image


A mathematical model is establisbed by linear programing, solving the problems about match excavation of coal bed of Kailuan Corp, increasing its economy benfits and accelerating its sustainable development.


Objective To investigate the possibility and value of laparoscopic triangle hysterectomy. Methods Eighteen patients with benign uterine diseases, including 11 cases of uterine fibroids, 6 cases of adenomyoma, and 1 case of uterine hemorrhage due to functional disorder, underwent laparoscopic triangle hysterectomy. The possibility of uterine cancer was excluded preoperatively. Results Laparoscopic procedures were completed successfully in all 18 patients. The average operating time was 176 min (130-220 min) and the average blood loss was 160.3 ml (110-220 ml). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.3 d (3-6 d). The mean follow-up time was 5.2 months (2-12 months). Symptomatic improvement was achieved in all patients. There was no recurrence of fibroids. The main postoperative complications were pyrexia which happened in 2 patients. Sonographic evaluation of the uterine size showed that the reconstructive uteruses were smaller than the normal ones. Conclusion Laparoscopic triangle hysterectomy is effective and safe for treatment of uterine fibroids and adenomyomas and is also helpful for reserving uterine form and structure and maintaining integrity of the pelvic.


This paper develops a technology assimilation framework to explain how domestic firms uncover global technologies under limited technique availability and production flexibility. We construct a micro-founded measure of endogenous total factor productivity (TFP) based on the interaction of stage-dependent local knowledge of a country with advanced foreign technologies. We then perform development and growth accounting exercises to better understand the large and widening TFP gaps across countries and over time. By comparing our results with other popular models, we find that the lack of assimilation of frontier technologies can be instrumental in differentiating trapped economies from miracle economies. About half of the rapid growth experienced in miracle economies can be attributed to positive assimilation, and over 40% of the negative growth outcome in trapped economies is due to backward assimilation. This finding suggests that an adequate provision of correct incentives and institutional settings is crucial for domestic firms to assimilate relevant frontier technologies in a way that is suitable for their development stages. JEL Classification: O41, O47, D90, E23.


The proviso problem (Geurts 1996) is a descriptive inadequacy of satisfaction-type theories of presupposition projection (Heim 1983). DRT models (Geurts 1999) predict the (b) (strengthened) presuppositions below, but DRT fails to model true conditional presuppositions like (1a). (1)  a.   Presupposition sat : b.  Presupposition default : (2))   a.    Presupposition sat :    b.  Presupposition default :  and I propose with DRT that strengthening is structural, but within a fully compositional variant of Heim's (1983) dynamic semantics.


Abstract Objective:To determine whether prolonging the duration of tamoxifen administration beyond the cessation of a combined chemotherapy regimen benefits patients with primary breast cancer with...


Pseudochiridium lindae n. sp. is described from Dominican amber (Miocene), representing the first fossil record of the family Pseudochiridiidae. The extant species Pseudochiridium insulae Hoff, 1964 is newly recorded from the Dominican Republic. Paracheiridium vachoni Vitali-di Castri, 1970 is transferred to the genus Pseudochiridium With, 1906 (n. comb.). The correct publication date for family-group names based on Cheiridiinae Hansen is shown to be 1894.


The bit error rate (BER) performance for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with different diversity combining scheme is derived for Rayleigh fading channel using Log-likelihood ratio (LLR). Three combining techniques, maximal ratio combiner (MMC), selection combining (SC), and Equal Gain Combiner (EGC) are considered for the BER analysis in this paper. The average BER performance of QAM symbol through a flat fading channel is derived from the individual bits forming the QAM symbol with MRC, SC, and EGC space diversity. The analytical and simulation of BER performance of the QAM symbol through the fading channel with MMC, SC, and EGC combiner is compared. The both analytical and simulation result shows that the probability of bit error decreases with the order of diversity for all the cases of MRC, SC, and EGC. It is also seen from the results that MRC provides better BER performance than the other two combiners (SC and EGC) for the same environment of the fading channel.


Significant differences in facial form between the Jomon and the post-Jomon series of the Yayoi, Medieval, and Early Modern period have been interpreted in terms of the gene flow from the Asian continent or the reduction of masticatory stress through the Jomon to the Early Modern period. However, the developmental process that produced these differences in facial form between the two groups has remains unknown. In this study we examined the factors contributing to differences in facial form by studying the developmental patterns of facial form using data from 311 subadult individuals from the middle-late Jomon (c. 5000–2500 BP) to the Early Modern period (1900–1950 AD). We found statistically significant differences in facial form among the temporally defined groups at early stages of development. Differences in upper facial height between the Jomon and the post-Jomon series were significant during both childhood (3–6 years, P < 0.05) and adolescence (12–20 years, P < 0.01). Differences in simotic index and bigonial breadth between the Jomon and the post-Jomon series were significant, beginning in childhood (P < 0.05), and differences in symphyseal height between the series were significant during both infancy (0–3 years, P < 0.05) and adolescence (P < 0.01). Based on previous ethnographical data, studies on the wear of the deciduous dentition in the Jomon and post-Jomon populations, and stable isotope analyses for reconstructing weaning diets in Jomon and Medieval children, it seems to be the first-stage juvenile stage (6–9 years) when the differences in masticatory load among the chronological groups become conspicuous enough to act on the functional adaptation of facial bones. Therefore, the patterns of group differences which begin in infancy or childhood and become remarkable in adolescence do not contradict the former explanation that the gene flow from the Asian continent largely contributed to the change of facial form during the transition between the Jomon and Yayoi periods.


Although the history of antiquarianism and the antique object amongst its material of study go way back, with the emergence of modern archaeology and the modern museum in the 19th century antiquities, the objects of interest for a narrow circle of learned cognoscenti up to that time, gained mass appeal and were transformed into archaeological objects and museum displays. From bits and pieces of sacred and quotidian artifacts to intact tombs, from broken colossal statues to architectural fragments, everything that was ferociously dug by "early archaeologists," often away from the museums they would be put on display, became archaeological objects. Building parts, architectural sculptures, structural and decorative elements, all of which were once parts of immovable wholes and specific locales have become free-floating "marbles" detached from their places and associated with the individuals who "discovered" them, as in the case of the (in)famous Elgin or Canning marbles, and were transported over long distances as portable artifacts to become objects of display in museums.
In our paper we trace the changing nature of the archaeological object alongside conservation policies by dwelling on two distinct Anatolian examples, those of Lycia and Commagene. The southwestern region and ancient civilization of Lycia was "discovered" by British explorer Charles Fellows at the beginning of the 1840s whose persistent appeal to the trustees paid off with the transportation of substantial amount of material to the British Museum, which were known as Xanthian marbles back then. In contradistinction, although earlier explored by Karl Sester and Otto Puchstein and about to be excavated by Karl Humann, the Mount Nemrud, part of the southeastern Anatolian region of ancient Commagene, was taken over in 1883 by Osman Hamdi, the authoritative director of the Ottoman Imperial Museum who vehemently fought against the exportation of archaeological material outside Ottoman territory. How did these two different attitudes to ancient sites and the archaeological object impact the later histories of these sites? We also look at the current situation, particularly the details of the project developed by PROMET PROJE for Commagene.


This method, based on the adiabatic invariance of semiclassical quantisation conditions (Solov'ev 1978), is used to calculate the energy levels of a three-dimensional, non-integrable system: a hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The results are presented for a ground state and two excited states, for various ratios of field strengths and angles between the fields. The limitations of the method are discussed.


Purpose: In this study, factors affecting career satisfaction of nurses were explored in the career development and career plateau. Methods: Participants were 143 nurses drawn from a general hospital in Busan. independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Hierarchial multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0 p...


This case study analyses an application of distance training in the practice of nuclear knowledge preservation. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the potential of distance training in solving the problem of knowledge preservation in the nuclear industry. Thirty specialists from different European countries participated in the pilot training experiments. It was found that the efficacy of distance training depends directly on the convenience and ease of the knowledge transmission process, the possibility for the trainees to combine training with their professional activities, the ability to work independently and a conscious desire on the part of trainees to improve their professional competencies. The study included a comprehensive evaluation of the distance training platform Cyber Learning Platform for Network Education and Training (CLP4NET) in the context of nuclear knowledge preservation. It was found that CLP4NET provided a friendly interface, was relatively easy to use and allowed an extensive application of interactive data representation forms and ample communication between training participants.


Patterns - prelude to a dynamical description linear stage of pattern formation model equations the Ginzburg-Landau equation "crystal" formation quasicrystals breaking of order localized patterns spirals patterns in oscillating soap films patterns in colonies of micro-organisms spatial disorder patterns in chaotic media epilogue - living matter and dynamic forms a short guide to nonlinear dynamics key experiments in pattern formation.


Purpose: The knowledge of the bremsstrahlung spectrum of a linear accelerator (6 MV up to 18 MV) represents the physical base of therapy planning systems. It is obtained by Monte‐Carlo calculations by taking account of the complete beam‐line (geometry/materials). It is also obtained by an analysis of depth dose curves of small fields via Laplace transform, if the electron energy Eel is known (upper limit of photon energy). Method and Materials: Monte‐Carlo calculations with EGSnrc with respect to the beam‐line of 6/18 MV (Varian 2300 C/D) and 6 MV (Varian 600C) have been performed for the AAA algorithm (Eclipse). The analysis of absorption depth dose curves in water (3×3 cm2 / 4×4 cm2 fields) of the mentioned machines has been performed for the central ray and tilted rays with the Laplace transform of a power sequence of Poisson distributions, which provide the reproducing kernel and the energy spectrum. The scatter profiles have been removed by a deconvolution.Results: Monte‐Carlo calculations and the Laplace transform method are in good agreement (standard deviation: ca. 1%) in the above cases. The formal integration of the reproducing kernel provides an analytical spectral distribution function f(E) =(1− exp (−α⋅E / E el ))⋅ exp (−βE 2 / E el 2 )⋅(1−E / E el ) q The parameter α and q depend on the radial distance of tilted rays from the central ray at surface. It is also used to fit fluctuations of Monte‐Carlo calculations. Conclusion: The Laplace transform method even works, if only Eel, the measured depth dose curves and profiles of small field sizes are known. A comparison of 6 MV (2300 C/D) with 6 MV (600C) shows that the spectral distribution of the latter case rather corresponds to the 10 MV mode of a 2300 C/D machine. This results from the Pb‐alloy of the flattening filter, whereas the 6/10 MV modes of the 2300 C/D use a Cu‐filter.