In a series of recent notes and papers [Fiocco and Smullin, 1963; Fiocco and Colombo, 1964; Fiocco and Grams, 1964] the first results of a remarkable new optical sounding technique, employing a narrow, pulsed laser beam, have been described. Judging from the published material, there is little doubt that optically thin 'dust' layers in the upper atmosphere can be, and in fact have been, thus detected by virtue of the backscattering cross section of the illuminated particles. The purpose of this note is to comment on the interpretation of the data in terms of the size, nature, and concentration of the detected particles.

In their paper on meteoric fragmentation Fiocco and Colombo [1964] base their principal argument on an expression (their equation 1) which is in fact an identity and not a functional relation. They compare this identity with the expression for the backscattering cross section σ [Van de Hulst, 1957, p. 285] for perfectly reflecting single spheres as a function of the relative size parameter x = 2πa/λ, where a is the radius of the sphere. Under these conditions and these alone, it may be said that a single particle (or a given constant number of uniform particles of the same size) may show an enhancement of scattering cross section σ, with increasing or decreasing size, depending on the region in a σ versus x diagram. On the basis of the laser wavelength and independent experimental evidence of the mesospheric particles, the authors then tentatively conclude that the peak laser echoes observed between 110 and 120 km are due to meteoric fragmentation into the optimum size with radius around 0.10 micron.


Human genome-wide association studies have revealed a large number of genomic loci linked to cardiometabolic disease traits.1–3 However, for many of the gene variants identified, it remains unknown how they functionally influence the disease phenotype or whether these genes represent new therapeutic targets. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS1 , which encodes Δ-5 fatty acid desaturase, have been identified in many large genome-wide association studies as strongly linked to cardiometabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, liver enzyme elevation, and coronary artery disease.1–9 The underlying mechanisms by which variants of FADS1 link to these phenotypes is unknown. FADS1 is the only mammalian Δ-5 fatty acid desaturase enzyme capable of introducing a double bond at carbon 5 (from the carboxyl group) leading to the synthesis of the critically important polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3, ω-6) and eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4, ω-3), respectively (Figure).10

Figure.
The knockdown of Δ-5 fatty acid desaturase Fads1 impacts metabolic disease parameters by altering the balance of proinflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators in a diet-specific manner. A , Enzymes and fatty acids that comprise the ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid pathways leading to the synthesis of proinflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators. The murine fatty acid desaturase 1 gene ( Fads1 ) encodes the enzyme Δ-5 fatty acid desaturase and catalyzes the conversion of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3, ω-6) or eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20:4, ω-3) to arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4, ω-6) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, ω-3), respectively. B , The impact of Fads1 knockdown by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) in Ldlr −/− mice fed diets enriched in ω-6 AA precursors ( left ) or diets enriched in ω-3 EPA precursors ( right ). Inflammation, mRNA expression, metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, and atherosclerosis were assessed primarily in liver, …


Collaborative Programming is characterized by groups of people issuing instructions to computer systems. Collaborative Programming languages differ from traditional programming languages because instruction sets can be incomplete and conflicting, and more of the burden for efficient execution is placed on the computer system. This paper introduces Collaborative Programming and through the discussion of two practical examples argues that tools from logic and automated reasoning form a good foundation for Collaborative Programming technology while at the same time illustrating the need for nonstandard automated reasoning techniques.


Infrared thermography technology has improved dramatically in recent years and is gaining renewed interest in medicine for applications such as skin tissue identification, breast reconstruction using DIEP flaps, psoriasis etc. However, there is still a need for an optimized measurement setup and protocol to acquire the most appropriate images for decision-making and further processing. Nowadays, different cooling methods are used, but a general optimized cooling protocol has not been defined yet. In this manuscript, a standardized cooling technique and measurement setup, are reviewed and optimized. It is possible to improve the thermal images by choosing an appropriate cooling method, cooling, and optimized measurement setup


Mature landfill leachates are characterized by high levels of ammoniacal nitrogen which must be reduced for discharge in the sewer system and further treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants. The use of anammox-based processes can allow for an efficient treatment of ammonium-rich leachates. In this work, two real scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), designed to initially perform partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) and simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) for the treatment of ammonium-rich urban landfill leachate, were modelled using BioWin 6.0 in order to enable plant-wide modelling and optimizing. The constructed models were calibrated and validated using data from long- and short-term (one cycle) SBR operation and fit well to the main physical-chemical parameters (i.e., ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations) measured during short-term (one cycle) operations. Despite the different strategies in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and aeration and mixing patterns applied for SBR operation, the models allowed for understanding that in both reactors the PN/A process was shown as the main contributor to nitrogen removal when the availability of organic carbon was low. Indeed, in both SBRs, the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria was inhibited due to high levels of free ammonia, whereas anammox bacteria were active due to the simultaneous presence of ammonium and nitrite and their ability to recover from DO inhibition. Increasing the external carbon addition, a prompt decrease of the anammox biomass was observed, with SPND becoming the main nitrogen removal mechanism. Models were also applied to estimate the production rates of nitrous oxide by aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifiers. The models were found to be a robust tool for understanding the effects of different operating conditions (i.e, temperature, cycle phases, DO concentration, external carbon addition) on the nitrogen removal performances of the two reactors, assessing the contribution of the different bacterial groups involved.


The ofloxacin tablets 2× 100mg were administered to 9 healthy volunteers under the conditions of fasting and after meal in a cross-over time.The HPLC method was used to determine ofloxacin concentrations in serum and urine.The results showed that food had little influence on the bioavailability, but delayed the absorption rate of ofloxacin.The Parameters Tmax in fasting and postprandial were 1.1±0.3 and 2.2± 0.3h(P0.01).Cmax were 1.9± 0.4 and 1.31± 0.19 mg/ L(P0.01),AUC0-24 were13± 4 and 11.7±2.4 mg·h/ L(P0.05) and the amounts of ofloxacin excreted in urine within 24 h were 69%±6%and 67%±4%(P0.05)respectively.


This is the first study to relate syrphid life history traits to environmental variables with a multi-trait approach. We aimed to answer two questions: 1. Do syrphid species respond to small scale changes in environmental variables in seasonally flooded grasslands in a Central European floodplain (Elbe)? 2. Can species response to environmental variables be explained by the biological characteristics of the species expressed by their life history traits? Despite their large mobility, syrphids did respond significantly to small scale changes in environmental variables (groundwater (GW) depth, cation exchange capacity, amplitude of variation of the GW-depth). On the other hand, the biological traits of the syrphids did not sufficiently explain syrphid occurrence at the sites. Possible explanations are discussed and an outlook for further studies is given. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Suicide is a serious social problem across the world. In this article we examine suicide rates in three Western countries over a longer period of time than is typically considered to determine if extended underlying patterns are discernable. Since assumptions of traditional time series analyses are likely violated with such long-term data, we have utilized Hidden Markov probability models in analyzing yearly suicide data (including birth sex) over a 60-year period across three countries (Canada, USA, and Great Britain). Apart from the expected larger numbers of suicides by males across all three countries, we uncovered two underlying states of 25.39 and 12.61 years duration within which differing trends for males and females are evident.


Introduction By an im-bundle we mean amy quasi-bundle (i.e. any singular vector bundle) which cam be represented as sin image of an endomorphism of a locally trivial bundle. Some properties of the category ImVB of im-bundles are presented in [4] and [5]. Any im-bundle £ over a space X determines a decomposition of this base space into the sets over which the dimensions of fibres are constant. By a filtered space denoted X we mean any space X together with a fixed decomposition of such kind. Observe that in a natural way we can define the semiring ImVB(X) (with respect to Whitney sum and tensor product) of isomorphism classes of im-bundles which give the same decomposition of X. Then the K-functor may be applied. Let us denote K(ImVB(X)) by K (X). The main i 111 theorem of this paper says that


The AEgIS Experiment is an international collaboration based at CERN whose aim is to perform the first direct measurement of the gravitational acceleration g of antihydrogen in the gravitational field of the Earth. Cold antihydrogen will be produced with a pulsed charge exchange reaction in a cylindrical Penning trap where antiprotons will be cooled to 100mK. The cold antihydrogen will be produced in an excited Rydberg state and subsequently formed into a beam. The deflection of the antihydrogen beam will be measured by using Moire deflectometer gratings. After being approved in late 2008, AEgIS started taking data in a commissioning phase early 2012. This report presents an overview of the AEgIS experiment, describes its current status and shows the first measurements on antiproton catching and cooling in the 5 T Penning catching trap. We will also present details on the techniques needed for the 100mK antihydrogen production, such as pulsed positronium production and its excitation with lasers.


Abstract Fifty-seven skilled performers and 31 control subjects were measured for auditory and visual perception of rhythm plus motor response to both auditory and visual rhythms. Greater variation was found in visual perception than auditory, and dancers and athletes did not appear to have any greater ability to perceive either type of rhythm than a control group. However, skilled dancers, swimmers, tennis players, and the combined group of skilled athletes performed significantly better than the control subjects in tests of motor response to both types of rhythms. Dancers also showed better response to auditory rhythms than the basketball players, who did not differ from the control group in any of the performance measures. For all groups motor response proved to be either quite accurate or highly inaccurate. There was no evidence that experience in either music or dance had any relationship to rhythmic perception or rhythmic performance.


With the continuous deepening of new rural construction,the rural greening and beautifying are becoming more and more important.The rural greening is investigated in Beijing suburb,and six problems are founed,which influences the successful development of rural greening,as well as the long-term development of new rural civilization construction.The suggestions are put forward.


This article offers a way of getting solids from railcar to slurry while avoiding such problems as agglomeration, spillage and dusting.


The invention discloses raw materials for preparing chili oil. The raw materials comprise chili powder, edible salt, monosodium glutamate, pepper powder, vegetable oil, fermented beans, sesame, walnut meat, dried toona sinensis particles, dried pepper leaves, castor oil, mint oil, sesame oil, star anise oil, walnut oil and daurian rhododendron oil. The raw materials disclosed by the invention overcome the defects that the existing raw materials for preparing the chili oil are single in nutritional ingredient, single in function and weak in interestingness; and the invention provides the raw materials which are rich in nutritional ingredient, rich in function and strong in interestingness for preparing the chili oil, and a preparation method of the raw materials.


This paper presents the comprehensive analysis results of the state of the lower and upper ionosphere during an X-class X-ray flare that occurred on June 10, 2014. The method we developed has allowed us to estimate the parameters of the lower ionosphere during a solar flare by the amplitude-phase characteristics of electromagnetic radiation in the VLF range. Comparison of these results with the value of the increment of the total electron content (TEC) obtained from the GNSS receiver located at the Geophysical Observatory «Mikhnevo» showed that the contribution of the D-region (50-80 km) to the change in the TEC value can be 34% at the peak of the X-ray flux.


A clipper seam for use with a pintle or lacing unit to join adjacent ends of a papermakers belt or the like. The clipper seam comprises two seam webbings, each of which is woven as a one-piece unit to form a pocket for receiving one of the ends of the papermakers belt. As woven, the pocket is defined by first and second flaps, each of the flaps having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surfaces being in a spaced relationship to define the pocket, which is adapted to receive one of the ends of the papermakers belt. Each of the outer surfaces define a stepped, tapered construction. A tongue portion also forms part of the seam webbing. Recessed margins are provided on both the top and bottom surfaces of the tongue, near the distal end or selvage of the tongue. A plurality of clipper hooks adapted to receive one or more pintles are secured to the tongue within the recessed margin. The end of the papermakers belt is secured within the pocket through the use of stitching threads buried in the seam webbing.


Irrigation performance is an indicator to description irrigation system management, Assesment Performance based on Permen PU 32/2007 made to the 6 (six) parameters including; Physical Infrastructure, Plant Productivity, Supporting Facilities, Personnel Organization, Documentation and Water User Association (P3A), whereas the assessment is carried out by evaluation method of MASSCOTE with Rapid Appraisal Procedure (RAP) which is a set of systematic procedures to diagnose obstacles, performance and level services in the system irrigation to 4 (four) main indicators include; Service Indicator, P3A Indicator, Human Resource of Operator Indicator, and Channel Operations Modernization indicator, performance assessment are taken by surveyor of respondents Operator irrigation, and farmers P3A, Show performance index by Permen PU 32/2007 gave the value 74.24% which has Well Performance Operations and Maintenance of Barugbug Irrigation, while the MASSCOTE methode show Performance 2.7 in level of Service which has Less Well Performance of Service and Operations Irrigation Channels. Based on the path analysis found significant influence with 4 (four) main indicator variables X1, X2, X3 and X4 to irrigation system performance variable (Y) of 0,701 or 70.1% with a residual error of 0.299 or 29.9%.


We utilize the differential kernel representation concept to convert a nonlinear closed-loop identification problem into one of open-loop identification utilizing a nonlinear version of the Youla parametrization. The main advantage of our approach using kernel representations over fractional descriptions is that we address a larger class of nonlinear systems.


The main focus of the thesis project from the geographical point of view is the most dangerous criminal generation of maps and sectors.
These maps allow criminal graphically discover how the various criminal variables are distributed in space. To assist in the identification of agglomeration or dispersion of criminal variables and their special relationship with the situational and social characteristics. In presenting the results in graphical form facilitates the development of work plans aimed at targeting prevention and control. For the generation of tort sector map use behavioral data ie where certain behaviors occur, ie the place where criminal acts occur through the development of a database.


A compound represented by the following general formula (1) or one of its salts: in which R 1 represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 8 alkyl group which may have at least one substituent, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group which may have the less a substituent, an aryl group that can have at least one substituent, a heterocyclic group that can have at least one substituent, a hydroxy group, an ester of a hydroxy group, a C1-C8 alkoxy group that can have at least one substituent, a C3-C8 cycloalkyloxy group which may have at least one substituent, an aryloxy group which may have at least one substituent, a heterocyclyloxy group which may have at least one substituent, a mercapto group, an ester of a mercapto group, a C1-C8 alkylthio group which it can have at least one substituent, a C3-C8 cycloalkylthio group that can have at least one substituent, an arylthio group that can have at least one substituent, a heterocyclylthio group that can have at least one substituent. a amino group, a C1-C8 alkylamino group that can have at least one substituent, a C3-C8 cycloalkylamino group that can have at least one substituent, an arylamino group that can have at least one substituent, a heterocyclylamino group that can have at less a substituent, an amide of an amino group, an amide of a C1-C8 alkylamino group which may have at least one substituent, an amide of a C3-C8 cycloalkylamino group which may have at least one substituent, an amide of an alkylamino group which may having at least one substituent, an amide of a heterocyclylamino group that can have at least one substituent, a formyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group with a C1-C8 alkyl group that can have at least one substituent, a cycloalkylcarbonyl group with a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group which may have at least one substituent, an arylcarbonyl group that may have at least one substituent, a heterocyclylcarbonyl group which may have at least one substituent, a carboxy group, an ester of a carboxy group, an amide of a carboxy group, a C1-C8 alkylsulfonyl group that can have at least one substituent, a C3-C8 cycloalkylsulfonyl group that can have at least one substituent, an arylsulfonyl group that can have at less a substituent, a heterocyclylsulfonyl group which may have at least one substituent, a sulfonic acid group, an ester of an sulfonic acid group, an amide of a sulfonic acid group, a nitro group or a cyano group.


We empirically investigate the properties of the search space and the behavior of hill-climbing search for solving hard, random Boolean satis ability problems. In these experiments it was frequently observed that rather than attempting to escape from plateaus by extensive search, it was better to completely restart from a new random initial state. The optimumpoint to terminate search and restart was determined empirically over a range of problem sizes and complexities. The growth rate of the optimum cuto is faster than linear with the number of features, although the exact growth rate was not determined. Based on these empirical results, a simple run-time heuristic is proposed to determine when to give up searching a plateau and restart. This heuristic closely approximates the empirically determined optimum values over a range of problem sizes and complexities, and consequently allows the search algorithm to automatically adjust its strategy for each particular problem without prior knowledge of the problem's complexity.


A means for enabling UAVs (unmanned air vehicles) to achieve and eventually exceed the capabilities of a human pilot must be developed before UAVs can achieve their potential. The safety, reliability, and capability exhibited by UAVs require an enormous amount of improvement to match that of manned aircraft. An approach towards achieving this goal is presented. The approach is centered on the concept of the "active state." Active state provides a framework for an air vehicle to acquire information about itself (e.g. dynamic states, subsystem data, etc.) and it's operational environment (e.g. weather, terrain, air traffic, targets, threats, etc.), analyze the data for pertinent information (subsystem health status, system resources such as fuel, weather hazards, traffic conflicts, etc.), and produce rational decisions resulting in robust, successful, and safe pursuit of mission goals.


Objective To investigate the role of synergism of interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-18 in pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune neuritis(EAN) as well as the effect of NKR-P1+ cells on the synergism.Methods Rat model of EAN was established by immunization of Lewis rats with 200 μl of immune emulsion containing 230 μg of specific peptide P2 53-78,2 mg of tuberculin,100 μl of PBS and 100 μl of incomplete Freund adjuvant.The lymph nodes of rats at peak incidence were isolated,from which monocyte suspension was prepared and,in presence or absence of NKR-P1 + cells,co-cultured with IL-12(20 ng/ml),IL-18(25 ng/ml) and IL-12(20 ng/ml) + IL-18(25 ng/ml) respectively.The monocyte suspension in each group was stimulated with 20 μg/ml P2 53-78 for 24 h,and transferred to normal Lewis rats at a dosage of 1 × 107 live monocytes per rat.The rats were observed for signs of disease daily and subjected to clinical score,of which the sciatic nerves were subjected to histopathological examination.The secretion levels of IFNγ,TNF-α and IL-4 in culture supernatant of monocytes were determined by ELISA,while the proliferative reaction of P2 53-78 specific lymphocytes by lymphocyte proliferation test.Results P2 53-78 specific lymphocytes stimulated with IL-12 or IL-18 alone caused moderate EAN,while those co-stimulated with IL-12 and IL-18 caused aggressive EAN.However,the lymphocytes with NKR-P1+ cells deleted caused severe EAN and,after co-culture with IL-12 + IL-18,induced low IFNγ level and inhibited Th1 differentiation,of which the auto-reactivity was inhibited.Conclusion The co-stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 enhanced the anto-reactivity of P2 53-78 specific lymphocytes,induced high levels of IFNγ and promoted the differentiation of Th1 cells partially through NKR-P1 + cells.


Vanadium(V) oxytrinitrate is an easy to handle reagent which can be used to nitrate a range of substituted aromatic compounds in dichloromethane at room temperature, leading to >99% yields of nitration products in most cases.


Speech synthesis technology is evolving from the concept of converting texts into voices to directly learning and imitating user voices. In the past, the voice was generated through several stages of recording frequently used sentences and synthesizing text into sounds that wanted to be converted. However, due to the limitations of naturalness and accuracy, research has been conducted to overcome this in various fields such as phonetics, linguistics, and statistics, and now the development of big data, AI technology, and parallel processing technology has increased to reflect human tone and timbre. If the voice information, which is one of the biometric information that can be used as personally identifiable information, can be made so natural that it is difficult for a machine to distinguish it from a human, personal information may be invaded by a security threat that may exist at any time. Therefore, in this paper, we explain representative speech synthesis models and introduce voice generation models, which are applications, to find out how to convert and synthesize Korean into other languages, and to look at what may become a security issue in the future.


Long-chain a ,w-dicarboxylic acids (DCA) are versatile chemical intermediates useful as raw materials for the preparation of perfumes, polymers, and adhesives (Stephen, 1991). Various strains of Candida tropicalis are known to produce DCA ranging in chain lengths from C11 through C18 when cultured on alkanes or fatty acids as the carbon source. It has been established that the alkane degradation pathway exists in various microorganisms, notably the yeast Candida (Fig. 1). Following transport into the cell, n-alkane substrates are hydroxylated to fatty alcohols by a specific cytochrome P450 system (Buechler and Lowenastein, 1990), which is the key enzyme of a-oxidation and w-oxidation. Two further oxidation steps, catalysed by alcohol oxidase (Casey et al., 1990; Martine, 1997) and by aldehyde dehydrogenase, lead to the corresponding fatty acid (a-oxidation). The fatty acids can be further oxidized through the same pathway (w-oxidation) to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. However, fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids can both be transmitted into microbodies by carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT), then degraded by the b-oxidation (Cronin, 1997; Sun et al., 1995). Whether the aim was to study biochemistry and genetics of the pathway or to exploit it by causing the acIsolation and enzyme determination of Candida tropicalis mutants for DCA production


The current limiting function, along with the other field boundary conditions, is used to obtain the approximate modified dispersion equation for the dielectric-loaded rectangular planar tape helix (PTH). The additional boundary condition employing the current limiting function confines the current density distribution within the surface region of the tape helix, thereby nullifying the fields in the gap regions of the PTH. Despite the increase in complexity of the electromagnetic boundary value problem, the accurate dispersion equation is derived, simplified, and verified for mathematical symmetricity. The derived dispersion equation is numerically computed for $\beta_{0a}(k_{0a})$ with a significant convergence rate for each root of the $\beta_{0a}$ function. The dispersion characteristics consisting of fundamental harmonic and few additional harmonics is plotted from a finite number of simultaneous equations approximated from an infinite set.


Much of the recent'progress in identifying and understanding the positive and negative controls that regulate plant gene expression has relied on techniques that permit the reintroduction and transient or stable expression of modified genes. This progress has been limited particularly in monocots by the available technology for DNA introduction into plant cells and whole plants. In this issue, two reports expand the repertoire of techniques available for gene studies in monocots. Until recently, plant-derived transient expression systems followed the animal cell culture approach: protoplasts are prepared from plants or cell cultures, suitable DNA constructions with markers and reporters are introduced directly (often by electroporation), and expression of the introduced gene is assayed. This approach is rapid, relatively inexpensive, reproducible, and generally applicable to many dicot and monocot species. The major disadvantage is that protoplasts rapidly become "generic" plant cells that no longer reflect the gene expression patterns of the original differentiated cells. Although this dedifferentiation is unimportant for studies of general controls on gene expression, it makes the protoplast system much more difficult to apply to studies of gene expression in differentiated cells and to studies of developmental, physiological, or environmental controls. In this issue, Dekeyser et al. (pages 591-602) show that modified techniques for electroporation-mediated DNA introduction permit the transient expression of genes introduced into intact tissues, including leaf bases, sheaths, and laminae. The transient expression of several genes was correctly regulated by light and position in these tissues, although not all genes tested were expressed. The authors describe experiments with leaf tissues from rice, maize, and wheat, and suggest (but do not yet show) that the technique could be adapted to other species and to other tissues. This electroporation method appears to deliver DNA to six cell layers in some regions of the leaf. A caveat is that leaves are cut into segments and incubated for several hours before treatment with DNA, possibly disturbing the metabolism of leaf cells or even inducing wound responses. Nonetheless, when fully characterized, it may circumvent the need for a time-consuming transgenic system for many context-dependent expression studies in maize, rice, and other monocots. The great experimental advantages of maize for the study of development and genetics have attracted many researchers and have resulted in a huge resource of mapped genes, molecular probes, chromosomal rearrangements, and other tools (see Wessler and Hake, 1990). It has been a source of frustration to the same researchers that maize has not proved as easy to stably transform as many plants without as rich a scientific background. For many dicotyledonous plants, the Agrobacterium-mediated construction of transgenic plants has become a routine and reliable experimental tool. Although this system may be adaptable to the monocot rice (Raineri et al., 1990), there are no reports of success with maize. Maize is finally yielding to the stable transgenic approach as well. Recently, an alternative method-microprojectile bombardment-has been demonstrated to be an effective means of introducing DNA for expression in intact tissues of this and other monocot species (Sanford, 1988). Until now, no reports have appeared in the reviewed literature describing fertile transgenic maize plants resulting from this or any other transformation method. In this issue, Gordon-Kamm et al. (pages 603-61 8) describe the recovery of fertile transgenic maize plants using a combination of microprojectile bombardment of embyrogenic cell cultures and optimized selection of transformants. Although a landmark advance, this approach still requires considerable resources and time for regeneration of plants and is subject to the phenotypic variability exhibited in plants regenerated from single cells. Both of the technical advances described in this issue should make it possible to take greater advantage of the sophisticated genetic and developmental systems that deserve further study in monocots such as maize.


This study is on the influence of mass communication on social change: a study of press reports on child labour and women trafficking. The study is aimed at addressing the problem of child labour and women trafficking in Rivers State. A total of 16 press reports were collected through purposive sampling from Rivers State University of Science and Technology Library and Newspaper morgues. These press reports on child labour and women trafficking were studied for 10 months at an interval of 2 months from September 2003 – June 2004. The press reports collected was content analyzed to determine their nature of report. All the press reports analyzed were favourable, they were in support of the fight against child labour and women trafficking; that government agencies, non-governmental organizations and the media have a role to play in putting an end to child labour and women trafficking; that child labour and women trafficking persist because parents and children are not adequately educated on the dangers of child labour and women trafficking;. From the summary of the finding, it was discovered that, some parents see their children as source of income because of poverty and ignorance, that majority of victims of child labour and women trafficking are born to parents of lower class. The researcher then recommends that the government agencies, non-governmental organizations and the media should join forces to educate the masses on the dangers of engaging in child labour and women trafficking and the suffering of trafficked children.


Kupang city is situated in a strategic geographic location flanked by the countries of East Timor and Australia, rendering the city to possess potential prospects in regards to the economy and prosperity of the community. As a follow-up to the sustainable development goals agenda, the local authority is to oversee global collaboration to achieve sustainability of urban, energy and natural resources. This study aims to provide an integrated model between greenhouse gas emissions reduction due to urban activities and the sustainable energy under the SDGs agenda as a case study in Kupang city. The results show share of household mix electricity consumption under GHG constraint as 0%~20% coming from renewable energy which increased rapidly on 14%~18% while the electricity supply increased dramatically between 27.67%~28.73% of the total percentage compared to the electricity generated from diesel. On a certain level of the total of electricity consumed and its greenhouse gases emissions constraint compared to total electricity coming from diesel the ratio is getting raise. Therefore, the optimal constraints at 14%~18% give the most significant allocation of resources energy supplied from the renewable energy system, while the greenhouse gases emissions which decreased dramatically are 874.1 tCO 2 e~833.4 tCO 2 e with a balanced distribution of added value for each sector. This study supports not only zero emissions and sustainable city but also provides a reference inventory of greenhouse gases emissions refers to regional action plan-greenhouse gases emission reduction.


Space syntax is an influential framework for quantifying the relationship between environmental geometry and human behavior. Although many studies report high syntactic–behavioral correlations, previous pedestrian data were collected at low spatiotemporal resolutions, and data transformations and sampling strategies vary widely; here, we systematically test the robustness of space syntax's predictive strength by examining how these factors impact correlations. We used virtual reality and motion tracking to correlate 30 syntactic measures with high resolution walking trajectories downsampled at 10 grid resolutions and subjected to various log transformations. Overall, correlations declined with increasing grid resolution and were sensitive to data transformations. Moreover, simulations revealed spuriously high correlations (e.g. R2 = 1) with sparsely sampled data (<23 locations). These results strongly suggest that syntactic–behavioral correlations are not robust to changes in spatiotemporal resolution, and that high correlations obtained in previous studies could be inflated due to transformations, data resolution, or sampling strategies.


Observers made subjective colour preference judgements about different arrangements of coloured objects in different scenes. While doing so, observers had to assess the importance (so-called weight) of every one of seven colour groups or hue groups (skin tone, red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple). The scenes were illuminated by high-CRI spectra at four different correlated colour temperatures (CCTs). Red and orange obtained the highest weights (this means that red and orange are the most important colours for subjective colour preference); yellow, green and blue were intermediate while skin tone had only a little weight. CCT had only a small effect while scene content (e.g. "office" vs. "painting") had a strong influence. Objects of higher chromaticity in the same colour group obtained a higher weight across the different scenes. Latter finding resulted into a predicting formula of the weights.


5. Radar apparatus for receiving radar echo signals of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output signals proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a subtracter circuit coupled to the respective outputs of the receiving means for producing a signal related to the difference between the two output signals, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for coupling said outputs of said receiving means to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, amplitude limiter means coupled to one of the outputs of said receiving means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of the first summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube, and the output of the second summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.


Objective: To offer scientific basis for reasonable medication by discussing the stability of compatibility of andrographolide injection and eight kinds of drugs commonly used in clinic. Methods: Eight kinds of drugs were dissolved or diluted in 5% glucose solution and physiological saline to prepare compatible solution according to their concentrations commonly used in clinic.In appearance, the changes of compatibility solution were observed in room temperature,in which, the changes of particles, pH value, UV absorption were determined at 0h,lh,2h,3h,4h respectively. Results: When andrographolide was dispensed with Amikacin, Netilmicin, Ofloxacin, sediment occurred ; but with Vitamin B6 injection, coenzyme A, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, Cefazolin Sodium, Metronidazole injection,the medical solution was clear in appearance without air bubbles .And the particles met criteria of Pharmacopeia within 4 hours. Conclusion: Andrographolide is not suitable to be dispensed with Amikacin, Netilmicin, Ofloxacin because of sediment, but it can be compatible with Vitamin B6 injection, coenzyme A, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, Cefazolin Sodium and Metronidazole injection.


N. W. Hardy, M. H. Lee, and D. P. Barnes. Knowledge engineering in robot control. In Proceedings of Expert Systems '83, pages 70-77, Cambridge, 1983.


We analyze the photoluminescence temperature behavior of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by heterogeneous droplet epitaxy. Morphologically, these dots are nanocrystal InGaAs inclusions in the GaAs matrix, with a concave disk shape and, more important, no wetting layer is connecting the dots. The photoluminescence of the dots does not show any of the typical of the Stranski–Krastanov dots temperature properties, such as sigmoidal peak energy position and linewidth narrowing. We demonstrate that such behavior stems from the lacking of the thermally activated dot–dot coupling channel provided by the wetting layer thus preventing the establishment of a common quasiequilibrium in the whole dot ensemble.


Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are regarded as potential inexpensive alternatives to conventional solid-state devices. The flexible version, employing conductive-plastic-film substrates, is appealing for commercialization of DSSCs because it not only reduces the weight and cost of the device but also extends their applications. However, the need for high temperature does not permit the use of plastic-film substrate. So, development of low-temperature methods is therefore realization of flexible DSSCs. In this work, the electrophoretic deposition combined with hydrothermal treatment was employed to prepare nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film at low temperature. We confirmed the prepared TiO2 thin films with different voltages and deposition times in the electrophoretic deposition process. Properties of the TiO2 films were investigated by various analysis method such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer.


We consider double Dirichlet series associated with arithmetic functions such as the von Mangoldt function, the M\"obius function, and so on. We show analytic continuations of them by use of the Mellin-Barnes integral. Furthermore we observe their reverse values at non-positive integer points.


Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas enormously impact the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent prolonged dry periods, extreme downpours with heavy heaviness or prolonged rainfall are an extreme problem for effective water management in cities. Extreme weather changes also risk the environment when infiltrating or relieving highly contaminated water from the first run-off. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution in which various pollutants are concentrated. In our research, we focus on evaluating water quality from surface run-off with an emphasis on concentrations of micropollutants. The analyses aim to assess concentrations of heavy metals, microplastics, and other pollutants in surface run-off concerning recipient water quality and groundwater quality. The research focuses on evaluating the current state of stormwater management in urbanized areas with a focus on the spread of pollution and the possibility of capturing such contaminated water with subsequent disposal to a wastewater treatment plant.


Aging proceeds with accumulation of senescent cells in multiple organs. Senescent cells become large in size compared to young cells, which promotes further senescence and age-related diseases. Currently, the molecular mechanism behind the maintenance of such huge cell architecture undergoing senescence remains poorly understood. Here we focus on reorganization of actin stress fibers induced upon replicative senescence of human fibroblasts, typically used as a senescent cell model. We identified, together with our previous proteomic study, that AP2A1 (alpha 1 adaptin subunit of the adaptor protein 2) is upregulated in senescent cells along the length of stress fibers, which are enlarged following the increase in the whole cell size. We then revealed that knockdown of AP2A1 in senescent cells suppresses key senescence-associated phenotypes, which include decreased cell area and lowered expression of major senescence markers. Meanwhile, AP2A1 overexpression in young cells induced the opposite effects that rather advance senescence, suggesting that AP2A1 may be used as a senescence marker. We found that AP2A1 is colocalized with integrin β1, and both of them move linearly along stress fibers. We further observed that focal adhesions are enlarged in senescent cells to reinforce cell adhesions to the substrate. These results suggest that senescent cells maintain their large size by strengthening the anchorage to the substrate by supplying integrin β1 via translocation along stress fibers. This mechanism may work efficiently in senescent cells, compared with a case relying on random diffusion of integrin β1, given the enlarged cell size and resulting increase in travel time and distance for endocytosed vesicle transportation.


In Ref. [1], Minkov et al. reported measurements of the magnetic moment that remains after a magnetic field is turned on and then turned off for hydride materials under high pressure in a diamond anvil cell. In Refs. [2,3], Minkov et al. reported magnetization measurements on the same samples as a function of applied magnetic field. Here we argue that the latter indicate that the signal measured in the former does not provide evidence for superconductivity in these samples. Instead, the measured signal likely originates in ferromagnetism of either the sample or the background.


This research aims to describe PowerPoint-based interactive multimedia products in learning multiple material mathematics and class IV factors of the Karangtengah Baru, Imogiri State Elementary School, and describe the feasibility of the product. This research uses a development method or Research and Development (R&D), which includes six stages of development. The results of this development study show that the product developed meets valid and practical criteria. The validity can be categorized as "Very Good", with an average score of 4.6 and a percentage of 92%. The assessment results from media experts are categorized as "Good", with an average score of 3.9 and a percentage of 78.7%. The assessment results from media experts are categorized as "Good", with an average score of 3.9 and a percentage of 78.7%. Assessment from class teachers is categorized as "Very Good", with an average score of 4.7 and a percentage of 95.7%. Practicality seen from student response assessments can be categorized as "Very Good", with an average score of 4.7 and a percentage of 94% of 10 students as respondents. Based on the above exposure, it can be concluded that PowerPoint-based interactive multimedia products are developed and feasible for use in Class IV elementary mathematics learning multiple materials and factors.


The Static Relaxation simulation and systematic analysis of the pore distribution in the amorphous Co–B, Co–P alloys with Pak – Doyam like pair potentials for all the bonds in systems have been carried out. Calculations showed the existence of large vac ancy – like pores in the amorphous state at the temperature 0 Kelvin (the native vacancies) . Th distinct differences of the effect of B, P concentration on the pore distribution in the amorphous Co – B , Co – P alloys were obtained and presented.


The invention relates to a blow molding grade halogen-free flame-retardant polypropylene material. A raw material formula of the polypropylene material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 32-81 percent of polypropylene, 0-1 percent of a thermal stabilizer, 0-1 percent of a lubricant, 2-10 percent of a toughening agent, 10-30 percent of a flame retardant, 2-6 percent of a compatilizer and 5-20 percent of an inorganic filler, wherein the polypropylene is ethylene propylene random copolymerized polypropylene of which the melt flowing rate is 0.01-10 g/10min and the ethylene mole content is less than or equal to 10 percent; and the flame retardant is a halogen-free phosphorus-nitrogen expandable flame retardant. The polypropylene material disclosed by the invention has excellent flame retardance, high thermal deformation temperature and high comprehensive physical property, and is particularly suitable for blow molding of automobile air channels.


The overall design plan of Yinchuan yellow river exlarger bridge past practice test.The observation result shows that there were no huge misplace shaping between new and old bridges and the drop of subsiding is within permission range in the past 3 years.So,the seperated widening scheme is a reasonable and safe scheme for bridge rehabilitation,as well as worth popularizing.


The invention discloses a short-circuit current limiting device of a magnetic saturation reactor, which is simple in structure, high in reliability and low in cost and has a direct current capable of self adjusting, and contributes to short-circuit current limitation. The structure comprises: a magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 and a direct current coil L2 are arranged on a magnetic saturation reactor iron core I; a magnetic saturation reactor coil L3 and a direct current coil L4 are arranged on a magnetic saturation reactor iron core II, wherein one end of the magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 is serially connected with one end of the magnetic saturation reactor coil L3, the other end of the magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 is connected with an input terminal, and the other end of the magnetic saturation reactor coil L3 is connected with the an output terminal; the direct current coil L2 and the direct current coil L4 are serially connected, and the other ends of the direct current coil L2 and the direct current coil L4 are connected with an output loop of a rectifying circuit; the rectifying circuit is connected with a secondary side winding L6 of a current transformer; and a primary side winding L5 of the current transformer is connected with the input terminal, and the other end of the primary side winding L5 is connected with an earthing terminal.


In this instrument the conductor being inspected is passed axially through a coil forming a part of the tuned circuit of an oscillator. Any flaws in the conductor cause a change in the tuning, and thus in the frequency generated, which is conveniently observed through heterodyning with a fixed frequency. By using high frequency, of the order of 6000 kilocycles, the response is limited to flaws near the surface of the conductor. This instrument is used in the factory inspection of tungsten wire, particularly for the location of longitudinal cracks, and is also effective in the determination of asymmetry of coated wires.


In order to develop the flat knitting fabric which is suitable for the shoe-upper material,based on the study of shoe-upper's performance,the current stitch for shoe upper was analyzed and divided into decorative and functional two categories. In view of different requirements of the various parts of the shoep-upper,different stitch in the knitting process were transformed in order to achieve high strength,permeation,tightening,decoration and so on. Using jacquard technology to make brand logo was an innovation. The feasibility was confirmed after contrasting it to the appearance of printing. Combined with computerized knitting machine technology,some of typical stitches were designed and practiced,and the knitting process was tested and optimized. As a whole,the flat knitting shoe-uppers had the advantage of lightweight,high strength, beautiful apperance, and comfort, achieving the unity of function and decoration.


As a response to the evolving information about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health agencies and organizations have been updating guidelines for infection prevention and control. McMullen et al made some predictions about increasing and decreasing hospital-acquired infection rates due to the crisis for COVID-19. Despite the numerous control challenges posed by severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus (SARS-CoV-2) in acute-care facilities, in some ways, we have been able to identify some " silver linings " or opportunities for improved infection control practices amidst the pandemic.


Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared by ion implantation and anodic oxidation. The prepared samples were applied in photocatalytic (PC) oxidation of methyl blue, rhodamine B, and bisphenol A under light irradiation. To explore the influence of doped ions on the band and electronic structure of TiO2, computer simulations were performed using the VASP code implementing spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). Both substitutional and interstitial nitrogen atoms were considered. The experimental and computational results propose that the electronic structure of TiO2 was modified because of the emergence of impurity states in the band gap by introducing nitrogen into the lattice, leading to the absorption of visible light. The synergy effects of tubular structures and doped nitrogen ions were responsible for highly efficient and stable PC activities induced by visible and ultraviolet (UV) light.


In this study, cyberbullying living frequency, what the cyber environments in which cyberbullying is lived are, and the relation between 'being victim of cyberbullying' and 'being cyberbullying' status and problem solving skill of university students are analysed. This research is done by attendance of 460 students from five different faculties of Cankiri Karatekin University. Data is collected by 'Cyberbullying and Internet Aggression Scanning Scale- CIASS" and "Problem Solving Inventory-PSI". Data is analysed with arithmetical average, standard deviation, percentage and correlation techniques. It is determined at the end of the research that 87% of the attendants are exposed to cyberbullying in the recent month. However, at the same period, it is determined that 13% of the attendances are exposed to cyberbullying. Also, in the recent month 3% of the attendants are found that they are doing cyberbullying. It is seen that cyberbullying occurs mostly in chat-rooms and facebook. It is determined that problem solving skills of the attendants is at the middle level. A negative relation between being exposed to cyberbullying and problem solving is determined. There is not a relation between being cyberbullying and problem solving.

 Key words: Cyberbullying, peer victimization, internet aggression, problem solving.


PDGF(Platelet-derived Growth Factors) is one member of VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors)family,which is one of the first discoverd oncogenes is consider to play an important role in the migration and proliferation of mesenchumal cells.PDGF and its receptor also play an important role in the development of anginogenesis,kidney,brain,cardiovascular and pulmonary alveoli during embryogenesis.Clinical researches showed that abnormal expression of PDGF and its factor is related to many diseases,such as tunor,coronary atherosclerosis,pulmonary fibrosis,mesangial proliferative nephritis and trauma and so on.


Early and accurate diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is important for patient care and for entry in clinical trials. Retrospective studies suggest that the use of the Awaji algorithm for the diagnosis of ALS is more sensitive for early diagnosis than the currently used revised El Escorial criteria.


This study was on nest and its site, measurement and building time of Common Kingfisher ( Alcedo atthis ) and White-throated Kingfisher ( Halcyon smyrnensis ) in Bangladesh. After pair formation, both species chose nearly 900 sloppy sandy-loam areas for nesting. The nests were tunnel-like, the length of which were 31 to 48 cm (median 36.5 cm, n = 8) for Common Kingfisher and 44 to 86 cm (median 59.25 cm, n = 10) for White-throated Kingfisher. The horizontal diameter of the outer opening of the hole of White-throated Kingfisher was almost double (6.5 to 14 cm, median 9.5 cm, n = 10) than Common Kingfisher (3.8 to 5 cm, median 4.25 cm, n = 8), whereas the vertical diameter was almost same (Common: 7.7 to 10 cm, median 4.25 cm, n = 8; and White-throated: 7.5 to 12 cm, median 10.5 cm, n = 10). The average horizontal and vertical diameters of ovalshaped egg chamber of Common Kingfisher were, 11 to 15 cm, respectively (median 12.7 cm, n = 8) and 11 to 13 cm (median 11.6 cm, n = 8) and Whitethroated Kingfisher 11 to 21 cm (median 17 cm, n = 10) and 10 to 16 cm (median 12 cm, n = 10). Both species reused old nests through cleaning (37.5% in Common Kingfisher and 50% in White-throated Kingfisher) and the nest building periods were 12 to 20 days (16.1 ± 2.5 days, n = 8) and 8 to 18 days (13.2 ± 3.5 days, n = 10), respectively. Bangladesh J. Zool. 44 (1): 99-109, 2016


Pachykytospora tuberculosa is a fungus that is known in the western hemisphere only from southern Arizona. It is associated with white rot of Arizona white oak (Quercus arizonica Sarg.). Although this plant is of no : economic importance for lumber, its recreational and watershed values should not be overlooked. In this research, morphological and physiological studies of this fungus were carried out. Ten isolates were cultured from the basidiocarps obtained from the field. Microscopic examinations revealed that two hyphal types are present in both basidiocarps and cultures, the thin-^walled generative hyphae with clamp connections, frequent branching and occasional swellings j and thickwalled skeletal hyphae with occasional branching, and swellings. The optimum temperature for growth is 25°C and growth is inhibited at 30°C and above. There was no success in the investigation on the carbon utilization since this fungus did not grow in any of the liquid media used. The fungus showed extreme variability and erratic growth in culture. Swollen and highly contorted hyphae are present in .some cultures. The fungus fruits" ' poorly In vitro, and It seems to require an additional metabolite, presumably tannin or tannin derivative, for good vegetative growth. It grows much better on malt extract agar medium containing oak twigs.


Due to their numerous uses in manufacturing and modern society, Human Following robots have been studied and actively developed for many years. The robot needs to use a variety of methods, including robot control algorithm, human target detection, and obstacle avoidance. This project showcases a four-wheeled robot that follows people while equipped with an ultrasonic sensor to prevent collisions. The user is located by the robot using feedback from ultrasonic sensors. This robot can assist humans in carrying a variety of accessories, luggage, and highly sensitive chemicals in a number of different applications. Using ultrasonic sensors, an algorithm was created to track and position a human user while maintaining a constant distance from the robot. In the presence of numerous such obstacles, the IR sensors are used to uniquely identify the user. The most crucial element for an autonomous robot is communication between the robot and the user. There has been a noticeable increase in awareness of the use of these technologies. The creation of such robots is tangentially related to this research. Fully autonomous robots ought to be able to connect with the person controlling them in some way in addition to performing the tasks that are expected of them. Two IR sensors and an ultrasonic sensor are employed. Ultrasonic sensors are used to move the robot backward and IR sensors are used to follow a person or object.


Abstract:This essay reviews the emergence and diversification of LGBTQ+ approaches to children's literature from the early 1990s to the current moment.


*waLe ' viscous fluid' : RAR 'ua-vare ' spittle ', varevare ' sticky slime '. PPN *?ura ' crustacean ' : RAR ko-ura ' crayfish'. The reviewer disagrees with the form in which the Rarotongan word is cited in the following cases (the suggested emendation is given after the reconstruction). *fAJci ' reveal, confess ' : RAR ?a-?aki. *fee ' caterpillar ' : RAR ?e?e ' stick insect'. *yaheLe ' forest' : RAR ngd-ngd'ere. *pute ' bag, sack' : RAR pute. PPN *t(a,o)?{p,n)fufu ' ridge-pole ' : RAR td?u?u.


Abstract : An analysis of the modern technology employed in Electronic Warfare systems is carried out. Electronic and optical techniques presently used in the detection, localization, processing and identification of signals, linked with active and passive countermeasures and countercountermeasures are analyzed. Real-world designs and configurations are discussed with respect to effectiveness, reliability and design and operational trade offs. Topics are divided according the modern classification of Electronic Warfare covering confusion reflectors, masking and deceiver jammers, intercept receivers as well as the new field of Electro-Optical Electronic Warfare. Special characteristics inherent to the surface Navy are pointed out. In the Appendices, the experiment of a circuit devised to be useful in signal recognition is described, and a list of missiles with electronic and guidance characteristics is presented.


There is an internal vehicle body corrosion problem which can be most effectively controlled by petroleum-based rustproofing compounds. A series of laboratory tests are reported which can be used to accurately predict the application and performance characteristics of these compounds. It is also established that these compounds provide more effective internal protective coatings than conventional factory applied finishes.


Back Ground: Carcinoma cervix is the most common gynecological cancer. It is second most common cancer in women. Invasive cervical carcinoma appears at the age of 44 and 52 years. It was observed that HIV patients with cervical cancer presented a decade earlier than un HIV cancer cervix patients.  Primary treatment is guided by International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Stage IA, Primarily treated with surgery Radical Hysterctomy, Stage IA2 to IIA with surgery (or) radiation; Stage II B to IV B is treated with definite radiation (External beam radiotherapy brachy therapy). Aims: This study is carried out to asses. -       The response to radiotherapy in HIV seropositve  cancer cervix. -       To compare  the responses to radiotherapy in HIV positive and no HIV cancer cervix patients. -       Addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiation in medical fit HIV patients can replicate the same beneficiary effects as non-HIV cancer cervix counter parts. Methods: Total of 52 HIV positive (HIV was screened with ELISA) and 52 non HIV cases cervix were selected depending upon the histopathological report. All patients were given only RT and concurrent chemo-radiation. Results: Stage wise distribution of cancer cervix  in HIV and non HIV patient was compared in either groups Stage III B (35.46% in HIV and 40.38% in non HIV) followed by Stage-IIB (34.61% in both HIV and non HIV groups) . Stage wise response to only RT and CONCURRENT CHEMORADITION in HIV and non HIV cancer cervix patients. The comparative analysis of RTVS CONCURRENT CHEMORADITION in HIV positive group has shown that stage IB to II A and III A all the patients  have complete response to only radiotherapy. All patients received only radiotherapy with minimal side effects like diarrhea and vomiting in concurrent chemo radiotherapy these side effects increased. Conclusion: This study is four arm study conducted in basically HIV and non HIV cancer cervix patients receiving only RT and CC RT. Responses assessed with only RT and CONCURRENT CHEMORADITION in HIV and non HIV groups shows additional benefit with addition of chemotherapy.


College psychology healthy education should be based on learning about the college students at first,so the has finished the questionnaires and the interviews for 4 244 fresh students.Among them,42.49% could not get on well with the other students;18.43% has a mental pressure or burden,59.72% of them often use this word or be under the status of gloomy.It is obviously that college students have a good self-conscious ability,but they cannot be suitable with new surroundings,and cannot deal with the relationship with other students,and has a single psychology developing way.In the authors opinion,the managers of colleges should take care of their body mental development at first;then,they should train the professional or vocational skills;moreover,the psychology healthy education internet should be set up gradually;lastly,the headteachers' ability should be improved;the methods also should be changed so as to realize the goal of improving psychology education effectively.


We measured the nitrogen (N) isotopic composition (δ15N) of a large set (n = 38) of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) samples isolated from the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The δ15N signature of surface HMW DON is relatively invariable in both oligotrophic basins (4.1 ± 0.6‰ in the Atlantic; 5.4 ± 0.8‰ in the Pacific) and shows little correlation with sources or concentrations of N supporting new production in the euphotic zone. While large variations in δ15N of bulk HMW DON are not apparent, δ15N of proteins isolated from sites with relatively high rates of N2 fixation (>80 µmol N m−2 d−1) were consistently depleted in 15N relative to bulk HMW DON and to proteins isolated from sites where N2 fixation does not routinely occur. This small component of HMW DON appears to be cycling more rapidly than bulk HMW DON and may be indicative of fresh DON contributed by organisms in the surface ocean. Furthermore, δ15N of DNA extracted from the bacterial size fraction (0.2‐0.5 µm) revealed that free‐living bacteria may be an important sink for isotopically depleted N produced during N2 fixation. We suggest that there exists a tight coupling between the production and uptake of DON contributed by diazotrophs (N2 fixers) in regions where N2 fixation provides a major input of new nitrogen.


Nowadays, people have put more attention on the timer structure. Through this study of repeated comparison tests, we concluded how to greatly improve bending capacity of the beam.


In this dissertation, which consists of four papers, I discuss questions in the literature on cultural transmission by building upon the work of Bisin and Verdier (2001). Thereby, in the first three papers the main focus of the analysis is on the ability of the discussed economic models of cultural transmission to explain the pervasive empirical evidence of the resilience of cultural traits and of the persistence of cultural diversity, while in the fourth paper I further focus on how the emergence, revival and extinction of cultural traits can be explained. The first paper is titled "Note on 'The Economics of Cultural Transmission and the Dynamics of Preferences', Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 97, no. 2, 2001, pp. 298-319, by A. Bisin and T. Verdier". In this paper, I point out an error in the paper of Bisin and Verdier (2001), suggest a potential remedy, and finally show that the concept of cultural substitution by Bisin and Verdier is not as general as desirable.In the second paper, with the title "The Economics of Cultural Transmission and the Dynamics of Preferences Reconsidered: A new Criterion for the Persistence of Cultural Diversity in Cultural Transmission Models", I build upon the insights of the first paper and propose a generalized concept of cultural substitution, which I call the concept of "sectional cultural substitution". As I show, the concept I propose requires quite weak assumptions on the socialization behavior of parents, and much weaker assumptions than the concept of cultural substitution by Bisin and Verdier (2001). Therefore, the concept of sectional cultural substitution is a much more generally applicable criterion for the persistence of cultural diversity than the concept of cultural substitution. Further, while the empirical evidence does not fully support the concept of cultural substitution, the concept of sectional cultural substitution seems to be completely supported.In the third paper, titled "A general Model of Parents' Influence in Cultural Transmission", I extend the model of Bisin and Verdier (2001) by assuming that parents are not only able to influence the probability with which their children become directly socialized to their parents' traits, but additionally also have influence on the socialization of their children through society as a whole. Thereby, the central question is whether the endogenous cultural transmission model introduced by Bisin and Verdier (2001) is able to explain the empirically observed persistence of cultural diversity also under such less restrictive assumptions on the influence of parents on the socialization of their children. As I can show, the qualitative results with respect to the distribution of the cultural traits on the level of the society remain unchanged under broad conditions.Finally, in the fourth paper, with the title "Emergence, Resilience, Extinction and Revival of Cultural Traits: Cultural Transmission and the Dynamics of Preferences under Endogenous Socialization Preferences of Parents", I develop a general model of cultural transmission under purposeful socialization on the parts of parents by introducing into the model of Bisin and Verdier (2001) the assumption that the utilities that parents derive from children with one versus another trait depend on the cultural composition of the society, and may also change over time. Further, in an extension of the model, I assume that the probabilities, with which children are socialized to a trait during oblique socialization, reflect the children's overall preferences regarding the adoption of different traits. Thereby, the children's preferences may depend on both social influences and children's predispositions, on the parents' cultural trait, and are allowed to vary over time as well. Together, this model permits to not only explain the enduring resilience of cultural traits, which has been the focus of the theoretical literature on cultural transmission up to date, but also the emergence of new cultural traits, the revival of before rare or extinct cultural traits, and the extinction of cultural traits, potentially after long periods of resilience.Together, the results of this dissertation show that cultural transmission models, in which the transmission of cultural traits to children depends on purposeful socialization on the parts of parents, are able to explain the persistence of cultural diversity and the resilience of cultural traits under much more general conditions than previously known. Above, under less restrictive assumptions on the processes of cultural transmission, such models are even capable of accounting for the emergence, revival and extinction of cultural traits.


The (180)3 third-order mixed sensitivities of the leakage response of a polyethylene-reflected plutonium (PERP) experimental benchmark with respect to the benchmark's 180 microscopic total cross sections have been computed in accompanying works [1] [2]. This work quantifies the contributions of these (180)3 third-order mixed sensitivities to the PERP benchmark's leakage response distribution moments (expected value, variance and skewness) and compares these contributions to those stemming from the corresponding first- and second-order sensitivities of the PERP benchmark's leakage response with respect to the total cross sections. The numerical results obtained in this work reveal that the importance of the 3rd-order sensitivities can surpass the importance of the 1st- and 2nd-order sensitivities when the parameters' uncertainties increase. In particular, for a uniform standard deviation of 10% of the microscopic total cross sections, the 3rd-order sensitivities contribute 80% to the response variance, whereas the contribution stemming from the 1st- and 2nd-order sensitivities amount only to 2% and 18%, respectively. Consequently, neglecting the 3rd-order sensitivities could cause a very large non-conservative error by under-reporting the response variance by a factor of 506%. The results obtained in this work also indicate that the effects of the 3rd-order sensitivities are to reduce the response's skewness in parameter space, rendering the distribution of the leakage response more symmetric about its expected value. The results obtained in this work are the first such results ever published in reactor physics. Since correlations among the group-averaged microscopic total cross sections are not available, only the effects of typical standard deviations for these cross sections could be considered. Due to this lack of correlations among the cross sections, the effects of the mixed 3rd-order sensitivities could not be quantified exactly at this time. These effects could be quantified only when correlations among the group-averaged microscopic total cross sections would be obtained experimentally by the nuclear physics community.


Glutamate homeostasis plays a critical role in mediating the addiction‐related behaviors. Therefore, preventing the disruption or reestablishing of it is a novel strategy for the treatment of addiction. Glutamate transporters are responsible for clearing extracellular glutamate and maintaining glutamate homeostasis. Our previous work demonstrated that aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) deficiency attenuated morphine dependence, but the mechanisms are unclear. According to the recent evidence that AQP4 might form a functional complex with glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1), this study focused on whether AQP4 participates in the modulation of GLT‐1 and glutamate homeostasis in morphine‐dependent mice.


Underground gas storage plays an important role in natural gas markets. It is irreplaceable in peak shaving and gas supply safety assurance. In recent years, the construction of domestic gas storages has been developed fast, but still remained at the initial stage while compared with North America. This paper concludes the experiences in design,construction, operation and management of foreign gas storages based on detailed investigation and researches on status quo, operation and management and technical features of gas storages in North America. It is proposed as follows for the development of domestic gas storages, refer to the routine operation and management modes of gas storages in North America, strengthen the researches on drilling technologies, take the large-diameter horizontal wells and elevate injectionproduction ability of single well and highlight material innovation researches


Objective To examine the locus of control,coping styles and sleep behavior in patients with insomnia.Methods Sixty-eight patients met the criteria of CCMD-3 on insomnia and 68 normal sleeper were evaluated with the self-made questionnaire of sleep behaviors,the coping style questionnaire and the internal-external locus of control (I-E).Results The irrational beliefs and attitudes toward sleep,the dysfunctional sleep behaviors,the anxiety on evening,and the scores of I-E and of the self-blame in coping style were higher in the insomniacs than in normal controls (P0.01).The scores of problem-solving of the insomniacs were lower than that of the normal controls (P0.01).Conclusions The insomniacs had irrational beliefs and attitudes toward sleep,they had more dysfunctional sleep behaviors and higher anxiety on evening.Their ability of problem-solving was impaired and they incline to attribute their fate to external control.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the appearance of quinolone resistance gene(qnr)in Enterobacter cloacae for clinical treatment.METHODS E.cloacae was identified by VITEK-AMS;detection of qnr and extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs)resistant genes were performed by PCR.Plasmid conjugation test was used to determine the transmission of qnr.The antibotic susceptibility of E.cloacae was detected according to the CLSI guideline.RESULTS The incident rate of E.cloacae with qnr was 23.6% in 55 strains.The sensitive rate to ciprofloxacin was 46.2% in isolates with qnr,but it was 83.3% in isolates without qnr.qnr Genes of 38.2% ESBLs isolates were positive.Two strains harboring qnr genes were conjugated successfully.CONCLUSIONS ESBLs strains usually harbor qnr genes.qnr Genes can be horizontally transferred to recipient by plasmid conjugated test.


4-5 nm size InAs nanocrystals were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates from alkaline solution containing InCl3 and As2O. X-Ray diffraction and absorption spectra suggested that the deposition conditions (deposition time and temperature) had a profound influence on the structure and thickness of deposited layers. The optical absorption band edges shifted to lower energy when increasing the thickness with respect to the bulk material. The marked blue shift of the optical absorption edge indicated a strong quantum confinement effect in InAs films.


We review here the measurements of W-pair production and W decay rates performed by the four LEP experiments at ECM from 161 to 209 GeV, and their relevance in support of the standard electroweak model.


ABSTRACT This paper seeks to capture the dynamic interaction between the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19 and its effect on the macroeconomy, in absence of widespread vaccination. We do that by building a stylized two-equations dynamical system in the COVID-19 positivity rate and the unemployment rate. The solution of the system makes the case for an endemic equilibrium of COVID-19 infections, thus producing waves in the two variables in the absence of widespread immunity through vaccination. Furthermore, we model the impact of the pandemic-driven unemployment shock on output, showing how the emergence of cyclical downswings could determine a L-shaped recession in the medium run, in absence of adequate stimulus policies. Moreover, we simulate the model, calibrating it for the US. The simulation highlights the effects on unemployment and on overall economic activity produced by recurrent waves of COVID-19, which risk to jeopardize the coming back to the pre-crisis trend in the medium run.


A multi‐age rat model was evaluated as a means to identify a potential age‐related difference in liver injury following exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a known pediatric hepatotoxic agent. Different age groups of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats (10‐, 25‐, 40‐, 80‐day‐old) were administered VPA at doses of 160, 320, 500 or 650 mg kg−1 (i.p.) for 4 days. Animals from all age groups developed toxicity after treatment with VPA; however, the patterns of toxicity were dissimilar within each age group. The high dose of VPA caused significant lethality in 10‐ and 25‐day‐old rats. All doses of VPA caused decrease in the platelet counts (10‐, 25‐day‐old rats) and the rate of growth (40‐day‐old rats) and increases in the urine creatine concentration (high dose, 80‐day‐old rats). VPA induced hepatic and splenic alterations in all age groups. The most severe lesions were found mostly in 10‐ and 80‐day‐old rats. Significant changes in blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were observed in 10‐day‐old pups after treatment with low doses of VPA. The highest VPA dose caused significant decreases in the levels of serum total protein (40‐ and 80‐day‐old rats). Principal component analysis of spectra derived from terminal urine samples of all age groups showed that each age group clusters separately. In conclusion, this study showed that the vulnerability profile of each age group was different indicating that a multi‐age pediatric animal model is appropriate to assess more completely age‐dependent changes in drug toxicity. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Schleiermacher introduces Hermeneutics into philosophy and turns Hermeneutics into a general interpretive tool and method,but it has its defect:it ignores the truth contained in the text to be comprehended and considers the comprehension activity as the reconstruction of the intention of the author,a kind of objective and static cognitive activity,which degenerates into the binary opposition of Descartes.Dilthey believes that spiritual science,based on human inner experience,better bears the name of science than natural science,so Hermeneutics is a necessary process and method by which we grasp the spiritual world.But the innocent adoption of Historical Objectivism,ignoring the historicity of a spiritually objectified man will lead to a clandestine positivism.Heidegger leads Hermeneutics to an ontological turn and he believes that the nature of man is existence which contains comprehension.Dasein possesses the existential structure of pre-understanding and hermeneutic cycle.Based on the thought of Heideger,Gadamer further summarizes the characteristics of philosophical Hermeneutics,which results in its becoming a kind of ontology.After Gadamer,Habermas develops hermeneutic theory,leading to a critical Hermeneutics or so-called Deep Hermeneutics.


【Objective】 To explore the clinical value of the operation of hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy in treating tubal infertility cases.【Methods】 The data 100 cases of oviduct infertility during Jan 2009and Jun 2010 were analyzed,which were divided into 4 groups,A group(25 cases) treated by hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy;B group(25 cases) treated by hysteroscopy;C group(25 cases) treated by laparoscopy;D group(25 cases) treaded by laparotomy.The rate of recanalization was compared.【Results】 The rate of recanalization was 88.64% in group A.The difference was significant between group A and other groups(P 0.05).【Conclusion】 The treatment of tubal infertility performed by hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy can be the first choice for its high rate of success.


A knowledge of the age, sex and seasonal incidence of many diseases of childhood is of considerable diagnostic value. We have been unable to find in the literature any recent statistics on all three aspects of the subject. Accordingly, the records of nearly 2,500 patients from birth to 13 years of age who were admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children during the past five years and about 5,000 records obtained from the Toronto Department of Public Health have been examined. The results are tabulated in tables 1 to 5. We fully realize in regard to the hospital records that certain of the diseases considered may be encountered in private practice at slightly different age limits. For example, the youngest patient admitted to the hospital with asthma was 1 year of age, while in private practice we have seen mild cases in children from 4 to 5 months of age.


Shape similarity-based indexing, retrieval, and classification of 3D shapes are essential for efficient management of 3D shape data. Recently proposed deep neural networks (DNNs) tailored to 3D shapes, e.g., 3D point sets, learn accurate 3D shape feature representation by associating 3D shapes with semantic labels attached to them. However, in practice, majority 3D shapes are left unlabeled due to cost of annotation. Thus, unsupervised approaches to learn 3D shape features from unlabeled 3D shapes are desired. This paper proposes an unsupervised representation learning algorithm that utilizes Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to obtain descriptors of 3D shapes defined as point sets. Proposed Point Set GAN, which consists of a generator DNN and a discriminator DNN, is adversarially trained. The generator is trained so that it yields realistic 3D point sets, while the discriminator is trained to distinguish "fake" point sets produced by the generator from "real" ones. After the training, the discriminator DNN is to compute shape descriptor. Experimental evaluation under shape-based 3D model retrieval scenario demonstrates that 3D shape feature learned by proposed Point Set GAN outperforms existing handcrafted 3D shape features.


Past studies have shown that conservative governments and parties are unlikely places for women's representation, especially for feminist policy adoption. Contrary to existing studies, this article argues that conservative governments can be places for feminist interests' representation. To demonstrate this, I analyse the parliamentary discourse surrounding two instances of feminist policy adoption under Germany's conservative government in 2006 and 2015, respectively. I find that in both instances, feminist arguments dominated the debates and, most importantly, that these findings still hold when controlling for party ideology.


A study is conducted to examine the possibility of explaining the spectral features TE wave scattered by a single and two silver nanocylinders on the basis of a classical coupled oscillators model. The two oscillators representing the nanocylinder are specified by separate eigen frequencies and damping factors with a coupling constant between them, while the influences of the incoming wave on the oscillators are represented by separate driving forces. The validity of the model is examined by the quality of fitting and its resulted spectral profiles with those calculated from the exact formulation of Mie theory. In the case of a single nanocylinder, excellent fit of R2 ≥ 0.99 is found for cylinder radius ranging from 20nm to 40nm. The best fitted parameters show that the so-called dark oscillator has a narrow spectral profile representing the contribution of surface plasmon resonance while the other so-called bright oscillator has a broad spectral profile that can be associated with the contribution of the slowly-varying scattered background. For scattering by two nanocylinders with separation l, excellent fits are also obtained for wide range of l from 15nm to 100nm by introducing Lorentzian-like dispersive coupling between the dark oscillators for both incident light normal and along the axis connecting the cylinders. This study has thus demonstrated the roles of surface plasmon and the plasmonic interactions for the appearance of Fano-like asymmetric cross-section profile.


The invention discloses an adaptive pairing method for uplink multi-terminal virtual multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and a base station. The base station comprises a storage module, a period judgment module, a comparison module and a pairing module. The method comprises that: an unfit pairing table of each terminal is preset in the base station, and identifier information of other terminals unsuitable to be paired with the corresponding terminal is recorded in each table; and when a pairing trigger period arrives, the base station pairs a pair of unpaired terminals into a pair, wherein the absolute value of the difference of an uplink carrier interference noise ratio does not exceeds a first preset threshold value and the pair of terminals does not belongs to the unfit pairing table of the opposite party. In the same modulation coding mode, the average traffic is higher than the theoretical traffic during non MIMO. When the channel statistics is good enough, after all memory systems (MS) of the base station are adaptively paired successfully, the actual traffic is two times that during non MIMO.


The syntheses, photophysical studies and photoinduced behavior of 4,4′-(aryl)ethenyl functionalized 2,2′-bipyridyls (L1, L2) and cyclometalated heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes (1, 2) with L1–L2 as ancillary ligands have been investigated in detail. The explicit characterization by time dependent 1H and 2D NMR, and time dependent electronic spectra supports an expected isomerization of L1 and L2 from trans–trans configuration to trans–cis and cis–cis configurations on exposure to 366 nm UV-vis light. Interestingly, the isomerization is restricted to only trans–cis configuration from the existing trans–trans form in the ligated L1 and L2 of complexes 1 and 2. The X-ray structure elucidation shows that the spatial arrangements of the (aryl)ethenyl moiety of L2 in complex 2, change with light exposure. The quantum chemical calculations by combined DFT-TDDFT give insight into the observed photophysical data. Furthermore, the rotational barriers of the isomerization of L1 and L2 were studied with variable temperature dependent 1H NMR.


WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) is an open standard of industry and lead the futureintegrationof mobile networks and Internet. The new properties of its newest version WAP2.0 and its Push technique's application in wireless network have been discussed and analyzed in this article.


As ardent devotees of home treatment teams (HTTs), we were encouraged by the findings reported by Barker et al .[1][1] It was exciting to note that the crisis resolution and home treatment (CRHT) service in Edinburgh had reduced admissions by 24%. Sadly, this excitement was short lived because of


The aim of this article is to describe a research project that reconstructs the History of the Library Science Students' Movement in Brazil based on its own documentation and the setting up in the Academic Centre for Library Science at the UFPB of the CEDOC-BIBLIO for the preservation, treatment and dissemination of the documentation concentrated in this centre.


The injector plays a significant role in accelerator facilities for FEL sources, electron colliders and Thomson backscattering sources [1-3]. During the operation of an electron gun, the dark current creates significant background to the accelerator users. In this work, we used the existing beam line to study the dark current from the SRF gun at HZDR. The dark current emitted from the niobium cavity and the Cs2Te photocathode was separately measured. A multi-peaked energy spectrum for the dark current has been observed.


The active specific immimotherapy with cancer vaccines is the new approach to anticancer therapy. It has been revealed that the vaccine therapy after tumor surgical removal promotes the asymptomatic period duration and postpones the relapse phase beginning. Moreover vaccine therapy put in regression and growth stabilization of some kind of tumors in patients with clinical determined metastasis. The principles of anticancer vaccine development, the immune system role in cancer cells elimination, tumor associated antigens have been presented in the article. The anticancer vaccines practiced in clinics have been offered.


The combined process of chemical precipitation pretreatment and constructed rapid infiltration system is used for advanced treatment of pickling and phosphorization wastewater.The operation results show that when the influent concentration of phosphate is in the range of 80 to 90 mg/L,the effluent concentration of phosphate is lower than 0.12 mg/L,and the phosphate removal rate is higher than 99.8%.The effluent quality can fully meet the second class criteria for newly constructed or extensively renovated projects in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996).The combined process has advantages of good treatment efficiency,low running cost and steady effluent quality,and it provides a new idea for the engineering design of pickling and phosphorization wastewater.


Anaheim - Safe and permanent laser and light-assisted photoepilation can be achieved in people of color if the operator uses the right technology, a high level of expertise, and targets the right type of hair, said Eliot F. Battle, Jr., M.D.


The main purpose of this essay is to identify the UN contributions in the guarantee of the rights to access and the freely express on the Internet. Freedom of expression is considered one of the most important human rights for development and has been justified by a large number of international instruments and institutions. The importance of the freedom of expression derives from a triple function that it plays in societies, which goes beyond the fact of being considered a human need. Furthermore, this right serves as the basis for several other human rights and is intimately linked to democracy. The right to freedom of expression has, unlike ever before, provide the internet with a unique tool that allows people to seek, receive, and share information and ideas. As the largest international organization in the world the UN promotes and protects this right internationally through its specialized agencies, and enables further discussion among those parties involved and interested in the issue.


A surrogate-assisted defected ground structure (DGS) design is proposed to suppress E- and H-plane couplings simultaneously in a 2 × 2 microstrip antenna array at 2.45 GHz. The DGS is designed and analyzed based on the magnetic current and mode theory. Machine learning is employed to sweep the DGS parameters within defined limits and fine-tune them to obtain optimal design, predominantly shortening the DGS design time. A 2 × 2 microstrip antennas array is used as a test case to corroborate the efficacy of the proposed scheme. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed DGS can significantly reduce E- and H-plane couplings.


Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) is a novel scale-invariant and rotation-invariant feature. It is perfect in its high computation speed and robustness. In this paper, we apply SURF in SAR image matching accord to its characteristic, and then acquire its invariant feature for matching in an addition of no any pre-processing. In the process of image matching, we use the nearest neighbor rule for initial matching,where after, remove the wrong points of the matches through RANSAC. All this method was called R-SURF(RANSAC-SURF).In this method, the threshold range of the nearest neighbor rule has been obtained with our experiment .Experimental results indicated that the threshold interval was [0.6~0.7], and the threshold that you choose in this interval, increased little matching time, but got more than 95% correct matching rate. We used three different types of SAR images in experiments which are in order to put to the proof that SURF is more robust in scale change,rotation change and noise.


Many of the commercial breeding programmes of beef cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry are using crossbreeding systems of two or more breeds. At present, mainly purebred information is used in genetic improvement programmes. Wei (1992) showed that inclusion of crossbreeding information will increase the overall selection response in the breeding programme. Genomic selection based on a dense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) panel has been found to substantially increase selection response (Solberg et al. 2008). The use of genomic selection in a crossbreeding scheme has been studied by Ibanẽz-Escriche et al. (2009). However, in their study only additive genetic effects were considered. But crossbreeding performances are expected to be influenced by dominance effects. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the effect of ignoring dominance effects on the estimation of the direct genomic values (DGV) when utilising crossbred information.


The research aimed to determine the tensile bond strength (TBS) between polymerized intact and ground fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) surfaces. FRC prepregs (a reinforcing fiber pre-impregnated with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) resin system; everStick C&B) were divided into two groups: intact FRCs (with a highly PMMA-enriched surface) and ground FRCs (with a low PMMA gradient). Each FRC group was treated with: StickRESIN and G-Multi PRIMER. These groups were further divided into four subgroups based on the application time of the treatment agents: 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 min. Next, a resin luting cement was applied to the FRC substrates on the top of the photo-polymerized treating agent. Thereafter, weight loss, surface microhardness, and TBS were evaluated. Three-factor analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05) revealed significant differences in the TBS among the FRC groups. The highest TBS was recorded for the intact FRC surface treated with G-Multi PRIMER for 2 min (13.0 ± 1.2 MPa). The monomers and solvents of G-Multi PRIMER showed a time-dependent relationship between treatment time and TBS. They could diffuse into the FRC surface that has a higher PMMA gradient, further resulting in a high TBS between the FRC and resin luting cement.


Searches of the electric dipole moment (EDM) at a pure magnetic ring, like COSY, encounter strong background coming from magnetic dipole moment (MDM). The most troubling issue is the MDM spin rotation in the so-called imperfection, radial and longitudinal, B-fields. To study the systematic effects of the imperfection fields at COSY we proposed the original method which makes use of the two static solenoids acting as artificial imperfections. Perturbation of the spin tune caused by the spin kicks in the solenoids probes the systematic effect of cumulative spin rotation in the imperfection fields all over the ring. The spin tune is one of the most precise quantities measured presently at COSY at $10^{-10}$ level. The method has been successfully tested in September 2014 run at COSY, unravelling strength of spin kicks in the ring's imperfection fields at the level of $10^{-3} rad$.


Objectives.  To determine the symptomatic and mucosal immune response to environmental pollution in UK population.

Methods.  We performed a prospective, matched questionnaire and laryngeal biopsy study in normal persons (n = 63). Subjects completed a validated health questionnaire. Levels of exposure to pollutants for the year prior to the study were determined via area-based measurements of environmental particulates and composite air quality indices (CAQI). Quantitative multiple-colour immunofluorescence was used to measure in vivo expression of antigens in laryngeal mucosal pinch biopsies: CD45 (RO, RC: leucocytes), CD4, CD8, CD79, (lymphocytes), MHC I, II (antigen presenting molecules). Multiple linear regression, correcting for age, was used to explore the relationship between dependent variables and pollution measures.

Results.  Complete data were available for 49 (questionnaire) and 54 (immunohistology) subjects. High levels of particulates and CAQI were associated with self-reported frequent sore throats (P = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively), and with a trend towards increased asthma (P = 0.07 and 0.08). Dual HLA-DQ (MHC II) and CD45 (leucocyte) expression by laryngeal epithelium was significantly correlated with levels of particulates (P = 0.03) and CAQI (P = 0.04). CAQI alone was significantly associated with CD4+ expression (P = 0.002).

Conclusions.  Pollution is known be associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, but this is the first report of an association with throat symptoms. We hypothesise that environmental pollution may contribute to pharyngeal inflammation by selective up-regulation of the MHC Class II molecule, HLA-DQ in epithelium and subsequent activation of leucocytes.