the causes of its proper motion are more probably to be ascribed to some perturbations arising from the proper motion of neighbouring stars or systems, than to be placed to the account of a periodical revolution round some imaginary distant centre" (p. 486; emphasis supplied). After a further three years, Herschel was to return once more to Lambert's suggestion that the Sun is in orbit around the Orion nebula, and this time the Royal Society was to allow Herschel to speak of Lambert's "fantastic imaginations", his first and only criticism of Lambert to appear in print. To sum up: Lambert's cosmology, as portrayed in the Systeme du monde, was closely and critically studied by Herschel early in 1799. There is no reason to suppose he had anything to learn from it; but his reading revived his own cosmological interests, and the Systeme is reflected in three of the papers he published in the next few years.


This article considers participatory management of water and sanitation in a community in the Mexican state of Morelos in light of Latin American public policies located in a global context. This topic is approached through a reflection on the role played in Mexico by international institutions involved in water and sanitation programs, focusing more specifically on San Agustin Amatlipac, Tlayacapan, in the state of Morelos. This study based on fieldwork conducted between 2002 and 2012 reflects a participatory methodology of interaction with local communities through workshops, conducting in-depth interviews and recording life stories. It was found that interaction with a university group that promotes participatory practice in sanitation has produced unexpected results, such as the intervention of private enterprises that have, contrary to expectations not generated adverse reactions. This situation has served to provide a context in which to reflect on, and learn from, the ways in which an unanticipated result can be integrated into a promising process of consciousness raising and improvement in community management of water and sanitation.


William Wordsworth,an English romantic poet and LI Zhi,an Enlightenment thinker of Ming Dynasty,are both renovator of literature of their times.Their poetic ideals are similar in many aspects.Both of them advocate childhood and emotion,pay attention to folk literature,oppose the superiority or inferiority of literary form and pursue the style of spontaneity and simplicity.However,LI Zhi's poetics mainly criticizes Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism,while Wordsworth lived in the time of capitalism sprouting,his poetics mainly criticizes modernization.This is the spiritual difference between their poetics.


Adaptive radar waveforms may be designed to be spectrally orthogonal to the received time-varying interference environment. An eigendecomposition of the interference plus noise covariance matrix may be used to construct such waveforms as well as the multistage Wiener filter. These waveforms may have nonwhite (colored) noise spectra and have unique interference mitigation properties. An ambiguity function analysis is presented for colored waveforms to illustrate: 1) ambiguities, 2) resolution/accuracy of range (time) and Doppler (frequency) estimates, and 3) inherent interference rejection capabilities. Waveform performance is parameterized by metrics such as interference rank and others.


Based on the characteristics of the tourism resources of Sihong county's wetland,and on the local nature overview and culture foundation,I proposed the ideas of how to develop the local tourism industry,in order to achieve the sustainable development of local tourism resources.


Symptom diagnosis is a challenging yet profound problem in natural language processing. Most previous research focus on investigating the standard electronic medical records for symptom diagnosis, while the dialogues between doctors and patients that contain more rich information are not well studied. In this paper, we first construct a dialogue symptom diagnosis dataset based on an online medical forum with a large amount of dialogues between patients and doctors. Then, we provide some benchmark models on this dataset to boost the research of dialogue symptom diagnosis. In order to further enhance the performance of symptom diagnosis over dialogues, we propose a global attention mechanism to capture more symptom related information, and build a symptom graph to model the associations between symptoms rather than treating each symptom independently. Experimental results show that both the global attention and symptom graph are effective to boost dialogue symptom diagnosis. In particular, our proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the constructed dataset.


One of the key issues arising from the spread of state-offered online courses, or " virtual schools, " is " Who should pay? " This question has important ramifications, not only for virtual schools, but also for traditional schools and the communities they serve. That's because " who pays " will affect experimentation , acceptance, and level of use. If states heavily subsidize online courses, schools are more likely to experiment with them to help meet their instructional needs. Positive experiences with online delivery will lead, in turn, to acceptance of virtual courses as a way to widen the breadth of learning opportunities for students. As virtual courses become accepted and used by the learning community, further experimentation and innovation are likely to follow. However, heavy subsidies also encourage inefficiencies and may distort the mix of instructional resources selected by local administrators. For example, if online courses are free or heavily subsidized, an administrator may choose to furnish instruction through online courses that cost the district little or nothing, rather than hire teachers to replace ones who are retiring, even if enrollments are ample to justify the teaching positions. Because of the tradeoff between use and efficiency, we recommend that states adopt a two-stage implementation strategy. In the first stage, states would heavily subsidize the cost of online courses used by public schools as a way to encourage growth and innovation in the program. In the second stage, states would phase in course charges. Eventually, these charges would cover the entire cost of the courses. Once a state starts passing the cost on to local districts, other issues arise, including whether local schools should pass the cost on to their students and whether the state should provide targeted subsidies to high-need schools. Based on an economic analysis of incentives, their implications for equitable access to K-12 education , and the overall efficient operation of the public school system, we conclude that: • In the near term, states should use a broad-based grant system to subsidize experimentation and innovation in online instruction in public schools. States should seek federal technology funds to help support their efforts. We recommend that states adopt a two-stage implementation strategy. • Data should be collected from schools that use the grants and analyzed to help determine the characteristics of schools and students who are using them, their level of success, and the course characteristics and implementation …


Following the "flash crash" on May 6, 2010, warning signals for impending market stress have been in high demand, yet only the VPIN metric of Easley, Lopez de Prado, and O'Hara (ELO) has claimed success. In addition, ELO find the metric useful in predicting short-term volatility. VPIN involves decomposing volume into active buys and sells. We utilize quotes and trade data to construct an accurate trade classification measure for E-mini S&P 500 futures. Against this benchmark, the ELO Bulk Volume Classification (BVC) scheme is inferior to a standard tick rule. Moreover, VPIN predicts volatility solely because increasing volatility induces systematic classification errors in the BVC procedure. We conclude that VPIN is unsuitable for capturing order flow toxicity or signaling ensuing market turbulence.


A new Communication protocol design in the Data Link Layer of the industry Ethernet ring network is presented in this paper. The HDL files used in the design are packaged into IP Core. The simulation shows that the MAC protocol design for the Industry Ethernet Ring Network can send and receive not only the special frames of the Industry Ethernet ring network but the frames of the traditional Ethernet as well. Besides meeting the needs of real-time and high-speed transmission, the Communication protocol design is compatible with the traditional Ethernet.


Many research techniques and instruments for data collection are use at pedagogical investigation. Research technique is that with which we systematically and organizationally and with good planing come to the placement aim. For that we use many research instruments, research tools. With tools we secure identification, collecting and measurement of objective, real and existing facts.
One of that research technique and its tool is testing or one kind of its tool - test of knowledge. At this paper we try to answer some questions about its meaning, using, preparing etc.


As 2010 draws to a close and we reminisce about the previous 12 months, those associated with the banking industry can be forgiven for having their memories clouded by the credit crisis and the perennial high cost of funding dynamic.


OBJECTIVE: To prepare mPEG/BSA/5-FU compounds to extend the half-life and reduce the peak concentration of 5-FU,and to explore antitumor activity of mPEG/BSA/5-FU.METHODS: Acetate moiety was introduced into the N-1 of 5-FU,5-FU and acetic acid was made into active ester and reactive with BSA.BSA/5-FU was modified using mPEG to prepare mPEG/BSA/5-FU.60 mice were subcutaneously given with H22 hepatocarcinoma cell line to establish entity tumor model.Model rats were randomly divided into normal saline group,5-FU group(25 mg·kg-1·d-1),BSA/5-FU group(25 mg·kg-1·d-1 counted by 5-FU) and mPEG/BSA/5-FU groups(50,25,12.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 counted by 5-FU).Model rats were given intraperitoneal injection of relevant drugs.10 days later,they were sacrificed.The anti-tumor rates of 6 groups were calculated.RESULTS: The attachment yield of BSA/5-FU was 32.89%,and the modification degree of mPEG/BSA/5-FU was 48.37%.The anti-tumor rate of mPEG/BSA/5-FU group,5-FU group and BSA/5-FU group were 40.51%,33.63% and 20.54%(P0.01) under the condition of the same dose of 5-FU.CONCLUSION: The technology of the coupling and modification reaction is simple.Results of anti-tumor test show that the anti-tumor rate of mPEG/BSA/5-FU is significantly higher than that of 5-FU group and BSA/5-FU group.


Hafnium (Hf) isotope composition of zircon has been integrated with U-Pb age to form a long-term (>4 b.y.) record of the evolution of the crust. In contrast, trace element compositions of zircon are most commonly utilized in local- or regional-scale petrological studies, and the most noteworthy applications of trace element studies of detrital zircon have been in "fingerprinting" potential source lithologies. The extent to which zircon trace element compositions varied globally over geological time scales (as, for example, zircon U-Pb age abundance, O isotope composition, and Hf isotope composition seem to have varied) has been little explored, and it is a topic that is well suited to the large data sets produced by detrital zircon studies. In this study we present new detrital zircon U-Pb ages and trace element compositions from a continent-scale basin system in Australia (the Centralian Superbasin) that bear directly on the Proterozoic history of Australia and which may be applicable to broader interpretations of plate-tectonic processes in other regions. U-Pb ages of detrital zircon in the Centralian Superbasin are dominated by populations of ca. 1800, 1600, 1200, and 600 Ma, and secular variations of zircon Hf isotope ratios are correlated with some trace element parameters between these major age populations. In particular, elevated εHf(i) (i.e., radiogenic "juvenile" Hf isotope composition) of detrital zircon in the Centralian Superbasin tends to correspond with relatively high values of Yb/U, Ce anomaly, and Lu/Nd (i.e., depletion of light rare earth elements). These correlations seem to be fundamentally governed by three related factors: elemental compatibility in the continental crust versus mantle, the thickness of continental crust, and the contributions of sediment to magmas. Similar trace element versus εHf(i) patterns among a global zircon data set suggest broad applicability. One particularly intriguing aspect of the global zircon data set is a late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian period during which both zircon εHf(i) and Yb/U reached minima, marking an era of anomalous zircon geochemistry that was related to significant contributions from old continental crust.


Department of Technology and Nautical Sciences, Alesund University College, Postboks 1517, N-6025 Alesund, NorwayKeywords: Genetic algorithm, Receding horizon predictive control, Resource allocation, Multi-target tracking, Dynamicenvironments.Abstract: Combining methodologies from cybernetics and artificial intelligence (AI), we present a receding horizongenetic algorithm (RHGA) for solving the task of dynamic assignment and tracking of multiple targets. Wedemonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm by means of a case study on optimal positioning of tugs to reducethe risk of oil tanker drifting accidents along the northern Norwegian coast. Through simulations we show thatthe RHGA performs intelligent target assignment and close target tracking while constantly reevaluating itssuggested solutions based on current and predicted information. Wesee great potential for further developmentand consider our RHGA and problem description a platform for further research.


Modern endodontics has essentially changed following the introduction of the dental microscope since 1990's. One of main advantage of using dental microscope in nonsurgical endodontic treatment is enhancing clinician"s ability and quality of treatment through illumination and magnification. Scopes of dental microscope in nonsurgical endodontics are finding a missed or additional root canal and a tooth crack, management of procedural errors, and others. These improvements in technology will result in greater confidence in treatment and better success in clinical practice.


The invention discloses an urban traffic area jamming judgment method by combining road traffic and a weather state, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent traffic. A multiple-sensor based wireless sensor network acquires road traffic information and road weather information in real time, and the road traffic information and the road weather information, together with traffic light information, are taken as judgment parameters of the urban traffic area jamming judgment method so as to judge the urban traffic area jamming degree in real time. The urban traffic area jamming judgment method is characterized in that: the road traffic information of average speed, average share and flow rate, the road weather information of average temperature, average humidity and visibility and the traffic light information at each crossing in the area are combined to serve as the judgment parameters so as to judge the urban traffic area jamming condition together. The urban traffic area jamming judgment method has the advantages of improving the accuracy of the road traffic jamming judgment method under various weathers, and simultaneously solving the problem that the conventional methods are not suitable for judging the traffic jamming in complicated urban areas.


With the progress of the Internet, digital watermarking technique has been an futuristic technique of solving the security of E-commerce. In the paper, the old information security technique is introduced and the new information security technique of digital watermarking are introduced, and the applications of digital watermarking technique in the E-commerce are discussed.


ABSTRACT Online learning has attracted attention from academics and educators for several decades. Online learning plays a significant role in many educational institutions, including higher vocational hospitality colleges, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, students' learning experience of online and face-to-face higher vocational hospitality courses is scarcely understood. To fill this research gap, a higher vocational college in China is selected as a case study to conduct a comparative study. Results show that students scored higher in face-to-face hospitality course learning experience than in online courses. Theoretical and practical implications are provided accordingly.


Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death for young people. Aberrant driver behaviors, such as drink driving, speeding, not wearing seatbelts, non-compliance with traffic rules and aggressive driving, are key contributors to these crashes. Gender and urban/rural differences are also risk factors. In Serbia, where this study was conducted, as well as in most European countries, younger people have the highest road crash and fatality risk. Thus, it is important to understand not only when these behaviors occur, but also the attitudes surrounding them. The latter will provide an avenue for intervention. To address this, a mixed design study was conducted, using a quantitative survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews to understand the attitudes and safety behaviors of young people (aged 16–25) in Serbia. Results across all methods showed that attitudes and perceptions regarding road safety differ across gender and location (urban/rural). Young drivers reported frequent engagement in alcohol-impaired driving, speeding, non-using seatbelts and using mobile phones while driving. Dominant attitudes underlying these behaviors related to lower perceived risk and a lack of perceived enforcements. These results show support for education campaigns in improving the risky behavior of young drivers.


This document illustrates the attainment/non-attainment designations for the five criteria pollutants (sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates, ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide) for the states comprising USEPA - Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin). The air quality designations detailed in these maps are based upon information available as of March, 1982. These attainment status designations are pursuant to the requirements of Section 107 of the Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977, and are codified in Subpart C of Part 81 of Chapter 1, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. For additional information regarding current air quality data, legal and procedural requirements for attainment/non-attainment areas, etc., the appropriate regional, state or local environmental agencies should be contacted.


The application of near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) for shear strengthening of RC beams has attracted abundant research in the past few decades, and a number of strength models for predicting the contribution of NSM FRPs to the shear capacity of strengthened beam have been proposed. In the first of these two companion papers, a total of 12 strength models of NSM FRP shear strengthened RC beams collected from the existing literature have been comprehensively reviewed, while the present paper aims to provide an objective assessment of these models. To this end, the experimental results of 196 RC beams strengthened in shear with NSM FRP bars/strips are collected from the existing literature, as the database for the assessment. The comparisons between the experimental results and predictions by these strength models reveal that the existing strength models all fail to give accurate predictions. The reasons for the inaccurate predictions of these models are also analyzed.


Find information about where and how to take the GED test in San Antonio, as well as practice tests and study guides on reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. Directory of adult education programs in San Antonio offering ESL, GED, basic computer and financial literacy.


In order to predict a pedestrian's walking speed on stairs from his/her characteristics of and those
of the stairs, the relationship between the walking speed of a pedestrian on stairs and his/her
characteristics, and the relationship between the pedestrians' walking speeds on stairs and the
stair-gradients were investigated. It is suggested that Leg Extensor Power shows a strong
correlation to walking speeds of elderly people on stairs, the stair-gradient has a linear relationship
with horizontal walking speeds on stairs, and Leg Extensor Power could be used to represent a
unique walking speed of an elderly pedestrian on stairs.


This publication seeks to promote a broader understanding of this important aspect of Korean culture among those with an interest in Korea s cultural legacy, and support scholarly research by providing English definitions and explanations of the terminology used for cultural artifacts. The 2,824 entries in this dictionary are classified into four major categories: archeology, architecture, art history and folklore. They are listed in Korean alphabetical order, without classification of fields.


—The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is used to efficiently execute polynomial multiplication. It has become an important part of lattice-based post-quantum methods and the subsequent generation of standard cryptographic systems. However, implementing post-quantum schemes is challenging since they rely on intricate structures. This paper demonstrates how to develop a high-speed NTT multiplier highly optimized for FPGAs with few logical resources. We describe a novel architecture for NTT that leverages unique precomputation. Our method efficiently maps these specific pre-computed values into the built-in Block RAMs (BRAMs), which greatly reduces the area and time required for implementation when compared to previous works. We have chosen Kyber parameters to implement the proposed architectures. Compared to the most well-known approach for implementing Kyber's polynomial multiplication using NTT, the time is reduced by 31% , and AT (area × time) is improved by 25% as a result of the pre-computation we suggest in this study. It is worth mentioning that we obtained these improvements while our method does not require DSP.


Recently, a semi definite programming relaxation of the power flow equations has been applied to the optimal power flow problem. When this relaxation is "tight" (i.e., the solution has zero duality gap), a globally optimal solution is obtained. Existing literature investigates sufficient conditions whose satisfaction guarantees zero duality gap solutions. However, there is limited study of non-zero duality gap solutions. By illustrating the feasible spaces for optimal power flow problems and their semi definite relaxations, this paper investigates examples of non-zero duality gap solutions. Results for large system models suggest that non-convexities associated with small subsections of the network are responsible for non-zero duality gap solutions.


Copper substituted NiZn ferrite powder of a chemical formula Ni<inf>0.5−x</inf>Cu<inf>x</inf>Zn<inf>0.5</inf>Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> (0≤ × ≤0.3) is synthesized by auto combustion process at 350°C followed by the calcination at 600, 900 and 1000°C for 2h. The derived powder shows well distinct total seven peaks of cubic spinel structure with space group Fdℨ̅m. The considerable increments in the lattice constant and the reduction in an average crystallite sizes are observed with increasing the Cu content. At the optimal condition of x = 0.1, the crystallite size as small as 26 nm and the coercivity as high as 158 Oe is obtained in samples calcined at 600°C. The dielectric (έ, ε″, and tanδ) analyses show the frequency sensitive behavior in the low frequency region and the frequency independent characteristics at high frequency side due to the Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization and also due to hopping of charges between Fe2+ ↔Fe3+. The highest dielectric constant ∼ 48 at 1 kHz and the lowest dielectric loss ∼ 0.06 at 4 MHz are obtained in the studied frequency range, whereas the maximum frequency sensing response ∼ 92% is observed at 4 MHz in same sample.


erence group support are consistent with previous research on a variety of samples. Positive reference group support influences both favorable attitudes and actions toward the attitude object. The attitudes and actions were also measured within the methodological specifications that have been found to result in modest positive correlations. The most effective measurement technique was used and the data on attitudes and actions were collected in situations which occur within the common behavioral context of the subjects. Additional studies in a variety of research settings that meet these conditions are likely to result in similar patterns of relationships.29 In summary, one hundred eighty-nin( college students were studied to explore the paired relationships among perceived refer ence group support, racial attitudes an( overt behavior, and to explore how well the obtained data fit each of four three-variablb theoretical models suggested by past research and speculation. Using Gamma as a pro portional-reduction-in-error measure, strong positive associations were found between th4 three variables. Comparing the data to the four models, they were found to fit best the fourth model, which assumes that perceive( reference group support determines both ra cial attitudes and overt behavior but tha racial attitudes are a partially independen determinant of overt behavior. 29 Partial support for the original findings is in an unpublished replication study at a Southern university. Although the mean scores for perceived reference group support and racial attitudes were lower, the same pattern of relationships was found.


Scientific progress has significantly reduced pandemic death causes, thus progressively increasing life expectancy. This achievement forced researchers to face the main problem related to an aging population: the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Unfortunately, today only symptomatic drugs are available to delay the disease progression of NDDs. Moreover, the specificity and selectivity of the current clinical diagnosis does not allow an early disease detection for a prompt clinical intervention before symptoms onset. Therefore, part of the research is now focusing on two main aspects: i) find out new selective biomarkers, ii) detect biomarkers in body fluids with more sensitive and specific technological tools. In particular, in the last decade graphene has raised great interest thanks to its unique chemical properties, easy availability, biocompatibility and low cost for the synthesis of electrochemical and optical sensors-biosensors.Here we report some of the most relevant new biomarkers under investigation and the new graphene tools that could be potentially used to improve NDDs early diagnosis. Despite further investigations are needed before a useful clinical employment of such new nanomaterials, promising positive results are expected in the next future.


In Broue [6] and Okuyama [13] relations between blocks of a finite group and those of its subgroups are studied. In Section 1 of the present paper, we show the following theorem. Let H be a subgroup of a group G. Let B and b be blocks of G and //, respectively. Put σ(B,b) = \G : H\ζb(l)/ζ(l) for an irreducible character ζ in B, where ζt, is the ^-component of £#. Theorem 1.7. With the notation above, assume that d(B) > d{b). Let χ be the character of G afforded by a virtually irreducible RG -module in B (in the sense of Knόrr [10]). Then


INTRODUCTION IT is widely accepted that an autologous saphenous vein by-pass is the method of choice for femoropopliteal artery reconstruction. Darling, Linton, and Razzuk (1967) have reported a 65 per cent patency rate at 7 years. It is, however, frequently not possible to use such a vein. The saphenous vein may have been stripped out in the treatment of varicosities or have been the site of thrombophlebitis. Alternatively, even when present, the vein may be unsuitable. It may have a local reduplication, a high bifurcation, or may be too narrow. The extent of this problem has been variously estimated from 10 per cent by Linton and Darling (1962) to about 25 per cent by Edwards, Holdefer, and Mohtashemi (1966) and Kakkar (1968). Thrombo-endarterectomy provides an acceptable alternative to saphenous vein by-pass with quite good long-term patency rates (Cockett and Maurice, 1963). The use of arterial allografts and fabric prostheses below the inguinal ligament has proved disappointing and has largely been given up (Irvine, Kenyon, and Stiles, 1963; Szilagyi, Smith, Elliott, and Allen,


A technique for attosecond pulse detection by cross-correlation with a strong laser pulse is presented and theoretically analyzed. As an application the observation of electronic motion in low lying atomic bound states is discussed.


Background: There are increasing challenges related to mental health in the public health system, and almost 80% of mental illnesses are reported in low- and middle-income countries. The stigma associated with mental illness leads to reduced access to health services, inadequate treatment, and poor outcomes. This paper, drawing on Norton1 conceptualization of language investment, investigates the effect of English language learning on self-stigma among patients suffering from mental disorders. Methods: An experimental design with a pre-post test format and a six-month follow-up with English language instruction and a control group was used for this study. A total of 52 adults with mental illness diagnoses from a center for patients suffering from mental disorders in Isfahan, Iran, participated in this study. Data were collected using an English language proficiency test and the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (SSMIS), a self-report questionnaire to assess the internalization of stigmatic views. Results: The analysis indicated that the experimental group showed significant improvements in being empowered with higher levels of English language proficiency and stigma reduction (P<0.01). The findings of this study provide theoretical support for Norton's model of investment and demonstrate its applicability among people with mental problems. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that it is feasible to implement successful English language teaching among patients with mental illness, which has received insufficient attention in academic studies. Conclusion: Policymakers, psychiatrists, doctors, and people dealing with mental diseases can use English language instruction to reduce stigma and promote a non-stigmatizing attitude among people with mental illnesses. The current study contributes to our understanding of English language teaching in the medical field. Results of the study support the use of second-language teaching to reduce stigma among people suffering from mental illnesses.


My colleague, Reference Librarian Jean Boos, and I were invited to participate in planning a Deals and Dispute Resolution class atWilliam Mitchell College of Law in St. Paul, Minnesota, and we were told that the instructors wanted to require the students to research their issues. Our challenge was to come up with a meaningful research experience that wouldn't devolve into a treasure hunt for the students. In a situation where the timeframe and setup of a course don't lend themselves to in-depth research skills instruction, librarians can still fully participate and add value for students. In our experience, this course was fairly intense and required a significant time commitment. But the rewards were many, and we plan to be involved in Deals and Dispute Resolutions and other simulation classes again next year.


This paper investigates the stress distribution on the teeth and jaw during bruxism that may provide additional insights to the consequences of bruxism, splint design considerations, a basis for possible therapy protocols, and a baseline for future bruxism studies. A three-dimensional (3D) solid model of a complete jaw comprised of teeth, periodontal ligaments, and maxilla bone is reconstructed based on a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan of a patient. A finite element model of the jaw is then constructed using the geometry imported from the solid model that has been reworked to remove imperfections during reconstruction and to allow proper contact between teeth. A linear elastic finite element analyses were then performed to simulate the bruxism phenomenon which includes biting and grinding. Numerical analysis is conducted only to the maxilla, with forces are placed on the teeth's surface where contact occurs. The analysis is conducted for all stages of bruxism and possible movements patterns. Results suggest that high stresses occur during grinding, indicating a strong correlation between bruxism and dental issues such as tooth wear and alveolar resorption.


Rapidly increasing research and development work on nuclear-powered ships requires study of the safety problems which may arise. The results of a preliminary study which was intended to define the subject and to outline the major considerations involved are summarized. Emphasis is placed on possible directions for developing some safety measures, and on areas which need further attention. The central questions of nuclearship safety concerns unforeseen accidents, with thc accompanying possible release of serious quantities of radioactive fission products and fuel materials. Accidents which may occur in or near contained bodies of water (the smaller seas), harbors and ports, and coastal waters, are of especial interest. The diffusion of fission products from a point source in sea water is considered. A possible means of inhibiting the biological activity of fission products is described. Radioactivity hazards are estimated. (auth)


This major research paper (MRP) takes a critical perspective on the neo-liberal policies that are generating illegalized immigrants, notably the temporary foreign workers program. The state is fully aware that these policies are generating a pool of flexible and exploitable illegalized workers. In order to show the public that it is controlling the "illegal" immigration phenomenon, the state continues to uphold strict border patrol and immigration laws. However, state tactics are merely for show, as most illegalized immigrants originally enter through legal avenues. Many illegalized immigrants are forced into the underground workforce, which makes them vulnerable to exploitation by employers. Although Toronto is a Sanctuary City and provides access to illegalized immigrants, it cannot fully protect them from workplace violations, as labour and employment rights are under provincial jurisdiction. Thus, Ontario should become a Sanctuary Province, in order to provide equitable employment to illegalized workers.


The importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has become recognised as an important component of the functioning of cells. However the roles of the ECM in the anterior pituitary gland have received little attention. The pituitary has the particular characteristics of possessing a number of endocrine cells as well as less well studied non- endocrine cells. Because each cell has specific and vital roles in the physiology being of an individual the ECM must also possess selective activities. The details of ECM behaviour have not yet been delineated in the pituitary and this review first considers general characteristics of ECM compounds and then examines the properties of peptides with regard to functioning of the cells of the pituitary. It is noted that there are variations between ECM associated with normal cells and with tumours, that there are both morphological and biochemical responses to alterations in the composition of substrate on which cells are grown, and that a development of further models of ECM will be required for continued advances in the understanding of the manner in which the pituitary behaves in normal, clinical and pathological circumstances. Overall, the observations suggest that modulation of the ECM provides opportunities for enhancing well-being of individuals.


Whiteflies are important agricultural pests of several crops and cause great economic losses, mainly by the transmission of plant viruses. Among the different species of whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (B biotype) transmit the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). Previous studies report that virus‐infected plants can influence the attractiveness and the behaviour of different species of whiteflies. In this study, we evaluated the number of eggs, egg hatching rate and emergence of adults of both T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci MEAM1 on ToCV‐infected and healthy tomatoes. In addition, ToCV transmission assays were conducted with both whitefly species. ToCV infection did not influence the number of eggs or egg hatching rate of T. vaporariorum; whereas the emergence of adults was reduced by 37.3% on ToCV‐infected tomatoes. By contrast, ToCV‐infected tomatoes strongly affected the B. tabaci MEAM1 egg hatching rate and emergence of adults with reductions of 41.8% and 92.4%, respectively. Regarding virus transmission, T. vaporariorum transmitted ToCV with lower efficiency (35.7%) than B. tabaci MEAM1 (78.6%). Our data suggest that the performance of T. vaporariorum is less affected than that of B. tabaci MEAM1 when feeding on ToCV‐infected tomato plants.


[Objective] The aim was to study the changes of β-glucosidase activity in the early period of allopolyploidization of wheat.[Method] With the leaves from 17 days old seedlings of the 5th generation of synthetic hexaploid wheat and its male parent Aegilops tauschii and female parent Triticum turgidum L.ssp.durum as materials,the β-glucosidase activity was determined by pNPG method and the soluble protein content was determined by spectrophotometry to study the changes of β-glucosidase activity in the early period of allopolyploidization of hexaploid wheat.[Result] The specific activity of β-glucosidase in the diploid male parent TQ27 was a little higher than that in the tetraploid male parent TTR04 and their difference was not significant.The specific activity of β-glucosidase in the synthetic hexaploid wheat AT5 was lowest and had significant difference from that in its parents.The mean specific activities of β-glucosidase in TQ27,TTR04 and AT5 were 62.36,64.66 and 24.15 U/(μg·h)resp.[Conclusion] Compared with the parents of hexaploid wheat,the activity of β-glucosidase in hexaploid wheat was significantly decreased in the early period of allopolyploidization.


Through Judith Butler's theories, it is depicted that dystopia is embedded within our most precious ideals. Dystopia depicts a world in which the right to choose and self-discovery has lost all meaning, and in which individuals are tools through which ideology is implemented. Zoya Pirzad, in her book, Things We Left Unsaid, talks about the unfairness of cultural values. She questions idealistic attitudes towards life's realities and invites us towards new definitions of humanity. It is revealed in this research that our attitudes towards humanity can be very rigid and restrictive; in a way that the differences that show humanity's complexity and beauty are considered unpleasant and unnatural and the result is nothing but pain and unhappiness.


In the present paper we deal with an optimal control problem related to a model in population dynamics; more precisely, the goal is to modify the behavior of a given density of individuals via another population of agents interacting with the first. The cost functional to be minimized to determine the dynamics of the second population takes into account the desired target or configuration to be reached as well as the quantity of control agents. Several applications may fall into this framework, as for instance driving a mass of pedestrian in (or out of) a certain location; influencing the stock market by acting on a small quantity of key investors; controlling a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles by means of few piloted drones.


New rare earth vanadates YSr2-xCaxCaxV3O9-y (x—0.0, 0.67, 1.0, 1.33 and 2.0) have been synthesized by a new simple method. X-ray powder diffraction results show that they are mono-phase. They belong to orthorhombic structure and their lattice constants are calculated. The results of weight gains in TG curves show that the lower valent vanadium is oxidized to higher valent state at higher temperature. The oxygen contents of new compounds are calculated from the weight gains. Both V3+ and V4+ coexist in YSr2-xCaxV3O9-y. These compounds exhibit low electric resistivity at room temperature.


ProfesEor CELLI then read his report for the past year, in which he reviewed the work done in malaria by Italian invstigators. He said Grassi and his school on the one hand, and Celli and Del Pino on the other, had studied, from one season to the other, the life and habits of Anopheles in malarious places, while Ficalbi had added in this connection in his monograph other valuable information; and Celli and Casagrandi had studied the resistance of mosquitos to natural physico-chemical agents which tend to destroy them. Grassi and Celli, independently of each other, had controlled in the guidance of the new theories the laws of the diffasion of malaria in the atmosphere, and the local conditions, as the nature of the soil, water, air, vegetation, that predispose to the development of the specific mosquitos, and consequently of malaria. And in particular Cellh analysed and studied regularly under this double point of view the rice fields and marshes in malarious localities. Meanwhile on the farm of Cerveletta on the Rome-Tivoli line Celli and Del Pino, and iDionisi at the farm of Maccarese studied the epidemiology of malaria in relation with the new theories. And thus before Koch published his note on the malaria of Grosseto, and afterwards more regularly and completely these members of the Society discovered the -laws, how the annual epidemic originates, how the consecuti've monthly distribution of the various types of malarial fevers happens in all the second six months of the year, how these fevers are prolonged especially with their recurrences in the first six months of the following year, and, in fine, how the epidemic year reopens that ends in June with the recurrents and recurrences in July wtth the new infections propagated by the mosquitos. Bastianelli and Bignami made similar observations at Ostia. Celli and Dionisi also investigated the relations between the life of the workers in the Roman Campagna and the course of the malarial epidemic. And then in the Hospital of Santo Spirito Bastianelli and Bignami, Gualdi and Martirano, 1o Manaco and Panichi observed the action of quinine on the sexual and asexual forms of the specific parasites. The results obtained showed the inefficacy of this remedy against the asexual forms, which are, epidemically speaking, the most dangerous, and therefore the impossibility of combating this scourge of malaria with quinine alone. Celli and CaEagrandi also occupied themselves with the means of destruction of mosquitos both in their aquatic and aerial life, and they on the one hand, and Ficalbi on the other, tested and retested the substances that acted as culicufuges, therefore capable of protecting the skin from the bitesalways troublesome, frequently pernicious-of mosquitos. On his own account Celli oontinued his studies on the conditions capable of creating immunity against malarial infection, demonstrating that by means of eucllinin and methylene blue an artificial immunity against experimental malaria, including the lestivo-autumnal, can be obtained. And while Grassi made in the summer an experiment of short duration on artificial protection against malaria with pnechanical means of protection of the houses and their inhabitants from the aggression of mosquitos, Celli before and 4fter-that is, from June to November-along the Mediterranean and Adriatic railways demonstrated that during all the i;nhealthy months persons such as railwaymen can be thus protected from the fevers in the most pestilential districts. The control observations in spots around these lines strengthened and confirmed this possibility; consequently in the coming malarial season a similar prophylaxis will be made on a large scale. In any case it has been demonstrated without doubt that those who live and work in even the most severe centres of malaria can be artificially protected from this disease. Finally, Dionisi .continuing his investigations on malaria of pipistrels, the nearest to that of man, proved that it is not fortunately transmissible to us. Consequently it is proved up to now that the circulation of the malarial contagion happens only from man to man by tLe agency of special mosquitos.


The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of adult environmental training programme from the perspective of adult facilitators and learners in Enugu State. The study was guided by 2 research questions and two null hypotheses. The design of the study was a descriptive survey research design. The sample consisted of 668 respondents made up of 213 facilitators and 455 adult learners in 395 state owned adult education centres in Enugu State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in drawing the sample composition of the study. Influence of Environmental Awareness and Training of Adult Facilitators on the Implementation of Environmental Adult Education Programme Questionnaire (IEATAFIEAEPQ) was the main instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by research experts, two in Adult Education and one in measurement and evaluation. The instrument overall reliability coefficient was 0.78, which showed that it was highly reliable. The data collected through the instrument was used to respond to the from the 2 research questions that guided the study using mean and standard deviations, while t-test analysis was used to test the two null-hypotheses formulated for the study. The data analyses revealed among others that: Environmental awareness creation among adults and training of environmental adult education facilitators has effect on the implementation of environmental adult education programme. Conclusion was drawn and recommendations were given.


Models of composite weak bosons, the top-condensate model of electroweak interaction and related models we surveyed. Composite weak bosons must be tightly bound with a high compositeness scale in order to generate approximate puge symmetry dynamically. However, naturalness argument suggests that the compositeness scale is low at least in toy models. In the top-condensate model, where a composite Higgs doublet is formed with a very high scale, the prediction of the model is insensitive to details of the model and almost model-independent Actually, the numerical prediction of the t-quark and Higgs boson masses does not test compositeness of the Higgs boson nor condensation of the t-quark field. To illustrate the point, a composite t{sub R}-quark model is discussed which leads to the same numerical prediction as the top-condensate model. However, different constraints an imposed on the structure of the Higgs sector, depending on which particles are composite. The attempt to account the large t-b mass splitting by the high compositeness scale of the top-condensate model is reinterpreted in terms of fine tuning of more than one vacuum expectation value. It is difficult to lower, without a fourth generation, the t-quark mass in the composite particle models in general because themore » Yukawa coupling of the i-quark to the Higgs boson, {sub t}{sub 2}/4{pi} = 0.1 for m{sub t} = 200 GeV, is too small for a coupling of a composite particle.« less


This paper presents both simple and complex obstacle detection using an ultrasonic sensor ring with overlapped beam pattern. It is assumed that a set of ultrasonic sensors of the same type are arranged along a circle of non-zero radius at regular spacings with their beams overlapped. To assess the positional uncertainty of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring in obstacle detection, the obstacle distances of three adjacent ultrasonic sensors are compared. First, the positional uncertainty for single obstacle detection can be determined based on the combination of ultrasonic sensors detecting an obstacle. Second, the positional uncertainty for multiple obstacle detection can be determined based on the inequality relationship among three adjacent obstacle distances. Third, the positional uncertainty for omnidirectional obstacle detection can be determined by overlapping all the uncertainty arcs obtained for every three consecutive ultrasonic sensors.


This paper presents a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control system design method for discrete‐time first‐order plus dead‐time plants. Because the relation between the tracking performance and the robust stability is the trade‐off, the PID parameters of the PID control system are decided such that the tracking performance is optimized subject to the assigned robust stability, where the reference or disturbance response is selected as the tracking performance. In the proposed method, the PID parameters decision method is designed using a neural network with an extreme learning machine. Hence, the optimal PID parameters are obtained based on the trade‐off between the tracking performance and the robust stability. Furthermore, the proposed design method is extended as the adaptive control, and hence an unknown or time‐varying plant, is well controlled using the proposed method. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Objective:To investigate the role of adrenomdedullin(ADM) in the diabetic nephropathy (DN) through observing the changes of ADM, transforming growthing factor beta-1(TGF-β_1) and platelet derived growth factor-b(PDGF-B) in the blood, urine and kidneys of diabetic rats.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group and losartan group. After 8 weeks, changes of serum creatinine, urinary protein, ADM, TGF-β_1,PDGF-B and the index of renal hypertrophy were detected in each group.Results:ADM in the blood, urine and renal tissue increased markedly in diabetic group and losartan group (P0.05).The level of ADM in urine was significantly higher than that in plasma. ADM in losartan group increased higher compared with that of diabetic group, but with no statistical difference. Losartan can suppress urinary albumin and glomerular hypertrophy in renal tissue.Conclusion:ADM may be closely related to compensative protection of DN, while expression of TGF-β_1 and PDGF-B is related to progression of DN.


When philosophers and social theorists address positive law, we've come to expect them – in their programmatic intellectual roles and in their particular departments of existence – to favour some overarching, transcendental stance. A disjunctive and superior intellectual relation towards law, then, be it to redirect or rectify, to reform or even to redeem.¹ Gilles Deleuze and Bruno Latour, intriguingly, seem not to have satisfied this conventional but rather constant expectation for supremacist voicings of a universal perspective or cosmopolitan principle. o the contrary, these noted figures – one philosopher, the other social theorist – surprisingly furnish defences of positive law. Is their defensive stance faulty? Or might such leaning against the wind become the new model stance, your counter-current pathway to tomorrow?


In this essay I will present an integrative view on research design. I will introduce what I take to be the skeleton components of any research design within the social sciences, i.e. the elements of research question, philosophy of science, methodology, method and data. With this as my point of departure I will go on to focus on a presentation, a discussion and an evaluation of a new appreciation of the interdependencies of the elements in the research design. An appreciation that favors a relational rather than an atomistic outlook and which gives rise to an ecological conceptualization of research design. A research design, in other words, which promotes plasticity and fluidity over adherence to static protocol. And which, at the same time, does not relinquish control over project-relevant, multifaceted decision-making processes – and their respective interdependencies – but which deliberates each and every one of them. The aim of the paper is twofold. At a more abstract level, it aims at paving the way for establishing a reflexive approach to research design which, in turn, would be in tune with the tenets of the field of Organizational Knowledge Communication (e.g. Kastberg, 2014). At a more concrete level, it aims at presenting an idea of research design which would – hopefully – be an inspiration to (young) scholars.


In this paper we have analyzed the dynamics of the spawning and commercial stocks and the fluctuations of the abundance of year classes of Korf-Karaginsky herring (Clupea pallasii Val). The life cycle of herring is performed completely from spawning and foraging to wintering at the continental shelf of the Western Bering. Generation abundance of Korf-Karagunsky herring demonstrates extensive fluctuations from year to year. The maximal population biomass was observed in the late 1950s. That time the biomass of mature fish exceeded 700 thousand tons. Since the late 1950s a long period of depression and poor abundance began. In the past half of the 1990-s the stock was supported by the most abundant generation (1993) for recent 30 years. For several years this generation provided basis of the catches. In the 2000s the abundance decreased to a very low level again.


Monoclonal gammopathy( MGP) can cause proliferative glomerulonephritis via two ways: activation of the classical pathway of complement( direct mechanism) and activation of the alternative pathway of complement( indirect mechanism). In this review,we will discuss recent progress on the mechanism,diagnosis and therpy of MGP-associated proliferative glomerulonephritis.


In recent years, national and international studies analyse issues related to the consumption of resources, efficiency and appropriate costs in health care. In this framework, the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) system and its implication for case mix, management accounting systems and processes in hospitals still requires research. This study has two objectives. The primary purpose is to investigate the gap between DRGs price and the internal cost for the hospital. The focus on the nursing care and non clinical services is due to the increasing relevance of the health and social care domain and non clinical services as well. Secondly, we want to investigate the opportunity to implement, especially at the national level, accounting case mix systems. The analysis in a hospital in northern Italy provides some results and insights in both directions.


Much technical assistance aimed at building capacity has failed to deliver the results sought. The article examines the causes and the possible solutions.


AbstractThe Houston area has been suffering from subsidence for several decades. Therefore, continuously operating reference stations (CORS) in this area may have experienced considerable vertical displacements. The Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), provided by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), uses CORS as references in its data processing. This study investigated what effects, if any, the subsidence experienced by these CORS around Houston contributes to the accuracy of OPUS vertical results. Our OPUS results were determined from three long-term (over 10-year) blocks of continuous data using Global Positioning System (GPS) stations located in different parts of the Houston area. The OPUS results were compared with the vertical measurements from the precise point positioning with single receiver phase ambiguity (PPP-SRPA) solution implicit in the GIPSY/OASIS 6.1.2 software. This particular study indicates that OPUS achieves 1.0-cm vertical accuracy for daily sessions (24 h) in the region around H...


Very often marital problems arise from different moral failures, usually by both husband and wife. At other times nonmoral factors can cause them. Since God's grace and human persons cooperating with his grace can overcome all serious sins, the moral failings troubling a marriage can be overcome if the couple uses the means necessary to do so.


A brief historical review of surface-crack testing and analysis is given together with some examples of service failures due to surface cracks. The factors which complicate the analysis and interpretation of surface-crack fracture data are discussed. Current efforts to develop consensus recommendations for tensile testing of surface-crack specimens are summarized.


The paper presents some results of doctoral thesis " Time, work and well-being: an approximation from everyday life ". The main aim is to analyze from a qualitative approach how changes in working time affect everyday life. Empirical findings show that working time model changes from a golden cage to a hazardous freedom.


Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of 16S rRNA methylase gene and research the relationship with drug resistant spectrum.And preliminary explore its role in molecular epidemiology analysis.Methods Collected 69 clinical isolates of non repetitive ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in our hospital from Mar to Sep 2010.Detection 16S rRNA methylation enzyme gene by PCR,and analyze ESBL genetype and integron gene of the positive strains.All PCR products were sequenced for determination.Plasmid conjugation test and plasmid elimination method to determine dissemination of 16S rRNA methylase gene.Then we used ERIC-PCR genotyping technology for the establishment of DNA fingerprinting.Results In sixty-nine strains,twenty isolates were rmtB positive (28.9%),two isolates were armA positive,and two strains coproduce rmtB and armA.All positive isolates carried the CTX-M gene,detemined by sequencing,14 strains of CTX-M-14 gene,6 strains of CTX-M-15 gene,14 strains carried TEM1 gene,8 strains carried SHY gene,sequencing showed that 5 strains of SHV-12 gene,3 strains of SHV-11 gene,3 strains carried OXA-10 gene,3 strains carried VBE-1 gene.In addition,the intl gene was found in 12 isolates of 20 rmtB positive strains.All the intl gene positive strains were divided into five kinds gene cassettes,which contained drfA25,drfA1,drfA12,aadA1,aadA2,sat and blaVEB-1 genes.Respectivily,16S rRNA methylase gene positive strains were divided into five genetypes using ERIC-PCR technology.A genetype was the advantage popular clones.Conjugative plasmid and elimination test found that rmtB gene was located in a plasmid in KP5 and KP16 isolates with A genetype,and can disseminate by conjugation.Conclusion A high prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase gene-rmtB was found among clinical ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae isolates in our hospital,which could lead to resistant to almost all aminoglycoside at a high level.Both horizontal gene transfer and clonal spread were responsible for the dissemination of the rmtB gene.In addition,K.pneumoniae co-producing ESBLs,16S rRNA methylation enzymes and class Ⅰ integron existed and were spreading.

Key words:
Klebsiella pneumoniae; 16S rRNA methylase gene; Intergon; Drug resistance,bacterical


droxylase was a monomer with a M, of 35,000-38,000. a-Ketoglutarate, ferrous iron, and molecular oxygen were required for the enzyme activity. The hydroxylase was optimally active between pH 7.0 and 7.4 in a 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid buffer and at 29 "C. It was stimulated by a reducing agent, particularly dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione, and ATP. The requirement for ferrous ion was specific, and at least one sulfhydryl group was apparently essential for the enzymatic hydroxylation. The K,,, values of the hydroxylase for deacetoxycephalosporin C and a-ketoglutarate were 59 and 10 BM, respectively, and the K,, for ferrous ion was 20 BM. In addition to its known hydroxylation of deacetoxycephalosporin C to deacetylcephalosporin C, the hydroxylase catalyzed effectively an analogous hydroxylation of 3-exomethylenecephalosporin C to deacetoxycephalosporin C. Surprisingly, the hydroxylase also mediated slightly a novel ring-expansion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C. The substrate specificity of the hydroxylase is overlapping with but distinguishable from that of deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase, the enzyme which normally mediates the ring-expansion reaction (Dotzlaf, J. E., and Yeh, W. K. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 10219-10227). Furthermore, the hydroxylase exhibited an extensive sequence similarity to the synthase. Thus, the two enzymes catalyzing the consecutive reactions for cephamycin C biosynthesis in S. clavuligerus represent apparent products from a divergent evolution.


A method and system are provided for making a quantitative measurement of an electric field. A plurality of antennas separated from one another by known distances are arrayed in a region that extends in at least one dimension. A Voltage difference between at least one selected pair of antennas is measured. Each voltage difference is divided by the known distance associated with the selected pair of antennas corre sponding thereto to generate a resulting quantity. The plural ity of resulting quantities defined over the region quantita tively describe an electric field therein.


Aiming at quantizing the selection of distribution mode in B2C e-commerce enterprises, distribution modes of B2C e-commerce enterprises were analyzed, the idea of the analytic hierarchy process was adopted to design the distribution selection model, GAHP was applied to calculate the weight of each criteria and gray correlation method was utilized to evaluate the superiority of each programs respectively for their different properties. Finally the most suitable distribution mode for B2C e-commerce enterprises can be selected.


G rading systems can strengthen clinical judgment, particularly in disease processes that require complex decisionmaking and prognostication. Grading systems necessarily evolve as time progresses and research elucidates more contributing factors. In neurosurgery, the widely adopted Spetzler-Martin (SM) grading system has provided the framework for the assessment of preoperative surgical risk for arteriovenous malformations for decades. The authors of this study attempt to refine this grading system, which becomes an ever-important task in light of the recent publication of the ARUBA trial (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations), purporting to show the superiority of medical management to surgery in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).


In order to overcome the disadvantages of expensive and bulky ANT-20SE instrument, this paper designs a virtual instrument examination system based on LabVIEW. By simulating the actual use of equipment measurement and operation in the virtual environment, the system gets rid of the traditional instrument examination system cost, space and time constraints. The assessment system takes ANT-20SE as the main assessment object, and also designs the assessment process of a variety of test instruments, aiming to build an efficient and object-oriented training assessment system.


This paper applies a new concept in Discrete Event Dynamic System (DEDS) optimization, called Ordinal Optimization, to address distribution reconfiguration for loss minimization. Different from the conventional optimization concept to make every effort to find the best numerical solution in a deterministic approach, Ordinal Optimization is to efficiently find a Good Enough solution with an acceptable probability for a discrete event optimization problem. This paper first reviews Ordinal Optimization and then presents probabilistic analysis, complementary to the previous theoretic research in Ordinal Optimization, about the overlap of Representative Set and Good Enough Set. Then, this paper applies Ordinal Optimization to address the distribution reconfiguration problem for loss minimization. The proposed algorithm is discussed in details. Tests on a series of sample systems are performed to illustrate the idea of Ordinal Optimization applied in distribution reconfiguration. The paper also analyzes and verifies the test results such as ordered performance curve (OPC) shape, solution accuracy, running time, and error distribution.


: Colon cancer is a global health issue that affects increased rates of people every year. Angiogenesis and escape from apoptosis are important features of colon cancer. Ellagic acid is a bioactive polyphenol that might show antiangiogenic activity and induce apoptosis. Despite the potential effects of EA, there is a lack of knowledge of how it exerts its effects. In this study, we focused on determining the effects of ellagic acid on biological markers, taking part in colon cancer development. The effects of EA were determined through the evaluation of Fyn and Hck gene expression levels together with Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF, and HO-1 protein levels. Moreover, cytotoxic effects of EA were evaluated with the MTT test. IC50 values of EA on Caco-2 cells were 80.89 uM, 24.67 uM, 3.67 uM at 24, 48th, and 72nd hours, respectively. EA application (10, 20, 40, and 100 uM) decreased Bcl-2 levels significantly, while it increased Bax protein levels compared to control (p<0.001). EA exposure at 100 uM concentration decreased both HO-1 and MMP-7 levels significantly. VEGF protein levels were found to decrease at 40 and 100 uM concentrations of EA. Fyn gene expression levels remained unchanged among control, 10 uM and 20 uM EA concentration while it decreases significantly at 40 and 100 uM EA concentration. Hck gene expression decreased significantly at 20, 40, and 100uM EA concentrations. In conclusion, EA exhibited a protective role against colon cancer development both by inducing apoptosis via inhibition of Fyn, Hck, HO-1 and also by inhibiting angiogenesis.


Pressure oscillation sensor installation device and combustion chamber of installing installation device, pressure oscillation sensor installation device, including the mount pad, have on the mount pad and be used for fixing the screw of sensor, the inside cooling chamber that also is provided with of mount pad, the cooling chamber is located near screw, inlet port and external intercommunication are passed through to the one side in cooling chamber, and the opposite side passes through air vent hole and external intercommunication. The utility model discloses an installation device utilizes highly -compressed air's flow through design cooling chamber in the mount pad, reduces the temperature of sensor, and the life of high temperature damage, extension sensor is avoided to the protection sensor.


The vast majority of European immigrants arrived in this country with a strong sense of ethnic identity; but the idea of race and color, of white versus black, was not yet a part of their world. They were Irish or German, Polish or Italian, and visibly proud of their heritage. They established ethnic villages in the midst of urban America that were reminiscent of the Old World, and developed a spirit of nationalism associated with the land of their birth that was hardly visible when they had lived in their countries of origin. Not long after their arrival in the United States these immigrants also adopted an identity as white Americans. Recent studies have highlighted how immigrant groups, the Irish in particular, became white.' In becoming white many immigrants adopted the racist attitudes of the white American majority, and bitter antipathies developed between some of these white ethnic groups and the black American community. Large numbers of these European immigrants were Catholics. They belonged to a church that preached a gospel of universalism and claimed as its members people of all cultures and colors. Yet, during the course of the nineteenth century, clerical leaders in the Catholic church in the United States, like the people in the pew, adopted the racist attitudes of the white American majority. As a result American Catholicism became a Jim Crow church. Well into the twentieth century, its parishes, schools, colleges, seminaries, and religious orders of priests and nuns remained racially segregated. By the 1960s, however, many Catholic clergy and laity were in the vanguard of the civil rights movement and stood side by side with Martin Luther King, Jr. and his associates as they marched in Selma and Chicago; the Catholic church was no longer a racially segregated institution.


After months of negotiations and lobbying by industry groups, non-governmental organisations, and public health experts, national governments have finally agreed the political declaration that will form the spine of the UN summit on non-communicable diseases later this month.

Representatives of the 193 United Nations member states will meet in New York on 19 and 20 September to commit to the declaration, which details how they should tackle rising rates of non-communicable diseases—notably cardiovascular and respiratory disease, cancer, and diabetes—in low and middle income countries.

Draft documents have been circulating for several months, and the BMJ reported last month how …


The study examined the effects of insecurity on community development projects in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni and Ahoada East Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and one null hypothesis. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with a population of 3,211 members of various Community Based Organizations in the study areas. A sample of 682 members of various CBOs was selected using the random and proportionate-stratified sampling techniques. Data for this study were collected with the use of a self-designed questionnaire titled "Effects of Insecurity on Community Development Projects Questionnaire (EICDPQ). A correlation index of 0.81 was obtained to determine the reliability of the instrument. Responses to the questionnaire items were analysed with the mean statistics and the hypothesis were tested using the chi square statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysed data revealed that the causes of insecurity in the study areas are cult clashes, conflicting political factions, poor distribution of resources, violent resistance to exploitation by government and corporate organizations and neglect of the people. The study therefore, recommended that Government in collaboration with companies operating in this crisis prone areas should engage stakeholders (community leaders, youth leaders and other leaders of Community Based Organizations) in town hall meetings and collectively come up with lasting solutions to these insecurity issues that impede their development. Keywords: Insecurity, Community Development, Projects,


Due to its rapid growth, the city of Greeley, Colorado, was in need of new traffic signs within the public right-of-ways and in new developments. With the need both for new signs and for a system that could track the number, type, condition and location of signs, the city's Transportation Services Division began implementing a Global Positioning System (GPS) Inventory Program in 2000. Under this system, a Geographic Information System (GIS) database can be created that allows spatially referenced data to be stored, managed, analyzed and queried. Using GPS, approximately 15,000 signs have been inventoried. The process of inventorying signs, however, is an on-going one. The use of this technology allows city officials to install new traffic signs and other assets, maintain existing signs, and perform future replacements in accordance with existing standards.


The problem of source code authorship attribution is crucial for a few reasons. Security and legal issues are the most popular ones. However, this domain could also help to understand the nature of the personal code style. This type of information could be used, for instance, by IDEs to improve the developer's experience of writing the code. The goal of this study is to construct an interpretable model for source code embeddings generation. Such embeddings should represent the correspondence between the source code and its author.


A kind of valuation method that stands out self-advantage was established in the paper,considering absoluteness of superior-inferior distinguish to traditional physical education valuation and unconsistency of multi-evaluation conclusions.The author used random simulation arithmetic method basing on probability to judge object's advantage through calculating superior degree of objects.The method is effective by validation,the valuation conclusion with probability was achieved.


A belt adjuster of cooker hood comprises an adjusting device, a beam unit base, an electric engine, an electric engine base, a loose sheet, a belt, a belt wheel of a reducer,wherein, the belt is integrated arranged on the belt wheel of the electric engine and the belt wheel of the reducer; the electric engine is fixed on the electric engine base; the left end of the electric engine base is connected with the beam unit base; the electric engine base can be rotated with the loose sheet; the lower part of the adjusting device is fixed under the beam unit base; the top part of the adjusting device is overlapped with the right side of the electric engine base. When tension or loose the belt, pausing the device is not required. Rotating the adjusting device, the electric engine can rotate with the loose sheet; because the belt wheel of the reducer is fixed, the electric engine base rotates with the loose sheet; the center distance of the belt wheel of the electric engine and the belt wheel of the reducer changes, thereby tensioning or loosing the belt When tension or loose belt is required, the belt can be tensioned or loosed without pause the device, the production of oil well can not be influenced, convenient, rapid, and useful, and labor intensity of the oilman can be greatly reduced, prominent economic benefit can be provided.


1 National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 2 Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia 3 State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China 4Department of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, No. 2 Bei Nong Lu, Zhu Xin Zhuang, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China 5 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China


In many important industries (oil and gas, process gases, chemical process engineering) multi-stage reciprocating compressors are used, especially for high pressure ratios. The gas is compressed in multiple consecutive stages and cooled after each stage in order to reduce the maximum process temperatures. The rejected heat is often dissipated to the environment and the usable part – the exergy – is lost. The aim of this paper is to show how the waste heat potential of reciprocating compressors can be used. For this purpose, the waste heat available per stage is quantified for different compression scenarios. Based on this, the processes for the waste heat recovery suitable for the temperature range of the discharge gas as heat source are presented – in particular the structure, working principle and characteristics of the waste heat recovery system. It is shown that the waste heat can be used flexibly for different purposes (heating, power generation, cold supply). The potential of the possible methods of waste heat recovery can be estimated with the aid of the given efficiencies of the respective energy conversion processes.


To the Editor, The paper on optic neuritis by Jeffrey Bennett et al., published in the Lancet Neurology, propagates the concept that 'idiopathic optic neuritis (ION) often has similar characteristics to multiple sclerosis (MS)associated optic neuritis'. However, we believe that the characteristics of ION can vary depending on its potential aetiology in individual patients, and should not be exclusively associated with MS. Before being able to routinely measure of autoantibodies such as aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) in China one study found that Chinese patients with ION had a higher proportion of bilateral optic nerve involvement and severe visual loss. In addition, they were prone to a worse visual recovery than those observed in Western countries. This appears to be different from the Western view that ION is a forme fruste of MS. Therefore, we strongly recommend the use of high dose of corticosteroids for Chinese patients with ION, as this condition might be the initial manifestation of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). With readily available commercial testing for AQP4-IgG in China it has been found that a high proportion of Chinese patients previously classified with ION actually have NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD)-associated optic neuritis. In fact, it has been found that optic neuritis is associated with many more diseases than has been previously thought possible. If we define ION by following the Western criteria and do not administer high doses of corticosteroids to potential NMOSD patients this could have serious consequences and could possibly lead to blindness and other disabilities in these patients. Therefore, the definition of ION needs to be tailored to accommodate the variations observed in different regions of the world, such as China, which accounts for almost 1/5 of the global population. In this era of glial autoimmune antibodies, about 20% of optic neuritis cases in China remain classified as 'idiopathic' (i.e. negative for AQP4-IgG and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG). Interestingly, the proportion of bilateral involvement and of severe visual impairment in these 'idiopathic' patients are similar to those with NMOSD-associated optic neuritis. Whether the potential aetiology of these patients is AQP4-IgGseronegative NMOSD or some other cause needs to be confirmed in future studies. In our opinion, we should not classify ION as related to MS just because there are no specific biomarkers to help identify its origin. ION should be defined as optic neuritis of unknown cause, which is exactly what 'idiopathic' means.


The problem of robust tracking control for a class of linear systems with time varying uncertainties and disturbance is studied. The uncertainties and disturbance are bounded by unknown bounds, which are not need to be considered in the proposed adaptive controller design. When certain matching conditions are satisfied, the system with disturbance may track asymptotically the known object by the variable structure way. Compared with existing results, the proposed method is more effective and enhances the robustness of controllers. The simulation demonstrates the effect of this method.


Abstract The observations and simulations have revealed that large-scale magnetic field and outflows can exist in the inner regions of an advection-dominated accretion disc where the resistive diffusion may also be important. In the present paper, the roles of large-scale magnetic field and outflows in the structure of resistive advection-dominated accretion discs are explored by assuming that the accretion flow is radially self-similar. In the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approximation, the results show that the angular velocity is always sub-Keplerian when both the outflow and the large-scale magnetic field are taken into account. A stronger toroidal field component leads to faster rotation, while the disc rotates with faster rate if the vertical field component is weaker. The increase of magnetic diffusivity causes the infall velocity to be close to Keplerian velocity. Although the previous studies in the ideal MHD approximation have shown that the disc temperature decreases due to the vertical field component, we find that the effect of vertical field component on the temperature of a resistive disc depends on the magnetic diffusivity. When the magnetic diffusivity is high, the more efficient mechanism for decreasing the disc temperature can be the outflows, and not the large-scale magnetic field. In such a limit of the magnetic diffusivity, the components of the large-scale magnetic field enhance the gas temperature. The increase of temperature can lead to heating and acceleration of the electrons and help us to explain the origin of phenomena such as the flares in Sgr A*. On the other hand, the infall velocity in such a limit rises as the temperature increases, and therefore the surface density falls to too low values. Any change in the density profile can alter the structure and the emitted spectrum of disc.


OBJECTIVE
To observe and explore the effect of Fuling () in alleviating the spleen deficiency symptom pattern (SDSP).

METHODS
We established an animal model of SDS in Sprague-Dawley () rats by treating them with deficiency-inducing factors, including irregular feeding and tail clamping. Mice were administered Fuling () and its extracts (raw/cooked powder, aqueous/alcohol extract) by gavage once a day for 21 d. The body weight, rectal temperature, and spleen and thymus organ coefficients were calculated. The levels of motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), aquaporin 2 (AQP2), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the serum and the level of AQP2 in the kidneys were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS
Fuling () and its extracts did not change the body weight, rectal temperature, and organ coefficients of the spleen and thymus. However, it reduced the levels of MTL and GAS and increased the levels of IL-2 and AQP2. In addition, the levels of IL-4 and 5-HT showed no significant alteration.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested the crucial function of () in SDSP, especially promoting digestive function and water metabolism.


With the use of high-definition colonoscopies as well as greater attention to quality indicators, such as adenoma detection rates, more diminutive (<6mm) polyps are being detected and removed.1 Only a small percentage of these polyps have been shown to have advanced pathology.1 However, the higher number of detected polyps has increased the overall cost of the procedure and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, largely because of an increased number of specimens being sent for pathology. One proposed strategy to decrease cost is the endoscopic differentiation of polyps, or optical diagnosis, which may eliminate the need for pathologic interpretation of diminutive polyps. There are 2 clinical applications of optical diagnosis that have been proposed: "resectand-discard" and "diagnose-and-leave."2 In the "resect-and-discard" strategy, the endoscopist makes an empiric diagnosis of the polyp as adenoma or hyperplastic. The endoscopist then resects the lesion but does not submit the specimen to pathology. In the "diagnose-and-leave" strategy, diminutive (r5mm) rectosigmoid polyps that are determined to be hyperplastic are not resected. There are advantages for these strategies, as well as possible pitfalls. One clear advantage would be potential cost savings. One study has estimated that the strategy could save 33 million dollars per year in the United States.3 Another advantage is that the physician could provide the patient with the surveillance interval recommendations on the day of the colonoscopy. This would improve communication as well as possibly increase compliance with surveillance. One concern has been the acceptance of optical diagnosis by patients and physicians in the United States. However, a survey of over 400 colonoscopy patients found that 2/3 would accept this strategy.4 In another survey, 61% (64/105) of gastroenterologists stated that they would consider adopting this strategy in their practice.5 These limited data suggest that there might be acceptance in the United States for optical diagnostic strategies, but further study is warranted. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Technology Committee published a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to evaluate endoscopic technologies for the optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps.2 This paper examined whether new evaluation tools, such as Narrow Band Imaging (NBI), can meet the previously established quality metrics previously published in the ASGE Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) thresholds for adoption of new technologies into clinical practice.6 In particular, the ASGE PIVI recommended that when a new technology is used for "resect-and-discard" for polyps r5mm, there has to be a 90% agreement with surveillance guidelines when the results with optical diagnosis are compared with results obtained using the histologic diagnosis. With respect to "diagnose-and-leave" for polypsr5mm, the ASGE recommended that the technology afford a 90% negative predictive value (NPV) for adenomatous histology. The ASGE meta-analyses supported the concept that optical diagnosis with NBI can meet these thresholds. Some important factors that were identified as predictors of higher NPV or agreement with surveillance intervals included exams performed at academic centers (versus community centers) as well as those performed by endoscopists with experience (versus novices). An additional important predictor was the confidence level of the endoscopist as dichotomized into high and low confidence. Diagnoses made with higher confidence as


Tiantai Sect is a localized Chinese Buddhist sect. It is the first Chinese Buddhist sect that applies music systematically and regularly in its series of Buddhist ceremonies,which plays an important role in the spreading and development of Buddhist thinking. Tiantai Sect's Buddhist music is a typical sample in the development history of China's Buddhist music as it went through historical changes from "self-practise"to "otherization".


In this paper, we are concerned with a problem related to granular computing with game theoretic intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets(GTIFRS). The game theoretic intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets is defined over compatibilitybased intuitionistic fuzzy relation. The imprecise information obtained, is considered to be composed of intuitionistic fuzzy granules. The basis of granulation is splitting intervals into several sub-intervals. A competitive situation arises due to movement of granules which is controlled by threshold,,,,,,,, parameters.


In order to further improve the tracking performances of the conventional disturbance observer (DOB)-based control schemes, a dual-loop robust control scheme is proposed for DC electro-mechanical servo system. The outer-loop sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed in order to deal with the impacts from the remainder equivalent disturbances, which is due to the inadequate estimation of the inner-loop DOB. Meanwhile, the existence of DOB can reduce the switching gain of SMC law, which can suppress the high-frequency chattering of control input to a certain extent. Moreover, an approximate differential method is employed in order to reliably acquire the differential information in a noisy environment. From the experiment results on a DC motor servo system, it is presented that the proposed dual-loop control scheme can effectively improve the tracking performances with respect to higher tracking accuracy and stronger system robustness against external disturbances and parameter perturbations, compared with the traditional DOB+PD control scheme.


To the Editor:

In the review1 on exercise testing in nonatherosclerotic heart disease, the important role of upright position during exercise stress test in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to provoke left ventricular (LV) outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) was not mentioned. Changing position from supine to standing may provoke LVOTG by reduction of LV preload and may induce the symptom of presyncope. Standing position during exercise, especially in a stress test using the more natural treadmill instead of the less natural supine bicycle, reflects the physiological condition during …


Background More than 500 000 young children die from dehydration caused by severe diarrhea each year, globally. Although routine use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) could prevent almost all of these deaths, ORS utilization remains low in many low–income countries. Previous research has suggested that misperceptions among caregivers may be an obstacle to wider use of ORS. Methods To better understand the extent of ORS utilization and the reasons for use or non–use in low–resource settings, the project team conducted a semi–structured, quantitative survey of 400 caregivers in Burkina Faso in 2014. All caregivers had a child below the age of five who had diarrhea lasting 2 days or more in the previous 2 months. Results Although more than 80% of caregivers were aware of ORS, less than half reported using it to treat their child's diarrhea. Replacing fluids lost due to diarrhea was considered a low priority by most caregivers, and many said they considered antibiotics more effective for treating diarrhea. Users and non–users of ORS held substantially different perceptions of the product, though all caregivers tended to follow recommendations of health care workers. A significant proportion of users reported difficulty in getting a child to drink ORS. Costs and access to ORS were not found to be significant barriers to use. Conclusions Misperceptions among caregivers and health workers contribute to low utilization of ORS. Better caregiver understanding of diarrheal disease and the importance of rehydration, as well as increased recommendation by health workers, will help to increase ORS utilization. Improving product presentation and taste will also help to increase use.


This study is about children's thoughts about what is alive. The study was conducted at a preschool on children who are five years. My purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of the educators about the conceptual understanding children have for life. Visualizing five years old children's thoughts on how they know that something is alive or not. To conduct the survey, qualitative interviews are used to get as developmental responses as possible from the children. Children know that animals and humans are alive. They have less knowledge of the plants are alive. Boys have a greater understanding of what is needed to live while girls showed great interest in pets. True this study's results it's a chance for the preschool educator's to get a bigger understanding about children's thoughts about what's living and why, which hopefully make it easier for the educator's to meet the children and give them new challenge.


Embryonic stem (ES) cells possess unlimited self-renewal capacity and developmental potential to differentiate into virtually any cell type of an organism. ES cells can differentiate under appropriate in vitro and in vivo conditions into different cell types. Embryonic stem cell-derived gametes could find several applications in animal breeding and assisted reproductive technology. One of the most common causes of male infertility is abnormal germ cell differentiation leading to azoospermia or oligospermia. In females, the most common cause of infertility involves ovulatory dysfunction. The emergence of techniques allowing the in vitro derivation of both germ cells and mature gametes will allow investigations into processes guiding germ cell formation and into academic and therapeutic uses for these fascinating cells. Producing germ cells in vitro would open important new avenues for regenerative medicine, and obtaining alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells is desirable. Advances in stem cell research have opened new perspectives for regenerative and reproductive medicine.


Considering the fact that the traditional oilfield information management system being used presently can not be effectively combined with all other oilfield information management systems and the problems that involve the intuitionistic distribution of production equipment,data realtimeness,data uniqueness,data share,data association,etc.,the paper develops functional modules of foreground control and of background service for the management system on the platform of MapXtreme,making use of JavaScript and ASP combined.This management system has an architecture of three-layer B/S mode and develops a solution to adding Chinese labels in the figures,querying properties of graphic elements,creating fonts conforming to inner systematic requirements,adding symbol and other pivotal problems.The utilization of the functional components of MapXBroker Groups solves the problem concerning the interface between multi-subsystems and the map server,and therefore reduces the time needed to call subsystems and display map,which makes the management system run more stably.The application of the management system designed according to the scheme in the production management system of an oil-product in a company in Daqing justifies the effectiveness of this scheme.


We explore the impact of distributional fairness degree and entanglement degree on the cooperation between different players by investigating a modified prisoner's dilemma game. We not only introduce a new concept of distributional fairness degree, but also obtain the cooperation conditions for overcoming dilemma in terms of fairness and entanglement inequalities. It is demonstrated that distributional fairness can be of fundamental importance to promote cooperation with the help of quantum entanglement.


This paper describes a single server queuing system where the units arrive in batches of variable size under Poisson stream. The server provides services in k stations. The service times in each station follows general distribution. The principles of feedback, vacation and reneging are employed in the system. The steady state probability functions that the server is providing service in any service station and that on vacation are derived. The corresponding steady state probabilities are also obtained. The expected number of units in the queue has been obtained for some special cases.


Due to the rapid urbanization, motorization and the high density of most urban structures, the parking challenge in Taipei is getting worse. Although public transit systems have advanced as an economical and friendly alternative to cars, people prefer to drive the car to their destination because it takes less time and is more flexible for many trips. As a result, the significant shortage of parking spaces in cities creates a problem for drivers. The lifetime and stability of the mechanism from "nothing" to "something" depend on whether or not the interchangeability of such mechanism can catalyze subsequent operations spontaneously as well as the degree of catalytic power. If the mechanism possesses spontaneous catalytic power for sustainability, and the catalytic process has the "good" to benefit other people without compromising your own interest, the formation of this mechanism will be regarded as "good formation".