Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are both chronic disorders and when they occur as co-morbidities create havoc by presenting with a plethora of morbidity and mortality. Both require drug treatment over a long period of time, which calls for stringent analysis of prescribing trends of the same. Objectives: The present study was intended to analyze prescribing pattern and establish prescribing trends of anti-hypertensive drugs (AHD) in hypertensive diabetic patients. Methods: The present study was a record based, randomized, non-interventional study of 2 years duration conducted at a tertiary care hospital of central India. Prescriptions from 400 case records of hypertensive diabetics were obtained from the medical record section. Demographic details, blood pressure, and AHDs prescribed were systematically entered in pre-validated case record form. All data were thoroughly analyzed for fallacies and appropriateness. Results: Among 400 patients, 221 were males, and 179 were females. Monotherapy was used in 366 (91.5%) patients while combination therapy was used in 34 (8.5%) patients. Most commonly used combination was angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)+calcium channel blocker (CCB), while in monotherapy CCB≥ACEI>beta blocker>diuretic>angiotensin II receptor blocker were most commonly prescribed. Conclusion: The present study represents trend and attitude of physicians in prescribing AHDs. On comparing with Joint National Committee 7 guidelines, the majority of the cases deviated from the guidelines, mostly in a choice of AHDs and Fixed dose combination.


Polymer Chemistry is one of important course on specialty of material Engineering Technology of Higher Vocation.In view of training objectives and characteristics of course,based on necessary and sufficient principle,some methods and measures concerning with textbook using,teaching content,multimedia teaching,experiment teaching and examination were put forward.Through practice,quality of teaching and the quality of students were improved obviously.


The article deals with Polish work of Szymon Starowolski, his life ideals and preached ideas that are shown in his preached prose. Special attention is paid to lament motives of political character, expressions and brochures. The article presents biographic factors that had an impact on the writer's spiritual world. A separate part of Szymon Starowolski's Polish works is devoted to the problems of education and upbringing of the youth.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of selected factors, such as: gender, age, stroke type, side of paresis, time to initiation of rehabilitation, first or successive in-patient rehabilitation and severity of paresis at admission on the final clinical status of patients and on the outcome of treatment at the department of rehabilitation, district hospital. Material and methods: All 431 post-stroke patients qualified for the treatment at the department of rehabilitation between January 2002 and December 2003 were included in the study. Patients were divided into four age groups. Results of rehabilitation were analyzed in male and female groups separately. Patients were divided according to the stroke type into four groups either suffering from an ischaemic or a hemorrhagic stroke; another selection cirterion was left-sided vs. right-sided paresis. The so-called general fitness, Barthel Index and Brunnstrom test were used to evaluate clinical status of the patients and the progress of rehabilitation. Statistical analysis was carried out using the t-test or – alternatively – the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, and the chi-square test. Results: Based on the obtained results, it was proven that multidimensional, complex rehabilitation in a specialist centre, carried out by rehabilitation team resulted in significant improvement of post-stroke patients' clinical status. The improvement was observed for all measurements of fitness used in the study. Analysis of the effects of rehabilitation with regard to patients' age indicated that an improvement in general fitness, motor activity (reduction of paresis) and independency in activities of daily living was obtained in each age group. Based on the analysis conducted in groups of patients with different stroke aetiologies, it was found that effects of the treatment in patients with haemorrhagic stroke were better than in patients with ischaemic stroke, which was observed in each of the applied measures used for the evaluation of patients' clinical status. Mean improvement observed after the treatment was greater in patients with right-sided paresis than in patients with left-sided paresis. Gender had no significant effect on the extent of rehabilitation results. Conclusions: Results of the study indicate that in post-stroke patients, gender, advanced age, stroke location, stroke type or motor skills at admission do not constitute a criterion determining the possibility of conducting rehabilitation procedures.


In order to avoid the charge of visually evaluating the quality of segmentation masks, the present paper introduces a procedure for evaluating this quality by means of algorithmically computed figures of merit. Assuming the existence of a perfect (reference) mask, generated manually or with a reliable procedure over a test set, these figures of merit take into account visually desirable properties of a segmentation mask in order to provide the user with outputs that best qualify the spatial and temporal accuracy of the segmentation masks. For the sake of easy interpretation, results are presented on a PSNR-like logarithmic scale.


The Middle Ordovician Stairway Sandstone consists of a succession of siliciclastic shallow marine sediments, stratigraphically positioned between the dark organic-rich siltstones of the Horn Valley Siltstone, and the regressive siltstones and shales of the overlying Stokes Siltstone, in the Amadeus Basin. The Stairway Sandstone is notable for containing early arandaspid fish fossils, and is a prospective reservoir for Larapinta Petroleum System hydrocarbons. The unit has not been directly dated, but a field sample from the uppermost Stairway Sandstone has yielded an abundant and well-preserved fauna, including micro-vertebrate and conodont fossils that enable correlation to high resolution international conodont biozonation schemes. Vertebrate microfossils represent three agnathan genera, Arandaspis, Porophoraspis and Sacabambaspis. Conodont species include Microzarkodina ozarkodella and Baltoniodus medius; index fossils that allow correlation to the upper subzone of the Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus Zone of the Middle Darriwillian. The conodont fauna also includes stratigraphically wide-ranging larapintine species, as well as endemic forms and new species. The abundance of the fauna, and the presence of Erraticodon, indicates sea-level rise at the time of the latest Stairway Sandstone deposition. The global Stein Lowstand event, represented by a hiatus at the top of the Horn Valley Siltstone and the subsequent shallow or aeolian influence over the lower and middle parts of the Stairway Sandstone, occurs at 463.71 ma, and the top of the E. pseudoplanus zone occurs at 462.52 ma (GTS2016). The intervening time constrains the end depositional age of potential reservoir sands of the Stairway Sandstone, and age of the earliest Gondwana fish fauna.


The architecture of the vascular wall is highly intricate and requires unique biomechanical properties in order to function properly. Native artery is composed of a mix of collagen, elastin, endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMC), fibroblasts, and proteoglycans arranged into three distinct layers: the intima, media, and adventitia. Throughout artery, collagen and elastin play an important role, providing a mechanical backbone, preventing vessel rupture, and promoting recovery while undergoing pulsatile deformations [1]. The low-strain mechanical response of artery to blood flow is dominated by the elastic behavior of elastin which prevents pulsatile energy from being dissipated as heat [2]. Previous work has shown the ability to fabricate multi-layered electrospun scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), elastin (ELAS), and collagen (COL), and their associated mechanical advantages. PCL was chosen, in this case, to provide mechanical integrity and elasticity, while elastin and collagen would provide further elasticity and bioactivity [3,4]. However, when the grafts were implanted in the descending aorta of a rat, cellular results were not as desirable as predicted. Therefore, further graft optimization was required. The hypothesis of this study was that blended polymers and biopolymers would be conducive for cellular attachment through specific integrin binding sites. To test this hypothesis, human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (hUASMC) were seeded on electrospun PCL, COL, and ELAS blends for evaluation in a cell adhesion inhibition experiment.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the dissolution of numeral classifiers in Thai. Using a sentence-completion paradigm, five lefthemisphere brain-damaged aphasic patients were asked to supply an appropriate classifier in response to pictures of 72 nouns representative of a wide variety of semantic categories of classification. As measured by mean percent correct, all five Thai aphasics exhibited a deficit in classifier usage. A category analysis indicated that classifiers based on inherent perceptual characteristics of objects are less resistant to aphasic disruption than those which are not. A semantic analysis of classifier errors revealed that the general classifier for inanimate objects and repeater classifiers were frequently substituted for more specialized classifiers, and that semantic confusions were usually based on shared semantic characteristics between the target classifier and the substituted word. A comparison to the results from our previous study of classifier acquisition (Gandour et al. 1984) indicated that semantic errors in classifier responses made by adult aphasics were quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those made by young children. Taken together, our findings appear to support the idea that different classifier categories may be functionally distinguished in relationship to degree of semantic or metaphoric transparency. Aphasic patients generally exhibit in varying degrees an impaired ability to find the lexical items necessary for one or another communicative purpose. These word-finding disturbances are of theoretical interest to the linguist because of the evidence they provide for how words are represented in and manipulated by the brain (see Buckingham 1981 for review of psycholinguistic studies of aphasic disturbances of the lexicon). As revealed in Buckingham (1981), the bulk of aphasia research on wordfinding difficulties has focused on two grammatical categories, nouns and verbs. A few studies of lexical retrieval disturbances have focused on color Linguistics 23 (1985), 547-566 0024-3949/85/0023-0529 $2.00 © Mouton Publishers 548 /. Candour et al. adjectives (Geschwind and Fusillo 1966) and functors (Gordon and Caramazza 1982, 1983). No data are yet available on word-finding problems in aphasia associated with numeral classifiers. In numeral classifier languages, classifiers occur obligatorily in noun phrases containing an expression of quantity and classify nouns primarily in terms of their intrinsic semantic features (e.g. \νεεη sii woy, ring 4 CLF for ring-shaped objects, '4 rings'). Recently, there has been a growing interest in the semantics of classifier systems from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives (Craig i.p.). Among classifier languages, Thai, the national language of Thailand, has one of the most elaborate, complex set of classifiers (Conklin 1981; Goral 1978; Haas 1942; Hiranburana 1979; Hundius and Kolver 1983). Gandour et al. (1984) reported on a cross-sectional experimental investigation of the acquisition of numeral classifiers in Thai. In this paper, we will report on an experimental investigation of the dissolution of Thai classifiers in brain-damaged patients with unilateral left-hemisphere lesions. In general, the study of Thai aphasics is interesting with respect to the question of parallelism in acquisition and dissolution as well as with respect to the validity of variables such as semantic transparency in accounting for problems of aphasic patients. Specifically, we will attempt to determine (a) what adult aphasics' classifier errors reveal about the organization of the lexicon, (b) to what extent different semantic categories of classification are differentially affected in organic breakdown, and (c) to what extent classifier errors made by adult aphasics are similar in number and type to those made by young children.


Currently, smartphones are rapidly spreading, and the convenience of smartphones in daily life is greatly improved. Therefore, it is indispensable for many people, and visually impaired people are no exception. However, the penetration rate of smartphones with blind people is low. In general, when a visually impaired person uses a smartphone, he grasps the operation situation as auditory information using a screen reader and grasps the relative position on the touch screen through the tactile information. In this operation method, it is difficult to grasp the complicated screen configuration, and there is a problem that it takes a very long time to perform the operation. Therefore, we propose a method to support input by creating a touch screen application (outer shell application) that a visually impaired person can easily grasp the input image and putting it on the application to be actually used. As the operation of the system, characters are input to the operation guidance by voice synthesis, and the target word is selected. The selected word is searched in the word dictionary, and words rearranged in descending order of frequency information by the predictive conversion technique are displayed. In addition, the top six words are read out by speech synthesis, and when the number of candidates is 7 or more, the number of candidates is read aloud. Then, by selecting the target word, the next operation guide is performed by voice synthesis, and the target word is continuously selected until the target page can be displayed. Finally, it is a method of performing operation support by conveying the result information at a slightly slow speech speed based on the selected word information. As a result of comparing the proposed method with the conventional method, we confirmed a drastic decrease in operation time of the proposed method.


The following work is about testicular cancer disease and its main objective is the realization of a theoretical analysis; then raise awareness about the importance of this disease in society and how it can be prevented through a campaign...


Abstract This paper intends to develop a feasible framework which incorporates ambiguity aversion into the pricing of insurance products and investigate the implications of ambiguity aversion on the pricing by comparing it with risk aversion. As applications of the framework, we present the closed-form pricing formulae for some insurance products appearing in life insurance and property insurance. Our model confirms that the effects of ambiguity aversion on the pricing of insurance do differ from those of risk aversion. Implications of our model are consistent with some empirical evidences documented in the literature. Our results suggest that taking advantage of natural hedge mechanism can help us control the effects of model uncertainty.


PVA grafting cationic polyacrylate surface sizing agent was prepared through soap-free emulsion polymerization with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as disperser, styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and methylacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as major monomers, and the surface sizing agent was characterized with infrared spectrum(FT -IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and SEM. The application result shows that the tensile strength, bursting strength, folding endurance and tearing strength were increased by 22.32%, 12.63%, 38.2% and 7.49% respectively when the polymer sizing agent was used alone and the effect was close to or higher than single polymer emulsion when it was compounded with oxidated starch.


Both radial component and axial component are the favorite testing factors in the magnetic flux leakage testing(MFLT).Equivalent magnetic dipole model was taken to analyze the distribution feature of magnetic flux leakage of defects,demonstrating the fact that radial component decays more rapidly than axial component.The flux leakage due to steel pipe defects with various defect depth(10% to 40%) and width(0.5 mm to 20 mm) was calculated using finite element method.The sharpness angle of the notch was also taken into consideration in the calculation.The critical point,where the amplitude of radial component is equal to that of axial component,transits with various parameters of defects.The tendency of shift of critical point is discussed for the different cases.The effects of lift-off of sensor and defect parameters on amplitude of components of flux leakage were studied from sensor design.The conclusion is drawn that critical point can be used to determine which component would be pick out by one dimensional sensor in designing MFLT equipments.


In this paper, the inverse dynamics of a space-based manipulator composed of three rigid bodies with prismatic joint is studied, and the Jacobian matrix for space manipulator is derived. A control method for space manipulator based on the resolved motion rate control concept is proposed. It is demonstrated by simulations that the control method is efficient.


In J-PARC 50GeV synchrotron ring, large vacuum pressure rises above 10-4—10-3 Pa are found at 30GeV acceleration final stage in the repetition cycle with beam intensity over 1013 particles per pulse (ppp). The pressure rise are mainly occurred in the chambers of the in-vacuum electrostatic septum (ESS) magnet for the slow-extraction (SX), magnetic septum (MS) for SX, and the kicker magnet for the fast-extraction (FX); furthermore, as beam intensity goes high, the rise are occurred in the normal beam duct in arc section. This rise depends on beam intensity and peak-current, and can be reduced by continuous beam operations that work as scrubbing with proton beam and surface desorptions. INTRODUCTION J-PARC MR Review Since the successfully extraction of 30GeV proton beam in December 2008 and transport to the neutrino beam line in April 2009, J-PARC 30GeV synchrotron (MR-Main Ring-) rise up the beam power and brush up the quality of beam, now we supply about 20—50 Tppp (tera particles per pulse) equivalent to 30—65 kW power to the neutrino beam line. In MR vacuum system [1], the main pump is the titanium sputter ionization pump (IP) of pumping speed 0.5—0.6 m/s. In three arc sections, IP are placed about 34m intervals at the gap between quadrupole and bending magnets and at the short straight section so called "missing bend". In three straight sections, the vacuum chambers of injection and extraction magnets individually have IP. The vacuum pressure is measured by BayardAlpert (B-A) gauge. In July 2009 (and also in May 2010 if the low beam power operation mode), vacuum pressure arrives below 1×10 Pa in almost all ring except injection and fast-extraction septum chamber 1×10 Pa [2]. Pressure Rise In November 2009, as the beam intensity goes up to a few Tppp (tera particles per pulse), we found the vacuum pressure burst up and decay slowly with single beam shot at the chambers of FX kicker, SX ESS and SX MS (although latter two magnets are not in use) as shown in Figure 1. The pressure rise value is over 10 Pa at FX kicker, over 10 Pa at SX ESS and MS where the beam losses are found at the final acceleration time. Furthermore, recently the beam-power exceeds 40kW, the pressure rise in the ordinary beam duct in arc section has begun. For continuous fast-extraction mode of repetition time of 6s or 3.52s, the pressure repeatedly rise up and down then become the equilibrium value of the rate of outgas and exhaust. With beam operation for several hours, the average pressure decrease exponentially or slowly because the amount of outgassing decrease. It is considered that the vacuum surface of chamber and invacuum magnet become clean by the bombardment of protons and residual gasses and secondary emission electrons. In this paper, the surface cleaning, scrubbing effect is described. a) 15 10 5 In t.[ T pp p] 12:00 11/22/2009 18:00 00:00 11/23/2009 dat 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 Pr es su re [ Pa ] Intensity ESS2 FXKicker3


Nd& 85Ceo»Cu04 —y from l mT to 1 T applied magnetic fields. The dc resistivity-current density data for each field exhibit critical scaling consistent with a second-order vortex-liquid to vortex-solid phase transition. The high-field data support the vortex-glass model and have the same critical exponents as thinfilm YBa2Cu307 z. At low fields we observe a change in the critical exponents and universal functions. The critical regime diminishes as the field is decreased but remains nonzero even at I mT. These results suggest that the universality class of the transition changes at low fields.


Mechanical stress on red blood cells is associated with using infusion pumps for blood administration. Current standards in North America leave it to healthcare facilities to consult with manufacturers about infusion pump safety for transfusion; studies on various pumps and red blood cell (RBC) conditions are scarce.


When subjected cyclic loading,structural steel may suffer from fatigue cracking.Cracks always initiate at the locations of stress concentration and propagate until fracture occurs.Stop hole is a useful temporary fatigue repair method.The hole is usually drilled at the crack tip to eliminate the stress concentration there and so stop the crack propagation.Given a certain crack,stop hole of various diameters have different repair effectiveness.The mechanism of stop hole is studied numerically by elastic-plastic finite element analysis software,based on the local strain-life method.And the effectiveness of various of holes for fatigue life are analyzed,compared,and described.


This Report represents that the influence of varying amounts of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) collect from a demolished Cancer Hospital, Located at Rajkot, Gujarat, about 50 years old on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and compared it with the results with normal vibrated concrete (NVC) containing 100% natural coarse aggregate (NCA).The properties such as physical and mechanical properties of natural and recycled coarse aggregates are carried out. NCA is partially replaced with RCA by an amount 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50%. The effect of RCA on the properties of SCC in green state (e.g. Slump flow test, V-Funnel test and L-Box Test) and properties of concrete in hardened state (e.g. compressive strength, flexural strength, and Split tensile Strength) are studied. The mix design was carried out for M-30 and M-35 grade of concrete. The experimental results shows that the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength is higher than the use of Recycled coarse aggregate and the strength of SCC decreases with an increase rate of replacement percentage of recycled aggregate (RA). The present study recommends SCC marginally achieves required compressive strength up to 40% replacement of RCA.


Scrub typhus, caused by the proteobacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi, is re-emerging in several regions of Asia, particularly in India. Severity of infection and clinical presentations are known to vary with the infecting prototype/genotype. Hence genotypic characterization and distribution of various genotypes is of clinical and epidemiological importance. One hundred and forty five suspected scrub typhus cases, reporting to a tertiary care centre in Puducherry, India were investigated for O. tsutsugamushi specific IgM antibodies by ELISA out of which, 135 (93%) were positive. Most cases occurred post-monsoon, peaking in September, and there was a preponderance in young adults. Forty samples tested positive by Nested PCR based on 56kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi and amplicons from PCR positive samples were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree constructed using 35 sequences (from nt 20 to nt 130) obtained in the study, along with those retrieved from NCBI site, formed two major branches; one comprising 15 sequences from this study, which aligned with Karp genotype, and the other containing 6 sequences which aligned with a sequence from Vellore, India. The second major branch had 12 sequences, which formed an independent group from the Gilliam prototype. Analysis of association of clinical manifestations with genotypes obtained in the present study showed that the sequences that formed an independent group, were associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations involving multiple organs and more severe manifestations like ARDS and hypotension. The sequences, which branched with Karp prototype were associated with hepatitis, meningitis and Multi-organ disorder syndrome (MODS). The present study thus indicated that different genotypes of O. tsutsugamushi occur in southern regions of India, which were associated with various clinical manifestations. Studies on the occurrence of genotypes will help in development of diagnostic methods and vaccines to curtail the infection.


The classical harmony search algorithm (HSA) can only be used to solve the unconstrained optimization problems with continuous decision variables. Therefore, the classical HSA is not suitable for solving an engineering optimization problem with mixed discrete variables. In order to improve the classical HSA, an engineering method for dealing with mixed discrete decision variables is introduced and an exact non-differentiable penalty function is used to transform the constrained optimization design model into an unconstrained mathematical model. Based on above improvements, a program of improved HSA is designed and it can be used for solving the constrained optimization design problems with continuous variables, integer variables and non-equidistant discrete variables. Finally, an optimization design example of single-stage cylindrical-gear reducer with mixed-discrete variables is given. The example shows that the designed program runs steadily and the proposed method is effective in engineering design.


A field experiment was conducted during 2006-2007 in a private orchard, in Multan, to assess the fruit loss in different genotypes of mango (Mangiferae indica) due to mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae Green) infestation and to determine relation of mango varieties morphological characters to abundance, preference and non preference of mango mealybugs. Results revealed that pest population was highest in varieties which were regular bearer, possessed light green leaf color, larger leaf size, round to medium beak, medium lenticels, light pink inflorescence, high exopericarp thickness and oblong fruit shape while population was minimum in varieties which possessed medium erect branches, alternate fruits bearer, light green leaf color, smaller leaf size, weak to absent fruit beak, medium lenticels, green inflorescence high exopericarp thickness and ovate fruit shape. Flesh color and mid rib vein curvature seemed to have no significant role with pest abundance. Pest observations for loss assessment revealed that the fruits obtained in pests managed genotypes were statistically more than untreated i.e. 10.82 percent in cultivar Anwar Retual followed by 10.81, 10.23, 9.53, 9.41, 9.21, 8.42 and 7.75 percent on Retaul-12, Chaunsa, Black Chaunsa, Sindhri, Tukhmi, Dusehri and Fajri, respectively. Maximum population of mango mealybug was recorded on Chaunsa i.e. 17.52 individuals/ inflorescence and minimum on Anwar Retaul i.e. 9.67 /inflorescence.


The objective of this study was to develop techniques for predicting from well logs the quantity of recoverable oil by primary depletion from the upper Red River Formation (Cedar Creek Anticline) in the Williston Basin. Means of providing appropriate rock-type zonation from routinely run logs for geological purposes were also desired. A technique for calculating from logs and ratio K/theta where k is permeability to air observed in cores and theta is porosity, is described. The confidence limit for the predicted k/theta from logs in the Red River is the same as that from the cores themselves. In the Red River, the parameter k/theta is useful for classifying rocks by pore size ranges. A quantitative correlation between primary oil recovery from production curves and sigma So theta h calculated from logs is developed for the Red River, where So is oil saturation and h is interval thickness. The method also employs the calculated value of k/theta to divide the zones into appropriate classes of rock quality for the summation.


Many children from developing countries enter Australia yearly either with their family or alone. Many such immigrants establish themselves in Sydney of Melbourne. Due to infectious, malnutrition, and poverty, the children come with a high risk of death, disease, and disability. these risks continue in Australia due to unemployment, poverty, and social obstacles. The government provides health screenings to protect Australians from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis. Health services should also tend to the growth, development, and personal health needs of these immigrant children. Few health practitioners have received training in identifying and intervening in their health problems, however. A clinic has organized a service for immigrant children including those who had experienced war, threat, or disaster. An integrated health service which can address unique needs must be available to children from developing countries. In south Western Sydney, such a system exists. A community health nurse works with school age refugees to match them up with appropriate health services. The Service Director of the Department of Community Paediatrics in South Western sydney proposed an even more comprehensive health service for all children from developing countries which would encourage self-reliance and independence. Trained community nurses would actually g into their homes and schools to assist them in finding appropriate practitioners. This system of individual attention would round out the public health screenings. All health practitioners should familiarize themselves with the unique health needs of these children and the different cultural contexts from which they derive. Only then can these children reach the full development potential as Australian-born children.


The surface tension of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dye mixture was measured as a function of total concentration of SDS and dye and the composition of SDS at 298. 15 K and atmospheric pressure. Two monoazo acid dyes were used, C. I. Acid Orange 7 (Orange II) and C. I. Acid. Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow). Adsorbed film and micelle compositions were determined by applying thermodynamic equations to the experimental results. Orange II molecules were forced more strongly than Metanil Yellow molecules to move away from the adsorbed film and micelle owing to the presence of SDS molecules. The present findings may adequately explain why an anionic surfactant acts as a leveling agent in dyeing.


Many attempts have been made at estimating discrete emotions (calmness, anxiety, boredom, surprise, anger) and continuous emotional measures commonly used in psychology, namely `valence' (The pleasantness of the emotion being displayed) and `arousal' (The intensity of the emotion being displayed). Existing methods to estimate arousal and valence rely on learning from data sets, where an expert annotator labels every image frame. Access to an expert annotator is not always possible, and the annotation can also be tedious. Hence it is more practical to obtain self-reported arousal and valence values directly from the human in a real-time Human-Robot collaborative setting. Hence this paper provides an emotion data set (HRI-AVC) obtained while conducting a human-robot interaction (HRI) task. The self-reported pair of labels in this data set is associated with a set of image frames. This paper also proposes a spatial and temporal attention-based network to estimate arousal and valence from this set of image frames. The results show that an attention-based network can estimate valence and arousal on the HRI-AVC data set even when Arousal and Valence values are unavailable per frame.


Chlorhexidine is a worldwide used antiseptic substance on skin and mucous membrans and a disinfectant before endoscopic examinations and operations. It seems to be a weak sensitizer, but in the case of an IgE-mediated allergy severe anaphylactic reactions following chlorhexidine application on lesional skin or mucosal exposure even in minimal bactericid concentration are possible. We report such a reaction after intraurethral insertion of a chlorhexidine containing anaesthetic gel.


Ms. Shore describes how, without additional funds, a typical American high school can work to curb disruptive behaviors by taking steps to enable the staff to get to know the students better. IN MANY WAYS, Huntington Beach High School is the average American secondary school. It has neither the highest test scores in the district nor the lowest. It serves neither the most affluent community in the area nor the poorest. Its student body is roughly 34% minority. And, like many high schools in the country, Huntington Beach High experienced an increase in violence and suspendable behaviors over the last decade. Administrators and staff members had begun taking the typical steps to curb unacceptable behaviors: establishing a stricter dress code, increasing the severity of punishment for misconduct, and discontinuing such school activities as dances and evening athletic events, at which disruptive behavior was exceeding the ability of supervisors to maintain a safe and secure environment. However, four years ago the administration decided to take a different tack. Instead of asking the many to pay for the sins of the few, school officials launched a concerted effort to personalize the school experience for that small percentage of students who were engaging in disruptive behavior. Some of the troublesome students were low achievers, some were members of minority groups, some came from low socioeconomic backgrounds, some had little or no parental support, some were flirting with gangs or had already become full-fledged members. Indeed, they represented a cross section of the school population; no single group was causing the problems, and thus no single group could be the target of the new strategy. Staff members of Huntington Beach High School picked up the idea of personalization from Theodore Sizer, founder of the Coalition of Essential Schools, who views personalization as the single most important factor that keeps young people in school. When education is personalized, Sizer says, students are known by the adult professionals in the school. Huntington Beach staff members set out to test this theory. The vice principal of supervision, the school psychologist, the school nurse, and the community outreach liaison all compiled "hot lists" of students whom they viewed as not on track to graduate because of behavior problems. Meanwhile, all Huntington Beach faculty members were asked to jot down the names of their "top 10" students--the ones who seemed to need extra attention--and the district office was asked to furnish a list of all Huntington Beach High School students who had received three or more F's on their latest report card. The names on the various lists were cross-referenced, and staff members started getting to know these youngsters by name. First, an adopt-a-kid program was initiated, which matched adult volunteers on campus with one or two students of their choosing from the list. The adults were to listen, to provide information when needed, and to provide support or advice when asked. The adults met with the students before school, after school, over lunch, or--when appropriate--during class. To ensure frequent contact, several of the teachers appointed these students as their class aides. Others met with their students only a few times but nonetheless functioned as campus adults who knew the students by name and greeted them every time they saw them. Attempts were made to match students' learning styles with the adults' personality styles. This simple-to-implement program cost the school and its cash-strapped district nothing, since it relied on the effort of volunteers. At the same time, the vice principal, the assistant principal, the school psychologist, the school nurse, the community outreach liaison, and selected staff members formed a group that met weekly to discuss the progress of students on the list. This group functioned much like a student study team, but its efforts were not limited to special education students. …


Abstract : The Software Licensing Project (SLP) team of hte Software Engineering Institute (SEI) was created to study legal issues related to the government's acquisition policy with respect to software and data rights. In conducting its research, a primary focus of the SLP has been the government's problems in structuring licensing arrangements for maintaining and enhancing software, that is, in obtaining sufficient rights in and documentation about software to be able to perform in-house maintenance and enhancement, or to achieve completion for maintenance contracts. To understand the context within which maintenance and enhancement problems have arisen, the project undertook a broad investigation of the government's software acquisition policy. In the course of this investigation, we were made aware of a wide range of software licensing problems being experienced by the government. This report reflects this broad investigation of the DoD's software acquisition policy.


Uruguay is a small country, geographically, but also in population (about 3,000,000 people). It was born as an independent country at the beginning of the 19th century, so it is also young. It was conceived as a buffer state between the two giant neighbors that came to be Argentina and Brazil. It was born and developed as a consequence of several local civil wars that destroyed the unity of the Spanish speaking community. In addition, unity was also spoiled by the tough imperial policy of two European countries (UK and France) against the decadent Spanish Empire, because they extended the Napoleonic wars across the ocean into South America. The 20th century began with the last big civil war in Uruguay and the country became divided into the capital (Montevideo) and the remainder, with an agronomical economy, constituting what was a major drawback until now, with half of the population living in Montevideo and the other half dispersed in small cities with very few people, living from cattle rearing and agriculture with an economy based on 'latifundio' (large, run-down landed estates that can reach 100,000 hectare or more in size). But, the geographical location between Argentina and Brazil permitted this little country also to gain some advantages from both, especially from the cultural point of view. Biological research began, mostly, as a result of visionary persons' individual efforts. Professions, like medicine, veterinary or agronomical sciences, were developed as a necessity to solve practical problems to improve the main production of the country. They became the seed for the development of science and research. We will mention the initiative of a selfmade man directed exclusively to basic sciences, Clemente Estable, a primary school teacher, interested not only in biology but in philosophy, art and education. He obtained a Fellowship to learn neurobiological research with the master of his time, Santiago Ramon y Cajal (a Spanish Nobel Price Laureate). After several years of profitable study he returned to Uruguay with a self-imposed mission: to introduce basic science to his people and to found an institution devoted to basic biological research. This institution, now known as the Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE, Clemente Estable Institute for Biological Research), was born in the third decade of the 20th century as a small laboratory, but in 1950 was moved to its present position, and one of its former Departments became the Department of Biochemistry directed by a woman named M. I. Ardao (which was also pioneering for this time). It was an official demonstration of the interest of the country in so modern and profitable a discipline, because in the School of Medicine and the School of Chemistry there were movements that also finally developed similar biochemical education and research departments. In the 1950s, the School of Chemistry developed a two-month full-time biochemistry course for professors interested in this discipline. They invited Professor Guzman Barron (a Peruvian biochemist living in Chicago, USA) to develop the course. This was the seed of what later became the Department of Biochemistry of the School of Chemistry. The School of Medicine in a similar move invited Professor Totter (USA) who shared research with the Uruguayan Professor E. Prodanov, one of the founders of the School of Medicine Biochemistry Department. Almost simultaneously, in 1960 some of the attendees of this course founded the first Uruguayan Society of Biochemistry and were thereafter destined to be the leaders of several biochemistry laboratories in different Schools of the University, or the IIBCE. We will mention some of them: E. Prodanov, C. Scazzocchio, C. Estable Puig, W. DeAngelis, A. de Betolaza, M. Calcagno, G. Martinez, G. Freire, E. Lasalvia, I. Korch C. M. Franchi and M. I. Ardao. Other important contributors to biochemical research were R. Caldeiro-Barcia and J. Brovetto. The first Uruguayan Society of Biochemistry had almost 50 members who developed several events related with its constitutional goals. But when, in 1973, a dictatorship was installed in Uruguay, the University was closed and several professors went abroad, not only to continue their work but Received 11 January 2007; accepted 11 January 2007 Address correspondence to: Jose Roberto Sotelo, President SBBM, Head of the Department of Proteins & Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, C.P.11600, Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail: email@example.com IUBMBLife, 59(4 – 5): 219 – 220, April –May 2007


[Concluded from page 31.9-] CASE III. Febricula ; Peritonitis front Ulceration and Perforation of the Bowel when Convalescence was apparently almost established; Death; Autopsy. Harold B., aged 22, a Danish sailor, tall and well built, was admitted under the care of Sir Henry Cooper on November 7th, 186 2. He was suffering fromslight feverishness, with furred tongue and hot skin, and a little cough. Sibilus and rhonchus were scantily heard in front of the chest. The only history obtained at the time, was simply that he had been ailing but a few days-a very important point, however, as will be seen hereafter. He was ordered a dose of simple saline mixture containing ipecacuanba wine every three hours, and two grains of calomel at bedtime. He was placed on milk diet. Nov. 8th. He expectorated some white frothy mucus in moderate quantity. A blister was ordered to be applied to the front of the chest. He progressed favourably, the feverishness subsiding, and the abnormal chest-sounds being no longer heard. Nov. 14th. He was ordered a grain of quinine three times a day, as he appeared to be convalescing very nicely. June 15th. His bowels not having acted for two days, a dose of the ordinary senna-mixture of the house was given him. This operated in the evening once. Nov. 16th. He complained now of a little pain in the right hypochondriac region, which was relieved by the application of a mustard plaister, followed by a linseedmeal poultice. He was also a little sick at times, throwing up small quiantities of greenish fluid. This latter


For the WIPP, chemical and physical characteristics of MgO suggest it to be the most beneficial backfill choice, particularly because it has the ability to buffer the aqueous chemical conditions to control actinide volubility. In the current experimental program, the authors are developing a technical basis for taking credit for the complete set of attributes of MgO in geochemical, hydrogeological, and geomechanical technical areas, resulting in an improved conceptual model for the WIPP such as the following. Water uptake by MgO will delay the development of mobile actinides and gas generation by microbes and corrosion. Reduced gas generation will reduce or even eliminate spallings releases. As MgO hydrates, it swells, reducing porosity and permeability, which will inhibit gas flow in the repository, in turn reducing spallings releases. Hydration will also result in a self-sealing mechanism by which water uptake and swelling of MgO adjacent to a groundwater seep cuts off further seepage. Reaction with some groundwaters will produce cementitious materials, which will help to cement waste particles or produce a cohesive solid mass. Larger particles are less likely to be entrained in a spallings release. If sufficient water eventually accumulates in a repository to support microbial gas generation, magnesium carbonate cements will form; also producing good cohesion and strength.


In this paper we first evaluate four finite unified integrals involving product of the H- function of several variables ( )


Land of Education is a historical product of native education and culture.The history of native education of Nantong,Jiangsu displays that Land of Education,which was created by the scholars and natives of the past,is that of China's advanced education.The development of Land of Education may be considered as local educational and cultural activities in practicing educational philosophical thought of "coexisting while keeping difference".The features of Land of Education are an organic part of socialist education with Chinese characteristics.Land of Education and its research embody all-round and multilevel cognitive value,native and national,historical and realistic,philosophical and cultural,theoretical and practical.


Taking PEO/PS polymer blends doped with lithium salt as example, we study the effects of cross-linking of the EO segments by the Li+ ions on the phase behavior. Combining the Flory–Huggins theory with a statistical model accounting for the combinatorics in forming the cross-links and accounting for the charge neutrality due to the presence of anions, we find an entropic driving force that favors phase separation when the number of EO segments coordinating an Li+ ion exceeds 2. As a result of the asymmetric interaction between the ions and the two polymers, the phase diagram in the polymer composition becomes asymmetric upon addition of the lithium salts. In addition, we examine the effects of preferential solvation energy of the ions which has been shown previously to lead to an increase in the effective χ parameter between the two polymers. We find that the magnitudes of these two driving forces are comparable, but their effects are nonadditive.


A study was conducted to investigate multiple intelligences of elementary school students. A sample of total 635 students was taken in which elementary classes were included. Teele inventory of multiple intelligences was applied and profiles of multiple intelligences were generated. The profile indicated that students display variety of intelligences. When multiple intelligences were compared on the basis of gender it was found that girls scored higher than the boys in linguistic, spatial, musical and interpersonal intelligence while boys scored higher than the girls in logical mathematical and bodily kinesthetic intelligence. In case of intrapersonal intelligence both boys and girls showed almost similar mean scores.


Prepositional phenomena looks seemingly like inversion. Inversion occurs between subject and predicate while prepositions are other members. It is necessary to distinguish the difference between them so as not to get into the confusion in teaching.


The paper presents a novel strategy aimed at modeling instruction energy consumption of 32-bit microprocessors. Different from former approaches, the proposed instruction-level power model is founded on a functional decomposition of the activities accomplished by a generic microprocessor. The proposed model has significant generalization capabilities. It allows estimation of the power figures of the entire instruction-set starting from the analysis of a subset, as well as to power characterize new processors by using the model obtained by considering other microprocessors. The model is formally presented and justified and its actual application over five commercial microprocessors is included. This static characterization is the basic information for system-level power modeling of hardware/software architectures.


A wafer level chip size package and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to reduce parasitic capacitance between a rerouting layer and a metal line by using an insulating member trapped with the air. A wafer level chip size package includes a wafer(100) with a plurality of bonding pads(105), an insulating member for opening the bonding pads on the wafer, a rerouting line(140) for contacting the bonding pads on the insulating member and external connection terminals(150) electrically connected with a portion of the rerouting layer. A plurality of space portions are formed in a predetermined portion of the insulating member, wherein the predetermined portion of the insulating member is overlapped with the rerouting layer. The space portion is trapped with the air.


This work presents a new mixed (2, p -like)-norm penalized least mean squares (LMS) algorithm for block-sparse system identifications where the nonzero coefficients in the impulse response vector of unknown systems are structured in a single cluster or multiple clusters. The new algorithm divides the tap-weight vector into groups of equal-sized sub-vectors and then introduces a mixed l 2 , p -like -norm constraint on the filter tap-weight vector in addition to the original mean-square-error cost function. The parameter p in the l 2 , p -like -norm constraint takes any value between zero and two, thus improving the identification performance of the block-This sparse systems. The effect of the parameter p and the group size on the performance of the proposed algorithm is studied, and general guidelines for choosing these two parameters are provided to facilitate practical use. The advantage of the proposed scheme is that no comparison operations are required while algebraic operations are of the same order as the block-sparse LMS algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the proposed ( 2 , p -like ) -norm penalized LMS algorithm outperforms the existing l 2 , 0 - and l 2 , 1 -norm-based block-sparsity-aware algorithms and single-norm penalized LMS strategies.


Purpose: To study the effect and function mechanism of Tonifying Kidney and Spleen, Detoxification of Throat method on IgA nephropathy. Methods: the 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Lotensin group, Tonifying kidney and spleen, detoxification of throat high, medium and low dose group (which is called traditional Chinese medicine high, medium and low dose group for short). The IgA nephropathy rat model were established by the method of feeding with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and injecting tail vein with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).After Eight weeks administration, each phase's urine red blood cell count, 24h UTP, TNF-α and IL-6 content were observed. Results: compared with model group, every groups' UTP decreased and TCM medium dose group decreased extraordinary (P 0.05); compared with blank group, TNF-α,IL-6 of model group's were significantly elevated (P<0.05);compared with model group, TNF-α,IL-6 of treatment groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),compared between TCM group, TCM m edium dose group's data is the most significant(P<0.01).Conclusion: Tonifying kidney and spleen, detoxification of throat method can reduce hematuria and proteinuria of IgA nephropathy model rats, and reduce the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum which is better than Lotensin.


According to the current scorecard of Chinese commercial bank, this paper presents a credit scoring method via (principal) component analysis linear-weighted comprehensive assessment(PCALWCA) to the Chinese commercial bank in (credit) card risk management. The merits of this method includes that it have an objective weights of original indexes and can easily adapt to the different economic cultural environments in different regions and the population drift in same (region) which cause the disparity of credit scoring. The demonstration examination shows that the model fits with the (practice) of credit card risk management and the test result shows the model have an application foreground. The contrast (research) indicates that this method has better results than that of bank's current scoring method.


Abstract: In this chapter, we endeavour to predict the trends in predictive microbiology that are going to shape its development as a multidisciplinary field. We integrate the most commonly used, population and single-cell models of bacterial kinetics into a top-down framework. We predict that modellers will need to face various complexities induced by interactions at different levels: between food and microorganism, between cells and species and between molecular elements at the intracellular level. Hence, advances in the area of complex systems (e.g. network science, systems biology and stochastic modelling) will have a significant effect on the future development of predictive microbiology.


There is evidence to suggest, that cellular adhesion molecules and receptors could play a role in leukemia, e.g., through altered adhesive qualities of leukemic blasts. We have studied the expression of the β2‐integrin Mac‐1 (CD11b) on mononuclear cells in 48 patients with AML at first diagnosis by flow cytometry using a direct fluorescein‐conjugated antibody. A case was defined as positive if more than 20% of the cells expressed Mac‐1. Within the FAB types, we observed a high expression rate in cases with M5 (100% MAC‐1+ cases, 73% MAC‐1+ cells), M4 (75% MAC‐1+ cases, 48% MAC‐1+ cells) and in cases with FAB‐M1 with 71% MAC‐1+ cases and 29% MAC‐1+ cells. Separating our patients' cohort in cytogenetic risk groups, we could detect significant higher proportions of MAC‐1+, cases (88% vs. 27%, P = 0.005) and cells (51% vs. 16%, P = 0.015) with poor cytogenetic risk compared to the favorable risk group. For clinical evaluations only patients treated according to the protocols of the German AML Cooperative Group (AML‐CG) were included (n = 29, cases with AML‐M3 were excluded). More MAC‐1+ cases and cells were found in the "non‐responders" group (n = 8) compared to the "responders" group (n = 24). We can conclude that AML cases with high MAC‐1 expression are characterized by a worse prognosis. Evaluation of MAC‐1 expression in AML might therefore contribute clinically important data with respect to develop new therapies that influence the interactions between integrins like MAC‐1 on leukemic cells and endothelial or immunoreactive cells. Am. J. Hematol. 81:227–235, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study examines whether CFO promotion-based incentives induce opportunistic reporting activities. We find that CFO promotion-based incentives, measured by the pay gap between the CEO and the CFO, are positively associated with accruals management and accounting misconduct in the pre-SOX period and the probability of meeting or beating analysts' forecasts in both the preand post-SOX periods. Further analysis shows that CFO promotion-based incentives are negatively associated with real earnings management in both the preand post-SOX periods. In addition, we find some evidence that the association between CFO promotion-based incentives and opportunistic reporting activities is stronger before CEO turnovers. We also document that CFOs engage in more opportunistic financial reporting when the pay gap between the CFO and other VPs is greater. Overall, our findings suggest that CFO promotion-based incentives may encourage CFOs to engage in opportunistic reporting activities but mitigate real earnings management.


. ABSTRACT This study examines the contextual variation in a number of indices of aspiration that appear in the literature in order to determine whether the variation in these indices can be accounted by phonological rules based on syllable structure. Results suggest that effects of both stress and word structure, rather than syllable-based category changing rules, best describe the contextual variation in the indices.


Admittance measurements of Cu (In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells typically show at least one capacitance step, the so‐called N1 signal. Its origin is still under debate, even though the signal is present in almost all CIGSe solar cells. In this work, CIGSe solar cells with different absorber layer thicknesses have been prepared on Mo and on indium tin oxide (ITO)‐based back contacts. The samples were analyzed by temperature‐dependent current–voltage (JV) and admittance measurements. No N1 signal was found for ITO‐based samples. The N1 signal was also absent in Mo‐based solar cells with an ultrathin absorber layer, unless a forward bias voltage was applied. The observations can be consistently explained by a back contact barrier, which is only present in the Mo‐based solar cells. The explanation is further supported by measured JV curves and by theoretical simulations. The results give a strong indication that the N1‐signal is due to a back contact barrier. While a back contact barrier is not necessarily detrimental for regular CIGSe solar cells, it may be an issue for CIGSe solar cells with ultrathin absorbers, where a so‐called punch‐through effect can occur.


Uniformity impact of metal and via on upstream Electromigration (EM) was investigated in Cu interconnect based on 40nm technology node. It is found that EM time-to-failure (TTF) log-normal main distribution can be improved by better metal uniformity. It is also observed that EM performance can be greatly enhanced by improving via and metal uniformity with NFC pull back recipe.


The article focuses on the evolution of gender recognition in Italian law, which seems now to having abandoned the requirement of surgical reassignment, to rely more (but not entirely) on self-identification. The resulting discipline still requires psychiatric and hormonal treatments and is ambiguous about the need for transformation of secondary sexual characteristics. Nevertheless, this «partially medicalized» model is still worrisome, for it threatens some essential human rights, such as autonomy, health, freedom from inhuman and cruel treatments, and equality. The Authors, relying on comparative material, propose a new model e for gender classification, which, still framed in the gender binary, is totally de-medicalized and confers central weight to self-identification.


Volume 2 contains the Technical Report of the approach and results of the Phase 2 study. The phase 2 servicing study was initiated in June 1983, and is being reported in this document. The scope of the contract was to: (1) define in detail five selected technology development missions (TDM); (2) conduct a design requirement analysis to refine definitions of satellite servicing requirements at the space station; and (3) develop a technology plan that would identify and schedule prerequisite precursor technology development, associated. STS flight experiments and space station experiments needed to provide onorbit validation of the evolving technology.


Lamar Bertucci pleaded guilty to killing a bald eagle and a rough-legged hawk. The trial court ordered him imprisoned for eight months, to pay $6,500 in restitution, and to undergo anger-management counseling as a condition of his supervised release. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in United States v. Bertucci threw out all three orders. It concluded that the term of imprisonment was the product of the Sentencing Guideline miscalculation; that the lower court had no authority to order restitution; and that the record did not support the counseling requirement.


This letter develops a self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) structure Metglas/Terfenol-D/Be-bronze/PMN-PT (MTBP) consisting of a magnetization-graded Metglas/Terfenol-D layer, a elastic Be-bronze plate, and a piezoelectric 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) plate. By using the magnetization-graded Metglas/Terfenol-D layer and the elastic Be-bronze plate, multi-peak self-biased ME responses are obtained in MTBP structure. The experimental results show that the MTBP structure with two layers of Metglas foil has maximum zero-biased ME voltage coefficient (MEVC). As frequency increases from 0.5 to 90 kHz, eleven large peaks of MEVC with magnitudes of 0.75-33 V/(cm Oe) are observed at zero-biased magnetic field. The results demonstrate that the proposed multi-peak self-biased ME structure may be useful for multifunctional devices such as multi-frequency energy harvesters or low-frequency ac magnetic field sensors.


Two noted American geographers examine transition in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (a de facto Soviet protectorate in the 1930s and early 1940s) within the context of that region's strategic position. The paper, based on field work exploring urbanization in the People's Republic of China, investigates the area's role as a bridgehead and corridor for emerging economic relations between China and the neighboring republics of Central Asia. The focus is on the demographic dimensions of urban growth and the underlying geopolitical and economic factors. Considerable attention also is given to the implications of increased trade and improvements in transportation links with the newly independent Central Asian states. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F14, F15, O15, O18. 4 figures, 6 tables, 51 references.


A method for selective leak testing of sewer pipes (1) comprises the following method steps: First, the leak tester (5) is positioned at the point to be tested in the sewer pipe (1) and the sealing elements (6) of the leak tester sealingly against the inside of the sewer pipe (1 ) and form between them a test chamber (7), the circumference or wall side is limited by the inner wall of the channel tube (1), and it is known compressed air injected into the test chamber (7), and with at least one in the test chamber (7 ) arranged gas pressure sensor (9) is checked after the injection of compressed air, whether for a longer period of time there blown in the compressed air in the test room is maintained. 1. The test chamber (7) is partially filled with a water filling (13), 2. the filling level of the water filling (13) is detected and evaluated in the test room (7), 3. the test chamber is filled with a compressible gas 4. the pressure in the air-filled area of the test chamber (7) is detected and evaluated, 5. the results and time courses of the detection of the filling level of the water filling (13) are set in relation to the pressure in the air-filled area of the test chamber (7). It can thus be decided whether there is a leak above or below the water filling in the sewer pipe.


The caption for the illustration accompanying the 17 May Perspective "Stratospheric control of climate" by Alan Roback (p. 972) should have begun, "Surface air temperature anomalies over North America for December 1982 through February 1983."


Using the Information asymmetry theory, this article analyzes the book market of China,and thinks that the information asymmetry is an important factor influencing Chinese book market development,and then proposes that the publishing houses should establish the machanism which can reduce the information asymmetry and make them more competitive.


Modern search engines display a summary for each ranked document that is returned in response to a query. These summaries typically include a snippet -- a collection of text fragments from the underlying document -- that has some relation to the query that is being answered.
 In this study we investigate how 10 humans construct snippets: participants first generate their own natural language snippet, and then separately extract a snippet by choosing text fragments, for four queries related to two documents. By mapping their generated snippets back to text fragments in the source document using eye tracking data, we observe that participants extract these same pieces of text around 73% of the time when creating their extractive snippets.
 In comparison, we notice that automated approaches for extracting snippets only use these same fragments 10% of the time. However, when the automated methods are evaluated using a position-independent bag-of-words approach, as typically used in the research literature for evaluating snippets, they are scored much more highly, seemingly extracting the "correct" text 24% of the time.
 In addition to demonstrating this large scope for improvement in snippet generation algorithms with our novel methodology, we also offer a series of observations on the behaviour of participants as they constructed their snippets.


Equivalent capacitances of thyristors of thyristor switch in the controlled metal oxide arrester (CMOA),CT,changes with voltage,UT. When the voltage distribution of CMOA is calculated,such characteristic should be fully considered. Combining field-circuit combination method and variation rule of CT with UT,a calculation program was put forward. Firstly,electromagnetic-field numerical calculation models of controlled component,fixed component and resistance of thyristor were established and an equivalent capacitance network was set up. Then the relation between CT and UT,was solved by test and curve fitting. Secondly,an equivalent circuit of CMOA was founded,the relation between CT and UT was substituted to the circuit,then the function between the electrode voltage,UFi,and the CMOA voltage,Us could be calculated by iterations. Finally,the function between UFi and Us was substituted to the electromagnetic-field numerical calculation model,the variation rule of voltage distribution with Us was solved. The calculation program was verified by tests. Results indicated that it is effective to calculate the voltage distribution of CMOA.


Nadifloxacin (OPC-7251) is a new antimicrobial agent belonging to the quinolone group and developed exclusively for topical administration. This fluoroquinolone is a racemic compound and has a benzo-(ij)-quinolizine skeleton with fluorine at the ninth position and N-hydroxypiperizine at the eighth position. Nadifloxacin acts by inhibiting the formation of supercoiled DNA by DNA gyrase. It was the first quinolone antimicrobial for topical dermatological use. In preliminary studies, nadifloxacin has demonstrated activity against a broad range of Gram-positive (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, including anaerobices (Propionibacterium acnes), as well as activity in vivo. Nadifloxacin has been evaluated in clinical studies and its efficacy in treating acne vulgaris and a variety of bacterial skin infections has been demonstrated.


The trade ties between Italy and Eritrea is important for both countries. This paper analyzes the extents and characteristics of regional trade relationship between Eritrea and Italy. Attention is given to the regions and products where there is high potential for export and import. Other socioeconomic opportunities, which may give rise to the trade link between the two countries, are also mentioned briefly. The main aim is Eritrea a former Italian colony can be a springboard for Italy to expand its commercial activities to other Italian colony in the horn of Africa. It can be an opener of the market in Italy with all Italian and non-Italian colonies in the horn of Africa.


Past climatic changes influenced the patterns of biodiversity distribution. Research is lacking for remote parts of the world, such as West Africa, where current biodiversity patterns are likely to have been influenced by oscillations between wet and dry climatic periods. In the region, the Sahara desert acts as a barrier to species not adapted to arid conditions, but in the past many corridors are thought to have existed during wet periods. Some may even have persisted through time, as the Atlantic Sahara. This study used four species of the genus Tarentola (T. annularis, T. chazaliae, T. hoggarensis and T. parvicarinata), and a combination of ecological niche-based models and phylogeographic analyses to infer the climatic stability of the region. A total of 140 samples were sequenced for a 12S fragment of 388bp. ENMs were constructed using Maxent. The genetic results show concordance with the morphological species identification, and a high level of geographic substructuration in T. hoggarensis and T. parvicarinata. Tarentola annularis shows no signs of differentiation throughout most of its range, while T. chazaliae has genetic diversity but it is not geographically structured. ENMs reveal stable areas for all species in more coastal regions with the exception of T. parvicarinata, which had stable areas in the Mauritanian mountains. For T. chazaliae the stable area identified is a small coastal patch in the border between Morocco and Western Sahara. Despite not being completely concordant, genetic and ecological results complement each other and provide a more complete visualization of evolutionary processes in the Sahara-Sahel.


The ASTIS (Autologous Stem cell Transplantation International Scleroderma) trial was launched in 2001 under the auspices of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) to compare safety and efficacy of high dose immunosuppressive treatment (HDIT) and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with 12×monthly treatments with intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2). The trial builds upon the results from previous pilot studies conducted in various European centres, which demonstrated the feasibility and potential long term benefits of HDIT + HSCT in patients with severe rheumatic autoimmune diseases, including progressive systemic sclerosis. To combine safety and efficacy, a medium …


ABSTRACT This article argues that in order to encourage English graduates to expand their horizons, educators should diversify the range of assessments and offer greater opportunities for public engagement. Through a detailed analysis of the final-year elective, Literature & Medicine, the authors explore the ways in which the design and implementation of innovative assessment methods – concept mapping, graphic medicine, and creative projects – can result in diverse and vibrant work that demonstrates our students' ability to contribute in a meaningful way to societal issues. We then show the ways in which collaboration with external partners such as hospitals, charities, and arts organisations can establish a sustainable public-engagement agenda and develop further opportunities for both research and teaching. Crucially, the assessment methods and pathways to public engagement are not limited to a particular discipline and can be adopted in a variety of international contexts.


Public transport plays a major role in economic growth of a country. Nowadays public transport become less attractive and neglected by all people due to issues like noticeable time delay of bus and not having proper knowledge about bus timing. Bus transportation should be monitored and notified in all bus stops. It will be a mandatory process to track station of the bus and monitor. Monitoring the bus system will give information about over speed control and bus breakdown. By integrating RFID with GSM module, one can able to track the bus where bus contains RFID tag and with certain distance RFID reader with GSM is fixed whenever RFID tag is read by the RFID reader, the details of the bus will be displayed and recoded voice of the details will be announced in the bus stops so that people who cannot able to read and passengers on the bus stop will be aided by this system.


Tea is one of Agriculture and Plantation business sector commodity that become one of Indonesia's main export commodity and give contribution to Indonesia Gross Domestic Product until 12,72% at 2019. The aim of this study is to know the influence of the Amount of Tea Production and Exchange Rate toward Volume of Indonesian Tea Exports in period 2015-2019. The data used in this research is quantitative data. This study uses secondary data which obtained by collectiong data from some sources which relevant to this study such as Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Bank Indonesia, Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Food and Agriculture Organization, and others. Regarding the data period, the data in this study use monthly data of Tea Production, Exchange Rate and Volume of Indonesian Tea Exports in period 2015-2019 with total 60 data in months. The study explored with multiple linier regression statistical analysis along with descriptive analysis and classical assumption test namely normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, and linierity test. The F-test stated that total production and exchange rate have significant influence simultaneously. Based on the t-Test result, it is found that total production has insignificant influence toward volume export of Indonesian tea partially. While exchange rate has partial significant negative influence toward volume export of Indonesian tea.


Abstract: The present study establishes the following research problem: Can different concentrations of Acadian®, Stimulate®, and Trichoderma spp. be effective in promoting the emergence and vigor of Hymenaea courbaril seedlings with or without mechanical scarification? The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to four concentrations (0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mL.L-1), three hormones (Acadian®, Stimulate® and Trichoderma spp.), with and without mechanical scarification, with four replicates, each of which consisting of 25 seeds. Acadian® at a concentration of 5.0 mL.L-1 in scarified seeds of H. courbaril leads to a greater increase in the percentage of emergence and percentage of normal seedlings. Stimulate® at concentrations of 10.0 and 15.0 mL.L-1 is efficient in obtaining more than 85% emergence seedlings with seeds subjected to mechanical scarification. Trichoderma spp. from 9.0 mL.L-1 does not favor gains in the percentage of normal seedlings of Hymenaea courbaril grown from seeds with and without mechanical scarification. The dose of maximum technical efficiency (DMTE) of the bioregulator Acadian® is 8.50 mL.L-1 and, in scarified seeds of H. courbaril, it increases the percentage of seedling emergence.


Abstract. During employment interviews, candidates often use impression management tactics to influence how they are perceived by the interviewer. Previous research suggests that certain impression management tactics, specifically self-promotion, may work more successfully for men than for women, which is problematic as it can result in hiring discrimination against women. In this registered report, we used an experimental design ( N = 831) to examine gender differences in the success of self-promotion tactics and whether using a structured rating process can mitigate this effect. However, our results did not replicate the pattern of effects found in previous studies; the interaction of gender and self-promotion was not significant. These findings support previous research, which found that structured interviews are resistant to gender bias.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for bending a plurality of sheets is provided to reliably bend a thick paper even if pressure between rollers is lowered by adjusting an interval between paper bending rollers. CONSTITUTION: A pair of paper bending rollers(20) are installed at a predetermined position in a paper feeding section. The paper bending rollers(20) are formed at outer peripheral portion thereof with gaps, which are different from each other. A rotational force supplying device(50) is provided to apply rotational force to the paper bending rollers(20). A position detecting device is provided to detect the paper bending rollers(20) such that an interval between the paper bending rollers(20) is adjustable according to number of papers fed from the paper feeding section. A paper guiding device allows papers to be introduced between the paper bending rollers(20). A driving device is provided to introduce the paper guiding device between the paper bending rollers(20).


This work aimed to evaluate, in the Amazon Forest environment, the effect of time on contamination of Brazil nuts with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxins after falling of the pods. Samples were collected at three different times and analysed for water activity, potentially aflatoxigenic fungi A. flavus and A. parasiticus, other fungi and aflatoxins. The mean values for the parameters tested were: water activity 0.98; A. flavus and A. parasiticus 1.3×101 colony forming units (cfu)/g; other fungi 3.2×103 cfu/g; aflatoxin B1 0.073 μg/kg, aflatoxin B2 0.009 μg/kg, aflatoxin G1 0.034 μg/kg and aflatoxin G2 0.007 μg/kg. The incidence of A. flavus and A. parasiticus was not significantly affected by the time, during which the pods were on the forest soil. Moreover, aflatoxins levels were low during the whole study period, suggesting that adverse forest conditions were not the main factor that stimulate the production of aflatoxins.


We propose a new iterative algorithm for finding a minimum point of f_*:X \subset \mathbb{R}^d \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, when f_* is known to be convex, but only noisy observations of f_*(\textbf{x}) are available at  \textbf{x} \in X for a finite set X. At each iteration of the proposed algorithm, we estimate the probability of each point \textbf{x} \in X being a minimum point of f_* using the fact that f_* is convex, and sample r points from X according  to these probabilities. We then make observations at the sampled points and use these observations to update the probability of each point \textbf{x} \in X  being a minimum point of f_*. Therefore, the proposed algorithm not only estimates the minimum point of f_* but also provides the probability of each point in X being a minimum point of f_*. Numerical results indicate the proposed algorithm converges to a minimum point of f_* as the number of iterations increases and shows fast convergence, especially in the early stage of the iterations.


After stating the author's ontic position, a collage of relevant thoughts of some distinguished foundationally-minded physicists are quoted and polemically commented upon. Thus, a kind of historical background of the recent ontic breakthrough is given. The brealthrough itself is presented in Part II.


The present study demonstrates deposition of porous SiO2 thin films using combination of sol-gel, soft-templating and spin-coating methods. The recipe for Si-sol using TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate) as a precursor was optimized in order transparent and stable sol to be obtained. Commercially available triblock co-polymer Pluronic 123 was considered as a soft template and its concentration and volume fraction to sol were varied. For achieving the final composition of silica films, different stepwise annealing regimes were implemented where the temperatures and duration of each step were optimized. Optical properties of films were calculated using nonlinear curve fitting of measured reflectance spectra in UV-VIS spectral range. Surface morphology and structure of the films were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The porosity and optical sensing ability of the films were tested by measurement of their reflectance spectra prior to and during exposure to acetone vapors which served as probe molecules. The influence of soft template composition and annealing regimes on SiO2 properties were revealed and application of studied films as sensitive media for opto-chemical sensing was discussed.


This paper reported that the peak intensity values of spectra are in direct ratio with corresponding species' concentration values.Major plasma-kinetic processes and concentration varieties of major species with varied flow conditions and discharge forms were researched.Slab RF discharges with gas flow are possible in two greatly different forms that are α discharge and γ discharge.A discharge gives higher O2(1Δ)production for fewer quenching particles.Lower specific field intensity values which are helpful for the O2(1Δ)production can be achieved by adding helium.The peak O2(1Δ)concentration with oxygen and helium mixture gas flow is more than 2 times as high as pure oxygen discharge.O2(1Δ)loss in afterglow region is lower than 5% in 0.03 s,while stable O2(1Δ)concentration is helpful for lasing.Electrode gap is optimized with 14.5 mm in the singlet delta oxygen production system.Both bigger gaps and smaller gaps go against the production of singlet delta oxygen.


By Gelfand-Neumark duality, the category C∗Alg of commutative C∗algebras is dually equivalent to the category of compact Hausdorff spaces, which by Stone duality, is also dually equivalent to the category uba` of uniformly complete bounded Archimedean `-algebras. Consequently, C∗Alg is equivalent to uba`, and this equivalence can be described through complexification. In this article we study uba` within the larger category ba` of bounded Archimedean `-algebras. We show that uba` is the smallest nontrivial reflective subcategory of ba`, and that uba` consists of exactly those objects in ba` that are epicomplete, a fact that includes a categorical formulation of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem for ba`. It follows that uba` is the unique nontrivial reflective epicomplete subcategory of ba`. We also show that each nontrivial reflective subcategory of ba` is both monoreflective and epireflective, and exhibit two other interesting reflective subcategories of ba` involving Gelfand rings and square closed rings. Dually, we show that Specker R-algebras are precisely the co-epicomplete objects in ba`. We prove that the category spec of Specker R-algebras is a mono-coreflective subcategory of ba` that is co-epireflective in a mono-coreflective subcategory of ba` consisting of what we term `-clean rings, a version of clean rings adapted to the ordertheoretic setting of ba`. We conclude the article by discussing the import of our results in the setting of complex ∗-algebras through complexification.


A low-temperature multifrequency electron spin resonance (ESR) study has been carried out on Cz-(110)Si/insulator structures with organosilicate films of low dielectric constant κ grown at 300 °C using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD). After subjection to a short-term UV-irradiation-assisted thermal curing treatment at 430 °C to remove the organic component from the low-κ film and obtain optimal porosity, the NL8 ESR spectrum of C2v symmetry is observed, characterized by g1 (//[100] = 1.999 83(8), g2(//[011] = 1.992 74(8), g3 = (//[ 1 1 ¯ 0 ?> ]) = 2.001 15(8). Based on previous insight, this reveals the generation in the c-Si substrate of singly ionized thermal double donor (TDD) defects with a core containing oxygen atoms. Remarkably, the generation is found to be highly nonuniform, and the defect density depth profile shows an exponential-like decay (decay length ∼3.8 μm) from the oxide/Si interface inward the Si substrate, thus exposing the defect formation as an interface-administered effect. Upon analysis, the strain induced by interfacial stress in the c-Si beneath the interface is suggested as the major driving component in the enhancement of TDD formation during thermal treatment, suggesting that substantial stress is involved with PECVD organosilicate low-κ glasses. The result represents a different and affirmative illustration of the influence of strain on TDD formation. Based on the principal g values, the observed TDD is closest to the NL81 type, the one formed first in bulk c-Si through oxygen agglomeration during short-term thermal treatment.


This work has the main objective to present and understand a new personnel selection
technique called Escape Room and how it can be used to improve the selection process.
The importance of the human factor in the process of transition of the organizations was
presented through the bibliographic research so that they remain competitive; the main
concepts of people selection, their most usual techniques and their limitations.
Subsequently, the Escape Room was presented, as well as the experiences of companies
that used this tool in their selective processes. Finally, a qualitative field survey was
conducted with interviews with owners / managers of Escape Room companies, in order
to understand the unique characteristics of escape games that contribute to the
improvement of HR Management. Given the analysis of the results, it was possible to
verify that the technique works in a way that favors the improvement of the recruitment
of talents and consequently of HR Management. Presenting positive characteristics for
the use of organizations in selective processes.


The net value of farm production is expected to decline by nearly 12 per cent in 2005-06 as the gross value of production for livestock is forecast to fall by 3 per cent, to $17.6 billion dollars and farm costs, particularly fuel, remain high. The value of farm exports is forecast to increase to $28.2 billion in 2005-06, supported by higher export earning from both crops and livestock. Reflecting higher grain prices and increased production, the gross value of crop production is forecast to increase by 2 per cent to around $17.7 billion. Herd and flock rebuilding will continue over the short term, encouraged by better seasonal conditions in many areas.


We present the results of six-epoch Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 3C 66A. The high-resolution Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) maps obtained at multi-frequency (2.3, 8.4, and 22.2 GHz) simultaneously enabled us to identify the brightest compact component with the core. We find that the spectrum of the core can be reasonably fitted by the synchrotron self-absorption model. Our VLBA maps show that the jet of 3C 66A has two bendings at about 1.2 and 4 mas from the core. We also give possible identifications of our jet components with the components in previous VLBA observations by analysing their proper motions. We find consistent differences of the position from the core in one component between different frequencies at six epochs.


Objective To investigate the effect of abstracted formula granule of siwu drugs on hematogenesis function in bone marrow depression mice and to explore its mechanism of hematopoietic regulation.Methods 50 mice were divided into 5 groups randomly: a normal group,a control group and 3 dose groups.The effect of the formula granule on the cell cycle of BMCs in bone marrow depression mice was explored by flowcytometry(FCM),and the influence of the Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA expression were determined by in situ hybridization.Results It was found that all dose groups could obviously promote G0/G1-S phase and S-G2/M phase transition and increase the proliferation indexes.It could also increase the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and decrease the expression of Bax mRNA.Conclusion The results suggested that formula granule of Siwu drugs may promote the bone marrow cell cycle transition,inhibit apoptosis and recover the hematopoietic function in bone marrow depression mice.


Nationally, COVID-19 notifications remained at low levels this fortnight. The daily average number of cases for this reporting period was nine, which was similar to last fortnight's average. There were 123 cases of COVID-19 and no deaths this fortnight, bringing the cumulative case count to 27,892 and 907 deaths. Hospitalisations for COVID-19 dropped further in the past two fortnights: there were just two cases admitted to FluCAN participating hospitals and there were no admissions to ICU in SPRINT-SARI sites during this four-week period. New South Wales reported the highest proportion of cases this fortnight (46%; 56/123), all of which were overseas acquired. Locally-acquired cases accounted for 15% (19/123) of all cases reported this fortnight all of which were attributed to a cluster of cases in South Australia. At the end of this reporting period, it had been 24 days since there was a locally-acquired case of unknown source. Testing rates increased to 12.0 tests per 1,000 population per week during this reporting period, driven by a significant increasing in testing in South Australia. The overall positivity rate for the reporting period was 0.03%, will all jurisdictions reporting a positivity rate ≤ 0.10%.


Network topologies in distributed and mobile systems can be naturally described using graph-based models. Specifying configurations of such systems is realized by assigning nodes modeling entities in the network to logical locations in the graph. The operational semantics of such models can be formally described using graph transformation systems by modeling the interactive behavior of the entities in the network with rewrite rules. As an example, we model here the movement of autonomous railway shuttles along tracks and the creation of temporary convoys between shuttles. As a standard approach in formal methods, model checking facilitates the analysis of the dynamics modeled by graph transformation systems. However, in many settings such as in mobile and distributed systems, the model checking yields useful results only if it allows to reason about individual entities, e.g. specific railway shuttles, and their interactive behavior during the execution. Since the existing tools lack support for reasoning about individual entities, we introduce an approach and a toolchain for instance-aware model checking of graph transformation systems. We use HENSHIN as a modeling language and state space generation tool and MCRL2 as model checking back-end.


This thesis describes an experiment involving guinea pigs' blood and the changes that occurred in the serum with the injection of an antigen. The serum was analyzed in complement titration tests.


as examples of flawed science (see pages 135 and 144). They provide impressive evidence that some children have increased injury susceptibility. Indeed, there are other more recent examples from the UK of such 'accident repeaters' in both the Oxford Record Linkage Study' and from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study.2 I am going to assume that we can discount type of caregiver, behaviour, or style as an explanation for injury susceptibility. Thus, we


T he purpose of this paper is to define and study the concepts of political science in the context of mathematics. Some topics about various political voting systems have been proved using mathematics. Also limitations of these voting systems have been highlighted. First I have introduced so called Yes-No voting system. Real world examples of Yes-No voting system have been given In particular. I define swap robust and weighted voting systems. I prove that every weighted voting system is swap robust but converse is not true.  I see that some real world voting systems are not weighted. The concept of trade robust voting system is defined and it is proved that Voting system is trade robust if it is weighted. The concepts of equally desirable and more desirable elements in a Yes-No voting system have been defined and illustrated.


The appearance of sideroblasts was investigated before and after cancer chemotherapies which were carried out 65 times in 53 patients with malignant neoplasms. After treatment, 34 cases showed marked sideroblastosis with a shift to the right in their sideroblastograms ("shifted group"). The other 31 cases showed no sideroblastosis without a shift in their sideroblastograms ("non-shifted group"). The hematological data from these two groups were then studied. After chemotherapy, the shifted group showed significant decreases in erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte counts and nucleated cell counts and a significant increase in erythroid/myeloid ratio, whereas the non-shifted group showed no significant changes. Furthermore, the incidences of serious anemia, leukopenia, decrease in nucleated cell counts and remarkable elevation in serum iron level were significantly higher in the shifted group than in the non-shifted group. These findings suggest that marked sideroblastosis is a useful indicator in the evaluation of impaired hematopoiesis due to cancer chemotherapy.


A novel 1-of-2 MUX is designed using resonant tunneling diode(RTD) and RTD/ HEMT.A D flip-latch circuit is also designed focusing on the MUX.The simulation results prove the correction of these circuits.It offers a simple and effective way to design flip-flop circuits based on resonant tunneling devices,and all these circuits are characterized of the low power,high speed virtues due to the quantum devices.


The derivation of tight estimation lower bounds is a key player to design and assess the performance of new estimators. In this contribution, we derive a new compact Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for the conditional signal model, where the deterministic parameter's vector includes a real positive amplitude and the signal phase. Then, such CRB is particularized to the delay, Doppler, phase and amplitude estimation with band-limited (narrowband) signals, where transmitter and receiver are in relative uniform radial movement. The latter expression is especially easy to use because it only depends on the signal samples. We provide illustrative results for a representative Global Navigation Satellite System positioning example.


Summary A consistent lag of about 16% (quotient of total mean into D mean, Table III) in the growth rate of Nitzschia bilobata in the dilute heavy water is unmistakably apparent from a survey and mathematical analysis of the data in Table I. The data in Table II show a trend of the opposite character, particularly in the earlier times, but are not sufficiently numerous for a conclusive interpretation. Any effects must, therefore, be very slight. That heavy water may be without detected physiological effects, or may exert influences of either a stimulative or retarding character is certain, but the situation is somewhat analogous to that of the hydrogen ion concentration in that the nature and extent of observed influences depend upon the organism or other biochemical system under investigation, the concentration of heavy isotope, and probably a host of other physical and chemical factors. Gratitude is expressed to the members of the 1934-35 Committee on Grants-in-Aid of the National Research Council, whose generosity toward the senior author's project made possible the acquisition of the heavy water. While the problem arose in the physiological laboratory where other research on heavy water was being carried on, the identification and cultural isolation of the diatoms were the work of E. E. Cupp, of the Phytoplankton section here; she also made the population counts. G. F. McEwen, of the section of Physical and Dynamic Oceanography, performed the mathematical analyses and wrote the discussion of their significance.


The shielding of several nuclei for molecules in magnetic fields was examined via B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,3pd) calculations using the MP2/6-31G* geometries. Both the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO)...


Controlled release of growth factors or drugs provides great therapeutic advantages for bone defects which do not heal with normal therapeutic treatments. We have accelerated the deposition of bone‐like mineral (BLM) on the surface of three‐dimensional (3D) poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous scaffolds to 36–48 h by modifying the biomimetic process parameters and applying surface treatments onto PLGA scaffolds. We used simulated body fluid containing insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1; 1 µg/ml) to mineralize the PLGA scaffolds for 48 h. IGF‐1 was co‐precipitated with mineral on the surface of the PLGA scaffolds. IGF‐1‐incorporated mineralized scaffolds demonstrated slow controlled release over a 30 day period when they were incubated in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) function on three different types of scaffolds, such as control (non‐mineralized) scaffolds, mineralized scaffolds, and IGF‐1‐incorporated mineralized scaffolds was also investigated. BMSC attachment and proliferation was enhanced for IGF‐1‐incorporated mineralized scaffolds compared with controls during the culture period. BMSC differentiation was not changed during the culture period among the three groups of scaffolds, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin assay. According to findings from this study, BLM has great potential to be used as a carrier for biological molecules for localized release applications as well as bone tissue‐engineering applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recent developments in the preparation of homoallyl-amines or (homo)propargylamines via three-component Grignard-Barbier-type reactions are reviewed. The multicomponent coupling strategy that allows quick access to these compounds is discussed. 1 Introduction 2 Homoallylamines 2.1 Preparation with Allylmetal Species Formed in situ 2.2 Preparation with Presynthesized Allylmetal Species 3 Homopropargylamine Synthesis from Prepared Imines Forming in situ Propargylmetal Species 4 Propargylamines 4.1 Preparation via Alkynylation of Imines 4.2 Preparation via Aldehyde-Alkyne-Amine (A 3 ) Coupling 5 Perspectives


The paper is devoted to gaseous detonation spraying and presents the state of current knowledge, as well as the following research and development needs: gaseous detonation as spraying heat source; operation cycle of detonation guns and its possible versions; operating frequency; impulse jet formation; basic detonation guns design concepts, as fuel and oxidant types, features of barrel design, predetonation distance control, valved and valveless detonation guns concepts, etc.; gas dynamic characteristics of detonation spraying.