Recent work in the field of human-computer interaction has highlighted the need for general and sophisticated speech recognition systems. Such systems require an initial analysis which adequately represents perceptually important features and a classification component that can cope with intraand inter-speaker variability. In this study, a prototype isolated word recogniser was constructed, with an auditory-based analysis component and a pattern classification module based on a parallel distributed processing paradigm [1]. The auditory model [2, 3] used was a BPNL configuration using 128 channels, incorporating both the effects of phase locking and lateral suppression. The features used are based on the energy and the temporal fine structure output from the auditory channels. Pattern classification was performed by a layered, feed-forward neural network [ 4], consisting of an array of input nodes representing the binary features output by the auditory model, a set of hidden nodes (in effect, the system's internal representation of the problem) and an array of output nodes representing the word to be recognised. A suitable internal representation was learned by the method of backpropagation of errors by gradient descent, using the generalised delta rule. This prototype recogniser was implemented on a MASSCOMP 5700, within the AUDLAB interactive speech and signal processing package [5]. The network was trained to recognise English digits spoken by male and fernale speakers and an evaluation of the mQdel in terms of speaker and time normalisation is presented. REFERENCES: 1. D.E. Rumelhart and J.L. McClelland (eds.), "Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations", (MIT, Garnbridge MA, 1986). 2. M.P. Cooke, "A cornputer rnodel of peripheral auditory processing incorporating phase-locking, suppression and adaptation effects", Speech Communication, 5(3) (1986). 3. A.M.P. Terry, "Suppression effects in hearing", PhD Thesis, (University of Reading, 1981). 4. D.E. Rumelhart, G.E. Hinton and R.J. Williams, "Learning representations by back-propagating errors", Nature, 323 (1986) pp533-536. 5. M. Terry, S. Hiller, J. Laver and G. Duncan, "The AUDLAB interactive speech analysis system", IEE Conference publication 258, (1986), pp263-265.


In the chamber tombs of Murgia Timone (Matera), a considerable amount of Middle Bronze Age 3 pottery came to light that largely fall within the typological panorama of the traditional Apennine facies. However, the study of these finds, through a comparative analysis, made it possible to highlight the presence of other specific pottery types, belonging to the so-called "Punta Le Terrare" facies, recently defined by G. Recchia and C. Ruggini. This paper discusses the material culture of the site of Murgia Timone and analyses how it relates to these two already defined facies.
One example is a drinking cup from tomb 2 of Murgia Timone with a handle characterized by a depression at the centre and lateral apexes. For this type, we can find very precise comparisons at Monopoli-Piazza Palmieri, Rissieddi, Le Pazze, Roca and Punta Le Terrare. In the same tomb some bowls with a very recessed rim were also found, two of which have some small vertical segments underneath the rim. This type, attested at Murgia Timone in four examples, is also present in Civita di Paterno (Potenza), but has also comparisons in Puglia, in the sites classified within the "facies of Punta Le Terrare": Rissieddi, Roca, Egnazia - level IV and at Punta Le Terrare.
A pot with a nozzle-handle, found into tombs 1 and 2, is significant for its similarity with artefacts from the upper layer of the Cardini Cave, Cave1 of Latronico and tombs 17 and 22 of the Podere Caravello necropolis. This vessel shape is mainly attested in central and south-western Italy during the Middle Bronze Age, but has been also found at Punta Le Terrare. These data show a distribution of types that does not always coincide with the areas where usually the facies is attested.
Murgia Timone is in a key geographical position between the diffusion area of the "facies Punta Le Terrare", from which it partially takes the pottery models, and the diffusion area of the Apennine facies in northern Puglia, Campania and Calabria. The pottery from Murgia Timone displays moreover numerous similarities with sites in the Tyrrhenian area (for example the Cardini Cave). This paper therefore focuses on a critical point related to the concept of facies: the definition of rigid boundaries does not apparently reflect the real distribution of pottery types, which often go beyond the canonical limits of defined facies. This observation points out that models widely circulate between different geographical and "cultural" areas.


The study of animal personality has important implications in conservation programs. When reintroduction is used for the preservation of a species, the survival ratio of reintroduced animals needs to be high. The determination of animal personality helps choosing the right animals, therefore increasing their survival chances and also increasing the reintroduction success. Three captive, male maned wolves were chosen for personality evaluation. Two personality tests were carried out and compared: The boldness score test estimated the level of boldness from a series of behaviors divided into bold, shy and fear categories; and questionnaires showed how zookeepers perceived the personality of the same three animals, while they were working with them. According to the boldness score calculation, Maned Wolf Two (MW2) was the boldest, followed, in order, by MW1 and MW3. According to the questionnaires, MW1 was the boldest, followed by MW2 and by MW3. Reasons for these contradictory results and variables that should be considered in both tests for increasing their accuracy are discussed. Used together, these tests showed to be helpful tools for choosing among individuals to be released in the wild.
Keywords: Maned wolf, personality tests, boldness score, questionnaires.


This article reports research investigating the ways individuals and families in New Zealand have adapted to and created economic and social change through holding multiple jobs since the beginning of a period of restructuring in the 1980s. Our research has been stimulated by the very significant increase in multiple job holding in New Zealand over the whole workforce, and more particularly in rural areas over the last 25 years. We show how a focus on multiple job holding can contribute to interpretations of changing rural economic and social relations associated with work and employment.


The long time behavior of solutions to the initial boundary value problem for a wave system associated with a memory condition at the boundary is investigated.The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the system are acquired by using the Faedo-Galerkin's approximation technique,and the uniformly decaying property of the solution is derived by employing the perturbed energy method.


The synthesis techniques of highly luminescent CdSe/ZnS core-shell composite nanocrystals are reported. The color-conversion, incorporating the photoluminescence emission of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals in blue λ=350 nm and green λ=520 nm on near UV-InGaN/GaN LED λ=365 nm, was studied. The generated white light resulting from color-mixing of the emitted wavelengths of  the core-shell composite and that of the near UV emission from the LED was analyzed depending upon the chromaticity coordinates. The X-ray diffraction pattern was used to study the CdSe/ZnS core-shell structure and the nanocrystal size formation. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the composite core-shell were investigated. The Gaussian fit was applied to the fluorescence spectrum of the CdSe/ZnS core-shell in order to determine the chromaticity coordinates of the output white light emitted on the chromaticity diagram.


The main properties of six new textile fibers,such as lyocell fiber,modal fiber,soybean protein fiber,bamboo fiber,milk protein fiber and chitin fiber are introduced and compared in this paper with the identification method of these six fibers tested,analyzed and described.The characters of these six fibers are compared with that of the traditional fibers that are easy to be confused,and an efficient method to identify them is put forward.


The long-term variability of PKS 0735+178 in B band is shown with some new data presented and discussed by means of Jurkevich's method. The results show with good possibility the presence of a period of 14.2 years. The period of 4.89 years found by Webb et al. (1988) and Smith et al. (1987) might be confirmed with more observations, and their period of 1.2 years can be ruled out.


Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) impact hazard has become of great concern among the space communities as our NEO detection capability has been drastically improved over the last decades and numerous NEOs discovered. As of today, our discovery efforts resulted in discovering over 90% of NEOs greater than one kilometer in diameter and none of them has imminent impact threats to the Earth in the foreseeable future. However, the majority of the NEOs with 100-meter diameter or smaller, including potentially hazardous objects, are yet to be discovered. These objects are more frequent impactors and can cause local-scale damage if they impact over a populated area on the Earth although they are statistically more likely to impact over the ocean. In any case, impact hazard warning is important but impossible if we cannot find them. Conventional discovery efforts on the smaller NEOs with telescopes are suffering the following issues. First of all, since these objects are very small, they have to be close enough to the Earth and bright enough to be detected by telescope. Even if they come across the field of view of a telescope at close approaches when their apparent magnitude increases, their images are so faint that they are often buried in noise. This is not only due to their size but also their line-of-sight change rates during the exposure time. Secondly, those who approach from the sun-direction cannot be detected with ground-based telescopes. These issues have driven the planetary defense community to develop new detection techniques and study new survey mission concepts. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is currently studying a new NEO detection mission concept consisting of a cluster of ground-based telescopes and a constellation of space-based telescopes in sun synchronous orbit (SSO). A state-of-art synthetic detection technique based on time delay integration is used to detect the small and fast-moving NEOs. In this work, the mission performance evaluation is conducted in terms the number of NEO discoveries by the mission through one-year observation simulations with the Granvik model-based NEO population, where the number of telescopes and the detectable apparent magnitude limit as a function of line-of-sight change rate are given as design variable. NEO detection capabilities with synthetic and non-synthetic detection approaches are compared. Finally, opportunities for post-detection actions such as follow-up observations are discussed. The observation simulations resulted in 40 ground-based telescopes could achieve 2,080 detections annually whereas 4 space-based telescopes in SSO could achieve 1,280 detections annually with 20 cm telescopes. The detectability of the NEOs based on the synthetic detection technique could be 3–5 times better than that based on a conventional non-synthetic detection technique. The maximum line-of-sight change rate of the fastest-moving NEO with absolute magnitude 24.1 was 13,865 arcmin/day at the detectable condition. It is also presented that some of the NEOs detected and tracked by the ground part of the proposed mission could be further tracked by follow-up observations of the space part of it, and vice versa.


[Excerpt] This is a practical and useful volume on labor standards in today's highly globalized world. An introduction is followed by ten chapters, some of them general, talking about the ILO or the WTO, and some more specific, focusing on the United States and Europe. The general chapters cover the ILO, corporate codes of conduct, efforts to introduce labor standards into the multilateral trade regime, arguments for and against labor standards in trade, and policy implications. The specific chapters cover U.S. initiatives on child labor, labor standards in the bilateral trade agreements entered into by the United States and the European Union, labor standards among the European Union member countries, and NAFTA.


The aim of this study was investigating Iranian EFL teachers' teaching styles and the activities they use most frequently in their classes. Additionally, the difference between male and female teachers' teaching styles and the relationship between teaching styles and teachers' experience and age were explored. Three hundred EFL teachers were selected by stratified random sampling from six districts of the capital city, Tehran. They filled in a personal information questionnaire and Teaching Activities Preference (TAP) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the participants used a variety of teaching activities in English classes; however, they constituted a special group due to the high percentage of using sensing type activities. Further, it was found that male and female teachers were different in extroverting, sensing, and feeling styles of teaching while female teachers used activities related to these styles more than their male counterparts did. Besides, the obtained results revealed that EFL teachers' age and experience had a negative relationship with sensing style and a positive relationship with thinking style of teaching.


When a painter shows dissatisfaction about his own works, that means this is the sign of his going to ad- vance. The conscious feeling can lead the painter to adjust his painting direction. But anyway, this is a serious chellenge.


Objective:Clinical manifestation and imaging abnormalities of the top-of-the-basilar artery syndrome(TOBS)have been summarized.Methods:Clinical data of 16 patients with TOBS were reviewed retrospectively.Results:Cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism were the major cause of TOBS.The clinical manifestation included conscious disturbances,ocular movement disorders,pupillary disorders and paralysis.Computerized tomography(CT)was insensitive for acute infarction.Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)demarcated the lesions of infarction in patients with TOBS.Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)clearly visualized the vertebral arteries,basilar artery and posterior cerebral arteries.Conclusion:Diagnosis of TOBS depends on clinical presentation and imaging changes.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),especially DWI,is superior to CT in early diagnosis of TOBS.


It cannot be processed in the existing hole-flanging process when the flanging hole and tube have the same diameter. Therefore, a new process is proposed. Taking the deformation characteristics of new process, the work-hardening ability and the thickness change in the deformation zone into consideration, this paper presents a calculative method for tube flanging force. The simulation data in Abaqus show that the flanging force in this pa- per is more accurate than the sheet flanging force formula.


Traditional pattern classification works with the moments of the distributions of the features and involves the estimation of the means and variances. As opposed to this, more recently, research has indicated the power of using the quantiles of the distributions because they are more robust and applicable for non-parametric methods. The estimation of the quantiles is even more pertinent when one is mining data streams. However, the complexity of quantile estimation is much higher than the corresponding estimation of the mean and variance, and this increased complexity is more relevant as the size of the data increases. Clearly, in the context of infinite data streams, a computational and space complexity that is linear in the size of the data is definitely not affordable. In order to alleviate the problem complexity, recently, a very limited number of studies have devised <italic>incremental</italic> quantile estimators <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>. Estimators within this class resort to updating the quantile estimates based on the most recent observation(s), and this yields updating schemes with a very small computational footprint–a constant-time (i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) complexity. In this paper, we pursue this research direction and present an estimator that we refer to as a higher-fidelity frugal <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> quantile estimator. First, it guarantees a substantial advancement of the family of Frugal estimators introduced in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>. The highlight of the present scheme is that it works in the discretized space, and it is thus a pioneering algorithm within the theory of discretized algorithms.<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">1</xref> The convergence results that we have proven are based on the theory of stochastic point location <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>, which we advocate as a new tool for solving a large class of online estimation problems. Extensive simulation results show that our estimator outperforms the original Frugal algorithm in terms of both speed and accuracy.<fn id="fn1">1
The fact that discretized Learning Automata schemes are superior to their continuous counterparts has been clearly demonstrated in the literature. This is the first paper, to our knowledge, that proves the advantages of discretization within the domain of quantile estimation.
</fn>


marriages is by no means clear, precisely because marriage is not necessarily seen in the individualist way as many of the majority population may do. This of course has always been the concern about over-hasty employment of the criminal law in this area, and it is perhaps unfortunate that recent developments on this came too late for comment in this useful contribution. This raises the question as to how the state can accommodate such differing views of marriage within a single institution. It appears that a growing number of Muslim marriages fall outside the state institution because the parties do not complete the civil formalities necessary if their marriage took place in an unregistered mosque (and many are not registered). Rajnaara C. Akhtar (Chapter 8) sought to discover why this is so, and the prevalent reason seemed to be that they did not seem to see any need to do this. For them, the religious marriage was the important thing. The result, of course, is that the couple are considered unmarried cohabitants according to the civil law, without the benefits being legally married brings, especially on death or divorce. Akhtar does not offer a solution to this. My view is that the law should extend its recognition to all religious marriages, wherever solemnised, provided they are officiated by an authorised person, as in Scotland. This is in direct opposition to the view put forward by Peter W. Edge in Chapter 12, who describes it as a 'co-production' between the state and religious communities, and would confine legal recognition to an entirely civil proceeding. The Law Commission suggested this in 1973 but Edge would go further and not even call it marriage. But I think that, provided certain conditions are met, the state should recognise religious marriages, thereby (probably) extending access to the civil law of marriage and also demonstrating its approval of a range of communities and community practices within a single, but diverse, society. This leaves open questions of how civil marriage should be defined. This is partly addressed by Jonathan Herring in Chapter 13, who rightly castigates the apparent obsession with the ability to have heterosexual intercourse. This is a remnant from its distant roots in canon law, most of which have been swept away, and fortunately are of very little current practical importance. This is another example of social norms overcoming legal ones, and Herring's preference for care to replace sex as being 'at the heart of marriage' almost certainly reflects such norms. It is less clear, however, how this could be expressed in legal provisions. Other contributions examine in detail the ritual symbolism in Church of England weddings by Sarah Farrimond (Chapter 10), and a discourse analysis by Rosie Harding in Chapter 11 of the language used in debates in the House of Lords second readings of the bills that became the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013. In sum, by highlighting social perspectives, this collection provides a welcome reminder that marriage is far more than a legal institution and the contributions are a source of fascinating information pertinent to discussions about its future. John Eekelaar Emeritus Fellow, Pembroke College, Oxford email@example.com


Foreign body ingestion is a common clinical problem in children but is relatively uncommon in adults. Foreign body ingestion in jail inmates presents a challenge as a preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make. Drug trafficking is an important underlying cause. We report a case series of five cases - all jail inmates who presented with small bowel obstruction. All underwent exploratory laparotomy-3 for acute obstruction and 2 for failure of conservative treatment. Polythene wrapped drug pouches were retrieved from small bowel. Foreign body ingestion in the form of polythene packed drug pouches is an important cause of small bowel obstruction in jail inmates. Surgical intervention is invariably required.


The conclusion is drawn from the Qian-Sai world s ta ndard mode and 1952-2000 city population gravity of China by a positive analysi s of industrial structure:the declination of industrialization and urbanization i s caused by the declination of the industrialized structure,the declination of industrialization and the structure of employment,structure of consumption. The delay of the development of the servicing industry and the urban-rural binary industrial structure cause the process of industrializatio n not tobe promoted by the change of employment structure andconsumption struct ure,hareby the process of the urbanization.


Achievable Power Uprates in Pressurized Water Reactors Using Uranium Nitride Fuel This work aims at investigating the potential benefits of nitride fuel use in pressurized water reactors. The AP1000 is chosen as the reference power plant. Both oxide and nitride fuel are considered and compared using a steady state thermal hydraulics and mechanics parametric optimization study to achieve a maximal core power. A subsequent neutronics study determined the achievable energy extracted per fuel mass (burnup) and sets the core power that allows for an 18-months fuel cycle length. The impact of the change in the core operating temperature on the steam cycle efficiency is considered in order to provide a final evaluation of the electric power uprate. The steady state limits considered are pressure drop, minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio, fretting and sliding wear and fuel average and centerline temperatures. These limits were set by the reference design's performance. Two strategies were used to raise the core power while remaining within specified limits: increasing the core mass flow rate and decreasing the core inlet temperature. These two strategies were implemented in a simplified MATLAB tool using correlations and a MATLAB-VIPRE (subchannel simulation tool) interface to better model cross-flows. Designs with smaller pins but with similar pitch-todiameter ratios compared to the reference design were found to be optimal with regards to these performances for both strategies. Fretting wear was found to be the limiting constraint for these designs for the first strategy, and additional spacer grids can be introduced to reduce fretting wear and to allow a further power increase. MDNBR was found to be the limiting constraint for these designs in the second strategy. The fuel temperature was not limiting for these designs and both oxide and nitride fuel can be utilized with the same uprates. Both tools provided similar results: smaller fuel pins with similar pitch over diameter ratios allow for better performances than the nominal design in the aforementioned criteria. The most promising strategy proved to be decreasing the core inlet temperature. With this strategy, the possible uprate is 16%, or 550 MWth, in both tools. Such an uprate requires an additional steam generator, and when lowering the core inlet temperature the efficiency of the steam cycle is lowered by 1% as we also need to lower the steam generator saturation pressure. This will require a larger high-pressure turbine. The optimized nitride-fueled design was compared with the oxide-fueled nominal core in terms of neutronics performances. I showed that the new design can reach an 18 month cycle length, at an uprated power, with a 4.3% enrichment and a 60 assembly feed using uranium nitride, compared with a 4.6% enrichment and a 68 assembly feed for the nominal design at the nominal power. With a higher enrichment and a higher feed, a two-year cycle length can be reached even with the uprate. The moderator temperature coefficient, the shutdown margin and the power coefficient of both designs satisfied licensing requirements. A 5% increase in fuel cycle costs was noted with the nitride optimized core, minor compared to the revenue of a 150 MWe uprate. Transient performances, and more extensive fuel performance studies are left for future studies. Thesis Supervisor: Koroush Shirvan Title: Principal Research Scientist


This text elaborated the thinking and design to the YB47 packer Electrify Simulation Console,the application of YB47 packer Electrify Simulation Console to the circuit and the element,will reduce the rate of the electricity breakdown,then shorten the total adjust time,shorten the production period and bring a performance for the company.


Polymer nanocomposites have received considerable research attention in the past decade due to its remarkable improvement in tensile, fatigue, and tribological characteristics. This article reports the wear characteristics of pristine polyamide 6 and polyamide 6 nanocomposite (PA6NC) spur gears. The nanocomposite was made by melt intercalation method and injection moulded into gears. Molecular level interaction of nano-size reinforcement enhances the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposite. The performance of gears at different torque levels were studied using a power absorption type gear test rig. The gear tooth surface temperature affects the wear rate and service life. The enhanced mechanical properties of PA6NC results in reduced frictional and hysteresis heat generation associated with less wear and increased life.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chicken feet gelatin and wheat fiber levels on the quality character-istics properties of semi-dried chicken jerky. The obtained chicken feet gelatin swollen with hydrochloric solution (0.1 NHCl, pH 1.31±0.02) was dehydrated via freeze-drying. Six formulations of chicken jerky that were prepared, based on theratio of chicken meat, chicken feet gelatin and wheat fiber, were 100:0:0, 98:0:2, 99:1:0, 97:1:2, 98:2:0 and 96:2:2, respec-tively. The moisture content of semi-dried chicken jerky containing 2% wheat fiber was higher than that of jerky withoutthe added fiber (p<0.05); moreover, an increase in the content of chicken feet gelatin also increased the moisture content.The drying yield of the samples increased with an increase in chicken feet gelatin. In addition, the drying yield of samplescontaining 2% wheat fiber was higher (p<0.05) than those without the added wheat fiber. However, the shear force of thesamples significantly decreased with the increase in chicken feet gelatin content. Further, the shear force of the samplescontaining 2% wheat fiber was higher ( p<0.05) than those without the added wheat fiber. No significant differences, exceptfor color, were observed in the sensory analysis among the treatments.Key words: chicken feet, gelatin, fiber, semi-dried jerky


Teaching supervision is an important part of teaching management,has a very important role in ensuring the quality of teaching,serving the local economy and improving the professional quality of teachers,and so on.Based on the necessity of teaching supervision mechanism reform demonstration,presents a situation suitable for the present era of service-oriented teaching supervision mechanism teaching reform,and put forward corresponding improvement measures and targets.


Non linear transmission line (NLTL) technologies have been proposed over a number of years as a means of achieving various high power pulse shaping functions. BAE SYSTEMS has been involved in the development of a particular form of NLTL technology capable of producing high power pulsed RE waveforms with frequencies between 100's of MHz and l-2 GHz and with powers of the order of 25 MW and above. Benefits due to the use of NLTLs are the all-solid-state nature of the RE modulator system and the accurate pulse to pulse frequency and timing control which may be achieved. In this paper the fundamentals of the technology are explored and the potential for a system to array a number of NLTL elements and produce extremely high peak powers and radiated fields is discussed. Novel antenna systems are also described, exploiting high impedance surface technologies and suitable for the peak RE powers as well as being extremely compact. (3 pages)


For stable combustion and safety of a structure of the propulsion system, a cooling system to the liquid rocket engine should be incorporated. In this study, Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme for two phase combustion, nongray radiation and soot formation effect, and film-wall interaction have been introduced to study the effect of film cooling. After briefly introducing the governing equation, combustion characteristics with change of wall temperature has been investigated by varying such parameters as fuel mass fraction for film cooling, diameter of the fuel droplet, overall mixture fraction of oxygen to fuel. Also, radiative heat flux is compared with the conductive one at the combustor wall.ꢍ?⨀਀ကꢍ?⨀厄硴؀က薄硴Ȁஅ硴Ā?⨀਀က?⨀厄硴؀ကஅ硴Āႎ?⨀਀ႎ?⨀邎?⨀Āက邎?⨀₎?⨀؀₎?⨀袎?⨀؀က袎?⨀ꂎ?⨀਀ꂎ?⨀肏?⨀က肏?⨀낎?⨀℀낎?⨀碏?⨀؀က碏?⨀邏?


Abstract Twenty-four male Holstein calves were in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment to investigate the effects of feeding frequency (once or twice daily) and of imposing a weekly fast (with of without a 39-hour weekly fast) from birth to 125 kg body weight. Weight gain, protein and energy utilization, and various carcass parameters were measured. There were no significant effects of treatments on rate of gain, digestible protein, and digestible energy used per kilogram gain. Fasting 39 hours per week resulted in significantly (P  The carcass parameters measured were not significantly affected by the feeding regime with the exception of a greater (P


Introduction: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a continuing interprofessional educational workshop focused on eating disorders in a rural area in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. The pilot study helped determine if the eating disorder workshop was feasible for implementation to a broader audience. A conceptual model developed by our eating disorder team and described in the article guided this innovative program. Methods: The intensive 2‐day workshop was piloted in one community with 41 health and education professionals in attendance. A key element was the focus on creating and sustaining collaborative care for eating disorders. Participants completed pre‐post workshop measures of interprofessional attitudes and skills, self‐reported knowledge, confidence, and intention to change practice (post questionnaire only). A 6‐month follow‐up survey measured self‐reported practice change. Results: There were significant positive changes in interprofessional attitudes and skills as well as knowledge and confidence in collaborative management of eating disorders. Post‐workshop, 69% (n = 24/35) of participants indicated intention to change practice, and on follow‐up, 7 of 10 respondents reported implementing changes in practice as a result of the workshop. Low response rate at follow‐up was a limitation. Discussion: Results support the impact of the workshop in improving knowledge, confidence, and attitudes toward collaboration and changing practice and the value of implementing the program province‐wide.


The main objective o f the study was to investigate into factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in the SenyaBereku community o f the Awutu-Effutu-Senya District, which has a high drop out rate o f girls in the educational facilities make recommendations to the District Health Management Team and District Assembly o f Awutu-Effutu-Senya District. The dissertation is based on data collected from the field between June 2004 and June 2005. Data on 200 adolescents o f which 82 was male, 10 teenage mothers, 5 mothers o f adolescent mothers and ten opinion leaders. Distribution o f respondents was presented in tables, pie charts, bar charts and cross tabulations. The chi-square test was used to establish the association between independent variables stated in the hypothesis and teenage pregnancy. The finding o f the study showed that coercion, career aspirations, parental control, knowledge and usage o f contraceptives and involvement in extracurricular activities were significantly related to adolescent sexuality. The median age o f sexual debut was 16 years for males and females, and there was poor usage o f conventional family planning methods despite education on teenage pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. Programmes to help reduce the incidence o f teenage pregnancy will need the combined efforts o f all stakeholders. Health services and counselling centres should be established for the youth with emphasis on reproductive behaviour and sex u a lity . Early onset o f education on teenage pregnancy and coiiuavcpiiy^ms^tcuuimncnded University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh


Abstract : An Author Certificate has been issued for a device used to record human physiological functions. Its components include amplifiers of biopotentials, high- and low-frequency filters, a body and skin temperature monitor, a circuit measuring skin galvanic reactions, and a stabilized power source. Increased operating reliability and accuracy of several simultaneous measurements are achieved by suppressing synphased interference and by assuring necessary signal amplification using cascaded low-frequency amplifiers. Some signals are fed to bridges, in which the arms are automatically balanced by controlling each arm using a tube grid connected via resistance to the cathode. A variation of the above is distinguished by the fact that the temperature measurement bridge is fed by a synchro. A second variation is designed to record incoming signals from measurement channels via telemetry, and uses various types of oscillographs. It contains output stages with current and voltage switches.


We have studied the behaviour of a thin film Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) and of a bi-metallic superconducting loop under laser light irradiation. We find that the experimental data can be explained by simple thermal heating without assuming the existence of non- thermal non-equilibrium quasiparticle distribution. We also find that the observation of collective behaviour at low temperature as suggested by Bari and Sukhanov will be hindered by thermal effects. INTERFERENCE DEVICE ILLUMINATION.- In this experi- wer. This behaviour is a characteristic of simple ment, a thin-film rf biased SQUID was illuminated heating. Similarly to Janik et al. /l/ we were able with the He-Ne laser whose power could be varied to move through several zeros in the Bessel func- continuously over severaL orders of magnitude by tion response by varying the laser power. means of neutral density filters. The light was in- The output response was qualitatively the troduced into an electrically and magnetically shi- same for both orientations of the SQUID ; the res- elded cryostat using a fiber optic bundle which pro- ponse was found to be independent of frequency up duced a rectangular light pattern (1 mm X 10 mm) on to some maximum cutoff corresponding to 1.5 s for the cylindrical thin film Sn SQUID as shown in figu- illumination at 180 O and lol S. for illumination re 1. of the weak link (0'). Assuming that the effect of the light is simply to heat the film and substrate, and that the behaviour of the SQUID is determined by the temperature dependence of the weak link, one FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE can use thermal conductivity and heat capacity da-


The scope of this study is to analyze cooperative communication techniques by measuring the symbol error rate vs. signal to noise ratio and analyzing the merits and demerits of those techniques. Unless stated otherwise, the channel is modelled as Rayleigh fading and noise is modeled as white Gaussian. The results of this study can be used to understand the benefits of cooperative protocols and their necessity in future communication systems. All simulations are performed on MATLAB. The scope of this paper study is to analyse analyze cooperative communication techniques by measuring the symbol error rate vs . signal to noise ratio and analysing analyzing the merits and demerits of those techniques. Unless stated otherwise , the channel is modelled as Rayleigh fading and noise is model l ed as white Gaussian . The results of this paper study can be used to understand the benefits of cooperative protocols and their necessity in future communication systems. All simulations are performed on MATLAB


Science is opposite to ideology mainly because science is a rational and verifiable objective reality,and the truth of science is not influenced by different values and beliefs,while ideology is value judgment including emotional and psychological factors.Marx emphasized that the difference between science and ideology was relative,and we,therefore,should dialectically see the relationship between them.In this sense science performs the functions of ideology,but science differs from ideology because science is unity of sociality and natural attribute,and sociality can not fully replace natural attribute.


A combined feed system is introduced.The working principle of the reciprocating piston actuator which is the key component of the system is described.A simulation model of the system was established.The performance of the actuator was simulated when the mediums were liquid and gas.The influence of outlet load,gas cylinder pressure and pressure at pump outlet on performance of the piston actuator are analyzed.The result shows the system works reliably,but the pressure of gas cylinder and the pressure at pump outlet need to be matched in the process of application.


TPS8604 Background: Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality for low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. SD-101 (Dynavax Technologies) is an immunostimulatory synthetic CpG molecule that activates toll-like receptor 9. Intratumoral CpG injection produced local and abscopal anti-lymphoma immune responses with minimal systemic toxicity in an early phase clinical trial (Brody J et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010). Resistance to CpG is thought to be due to the induction of immune tolerance following an initial immune stimulation. Ipilimumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb) is a monoclonal anti-CTLA-4 antibody that interrupts inhibitory signaling on the surface of T cells, thus blocking the development of immune tolerance. Preclinical models show intratumoral injection of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies can produce systemic anti-tumor immune responses at a fraction of the standard systemic dose, thereby limiting adverse autoimmune side effects. This trial proposes a local low-dose immunomodulation strategy combining intratumoral CpG, i...


In this work, we investigate a class of fractional Schrödinger - Poisson systems

<disp-formula>  <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll}(-\triangle)^s u +V(x)u+\lambda\phi u = \mu u+|u|^{p-1}u, & x\in\ \mathbb{R}^3, \\(-\triangle)^s \phi = u^2, & x\in\ \mathbb{R}^3, \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula>

where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ s\in(\frac{3}{4}, 1) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ p\in(3, 5) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \lambda $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is a positive parameter. By the variational method, we show that there exists <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \delta(\lambda)>0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> such that for all <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ \mu\in[\mu_1, \mu_1+\delta(\lambda)) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, the above fractional Schrödinger -Poisson systems possess a nonnegative bound state solutions with positive energy. Here <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ \mu_1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is the first eigenvalue of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ (-\triangle)^s +V(x) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>.


Diabetes is said to account for most cases of neuropathy in the elderly. We reviewed records of 223 young‐old (65–79 years) and 77 old‐old (≥80 years) patients referred for evaluation of neuropathic symptoms over a 9‐year period. We prospectively validated our findings in 102 consecutive elderly (77 young‐old) patients receiving intensive evaluation for neuropathy. Diabetes was the most common cause of neuropathy (41%), but was less common in the old‐old (25% versus 46%, P < 0.001). Idiopathic neuropathies were more common in the old‐old (39% versus 9%, P < 0.001). Alcoholic and nutritional neuropathies were uncommon in the old‐old. Electrophysiological studies showed that most patients had an axonal type of neuropathy. Sural and peroneal response amplitudes were poorly correlated with age. We obtained similar results in our prospective study. The distribution of causes of neuropathies in young‐old and old‐old patients, in a hospital‐based sample, is age‐related. Future studies need to include the old‐old to better understand the nature of neuropathy in the elderly. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1476–1481, 2001


It was achieved a visual representation of information about the crystallization process in the multidimensional space, which creates prerequisites for the development of software systems to solve a wide class of problems. With the geometric interpretation Minkowski space-time, quasi-Lorentz and Einstein's concept concerning the concept of giving time physical sense, simulated the process of formation of crystals in the four-dimensional space. The 4D model space combines the physical three-dimensional space of the factors affecting the formation of crystals, and time. Visualization of the crystallization process in spacetime plays an important role, as having great cognitive and probative value, and contributes to a better understanding of crystallization processes, creates conditions to control the properties of materials in the process of crystallization.


• Page 1 of 4 • Citation: Liawrungrueang W, Wongsiri S (2020) Keyhole Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using MIS-CTS-Kits (Surgical Technique). Int Arch Orthop Surg 3:018. doi.org/10.23937/2643-4016/1710018 Accepted: April 13, 2020; Published: April 15, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Liawrungrueang W, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Three-dimensional Weyl semimetals have pairs of topologically protected Weyl nodes, whose projections onto the surface Brillouin zone are the end points of zero energy surface states called Fermi arcs. At the endpoints of the Fermi arcs, surface states extend into and are hybridized with the bulk. Here, we consider a two-dimensional junction of two identical Weyl semimetals whose surfaces are twisted with respect to each other and tunnel-coupled. Confining ourselves to commensurate angles (such that a larger unit cell preserves a reduced translation symmetry at the interface) enables us to analyze arbitrary strengths of the tunnel-coupling. We study the evolution of the Fermi arcs at the interface, in detail, as a function of the twisting angle and the strength of the tunnel-coupling. We show unambiguously that in certain parameter regimes, all surface states decay exponentially into the bulk, and the Fermi arcs become Fermi loops without endpoints. We study the evolution of the `Fermi surfaces' of these surface states as the tunnel-coupling strengths vary. We show that changes in the connectivity of the Fermi arcs/loops have interesting signatures in the optical conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface.


Experiments are conducted in a wave flume to study liquefaction of silty soil and development of hard layer under wave actions at the Yellow River Estuary. Results indicate that under wave actions superficial silty soil is in liquefaction for most of the times, which leads to a W-shaped sliding interface between the oscillatory layer and the underlying layer; with the passage of time, thickness of the oscillatory layer decreases while that of plume-like sediments increases till the oscillation is stopped. Therefore, the liquefaction of silty soil is the prerequisite for the development of hard layer, while the oscillation of liquefied soil body due to wave actions makes possible the development of hard layer.


The use of phytotherapy is growing worldwide, but the popular perception is that this kind of approach is natural and therefore safer than traditional medicine; for this reason the use is frequently not communicated to the doctor. Instead, even if many herbal remedies are benign in nature, some of these therapies have potentially harmful side effects or adverse interactions with other medications. So, the purpose of our study was to analyze the behavior patterns and decision‐making modalities about herbal remedy use among a sample of Italian women.


This essay aims to weave together Freud's seemingly disparate discussions of the causes of and cures for trauma and attempts to unravel the significance of his contribution to the literature on trauma. Investigating the aetiology of hysteria, Freud discovers trauma, characterizing it as a psychic wound that persistently impacts the structure of the mind and explains the cure as the recovery of forgotten memory—along with the abreaction of the affect attached to it. Freud's theoretical shift from "dissociation" to "repression" makes him underscore the idea of "working-through" as a pivotal part of psychoanalytic therapy, one that enables the subject to come to terms with repressed memory.
War neuroses brought the concept of the repetition compulsion to his notice, leading him to develop the theory of the death drive, and he defines trauma as the ego's defense against both endo- and exo-psychic dangers. He interprets the traumatic dream as a repeated attempt to master the traumatic situation with anxiety—a signal that prepares the subject for danger—the absence of which triggers traumatic neurosis. Later, this idea evolves into his suggestion that strengthening the patient's ego empowers him to master the trauma that had previously overpowered him. Observing, however, that the ego defends itself against the process of recovery, just as it does against the threat of dangers, Freud uncovers the death drive underneath this resistance to recovery and envisages the asymptotic and incomplete process of the cure.
Freud's engagement with the issue of trauma presents several important points. The idea of strengthening the ego for therapeutic purposes echoes his early view of unpleasure as resulting from the ego's lack of inhibition in the Project of Scientific Psychology, thus providing a thread of consistency in the seemingly discontinuous trajectory of his trauma theory. His emphasis on working-through highlights the importance of the subject's active role in recovery, which may be disregarded in neuroscientific trauma studies. In historiography, the concept of working-through connotes the therapeutic process of persistently witnessing the truth of wounded individuals without closure.
Freud's account of the cooperation of the analyst and the patient may serve as a model for the "social space" in which a sympathetic listener bears witness to the testimony of the traumatized subject. Finally, the death drive that Freud excavates beneath the ego's resistance to recovery evokes the concept of death as the ultimate danger to the ego, the mortality that the subject encounters in the course of his traumatic experience. Freud's reflections on traumatic neurosis testify to his unflinching commitment to discerning the mechanisms and cures of trauma in the process of probing the psychic wounds of his patients.


Geographers often view the plaza and its surrounding architecture as one of the most traditional and conservative aspects of the Latin American cultural landscape. However, the Latin American plaza is becoming Anglo Americanized due to increasingly international economic and cultural exchanges resulting from globalization. This paper reports changes in the types of businesses located adjacent to the plaza of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1907–2000. Careful study of land use history in Ponce's plaza demonstrates that multinational banks, fast food chains, and clothing stores are replacing local business establishments. Spatial succession is used as a conceptual framework to examine change over time in the ownership and function of buildings located adjacent to the plaza. Municipal tax records are used as a source of data to find the type and rate of change over several decades. The data reveal that in 1907 there was only one international business located adjacent to the plaza. By 2000, seven of the thirty two lots facing the plaza were occupied by international chain stores, and an additional nine lots contained locally owned businesses with English names. The most rapid change occurred between 1980 and 2000. The findings of this research indicate changes that may eventually occur in plazas throughout Latin America as historically distinct places become increasingly similar in their outward appearance due to globalization.


The last decade has brought a wealth of books detailing life and policies in cities outside the capitals that have enriched our understanding of the Soviet experience. Risch's work follows the best of these and provides a rich, nuanced, and carefully researched book in which he seeks to explain how Polish Lwow became Soviet and then Ukrainian L'viv. Although this is a study of a single city, the book situates L'viv both in the larger framework of Soviet nationality policy and makes comparisons to other western borderland cities like Riga, Tallinn, and Vilnius. The agents of change to the new city of L'viv are too numerous to name in this short review, but Risch takes great pains to show power located in Moscow, Kiev, and L'viv. Like much of the western Soviet Union that was incorporated during and after World War II, the city of L'viv had a long history and complicated ethnic past. Poles and Jews had been prominent in the city's history, but Nazi genocide and then Soviet forced removals radically changed the city's demographics. Risch argues that the impetus for making L'viv Ukrainian came from Moscow officials who wanted to rid the city of its bourgeois Polish past. Ironically, the imperial center helped to shape this later separatist city on the western border. Kiev provided examples of what Ukrainian meant, and then locals reinterpreted these ideas into something unique. In the city itself we learn about party and government officials; university students, faculty, and staff; writers, musicians, and other artists who operate both publicly and underground; a collection of bikers, hippies, soccer fans, and odier counterculture youth.


In this article, the gradient of aerodynamic objective functions with respect to design variables, in problems governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the k–ω SST turbulence model, is computed using the continuous adjoint method, for the first time. Shape optimization problems for minimizing drag, in external aerodynamics (flows around isolated airfoils), or viscous losses in internal aerodynamics (duct flows) are considered. Sensitivity derivatives computed with the proposed adjoint method are compared to those computed with finite differences or a continuous adjoint variant based on the frequently used assumption of frozen turbulence; the latter proves the need for differentiating the turbulence model. Geometries produced by optimization runs performed with sensitivities computed by the proposed method and the 'frozen turbulence' assumption are also compared to quantify the gain from formulating and solving the adjoint to the turbulence model equations.


Based on the theory of biological control of Saprolegnia ferax,antagonism test of nine strains of Bacillus sp. to S. ferax JL was carried out. Bacillus sp.BA1 was screened to have significantly inhibitory effects on the growth of S. ferax JL( P < 0. 05). Then,the effects of Bacillus sp. BA1 on different sources of S. ferax were carried out. Results showed that BA1 also had significantly inhibitory effects on S. ferax 6#,10# and S2( P < 0. 05). Sequence of 16 S r DNA of BA1 was analyzed; and homologous alignment analysis showed that BA1 had more than 99% similarity with Bacillus cereus. Therefore,it could be concluded that strain BA1 was B. cereus,which significantly inhibited the growth of S. ferax and could be used as the biological control agent for S. ferax diseases in aquaculture.


During infections and cancer, the composition of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells changes over time. TCR avidity is thought to be a major driver of this process, thereby interacting with several additional regulators of T‐cell responses to form a composite immune response architecture. Infections with latent viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), can lead to large T‐cell responses characterized by an oligoclonal TCR repertoire. Here, we review the current status of experimental studies and theoretical models of TCR repertoire evolution during CMV infection. We will particularly discuss the degree to which this process may be determined through structural TCR avidity. As engineered TCR‐redirected T cells have moved into the spotlight for providing more effective immunotherapies, it is essential to understand how the key features of a given TCR influence T‐cell expansion and maintenance in settings of infection or malignancy. Deeper insights into these mechanisms will improve our basic understanding of T‐cell immunology and help to identify optimal TCRs for immunotherapy.


he present investigation aimed to study the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the germination and α-amylase activity of barley grains (Giza 127 variety). All experiments have been performed at fixed frequency of 40 KHz at different ultrasonic power 40, 60, 80, and 100% of power setting device (120W) for 5 ,10and 15 min with constant temperature (30 °C) . Germination percent and moisture content during different soaking periods ranged from (24 to 45 hr) were determined and the results showed that the moisture content of the barley grains increased by increasing soaking time . The germination percentage of the above mentioned treatments reached its maximum value under ( 40% power setting for 10 and 15 min ) during 1,3 and 7 days of germination which in parallel with the germination rate .Also, the results , showed that a good relation between α-amylase activity and germination rate .The chemical composition of the barley grains and its malt after sonication revealed increase in protein and fat and decrease in ash , crude fiber and carbohydrate contents compared with control. Pan bread prepared by using 1% sonicated malt resulted from (40% power setting for 10 min) gave satisfactory results on the physical properties (volume, specific volume and density). The results cleared that sonicated barley affected all sensory attributes to show high significant increase compared with either raw materials or control. Meanwhile, it affected the malt and pan bread color. Texture profile of the resulted bread showed significant decrease in hardness, springiness and chewiness in all sonicated treatments. On contrast cohesiveness and Gumminess were significantly increased compared with control and raw materials.


Introduction: The CLP cleft lip and palate are among the most frequently reported defects and are due to failures in the development or maturation of embryonic processes, reaching an average face by the rupture of the lip and / or palate. The cleft lip result of disability fusion of frontonasal and maxillary processes that occurs around the 6th week of intrauterine life. The palate are due to the lack of fusion of the palatine plates of the maxillary process, this fusion that occurs around the 9th week. The Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce (OSID) through Centrinho (Center for Craniofacial Anomalies) is accredited to the Ministry of Health as highly complex SUS service and reference craniofacial anomalies in Bahia, Brazil. Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of cleft-surgical sector patients in the Hospital Santo Antonio (HSA), Centrinho. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated 537 records (or medical records) of patients with cleft lip and / or palate, seen at Centrinho, from 2000 to 2013. Results: The sample was composed of a majority of patients the 55.3% male, median age of 26.92 months and mixed skin. Most patients treated at Centrinho had access to primary surgeries of cleft lip correction and / or palate and 96.6% of patients with access to lip repair and 77.5% with access and perform palatoplasty. The fissure trans incisor had the most (40.0%), being the most affected unilateral location (55.3%). The most common level of parental education was elementary school with a higher rate residents in Bahia (55.2%). Conclusion: These findings provide epidemiological tools for managers to direct health prevention actions and interdisciplinary treatment for craniofacial anomalies and contribute as baseline information for further studies.


Next generation networks will provide customers with a service mix placing variable demands for resources on the underlying infrastructure, motivating automated telecommunications services management approaches. This thesis proposes the Autonomic Service Architecture (ASA) for automated service delivery over next generation networks.
First, we propose an architectural blueprint for ASA. We describe our view of the next generation network infrastructure, which will be application oriented. We elaborate on the layered design of ASA, the virtualization of resources, and the separation between manual and autonomic functions in the service delivery lifecycle. The autonomic functions are delivered by the interaction between Autonomic Resource Brokers (ARBs). The architecture of an ARB is then detailed, with a description of its different components and the message exchanges needed.
Next, we discuss a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) naming and mobility management approach for next generation networks using ASA. This P2P approach will help ensure the scalability, robustness, and flexibility that ASA needs to ensure service delivery over next generation networks. The proposed P2P naming and mobility management infrastructure is then detailed, and its performance is evaluated.
Finally, we suggest several autonomic resource management algorithms for ASA. The first algorithm is based on the Transportation Model, commonly used in the Operations Research community for cost minimization in delivering a commodity from sources to destinations, adapted to perform allocation of virtual resources. The second algorithm is based on the Assignment Model, commonly used in the Operations Research community for cost minimization in assigning several jobs to several workers, adapted to perform autonomic assignment of dedicated virtual resources. The third algorithm is based on Inventory Control, commonly used in the Operations Research community to analyze inventory systems, placing and receiving orders when needed for a given product, adapted to predict the demand on virtual resources. The fourth algorithm is based on Reinforcement Learning, commonly used in the Machine Learning community by agents to find a control policy that will maximize the observed rewards over their lifetime, adapted to adjust the prices of virtual resources.


Today the consumer behavior has changed to a great extent. A lot of research has been done previously on the various areas of Consumer Research. Consumers do have different needs, urges (physical, psychological) and for the satisfaction of their needs they adopt different kinds of behavior. There have been increasing incidents of compulsive shopping among the Indian consumers. Even than very few research studies have been done in this area. The number of internet users is increasing dramatically. We live in a constant changing society and technology age which is named as information age and internet is the largest revolution in this era. A theoretical framework of online compulsive buying is presented, incorporating constructs/data themes from previous research in various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and marketing. Personality antecedents and short and long term consequences describe the addictive consumer disease. Marketing implications and future research directions are discussed. Thus this research paper is an honest effort to provide new insights by consolidating the important research studies, articles, papers that analyze and evaluate the vast literature that is available in this context with the main aim of contributing to development of a theoretical framework that can throw light on this emerging consumer behavior problem.


Activation of T cells after ligation of the antigen-specific T-cell receptor initiates a cascade of metabolic and biochemical alterations that culminate in cell proliferation. The major changes include a series of phosphorylation reactions on numerous protein substrates, phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, intracellular Ca 2+ accumulation, gene activation, lymphokine receptor expression, and lymphokine secretion. Despite a great deal of work unraveling the structure of the T-cell receptor complex and the many biochemical events triggered by ligation of the T-cell receptor, the exact link between the various responses is not entirely defined


The ultrastructure of a large soil ciliate, Enchelydium pohaucleatum Foissner,1984 (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Haptorida) has been observed using transmission electron microscopy. Our observations support the previous descriptions about this species and the results are generally similar to those obtained in many other haptorids (Lacrymaria,Litonotus, Homalozoon etc),e. g. The existence of two kinds of toxicysts and one type of mucocyst, as well as the cortex with membrane-bounded flat alveoli.Ultrastructural characteristics of E. polynucleatum may include 1) a large cistern of the endoplasmic reticulum separating the inner and outer portion of the cytoplasm; 2)mitochondria distributed only within the inner portion (the endoplasm) ; 3) strongly developed transverse microtubule ribbon turning to the rim of the oral bulge and then extending anteriorly along the wall of cytostome, where they plunge inwards to support the cytopharynx, and 4) two kinds of argentophic toxicysts (the long type and the short one), which are restricted to the oral region and whose structure is similar to that of other haptorids, while the mucocysts being close-set and distributed only in somatic region immediately beneath the pellicle.We suggest that this organism, as a untypical form of haptorida (with primitive dorsal brushes but without dikinetid circum oral kineties), should be placed in a "lower" position in the order.


Publication of security analysts' recommendations in the column "Inside Wall Street," which is published in "Business Week," induces abnormal returns on the publication day and the following day. The abnormal returns are robust to the use of alternative samples and methodologies. The publication increases trading volumes for the securities that are recommended to be purchased, but not for securities that are recommended to be sold. The abnormal returns and trading volumes support the view that stock prices do not adjust instantaneously when new information arrives, and that the time pattern of price adjustment depends on the time pattern of the accessibility of the information. The authors find no statistically significant difference between the average abnormal returns that are induced by recommendations that appear at the beginnings of "Inside Wall Street" columns (and are covered more extensively than others) and the average abnormal returns induced by other recommendations. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.


Thromboembolic complications are frequent in patients with multiple trauma. The efficacy of unfractionated heparin for venous thrombosis prophylaxis has not been established. Based on limited prospective data, low‐molecular‐weight heparin appears to be more effective than unfractionated heparin and at least as effective as compression devices for preventing thromboembolic complications in these patients. Vena cava filters should be considered in high‐risk patients who cannot receive anticoagulant therapy, but long‐term filter use without concomitant anticoagulant therapy is associated with a substantial risk of recurrent thromboembolism.


Trends of researches in information filtering has advanced the use of Recommender Systems RSs in many E-business sites, and re-shaped their commercial activities. Recommendations made by such systems are casted within an informal community of users and social context. As a result, a number of RS techniques have been proposed. Single and hybrid RSs have been applied to enhance recommendation. In this study, a hybrid recommendation approach for personalized retrieval of research articles was propose to improve researchers' accuracy in research article retrieval. Collaborative, Context-Based, and Knowledge Based filtering approaches of RS are integrated. Results obtained from the filters are amalgamated with an averaging technique to produce optimal result from which top-N are recommended to researchers. Evaluation of results obtained from experimental study shows the model was able to recommend articles with notable precise relevance.


The psychological poverty problem of poor college students is popularly paid attention to and is going to be solved.Because of the special family environment and living conditions,poor students are more prone to cognitive biases in their growth process.All kinds of psychological problems are initiated in the influence of cognitive biases and the serious deficiency of psychological demand.Therefore,we not only keep a watchful eye on poor college students'material poverty but also should pay more attention to their mental health development.


The results of the comparative analysis of the characteristics of pressure centers which influenced the weather in Siberia in 1976–2011 according to the surface synoptic maps and maps constructed using NCEP/DOE AMIP II reanalysis are presented. The area of study was limited by 50–70°N, 60–110°E. Such characteristics as number of cyclones and anticyclones, pressure in their centers, pressure gradient, duration of live are investigated. It is found that reanalysis data represent the qualitative picture of the temporal variability of pressure centers quite correctly. In the second half of the studied period cyclones have become less deep and anticyclones have become less intensive. The average value of the pressure gradient of pressure centers obtained using surface synoptic maps is less than that obtained using reanalysis data by factor of two or three. Average long-term duration of the impact on the territory of the pressure centers using the surface synoptic maps and reanalysis data is almost the same. In general, for Siberia over the period of 1976–2011, according to surface synoptic maps data, duration of anticyclonic weather had increased, but according to reanalysis data, duration of cyclonic weather had increased.


High-performance Nb3Sn conductors are intended to be used in large-scale magnets like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and in the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Due to the occurrence of high electromagnetic forces, a detailed knowledge of the response of the critical current to the three-dimensional mechanical loads acting on the wires inside the cables is required. A detailed analysis of transverse stress effects on the critical current for powder-in-tube and bronze route Nb3Sn wires is presented. In an earlier publication, we have described the effect of transverse stress exerted on a Nb3Sn wire by means of two parallel plates. In the present paper, we analyse the effect of transverse stress exerted simultaneously by four walls on a wire being confined in a U-shaped groove. In order to get a more realistic picture of the situation of wires embedded in a Rutherford cable, the compression by four walls was also performed after impregnating the wire with epoxy in the same U-shaped groove. The result is very different from the case of pressing by means of two walls: the effect of pressure on Ic is now strongly reduced, which is attributed to the almost hydrostatic pressure in the U-shaped groove. This is further confirmed by the comparison between the effects of axial and transverse loads on the upper critical field and the pinning force. The present data are also compared against the effects of mechanical load on the critical current of cables in large-scale magnets.


Gansu Province is in north central China. The Province is rich in mineral resources with more than 100 known deposits, containing a variety of commodities, and of a number of different styles. However, gold reserves in Gansu were insignificant until the mid-1980s when developments in geochemical exploration techniques led to the discovery of over 40 new deposits. These geochemical methods play a key role in gold exploration in Gansu, particularly during reconnaissance exploration. Geophysics tends to be used as a tool to follow-up in prospective areas. The role of geophysics in gold exploration in Gansu can be illustrated using a number of case studies. The deposits described here are at Liba, Huaxi, Liziyuan, Nanjinshan and Xiaoxigong. These deposits are of different types, and this results in different geophysical methods being effective in each case. The Liba and Huaxi deposits occur in sedimentary rocks. They are structurally controlled and sulphides are associated with mineralisation. Ground magnetic surveys are useful for mapping the mineralised structures and stratigraphy. However, the IP method is badly affected by conductive cover. The deposit at Liziyuan is also structure-controlled but occurs in altered granodiorite. Sulphides are again associated with mineralisation. Mineralised bodies within granodiorite are associated with coincident IP anomaly and geochemical anomalies. However, in this case ground magnetic data are ineffective. The Nanjinshan deposit occurs within high-grade quartzitic metasediments and again structural control is evident. Sulphides scattered within quartz veins are associated with the mineralisation. The resistivity method is effective for determining positions and depth extensions of gold-bearing quartz veins. In the Xiaoxigong deposit, borehole geophysical methods were very useful during the evaluation of the deposit. Geophysical logging was able to efficiently identify the mineralised sections. Mise-a-la-masse potential and IP data were able to determine the spatial distribution of mineralisation. Drill hole measurements of potential, using a surface source, helped to find blind mineralisation adjacent to the drillhole.


An examination is made of displacement trial functions found in the quadratic isoparametric representation of an arc. Special attention is given to the quality of curvature change description and to effective manipulation of the trial functions. Various interpolation formulae are derived which have relevance to curved shell finite element design under Love-Kirchhoff assumptions.


SUMMARY Jasminocereus is a columnar cactus endemic to the Galapagos Islands, and is distributed mainly in the lowland arid zones. Its only species, J. thouarsii, has several varieties on different islands. Observations of the variety J. thouarsii var. delicatus on Santa Cruz Island suggested limited recruitment. We therefore studied its floral biology, pollination requirements and seed germination to determine whether recruitment might be limited by seed production or seed quality. Flowers opened in the early morning, from 5h00 to 10h00. No seed was produced by flowers isolated in pollination bags. Pollination was allogamous, mostly brought about by the endemic Xylocopa darwini (Hymenoptera: Apidae), followed by the introduced Acrosticta apicalis (Diptera) and endemic Camponotus planus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Seeds germinated well, with the highest germination rate obtained from seeds that were soaked before planting. RESUMEN


It is a light panoramic view about the contamination risks of milk and its repercussions in the animal and human nutrition. The view is applicable at any food.


Theexpression of the athletic identity in academic environments may become a stress-reducing and a stress-enhancing factor depending on the conditions of the environment when expressing one's athletic identity (Chen et al., 2010).Methods. 214 students (105 females and 109 males) took part in the research. All of them were first year students of the first level of studies (i.e. BA studies) at Lithuanian Sports University. All the students were actively practicing sports. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 with the age average of 19.24 (0.76). Thestudymadeuseofquestionnaires: ReederStressAssessmentScale and Athletic Identity Questionnaire (AIQ).Conclusions. The stress levels experienced by students actively practicing sports and possessing a more prominent athletic identity yet not going for results in sports are lower than those experienced by students with a less prominent athletic identity.


According to the BeO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2-H 2O mutil-phase mineral diagram and the properties of high quality natural emerald deposit and other synthetic emerald technology,many alkali and acid solutions for growing emerald crystal were tested,respectively.By contrasting the solubility of emerald in every solution,H 2SO 4 complex aqueous solution was confirmed as a new better solution which is adapted to grow emerald.In the new solution,the relation among pressure,temperature,solubility and concentration was studied through a series of experiments.It showed that the emerald solubility in such solution is relatively high,and that the solubility-temperature coefficient is positive.At last,in 2.2N H 2SO 4 complex solution, many emerald crystals were grown at 500-600℃ and 152-202.6MPa successfully.


The controversies around the therapeutic indication of human albumin (HA)
and the impact in hospital costs due to the irrational use of the product,
have motivated in the last three decades, the accomplishment of studies
regarding the problem in several countries. In Brazil, HA use
rationalization initiatives are scarce and little spread. This thesis is
presented in three articles that address the clinical and epidemiological
aspects of HA use in Rio de Janeiro hospitals, using primary and secondary
data. In the first article, primary data extracted from the medical records
of 99 patients over 15 years were used, admitted to a Rio de Janeiro
hospital that received HA, between March and August of 2001. The main focus was the adaptation of the prescriptions to clinical protocol guidelines.
There were 33% appropriate indications, 62% inappropriate ones and 5% of
controversial, besides two suspicious cases of adverse reactions. The second stage of the study, that created the second and third articles, was
developed with secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the
Sistema Unico de Saude SIH/SUS. In the second article, 10 111 admittances of subjects over 1 year were analyzed, in which there was HA use in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area hospitals, in the years of 1999, 2000 and 2001.
Besides the description of HA use characteristics, adjusted variables
analyses associated to the demise and to the gravity of the cases were made. The deaths were shown to be positively associated to the amount of HA used, the gravity of the cases and to the clinical medical specialty.. In the
third article, the attendances in which there was indication of HA for
nutritional replacement, in the same period and population of the second
article were analyzed. The main approach was the exploration of SIH/SUS
secondary data in drug use studies. The outcomes were the inadequacy of HA indication and death occurrence among the patients that received the drug as a nutritional replacement Analyses showed higher chance of
inadequate prescription among the longest length of stay in hospital and of
death occurrence among the oldest.


This study uses 2000–2002 American National Election Study (ANES) panel data to assess the influence of national television news viewing on opinions concerning the need for federal involvement in social issues reflective of postmaterialist values. This relationship is analyzed in coordination with the testing of perceptions of the proper role of government in society as a potential mediator. In addition, political party identification (Democrat, Republican, and Independent) is assessed as a potential moderator. This study reveals 3 distinct processes of mediation (or the lack thereof) across the party identification groups, with the perceived role of government serving as a full mediator for Democrats, a simple mediator for Republicans, and not serving as a mediator for Independents.


THIS inscription is recorded on a block of Pentelic marble, broken on both sides and at the bottom and with the original surface only on top. Height, 0.385 mn., breadth, 0.14 m.,,thickness, ca. 0.113 m. (the original thickness cannot be determined). The letters are arranged aroTord ov except in the prescript, which is only partially so arranged. Letters, 0.006 m. high, spacing, 0.01 m. (except in the first line, where the letters are slightly more crowded). Between prescript and inventory there is a vacant space 0.052 m. wide. The stone was found on the Acropolis at Athens in a mediaeval wall (marked 5 in plate 1, Cavvadias und Kawerau, .Die Ausgrabung der Akropolis). A photograph (Fig. 1), the text printed in capitals, and the text with restorations are here given in as close juxtaposition as possible. Line 1. There are traces of the bottom of the 4 of Ky tao~Ev. At the end of the line is a trace of a vertical stroke which must be either K or F. Line 2. At the end of the line there are traces of a sloping bar--either A or A; as there is no evidence of a cross bar, it is more probably the former. Line 4. Slight traces of a circular letter at the end of the line leave no doubt of the genitive ending. Line 5. The first letter is a part of an Y. The middle bar of epsilon has not been cut. It may have been painted in. At the end of the line are slight traces of X. Line 20. The first letter was undoubtedly P. The fourth letter has been slightly defaced, but there certainly was never a cross bar cut on the stone.


The reform of NMET is a heated topic continually studied in the foreign language circle. The authors believe that the reform based on the ideas of new English curriculum should follow six principles,such as the times in language materials choosing,the stability of test format,the orientation towards language ability testing,the integration of the three-dimension objectives,the consistency of content and form,and the ecology of testing system.


input pictures and output pictures fromcurrent generation TV transmitters showlittle difference except forfaint edgeringing atanapproximate 1-MHzrate. Thisisshowntobeduetolackofspecification andcontrol oftransmitter andreceiver lowersideband attenuation andphasecharacteristics in theregion around1MHz belowvisual carrier. Someobserved and somecalculated results arepresented forcomparison. Although itispossible toadjust atransmitter system fornearly perfect 2Tsine-squared pulse andbarperformance using aparticular demodulator, itisconcluded that itispointless toattain performance better than K = 1or1.5percent. Variations inperformance asobserved ondifferent demodulators ordifferent receivers tend tomaskanyfurther improvement intransient response. Useofa "mop-up" system equalizer preceding thetransmitter issuggested. I.INTRODUCTION C URRENT generation television transmitters are capable ofradiating aremarkably goodpicture when theyhavebeenadjusted withcareandwhentheinput picture isgood. Infact, itisdifficult totell thedifference between transmitter input andoutput pictures whenthe twoarecompared inanA/Btest onthesamemonitor, provided that theinput picture hasbeenbandwidth limited to4.2MHz. Theresidual defects mostlikely tobefoundarefaint transients intheformofedgeovershoots andlowfrequency ringing that hastheappearance of"close-in" echoes. Thesearemostreadily observed ontitles of highcontrast suchasstation call letters. Thisisnottosaythattoday's transmitted pictures areperfect inallother respects. Certainly chrominanceto-luminance crosstalk duetoquadrature distortion, hue errors incolor edgesduetoimperfect amplitude and delay response around thecolor subcarrier, andother defects canbeidentified uponsupercritical inspection. But,inouropinion, luminance transient errors, although small, arethemostnoticeable impairment. Forthat reason, ithasbeenselected asthesubject ofthis paper. We hopetoshedsomelight onwhatcauses this problem, whattodoabout it, andthepractical boundaries ofpossible improvement.


The industry standard definition of "multi-domain and multi-vendor management and control service orchestrator" is an essential part of SDOTN architecture and the key to realizing service automation. Based on the engineering practice of SDOTN project, this paper focuses on the MPI (MDSC-PNC interface) modeling idea of ACTN model and the design of engineering implementation. This interface model based on IETF protocol has been applied in the SDOTN project of China Unicom.


Crash modeling of composite structures remains limited in application and has not been effectively demonstrated as a predictive tool. While the global response of composite structures may be well modeled, when composite structures act as energy-absorbing members through direct laminate crushing the modeling accuracy is greatly reduced. The most efficient composite energy absorbing structures, in terms of energy absorbed per unit mass, are those that absorb energy through a complex progressive crushing response in which fiber and matrix fractures on a small scale dominate the behavior. Such failure modes simultaneously include delamination of plies, failure of the matrix to produce fiber bundles, and subsequent failure of fiber bundles either in bending or in shear. In addition, the response may include the significant action of friction, both internally (between delaminated plies or fiber bundles) or externally (between the laminate and the crushing surface). A figure shows the crushing damage observed in a fiberglass composite tube specimen, illustrating the complexity of the response. To achieve a finite element model of such complex behavior is an extremely challenging problem. A practical crushing model based on detailed modeling of the physical mechanisms of crushing behavior is not expected in the foreseeable future. The present research describes attempts to model composite crushing behavior using a novel hybrid modeling procedure. Experimental testing is done is support of the modeling efforts, and a test specimen is developed to provide data for validating laminate crushing models.


The indiscriminate land disposal of wastewater sludge in Lesotho poses an environmental and health concern since sludge typically contains a myriad of hazardous chemicals. This study characterised the physico-chemical properties of the sludge generated at the Ratjomose Wastewater Treatment Plant in Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho and its chemical safety for application on land as an organic fertilizer. The sludge was slightly acidic and had considerable amounts of macronutrients The heavy metal concentrations are less than the maximum limits recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization and the South African standards for sludge applied to agricultural land and are slightly higher than those recommended in the national industrial effluent discharge standards in Lesotho. Principal component analysis did not reveal any major differences between the different cells used in the treatment plant. Since the nutrients and chemical composition of this sludge match the guidelines for an organic-mineral soil conditioner, it can be concluded that this sludge is safe for use in agricultural soils with no expected negative effects.


The behavior of quote arrivals and bid-ask spreads is examined for continuously recorded deutsche mark-dollar exchange rate data over time, across locations, and by market participants. A pattern in the intraday spread and intensity of market activity over time is uncovered and related to theories of trading patterns. Models for the conditional mean and variance of returns and bid-ask spreads indicate volatility clustering at high frequencies. The proposition that trading intensity has an independent effect on returns volatility is rejected, but holds for spread volatility. Conditional returns volatility is increasing in the size of the spread. THERE IS A GROWING body of theoretical studies on the pattern of trading activity in financial markets, with implications for the time series behavior of transactions prices and intensity of trading. The empirical literature addressing similar concerns using intraday market data appropriate for such tasks is sparse, particularly in the area of the trading of currencies. The purpose of this paper is to examine both international patterns of intraday trading activity and the time series properties of returns and bid-ask spreads for the deutsche mark-dollar exchange rate in the interbank foreign exchange market. The goal is to provide information useful in the further development of market microstructure models of trading and to compare empirical findings against theoretical results already in existence. The foreign exchange market is in operation twenty-four hours a day, seven


Comprehensive Textbook ofPsychiatry edited by Alfred M Freedman MD and Harold I Kaplan MD pp xxv+ 1666 illustrated £9 18s Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1967 Edinburgh & London: E& SLivingstone The rapid development of contemporary psychiatry both in its clinical and therapeutic applications, as well as in the basic biological and behavioural sciences from which it can expect to gain so much in the future, has made it an urgent matter to provide suitable and relevant texts for both the undergraduate and postgraduate student. The traditional standard works oriented towards the syndrome psychiatry of thirty years ago no longer suffice. The subject has developed both in its theoretical base and in its practical applications, and in diverse directions, so that it is no longer possible to provide a coherent account using a single model and a unified orientation. Psychiatry now depends increasingly upon the development of the sciences of behaviour, which are the concern of biologically oriented workers on the one hand and of psychologically and sociologically oriented workers on the other. Yet in neither field has a coherent and generally accepted body of knowledge appeared. The object of this massive volume is to chart out the field, to attempt to be comprehensive and to provide the student with guidance for his further studies. Nothing quite like this has been attempted before, for the editors have devised this book for both the undergraduate and the postgraduate student and have attempted a comprehensive account not only of clinical psychiatry and its subspecialties but also of the new knowledge of behavioural science which in their opinion 'is not to be viewed as a kind of intellectual veneer to cover the student's rough edges', but as a fundamental prerequisite of clinical competence. The book is divided into eleven areas of major study, each subdivided into chapters and these in turn into subsections, each with its author chosen for his original contributions to the subject and for his acknowledged expertise. As a result Freedman and Kaplan have been able to compile in one volume, with a comprehensive and a prestructured design, the unique contributions of over 170 authors, among them many of the most distinguished names in American psychiatry. The consequent massing of data, the varying orientation of different writers and the sustained eclecticism of the editors may bewilder the student whose objectivity and sophistication are not sufficiently developed and who looks as all students do for didactic teaching and clear direction. To aid him the editors provide a general statement of the status of a particular topic as an introduction to each main area of study and, at the end of each subsection of a chapter, a list of cross references to other parts of the book. Inevitably the contributions vary in quality and in the extent to which the authors have accepted the invitation to develop their own contributions 'in depth'. The reference lists to some sections could with great advantage have been substantially increased, and the reader feels the lack of an author index at the end of the volume. Nevertheless, this book provides under one cover a great range of information and opinion and will remain a source of reference for student and teacher alike which is not readily available elsewhere.


This thesis topic looked for showing land characteristics and zone resources that the route posses to the tourist. It was also aimed to show that the sites are appropriate to propose the cycle tourism implementation as an alternative to contribute to the tourist offer within the route: Valdivia – Sinchal – Barcelona – Loma Alta – Bambil Collao – Colonche – Barbascal – Palmar. The present investigation took place in each town that is part of the route. Moreover, their surroundings and the small town of Ayangue were also included in the study zone as to the analysis of the potential demand for the purpose of this study. The physiographic and the social and economic aspects are also described, as well as the physical conditions and the nature of potential difficulties for cycle crossing. With the information obtained we proceeded to develop the proposal which establishes the viability for cycle crossing implementation and the delimitation of the social and economic inputs on the sector. Those points would increase the tourist offer and - if applied- they will contribute to the rural development of the zone.


This paper gives a denition of earth system model and shows three development phases of it, including physical climate system model, earth climate system model, and earth system model, based on an investigation of climate system models in the world. It provides an expatiation on the strategic signicance of future development of earth system model, an introduction of some representative scientic research plans on development of earth system model home and abroad, and a review of its status and trends based on the models of the fourth assessment report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Some suggestions on future development of earth system model in China are given, which are expected to be helpful to advance the development.


PURPOSE: To reduce the deterioration of an OFF state leaked current, threshold voltage and an ON state current in a thin film transistor(TFT) in the case of driving the TFT by high drain bias voltage. CONSTITUTION: A drain 6 is formed on a part of an intermediate low doped layer 56 formed on a semiconductor thin film 2 forming a TFT channel as a high doped semiconductor electrode layer 56. The drain electrode 56 is laterally separated from the a transistor channel. A low doped electric field reducing area along an intermediate layer 55 is formed at least on a part of a position where an area A on the layer 55 which is not overlapped by the layer 56 and modulated by a gate 4 is laterally extended from the layer 56 to the gate 4 to have sufficient gap. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Poor landless families in Bangladesh typically see no need to educate their girls. Even where school fees are waived, exercise books, pencils, and school clothes cost money, and girls are especially needed to care for siblings and do other household chores. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), however, has found it possible to get girls to school by adapting education to the circumstances of poverty instead of requiring families and students to adjust to the conventional rules of primary school. The BRAC non-formal primary education (NFPE) program in five years has expanded to 12,000 centers serving 360,000 children in two programs of three-year duration each for 8-10 year olds and 11-14 year olds. Reflecting the policy of giving priority to girls, more than 70% of enrolled children are female. Almost all teachers are also female and typically young, married, from the neighborhood, and with 9-10 years of schooling. Each center is a thatch or tin-roofed hut accommodating thirty children managed by a village committee and a parent-teacher committee at a cost of US$18 per child per year. All learning materials are provided at the center for the three hours of courses six days per week set according to students' availability and convenience. The course for the younger children offers the equivalent of three years of primary education, while the course for the older children offers basic literacy and life skills. The success of the BRAC centers demonstrates how parents and children may respond when education is socially and culturally acceptable, affordable, and strives to meet parents' and child's expectations.


In this paper, we have calculated the entanglement degrees of a two-level atom in the one-dimensional photonic crystals heat reservoir, researched the effect of parameter q on the quantum entanglement degrees, and given the quantum entanglement degrees curves with time evolution. We have taken the parameter q=1, 2, 3.5 and 8.5. Our results show when the parameter q=2, keep the time of entanglement degrees near E=1 longest, it is helpful to quantum communication. Furthermore, we have designed the one-dimensional photonic crystals heat reservoir, which meet the parameter q=1, 2, 3.5 and 8.5. These can guide the fabrication of quantum devices based on photonic crystals.


To the Editor. —In the Editorial by Drs Denke and Winker, 1 there is the unfortunate implication that our article 2 from the New Haven, Conn, site of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) was published prematurely and should not have preceded a multicenter analysis. The comments reveal a misunderstanding of the nature of the EPESE collaboration and the special features of this observational study. Unlike many multicenter trials, the EPESE sites are a confederation of studies with distinct sampling designs and features. Although the EPESE was a collaboration contract program, individual sites had the option to publish results separately, where unique data were available. For this reason, single-site publications from EPESE far outnumber the pooled analyses. There are unique features of the New Haven site that led us to pursue our analysis separately. New Haven is the only site in which diagnoses of hospitalized acute


The IEEE has set up a Search Committee to seek a new General Manager, according to a recent announcement by Harold Chestnut, IEEE President for 1973, and Executive Director Donald G. Fink.


This research was conducted with the aim of obtained the physical – chemical parameter change water quality caused by the coagulant dose variant. Issues raised in this study is a variation of the added coagulant dose on each raw water samples with dose of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 ml. Raw water is obtained from Cendana Intake as much as 6 samples, and then the other raw water is obtained from Palaran Intake as much as 6 samples. Of each raw water sample obtained reported on the weather conditions, and ebb & flow river conditions at the time of data collect. Obtained data analyzed using anova test to find out the availability of influence resulting from coagulant dose variant : (a) Raw water turbidity parameter with a value F cal 33,61 and F table 1,82 (0,05), 2,32(0,01). Raw water color parameter with a value F cal 32,15 dan F table 1,82 (0,05), 2,32(0,01). Raw water pH parameter with a value F cal 260 dan F table 1,82 (0,05), 2,32(0,01). F cal value > F table value at all anova test for each parameter indicates that coagulant additions greatly affect turbidity and color parameters change derived raw water suitable standard PERMENKES/No.492/PER IV/2010 about drink water (turbidity 5 NTU and color 15 PtCo). While the addition of coagulant in the raw water will lower the pH of the water, up to add lime or soda ash to raise the pH. In total all raw water samples with turbidity 30 – 80 ppm each matching derived optimal dose distribution average as big 20 – 35 ppm.