We develop an analytic approach for reflection of light at a temporal boundary inside a dispersive medium and derive frequency-dependent expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients. Using the analytic results, we study the temporal reflection of an optical pulse and show that our results agree fully with a numerical approach used earlier. Our approach provides approximate analytic expressions for the electric fields of the reflected and transmitted pulses. Whereas the width of the transmitted pulse is modified, the reflected pulse is a mirrored version of the incident pulse. When a part of the incident spectrum lies in the region of total internal reflection, both the reflected and transmitted pulses are distorted considerably.


The purpose of this study is to find out a model to explain the process of students' science-related career choice by identifying the causal relationships between science career choice and related factors. Important factors of science-related career choice were identified through factor analysis. 'Perception about career related to science', 'preference for science learning' and 'participation in science related activity' were three main factors of science-related career choice. A questionnaire was developed to know the factors of students' science-related career choice, and so as to make it possible to be analysed by structural equation modeling. The subject were 947 grade 6, 9, and 11 students in Seoul. Numbers of boys and girls in each grade was almost same. According to the structural equation modeling, 4 corrected models were obtained. In all 4 corrected models, 'perception about career related to science' had direct influence, and 'preference for science learning' and 'participation in science related activity' had indirect influence on science-related career choice. In the most fitting model. 'perception about career related to science' had an effect on science-related career choice with standardized total effect coefficient 1.03(direct effect 0.82, indirect effect 0.21). 'Preference for science learning', which influence 'participation in science related activity', had an effect on science-related career choice with standardized indirect effect coefficient 0.65. 'Participation in science related activity', which influence 'perception about career related to science'. had an effect on science-related career choice with standardized indirect effect coefficient 0.79. The implication to school science education is that it is most effective to raise the 'perception about career related to science' in order to make more students choose science related career. It is also effective to have more students participate in science related activity and enhance the preference for science learning. To explain the process of science related career choice more fully, it is necessary to build a more comprehensive model containing more factors influencing science-related career choice. It is necessary to test and complement the structural equation model by enlarging the subject to science high school students and science related college students.


Airway smooth muscle responses to many inhaled substances have been shown to involve the parasympathetic nervous system. The purpose of this communication is to discuss this nervous regulation of airways, particularly as it relates to inhaled materials. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves innervate the airways, but only the parasympathetic system will be dealt with in the present discussion. The parasympathetic efferent nerve supply to the airways is via the vagus nerves. Vagal preganglionic fibers enter the lungs and terminate in ganglia located within the airways themselves.' Studies with acetylcholinesterase stains indicate a dense cholinergic innervation of bronchi in all species studied.2 The airways of dogs,3 cats,4 rabbits,6 and healthy humans are tonically constricted, and this tone is maintained by vagal efferent nervous activity. Thus, cutting the vagus nerves in animals or administration of atropine sulphate (a drug which blocks postganglionic cholinergic pathways) in healthy subjects results in dilation of the airways. When the vagus nerves are stimulated, constriction occurs from the trachea to large bronchioles; maximum constriction occurs in bronchi of intermediate size.' Since these airways are the sites of most of the resistance to airflow,* reflex bronchoconstriction causes marked changes in airflow resistance.@ Terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts are unaffected by reflex bronchoconstriction,J. so lung compliance is usually unchanged unless bronchoconstriction is severe.@ These findings are confirmed by histochemical studies which demonstrate the presence of acetylcholinesterase in bronchi and bronchioles but not in alveolar ducts or alveoli.? When one lung is removed from a dog and reimplanted, it is completely denervated and the airway smooth muscle does not respond to vagal stimulation.lo However, vagal reinnervation of bronchial smooth muscle occurs within three months. This rapid reinnervation can be explained by the fact that parasympathetic ganglia are located within the airways themselves. Thus, within the reimplanted lung, preganglionic fibers degenerate, but ganglia and undivided postganglionic fibers do not. Thus, regenerating preganglionic axons must reach ganglia that are located only a few centimeters from the line of division, so reinnervation occurs rapidly. This rapid reinnervation is one reason why surgical pulmonary vagal denervation is not likely to be an effective procedure. airway irritation,"-13 and histamine 1 ' 9 l5 constrict the airways reflexly by stimulating Various stimuli including hypercapnia, hypoxemia, hyp~tension,~.


The Mahalanobis distance feature proposed by P.C .Mahalanobis, an indian statistician. In this paper, we propose a new concept, Local Region Mahalanobis Distance feature –LRMD feature, we shall discuss the structure form, the obtaining methods of LRMD feature from an image and the relations between the LRMD feature and wearing and breakage states of cutting tools. The new research results indicate that the method of automatic on-line cutting tool condition monitoring based on LRMD feature can has better inspect result than the method of Mahalanobis Distance feature.


Legitimization of public policies must be highly regarded for it is very important in policy making process.Public policy's legitimization requests not only the relevant rules and regulations of the country be abided by in the public policy making process,but also the established public policies be recognized and accepted by the most of the citizens.Legitimization of public policies should be launched on from the following four aspects:smoothing the participation channel of public policy making;strengthening the transparency of public policy making;improving the proceeding of public policy making,and perfecting the public policy's supervision mechanism.


Technologies, designs, and software have developed over the last 50 years that have improved well multiphase flow-rate measurements of oil and gas/condensate wells tremendously.


Background: Abdominal hysterectomy is the most frequented way of hysterectomy in the world; today we have a lot of techniques for hysterectomy. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) versus Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) needs experience an assessment of the learning curve. Objective of the study was to determine the feasibility and safety of TLH and TAH.Methods: Total 100 women were taken for study. Operating time, estimated blood loss, operating complication and length of stay in hospital were noted for each patient. The success rates of TLH were more compared to TAH. The operating time estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy was directly proportional to size of uterus.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding age, body mass index (BMI), specimen weight, pre-operative hemoglobin (Hb) value and rates of the complications. The mean post-operative Hb value was significantly higher in group TLH than group TAH (11.3±0.7 gr/dl versus 10.6±1.6, p = 0.03). The mean time of operation was significantly longer in TLH than group TAH (105.4±22.9 minutes versus 74±18, p<0.001). The mean duration of hospital stay was statistically shorter in TLH compared to the TAH (2.47±0.5 days versus 4.86±1.1, p<0.001).Conclusions: Advantage of TLH over TAH are less blood loss, fewer wound infection and fever, smaller incisions, with less pain, shorter hospitalization time, speedier recovery.


The aim of this paper is to study a Lie conformal algebra of Block type. In this paper, conformal derivation, conformal module of rank 1 and low-dimensional comohology of the Lie conformal algebra of Block type are studied. Also, the vertex Poisson algebra structure associated with the Lie conformal algebra of Block type is constructed.


In the main, the value of rate-enhancement techniques in prostheses for people with severe speech disorders has been judged on the basis of simple measures such as rate of composition and keysaving. Comparative studies have not been conducted into long-term effects of the use of such systems. In addition the quality of the users' output can be as important as the quantity and the ease with which it can be produced. In this paper, long-term case studies of adults and children are discussed. Results show that a predictive word processing system can make valuable improvements to the quantity and quality of the written work of users with both physical impairments and spelling problems. In addition, some evidence has been found of the potential of orthographic predictive systems for assisting those with language disorders. It is argued that, in many clinical and educational situations, these effects can be more important than those indicated by simple measurements of rate enhancement and keysaving for such sys...


Bcrridge, MJ. (1993) Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling. Nature, 361,315-325. Berridge, MJ. (1994) Relationship between latency and period for 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced membrane responses in the Calliphora salivary gland. Biochem. J., 302, 545-550. Berridge, MJ. and Galionc, A. (1988) Cytosolic calcium oscillators. FASEBJ., 2, 3074-3082. Berridge, M J. and Dupont, G. (1994) Spatial and temporal signalling by calcium. Curr. Opin. Cell Bioi, 6, 267-274. Cheek, T.R., McGuinness, O.M., Vincent, C. et al. (1993) Fertilization and thimerosal stimulate similar calcium spiking patterns in mouse oocytes but by separate mechanisms. Development, 119, 179-189. Dupont, G., McGuinness, O.M., Johnson, M.H. et al. (19%) Phospholipase C in mouse oocytes: characterisation of ,p" and y isoforms and their possible involvement in sperm-induced Ca spiking. Biochem. J., 316,583-591. Rssore, R.A. and Robl, J.M. (1994) Mechanism of calcium oscillations in fertilized rabbit eggs. Devel. Biol, 166, 634-642. Friesen, W.O., Cheek, T.R., McGuinness, O.M. et al. (1995) Analysis of calcium fertilization transients in mouse oocytes. Methods Neurosci., 28, 388-423. Galione, A., Swann, K., Georgiou, P. and Whitaker, M. (1994) Regenerative and non-regenerative calcium transients in hamster eggs triggered by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. J. Physiol., 480,465-474. Giannini, G., Conn, A., Mammarella, S. et al. (1995) The ryanodine receptor/ calcium channel genes are widely and differentially expressed in murine brain and peripheral tissues. J. Cell Biol., 128, 893-904. Igusa, Y. and Miyazaki, S.I. (1983) Effects of altered extracellular and intracellular calcium-concentration on hyperpolarizing responses of the hamster egg. J. Physiol., 340, 611-632. Jones, K.T., Carroll, J. and Whittingham, D.G. (1995) Ionomycin, thapsigargin, ryanodine, and sperm induced Ca release increase dunng meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 6671-6677. Kline, J.T. and Kline, D. (1994) Regulation of intracellular calcium in the mouse egg: evidence for inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release, but not calcium-induced calcium release. Biol. Reprod., 50, 193-203. McGuinness, O.M., Moreton, R.B., Johnson, M.H. and Berridge, M J. (1996) A direct measurement of increased divalent cation influx in fertilized mouse oocytes. Development (in press). Miyazaki, S., Yuzaki, M., Nakada, K. et al. (1992) Block of Ca wave and Ca oscillation by antibody to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in fertilized hamster eggs. Science, 257, 251-255. Miyazaki, S., Shirakawa, H., Nakada, K. and Honda, Y. (1993) Essential role of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca release channel inCa waves and Ca oscillations at fertilization of mammalian eggs. Dev. Biol., 158, 62-78. Parrington, J., Swann, K., Shevchenko, V.I. et al. (1996) Calcium oscillations in mammalian eggs triggered by a soluble sperm protein. Nature, 379,364-368. Swann, K. (1992) Different triggers for calcium oscillations in mouse eggs involve a ryanodine-sensitive store. Biochem. J., 287,79-84. Takeshima, H., Yamazawa, T, Ikemoto, T. et al. (1995) Ca-induced Ca release in myocytes from dyspeptic mice lacking the type-1 ryanodine receptor. EMBO J., 14, 2999-3006. Tesarik, J. (1996) Mechanism of calcium oscillations in human oocytes: a twostore model. Mol. Hum. Reprod.. 2, 383-386. Yue, C.P., White, K.L., Reed, W.A. and Bunch, T.D. (1995) The existence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors in mature bovine oocytes. Development, 121,2645-2654.


Adenanthera pavonina L. is a woody leguminosous, native from tropical Asia. It's commonly used in recomposition programs of degradated areas, as an ornamental plant, and for wood production. In adition, it can be useful in pulmonary affections and chronic ophtalmic. Thus, the aim of this work was extent the knowledge about the biology of this species and for this purpose were avaliated the effects of several factors on the germination. For the germination experiments, the seeds were inicially scarified with sulfuric acid (20 min.) and after four replicates of 50 seeds in each Petri dishes, covered with paper filter moistened with test-solution. The experiments were observed each 24 hours, being considerated germinated the seeds that presented radicle ≥ 2mm longer and positive geotrophic curvature. A. pavonina did not present a hight tolerance to an induced water stress using PEG 6000, with maximal limit between -0,4 and -0,5MPa. About the salt effects in the germination, it was observed that the increase of osmotic potential of NaCl and CaCl 2 solutions promoved a reduction in the rate, germination percentage and informacional entropy. The extrem limit was between -1,2 and -1,4MPa, being considered a glicophyte moderately tolerant. The thermal stress of different intensities promoved a reduction in the rate and germination percentage of scarified, but not imbibed seeds. The scarified and imbibed seeds were more sensitive to the thermal stress.


This paper covers the development of a geothermal ceramic circuit board technology using 3D traces in a machinable ceramic. Test results showing the circuit board to be operational to at least 550°C. Discussion on producing this type of board is outlined along with areas needing improvement.


large numbers of their peers. Lifers exchanged law reports like other prisoners exchanged page threes. Life sentences always attract media attention but the Howard years were a particularly rich source of stories of political, legal and humanitarian interest. They include successful high-profile campaigns against unsafe convictions; appeals brought by women sentenced for killing violent partners; Myra Hindley's whole-life tariff; The Sun newspaper's influence in the Home Secretary's attempt to extend the tariffs of the boys who killed James Bulger and a series of European Court judgements which eroded unfairnesses and secrecy and extended the rights of lifers. These illustrate just some of the controversies, complexities and changes which make 'the groundrules of life sentences appear in constant flux'. Stone addresses them


During the cool rolling process of SUS301 stainless steel,the punctual flaws and cracks are offen observed.Intergranular corrosion cause the flaws.Increasing the temperature annealing during the cool rolling can avoid the flaws parcel on some extent.Buts electing the suitable whirling temperature is the primary method to prevent above defects.


Ethyl acetate has been employed as a solvent for extracting thallium(III) from its hydrochloric acid solutions. The empirical formula of the extracted metal entity has been found to be HTCl4. Optimum conditions for the extraction of the metal have been determined, and the effect of various factors, e.g., metal concentration, salting-out agents, and the dilution of the solvent, have been investigated. It has been possible to separate thallium(III) from aluminum(III), gallium(III) and indium-(III) by performing a batch-by-batch extraction at a 1.0 N hydrochloric acid concentration.1) The extracted species is an acid with an approximate formula of HTICl4, the distribution of the species between the two phases depends upon the concentration of the hydrochloric acid present in the system.2) The extracted species is ionic and may associate in the organic phase to from ion pairs, ion triplets and higher clusters. This is evident from the fact that an increase in the metal concentration causes an increase in the ...


An insulator is a DNA sequence that has both enhancer‐blocking activity, through its ability to modify the influence of neighboring cis‐acting elements, and a barrier function that protects a transgene from being silenced by surrounding chromatin. Previously, we isolated and characterized a 582‐bp‐long element from the sea urchin arylsulfatase gene (Ars). This Ars‐element was effective in sea urchin and Drosophila embryos and in plant cells. To investigate Ars‐element activity in mammalian cells, we placed the element between the cytomegalovirus enhancer and a luciferase (luc) expression cassette. In contrast to controls lacking the Ars‐element, NIH3T3 and 293T cells transfected with the element‐containing construct displayed reduced luciferase activities. The Ars‐element therefore acts as an enhancer‐blocking element in mammalian cells. We assessed the barrier activity of the Ars‐element using vectors in which a luc expression cassette was placed between two elements. Transfection experiments demonstrated that luc activity in these vectors was approximately ten‐fold higher than in vectors lacking elements. Luc activities were well maintained even after 12 weeks in culture. Our observations demonstrate that the Ars‐element has also a barrier activity. These results indicated that the Ars‐element act as an insulator in mammalian cells.


The aim of this work is to study the marine molusks of the Buenos Aires province and therefore the Argentina malacologycal province. This has been done by the revisión of the main collections of our country: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia and Museo de La Plata. 65 genera of G astropoda, 2 of Polyplacophora, 2 of Scaphopoda, 11 of Cephalopoda and 71 of P elecypoda are noted, waking a total of 286 species. In addition a list of Pteropoda is given. Of each species, its description, a synonymic list, its distribution and the specificacion of examined material is given. 26 plates illustrates 258 species. (* ) Profesor adjunto de Zoología Invertebrados I, Pac. Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. (* * ) Jefe de Trabajos Prácticos de Zoología Invertebrados I, Fac. Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 10 Anales C. I. C. Prov. de Buenos A ires A quick Identification es eased by the dichotomic keys at a generical and specific level. A glossary of strictly malacological terminology and a broad bibliography is included. Las siglas empleadas a lo largo del texto, correponde a: M. L. P. Museo La Plata y M. B. R. Museo Argentino Bernardino Rivadavia.


Many challenges of the 21st century (see the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN)2 require creative solutions. Creativity is, however, not yet sufficiently promoted at universities, thus an artistic reorientation in teaching and research is imperative. As early as 2006, at the UNESCO World Congress in Lisbon and again in 20103 in Seoul, there were calls to strengthen the role of the arts in education. Implementation of these recommendations has, however, been very limited thus far.


density is a combination of the potential for mechanical work, w, done by the change in pressure (P), and volume (V), and the chemical heat, q, released from burning the gas. For example, compressed air at 2,900 psi (~197 atm) has an energy density of 0.1 MJ/L calculated from PV and compressed methane (at 2,900 psi) has an energy density of 8.0 MJ/L calculated from the combination of PV and heat of combustion (Eq. 1). Estimate of Pressure Immediately After Ignition. Using the unpressurized channel volume of 1.0 mL, and our theoretically estimated temperature immediately after ignition of 2,800 o C, we calculated the maximum pressure, using the ideal gas law, to be ~1 MPa (~140 psi). Though this value is an overestimate (it does not take into account the channel volume expansion and the gas cooling, a complex calculation that is beyond the scope of this paper), we use it to illustrate the quick impulse of high pressure to use a passive valving system to control the flow of gas out of the channel after combustion and cooling.


The invention provides a method for preparing a melem/g-C3N4 composite material through thermal polymerization. The method comprises the following steps: 1) adding a source material of thermal polymerization, i.e., dicyanodiamide or melamine, into a high-temperature-resistant container with a gas outlet, heating a system to 380 to 530 DEG C and maintaining the temperature for 0.5 to 10 h so as to obtain a crude product; and 2) carrying out post-treatment by subjecting the crude product to grinding and centrifugal cleaning. The melem/g-C3N4 composite material prepared in the invention can adjust a band gap structure, reduce the probability of reduction in efficiency since a single C3N4 electron hole is prone to compounding, improve the separation efficiency of electron holes and enhance photocatalysis effect; and a prepared photocatalysis brick is extensively applicable to tunnels and building surfaces and to treatment of water pollution.


The cost of wheat is the largest input cost for a flour mill, and as a result, profitability in wheat flour milling is determined in large part by milling efficiency – i.e., the amount of flour extracted per unit of wheat milled. In this project the objective was to quantify the influence of several measurable variables on flour mill efficiency. Data was collected from two commercial milling units of similar size. Linear regression was then used to estimate the relationship between flour yield and variables measuring grain characteristics and environmental factors. The analysis suggests that increasing ambient temperature and the occurrence of downtime both have a significant negative effect on flour yield. A significant difference in flour yield efficiency was also found between the two mills.


Definition of individual bite force (BF) has been widely used in dentistry domain. In this study, a vivo sensory setup is introduced to simulate and analyze dental implant stress, in order to check out implant quality. Two different proposed sensors are introduced. First is a simple mechanical sensor for hard BF measurements. The second is a kind of new material compound suitable for flexible tactile sensor. It had been reported that excessive occlusal forces applied to the implant prostheses. The proposed biosensors reduce the number of patient's and dentist exposure to radiation and avoiding alteration of patient bites that may result in consequential malfunctions and side effects like bone loss, screw loosening, and mastication system failure.


The aim of this paper is to prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution for some types of fractional non-local problems, namely the non-linear non-local initial value problems for fractional Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. Also, the generalized Taylor expansion method is used to solve the non-local initial value problem that consists of the linear fractional Fredholm-Volterraintegro-differential equation together with the linear non-local initial condition with some illustrative examples.


Recent events such as the Volkswagen emissions scandal have reminded us that the private sector often break government regulations. But what about government agencies? In new research, that examines compliance with the Clean Air Act and Safe Drinking Water Act, David M. Konisky and Manuel P. Teodoro find that, facing higher compliance costs, government agencies are more likely than private firms to violate such regulations. They also argue that these agencies are less likely to be penalized by government for their infractions compared to private firms.


AbstractEven though nanofiber membranes have wide unique characteristics, such as high surface porosity, high flux ratios, and lower production costs, they still show some shortcomings in terms of irreversible clogging, large pore sizes, and nanofiber rupture during filtration. This paper addresses a study to overcome such limitations with simultaneous electrospinning technique. Two different types of nanofibers were collected on the same layer. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes have lower pore size than polysulfone (PSU) nanofiber membranes, while PSU component allowed easier toughening since it requires lower temperature for mechanical improvement against fiber rupture. As a result, pore size of simultaneous nanofiber membranes was provided by PAN (around 0.8 μm), whereas heat treatment at 185°C improved the strength of nanofiber membranes against rupture during filtration. Wastewater and surface water were filtered for filtration characterization. For both, removal rates were great. Thermal t...


The overwhelming impact of globalization has redefined and sophisticated the way and manner of communication and this relates not just politically, but also socially, economically and culturally. As a result, new media concept has emerged as a way of addressing these changes brought about by digitization and globalization. This paper looks at the idea of new media and its impact on political mobilization in Africa and Nigeria in particular. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that new media will continue to change the way and manner of communication and this will have far reaching implications not just on political socialization but also on mass mobilization.


Titanium alloys are treated as tough to machine materials. To remove the material from Titanium alloys inexpensively, the optimization of controllable machining parameters is very important. The experimental design methodology is used for the planning and conduct of experiments. Machining experiments are conducted with various cooling strategies like dry, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and flooded machining with dissimilar tool materials such as uncoated, Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) coated tools. In this study, experimental design with L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi's is used to perform the experimental tests. The results obtained from these experiments are used to build up the second-order multiple regression form with the input process parameters. The same model is applied as a fitness utility for Simulated Annealing (SA) to optimize the turning controllable process parameters for minimization of tool wear. SA results are contrasted with Taguchi's technique and validated with Regression Analysis. The optimum parameters obtained both in Simulated Annealing and Taguchi's methodology are the depth of cut at a moderate level, feed rate at a high level, MQL machining and uncoated tool.


Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma marginale, transmitted mainly by ticks in cattle herds around the world, in addition to transmission by hematophagous and iatrogenic insects. In this work, the objective was to describe an outbreak of anaplasmosis in six adult dairy cattle in the region of Ijuí-RS, showing success Ulsenheimer et al. 2 PUBVET Doi: 10.31533/pubvet.v14n5a574.1-6 in the clinical resolution for patients treated with enrofloxacin-based antimicrobial therapy. According to the anamnesis, the animals that had died on the property, had shown clinical signs such as: loss of appetite, jaundiced mucous membranes and on the other day the clinical condition worsened, until death. The animal seen in a veterinary consultation, showed the same clinical signs and the clinical examination, apathy, dehydration, pallor, jaundiced ocular, oral, nasal and vulvar mucous membranes, dehydration and hypersalivation. The main complaint for the consultation was the reluctance to eat, weight loss and decreased milk production, considering that the animal had already been treated for bovine parasitic sadness 2 days ago, with diminazene diaceturate and oxytetracycline. However, the diagnosis was confirmed by blood smear and the necropsy findings performed on another animal that died on the same property, with jaundiced mucous and serous, with an excessive increase in the size of the liver, spleen and gallbladder, as well as the presence of blood with an aqueous aspect and by the blood smear which resulted in the presence of bacteria of the genus Anaplasma. Antimicrobial therapy based on enrofloxacin associated with lactated ringer fluid therapy, blood transfusion, vitamins and organic modifier was instituted for the treatment of bovine patients. Due to other cases already reported in the region, it is believed that there are some strains of the bacteria Anaplasma marginale, which are resistant to oxytetracycline, thus, enrofloxacin appears as a new treatment alternative for dairy cattle with anaplasmosis, refractory to the use of oxytetracycline.


The soil pore space is defined by the relative arrangement of soil particles and aggregates, so that it is complementary to the solid phase. Consequently, both pore space and aggregates may be used for assessment and characterization of soil structure. Parameters are needed to recognize and monitor changes in pore size distributions caused by differences in soil management systems or by degradation of the structural stability. The objective of this work was to evaluate multifractal parameters from Hg injection porosimetry curves on the uppermost surface layer of two soils with contrasting structural stability and organic matter content, before and after simulated rainfall application.


Background: Although the elevation of circulating total serum homocysteine (tHcy) concentration in a fasting state is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease in adults, the levels in children in Nigeria are not known. Aim: The goals of this study were to describe the distribution of tHcy among a representative sample of children and adolescents in Jos, Nigeria, and to test for differences in tHcy among sex and age categories. Methods: The sampling scheme, which included persons aged 10 to 19 years, was a stratified, multistage probability design. This cross sectional study involved 182 school children drawn from secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria between January and July 2003. Fasting venous samples were collected and assayed for tHcy, Total protein and Albumin. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Result: The mean tHcy concentrations were 2.7 2.4 (95% CI 2.4–2.9), 3.5 3.2 (3.3–3.8) and 3.6 3.2 (3.3–4.1), 4.1 3.6 (4.0–4.4) mmol/ l for the girls and boys aged 10–14 and 15–19 years, respectively. Albumin levels correlate positively with plasma total homocysteine, tHcy (r1⁄4 0.45, P1⁄4 0.03). Conclusion: This study provided age-specific data regarding tHcy concentrations between 10–19 years population in Jos, Nigeria. The tHcy concentration increased as a function of age in both sexes.


The paper discuss the AC servo technology used in the area of packing machine, And compare it with traditional motor driving control system. Also the characteristic of the AC Servo technology control system is introduced.


A new standardized multimedia software framework with interface and control (Embedded Media Framework) is developed for the efficient connecting between various consumer applications such as digital TV, mobile phone, car AV and various hardware platforms. The Embedded Media Framework utilizes the new software architecture for realizing re-usability, portability, scalability concept. The experimental multimedia framework architecture is designed and evaluated with digital TV Live-Play, Media Content Playback evaluation system.


Changes in susceptibility to chilling injury of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MacF.) were found to vary directly with the growth activity of the trees. Exogenous growth regulators were applied to test the hypothesis that they may be involved in seasonal variations in susceptibility to chilling injury. Benzyladenine, gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applied postharvest and benzyladenine and 2,4-D applied preharvest significantly altered susceptibility to chilling injury although the direction and extent of the changes were neither consistent nor predictable.


The article deals with the actual problems of legal regulation of the conduct of operational-search measures by the internal affairs bodies. The author proposes to make amendments and additions to article 15 of the Law «On the operational-search activity» related to the basics of conducting operational-search activities. The article examines the current problems of legal regulation of the conduct of operational-search activities by the internal affairs bodies, in particular, the grounds in the Law «On operational-search activities» state that in the practice of operational-search activities, the possibility of performing the task of detecting crimes is somewhat limited. The author calls Article 15 of the Law «On Operational-Search Activity» «the reasons and grounds for conducting operational-search measures», in the text it is necessary to separately indicate the «reasons» and «grounds». Also in the first part,he proposed to introduce a clause «on the need to identify hidden (latent) crimes that are planned, prepared and committed»


In 1963, one of us reported that serum from schizophrenic patients, applied topically to the cerebral cortex of the rat, produced a large increase in the amplitude of the electrical response evoked in the cortex by cutaneous stimulation (German, 1963). This effect was not observed when serum from non-schizophrenic control subjects was used.


In this paper, we describe DATPLEX, an extensible design-aid tool for physical database design. DAT-PLEX adopts a layered approach where each layer improves over its input design; and is \extensible" in the sense that an additional layer can be \plugged" into the tool, or an existing layer can be removed from the tool. The current implementation comprises three layers that improve the logical schema through vertical partitioning, denormalization, and storage structure and index selection. A series of experiments were conducted to study the quality of designs generated by DATPLEX. The results show that DATPLEX can generate designs that lead to signiicant savings.


Due to the complex phase change and heat transfer processes, the mechanisms of cavitation bubble collapse near a rigid boundary are well recognized to be complicated. Based on a modified large-density ratio multi-relaxation-time pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann model, a single and a dual cavitation bubble collapse process near a rigid boundary with large-density and various viscosity ratios are simulated in the present study. Effects of density ratio, viscosity ratio, initial pressure difference, and distance between the cavitation bubble and wall on the cavitation process are studied. Furthermore, the evolution of maximum pressure, micro-jet velocity, lifetime, deformation index, and the first introduced total kinetic energy of cavitation bubbles are analyzed in the development of cavitation. Simulations show that the interaction mode of the bubbles and the distance between the rigid boundary and the lower bubble are key factors in determining the effect of aeration reduction. The study also shows that the proposed lattice Boltzmann pseudo-potential model is a robust and effective tool for studying the collapse of near-wall cavitation bubbles and has potential to predict the interaction of cavitation bubbles in the presence of complex boundaries. © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5142243., s


The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted navigation device and a navigation method for recognizing a main road and an auxiliary road, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle-mounted navigation. The navigation method comprises the following steps that a GPS receiver receives the current position detected through GPS position signals, map matching is carried out according to the received current position information, and when the main road and the auxiliary road exist in matched candidate roads and an entrance of the main road and the auxiliary road exist at the place ahead, vehicle steering recognition is carried out through a vehicle backing rear-view camera, in other words, the vehicle steering recognition function is started, and whether a vehicle needs to get in and get out of the main road or the auxiliary road can be judged from the time when vehicle leaves the current main road entrance and the current auxiliary road entrance till the time when recognition is stopped through a preset threshold. According to the vehicle-mounted navigation device, whether the vehicle needs to get in or get out of the main road or the auxiliary road can be judged according to the current position of the vehicle and the image extracted through the back rear-view camera, and therefore whether the vehicle is on the main road or the auxiliary road can be accurately recognized, a guarantee is provided for accuracy of navigation prompt, and the safety of vehicle driving is improved.


Solidarity is widely present in European Union legislation. Several primary law provisions reflect its articulation, simultaneously assuming it as a value, an objective and a principle. Article 80 TFEU provides that the principle of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility between Member States is the "guiding principle" of all common Union policies on border management, asylum, and immigration. Despite all this, solidarity has so far lacked a clear definition and meaning, appearing rather as an "amorphous concept". Indeed, political narrative recognises solidarity as "the glue that holds our Union together". However, in practice and as far as asylum is concerned, the conception according to which "solidarity must be given voluntarily, it must come from the heart, it cannot be forced" seems to prevail. By critically reviewing the relevant literature and the CJEU's jurisprudence, this paper pursues a twofold purpose: examining the doctrinal debates on the nature, scope and (abstract or binding) character of the solidarity principle; and gauging the role that the CJEU may be playing towards an effective solidarity, uncovering the constitutional bases that prevent from continuing to treat solidarity, in its multiple manifestations and policy areas, in particular that of asylum, as little less than the stone guest.
Received: 31 July 2022Accepted: 10 October 2022


This research note explores the extent to which the claims for the importance of emotional intelligence as a predictor of leadership potential are borne out. The paper reports the results of an exploratory study of a leadership development centre in which participants also completed an established measure of emotional intelligence – the EIQ Managerial. The sample comprised 40 senior managers working within the New Zealand Public Service (NZPS). The results provide some evidence to support the relationships between EI and leadership potential asserted from both a theoretical standpoint and from other studies of leadership performance. The limitations of sample size are clearly identified. The results do however, indicate that further research using both larger and more diverse samples may be warranted.


Evidence for an immunogenic allatotropic factor in the brain of Locusta migratoria is presented. Antibodies to brain material from mature females were raised in rabbits. In vivo injection of these antibodies into young locusts inhibited ovary development and resulted in hypertrophic as well as necrotic corpora allata. Antibodies to brains without neurosecretory material were not able to block allatotropic or gonadotropic activity.


Since implementation of reform and opening-up policy, China's teacher education has got significant success on policy design, legislation process, theory research, system reform, model innovation and teaching qualification system building. Teachers' educational background level has been increased. Teachers' professional ethics and teaching capacity has been constantly improved. Teacher group's structure on age, gender, subject, specialty and professional title has been significantly ameliorated. During this process, we got much historical experience and elicitation. We should persist in harmonizing about teacher educations' basic feature and guidance character, pedagogic trait and academic nature, subjectivity and openness, specialty and university nature, comprehensiveness and integration. We should explore development methods of Chinese characteristics for teacher education actively.


Two new coordination polymers [Cd(C5O5)(NH3)2]n
(1) and [AgNa(C5O5)(H2O)2]n
(2)
(C5O52−
= croconate dianion) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 is a one-dimensional coordination polymer of cadmium(II) bridging through the croconate dianion. In complex 1 each croconate chelates (O1 and O2) to a Cd centre, which is linked to another Cd centre by O1 through an oxo-bridge and the oxygen atom O5, neighbouring O1, binds to a third Cd centre and the remaining two oxygen atoms (O3 and O4) remain pendant. The 1D coordination polymer undergoes H-bonding interactions through N–H(NH3)⋯O (pendant of C5O5) resulting in a 3D supramolecular network. Compound 2 is a heterometallic (Ag,Na) 3D coordination polymer. Here the croconate dianions interweave the alternately aligned and layered –Na–(μ–H2O)2–Na–(μ–H2O)2– and –Ag–Ag–Ag– chains. Two croconates chelate one Ag atom and two such Ag atoms from two neighbouring layers are bridged through croconate (O1, O2) and one oxygen of each croconate remains pendant (O3). The oxygen atom (O2) from every croconate binds a Na atom via an oxo-bridge. These types of tridentate and tetradentate linkage of croconate in complexes 1 and 2 are unprecedented. The thermal studies of the complexes corroborate that the ammonia molecules in 1 and the water molecules in 2 are involved in coordination together with strong H- bonding interactions.


The aim of the paper is to analyse the development and the level of cost inflation pressures originating from the labour market in terms of the different levels of the Czech Republic. At first, we will mention several definitions of unit labour costs and the reasons for their examination and monitoring. Then we will select the concept of the nominal and real unit wage costs and data for the macro-level and mezzo-level in the Czech Republic. It is also evaluated the development of real unit wage costs indicator on individual levels of the Czech Republic and extent the wage inflation potential on them. Finally, we localize the first clues about the negative impact of wages on prices on the mezzo-level, which can be used for creating the prediction of the national economy in the near future.


The relation between apparent naturalness and phonetic identification was assessed in six perceptual tests. A seven‐step place‐of‐articulation series spanning [da] to [ga] was created with speech synthesis approximating the spectra of natural samples. The sensitivity of perceivers to this realization of a place contrast was assessed by estimating the cumulative d′ across the series in identification tests. Four variants of this series differing in apparent naturalness were produced by altering the synthesis source function while preserving the center frequency and bandwidth of the formants, and by replicating the gross spectrotemporal patterns with time‐varying sinusoids. In addition to calibrating perceivers' sensitivity to the place contrast over variation in naturalness, we conducted a naturalness tournament composed of items drawn from the five test series. A correlation of the findings of the naturalness tournament with the measures of phonetic sensitivity offers an index of the effect of variation i...


Robotic systems that are able to navigate autonomously in unstructured outdoor terrain have a large potential in a number of applications like planetary exploration or search and rescue scenarios. Localisation is usually performed through dead-reckoning with the help of visual means. The approach described in this paper uses only sensory information internal to the system to localize in a partially known environment. A model of the robot and sensory information on its configuration and orientation are used to match candidate contact points with an environment model. A particle filter implementation is developed, which uses this information together with the odometry to track the pose of the robot. The experiments conducted on a hybrid leg-wheel robot show that the approach is able to track the position of the robot within an average error of 0.5 m for test runs of up to 140 m distance travelled. One potential of this approach is to reduce the requirements on the visual parts when integrated into SLAM frameworks.


A new asymmetric approach to chiral beta-iodo Baylis-Hillman hydroxy esters was developed via a tandem asymmetric I-C/C-C formation reaction. The reaction was conveniently carried out by slow addition of diethylaluminum iodide into a mixture of aldehyde and alpha,beta-acetylenic menthyl ester in dichloromethane at -23 degrees C. Excellent geometric selectivity, promising diastereoselectivity and modest to high yields (up to 91%) were obtained.


A method for preparing a glass thin film photovoltaic device and packaging method, a display apparatus, the method for preparing a glass film comprising: forming a sacrificial layer on the base substrate; forming a thin film on a glass frit the sacrificial layer; curing the glass material film; and thereafter removing the sacrificial layer, to obtain a glass film. This method may obtain a glass film may exist independently, and the obtained glass film photovoltaic device facilitates the narrow frame design.


Suggests an alternative approach based on a proper competitive market spectrum valuation, containing no hint of an additional tax on monopoly rents, and incorporating a comparative assessment of bidders. Emphasizes innovation does not always go hand in hand with deep pockets.


We design ball screw series quickly based on program function and part family table of Pro/E Wildfire 4.0. We configure some parameters by use of program function and design a main sample piece of complex part as ball screw, nut, etc. We construct part library in family table to design simple part as ball bearing. The users can design all sorts of ball screw set with parameter valuation of main sample piece in order to make choice in part library.


The results obtained with the help of AHP and OARM based studies, reported in the previous chapter provided logical bases for comparing the 26 organizations under consideration in the view point of what can be related to agility. These two analyses were primarily in the category of empirical studies. As the outcome of these studies are largely dependent upon the input given by the personnel from the organizations. It was realized that there was scope for application of further analysis which may have its relevance to optimization. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Goal Programming (GP), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)....were identified suitable, and applied for further analyses. The results obtained using DEA (Charnes et al., 1978) clearly indicate where significant attention should be paid to realize the desired agility. Goal programming (Ignizio, 1976) method has been identified suitable to for optimization. We have also extended our studies to assess the agility of manufacturing supply chain (Second phase), the details of which is presented in the following sections.


The Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer (ECS) project is built around a Meiko Computing Surface, and offers a networked multi-user facility for academic, industrial and commercial applications. The authors describe first the background to the project, and the present status of funding, hardware and software. The facility has presently more than 100 registered users, the authors describe some of the applications which are in production or under development.


Every sector caters to people with different needs, requiring business owners to know as much as possible about their target audience, and make a concerted effort to not only meet, but also exceed their expectations. In this month's feature, four experienced clinic managers share the main things that they are looking for when hiring personnel for their business


Supplier selection is one of the most critical issues to be dealt by manufacturing firms in today's competitive environment. It is a multi-criteria decision making problem which involves both qualitative and quantitative factors. In order to select the best supplier, it is important to make a trade-off between these tangible and intangible factors which conflict with each other. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the suppliers in supply chain cycle using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method (TOPSIS). Factors such as product quality, facility, delivery time and price have been taken into consideration while evaluating the suppliers in this supplier selection process.


This paper reviews the use of an electro-optical tracking system and stereoscopy for robot guidance. Items affecting the the choice of technology are discussed. These include work volume, field of view, resolution and processing speed. A review is given of the advantages and disadvantages of various 3-D tracking methods such as conventional stereo vision, 3-D triangulation and laser radar. The second part of this paper describes a specific implementation of a tracking system using active targets (infrared LEDs) and position sensitive tracking devices. In particular, the optical components, detectors, hardware, algorithms and software are reviewed. Further observations are made on the problem of calibrating such a system to robot coordinate space. Lastly some findings on overall performance aspects such as reliability, accuracy and ease of integration of such a system are presented.


Disclosed herein a method of preparing 1,3-alkanediol from 3-hydroxy ester, comprising the following steps: i) Cu (OH) particles formed by adding a basic precipitant to an aqueous solution of a copper salt, followed by addition of gum colloidal silica, and aging the granules; ii) by treatment with H at 5 ~ 2000psig pressure at a temperature of 100 ~ 250 ℃ activated in the presence of a solvent of


The invention discloses a wind engine volute of Europe-type kitchen ventilator, which can adsorb wind via two surfaces. Wherein, the edge of front cover plate (1) is formed by a straight line (AB), several arcs (BC, CD, DE, EF, FG, GH), a straight line (GH), several arcs (HJ, JK) and straight lines (KL, LA); the edge of back cover plate (2) is formed by a straight line (A'B'), several arcs (B'C, C'D', D'E', E'F', F'G, G'H'), a straight line (GH'), several arcs (H'J', J'K') and straight lines (K'L', L'A'); the ratio between the radius of edge (JK) at the volute tongue of front cover plate (1) and the edge radius of edge (J'K') at the volute tongue of back cover plate (2) is 8-18.5. Compared to present technique, the invention has different curves at the edges of front and back cover plats, to control the separation of airflow when passes through the volute to confirm high efficiency, and reduce the rotary noise.


The invention provides a compound extract for tranquillization, infantile eclampsia resistance and digestion promotion, which comprises 5-95% of iridoid glycosides, 1-90% of saponins, 1-90% of terpenes, 1-90% of flavones and 1-90% of volatile oil.


The article discusses the possibility of application of project management principles to the process of online marketing in the Czech online competitive environment of accommodation facilities. The first part summarizes the basic principles of project management of major publications. Second part of the article introduces the reader to the topic of online marketing of accommodation facilities. A comprehensive model is showing various activities which were compiled by previous supporting research about online communication of accommodation facilities in the northern and eastern Bohemia. Last most important part of the article discusses the possibility of incorporating the principles of project management to the model shown. Proposed solution is finally potencialy applied to real accomodation facility.


This paper describes the construction of a far infrared vacuum spectrometer. A variable depth grating was used as a dispersive medium, and the mounting is of the Littrow type. The detecting element is Golay cell. The spectral range now available is from 200 to 1500 µ in wavelength. The results of performance test and the discussion on the variable depth grating are also presented.


This article on student mobility data in Europe has a double objective: First, it investigates which data on international mobility of students are being compiled and made available—and which are not—both at the international, the national, and the programme level. Second, it presents some of the student mobility data identified, and—based on an analysis of these data—it tries to depict a picture of the main trends in international student mobility into and out of 32 European countries. Next to analysing and presenting the availability and quality of data on international student mobility, the article also makes recommendations for the improvement of student mobility statistics both at the national and international levels.


The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of cash holdings on shareholder wealth in Pakistan. After probing panel data ranging from 2006 to 2014, the study provides evidence that the size of the firm (RSIZE) shows noteworthy positive correlation with cash holding, whereas Leverage and Close Cash Substitute (CCS) are negatively related to cash holding. The negative correlation of leverage with cash holding provides support to the "pecking-order theory" in that companies use cash funds to pay back obligations when they turn out to be outstanding. These results also contribute some backing to the trade off theory, especially to (Keynes, 1936) "precautionary motive" where companies stockpile more cash. This study also funds that excess cash holding has a positive relation with market capitalization, which means that excess cash holdings increase shareholder wealth. These results are contrary to the earlier studies and reflect that excess cash holding has an effect on shareholder wealth in Pakistan.


In this paper, a low complexity a posterior probability (APP) detector based on breadth-first tree search algorithm is purposed for coded interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) system. The proposed detector combines the principles of the M-algorithm with QR decomposition (QRD-M) to generate soft decision statistics in place of the full APP detector which has a high computational cost. We first demonstrate that an IFDMA system can be viewed as a MIMO system at the receiver and then derive the proposed detector. Simulated results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance of a system using the proposed QRD-M detector performs better than a system using frequency domain equalizer, especially for channels with greater diversity. Moreover, the simulated BER performance exhibits similar diversity order as the maximum channel diversity order.


Since estrogens have vital functions in the uterus but might also contribute to endometrial cancer, we sought to determine the in vitro effects of methyl‐piperidino‐pyrazole (MPP), raloxifene, and β‐estradiol on Ishikawa and RL‐95 endometrial cancer, and ovine luminal endometrial (oLE) cell lines and the in vivo effects of these compounds in the rodent uterus. MPP and raloxifene (1 nM) induced significant apoptosis in the endometrial cancer and oLE cell lines compared to β‐estradiol treated and control cells (P ≤ 0.0001–0.001). To determine the in vivo uterine effects of these compounds, ovariectomized wild‐type (WT) and estrogen receptor‐β knockout (ERβKO) mice were treated with 25, 50, 100, or 150 µg of each compound. Although raloxifene caused no significant increase in uterine weight, the presumptive ERα antagonist, MPP (25–150 µg) increased uterine weight, and cell proliferation significantly relative to vehicle control in WT and ERβKO mice (P ≤ 0.001). However, MPP did not increase uterine wet weight as effectively as β‐estradiol (P ≤ 0.0001), and administration of either 50 µg of MPP or raloxifene effectively reversed the positive effects of 50 and 100 µg β‐estradiol. Unexpectedly, in view of the in vitro studies, MPP and raloxifene treatment of ovariectomized mice did not induce apoptosis of the luminal epithelial cells but rather these compounds induced apoptosis of the underlying uterine stromal cells. These results demonstrate that MPP and raloxifene can exert apparently contrasting in vitro versus in vivo effects, and that they have mixed agonist/antagonist action on murine uterine ERα in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1034–1044, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:92–98. doi:10.1136/ard.2011.151712 92 Accepted 21 July 2011 Published Online First 21 August 2011 ABSTRACT Objective To defi ne the relationship between autoantigen citrullination and different peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Citrullinated autoantigens were identifi ed by immunoblotting control and ionomycin-activated human primary neutrophil lysate with RA sera. Autoantigen identity and citrullination sites were defi ned by mass spectrometry. PAD isoenzyme expression in human neutrophils was determined by immunoblotting. PAD substrate specifi city was addressed in HL-60 cell lysates co-incubated with human recombinant PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4. Results Although prominent protein citrullination is observed in ionomycin-activated neutrophils, RA sera only recognised a limited number of these citrullinated molecules. Among these, the authors identifi ed that β and γ-actins are citrullinated on at least 10 arginine residues, generating a novel 47 kDa species that is frequently recognised by RA autoantibodies. Interestingly, the authors showed that the PAD enzymes expressed in human neutrophils (ie, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4) have unique substrate specifi cities, independent of their subcellular distribution. Thus, only PAD2 was able to citrullinate native β/γ-actin, while histone H3 was only citrullinated by PAD4. Conclusion These studies identifi ed β and γ-actins as novel citrullinated autoantigens in RA, allowing enzyme specifi city against intracellular substrates to be addressed. The studies provide evidence that PAD enzymes have the intrinsic capacity to select unique protein targets. The authors propose that unique PAD specifi city may play a role in autoantigen selection in RA.


Introduction The term "information literacy" denotes a set of abilities necessary to recognize an information need and to locate, evaluate, and use information adequately. In formal as well as informal educational contexts, information literacy is assumed to be an essential prerequisite of self-regulated learning and to promote academic achievements. However, only a few standardized objective tests assessing these competencies have been published. Many studies evaluating information literacy rely on self-report questionnaires which have not been validated. Objectives Evidence for the reliability and validity of the Information Literacy Test for Psychology (ILT-P), a multiple-choice test that assesses declarative information literacy knowledge in the domain of psychology is presented. Design/Methodology The ILT-P consists of 35 multiple-choice items (most of them with three options, 0 to 3 options being correct) referring to searching and evaluating scholarly publications. The test was administered in four studies (Study 1: N = 82 psychology students, Study 2: N = 139 psychology students, Study 3: N = 141 educational students; Study 4: N = 101 educational students) together with other measures of information literacy. Results The ILT-P demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach's Alpha, Guttman's Lambda 6) in all studies. Regarding validity, moderate to high correlations were found with a) a test of academic information-seeking skills in psychology, and b) two types of standardized scholarly information search tasks. In addition, ILT-P scores are associated with study year (as a proxy of academic information searching expertise), and psychology students outperform educational students on the test. Finally, there is a positive correlation between ILT-P scores and psychology students' grade point average. Conclusions It is concluded that the ILT-P is a reliable and valid test of scholarly information literacy in the domain of psychology. Thus, the test constitutes a useful assessment tool for research on information literacy in higher education.


The invention discloses an Ethernet network standby power supply module, a device and a system, and relates to the technical field of power supply devices and systems. The standby power supply module comprises a power supply monitoring and display module, a battery and protection circuit module, and a power output voltage-stabilizing and voltage-boosting module, wherein the power supply monitoring and display module is used for monitoring inputted power supply, displaying the working state of the power supply and the value of the inputted power supply, and carrying out charging or discharging control on the battery; the battery and protection circuit module is used for receiving the power supply outputted by the power supply monitoring and display module and the battery carries out charging or discharging; and the power output voltage-stabilizing and voltage-boosting module is used for receiving the power supply outputted by the power supply monitoring and display module or the battery and protection circuit module and outputting the power supply after voltage-stabilizing and voltage-boosting processing to the module in need of power supply. As the standby power supply module is used and a POE (Power Over Ethernet) separator or a POE injector is configured, uninterrupted power supply can be provided for the IP equipment or the POE equipment in the Ethernet network, and running stability of the equipment is improved.


Introduction. The study aims to gather information on level of work load among the women public health workers and factors associated with this in five districts of Kerala (Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Malappuram and Wayanad). In the recent past, the occupational hazards of the nurses become a topic of interest. An increasing number of nurses are suffering back injuries on the job from lifting and moving patients. An Australia study found work and age related factors increase difficulties lead to perceived workload(Fragar and Depczynski 2011). Philibin et.al. study in Ireland on public health nurses' role in changing society emphasized the need for defining and redesigning their role for better community service. Methodology:Primary data collection among the public health nurses (including staff nurses from CHCs) was done among 1238 respondents. In addition, Time and work study in selected work places (PHCs and SCs) and Qualitative studies also been done from the field area. The respondents include, Junior Public Health Nurses (JPHN), Junior Health Inspector (JHI), Staff nurses, Lady Health Inspectors (JHI) and Lady Health Supervisors (LHS). Findings: The workload had three important components, role overload, role stagnation and role distance. The prevalence of role overload among the public health nurses was 75.26%(95% CI*: 72.78, 77.59). While the prevalence of role stagnation was 55.62%(95% CI*: 52.84,58.37) and the prevalence of self role distance was 12.04% (95% CI*: 10.34,13.97). The role stagnation decreases with age (Chisquare test for trend p=0.004). The Role over load is higher among women and the role stagnation and self role distance are higher among men. There is an increasing workload for those who disagree that the training helped in upgrading skills and knowledge. Conclusion: The workload of the public health nurses is related to their, salary, doing additional duties such as managing funds, attending meetings, maintaining records and so on. All these affect their routine health delivery such as immunisation, special clinics, Mother and Child care, Adolescent care, communicable and non-communicable disease control and sanitation.


Background: Effect of maternal obesity on metabolically important human placental growth hormone (CS and GH-V) gene expression has not been studied. Results: CS, GH-V, and C/EBPβ, a factor that binds CS-related enhancer chromatin, are decreased by maternal obesity. Conclusion: C/EBPβ is a target for maternal obesity that negatively affects placental CS/GH-V gene expression. Significance: Genes regulated by C/EBPβ, a placenta development factor, are targeted in pregnancies complicated by obesity. Human chorionic somatomammotropin (CS) and placental growth hormone variant (GH-V) act as metabolic adaptors in response to maternal insulin resistance, which occurs in "normal" pregnancy. Maternal obesity can exacerbate this "resistance," suggesting that CS, GH-V, or transcription factors that regulate their production might be targets. The human CS genes, hCS-A and hCS-B, flank the GH-V gene. A significant decrease in pre-term placental CS/GH-V RNA levels was observed in transgenic mice containing the CS/GH-V genes in a model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced maternal obesity. Similarly, a decrease in CS/GH-V RNA levels was detected in term placentas from obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) versus lean (BMI 20–25 kg/m2) women. A specific decrease in transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) RNA levels was also seen with obesity; C/EBPβ is required for mouse placenta development and is expressed, like CS and GH-V, in syncytiotrophoblasts. Binding of C/EBPβ to the CS gene downstream enhancer regions, which by virtue of their position distally flank the GH-V gene, was reduced in placenta chromatin from mice on a HFD and in obese women; a corresponding decrease in RNA polymerase II associated with CS/GH-V promoters was also observed. Detection of decreased endogenous CS/GH-V RNA levels in human placental tumor cells treated with C/EBPβ siRNA is consistent with a direct effect. These data provide evidence for CS/GH-V dysregulation in acute HFD-induced obesity in mouse pregnancy and chronic obesity in human pregnancy and implicate C/EBPβ, a factor associated with CS regulation and placental development.


This paper presents a new method that integrates tabu search, simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and backpropagation in both a pruning and constructive manner. The approach obtained promising results in the simultaneous optimization of an artificial neural network architecture and weights. With the proposed method, we investigate four cost functions for global optimization methods: the average method, weight-decay, multi-objective optimization and combined multiobjective/weight-decay. The experiments are performed in four classifications and one prediction problem.


Based on an investigation of Shanxi Province entomogenous fungus resources, 47 fungus isolates belonging to Aspergillus were isolated and cultured by the author, in which four species had been identified ,they are as follows: A. flavus Link, A.niger van Tieghem, A.candidus Link, A.penicilloides Speg.Their morphologic characteristics are described in detail.All isolates are deposited in the Mycology Herbarium of Shanxi Agricultural University.


A two-dimensional model is built and used to study thermo-solutal (double diffusive) convection generated during the solidification of a binary mixture in a rectangular enclosure cooled from bottom and side walls. In order to catch the smallest solute plumes scale the solidification model simulates directly the envelope of the columnar dendrites with a cellular automaton model. The mushy interior of the dendrite is modelled with a volume averaging method. The model predicts the occurrence of several flow regimes during solidification, such as turbulent, stratified and meandering flows. As a result or origin of the two dimensional meandering flow pattern, the concentration field is found to be organised in horizontal layers of uniform concentration. Those layers are separated by very thin boundary layers so that the concentration varies vertically in staircases.


A study performed for the State of Maryland Department of Transportation, SHA, for utilizing proven nondestructive testing techniques to monitor the performance of concrete bridges as a methodology of their routine periodic inspection and evaluation, identified two types of evaluations: global evaluation and local evaluation. The paper presents an analysis of the local evaluation aspect, i.e., the material integrity. The most practical and feasible technique in the determination of material integrity was found to be the Impact Echo method, which is based on emitting a signal at a point in a bridge's element and picking it up at another point. Experimental as well as numerical analysis of the response of concrete elements to such signals for both sound and artificially flawed concrete elements are presented. The methodology of the determination of the size and location of internal flaws in concrete elements is also presented. The method can thus enable the determination of physical properties and physical defects of the main bridge elements and any degradation that occurs during the bridge's life.


Using electoral and survey data, this article explores the degree to which "traditionalism" accurately describes the political agenda in the Atlantic region. The authors find that the region is less traditional than often assumed, although electoral politics continues to be dominated by the Liberal and Conservative parties and religious beliefs remain stronger than in other regions in the country. On questions of women's equality and moral traditionalism, however, the region appears decidedly average in its attitudes.


According to Marxist viewpoint,the evolution of social system along the way of justice is a historical process of development.Based on humanbeing's historical practice,justice aims at humanbeing's freedom and equality,and developes unceasingly.The development of justice requires us to reform the social system correspondingly.Humans are realistic unities of oneness and otherness,accordingly justice can be divided into justice-based-on-oneness and justice-based-on-otherness.The two kinds of justice coexist in the evolution of human societies,they function together pushing social system forward.The generation and movements of justice-based-on-oneness and justice-based-on-otherness are the inherent motive power which propels societies developing harmoniously.


The proliferation of high performance workstations and the emergence of high speed networks have attracted a lot of interest in high performance distributed computing (HPDC). We project that HPDC environments with supercomputing capabilities will be available in the not-so-distant future. However a number of hardware and software issues have to be resolved before the full potential of these HPDC environments can be exploited. The presented research has the following objectives: (1) to characterize the message-passing primitives used in parallel and distributed computing; (2) to develop a communication protocol that supports HPDC; and (3) to develop architectural support for HPDC over gigabit networks. The performance of two applications, the LU factorization of dense matrices and the calculation of FFT, on two platforms, the iPSC/860 supercomputer and on a cluster of general-purpose workstations, is used to identify the limitations of current network-based computing environments and to show that if the limitations are overcome, these environments can provide comparable performance to that ooered by expensive supercomputers.


Bromite, BrO2−, in aqueous carbonate or borate buffers (pH 9–11), reacts rapidly with H3AsO3, with the tartrate complex of Sb(III), and with the EDTA complexes of Sn(II) and U(IV). Each reaction yields Br−, even when BrO2− is taken in excess. Reaction rates with Sb(III) and Sn(II) are independent of pH, but the acidity pattern observed with As(III) points to competing bimolecular reductions by H2AsO3− and H3AsO3 having specific rates 3.4 and 1.2 M−1 s−1 (25°C, μ = 0.5M). Reduction by U(IV) is strongly inhibited by carbonate; data for carbonate buffers are in accord with the operation of two contributing reaction paths (specific rates 0.45 and 6.3 M−1 s−1) with the activated complex for the slower featuring one more carbonate than that for the rapid. Reactions of BrO2− with single electron reductants, or with reagents that can undergo both 1e and 2e changes, are generally complicated by variable induction periods, inhibition by O2, catalyzed decomposition of BrO2−, or combinations of these. The much smoother reductions by 2e− reagents must pass through OBr−, which reacts much more rapidly than BrO2− in each case. An inner-sphere path, operating through an oxygen-bridged transition state and culminating in oxygen atom transfer, is proposed for the 2e reductants. Hypophosphite, despite its highly negative formal potential, is not oxidized by BrO2− under our conditions. Here it is likely that the substitution-inert character of the coordinatively saturated P(I) center rules out formation of the precursor required for redox.


The Huaihe river has inspired poets for many years, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960-1127), the Southern Song Dynasty (AD1127-1279), and the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1271-1368). The poetry of Huaihe river was, however, changed dramatically between the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. In this essay, I discuss the reasons why this happened from the social and historical points of view. My opinion is that the poetry of the Huaihe river in the Southern Song Dynasty is made from the patriotic sentiment of poets.The early poetry of the Huaihe river had been established by the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. It was often described as a favorite object of scenery that liberates the spirit of poets from the bustle and wiles of the city. However, the Northern Song Dynasty was invaded by the Jin Dynasty in 1127 (the conflict of Jingkang) and forced to lose its northern territory beyond the Huaihe river. Since then and until the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, the Huaihe river had been just a military border that not only protected against hostile neighbors but also sorrowfully separated their own country into halves. Thus, the poetry of the Huaihe river in the Southern Song Dynasty became a symbolic object of scenery that continually forced poets to feel tension and humiliation.I would like to point out that the poetry of the Huaihe river in the Southern Song Dynasty was also affected by the professional mentality of so-called poets. In the Northern Song Dynasty, many bureaucrats traveling north or south across the Huaihe river on duty must have played on a boat in this great river and enjoyed the spectacular scenery of surrounding mountains. Thus, the poetry of Huaihe river made by such beurocratic poets must be glorious, spectacular, gorgeous and relieving. In the South Song Dynasty, however, reflecting its military tension, only professional soldiers or military officers could visit there as local governors, none of whom was recognized as a poet by later generations. For these people, the Huaihe river was just a military object but not a favorite object of scenery. In such circumstances, only civil officers who sent off or met an envoi for or from Jin in the border could cross the river and approach the north shore.In Chapter 3, I introduce some examples of bureaucratic poets who came to visit Jin and summarize how they feel the poetry of the Huaihe river. I noticed that these poets are free from the tension and always feel relaxed, but have a different sense of freedom from that felt by poets in the Northern Song period.In Chapter 4, I introduce Yang Wanli, an envoi attendant who created the largest number of poems on the Huaihe river, and discuss why he did not compose poems on the devotion to his country or patriotism, which were typically seen with Lu You.In Chapters 5 and 6, I discuss how civilian poets (or non-bureaucratic poets) composed the poems on the Huaihe river. In Chapter 5, I consider three poets, Jiang Kui, Liu Guo, and Dai Fugu, and discuss why they went on a journey to the Huaihe River. In Chapter 6, I discuss the poems composed by other civilian poets, which were distinct from those made by bureaucratic poets.In Chapter 7, I mainly discuss the poetry of Huaihe river in the late Son Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, introducing the poems by Wang Yuanling, Li Tingrui and Yin Tinggao, because the role of the Huaihe river as a frontier fort was terminated with the unification of the Yuan Dynasty.The Huaihe river may be considered as a mirror that most symbolically reflects the reality of the Southern Song Dynasty. The poetry of Huaihe river in this era includes negative feelings such as resentment, excitement, grief, sorrow and resignation. All such emotions were repeatedly composed as poems throughout the 150 years of the Southern Song Dynasty. Furthermore, similar poetry was often conveyed to poets who crossed the Huaihe river even after the unification of the Yuan Dynasty.


A new approach to data management consisting of spacecraft and data/information autonomy and its impact on frequency control requirements is presented. An autonomous spacecraft is capable of functioning without external intervention for up to 72 hr by enabling the sensors to make observations, maintaining its health and safety, and by using logical safety modes when anomalies occur. Data/information are made autonomous by associating all relevant ancillary data such as time, position, attitude, and sensor identification with the data/information record of an event onboard the spacecraft. This record is so constructed that the record of the event can be physically identified in a complete and self-contained record that is independent of all other data. All data within a packet will be time tagged to the needed accuracy, and the time markings from packet to packet will be coherent to a UTC time scale.


Provided are a novel nanoparticle label that is excellent in bioadhesiveness, being capable of easily detecting biosubstances, has a high purity and is physically stable, a diagnosis kit based on nanoparticle labels, and a diagnosis method using the same. The diagnosis method using nanoparticle labels comprises the steps of: selecting a biosubstance to be diagnosed (diagnosis target biosubstance)(S2100); selecting a specific bioadhesive substance to the diagnosis target biosubstance(S2200); forming a nanoparticle-biosubstance complex(S2300); reacting the nanoparticle-biosubstance complex with a diagnosis sample(S2400); isolating and identifying the nanoparticle-biosubstance complex being specifically bonded with the diagnosis target biosubstance(S2500); separating the nanoparticle(S2600) by dissolving the isolated complex in a nitric acid solution; measuring a current peak of the nanoparticle(S2700); estimating the corresponding nanoparticle based on the analysis of the current peak thereof(S2800); and estimating the biosubstance bonded nanoparticle(S2900).


: Many protocols have been designed for routing the packets from a source to destination. In Ad hoc on-demand routing protocol (AODV) the routing table maintains only one route to the specified node. The route is rediscovered by the source node when the earlier route fails. This paper aims to study the characteristics of Ad hoc networks and employ formal methods to model, investigate and analyze the routing protocol. The Z notation is used as a formal technique because of its abstract properties. In the proposed approach, it is specified how a source node can request for a route to the destination in AODV routing protocol. It is investigated how formal methods can be applied to the route discovery process in the AODV routing protocol. Finally, the formal specification is analyzed and validated using Z Eves tool. notation,


A summary of El Paso Natural Gas Company's operating experience covering design and operating problems encountered during the period between September, 1952, to January, 1956. Some discussion on operating and maintenance costs is also offered.Copyright © 1956 by ASME


A substantial body of evidence suggests that allogeneic blood transfusion increases the rate of recurrence of resected malignancies. The present study was conducted with the aim of understanding better the clinical characteristics of recurrent esophageal cancer and determining whether any survival advantage is conferred by transfusing autologous instead of allogeneic blood during the esophagectomy for the original malignancy.


The historical development of the Mandatory Oil Import Quota Program is reviewed, and the manner in which it functions is described. Several analyses made during and shortly after the Cabinet Task Force Report are reviewed, and these are updated to reflect changing market conditions. Finally, the equity and efficiency aspects of the program are analyzed in the context of its objectives, and alternative means of achieving those objectives are considered. (MCW)


The present invention as the main ingredient a seaweed, and soy protein source protein, relates to functional containing fucoidan extract was improved zero tasty fruit extract and bioactive component seaweed jelly, and a method of manufacture, the functional seaweed staying source of protein according to the invention a soy protein may contribute to balance public health improvement through the diet because that by containing fucoidan extract fruit extract to improve agent and bioactive ingredients taste, it can consume a variety of nutrients and bioactive substances. Seaweed, jelly, soy protein, fruit extract, Fucoidan


The interaction of hydroxyalkylsulfamates with aromatic diisocyanates leads to poly(urethanes) with sulfamate fragments, possessing antistatic properties. It is shown that the presence of transition metal sulfamate fragments in PU decreases the bulk electric resistance by 3-6 orders of magnitude. The fragments of alkali metal sulfamates produce a more pronounced effect on the surface electric resistance of PU, decreasing this parameter by 4-5 orders of magnitude.


A distance-learning package that will enable new entrants to teaching to train on the job is being backed by the UK Department of Education and Science (DES) by a £0.25m contract. The development is in tune with what seems to be an increasingly popular belief in government circles that it is not necessary to be equipped with a teaching qualification to enter the classroom.


Gallbladder polyps are elevations in the gallbladder wall which project into the lumen. These can be either true polyps or "pseudopolyps" (such as cholesterol or inflammatory deposits or focal adenomyomatosis). Polyp prevalence has been estimated as high as 9.5% in some studies, of which 70% may be pseudopolyps. A small minority of true polyps may display malignant potential. Gallbladder malignancy is aggressive, especially when diagnosed at later stages of disease with poor treatment options and survival outcomes. However, Stage I disease has excellent 5 year survival rates, nearing 100%. Early identification of patients at risk of gallbladder malignancy is highly important and may detect curable disease. Joint guidelines between the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES), International Society of Digestive Surgery – European Federation (EFISDS) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) have outlined best practice in regards to management of gallbladder polyps. This audit compared the current practice in a NHS healthcare trust against these guidelines in order to develop trust-wide consensus and guidelines for future management.

 A PACS based radiology search was conducted, identifying all patients who underwent an ultrasound between 10th December 2020 and 10th December 2021, whose imaging report used the term "gallbladder polyp(s)" within a hospital trust. Patients without a diagnosis of gallbladder polyp were excluded from the audit. Historical patient records were accessed via the trust-based online patient database (Clinical Portal). Data were collected and analysed using Microsoft excel.
 Patient management was compared against the following ESGAR/EAES/EFISDS/ESGE guidelines:

 A total of fifty six patients fit the inclusion criteria, with an age range of 8 to 96 years. The majority were female (63%). Polyp size ranged from <2mm to 14mm. Patients were predominantly managed by Upper GI surgery, gastroenterology and general practice with the Radiology department performing and reporting ultrasounds and advising management or follow up. Results showed that 86% of patients were appropriately offered surgery for polyps ≥ 10mm. However, 40% of patients with polyps >5mm with risk factors, were not offered cholecystectomy and 44% of those without risk factors were not offered appropriate follow up. The majority of patients with polyps ≤ 5mm with risk factors were not offered ultrasound surveillance. All patients without risk factors with polyps ≤ 5mm were appropriately managed.

 Key findings suggest discrepancies in the management of patients with gallbladder polyps in a NHS Trust. In particular, patients with risk factors and polyps between 6–9mm were not always identified as requiring operative management. Likewise, over half of those without risk factors were not offered surveillance imaging. Poor management and lack of follow up may put patients at risk. The results of this audit demonstrate the need for unified local or national guidelines concerning management of gallbladder polyps and consensus across multiple disciplines.


This paper is my rejoinder to a symposium in Dialogues in Human Geography on my book, Challenging Governance Theory: From Networks to Hegemony. The symposium includes contributions from Ismael Blanco, Maarten Loopmans, Mike Raco and Carlo Salone. The symposium reflects further on the place of networks in governance theory and the contribution of Gramscian thought to understanding contemporary governance.


This research analyzes the functions of university think-tanks from the perspective of the Chinese government, in particular their role in generating knowledge for governmental decision-making. It also reveals the achievements and problems of the development model of Chinese university think-tanks. Methodologically, this study relies on analysis and interpretation of the key policy documents of the Chinese government, the public information of some university think-tanks and the research results and data of professional think-tank research institutions. The study found that the Chinese government is trying to incorporate university think-tanks into the «Holistic Knowledge» production link and thus turn them into professional decision-making knowledge supply institutions. As a result, Chinese university think-tanks will perform the role of t bridges between academic knowledge production and generation of knowledge for the government's decision-making, ensuring the necessary flexibility between these two processes. However, the drawback of such policy is that it limits the autonomy of university think-tanks and their social influence.


Information on landscape character and anthropogenic activity is necessary to develop conservation strategy, especially for mud clam (Polymesoda erosa) sustainability harvesting. The purpose of this study is to identify the landscape character and anthropogenic activity that influence mud clam conservation strategy in the coast of Tabanio Village, Takisung Sub-District in Tanah Laut Regency. The research discovered seven types of landscape in the coastal area of Tabanio namely human settlements, rice fields, plantations, cemetery abandoned land, offices, and other public infrastructures. Landscape, landscaping, abandoned land and settlements provide the largest contribution (96 %t) in the formation of coastal characters. Related to changes in landscape structure, environmental pollution activity in the form of waste disposal to the landscape is the most frequent activity (91.4 %) related to changes in landscape structure. Destructing collecting, cutting down  and destroying plants and animals in and from the region (87.7%) are the most frequent anthropogenic activities related to the conservation of mud clam in the coast of Tabanio Village. The landscape zonation consists of four i.e : recreation zone, mangrove forest zone, economic zone and distribution zone. The position of each zone tends to clump primarily for the economic zone behind the recreation zone. The core zone  of the landscape design at Tabanio Coast , Takisung District is concentrated in the recreation zone which functions as a meeting place for various communities (fishermen, traders and visitors) and the government workers (village officials and TNI-Polri). Furthermore, the recreation zone also facilitates activities that support coastal economy and tourism. Community assistance programs are required to build the capacity of fishermen and farmers as an effort to achieve a successful mud clam conservation and management in Tabanio Village, Takisung District.


Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) operation above based speed is typically achieved by injecting negative d-axis current to produce flux weakening. However, this increases permanent magnet (PM) losses, reducing therefore the machine efficiency. Previous studies have reported that PM loss increase in flux weakening operation is due to the increase of the airgap flux harmonic content. These studies however did not consider PM properties variation with the MS due to magnetoresistive effect, which can also contribute to PM loss increase. This paper analyzes the variation of PM losses with the MS and flux weakening current. The impact of MS on the thermal behavior of the machine is also studied1.


Most existing temperature field calculation programs have relative defects. In the present paper, based on merits of ANSYS platform, a temperature field calculation program of mass concrete structure is developed and demonstrated. According to actual pouring progress and thermodynamic parameters, a roller-compacted concrete dam is simulated. The difference of maximum temperature between calculated and measured values of measuring points is less than 1.8°C. Furthermore, the relative difference is -5%–5%. This result shows that the calculation program developed based on ANSYS platform can simulate and calculate the temperature field of mass concrete structure.


The language of the Hutchins Commission report, A Free and Responsible Press, written in 1947, is sexist. The language flaws the report, but certainly does not destroy its value. Language must be separated from content, such as in Plato's and Kant's writings. Although the Hutchins Commission uses unfortunate language, its message goes beyond mere toleration to a supererogatory duty: The ideal of the marketplace of ideas shall be made concrete. Just as Plato's vision of women ruling in equal numbers has yet to become reality and just as Kant's ethical vision of every human's liberation from mistreatment has yet to be realized, the Hutchins Commission's call for a chorus of voices remains unfilled. The call has been echoed and in some case intensified, such as in Carol Gilligan's work on the voices of women. But the goals remain undiminished beacons that remind us—educators as well as the media—that we still have much work ahead in order to achieve inclusiveness.


Evaluation of agricultural investment climate has essential reference value for site selection, operation and risk management of agricultural outward foreign direct investment projects. This study builds a back propagation neural network-based agricultural investment climate evaluation model, which has 22 indicators of four subsystems that take political climate, economic climate, social climate, and technological climate as the input vector, and agricultural investment climate rating as the output vector, to evaluate the agricultural investment climate in 16 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The overall spatial distribution characteristics demonstrate that the best agricultural investment climate is in the three Baltic countries, followed by the Visegrad Group and Slovenia sector, and then the Balkan littoral countries. The findings may provide insights for entrepreneurs who aim to invest in agriculture abroad and contribute to the improvement of these countries' investment climate.


The effects of combinations of oxalic acid (OA) treatment with modified atmosphere packaging on the quality and biochemical content changes of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill. cv. Bengi) leaves were examined. After harvest, selected leaves were dipped into an aqueous solution containing different concentrations of oxalic acid (0-control, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM) for 1 min. Treated samples were dried and placed in modified atmosphere packages. Treated rockets were stored at two different temperatures (0 °C and 10 °C) and 90 ± 5% relative humidity conditions for 10 days. Leaves were analyzed at 2-day intervals for some quality and biochemical parameters during storage. OA-treated leaves were greener than those of the control group. At the end of the storage, high doses (1 mM) of OA applications successfully suppressed the respiration rate (0 °C: 63.12 mL CO2 kg−1 h−1, 10 °C: 78.09 mL CO2 kg−1 h−1) and retarded the weight loss (0 °C: 0.14%, 10 °C: 0.49%) and color discoloration (0 °C: ∆E 7.23, 10 °C: ∆E 8.34) of rocket leaves. In addition, OA treatments decreased the vitamin C losses and chlorophyll degradation. In conclusion, rocket leaves could be stored at 0 °C for 8–9 days with 1 mM OA treatment and 6 days with the control treatment and at 10 °C for 6–7 days with 1 mM OA treatment and 4 days with the control (C) treatment with a minimum quality loss under MAP conditions.


The present invention has been isolated from three hundred seconds erythro-directed to a composition for inhibiting cellular senescence containing Australia as by lignans -6 (erthro-austrobailignan-6) as an active ingredient, inhibit cellular senescence, characterized in that induced by adriamycin It provides for a pharmaceutical composition. By doing this inhibit the senescence process of fibroblasts age-related disorders, such as may be useful in the treatment of diseases such as skin aging, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, hepatitis, chronic skin damage tissues, arteriosclerosis, prostatic hyperplasia and liver . It is also expected to be used in anti-aging functional foods, anti-aging, vascular drug development that can inhibit cellular aging, cosmetics development.


With the rapid growth of quantum technologies, knowing the fundamental characteristics of quantum systems and protocols is essential for their effective implementation. A particular communication setting that has received increased focus is related to quantum key distribution and distributed quantum computation. In this setting, a quantum channel connects a sender to a receiver, and their goal is to distill either a secret key or entanglement, along with the help of arbitrary local operations and classical communication (LOCC). In this work, we establish a general theory of energy-constrained, LOCC-assisted private and quantum capacities of quantum channels, which are the maximum rates at which an LOCC-assisted quantum channel can reliably establish secret key or entanglement, respectively, subject to an energy constraint on the channel input states. We prove that the energy-constrained squashed entanglement of a channel is an upper bound on these capacities. We also explicitly prove that a thermal state maximizes a relaxation of the squashed entanglement of all phase-insensitive, single-mode input bosonic Gaussian channels, generalizing results from prior work. After doing so, we prove that a variation of the method introduced in [Goodenough et al., New J. Phys. 18, 063005 (2016)] leads to improved upper bounds on the energy-constrained secret-key-agreement capacity of a bosonic thermal channel. We then consider a multipartite setting and prove that two known multipartite generalizations of the squashed entanglement are in fact equal. We finally show that the energy-constrained, multipartite squashed entanglement plays a role in bounding the energy-constrained LOCC-assisted private and quantum capacity regions of quantum broadcast channels.


Presented on April 11, 1980, MGM Grand Hotel, Las Vegas, for Volume 10, Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest (see link for published version)


We describe the novel use of water‐in‐oil (W/O) microemulsions to achieve unique separations in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). The choise and concentration of the buffer type, surfactant and co‐surfactant were all examined and optimized. Separations of a range of neutral and acidic analytes was shown to be markedly different to that obtained by (oil‐in‐water) O/W MEEKC. Neutral solutes are separated by virtue of their solubility (log P) values in O/W MEEKC with the more water‐insoluble solutes migrating last. This separation process does not occur in W/O, as neutral solutes are not separated in order of log P.