Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build nonlinear model of a small rotorcraft‐based unmanned aerial vehicles (RUAV), using nonlinear system identification method to estimate the parameters of the model. The nonlinear model will be used in robust control system design and aerodynamic analysis.Design/methodology/approach – The nonlinear model is built based on mechanism theory, aerodynamics and mechanics, which can reflect most dynamics in large flight envelop. Genetic algorithm (GA) and time domain flight data is adopted to estimate unknown parameters of the model. The flight data were collected from a series of fight tests. The identification results were also analyzed and validated.Findings – The nonlinear model of RUAV has better accuracy, the parameters are physical quantities, and having distinctly recognizable values. The GA is suitable for nonlinear system identification. And the results proved the identified model can reflect the dynamic characteristics in extensive area of flight envelop.R...


The investigation is determined in two tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir in three seasons from 2006 to 2009.The results showed that the variation of the hydrological elements results in eutrophication of water in the reservoir.However,Impacts of hydrological elements on the eutrophication of different water bodies are different.The mainstream of the Yangtze River is oligotrophic and mesotrophic,while backwater of some tributaries is tutrophic and algal bloom exists potentially.


Introduction: urinary tract infection represents one of the most frequent, nonepidemic bacterial infections diagnosed at any age. The correct diagnosis and adequate treatment are fundamental to prevent renal damage. Objective: to characterize the behavior of the urinary infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the most frequently isolated bacterium in urocultural samples. Methods: retrospective, observational and descriptive study performed at the provincial microbiology laboratory in San Jose de las Lajas, Mayabeque province from May through December, 2012. The registry book of urocultures were checked to obtain the final 86 urocultures with the most significant bacterial isolation from patients diagnosed with urinary infection and admitted to "Leopoldito Martinez" general teaching hospital located in the same municipality and province. Additionally, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the most frequently isolated bacterium was analyzed. Results: the most frequent isolated uropathogens were Escherichia coli, mainly in females, followed by Proteus. The main causative agent showed over 80 % susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin, amykacin, kanamycin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. The susceptibility to ceftriaxione was 45.3 %, sulfaprim 18.6 %, ciprofloxacin 31.3 % and ampicillim 10.4%. Conclusions: The main causative bacteria of infection in the urinary tract is Escherichia coli, so knowing the behavior of this bacterium in different antimicrobial treatments will guide physicians towards empirical antimicrobial treatment, even when the bacteriological confirmation of disease is still pending.


The frequencies of the transverse N-point phonons in Nb and Mo have been calculated using the first-principles frozen-phonon method. The ordering of the modes is reversed in these metals in agreement with experiment. Similar calculations for the L and T/sub 2/N-point phonons in the high-temperature bcc phase of Zr agree with recent measurements, while the results for the T/sub 1/ phonon of Zr indicate an instability toward the formation of the hcp phase.


INTRODUCTION: Wound complications after cesarean delivery result in significant morbidity. A randomized trial in 2013 (Mackeen 2013), which demonstrated lower wound complication rates with suture closure compared with staple closure, resulted in a practice change within our academic institution. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of this practice change on wound complication rates and identify other modifiable risk factors for wound complications. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all women undergoing cesarean delivery between March 1, 2011, and February 28, 2012 (primarily staple) and March 1, 2013, and February 28, 2014 (primarily suture). Wound complication rates were compared between the two time intervals using &khgr;2 tests. Risk factors (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval) for wound complications were assessed using multiple logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Of 1,580 women delivered by cesarean, rates of suture closure increased from 2.3% to 80.1% (P<.001) and wound complications decreased from 8.9% to 6.9% (P=.16) between the two timeframes. Overall, incidence of wound complications was higher with staple closure compared with sutures (10.1% compared with 4.5%; OR 2.4, 1.4–4.1). Additionally, wound complications were more likely with vertical skin incisions (OR 3.6, 1.6–8.1), cesarean delivery for failed labor (OR 2.9, 1.1–7.4), and diabetes (OR 2.1, 1.4–3.9). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that changes in clinical practice resulted in reductions in overall wound complications, although likely not sufficiently powered to detect a statistical significance. When adjusting for confounders, there were more than twofold increased odds of wound complications with staple closure. Vertical incisions, failed labor, and diabetes also contributed to wound complications. Suture closure appears to decrease risks of wound complications postcesarean delivery.


Energy Storage Technologies (ESTs) play an important role in the ever-increasing reliance of renewable energy technologies, especially in deregulated energy grids. There are many promising stationary ESTs in the market or in development. However, not all are suitable for an urban community microgrid (UCM) primarily because of resource constraints, such as land requirements. A UCM is characterized as a completely off-grid microgrid installed in a city environment connected with its community through physical placement and owned by said community. This research explores available, and developing, ESTs from an academic and industrial perspective to find those viable for a UCM in the United Kingdom. Technologies are evaluated on their technical suitability, environmental fairness, cost efficiency, and market readiness. This evaluation finds, a combination of ESTs, with Lithium-ion batteries installed in communal areas for electricity and hot-water energy storage tanks in residential dwellings for heat energy, as the most suitable option.


With the advancement in science and technology, digital media interaction technology is increasingly improved and perfected. Computer models are continuously updated over time. Various new computers are launched to provide artists with much creative inspiration. At present, digital media interaction technology has become a significant technology in exhibition design and product design. It is widely used in the field of exhibition primarily. Nowadays, people put forward higher requirements for exhibition experience. Traditional exhibitions can no longer meet people's basic requirements. The rapid development of digital media interaction and its wide application have made exhibitions show new vitality, and the depth and breadth of information dissemination have also been expanded. Digital media interaction technology makes exhibition display more meaningful and feels like a new experience from audio, visual, and sensory perception aspects. Firstly, this article briefly introduces the network digital media interaction technology. Secondly, it analyzes the sound-raising equipment and sound-absorbing material structure used in the exhibition and uses this way to reduce the environmental noise of the exhibition. Finally, on-the-spot three-dimensional and spatial virtualization is used to examine the exhibition effect. The results show that the factors affecting the sound quality and other factors that lead to the inability to focus on the visit account for the highest proportion, 65.6% and 57.8%, respectively.


It would be useful to build electro-optic modulators, a building block of photonic systems, from silicon. Material properties limit silicon's usefulness in such modulators unless combined with other materials. However, the effectiveness of such combined systems has been limited by difficulties in confining the electric field within the active region. This paper describes a way to do this, paving the way for more effective silicon electro-optic modulators.


For a simply-connected closed manifold $X$ of $\dim X \neq 4$, the mapping class group $\pi_0(\mathrm{Diff}(X))$ is known to be finitely generated. We prove that analogous finite generation fails in dimension 4. Namely, we show that there exist simply-connected closed smooth 4-manifolds whose mapping class groups are not finitely generated. More generally, for each $k>0$, we prove that there are simply-connected closed smooth 4-manifolds $X$ for which $H_k(B\mathrm{Diff}(X);\mathbb{Z})$ are not finitely generated. The infinitely generated subgroup of $H_k(B\mathrm{Diff}(X);\mathbb{Z})$ which we detect are topologically trivial, and unstable under the connected sum of $S^2 \times S^2$. The proof uses characteristic classes obtained from Seiberg-Witten theory.


To build up modern education concept is to acquire the outlook of education development and reform, the outlook of education innovation, the outlook of new education system, the macro outlook of education space time, the outlook of education service industry, the outlook of adaptability quality, the educating outlook of moral education as the top, the talent outlook of taking people as the fundamental, the diathesis outlook of capability as the keystone and the outlook of poly-dmensional education quality evaluation.


Coincidences may be characterized by three primary variables: their frequency, the emotional intensity they generate, and the usefulness derived from their interpretation. The frequency of coincidence detection is related to certain personality characteristics as well as to situations that generate intense emotions. In this article, we describe characteristics of people who detect high frequencies of coincidences, the highly charged situations in which people are more likely to notice coincidences, and some of the benefi ts and problems with coincidence interpretations. Coincidences are generally interpreted on two different planes: the personal and transpersonal. They can highlight some implications of current problems and decisions as well as indicate the possible existence of a "greater mind." To many, they seem to provide evidence of benefi cence: a collective unconscious geared toward individuation, or a superordinate caring intelligence (or God) intervening in our lives. Less often addressed is the fact that some coincidence interpretations lead to destructive outcomes, as several of our cases will illustrate. Individual rates of coincidence detection are likely to be normally distributed; in one tail of the bell-shaped curve lie those who frequently detect coincidences, while in the other tail are those who rarely if ever notice one. We use the term "synchroner" to denote the highfrequency detectors. 1 Synchroners regu


We compare two formulas for the class of a generic torus orbit closure on the Grassmannian, due to Klyachko and Berget-Fink. The naturally emerging combinatorial objects are semi-standard fillings we call 1-strip-less tableaux.


In an era of entrepreneurship popularity, a growing need exists for scholars and practitioners to develop beyond the mere perceptions or templates regarding the social entrepreneurial orientation among university students and instead have scientific data and scientific results about the impact of human capital on the social entrepreneurial orientation of students. The aim of this research is to study the effect of human capital on social entrepreneurial orientation among undergraduate students in Malaysia. The survey was conducted on 600 students who are social science, and business administration from six universities in Malaysia but only 514 questionnaires were obtained. The study combined exploratory factor analysis with structural equation modeling (SEM) to develop the research model. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for academics and organization practitioners. The results indicated that a direct positive and significant effect of human capital on social entrepreneurial orientation. It was suggested that future research might widen the scope by considering social entrepreneurship-related studies in other categories, such as women, adult or general youth. Also, invite researchers focused on the legal role to support entrepreneurship based on social effect.


Nanostructured pure a-C and nitrogen doped a-C: N thin films with small particle size of, ~50 nm were obtained by Aerosol-assisted CVD method from the natural precursor camphor oil. Five samples were prepared for the a-C and a-C: N respectively, with the deposition temperatures ranging from 400℃ to 600℃. At high temperature, the AFM clarifies an even smoother image, due to the increase of the energetic carbon ion bombardment at the surface of the thin film. An ohmic contact was acquired from the current-voltage solar simulator characterization. The higher conductivity of a-C: N, of ~×10 -2 Scm -1 is due to the decrease in defects since the spin density gap decrease with the


The production methods of electron level hydrogen peroxide were introduced.The market and development were analyzed,as well as the development and producing in home.


An eminent UK scientist has argued that there is no credible case for the country's scientists to support leaving the European Union.

Paul Nurse, director of the Francis Crick Institute and former president of the Royal Society, said that anyone in the UK science and research disciplines who supported the so called "Brexit" was displaying "naivety" and "intellectual laziness."

Speaking at the Science Media Centre in London on 26 February, Nurse pulled no punches in stating his view that science was crucial to the debate on whether the United Kingdom should remain a member of the EU, ahead of the 23 …


Rights that play an active role in increasing the profitability of the business, provide a competitive advantage to the business, but are not physically present are called intangible assets. In today's conditions, as digitalization increases, intangible assets in the assets of businesses are becoming increasingly important. In addition to physical assets, intangible assets are also used by businesses in order to continue their existence and to continue their activities uninterruptedly in the conditions of increasing commercial competition. Assets such as patent, copyright, import quota, software program, film, customer and supplier network and connection, distribution system, right to use name, right to operate, market dominance can be given as examples of intangible assets. By applying valuation to these assets in line with the market conditions, it is important that the assets are included in the financial statements correctly. Among these resources used by businesses, the assets that should be included in the class of intangible assets and their accounting records, valuation, depreciation, replacement expense, application of impairment are regulated in detail in TAS 38 Intangible Assets Standard.
In this study, the accounting procedures and principles of the assets in the group of intangible fixed assets acquired by businesses in accordance with the provisions of TAS38 Intangible fixed assets standard are examined. Firstly; Basic information about the concepts enumerated in the TMS38 standard was given, then; Applications related to valuation, accounting, depreciation and other transactions of intangible assets are explained and application examples are given.


We evaluate performances of the four typical block-iterative algorithms (OSEM, RBI, RAMLA, DRAMA) for 3-D PET reconstruction by detailed simulation studies. Furthermore, we extend RAMLA and DRAMA to list-mode data


Core losses of nanocrystalline alloy high frequency transformer (HFT) are calculated by adopting the finite element method with magnetic hysteresis effects considered. A normal Preisach model is used to represent the magnetic hysteresis during the numerical simulation. The normal Preisach model features with simple formulations and easy parameters identification. A dynamic circuit model of laminated magnetic cores for high frequency operation is used to calculate the core losses. Results are compared between the finite element method (FEM) and magnetic circuit method to prove the accuracy of finite element method, and it also provides a more accuracy way and general to compute the core loss of magnetic cores.


In the 5th Industrial Revolution era, English teaching method blended with technology and information-based skills will be more noteworthy to improve English teachers' teaching aptitudes. Here, the role of Non-Formal Training Institute (LKP) with its new teaching framework is very crucial to increase English teachers' teaching competences in this industrial revolution era, improve their students' attainment and advance their professional knowledge. To optimize this role, this research was conducted using Kirkpatrick's 4-level evaluation model, to assess the implementation of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) with Learning Management System (LMS) based in non-formal educational context for many English teachers in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the benefits and constraints of implementing this online course using evaluative techniques with quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Data collection techniques were interviews, document observation and questionnaires. The results showed that at the reaction level, the research participants gave a positive response to the online course, the participants also succeeded in increasing their teaching knowledge (learning level), changing behavior in teaching English (behavior level), and improving their students' achievement (level result). The greatest benefits felt by participants included beneficial topics, video materials, and video conferencing frames which had a direct impact on their teaching knowledge and skills development. The obstacles faced by the participants were problems with internet access, video conference access, and assignments.


According to Chen Yi,Analects of Confucius was the key Confucian classic that embodied the Confucian ideology,which constituted the main source of his neo-Confucian ideas.In his book Annotation of Analects of Confucius,Chen Yi interpreted the contents of Analects of Confucius by focusing on what Confucius means rather than what he says.His interpreting strategy transcends and thus improves the traditional method of annotating the classics.The rationale behind such a strategy includes the following aspects:putting the concept of ren(human virtues) into the perspective of li(the truth);understanding the concept of he(harmony) from the angle of xu(order);governing the society being preceded by ruling people's mind.All this forms the foundations of the Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty.In this regard,Chen Yi's work ushered in a new chapter for the studies on Confucius' Analects of Confucius.


This study outlines some challenges of teaching about distant place and demonstrates how different strategies can influence school students' framings of diversity. The analysis is based on an interpretive case study of 13–14 year-old students learning about Japan in a UK school. Their changing representations of Japan were tracked in detail over a 10 week period of study. The findings show that students' representations of Japan were multi-stranded, demonstrating different levels of sophistication depending on the aspect of the country under consideration. Learning activities that enabled contact with the lives of young people from the distant place or that involved multiple images were shown to challenge stereotypes and to encourage more nuanced understandings of diversity between and within.


A process for the setup and configuration of telecommunications services of a mobile network according to the GSM standard between a communication terminal equipped with a user and the network elements of this cellular network, with the interposition of a Provisionierungssystems for controlling the network elements, wherein the parameters of the adjusted service configuration by the user by means of a network element-independent formulated request data set via a communications interface to a service computer, which contains the telecommunication services characterizing logic and configuration records are passed, the parameters of the request data set to be verified within the service computer and transferred to change records affected by the configuration change network elements which are output to the provisioning system for the generation of a command sequence of protocol-dependent system commands for controlling the network elements, a is assigned by the provisioning system to successfully performed configuration change to the areas affected by the change commands network elements each return acknowledgment signal supplied in the service computer by means of an identification element the triggering request record, and the request record is marked as completed successfully when all the handshaking signals required and its contents in the current database of the ...


This paper proposes an operational scheme to support remote lectures in an inter-university distance learning project. Besides the significant improvement of video conference systems, the operational aspect of remote lectures among participating universities tends to be less attended because its operation is basically independent in each university. Lack of a practical experience on operating remote lectures will introduce factors of reducing the quality, scalability or sustainability of the distance learning project. Our solution is to standardize the operational scheme among participating universities based on the concept of Layered Architecture of the remote lecture environment, Administrator that can access and maintain the entire environment, and Centralized Application Network to achieve these features. The proposed scheme has been evaluated at the actual operation of more than 600 remote lectures in an inter-university distance learning program in Japan since 2007.


It plays a vital role to establish the classroom teaching evaluation system(CTES) for the sake of teaching quality.In light of the advanced education theories and modern management for the national CTES,a new model is argued.This paper discusses the 2-3-4 model experimented in Handan college.


In this study, the effects of various process parameters on the adhesive strength of copper electrodeposits on stainless steel cathodes produced in a laboratory scale electrowinning cell were investigated. The experimental results showed that the chloride ion concentration and the current density had a significant effect on the adhesive strength. Electrolyte temperature and cupric ion concentration also influenced the adhesive strength to some extent, whereas cobaltous ion concentration and Guar dosage showed no noticeable effect. Microstructure analysis of the copper electrodeposits indicated that the process parameters which affected the grain size of the deposit at the substrate/deposit interface influenced the adhesive strength, i.e., fine grains exhibited higher adhesive strength than coarse grains.


This research aimed to find out effect of Azolla and Nila fish in cultivation of irrigatedpaddy rice to increase rice production, and to find out reduction of inorganic fertilizer usage due to integration of Azolla and Nila fish. An experiment was carried out in Maros, South Sulawesi from December 2005 to March 2006. It was arranged in a split plot design. Results showed that Azolla–Nila integration in rice field increased grain by 17.05% (30.245 kg plot-1) and decreased weed growth by 20.47% (0.946 kg). Azolla rate of 6 t ha-1 increased dry weight by 13.29% (27.937 kg), tiller number by 14.48% (16.248), weight of 1000-grain by 6.01% (22.673 g) and grain yield by 21.03% (30.245 kg plot-1) and decreased weed growth by 27.13% (0.946 kg). Interaction between Azolla and Nila fish did not significantly affect growth and yield. Level of land fertility (C-organic, N-total and available-P2O5 and exchangeable-K) ranged from low to fair at harvest, whereas high C/N ratio on no-Azolla treatment with quite low pH.


The most common box used for harvested vegetables in Brazil is the wood one which was used for kerosene transporting during second world war, in 1945. This box causes mechanical damage and reduces vegetables shelf-life and quality, due to its rough surface allowing pathogen colonization, due to the excessive number of fruit layers, and due to the lateral cut openings. Considering the problems of the K box and the necessity of protecting tomato fruits, Embrapa Hortalicas began in January 1997 a research to develop an adequate box to protect tomato fruits. The definitive box, named "Embrapa box", was compared with the K box and the most common plastic boxes from the market. The weight, shelf-life, color, mechanical damage, firmness, relative water content and deterioration were evaluated. The damage was significantly different and lower in the Embrapa box, reducing post-harvest losses in tomato fruits.


The present study was designed to manage the feeling of inferiority & insecurity of HIV+ /AIDS patients through Yagya therapy. HIV+/AIDS is a type of immunodeficiency which is caused by the retrovirus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Eighty diagnosed HIV+/AIDS subjects in the range of 12 to 40 years were selected form Haridwar, Dehradun, and Roorkee districts on the basis of score obtained on the Inferiority and Insecurity Questionnaire (Pati, 1976). These subjects were assigned randomly to two conditions namely, control (N=40, 20 males and 20 females) and experimental (N=40, 20 males and 20 females). The subjects in the experimental group were only exposed to Yayga therapy practices about one hour daily for six months. A between group design was used in the present study and obtained data were statistically analyzed through t-test. The finding reveals that Yagya therapy significantly reduces the levels of inferiority and insecurity feeling of patients. Conclusion: Yagya therapy is an effective therapy for managing inferiority & insecurity feeling of HIV+ patients.


Hydrological modelling for water resource and flood management in large monsoon-dominated sub-tropicalcatchments has not been the subject of extensive research and it is not clear what the appropriate model structuresand data requirements may be. High degrees of seasonality, limited data availability, rapidly changinghydrological regimes as a result of land use change and climate variability and a lack of complete understandingof the details of the physical hydrology in these regimes and regions all contribute to this situation. This paperuses Data Based Mechanistic (DBM) modelling methods to explore the hydrology of the 3,853 km2 Mae Chaemcatchment in northern Thailand, where there is an unusually rich database of runoff and rainfall data. This is usedto examine the appropriate model structure and parameter values in DBM models and the effects of using theavailable rainfall and runoff data in a range of different ways. Rainfall data are area-weighted using Theissenpolygons, within which altitude adjustment is effected on the basis of evidence for an increase of about 0.5 mm ofrain per rainday for each 100 m increase in elevation above 1000 m, in the monsoon season only. The modelstructure suggests a second-order model and the parameter values seem to be rather stable when higher qualityrainfall data are used. Furthermore, it is possible to maintain reliable flow simulations by cascading a series ofrunoff prediction regression models that predict a downstream flow from an upstream flow and the incrementalrainfall between gauging stations. Key Words: Data-based mechanistic modelling; Monsoon; Rainfall-runoff modelling; Semi-distributed rainfalland runoff data; Thailand


A Fock space representation is given for the quantum Lorentz gas, i.e., for random Schrodinger operators of the form H(ω)=p2+Vω=p2+∑ φ(x−xj(ω)), acting in H=L2(Rd), with Poisson distributed xjs. An operator H is defined in K=H⊗P=H⊗L2(Ω,P(dω))=L2(Ω,P(dω);H) by the action of H(ω) on its fibers in a direct integral decomposition. The stationarity of the Poisson process allows a unitarily equivalent description in terms of a new family {H(k)‖k∈Rd}, where each H(k) acts in P [A. Tip, J. Math. Phys. 35, 113 (1994)]. The space P is then unitarily mapped upon the symmetric Fock space over L2(Rd,ρdx), with ρ the intensity of the Poisson process (the average number of points xj per unit volume; the scatterer density), and the equivalent of H(k) is determined. Averages now become vacuum expectation values and a further unitary transformation (removing ρ in ρdx) is made which leaves the former invariant. The resulting operator HF(k) has an interesting structure: On the nth Fock layer we encounter a single particle mo...


Purpose: Implanted tissue spacers show great promise in reducing radiation dose to organs at risk (OAR) and/or permitting dose escalation to target volumes in IMRT plans. Dosimetric benefits have been demonstrated in a randomized study of such a device despite variations in plan optimization. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the dosimetric effect of a tissue spacer using a validated prostate DVH prediction model trained with previous high-quality clinical prostate plans. Methods: Imaging and treatment planning for men undergoing IMRT for localized stage T1-T2 prostate cancer was performed before and after hydrogel spacer implantation between the prostate and anterior rectum. Pre- and post-implant plans were independently optimized to satisfy dose-volume criteria for rectum, bladder, and penile bulb. Image segmentation data were used to predict DVHs achievable using IMRT for rectum and bladder with institutionally-validated model parameters [Medical Physics 39, 7446 (2012); doi: 10.1118/1.4761864]. Predicted and actual clinical DVHs (cDVH) for rectum were used to compare pre- and post-implant plans. Results: 101 pairs of plans from 5 clinical sites treating at least 14 spacer subjects each were analyzed. An average ± s.d. absolute reduction of 9.4 ± 6.5 % in V60 and 7.0 ± 4.6 % in V70 was seen for pDVH. Corresponding reductions in cDVH were 10.3 ± 6.2 % and 8.0 ± 4.3, respectively. Standard deviations of corresponding pDVH and cDVH values were similar. Correlation coefficients between predicted and actual Vx values were computed for pre-implant, post-implant, and pre-post Vx differences. Correlations between pDVH and cDVH were significantly positive, but not uniform among clinical sites, suggesting differences in plan optimization. Conclusion: Predicted DVHs showed an absolute difference of nearly 10% in rectal volume receiving ≥ 60 Gy (50.4% relative reduction in V60) with use of peri-rectal spacer, consistent with analysis of clincal pre- and post-implant plans. This work was supported by a research grant from Augmenix, Inc.


The chapter reveals the development of organic thin films transistor (OTFT) as a gas sensor. The OTFT inherits the design architecture from its inorganic counterpart known as Field Effect Transistor (FET). The three main components of a FET are source, drain and gate electrodes. For a FET, a dielectric layer or known as insulator will be placed on the bottom of active semiconductor layer. In this study, the OTFT will be designed with an organic material namely Poly (3-hexythiophene-2,5-diyl) regioregular (P3HT) as an active material. Currently, metallic oxides such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) are commonly used in making gas sensor because of their sensitivity and conductivity upon gas reaction and absorption. But, the disadvantages of these materials are at the requirement to operate at elevated temperature at a higher cost, therefore limiting their use in some applications. Thus, an organic material such as PH3T was chosen to be employed in gas sensor because its ability to use small energetic input and functional at room temperature. In general, the fabrication processes of OTFT device almost similar with the inorganic type. However, the main attractions of this processes is that all the layers of an OTFT can be deposited and patterned at room temperature by a combination of low-cost solution-processing and direct-write printing. Thus, it makes them ideally suited for realization of low-cost and large-area electronic functions on flexible substrates. This chapter reveals the proposal of using OTFT for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gas that are such as benzene, chloroform, toluene and xylene. VOCs are permissible in small dose, but it can be neurotoxin to human and animal if exposed to higher dosage. The higher dose of VOCs can cause disease symptoms like drowsiness, headache, tremor and memory loss. In comparison with OTFT, the inorganic material namely Zinc Oxide (ZnO) which has higher carrier mobility was blended with the conjugated polymer P3HT and formed a new sensing material in active layer to enhance the performance of transistor.


Abstract : As indicated in earlier work at this arsenal variations in the quality of Hadfield manganese steel may well be reflected in the resistance characteristics of the material. Although no metallurgical investigation of the subject samples was made it is apparent from certain discrepancies in the resistance of various samples that the quality of the pieces was not constant. Material of this type of constant good quality would be expected to show an orderly increase in resistance as its thickness increased, and at any one thickness would be expected to exhibit consistent resistance characteristics against any one projectile. The results indicate that the quality of the subject samples is somewhat variable and demonstrate the need of rigid application of Specification AXS-1170 in the procurement of material intended for use as components of armor assemblies.


Our online web service was released using a aspire to function as a comprehensive on-line electronic digital library that o ers usage of many PDF file e-book collection. You might find many different types of e-publication as well as other literatures from our files database. Distinct preferred topics that distributed on our catalog are popular books, solution key, test test question and answer, guideline example, exercise guide, quiz trial, user guide, owners guideline, assistance instructions, repair guide, and so forth.


The source of correlation for the signals from detectors in the presence of a stochastic neutron field is analyzed for a variety of circumstances. A general methodology, based on a master equation approach, is compared with the Langevin/Schottky method with the result that there is consistency if the detection process is included in detail. For cases where the detector removes the detected neutron, the only sources of correlation are elementary processes that produce more than one neutron; consequently, the Schottky prescription for the noise equivalent source must be corrected accordingly. An additional term because of the finite electronic resolution is also found and added to the noise equivalent source. Because of the relevance of the subject to the theory of the /sup 252/Cf source noise method to measure reactivities, the general results are applied to interpret a recently performed experiment with this type of source.


In this case study the quality of mediational teaching was evaluated for interactions between teachers and pupils in special education in regular Norwegian primary schools. Mediational teaching is interpreted as a process by which a teacher mediates a given curriculum using certain categories in interactions with a pupil. The categories are focusing; affecting; expanding; competence; regulation; and different. The study is based on a social cognitive theory as developed by the Israeli scientist Reuven Feuerstein. Initially an observation instrument was developed. The instrument was used to measure the quality of mediational teaching practiced in four cases of teacher and pupil dyads. The results imply that the quality of mediational teaching was low in all four cases. These results may hopefully encourage teachers to employ a wider and more varied use of the categories in mediational teaching than what was found in this study. The objective of the present study is to investigate the quality of teaching as practiced by Norwegian primary school teachers towards pupils with special needs. The Israeli scientist Reuven Feuerstein describes how high mediational quality can stimulate cognitive development. According to Feuerstein


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation May 2017. Major: Chemical Engineering. Advisor: Yiannis Kaznessis. 1 computer file (PDF); xi, 135 pages.


Today, the main challenge for the companies is to gain in effeciency and competitivity to cope with a changing unpredictable, if not turbulent environment, where only the fittest have a say in the market place. To face this challenge, organizations have to be equiped with a staff who can constantly adapt and keep up with the pace by developing the so called « agile » or flexible skills and behavior. These later can't be reached without the help and support of the organization whose responsability is to put into practice tools to assist employees in these continuous. The aim of this article is to analyse the contribution of the human resources in conducting and developing organizational agility.


My poster presentation is about making a Wordcloud and using Wordclouds for warm-up in teaching reading skill. Making a wordcloud means putting many words into a shape, usually a cloud. We can also make it in heart, flower, and tree shape. However, these words are taken from the text that students are going to read. And the most important is that the sizes of the words must reflect their importance in the text. In other words, the key words and words which are repeated several times in the text will be in bigger sizes. Students work in groups. They look at the wordcloud, analyze it and then make a guess about what they are going to read. This activity will serve as an effective way for students to interact with each other. It helps them improve their critical thinking and discussion skill. Additionally, they may be curious and excited about what they are going to learn.


In order to prevent traffic volume measurement errors, especially variance measurement errors, the present invention provides a method of measuring variance of a data payload in a wireless communications system. The method includes the following steps. Plural variance reference values are predetermined. A variance measurement result related to data payload is reported. If the variance measurementresult is greater than the plural variance reference values, the variance measurement result is rounded downwards to the maximum variance reference value of the plural variance reference values. Preferably, the plural variance reference values have a maximum value of 16 K and a minimum value of 0, where K is 1024. The plural variance reference values other than the minimum value form a geometric sequence.


To elucidate the role of PTH in postmenopausal bone loss, we studied 33 postmenopausal patients who received total thyroidectomy due to thyroid carcinoma. Among these patients, 13 were patients with hypoparathyroid function (HPf), and 20 retained normal parathyroid function (NPf) after thyroidectomy. Bone mineral density (BMD), the rate of BMD loss, and incidence of spinal deformity as well as varying bone metabolic markers were analyzed in all patients. The age-matched BMD was clearly higher, and the incidence of spinal deformity was significantly lower in HPf than in NPf. The rate of BMD loss in HPf was significantly lower than in NPf during the early postmenopausal period (within 5 yr after menopause; mean +/- SD, -0.567 +/- 3.05% vs. -2.49 +/- 1.86%/yr, P < 0.05). In contrast, the rates were similar between the two groups during the late postmenopausal period (> 5 yr after menopause). Bone metabolic markers indicated that an accelerated bone turnover occurred during the early postmenopausal period in NPf, but not in HPf. These results suggest that the hypoparathyroid condition provides protection against age-related bone loss. This is due in part to attenuation of the high turnover bone loss that occurs early in menopause.


The invention relates to a receiving apparatus for receiving and processing satellite data, can be received for the reception apparatus satellite data and can be stored in a memory, can be received for the reception device for determining the position ephemeris data and / or raw satellite data and can be stored for subsequent position determination, wherein the raw data, at least some of the following data comprises: code phase, carrier phase, data and / or signal quality. The invention further relates to a corresponding process.


Editor—Black et al's study highlighted difficulties that those who assess the treatment of urinary incontinence may encounter.1 The different surgical procedures were considered together, which makes it impossible to interpret cure rates or postoperative morbidity. Previous continence surgery was not reported, although this affects the results of surgery.

Black et al state that calculations of sample size were inappropriate as the objective was to provide preliminary estimates of variables and to generate hypotheses. They found no significant difference in outcome between women who had preoperative urodynamic testing and women who did not. On the basis of the objective cure rates reported in the literature,2,3 however, two groups of 220 women would be needed to show that urodynamics does not make a difference to the outcome of surgery, assuming a power of 0.90 and a significance level of 0.05.4 Black et al's study is too small to show this and does not mention the type of testing or the reasons why some women had tests and others did not. Those who did may have had previous continence surgery, which is known to reduce the cure rate.

The statement that urgency and urge incontinence should not be considered contraindications to surgery has no basis from this study. Unfortunately, 93% of women with detrusor instability have these symptoms, and they would not benefit from a continence procedure. The women who were not operated on after urodynamics have not been mentioned.

In Black et al's study only 28% of women were found to be continent one year after surgery. This contrasts with a symptomatic follow up study carried out at our institution on women who had undergone preoperative urodynamics and then had continence surgery performed by us or the original referrer. We assessed 201 women with a postal validated disease specific questionnaire before and after colposuspension.5 Only 19% of the women had incontinence, and 12% found that this disturbed their lifestyle to some degree. Of a smaller number of women (28) who had undergone an anterior repair, only 36% were dry. The greatest contrast between the data was that 97% of the women we treated would recommend investigation and treatment to their friends, compared with 68% in the reported study.

The effects of incontinence surgery should be studied with an understanding of the confounding variables that can affect findings; otherwise the results are not meaningful. The data presented by Black et al may be misleading to those who perform and those who undergo incontinence surgery.


The vibration acceleration level, vibration severity and airborne noise of centrifugal pump under the rated working condition are basic parameters to evaluate the pumping source sound vibration characteristics which can only express the representation characteristics but cannot comprehensively express the vibration source variation features and installation characteristics. The paper describes excitation mechanism and flow excitation mechanism of internal vibration source rotor and vibration source excitation mechanism of motor, meanwhile describes the structural sound radiation mechanism of centrifugal pump, and puts forward the test, measurement expression methods of vibration acceleration level, vibration severity, airborne noise, pipe orifice pressure pulsation rate, pipe-line hydrodynamic sound and installation rigidity of centrifugal pump; acoustic characteristic tests are carried out under the working conditions of startup, operation and shut-down for centrifugal pump in test room and sound characteristics of the centrifugal pump under different working conditions are compared and vibration source change rules in centrifugal pump are researched by regulating the flow and pressure of centrifugal pump. The test and research results show that the pipe orifice pressure pulsation rate and pipe hydrodynamic sound under the steady operating condition of the centrifugal pump can more directly reflect the operation parameter changes of the centrifugal pump. The endogenous characterization parameter is more advantageous than the representation parameter to evaluate acoustic characteristic of centrifugal pump; the vibration and sound level of the centrifugal pump in the start-up and shut-down stages are higher than levels in stable operation. The acoustic characteristic index under the whole steady-state operating condition cannot meet the acoustic characteristic index requirements under the full-periodic working condition.


Boundaries between levels of government are usually blurred, and bureaucracies at different levels often interact on the field to achieve a policy goal. However, scarce literature has dealt with the contribution of national/federal bureaucracies to achieving subnational policy goals. This research explores the relationship between a national deconcentrated bureaucratic capacity and subnational decentralized government capacity in Colombia's secondary education provision. While Colombian schooling is decentralized at the subnational level, the national government indirectly contributes to schooling by administering child and youth protection services through a national agency (ICBF), which is highly deconcentrated over the country. Therefore, enrollment in secondary education is a salient issue for both subnational and ICBF bureaucracies. ICBF's personnel and spending figures capture national government capacity at the subnational level while numbers of teachers and high schools assess subnational government capacity. Using panel data for the 32 Colombian departamentos (provinces) over 2004-2013, results reveal both deployed national bureaucracy and subnational capacity boost high school enrollment; meanwhile, ICBF seems to partially substitute subnational capacity with the weakest subnational governments gaining the most from ICBF presence in the territory. [PRELIMINARY DO NOT CITE] To be presented at the Ostrom Workshop Research Series, March 27 2019 The provision of social services in the developing world often configures a governance system with several levels of shared policy responsibility. In a context of substantial yet incomplete decentralization, subnational and local governments are in charge of providing certain services while the national government works on closely related areas thus affecting government performance at the local level. National governments often intervene via bureaucratic structures with direct operational work across the territory. Yet, the extent to which the national state exerts an influence on local communities is far from homogeneous. The literature in political science has explored the phenomenon of uneven reach of state capacity but more research is needed in order to disentangle the process of converting inputs into policy outcomes under these conditions. One might argue that the nature of the services provided by the national state in a territory vis-à-vis a service provided by the local government, might affect the way in which national bureaucratic capacity affects service provision. Is the national state complementing the work of subnational governments? Or is it offering a substitute to locally provided services? The uneven capacity of the Colombian state across its own territory presents the opportunity to explore the relationship between national bureaucracies and those of the local governments to deliver specific socially desirable outputs. This paper explores the provision of education by Colombian subnational and local governments, and the role that ICBF, the Colombian national agency for the protection of children and the youth, plays on the delivery of this service. ICBF offices and operational centers spread over the country and provide a wide range of services related to the physical, emotional and social wellbeing of children and youth. In doing so, they influence the provision of education to the population, which is a responsibility of locally managed schools. An analysis of the 32 Colombian departamentos (provinces) over the 2004-2013 period shows national government capacity, via ICBF, influences the provision of education; moreover, ICBF capacity yields a greater impact in departamentos with low subnational government capacity. This interactive effect between local and national capacity on service provision might depend on the nature of the relationship between both bureaucracies. In the case of ICBF, its services related to ensuring education provision seem to be partial substitutes of some services already offered by schools. On the contrary, complementary capacities could result in reinforcing effects for service provision, but that case is out of the scope of this paper. This paper aims to contribute an unexplored perspective to the understanding of the quality of government. Research designs that use local governments as unit of analysis to understand within-country variation of government performance are frequently used in the literature of public management (see for instance Avellaneda, 2008, 2009, and Walker & Andrews, 2013 for a review of the literature). Yet, the territorial unevenness of national state capacity and its influence on subnational government performance has not been explored so far. Meanwhile, in the vast literature of fiscal federalism and decentralization the national government is often perceived as the source of resource transfers or in the role of monitoring and overseeing; here, the national government is introduced as a bureaucratic actor on the field. In the following sections, the theoretical underpinnings of the relationship between capacity and performance for subnational governments are explored and the phenomenon of unevenness state capacity in the developing world is described. Then, the next section discusses and formulates hypotheses about the interaction between the capacity of the national bureaucracy and local capacity for service provision in the context of decentralization and deconcentration. The case of education delivery in Colombia is then described, as well as the role indirectly played by ICBF in this process. Data and methods are presented, as well as the results of the empirical analysis. A discussion of the main findings follows, and a final section offers some conclusions, avenues for further research and discusses the limitations of the paper. Subnational government capacity and performance There is no consensus on the meaning of capacity in public management research. Christensen and Gazley (2008) offer a perspective of capacity as a multi-dimensional, multilevel, and highly contextual concept, based on a bibliometric analysis of the literature in public, non-profit and business management. The authors consider four broad dimensions (human resources, financial resources, infrastructure and external environment) to encompass the complexity of the term. Three of their four dimensions relate to internal capabilities. In their comprehensive study of organizational capacity in the US states, Ingraham, Joyce and Donahue (2003) had also mostly focused on internal capabilities such as human resources, financial resources and information systems. While organizational capacity will always need to be attached to a specific context (capacity to do what?), understanding it as a set of internal capabilities allows to establish some conceptual boundaries and facilitates the analysis of its relationship with performance. Capacity can be defined as a set of internal capabilities or resource stocks to be used for organizational performance, among which human and financial resources are central dimensions of the concept. Meanwhile, performance itself is also a multi-dimensional and context-dependent concept (Walker, Boyne & Brewer, 2010). Yet, most approaches to the concept of performance in public management research follow under either the input-output-outcome model (IOO), the economy-efficiency-effectiveness (3E) model or something in between (Walker, Boyne & Brewer, 2010). Both approaches have in common an interest in performance as the result of an organizational process of transforming inputs into outputs and outcomes, and the salient perception of organizational performance as effectiveness (i.e. the ability to achieve relevant outputs). For the purpose of this paper, organizational performance is mainly understood as effectiveness or quantity of outputs in service provision (Boyne, 2003) which is also fitting to the context of the empirical case, as it will be explored later. Several models of organizational performance highlight the role of capacity as a main driver of performance in public organizations even when using different terms that also point to a set of organizational internal capabilities. For instance, O'Toole and Meier (1999) suggest that hierarchy, i.e. "formal authority to compel" (p. 508), and management substitute each other to provide the organization with the stability that is necessary to make use of their internal capabilities in order to perform. Moreover, information technology and human resource development are among the several factors, identified by Rainey and Steinbauer (1999), that affect organizational effectiveness. Boyne (2003) also includes elements of organizational capacity (e.g. resources and size) among the determinants for improvement in public service delivery. Thus, public management scholars have consistently incorporated capacity elements in their models of performance, with the logic that internal capabilities constitute the inputs or production factors that public organizations use in order to deliver outputs. More attention at the theoretical and empirical level has been paid to explore the effect of other drivers of performance such as management, structure, regulation, markets and environmental context (Boyne, 2003). Yet, some literature has focused on understanding the interaction between capacity and some of these other factors whose association with performance is less clear. For instance, Carley, Nicholson‐Crotty, and Fisher (2015) found a positive interactive effect of capacity and federal guidance on the use of funds of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 by USA states. They assessed capacity as human capital, more specifically as the acumen of financial and policy-specific experience in the state government. Meanwhile, Andrews et al (2013) explored the moderating effect of administrative capacity on the relationship between environ


We report the realization of variable structured illumination using a controlled Lissajous scanning MEMS mirror. The MEMS mirror was electrostatically operated at pseudo-resonant frequencies within the bandwidth. The pattern density was controlled by selecting the scanning frequencies with the greatest common divisor (GCD) greater than 1. The constant pattern was achieved by modulating a laser beam at the least common multiple (LCM) of the scanning frequencies. Variable structured illumination was successfully achieved by controlling both the GCD of scanning frequencies as well as the phase of operating signals. This method can provide a new direction for 3D MEMS imaging applications.


The electrical conductance of a tungsten trioxide (WO3) thick-film gas sensors under UV illumination has been investigated. Measurements have been performed in two different environments: in pure nitrogen and in dry synthetic air. The effect of light on the electrical behavior has then been evaluated and interpreted. In particular, the observed increase in conductance after illumination of the surface is expected to be due to interband electronic transitions, since the bandgap of the material is smaller than the energy of the incident photons. An evidence for strong contribution of surface chemical processes to this variation,through surface barrier modulation, is given in this work.


The young fellow was aU smiles at such joyoUS events as the Tour'nament of Roses in Pasadena and the Mummers' parade in Philadelphia. But he left a trail of violence, too, as though indifferent to his hearty welcome Into the world. Plane Crash Searchers in Arizona spotted the wreckage or a missing air force craft whose crash killed 28 persons, 19 of them West Point cade{s returning from west coast holidays . (See pictures on page 7.) 522-Persons Killed In Accidents During New Year's Holiday


Studies demonstrate that new cell birth occurs in adult brain,the rate of neurogenesis and the survival of new neurons are regulated by a number of environmental and pharmacological factors.The presence of neural progenitors in the adult mammalian brain raises the possibility that adult neurogenesis exists as a substrate for neural plasticity.Moreover,the continued production of neurons within the adult brain suggests that an understanding of adult neurogenesis may be of therapeutic relevance.In this review the factors influencing adult neurogenesis are discussed.


The diversity of allelic variations of SSRs at O2 locus in thirteen o2o2 line, O16 locus in three o16o16 line, Wx locus in thirteen wxwx line, and in eight normal line was studied in maize. The PCR were performed with seven pairs of primers-umc1066, phi057, phi112, umc1141, umc1121, phi027 and phi061, respectively. The PCR products were analyzed using PAG electrophoresis and silver nitratedyeing. The results showed that the allelic varia- tions were diverse at umc1066, phi057, phil12, umc1141 and umc1121sites, which contributed to the differences of lysine content of endosperm between the O2O2 (or O16O16) lines and the o2o2 (or o16o16) line; and also diverse at phi027 and phi061 sites, which contribute to the difference of stickiness of endosperm between the WxWx lines and the wxwx lines.


ABSTRACT A person's mental illness burdens their spouse or partner in multiple ways and significantly increases the risk that the couple will divorce. However, scant research exists about the impact of the illness on spouses' experience of self and relationship commitment. The author investigates how 16 Finnish, heterosexual spouses and partners of people with mental illness make meaning out of their self and commitment, including the role of religion in this meaning making. The data was gathered through narrative, semi-structured interviews and analysed with a narrative approach. For these spouses and partners, sacrifice was central to meaning making. They drew on religion in marital sanctification, justification and coping. The results show the importance of mental health care in supporting the spouses' separateness from the relationship or as an avenue of expressing their commitment. This finding highlights the need to invest in couple-centred approaches to mental health care.


An exact integral‐equation formalism for a system of a binary hard‐sphere mixture interacting with a spherical semipermeable vesicle (SPV) and plane semipermeable membrane (SPM) is derived by using the Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) equation with appropriate closures. The Percus–Yevick (PY) closure or the hypernetted chain (HNC) closure, in which the bulk correlation is obtained by the PY approximation, are considered as examples. We refer to these as the PY/PY and HNC/PY approximations, respectively. The mixture contains solvent particles, which are permeable to the membrane, and solute particles (''protein'' or ''polymer'' particles), which can not pass through the membrane. We develop an exact general formalism for this problem and as an illustration of its use give quantative results for solvent and solute particles modeled as hard spheres of different diameters. An analytical expression for the density ratio in the PY/PY and HNC/PY approximations between two sides of a plane SPM is obtained. Results obtained from these expressions agree very well with results obtained by equating chemical potentials in the region of interest. It turns out that the protein–membrane direct correlation function can be given by a simple analytic expression for the limit of a point solvent in the PY/PY approximation. The osmotic pressure and density profiles for the system containing an ideal spherical SPV or plane SPM in the PY/PY approximation are evaluated. Extension to the nonlocal density‐functional closures previously introduced by Blum and Stell is discussed. Finally, we note that certain impenetrable‐wall problems previously considered elsewhere can be regarded as semipermeable membrane problems treated via McMillan–Mayer formalism in the continuum–solvent approximation.


Acute Respiratory Infection ( ARI) is a respiratory infection that can last up to 14 days . Barito River is one of the rivers that flow into the coal barge transportation . Based on field data , any impact caused by the transportation of coal barges is a decrease in air quality due to increase in coal dust blown into the densely populated settlement that could lead to respiratory diseases . This study aims to analyze the relationship between the incidence of respiratory infection in infants with settlements that are near ( ≤ 500 m ) and deep ( > 500 m ) from the coal barge transportation flow . This study was an observational analytic study design correlation . The results of this study indicate that Ho is accepted which means there is no relationship between the incidence of respiratory infection in infants with settlements close range ( ≤ 500 m ) with a flow of barge transportation of coal in the Barito River . And there was no correlation between the incidence of respiratory infection in infants with residential distance away ( > 500 m ) from the coal barge transportation flow in the Barito River . Based on these results it is necessary to further study the most relevant factors that cause respiratory events in children under five in sub Tabunganen enough . Keywords : ARI , the flow of transportation , distance settlement


The main aim of the study was to analyze the impact of cement content, slump and for different percentage of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) on the compressive strength prediction of the concrete. The analyzing is performed for different days of modeling of the concrete aggregates. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used in order to determine the parameters influence on the compressive strength prediction. Variable selection process was used to select the most dominant factors, which affect the compressive strength prediction of the concrete aggregates. Results indicated that the cement content has the strongest impact on the compressive strength. Furthermore, combination of cement content and RCA is the optimal combination which has the highest impact on the compressive strength.


As a way of being co-creators of Earth, this paper will reconstruct the classical Christian understanding of human self-transcendence and sin from an ecological perspective. Christian Theology has defined sin as rebellion against God which stems from the failure of self-transcendence in humanity as spiritual beings. This is defined as the prime sin, stressing the human capacity for vertical self-transcendence in the human spirit. This paper claims that this classical Christian view tends to exacerbate and accelerate our ecological problems and then attempts to establish a theological foundation on which we can primarily confess our prime sin as unnecessary violence against creation. For this theological project, this article first reviews Reinhold Niebuhr`s theological anthropology focusing on the following questions: How does Niebuhr explain the dynamic relations between human self-transcendence in spirit and human finitude in nature, based on the psychological structure of human existence? How does he locate the root of sin in human existential anxiety, which is derived from the ambiguous nature of existence? How does the sin of pride come into existence through the path of spirit and the sin of sensuality through the path of nature? And how does he see the sin of sensuality as an extension of the sin of pride and then subordinates the former into the latter? Why does he subordinate nature to spirit and the sin of sensuality to the sin of pride and then defines pride as the prime sin? The metaphysical reason why Niebuhr subordinates nature to spirit is to emphasize rebellion against God as the prime sin by recognizing that self-transcendence is only possible in spirit and Gcd as the absolute transcendent spirit, is only the source of value, meaning and norms of life. Based on the process philosophy of Marjorie Suchocki, who penetrated into the metaphysical reason for Niehur`s subordination of nature to spirit, this paper tries to find the possibility of a form of transcendence in nature. If each existence transcends other existences through its own uniqueness in the network of ontological interdependence of all forms of life, then this ecological meaning of sin with its horizontal and relative transcendence in nature can provide us with the possibility of meaning, value and norms for life in the world. This paper also examines how horizontal transcendence comes into existence in nature. How does Suchocki locate sin in the failure of self-transcendence in the network of interdependence in nature? This failure of self-transcendence in nature results in the destruction of creation. Then we can lay a theological base on which we begin to define rebellion or violence against creation as the prime sin and directly hold us accountable for the detenomtion of nature.


The paper presents a novel radial lens distortion modelling method for vision systems. It is based on single images of chessboard planar pattern, in which calibration points (corners of chessboard squares) are localised. The points, which are situated near the image centre, where the distortion is negligible, are used to determine undistorted grid of calibration points by the estimation of homographic matrix. The differences in the localisation of undistorted and distorted points are used to find parameters of radial model by the linear least square method. Having the distortion model, the dense compensation is performed with support of bilinear interpolation and a sparse compensation by Newton iterative scheme providing subpixel accuracy.


In this paper, some biographical data are presented about the three kings who ascended the Norwegian throne in the 20 th century: King Haakon VII, King Olav V and King Harald V. Although he was an immigrant, King Haakon had a strong relationship with the people, which was due to the egalitarian policy of the Royal House. The Royal Family has always been a national symbol and all the three kings contributed to the increasing popularity of the monarchy by political sagacity and their humane qualities. Although at the beginning of the 21 st century a part of the population favours a republic, the monarchy is still strong, with the head of state following the motto "All for Norway" ("Alt for Norge").


Primary health care services for all and improvement of public health level are the important sign of improvement of people's living quantity,as well as the important target of a well-off society and the construction of socialist modernization.The construction of rural primary health care system and consummate of its function are the problems which need resolve in the health care system reform recently,as well as the primary direction of the health care system reform.Establishing the perfect primary health care services network system contributes to further resolving the problem of rural residents who can not afford the medical expenditure.


Scholars usually classify motets according to the number of voices employed, the language of the texts in the upper voices, or both.' Particularly since the work of Friedrich Ludwig, terms such as 'bilingual double motet', 'Latin triple motet' and 'French two-part motet' have achieved unchallenged status in the secondary literature.2 While these generic terms now seem indispensable, classification by the number of voice parts, in particular, leads to problems when attempts are made to establish more specific sub-genres for motets with French texts, using terms such as 'refrain motet', 'motet ente', 'refrain cento', 'Kurzmotette', 'rondeau motet', or 'motet with terminal refrain'.3 A motet ente, for example, can be a piece involving from one to four voices, and it is often difficult to know whether the term applies to the whole composition or just to a single voice. Much the same could be said of the elusive refrain cento, though here the complexities are of a much higher order. In contrast, the term 'rondeau motet' can be shown to apply to a composition rather than to a single voice part. It is, however, difficult to codify the style of the thirteen surviving compositions considered rondeau motets when such a large proportion of them exhibit divergent characteristics. An exploration of this stylistic inconsistency forms the basis of this article.


Housebuilding companies are required to deal with customer complaints in the warranty period. Some of them have maintenance departments that make necessary repairs in existing buildings. Due to this service, companies accumulate records on the quality of projects, which can contribute to the understanding of occurrence defects and their causes, supporting continuous improvement. However, deficiencies in information management can make it difficult to use complaints records as a feedback source. The literature does not discuss solutions for managing information related to customer complaints, nor the use of performance metrics that can effectively provide feedback from quality problems identified. This study has two contributions: a classification structure for the types of defects identified from complaints, and indicators generated by fault tree analysis. The study was carried out in the maintenance department of a Brazilian housebuilding company. The evidence sources used were: complaint database analysis, discussion seminars, and interviews with the company representatives. The proposed solutions resulted in improvements regarding the structure and level of detail of the records. Also, the fault tree analysis made it possible to identify the most critical quality problems as well as to evaluate the level of impact of each one in project quality.


Necessary and sucient conditions for the existence of boundary controls at both endsof a string of length l are given for the critical case T = l . Being obtained in an explicit analytic formthese controls transform the process of forced string oscillations from an arbitrary initial state to anypre-assigned nal state.


This collection of new texts will unravel the notable turn to pedagogical models across a range of recent contemporary curatorial projects, art practices and artwriting as evidenced in a range of projects in recent years. Thirty international contributors including: 16Beaver, Ute Meta Bauer, Eva Diaz, Charles Esche, Annie Fletcher, Liam Gillick, Janna Graham, Ton Holert, Hassan Khan, Stuart Martin, Emily Pethick, Andrea Phillips, Irit Rogoff, Jan Verwoet, Anton Vidolke, Marion Von Osten, Tirdad Zolghadr and others.


Structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are popular for their ability to provide scalability, making them well-suited for large-scale applications. We show that structured P2P networks should be able to cope with network partitions and unifications. In this paper, we present three protocols to address this issue. We present a broadcast protocol (BP), by which each node may launch network partitions and unifications. We evaluate BP for various scenarios and show that it can hold convergence in dynamical conditions. We also present efficient network partition and unification protocols which do not require overlay reconstructions. Each node searches new fingers along the circle rather than simple re-creating them. Compared with present protocols, our protocols perform faster with less cost.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a worldwide health problem. It is often diagnosed by periodically- updated Rome symptom-based criteria, but the effects of recent updates on IBS diagnosis are not well clarified. This article overviews Rome III and IV IBS criteria, highlighting changes and updates that may impact IBS diagnosis. PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Clinical trials.gov, and WHO databases were searched through to July 2021. Rome IV criteria are more restrictive, specific, and precise in patients′ diagnosis, selection, prognosis, and follow-up than Rome III criteria, in turn, IBS prevalence and number of patients with IBS-unspecified and IBS-mixed subtypes decrease, but overall symptom severity and patients′ homogeneity increase. In essence, the slight difference between Rome III and IV criteria reflects a considerable influence on IBS diagnosis, subtyping, and prevalence. Rome IV IBS patients form a homogeneous subset of Rome III IBS patients with more severe symptoms. Thus, in-depth research is warranted.


The rise in ocular tension with age is dependent on a concomitant rise in systemic blood pressure. Sex, season, time of day and systemic blood pressure have independent effects on the distribution of applanation pressures in a population, but are to the best of our knowledge not associated with glaucoma. Their combined effects are large enough to support the opinion that they should be taken into account when evaluating the results of applanation tonometry.


[Extract] Vanuatu is a developing country with a small rural-based economy and limited high-value export products. It has a wealth of forest resources that provide benefits to local communities on both subsistence and commercial levels. Timber exports from Vanuatu have been a good source of foreign exchange, royalties and taxes. However, timber volumes have decreased over the past 10 years, reducing potential export earnings and royalties available to the Vanuatu Government. A positive outcome of this decline is that it has led to increased community and private interest in producing commercially significant forestry species, particularly the highly valuable sandalwood tree.


Purpose

This paper aims to establish public departments' compliance with National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ)'s records survey recommendations as well as to find out reasons for compliance and non-compliance.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative research used a survey research design and collected data using questionnaires, which were triangulated by document reviews and personal observation. A census approach was used where all 15 public departments upon which post-records survey inspections were conducted by Gweru Records Centre in the Midlands Province in 2016 were involved in the study.

Findings

The study revealed that many public departments in Zimbabwe disregarded records survey recommendations given by NAZ after records surveys. This was despite the fact that NAZ was armed with the National Archives of Zimbabwe Act (1986) which in principle is supposed to induce compliance by client departments. As a result, the records management situation in public departments has not improved much, and in some cases, it has become worse.

Originality/value

A lot has been published about records surveys in Zimbabwe, for example, by Chaterera (2008, 2013), Dewah (2010), Karimanzira and Mutsagondo (2015), Maboreke (2007) and Mutsagondo (2012). These studies have shown the importance of records surveys. However, none of them has evaluated the effectiveness of records surveys by examining the degree of compliance to records survey recommendations by public departments. This study thus scores a first in this regard. The study will enable NAZ to make a cost-benefit analysis of records surveys as well as to use results of this study to effect necessary operational, tactical and strategic decisions as regards the exercise.


We present a new method for automated discovery of inconsistencies in a complex manually annotated corpora. The proposed technique is based on Apriori algorithm for mining association rules from datasets. By setting appropriate parameters to the algorithm, we were able to automatically infer highly reliable rules of annotation and subsequently we searched for records for which the inferred rules were violated. We show that the violations found by this simple technique are often caused by an annotation error. We present an evaluation of this technique on a hand-annotated corpus PDT 2.0, present the error analysis and show that in the first 100 detected nodes 20 of them contained an annotation error.


The overall purpose of this study was to provide knowledge about the school situation of pupils in Sweden whose parents were both born abroad. The connections between the pupils' background, other factors shown to be significant in earlier studies, and school results have been identified and analysed. The study was based on the data compiled as part of the National Programme of Evaluation, which was carried out in 1992. The evaluation covered 101 schools with an approximate total of 10,000 pupils in the ninth grade. The group studied here, pupils whose parents were both born abroad, consisted of 576 pupils. Pupils did tests in various subjects and answered questionnaires. The model which served as the basis for the study comprised background variables, intermediate variables and result variables. The background variables which were examined were the mother's country of birth/continent of birth, attendance at schools in a country other than Sweden, length of time resident in Sweden, participation in home language instruction, and difficulties in Swedish because of immigrant background. The intermediate variables comprised parents, leisure time and school time, while the result variables dealt with the subjects Swedish, mathematics and English. In the case of the latter, skills and ability tests were studied as well as attitudes to the subjects and self-esteem in these. The group studied was highly heterogeneous. Those pupils with a mother born outside Europe belong to more recent groups of immigrants. They often have greater difficulties with Swedish. Length of time resident in Sweden and difficulties with Swedish, show a negative relationship between knowledge and skills in Swedish, mathematics and English. Nevertheless, the pupils have a positive attitude to learning and to the various subjects.


Article history: Received 28 April 2010 Received in revised form 27 September 2010 Accepted 30 September 2010 Available online xxxx PsycINFO classification: 230


The electrodeless drift-chamber technique is potentially very useful in applications requiring the drifting of ionization in gas over long distances in narrow channels. Chamber construction is simple and cheap; the technique is well suited to very large detectors operating in low-rate environments. Prototype tests on planar chambers reveal excellent drifting characteristics after the initial charging, but show a substantial degradation of pulse height from cosmic rays over a two-week period. The loss of efficiency appears to be caused by excess charge buildup on the dielectric surfaces of the chamber. Several solutions are suggested.


HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) occur in ∼45% of people with HIV (PWH). Older PWH are at‐risk for both HAND and age‐associated disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its precursor, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Distinguishing aMCI from HAND among PWH is a diagnostic challenge given that both aMCI and HAND criteria include memory deficits. Differences between aMCI and HAND may include a more amnestic (recall and recognition deficits) and degenerative profile in aMCI versus milder (recall but not recognition deficits) and typically stable memory deficits in HAND. We exploited these differences to classify PWH based on aMCI+/‐ and HAND+/‐ status and compared trajectories of learning, recall and recognition performance among these classification groups.


Sewage waters of medical institutions are usually treated at activated sludge plants, this method providing insufficient disinfection if sewage waters are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Alternative technologies have been developed for treating and disinfecting sewage waters using physic chemical methods such as thermal, electric-catalytic and plasma chemical methods. The recommended technological schemes and regime parameters of plants are presented. The field of application for developed water treatment plants is defined. The water treatment plants that have been put into service show high effect of sewage water treatment and disinfection.


Summary Multispectral satellite images are effective for solving a wide range of problems in the various application areas. In particular, ASTER spectroradiometer images recorded in the Short Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) and Thermal Infrared Ranges (TIR) ranges can provide the lithological mapping and mineralogical composition of rocks. The scale of the resulting maps is based on the spatial resolution of the recorded digital images corresponding to the sensor. The ASTER spectroradiometer corresponds to the thematic maps with 1: 100000 - 1: 500000 scales. The goal is to increase the spatial resolution (upsampling) ASTER images in the SWIR and TIR bands with saving their spectral characteristics. The problem is the inability to use most known Pan-Sharpening methods because of ASTER images specification. The stack of imagery does not have the appropriate high spatial resolution panchromatic reference image Using any image (from visible or near-infrared (VNIR) spectral ranges) as a reference is not a good idea because they contain the data captured in the narrow spectral range (only in green, or red, or infrared). Therefore, the applying of standard approaches causing significant distortion of the spectral characteristics of SWIR images after the Pan-Sharpening procedure. In this paper, the main idea is using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Deep Learning techniques for superresolution resampling Aster multispectral imagery. Accuracy assessment of proposed model shows better RMSE metric values (up to 50%) in the spectral characteristics of transformed images, as compared with standard pan-sharpening technics.


Intussusception is a common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction among children. Most cases occur during the first year of life. Intussusception can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, but most frequently originates near the ileocecal valve. Children presenting at older ages are more likely to have a pathologic lead point causing the intussusception. Herein we present a case of pediatric ileocolic intussusception with 3 intestinal lipomas as its pathologic lead point. Lipomas are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with no malignant potential. Children with a discrete pathologic lead point generally require surgical exploration and bowel resection.


The materials of the article are devoted to the issue of simulation modeling of construction mechanized technological equipment, in particular, modeling of the lifting and assembly module for the installation of a structural coating. Today, an urgent task in the construction market is the construction of large-scale structures, the life cycle of which is shortened, but the construction terms are reduced. Such a need exists in the construction of shelter hangars, field hospitals, warehouses, etc. As a rule, for urgent needs, buildings with light construction structures are erected, the covering of which is formed by structural blocks. A feature of such structures is multi-element support elements. A lifting assembly module is proposed for the installation of such structures.
It is essential that the mounted structural coating is assembled on the heads of the lifting and collecting modules in blocks, and the lifting of the structural block to the design mark occurs thanks to the module while simultaneously raising/assembling the supporting elements of the coating. Simulation computer modeling tools were used to study the possibility of implementing the assembly process using the lifting assembly module. It is proposed to use the parametric formation of sketches and 3D models when forming the design features of the module. The dissection of the elements of the new assembly module, support elements and structural coating to the level of simple parts made it possible to determine their mass characteristics with sufficient accuracy. The basic technical indicators of the assembly module and building structures, which can be used in the development of the assembly technology, were obtained.
Approaches to the use of cloud databases when using unified elements during design are defined.The use of simulated geometric modeling data allows to analyze the strength properties of the components of the technical system and, together with the visual observation data, to create a common information model of the building object with the possibility of qualitative analysis of the indicators of the specified elements of building structures.


The mean-square internal chain distances of the first four normal modes have been computed to investigate the effects of local chain expansion on the dynamics. The distribution of lifetimes of pair contacts between nonadjacent chain segments has also been determined. It is found that the observed distribution of pair contact lifetimes provides a possible explanation for the slowing of the motions of the third Rouse mode found recently by Downey and Kovac. The results are qualitatively consistent with the physical mechanism responsible for the «gel modes» introduced by Brochard and de Gennes


Residential broadband consumption is growing rapidly, increasing the gap between ISP costs and revenues. Meanwhile, proliferation of Internet-enabled devices is congesting access networks, frustrating end-users and content providers. We propose that ISPs virtualize access infrastructure, using open APIs supported through SDN, to enable dynamic and controlled sharing amongst user streams. Content providers can programmatically provision capacity to user devices to ensure quality of experience, users can match the degree of virtualization to their usage pattern, and ISPs can realize per-stream revenues by slicing their network resources. Using video streaming and bulk transfers as examples, we develop an architecture that specifies the interfaces between the ISP, content provider, and user. We propose an algorithm for optimally allocating network resources, leveraging bulk transfer time elasticity and access path space diversity. Simulations using real traces show that virtualization can reduce video degradation by over 50%, for little extra bulk transfer delay. Lastly, we prototype our system and validate it in a test-bed with real video streaming and file transfers. Our proposal is a first step towards the long-term goal of realizing open and agile access network service quality management that is acceptable to users, ISPs and content providers alike.


To investigate the mechanisms of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) differentiation induced by mimic myocardial microenvironment. BMSCs were isolated from human, and myocardial cells obtained from neonatal rat ventricles. BMSCs were cocultured with rat myocytes using semipermeable membrane. The differentiation of hBMSCs was confirmed by real‐time PCR, morphologic analysis, western blot, and contractile properties. Gene chips were used to compare the gene expression profiles of BMSCs with or without induction. After cocultured with rat myocytes, the first contractions from BMSCs were noted at day 7. Some BMSCs became hGATA‐4, sarcomeric α‐actinin and cTnI positive. However, the c‐kit, a stem cell marker, was expressed only before BMSCs induction. There were 511 genes upregulated and 295 genes downregulated after 2 weeks induction of BMSCs in cardiomyocytes microenvironment. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant contribution of Wnt pathway, Ca2+ transport, and antiapoptosis genes in the process of BMSCs differentiation. These results showed that BMSCs possesses the differentiation potential to cardiomyocyte in suitable microenvironment. The identification of gene regulating and signaling pathway will lead to a better understanding of BMSCs' oriented differentiation and molecular targets in myocardial regeneration.


We present a Modular Neural Network (MNN) for phoneme recognition within the framework of a hybrid system (neural networks and HMMs) for speakerindependent single word recognition. With this approach, we are taking the computational effort into account which is used as an additional criterion for assessing the system performance. The main idea of the proposed MNN is the distribution of the complexity for the phoneme classification task on a set of modules. Each of these modules is a single neural network which is characterized by its high degree of specialization. The number of interfaces, and therewith the possibilities for infiltering external acoustic-phonetic knowledge, increases for a modular architecture. Moreover, after the development of a suitable topology for the MNN, each of the modules can be optimized for its specific phoneme recognition task. This is done by detecting and pruning irrelevant input parameters and leads to a more efficient system in terms of memory and computational requirements.


Carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) has been introduced recently as an alternative material to be used in joint prostheses. During injection moulding of the CFR-PEEK the carbon fibres tend to become orientated in the direction of the plastic flow. The direction of these fibres may affect the wear produced by these materials. Reciprocation only and reciprocation plus rotation (multi-directional) pin-on-plate wear tests were performed on PAN-based CFR-PEEK against itself. The plates were manufactured with the carbon fibres mainly orientated either longitudinally (in the direction of reciprocation motion) or mainly transversally (perpendicular to the direction of motion) to determine the effect of carbon fibre orientation on the wear of these materials. For each test, four pin and plate samples were tested (two reciprocation only and two reciprocation plus rotation) for three and a half million cycles at a cycle frequency of 1 Hz under a 40 N load (which resulted in a contact stress of about 2 MPa). The lubricant used was bovine serum diluted with de-ionised water to a protein content of 17 gl-1. This was maintained at 37 °C. The wear was determined gravimetrically. Soak control specimens were used to account for any weight changes due to lubricant absorption. The average steady-state wear for the CFR-PEEK samples that underwent reciprocation motion only was found to be 5.41 and 18.7 × 10-8 mm3N-1m-1 for the longitudinal carbon fibres and the transverse fibres respectively. For the multi-directional tests, the average steady-state wear was 5.88 and 19.9 × 10-7 mm3N-1m-1 for the longitudinal and transverse fibres respectively. It is clear from these results that for both reciprocation motion only and reciprocation plus rotation the wear was considerably lower with the fibres orientated in the longitudinal direction than the transverse direction. Also, these tests show that reciprocation only gives approximately an order of magnitude lower wear than multi-directional motion. It can be concluded that the wear rate of CFR-PEEK is lower when the sliding motion occurs in the same direction as the carbon fibre orientation. Also, in these pin-on-plate tests, the wear produced using reciprocation motion only was an order of magnitude lower than that for the tests using multi-directional motion. The authors wish to thank INVIBIO Ltd for funding this research.


Predicting disease is usually done based on the experience and knowledge of the doctor. Diagnosis of such a disease is traditionally less effective. The development of medical diagnosis based on machine learning in terms of disease prediction provides a more accurate diagnosis than the traditional way. In terms of predicting disease can use artificial neural networks. The artificial neural network consists of various algorithms, one of which is the Backpropagation Algorithm. In this paper it is proposed that disease prediction systems use the Backpropagation algorithm. Backpropagation algorithms are often used in disease prediction, but the Backpropagation algorithm has a slight drawback that tends to take a long time in obtaining optimum accuracy values. Therefore, a combination of algorithms can overcome the shortcomings of the Backpropagation algorithm by using the success of the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) algorithm, which can overcome the slow convergence and local minimum problems contained in the Backpropagation algorithm. So the authors propose to combine the Backpropagation algorithm using the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in hopes of improving accuracy results better than using only the Backpropagation algorithm. The results resulted in a higher level of accuracy with the same number of iterations than using Backpropagation only. Can be seen in the first trial of breast cancer data with parameters namely hidden layer 5, learning rate of 2 and iteration as much as 5000 resulting in accuracy of 99.3 % with error 0.7% on Backpropagation Algorithm, while in combination BP & GSA got accuracy of 99.68 % with error of 0.32%.


The study examines the specifics of changes in the meanings of the city in interviews with older people. The author shows what restrictions in the use of material and social resources exist in urban spaces, how these restrictions are interrelated and how they create peculiarities in the interpretation of the meanings of cities by older people. The empirical basis of the study was 20 semi-structured interviews and 15 observation diaries with elderly people from St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk, which were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 14 to June 1, 2020. The key findings of the study relate to the different interpretations of urban spaces present in the locations where the study was conducted; secondly, how the limited material resources of the city and the perceived tightness of older people within one space affect social resources. In addition, the question is raised as to how the lack of material resources can be compensated through social resources, such as volunteer assistance. The presence of volunteers is limited in various cities, and restrictions on the provision of volunteer assistance are a serious problem for a large city of regional significance — Petrozavodsk.


Abstract This paper deals with the synthesis of 2-level networks of threshold logic elements for realizing non-linearly separable switching functions. Gate minimality has been ensured for the types of gates used. The method is straightforward and can be programmed in a computer.


We define the Carrier Poset, (P G ≤ P G ), for a biconnected simple graph G. The incidence algebra A(P G ), for this poset is considered by studying a certain class of functions f called broken cycle content functions. We describe matrices Mj of these functions as elements of A(P G ) with respect to a particular linear order on P G . For any such broken cycle content matrix for a full span chain. with the pre-cut and post-cut properties. in (P G ≤ P G ), we show that there is an associated submatrix of Mp which is upper triangular weakly decreasing in rows, and weakly increasing in columns. we study full span bicomponent trees for biconnected simple graphs and interpret our results on chains in terms of these structures. These results suggest a general mathematical view of why certain classical optimal graph algorithms always seem to work in regions of P G associates with such full span chains.


The urbanization process in the spatial distribution of the number of urban and rural students on the stage of compulsory education in Ningxia will continue having a significant impact: region and the municipalities,counties and districts within the compulsory education of urban and rural students to the tremendous changes in the spatial distribution of both rural and urban education integrated development goals the promotion of balanced development of compulsory role in promoting the protection of education fair presented new challenges,the need strengthening the relevant prediction research,timely adjustment of the orientation and focus of investment in education,actively explore the establishment of new institutional mechanisms of investment in education.


Deactivation of chlorobenzene in aromatic electrophilic substitution may arise from the unique energy level of chlorine lone pair orbital which is higher than the subjacent π-molecular orbital of benzene (π1), in sharp contrast to the widely accepted concept that inductive electron-withdrawing property (−I effect) of chlorine should be responsible for ring deactivation. The role of π1 in protonation at C-4 is found to be as important as the frontier orbital (π2).