This paper introduced the structural features of whole-circle steel-mould stair vehicles of whole-cross needle bridge,analyzed its construction technology such as installation and shift,lining process,form removing and concrete curing after lining,and the lining advantages and effects of this vehicle were summarized.It can be widely popularized and applied in lining construction of similar engineering.


Hong Kong was a small Chinese town with a population of 7,450 in 1841 when it was occupied by British troops during the Opium War (1840-1842). It was ceded to the British in the next year after China lost the war and was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing. It returned to the sovereignty of China on July 1, 1997, and has become a special administrative region of China. Hong Kong has undergone tremendous growth during the past one and a half centuries. According to the latest census in 1996, it has a population of 6,218,000, with ethnic Chinese comprising about 98 per cent (d. Bacon-Shore and Bolton 1998 for a historical profile).


Introduction: Non-invasive interactive neurostimulation (InterX ) methodologies for treating post-operative pain and facilitating recovery after injury have been anecdotally known to be effective and more recently proven efficacious in clinical trials. InterX is FDA cleared for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, however a recent clinical trial showed reductions in inflammation in the treated group compared to control*. While the pain relief mechanisms are widely accepted, the mechanism by which a reduction of inflammation occurs is not well documented. In this study it is hypothesized that changes in lymphocyte metabolism, gene expression and cytokine production following noninvasive interactive neurostimulation may illustrate mechanisms of action related to the body's inflammatory response.


We describe the NHS Infection Intelligence Platform (IIP) as a comprehensive, dynamic and responsive infection surveillance and research resource for Scotland. The IIP will integrate many different strands of electronic infection data in a safe and secure environment, with the aim of improving public health. It will harness existing health data to support clinicians in improving patient outcomes and reduce harm from community and healthcare acquired infection.


I think of a probability distribution as an object, like a black box, that outputs numbers. A number-producing box for the standard normal distribution has a label, N (0, 1), and a button. If we press the button, the box displays a number. You can simulate this process at a python prompt by typing np.random.randn() (after importing numpy as usual). If you 'press the button' multiple times, or run randn() multiple times, you'll get different numbers. To attach a label to an outcome from the generator we write in mathematics x ∼ N (0, 1), or in code x = np.random.randn().


Within the Australian cement industry, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a critical concern due to the need for environmental sustainability and the emphasis on economic survival. As a component of corporate governance, CSR involves multiple stakeholders and layers of decision-making. Employees are integral to this process but are often omitted from research and debate on this contemporary topic. This article explores the perceptions and experiences of employees in the context of CSR in an Australian cement manufacturing plant. It focuses on the broader application of CSR in this corporate context and the perceptions of employees as to their understanding of CSR and how it impacts their experiences of work. This exploration can provide insight into the role of employees in CSR decision-making and the limits to their inclusivity in this important process.


Acoustic phase velocity measurements of a bubbly liquid in a cylindrical tube have been made with a fiber optic laser interferometer (FOLI) and hydrophones. Past experimental configurations of sound propagation studies in tubes filled with air–water mixtures consisted of hydrophones or piezoelectric pill transducers (PZPTs). Since hydrophones are intrusive sensors they impose a lower limit on the tube diameter (the tube diameter should be large compared to the hydrophone). Embedded PZPTs are typically spaced periodically imposing a limit on the resolution of the measured profile of the standing wave due to the finite size of the transducers. The advantages of the FOLI are the nonintrusive nature of the detection scheme, enhanced resolution, flexibility, and continuous scanning capabilities over a wide range of frequencies limited by the frequency response of the receiving photodiode and the properties of the membrane. The FOLI consisted of a Helium–Neon laser, a fiber optic beam splitter, a miniature lens, a photodiode, and a very thin reflective membrane which resides against the interior tube wall. The membrane is suspended by a small torus‐shaped magnet located on the exterior of the tube wall allowing continuous maneuverability in the vertical position of the membrane. The magnet also serves as the mount for the lens assembly.


Problems that are often encountered in increasing the production of large chili plants are pests and diseases. Some important pests that generally attack chili plants are armyworms, aphids, fruit flies, and mites. The study aimed to obtain citronella biopesticides that were effective in controlling fruit fly pests on large chili plants, using a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 levels of treatment and 5 repetitions. Biopesticide treatment consisted of citronella ash biopesticide (Ts4), citronella extract (Ts3), citronella oil (Ts2), existing (Ts1), and without biopesticide (Ts0). The results showed that citronella oil biopesticides (Ts2) had better potency than other biopesticides and controls. All citronella biopesticide treatments have low effectiveness against fruit fly pests (<40%). The main weather factor is high-intensity rain which greatly affects the effectiveness of biopesticide in the process of controlling fruit flies. Economically, the application of citronella biopesticides technology and existing biopesticides is beneficial for businesses. The value of income per hectare from large chili farming starts from the highest to the lowest respectively: treatment Ts2 (income Rp. 60,977,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.640), Ts3 (income Rp. 57,852,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.516), Ts1 (income Rp. 57,527,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.504), Ts4 (income Rp. 53,952,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.346) and Ts0 (income Rp. 46,852,000 with a B/C ratio = 2.171). With an average B/C ratio of > 1, it means that the citronella biopesticide technology is feasible to be developed to control fruit fly pests on large chili plants.


With the development of GPU general-purpose computing, GPU heterogeneous cluster has become a widely used parallel data processing solution in modern data center. Temperature management and controlling has become a new research hotspot in big data continuous computing. Temperature heat island in cluster has important influence on computing reliability and energy efficiency. In order to prevent the occurrence of GPU cluster temperature heat island, a big data task scheduling model for preventing temperature heat island was proposed. In this model, temperature, reliability and computing performance are taken into account to reduce node performance difference and improve throughput per unit time in cluster. Temperature heat islands caused by slow nodes are prevented by optimizing scheduling. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can control node temperature and prevent the occurrence of temperature heat island under the premise of guaranteeing computing performance and reliability.


D iscourse on the politics of discrimination in West Bengal underwent some qualitative change in the aftermath of independence, with a marked departure from the oldstyle conceptualization of the term discrimination. People of West Bengal and hence the government are said to be highly politicized and modernized and have never submitted to the Centre, the Indian national government, even during the first two and a half decades after independence when Indian federalism was characterized by unchallenged unity and consensus. Even during that time the West Bengal government led by the Congress party is said to have retained some independence, and unlike other states of the Indian Union, the relation of West Bengal with the Centre was quite conflict prone. Nevertheless, the Congress government in West Bengal during the pre–Left Front era did not intend to rebel against the structure of the Indian federation, nor did it demand any far-reaching structural change of the federal system through any kind of amendment to the Constitution. All it had to contend was that the sufferings of West Bengal would have minimized once the constitutional provisions of Central resource transfers to the states were properly followed, that is, if the criteria of devolving funds were adopted and applied in accordance with the constitutional mandate. However, the style of bargain and also the issues had undergone a sea change soon after the United Front government took charge in 1967 and brought forth two fundamental changes. For the first time ever, preexisting tensions in the Centre-state relationship became an issue of political mobilization, a clear shift from the earlier period. In addition, instead of limiting itself in the operational aspects of the federal fiscal relationship, the state government started questioning the very structural mold of the Indian federation.


The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it presents basic assumptions of Alf Ross' theory of legal validity. Secondly, it examines validity of Ross' theory in context of current psychological research into the judicial decision-making. For Ross the utterance concerning valid legal rule is a prediction to the effect that the judge will use the rule as the basis for his future decisions. Such predictions are possible on the assumption of objective criterion motivating the judge's actions, which for Ross is a normative ideology shared by the judges. Such ideology is based on the sources of law in the proper hierarchy. Individual factors, which cannot form a basis for strong predictions are deliberately excluded from Ross' theory. Although he was fully aware of the complexity of human decision-making process, yet had to ignore that aspect of human motivation, which would be useless as a basis for predictions. The question is whether a theory based on fully objective factors is in accordance with current research in the field of judicial decision-making. The article analyses some of the current researches in order to establish whether they give a clear image of the process of judging, and how this image might affect Ross' theory of validity. As it is stated no such clear image emerges from the current empirical data. For this reason, the allegation that Ross' theory is empirically outdated cannot be sustained. Moreover, even if empirical data indicate that subjective criteria play a significant part in judge's decisions, they will not undermine Ross' predictive theory of legal validity.


Background/Aims: There are few prospective evaluations of the effectiveness of worksite wellness programs in achieving improved lifestyle and health. Our study has two objectives: to assess the cross-sectional associations of biometric status, lifestyle, and health obtained at a wellness program's enrollment session, and to assess changes in biometric status, lifestyle, and health between the enrollment and 6-month disenrollment sessions. Methods: For this prospective cohort study, participants were recruited from Kaiser Permanente Georgia (KPG) subscribers who were employed at a mid-sized private employer group. Participants completed a biometric assessment and written survey. The biometric measures included height, weight, blood pressure, hip/waist ratio, and total cholesterol. The written survey included measures of: health (SF-12), patient activation (PAM-13), leisure physical activity (BRFSS), food screeners (Block), and work presenteeism (SPS-6) and absenteeism. Over the next 6 months, participants will attend seminars on exercise, weight loss, and healthy cooking and eating. The biometric assessment and survey be repeated in February 2010. Results: Of the 63 eligible KPG subscribers, 60 (41 females and 19 males) consented to participate. Participant ages ranged from 28–77 years. Overall, physical and emotional health, activation, leisure physical activity, dietary intake, and BMI were comparable to results obtained among relatively healthy, low risk working age adults in a 2005 survey of KPG subscribers in large group employers. Total cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05), positively associated with percent fat in diet; and, percent fat in diet was significantly, inversely associated with activation. Participants with 1 or more days absent from work in the most recent 4-week period reported significantly higher total cholesterol and percent fat in diet and significantly lower activation. Participants with high levels of presenteeism were significantly less likely to report leisure physical activity at the recommended level. Conclusions: The initial results indicate that improving levels of activation (improved self-efficacy, motivation to pursue a healthy lifestyle and adhere to recommended care) might improve dietary intake (thereby reducing fat intake and cholesterol levels) and decrease BMI. The final wellness program evaluation will indicate how much change in these measures might occur in a relatively healthy group of working age adults.


The composite filter assembly (E) for removing dust from fluids, wherein a rough dust filter located in the direction from the inflow side to the outflow side (A), a fine dust filter layer (B) and a support layer (C) are arranged one behind the other, wherein the fiber diameter distribution within the coarse filter layer (A) and the fine dust filter layer (B) has a gradient wherein the fiber diameter of the coarse filter layer (a) and the fine dust filter layer (B) of the inflow to the outflow side continuously decrease, and wherein the fiber diameter of the coarse filter layer (a) and the fine dust filter layer (B) in the range of the contacting surfaces is less than 20% different.


Information and Communication Technologies and Real-Life LearningThe Sourcebook for Teaching Science, Grades 6-12Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesThe Virtual UniversityHow to Write and Use Instructional ObjectivesThe SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and EvaluationA Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and AssessingHow to Use Bloom's Taxonomy in the Classroom The Complete GuideEncyclopedia of the Sciences of LearningDesigning a New Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesThe New Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesBehavioral ObjectivesEncyclopedia of Educational Reform and DissentTaxonomy of Educational ObjectivesExtensions to Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesTaxonomy of Educational ObjectivesA Conceptual Framework for Educational ObjectivesBloom's TaxonomyTaxonomy of Educational ObjectivesClassroom Assessment & Grading that WorkA Taxonomy of the Psychomotor DomainTaxanomy of Educational ObjectivesThe Seven Laws of TeachingIntroduction Plant TaxonmyDeveloping Talent in Young PeopleTeaching TodayEvaluation to Improve LearningPlanning Programs for Adult LearnersObjectives for Instruction and EvaluationDesigning and Assessing Educational ObjectivesMental CultureTaxonomy of Educational ObjectivesUsing Bloom's Taxonomy to Write Effective Learning Objectives: The Abcds of Writing Learning Objectives: A Basic GuideDefining Educational ObjectivesHow to Prepare a Dissertation ProposalIntroduction to Steroid ChemistryMarzano's Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesHealth and Physical EducationKrathwohlBiology of Root Formation and Development


Although the strategic production of prolactin‐inducible protein (PIP) at several ports of pathogen entry into the body suggests it might play a role in host defense, no study has directly implicated it in immunity against any infectious agent. Here, we show for the first time that PIP deficiency is associated with reduced numbers of CD4+ T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues and impaired CD4+ Th1‐cell differentiation in vitro. In vivo, CD4+ T cells from OVA‐immunized, PIP‐deficient mice showed significantly impaired proliferation and IFN‐γ production following in vitro restimulation. Furthermore, PIP‐deficient mice were highly susceptible to Leishmani major infection and failed to control lesion progression and parasite proliferation. This susceptibility was associated with impaired NO production and leishmanicidal activity of PIP KO macrophages following IFN‐γ and LPS stimulation. Collectively, our findings implicate PIP as an important regulator of CD4+ Th1‐cell‐mediated immunity.


This work presents new approaches to plant classifcation and plant position estimation to enable feld robot based precision agriculture. The developed methods are designed for challenging real world feld situations with small crop plants, presence of close-to-crop weed and overlap of plants. The plant classifcation system is able to distinguish two or more plant classes in feld images without the need for error-prone plant or leaf segmentation. The plant
 position estimation pipeline solves the generic problem of determining the position of both crop and weed plants only from image data. The combination of both methods allows feld robots to autonomously determine the type and position of plants in the feld to realize precision agriculture tasks such as single plant weed control. Experiments with a feld robot prove the applicability of the presented methods for challenging feld scenarios encountered for example in organic vegetable farming.
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 Symbols and Abbreviations  . . . . . ...


Abstract The following article discusses the poetic output in Beneška Slovenia (Benečija) written for the Senjam Song Festival of Benečija. While considering the context of the region's history and migrations, it focuses on the literary aspects of the festival, particularly on the analysis of the themes and the poetry writing technique. It builds on certain theoretical premises from literary imagology and psychoanalysis. The subject of the analysis are the lyrics from the period between 1971 and 2012, published in a three-volume collection featuring over 150 authors. The article notes the following most prevalent themes: issues of assimilation, migration, and the dying of villages in Benečija. Categorised by basic mood, they fall under one of two extremes: they are either cheerful and humorous in order to encourage and bring joy and hope to the Slovenes of Benečija; or they are pervaded with deep pain and concern over the situation in their region. The lyrics of the latter use a particular writing technique, which merely hints at the pressures of assimilation, conveying them through images and metaphors.


In this paper analytical travel time model for the computation of cycle times and throughput performance of the multi-tier shuttle-based storage and retrieval system, is presented. The proposed model considers the real operating characteristics of the shuttle carrier and the elevators lifting table. Assuming uniform distributed storage locations and the probability theory, expressions for the expected cycle time of the elevators lifting table and the shuttle carrier were determined. The proposed model enables the calculation of the expected cycle time, from which the performance of the multi-tier shuttle-based storage and retrieval system can be evaluated


The article reviews the concepts of the French anthropologist and political theorist Sylvain Lazarus and the philosopher Alain Badiou, who suggest a new perspective on the subjective foundations of politics as thought. The focus on the subjective foundations of politics can be explained by the initial ambiguity in the works of the French theorists, who interpret the activities of the intellectual activist in different ways. The paper shows that Sylvain Lazarus is more concerned with the intellectual activity of political activists, whom he categorizes as political activists and politicians by the degree of intellectual activity. It was concluded that, according to Lazarus, politicians occupy a priority position. They are presented as professional lone thinkers with revolutionary consciousness, which allows them to think politics from the perspective of a probable revolution. In this regard, the politics, according to Lazarus, is a politics of revolutionary action. It was found that in Alain Badiou's theory the semantic emphasis is on the participation of intellectuals in politics. Based on Plato's thought on the development of a philosopher, Badiou formulates the idea of an exemplary subject of politics. The exemplary subject of politics is a philosopher-mathematician who is good at mathematical logic.


This article examines the dimensional structure of roll-call voting in the Senate. Using an unfolding analysis based on interest group ratings, a single ideological dimension is found. The robustness of this dimension is explored by examining how well it explains a series of roll-call votes on foreign policy issues. As anticipated, the ideological dimension predicts these votes better than do other baseline models. This provides strong support for unidimensional theories of congressional voting behavior. Additionally, it suggests that while foreign policy may be substantively different from domestic policy, it is evaluated on the basis of a common ideological dimension.


The invention provides a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, which comprises: a first composition selected from one or a combination of transition metal oxides excluding a second composition, and the second composition selected from one or a combination of cerium oxide, cerium-zirconium compound oxide and cerium-titanium compound oxide. The catalyst can be applied in the form of a granular catalyst, and can also be coated on multiporous integral ceramic to be applied in the form of a honeycomb catalyst. The invention also provides a manufacturing method for the catalyst, which comprises the following steps that: a precursor of the first composition is used to prepare the first composition; the second composition is prepared; and the first composition is loaded onto the second composition. Certain preferable embodiments for the catalyst can ensure that the health of human beings and animals can not be affected when the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogenoxide (NOx) emission is performed.


Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have the potential to improve stroke prevention among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We sought to determine if oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment rates have increased since the approval of DOACs. Methods: We identified 6,688 patients with AF at an academic medical center from January 2008 to June 2015. We examined OAC prescription rates over time and according to CHA2DS2VASc score using multivariable Poisson regression models, with an interaction term between risk score and year of AF diagnosis. Results: Among 6,688 AF patients, 78% had CHA2DS2VASc scores ≥2, 51.6% of whom received an OAC prescription within 90 days of diagnosis. The OAC prescription rate was 47.8% in the pre-DOAC era and peaked at 56.4% in 2014. Relative to the pre-DOAC era, prescription rates increased in 2012 and leveled off thereafter. The prescription rate for the highest risk group was 58.5%, compared with 45.0% in patients with a CHA2DS2VASc score of 2 (p < 0.01). In the adjusted analysis, prescription rates were higher for the higher risk group (adjusted relative risk 1.24 for CHA2DS2VASc score 7-9 vs. 2, 95% CI 1.09-1.40). Conclusions: OAC treatment rates have increased since DOAC introduction, but substantial treatment gaps remain, specifically among the higher risk patients.


AbstractThe Ultrasonic/Sonic Driller/Corer (USDC), a novel percussive drilling mechanism, is a tool for rock sampling in support of planetary exploration. This mechanism consists of three component...


This study investigated children' s ability to comprehend deceptive point gestures. Thirty 3‐ 4 1 2-year-olds participated in a game in which a sticker was hidden under one of two containers. A confederate provided misleading clues about the location of the sticker by either pointing to or placing a marker on the container without the sticker. Across ages, children performed less well when the clue was the point than when it was the marker. They were able to use the misleading marker cue, learning to look under the unmarked container. However, they could not do this for the misleading point. These results concur with those from studies of point production (Carlson, Moses & Hix, 1998) in indicating that deceptive pointing may be a misleading measure of children' s abilities. At a very early age children learn the communicative value of the point gesture. This knowledge may become so entrenched that children have dife culty interpreting points in a novel manner. A challenge facing developmental psychologists is e nding behaviours to index children' s underlying knowledge. This issue has come to the foreground in research on children' s theories of mind. Finding problems with the classic ' Maxi' task (Wimmer & Perner, 1983), several researchers have argued that children' s ability to deceive another person may be a more sensitive indicator of whether children understand false beliefs (e.g.


A data management package, called Organized C, is described. The main features of this package are simple and compact declarations which translate organizations into the definitions of classes, pointers, and access functions. This method adds a new dimension to the inheritance mechanism, works with both C and C++, and is specifically useful for CAD software which often deals with large and complex data. It also leads to a unified coding style for algorithms and memory resident databases. Practical experience indicates that organized C improves software quality and productivity in both C and C++: coding and debugging three times faster is common, while the run-time performance and memory remain as good as those of hand-coded C. Resulting programs are strongly typed, protected against dangling pointers and, because of their clear organization, are much easier to maintain.<<ETX>>


The power system simulation software,as a powerful tool for the planning,operation and technical innovation of power systems,becomes more important now as the electrical power system getting more and more complex.Analyzing the limitation of traditional power system simulation software,and introducing the modern IT techniques that may dramatically effect the development of power system simulation software,this paper discusses the possibility of developing a new-generation power system simulation software based on the distributed developing mode,high-performance computation technique,object-oriented programming as well as self-explanatory data interchanging model with open structure.


The working principle of magnetic bearing was introduced,the mathematic model of its control system was established,and the simulation result was given by making use of Simulink,it is important for the studying stability of magnetic bearing.


This paper presents the results of an investigation aimed at obtaining symmetrical beams of high directivity from linear end‐fire arrays. A principal deterrent to the use of such arrays is the marked beam distortion and loss of symmetry as steering angles of 60° and greater are reached (90° being the full end‐fire position), for free‐line or baffle‐mounted arrays. An array configuration is described that produces a symmetrical beam at the true end‐fire position. Methods of increasing the directivity of these arrays were also examined. In particular, an analysis of the Schelkunoff polynomial synthesis was made, and experiments with the Hansen‐Woodyard technique were performed with favorable results. Additional results of the investigation showed that of all the constraints on achieving end‐fire radiation, edge diffraction is the most significant for linear arrays. Experimental results also established some general transducer and array‐design criteria to aid in end‐fire‐array applications.


International organization — Officials — Sources of law — Medical questions — Employer's implied powers to deal with sick employees — Sick leave — Procedure for challenging opinions of Secretariat's medical advisers — Application of rules by analogy — Confinement of official in mental hospital — Repatriation of sick official — Disclosure of medical information — Remedies — Damages.


The digitization of journalism has increasingly enabled news organizations to monitor the behavior of online news users by using metric tools such as Google Analytics or Chartbeat. Large screens in newsrooms show real-time numbers of the amount of visitors on a news website, allowing editors to adjust the contents of their websites adherently (Anderson, 2011; MacGregor, 2007; Vu, 2014). Gathering this type of data is grounded in the tradition of audience measurement devices which started in the US in the 1950s and consolidated in the 1970 when the first people meters were installed to monitor how long, when, and what programs have been watched on television (Vicente-Marino, 2013, p. 43). With the advent of online media, it has become possible to also track online news consumption starting around the year 2000 (Coffey, 2001). While metric tools gather information of individual websites, tracking of online user consumption of a group of respondent is a booming business. Even though ethical questions when monitoring users' online behaviour remain (Lotz, 2004) and scholars question the meaning of a click – does it e.g. mean someone is interested in the news? And does a nonclick also mean non-interest? (Costera Meijer & Groot Kormelink, 2014, p. 10) -, several research companies developed trackers that monitor respondents online behaviour both on desktop, laptop, mobile and tablet. In the US, Nielsen created the Online Netview Panel and the Dutch companies TNS Nipo and Wakoopa offers similar tools. In the Netherlands the Dutch Digital Media Measurement (DDMM) research distributes periodical overviews of the most visited websites in the Netherlands on all platforms and devices.


The New Zealand dairy goat industry is a world leader in the production of goat milk-based paediatric formulae. Increased milk production per goat is necessary to support the growing demand for goat milk products. One way of achieving this is by optimisation of the cut-and-carry feed supply system. The effect of feeding system on milk production was investigated on two farms: low input (LI) and higher input (HI), from August 2013 to May 2014. Fresh pasture contributed 51% and 34% of dietary energy offered on LI and HI farms, respectively, whereas grain supplements contributed 28% and 39% of dietary energy on LI and HI farms. There were differences between the LI and HI farms in key measures of forage supply: dry matter (DM) intake (2.8 vs 2.4 kg DM/hd/day), energy intake (35 vs 29 MJME/hd/day), and protein intake (513 vs 320 g/hd/day) for LI and HI respectively. Goats on LI farm had greater average lactation milk solids (+11 kg MS/hd/year) and milk protein (+3 kg/hd/year) yields than goats on HI farm (104 kg MS/hd/year and 28 kg milk protein/hd/year). The greater production per goat on the LI farm was driven by higher intakes of DM, energy and protein, underpinned by the large proportion of fresh pasture in the diet. The higher level of supplement use on the HI farm did not result in greater production because of the lower quality of the diet overall.


The present invention comprises a copy support substrate, it will release on a semiconductor body and a method of manufacturing the same. In the method, the combination of a structured semiconductor layer sequence (2) and the support substrate wafer (1) is formed. The semiconductor layer sequence is divided into a plurality of semiconductor layer stack 200 by a cut (6) penetrating the semiconductor layer sequence, a support substrate wafer (1) is the cutting of the support through the substrate wafer (1) 7 is divided into a plurality of the support substrate 100 by the. At this time, the coupling structure is formed of at least one semiconductor layer stack 200 is to mate with exactly one supporting substrate 100 associated with it. In addition, at least one cut (7) is how the cutting of straight through to the cut (6) which cutting, the support and the substrate wafer a semiconductor layer sequence by the one of the semiconductor layer sequence generated that passes through the support substrate wafer , it does not extend. A support substrate wafer, the semiconductor layer stack, the through cut, offset direction, structured bond


Creative experimental teaching is the key link for cultivating student practice ability and creative ability. This paper puts forward experimental teaching reformation against the problems of laboratory decentralization, function overlapping, experimental teaching system weakness after college combination, builds a experimental teaching system including two systems, five modules and two combination, and indicates the harmonious development of knowledge, ability and quality. We got six opening models, three examining projects and seven specific measures which can ensure the creative experimental teaching system in good operating. Research results were used to guide the construction of water resource and environmental experiment center, and received remarkable effects.


In a similar vein, the authors indicate that "...meanings are not entirely in the words themselves, but depend upon a variety of factors extrinsic to the words and sentences used." What the authors have left out is the most significant principle: meanings are only inside people. Any symbolic system is essentially an arbitrary method of stimulating people so they will respond with some degree of consistency. But the evidence shows that no two people ever respond in the same way to the same thing. There may be similarities and a certain degree of concomitant response which allow us to understand each other, but beyond that there is very little with which we can now cope. No wonder we have so much difficulty understanding and being understood. I think the authors have created a book which maximizes the possibilities of being understood in the area they have presented. What they may have avoided or missed does not vitiate the value of what is there.


F or decades, physicists have speculated about the existence of ultralight bosons. These hypothetical particles have the potential to solve myriad puzzles in physics, from the strong charge-parity problem to the dark matter mystery. But most proposals for detecting ultralight bosons assume a large particle abundance or a particular coupling to the standard model. Now, John Stout of Harvard University and his colleagues suggest a new detection strategy, based on gravitational-wave observations, that doesn't depend on those assumptions [1].


1. Introduct ion The transport in.core plasmas strongly interacts with SOL plasmas across the separatrix. The density profile of the core plasma near the separatrix is affected by the neutral influx from the SOL, while the SOL plasma itself is governed by the outflux of charged particles and energy from the core. Since the transport mechanism changes abruptly across the separatrix, an interface between the region of closed magnetic surfaces and the region of open field lines, various interesting phenomena may occur in this region. In order to describe the interaction between the core and the SOL plasmas, we have developed a one-dimensional transport code (TASK/TX) including the radial electric field and plasma rotation. This code solves the fluid equations of electrons and ions, the Maxwell equations, and the diffusion equation of neutrals. In addition to the neoclassical transport and turbulent transport, the loss along the field line in the SOL and the recycling are taken into account. In section 2, we briefly describe the transport model. Formation of an electric field peak and steeping of density gradient are studied in section 3.


We consider a model of socially interacting individuals that make a binary choice in a context of positive additive endogenous externalities. It encompasses as particular cases several models from the sociology and economics literature. We extend previous results to the case of a general distribution of idiosyncratic preferences, called here Idiosyncratic Willingnesses to Pay (IWP).Positive additive externalities yield a family of inverse demand curves that include the classical downward sloping ones but also new ones with non constant convexity. When $j$, the ratio of the social influene strength to the standard deviation of the IWP distribution, is small enough, the inverse demand is a classical monotonic (decreasing) function of the adoption rate. Even if the IWP distribution is mono-modal, there is a critical value of $j$ above which the inverse demand is non monotonic, decreasing for small and high adoption rates, but increasing within some intermediate range. Depending on the price there are thus either one or two equilibria.Beyond this first result, we exhibit the {\em generic} properties of the boundaries limiting the regions where the system presents different types of equilibria (unique or multiple). These properties are shown to depend {\em only} on qualitative features of the IWP distribution: modality (number of maxima), smoothness and type of support (compact or infinite).The main results are summarized as {\em phase diagrams} in the space of the model parameters, on which the regions of multiple equilibria are precisely delimited.


This paper is going to develop two soft switching DC-DC converters based on the half-bridge inductive converter for the design of the power electronic interface for fuel cell applications. One operates in ZVS mode, another in ZCS mode. The ZVS converter can overcome the drawbacks of the original structure but is more complicated. The ZCS converter can't operate at the duty cycle less than 0.5 but is simpler and more suitable for fuel cell applications. Flexible choice of components, low losses, high efficiency and modular converter possibility are all interesting characteristics of theses converters. Operation principle and characteristics are presented. Experimental results on a 2 kW converter of each structure are going to validate the theory analysis


The core competence of arts subject,which can promote the development of arts subject,is the capability of sustaining long-term competitive advantage.Researches on academic competitiveness are still at the early stage of conception introduction,imitation and the preliminary design of elements of core competence.There is little study on the application of core competence to arts subject which aims at improving the quality of innovative talents.After the exploratory factor analysis(EFA) of core competence evaluation system of arts subject,we believe that the evaluation system consists of the following three first-order indices:competitive resources,competitive capabilities and competitive performances.Competitive resources include four second-order indices:research leaders,research teams,research and talents cultivation conditions and particular academic value.Competitive capabilities comprise unique value-creation capability,gaining research funds,academic communication capability,talents cultivation and academic operational capabilities.Competitive performances involve three second-order indices:research performance,cultivation performance and academic reputation.


(1973). The Russian Constitutional Experiment: Government and Duma, 1907–1914. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 1, No. 10, pp. 233-233.


A study of 84 respondents in an online questionnaire showed that there is no significant difference in agreeableness between tea and coffee users nor is there a correlation between tea use and the level of dubiousness. Agreeableness was measured using the Big Five Inventory and dubiousness was measured using hidden data gathered by counting the number of clicks while making the questionnaire.


Fisetin (3,3 ', 4', 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the class of flavonoid compounds with a various activities as a natural antioxidants. Fisetin has a very low bioavailability of about 10%, this is due to the low water solubility so that the provision of fisetin in oral form is rarely given. One approach to increasing solubility is to make spherical crystals. This study aims to determine the spherical crystal fisetin with spherical agglomeration method the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide,. Fisetin spherical crystal polymers are formulated with a variety of formulated 1 PVP 1%, Formulated 2 PVA 1% and Formulated 3 PEG 4000 1%, prepared by the method of spherical agglomeration. Fisetin dissolved in DMSO, is added to the polymer PVP 1% and stirred with a magnetic stirrer to form a saturated sediment then add chloroform to form spherical crystals are seen in the microscope is marked with a round crystal form. Characterization of spherical crystal morphology fisetin include microscopy, solubility, SEM and determination% yield. The results showed that the spherical crystal fisetin with polymer PVP 1% spherical crystals form. The yield method 400C oven at a temperature of 93%. Results of the spherical crystal fisetin SEM with a magnification of 2500 times showed the size of 10μm and already formed spherical crystals. The amount of dissolved crystalline spheric of fisetin in solubility test was 9.0706 mg / ml of 10 mg added.
Keywords : Fisetin, spherical agglomeration method, polymer.


In this paper the effects of food type on reproduction of copepods were investigated by feeding the planktonic copepod Paracalanus parvus in laboratory. Paracalanus parvus reared on diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (CM) had lower egg production (0.31 plusmn 0.05 eggs female -1 d -1 ) and female longevity. In contrast, the flagellate Isochrysis galbana (IA) supported relatively high egg production (6.98 plusmn 1.02 eggs female -1 d -1 ) and female longevity. The analysis of egestion indicated that the inhibition of CM was mainly due to deterrence. In filtered seawater, CM had lower hatching success than IA, indicating that the difference in hatching of Paracalanus parvus were associated with maternal effect. Among all treatments, hatching success in filtered seawater were significantly higher than that in algal suspension, indicating that probably not only diatom but also other phytoplankton could release inhibitory agents at high concentration.


Source location algorithms, recently proposed in the literature as a means to determine the origin of sags upstream or downstream from the measuring point, have been compared. Testing has been carried out using 471 records of asymmetrical voltage sags gathered from HV/MV substations of the Catalan power network, in the northeast of Spain. Six different algorithms have been included in the test, and the significance of their attributes has been analysed using a data mining approach. Multivariate statistical theory (MANOVA) has been used in this analysis. The work has been completed by improving the performance of the algorithms applying a machine learning induction algorithm (CN2), designed to extract new classification rules dealing with the combination of the attributes defined by the algorithms analysed. The study considers phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase faults separately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Three methods for calculating exp (At) are analysed which are proved based on Hamilton- Caylay Theorem. By using the minimal polynomial theorem,theorem, these methods are improved.The new three methods decrease the dimension of the linear algebraic system or the order of the linear ordinaly differen- tial system which is solved for obtaining exp (At).


The plasma-wall interaction in the presence of a monoenergetic electron beam has been studied by taking into account the self-consistency among plasma transport in a collisionless electrostatic sheath, deposited energy flux at the wall and material thermal response for carbon and tungsten as wall materials. The variations of the potential drop across the sheath, ion velocity at the sheath edge, and surface temperature of material as a function of electron beam flux are explored in the presence of the electron emission. It is found that when electron beam does not dominate the sheath, potential drop across the sheath depends strongly on the material properties due to the impact of electron emission while the surface temperature of material shows monotonic variation. In the case of carbon wall, the electron beam may dominate the sheath at a certain electron beam concentration or energy. Under this circumstance, both the potential drop across the sheath and surface temperature of material demonstrate the sharp increasing transition. The development of local hot spot on the plasma facing material is caused by the enhanced ion energy flux instead of the electron beam energy flux. If the electron emission is not taken into account, as a smaller electron beam flux, both the potential drop across the sheath and surface temperature of material display the significant change and then it may be easier to develop for the local hot spot on the plasma facing material.


Poster: "RANZCR-AOCR 2012 / R-0032 / Eagle Syndrome - vascular type - A case presentation and a short review of literature" by: "T. Mathews, V. Achar, R. Rattan, G. Mylne; AU"


The application is a divisional application of the invention whose application number is 200910002319.7, application data is January 4th,2009, and the name is device for fixing a sensor housing to a housing, particularly a cylinder housing The invention relates to a device for fixing a sensor housing on a housing, in particular on a cylinder housing. The device has at least one first device installed on the housing and one second device installed on the sensor housing, and a fixed connection preventing unrecognizable disconnection without permission can be formed between the sensor housing and the housing by means of the first and the second devices.


One of the current trends for material development is manufacturing artificial high-quality crystal jam stones. The controlling factors influencing the quality of the jam stones include the concentration and the distribution of dopants. It is very important to investigate the dopant concentration in crystalline jam stones. In order to produce high-quality crystalline gem stones efficiently, the contaminants coming from crucible must be removed during melting growth. Floating-melting-zone showed the advantage of promoting the crystal quality, because it is devoid of contaminants. Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) having both the advantages of Pedestal Growth and Floating-melting-zone Method was widely used in manufacturing jam stones. The heat-induced capillary flow in the melting zone and the different diffusion rate of the various dopants provided a great difference in dopant concentration distribution. We used low concentration Nd ion and Cr ion as dopant in YAG and investigated the change in concentration in LHPG crystals. Two-dimensional numerical simulation analysis was used to understand those related physical mechanisms.A finite volume method with non-orthogonal bodyfitting grid system was used to simulate the manufacturing process. We compared the shape of the molten zone depicted from the simulation and that observed from experiments. The radial dopant concentration distribution showed completely opposite tendency between Nd ion and Cr ion. Those related physical mechanisms were verified by the simulation. Results of our experiments and simulation provided detailed conditions of crystal growth by LHPG or similar floating-melting-zone method.


A multi-touch touch-Techniques are described to identify and distinguish between different input patterns of the screen device. By way of example, the touch-large objects hovering over a short distance from the surface may be (e. G., Cheeks, thigh or chest) are identified and distinguished from the physical contact of the surface. Also, for example, it can be similarly identified and rough touch due to the ear and the ear being apart from the finger, thumb, the contact resulting from the palm and finger grip. A multi-touch touch-surface device, input distinction, a patch, a pixel, a short radius, the major axis radius, filtered


The Voice of My Soul is the title of a piano recital performed by Anastasia Joan Thiores. In addition to complete her Bachelor degree on Musical arts program, Satya Wacana Christian University, this recital is the end of the struggle & fight in the college that successfully completed. The works performed in this recital are: Prelude and Fugue Book II No. 2 BWV 871 by Johann Sebastian Bach, Sonata Op. 78 No. 24 in F-sharp major by Ludwig van Beethoven, Ballade Op. 118 No. 3 by Johannes Brahms,Un Sospiro by Franz Liszt, Prelude Op. 32 No. 12 by Sergei Rachmaninoff, Toccata Op. 155 by York Bowen, and Srikandhy by Yazeed Djamin.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H17N3O, the oxazine ring has a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angles between the best least-squares plane through the pyridine rings and the planar part (O–C–C–C–N) of the oxazine ring are 72.14 (6) and 35.44 (7)°, the smaller angle involving the pyridine ring adjacent to the oxazine O atom. The molecule has two stereogenic centers at the oxazine carbons, RS and SR. The crystal packing reveals that symmetry-related molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form chains parallel to the b axis.


Periferical neroectodermic primary tumor is a part of the sarcoma Ewing family and represents 5 % of them. The superior maxillary location is not frequent, ...


Objective: The vast majority of physicians frequently faces e thical dilemmas and feels overwhelmed as a result. Those at Boston Medical Ce nter are no exception. Various studies show more adept handling of ethical issues can improve t he quality of care and patient safety by reducing moral distress of physicians and fostering better patient-physician relationship. The method of Preventive Ethics, which actively identif ies recurrent themes and underlying systematic issues among ethics consultations, is mo re effective than the traditional, case-by-case approach in reducing the number of ethical conflict s. The purpose of this study is to i dentify common themes prompting ethics consultations and an y hotspots among recurrent ethical dilemmas at Boston Medical Center by using the Arms trong Clinical Ethics Coding System. Methods: A total of 32 ethics consultations handled by the BMC Ethics Committee between October 2010 and April 2013 were reviewed. Each consultation was coded using the Armstrong Clinical Ethics Coding System. The da ta was analyzed to identify the types of ethical dilemma that are most prevalent at BMC. The consultations involving the most frequently occurring issues were evaluated fur ther to expose common themes among these cases and potential underlying systemat ic failures. Result: "Clinical Candidacy or Risk / Benefit Analysis" (6. 25%), "Concern About Decision Maker Choices" (14.6%) and "Futility / Ina ppropriate or Nonbeneficial


The development of Si-based tunneling-based static random access memory (TSRAM) has been described. This multi-institutional research endeavor has successfully demonstrated for the first time an integrated TSRAM that utilizes Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD) and conventional NMOS. The memory cell exhibits a bistable latching operation at a low power supply voltage below 0.5 V. The key to success in the tunnel diode-based novel memory research at RIT is mutual collaboration between the institutions from the universities, government, and industry, which provides a hotbed for technological innovations and creativity.


A global warming response, interannual variability, and their relationship have been examined on mid-winter storm-tracks, using a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. In the western Pacific, global warming makes the storm-track stronger and the westerly jet weaker, closely related to the leading mode of the storm-track variability. Much projection onto the leading mode is also realized for the global warming response in the Western Hemisphere; the storm-track is suppressed along with weaker zonal wind there at least in this model. It is therefore found that there are two types of interannual variability of storm-tracks (one for the western Pacific and the other for the Western Hemisphere), both mostly explain the global warming response.


The concept of autonomy of music has been discussed in terms of musical genres and of structural parameters. This paper exposes the historical steps leading to the concept of Music, as known by the classical tradition, and the reflection about the instrumental music, that consolidates the idea of absolute music. This idea, on its turn, has two meanings: music as texts and emotions free, and music as absolute and utmost language. The paper finally studies today way of understanding autonomy of music: music arises from the very structure of sounds, without immediately appealing to the rhetoric model or to the harmonic logic.


NoC is a potent solution to address design complexity and productivity problems whose its key component is the interconnect architecture which directly affects both cost and performance parameters. The purpose of this paper is to present the basic ideas behind the development of our new hierarchical network-on-chip (NoC) architecture, called ldquoNormardquo that its most distinguished characteristic is its hierarchical nature. We present two types of Norma, Norma-I and Norma-II which have been compared to 2D Mesh. Results illustrate that Norma-I and Norma-II have far more proper functionality than 2D Mesh, when 75 percent of whole traffic interacts in each subnet.


We have synthesized LiMn2–xFexO4 (x = 0, 0.25, and 0.50) cathode materials for applications in Li ion rechargeable batteries via sol-gel method. We studied thermal characteristics of as synthesized materials using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In order to optimize the synthesis conditions, we studied X-ray diffraction (XRD) of synthesized cathode materials at various temperatures, based on the transitions obtained from DSC/TGA. The XRD results can be co-related to the thermal behavior of the synthesized cathode materials and the synthesis conditions optimized.


The researching and developing(RD) of industrial generic technology is essential for the advancement of industries and the development of economic-social in one country.The ST Program is an important carrier that one country can promote the RD of industrial generic technology.In this paper,basing on the view on the management of National ST Program and the systemic analysis of the defining and the selecting method of industrial generic technology at home and abroad,the authors put forward the definition and selecting methods system of industrial generic technology during the implementation of National ST Program.During the implementation of National ST Program,the defining of industrial generic technology can be from technology bound,the mean body of RD and application,and the integrated benefit.Meanwhile,the selecting system combing "top-down" and "down-top" methods could be used to select industrial generic technology at national level.


Chaotic time series prediction is a very important problem in many applications. A number of nonlinear techniques, such as neural networks (NN), wavelets, etc., have been applied to the time series prediction problem with varying degrees of success. The novel idea in this paper is to use principal components analysis (PCA) in conjunction with a novel wavelet neural network to successfully implement the prediction of chaotic time series. It is shown that the proposed method in this paper has two-fold contributions: (1) the mean square error's function of the network is convex and can essentially avoid the problem of poor convergence and undesired local minimum. (2) PCA can overcome the shortage that all the techniques developed for determining the embedding dimensions are inconvenient to be applied to small sample time series. The experiments also show that the proposed technique in this paper, wavelet network with PCA, is a more powerful tool for predicting chaotic series than other prediction techniques.


DataSet is the aggregation of some related data elements.To insure its category unique,structure reasonable,clear layer and small redundancy,also ensure the category system frame can accommodate to the dataset's abundant contents,increasing kinds and amount,how to classify dataset scientificly is the problem that the dadaset manager must solve in the metadata registry.The basic principle and method of dataset classification is put forward first,then apply the principle and method to hygiene information datasets sort.Main and subdivision category table setting is analyzed detailedly in the artical,and according to this the main category table of basic service datasets of hygiene information is given.Application indicate that the category table pruduced by this classify method is the minimum unit-dataset which contain great deal of hygiene information.


Sodium intakes, from foods and beverages, of 22,852 persons in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2003–2008) were examined by specific food source and by food location of origin. Analyses were based on a single 24-h recall. Separate analyses were conducted for children (6–11 years of age), adolescents (12–19), and adults (20–50 and ≥51 years). Grouping of like foods (e.g., food sources) used a scheme proposed by the National Cancer Institute, which divides foods/beverages into 96 food subgroups (e.g., pizza, yeast breads or cold cuts). Food locations of origin were stores (e.g., grocery, convenience and specialty stores), quick-service restaurant/pizza (QSR), full-service restaurant (FSR), school, or other. Food locations of sodium were also evaluated by race/ethnicity amongst adults. Stores provided between 58.1% and 65.2% of dietary sodium, whereas QSR and FSR together provided between 18.9% and 31.8% depending on age. The proportion of sodium from QSR varied from 10.1% to 19.9%, whereas that from FSR varied from 3.4% to 13.3%. School meals provided 10.4% of sodium for 6–11 year olds and 6.0% for 12–19 year olds. Pizza from QSR, the top away from home food item, provided 5.4% of sodium in adolescents. QSR pizza, chicken, burgers and Mexican dishes combined provided 7.8% of total sodium in adult diets. Most sodium came from foods purchased in stores. Food manufacturers, restaurants, and grocery stores all have a role to play in reducing the amount of sodium in the American diet.


The catching up with the economic level was very fast in EU-5 in the current decade, however the real convergence slowed down in the recession period (except of Poland), especially in Slovenia and CZ. GDP per capita is the highest in Slovenia and the CZ, while GDP per employed person in Slovenia and Slovakia. The position of EU-5 (except of Poland) measured by GNI or NNI is worse than that measured by GDP. The RGDI rates of growth show similar results as the GDP ones in 2001 – 2007 except of Slovakia, where they were by 0.5 p. p. lower. The relation of CPL to EU-27 approximated to the relation in GDP per capita. The wage level is still much lower. The aggregate ULC in relation to EU-27 reach from one half in Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to more than 60% in the Czech Republic and 90% in Slovenia.


Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia is the country with the third largest number of pulmonary TB sufferers in the world after India and China, with 10% of the total pulmonary TB sufferers worldwide. Of all cases, 11% of sufferers were children under 15 years. Riskesdas data in 2018 that behavior in the province of South Kalimantan opened only 70.1% Windows, Enough ventilation only 55.1%, Enough lighting 79,% with TB prevalence lung disease by 0.41% (16,043) and PMO availability by 62.7%. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjar District is second rank of 3,301 with the number of pediatric sufferers of 0.23%. after Banjarmasin (4,004) TB sufferers. In an effort to overcome the problem of increasingly severe environmental-based diseases, health promotion and education programs are needed. Health education is a planned effort to influence others, whether individuals, groups or communities. Counseling about hygiene and sanitation to mothers is one form of intervention that can improve the health of children who have Tuberculosis. The majority of mothers in the work area in Banjar regency is a housewife, most of the time devoted to taking care of family care. In implementing this program the community has the role of implementing the program that has been implemented. Aside from being the implementer, the community also acts as the main target in the use of the results of the programs that have been carried out. There is a comparison between the value of PreTest and Post Test Counseling Material about community knowledge of pulmonary TB disease with 30 respondents and there is an increase in knowledge and attitudes after being given an intervention with a p-value of 0.001. Keywords– tuberculosis, conseling, sanitation, Banjar Regency


With the advent of computers, people need computers to help people solve some problems. In the process of solving the problem, you will encounter the problem of programming. In order to help people use appropriate programming languages to complete tasks, this paper proposes a method to analyze and predict the share of programming languages based on AdaBoost. First, collect the historical data of the world authoritative Tiobe programming language ranking list; Then the data table is visualized; Then, AdaBoost algorithm is used to model and train the share of the top five programming languages (Python, C, Java, C++, C #); Finally, enter the data to be predicted and return the predicted value of the model. After many times of training and testing, the method has a good prediction result, which can be used to analyze and predict the share of programming languages.


The history and state of the art of audio coding technology (like MP3 or AAC) is presented. Available solutions for electronic music distribution (EMD) systems are summarized with a focus on the prevention of piracy and on SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) compliant applications.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing fish scale collagen peptide is provided to produce collagen peptide which is easy to digest and absorb with same molecular weight. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a fish scale collagen peptide comprises a step of treating Bacillus licheniformis derived alkalase and Bacillus derived protamax together or sequencially to the fish scale. The hydrolysis comprises a step of treat Bacillus licheniformis derived alkalase to the fish scale as a first hydrolysis and a step of treating Bacillus derived protamax as a second hydrolysis.


Taking the 5754 aluminum alloy for automobile as the research object, the effect of cold rolling deformation, heat holding time and heat holding temperature on the properties and microstructure of alloy were studied. The results show that the work hardening of 5754 alloy sheet is significant. With the increasing of cold rolling deformation, the tensile strength and yield strength of alloy plates increase gradually, while the elongation decreases. And the annealing time on the mechanical propertied of 5754 aluminum alloy is less sensitive than the annealing temperature.


It is practically a summary of the technology of productive manageme nt of SPF(Specific Pathogen Free)laboratory animals.It's very important not onl y to focus on the feeding management and quality t esting of laboratory animals,but also on the management of facilities and person al,and then we can produce the standard SPF laboratory animals.


Conventional production logs; spinner, density, capacitance, temperature, and pressure are routinely used in the Gulf of Suez (GOS) wells for reservoir monitoring and diagnosing production problems. These logs can adequately determine flow profile of fluids inside vertical or moderately deviated holes. However, these were found unsuitable for more complex problems including the following, Identification of water entries or exits in horizontal wells. Water now behind casing in cement channels or behind tubing in dual completion systems. Oxygen activation technique (or Water Flow Log, WFL), was successfully used to diagnose these problems. Subsequent workovers resulted in significant production increase, confirming the answers obtained from these surveys. Unlike some other tools, oxygen activation log is immune to well deviation. It therefore works equally well in vertical or deviated holes. It further reacts to flowing water only. Thus standing water or any non-water fluids are simply neglected by this measurement. Being a nuclear technique its depth of investigation extends behind the pipe. This property allows us to monitor water movement in cement channels or behind tubing in dual completion injectors. This paper explains the principal of oxygen activation log and shows its two important applications.


The LOFT Reactor Vessel 290/sup 0/ Downcomer Stalk Instrument Penetration Flange Stress Analysis has been completed using normal operational and blowdown loading. A linear elastic analysis was completed using simplified hand analysis techniques. The analysis was in accordance with the 1977 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, for a Class 1 component. Loading included internal pressure, bolt preload, and thermal gradients due to normal operating and blowdown.


This paper proposes a novel anti-jamming method for multichannel SAR. This method is based on the combination of Fast-time STAP and Pulse diversity. It can be used to reject the DRFM repeater deceptive jammer. The point-target simulation is used to show the working principle of the proposed algorithm and verify the proposed algorithm.


Designing a new astronomical instrument typically challenges the available cameras on the market. In many cases, no camera can fulfill the requirements of the instrument in terms of photon budget, speed, and even interfaces with the rest of the instrument. In this situation, the only options are to either downgrade the performance of the instrument or design new cameras from scratch, provided it is possible to identify a compliant detector. The latter is the case of the SPGCams, the cameras developed to be used with the Tunable Magnetograph (TuMag) and the Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared spectroPolarimeter (SCIP) for the Sunrise iii mission. SPGCams have been designed, developed, and built entirely in-house by the Solar Physics Group (SPG) at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC). We report here on the scientific rationale and system engineering requirements set by the two instruments that drove the development, as well as on the technical details and trade-offs used to fulfill the specifications. The cameras were fully verified before the flight, and results from the assembly and verification campaign are presented as well. SPGCams share the design, although some parametric features differentiate the visible cameras (for TuMag) and the IR ones (for SCIP). Even though they were specifically developed for the Sunrise iii mission, the robust and careful design makes them suitable for different applications in other astronomical instruments.


Great disasters such as earthquakes can cause large disruptions in the normal lives of people, as well as human and material losses. Therefore, risk management measures are always necessary to reduce or avoid potential damage, to respond promptly and provide assistance to victims, and achieve effective recovery. In this paper we describe a multiagent system that models the evacuation behaviour of people in post-disaster situations. We analyse several scenarios in the North-Eastern region of Romania assuming that the critical bridges in the area are subjected to different levels of damage. The simulation results, such as the time needed for the people to reach available shelters or the routes taken by different groups of people can provide decision makers with valuable information that can be used to reinforce critical infrastructure and to provide recommendations in order to optimize the evacuation process.


Congestion cost allocation is important for congestion management. The allocation methods based on Aumann-Shapley use discrete intogration method and need to solve the OPF for many times, they are not suitable for large scale system application. The optimum solution and their sensitivity changes during congestion releas-ing by using DC OPF are analyzed. Simple method based on contribution theory is proposed for congestion cost allocation. Compared with the current methods, the proposed method uses continuous integra- tion rather than discrete numerical integration to allocate the congestion cost. The proposed method needs less computation the method can also be used forAC OPF congestion management.


In face of changes in power demand market, it is necessary to consider and study the measures of orderly power consumption. The study analyses the influence of economic situation and trends of power supply and demand on power consumption. It explores the features of conventional power consumption ways in various environments, existing and potential problems of power sales market and management system. It also provides suggestions and solutions on future work.


UFC Que Choisir had complained of practices between three telephone operators that, in its view, were anticompetitive. Before the ruling against the operators, UFC Que Choisir had set up on its…


According to the results of monitoring at twice,the karst area of Mashan County was 162 935.3 hm2,of which the stable area was 143 387.3 hm2,and the succession area was 16 273.5 hm2,and the reverse succession area was 3 274.5 hm2.The status of rocky desertification was greatly improved.The variation of rocky desertification land turning to potential rocky desertification land was the most,and the most important factor of succession was complex rocky desertification management,while human factor was the most important factor of reverse succession.


Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a hereditary disorder that affects primarily the elastic tissues of skin, eyes and blood vessels. Its estimated prevalence is thought to be 1:25,000 - 100,000. PXE patients also carry an increased risk for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Early diagnosis can play a crucial role in preventing early loss of vision and systemic complications in these patients however despite having characteristic clinical features; it is still to a large extent being under-diagnosed. Here we present two cases of PXE with reduced vision.


Results from the Mayo Lung Project (MLP), a randomized clinical trial for the early detection of lung carcinoma, were interpreted as proof that the early detection of lung carcinoma by chest X‐ray does not reduce the mortality from this disease. Recent analysis of extended follow‐up data from the MLP subjects found that after approximately 20 years there still was no apparent difference in lung carcinoma mortality between a study group and a control group.


This experiment was carried out in the artificial pasture on grassland demonstration pastoral area of Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during June to September in 2010.The experiment was designed as rotational grazing group and continuous grazing group,there were three treatments in both rotational grazing group and continuous grazing group,there were 5 rotational grazing areas in every rotational grazing treatment,rotational grazing period was 30 days.The results showed that the effect of different grazing system on pasture dry matter yield was not significant;and that the effect of different grazing system on the nutrition of forage grass was significant(P0.05).The crude protein content of the forage grass in rotational grazing group was higher than that in continuous grazing group,while the NDF content in rotational grazing group was lower than that in continuous grazing group.There were no significant differences in weight gain of sheep between rotational grazing group and continuous grazing group.


Analysis of human driving behavior aims to inspect drivers' behavior in the real-world and in a virtual environment. The study of driving behaviors can be conducted in naturalistic situations or controlled experiments. Analyzing driving behaviors based on the data collected in naturalistic driving experiments or controlled experiments in the real-world or in a virtual environment is beneficial to fill in many of the knowledge gaps about driving behaviors and risk factors. The amount of data collected during complex experiments with many laps and many drivers tested under different experimental conditions and with different instructions can be huge. Analyzing such data can thus be considered challenging and time-consuming if done manually because it requires calling on experts in traffic psychology to inspect and understand various specific situations at a macroscopic scale involving different riders and at a microscopic scale for a particular rider on a specific lap. Also, it can be challenging in an unsupervised context to detect and match the same patterns in different laps to study similar patterns and spot important and risky events. This paper proposes a multi-step framework for analyzing driving behavior on both the macroscopic and microscopic scales. The core step of this framework is based on unsupervised machine learning algorithms applied to driving-pattern identification and the detection of critical driving events using anomaly-detection algorithms. The detected events are interpreted and described by computing their feature importance using graphs centrality measures. This provides new insight into driving behavior by identifying the motives behind the driver's actions. The present experimental study, based on a dataset collected from the Honda Riding Trainer (HRT) simulator was conducted in the context of the European project SimuSafe and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. These results argue in favor of the development of such methodologies in driving-behavior studies.


Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, accounting for approximately 20% of the sarcomas, but only 5% of the osteosarcomas occur in the jaws. Osteosarcoma of the jaws commonly present in the 4th and 5th decades of life. Their biological behavior is different from the osteosarcoma of the long bones. Early diagnosis and radical surgery are the keys to high survival rates. Dental surgeons maybe the first health practitioner to whom such patients report and they should be aware of variations in the clinical presentation of Osteosarcoma of the jaws, significance of subtle clinical features and the importance of following the investigation protocol for the accurate and prompt diagnosis of the lesion. This article presents a case of swelling of 3 weeks duration in the left premolar region of the mandible in a 15 year old female patient.The lesion was promptly diagnosed as osteosarcoma and early treatment was initiated in the patient. The patient remained disease free one year after surgery. Keywords: osteosarcoma/ malignant neoplasm of the jaw bones/ sunburst appearance/ multilocular radiolucency.


A brief description is given of a new mathematical model developed for comprehensive calculations of the parameters of an electric-discharge CO2 laser, comprising a discharge chamber, optical resonator-amplifier, focusing system, nozzle, diffuser, coolers, compressor, and connecting pipes. A file of programs developed for this purpose was applied to investigate numerically a technological CO2 laser with an output power of 10 kW.


Age-related NADH oxidase (arNOX = ENOX3) proteins are superoxide-generating cell surface oxidases that increase in activity with age beginning at about 30 y. A soluble and truncated exfoliated form of the activity is present in blood and other body fluids. The activity was purified to apparent homogeneity from human urine and resolved by 2-D gel electrophoresis into a series of 24 to 32 kDa components of low isoelectric point. The purified proteins were resistant both to N-terminal sequencing and trypsin cleavage. Cleavage with pepsin revealed peptides corresponding to the TM9 family of transmembrane proteins. Peptide antisera raised to all five members of the human TM9 family sequentially blocked the arNOX activity of human saliva and sera. The soluble truncated N-terminus of the human homolog TM9SF4 was expressed in bacteria. The recombinant protein was characterized biochemically and exhibited ar-NOX activity. The findings identify five arNOX isoforms each of which correspond to one of the five known TM9 family members. The exfoliated soluble arNOX forms are derived from the 24 to 32 kDa N-termini exposed to the cell's exterior at the cell surface. Each of the shed forms contain putative functional motifs characteristic of ECTO-NOX (ENOX) proteins despite only minimal sequence identity. Our findings identify arNOX as having functional characteristics of ENOX proteins and the TM9 superfamily of proteins as the genetic origins of the five known arNOX isoforms present in human sera, plasma and other body fluids1.


The article aims to provide an insight into how 'ordinary' Muslims look for workable solutions to family and marital disputes in line with their cultural and religious values. More specifically, it looks into the informal processes of reconciliation (sulh) with the assistance of imams of local mosques, primarily among Muslims with Moroccan roots in the Netherlands. Relevant questions that are addressed are: What types of disputes are settled within the (religious) community? Who are the authorities involved? How do they obtain, claim or create authority? Why do Muslim women and men choose these processes over formal litigation? What do they hope to gain from these processes? And what kind of solutions are offered to disputants?


- In copper solvent extraction, phenolic hydroxy oximes-based extractant has been observed to deteriorate progressively during extraction. Hydrolysis, rather than oxidation or Beckmann rearrangement, produce majority of the degradation products. Degradation products impact the solvent extraction method by lowering extraction efficiency, reaction kinetics, and Cu/Fe selectivity, slowing the phase disengagement time and polluting the electrolyte. Activated clay using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to regenerate deteriorated extractant. After the regeneration step, the organic phase's performance improved: extraction efficiency increased from 67 to 97.3 % maximum, Cu/Fe selectivity increased from 169 to 283 and phase disengagement time decreased from 113 to 88 seconds.


1. The plan view is omitted. 2. The design for a variety of products bidet, which comprises two stages (and lance nozzle) inserted normal to each other using the composition.


Mobility modelling is a critical element in the development, dimensioning and deployment of any cellular network infrastructure. As subscribers generally move in a deterministic manner, the mobility model used should reflect these inherent user patterns. Throughout a typical day, due to work/recreational activities, users are attracted to different areas of a cellular network, i.e. outlining cells of a city experience busy hour traffic in the morning as users are entering the city centre. To capture these inherent user mobility patterns, we propose a cellular network mobility model using attraction points distributed throughout the network to influence the destination of a user depending on the time of day. A key element in the proposed model is its simplicity of implementation with minimal computational overhead making it an ideal candidate for network analysis where real user mobility data is unavailable or the computational overhead of such a model is excessive.


A growing literature finds evidence that flood risk salience varies over time, spiking directly following a flood and then falling off individuals' cognitive radar in the following years. In this article, we provide new evidence of salience exploiting a hurricane cluster impacting Florida that was preceded and followed by periods of unusual calm. Utilizing residential property sales across the state from 2002 through 2012, our main estimate finds a salience impact of −8%, on average. The salience effect persists when we base estimation only on spatial variation in prices to limit confounding from other simultaneous changes due to shifting hedonic equilibria over time. These effects range from housing prices decreases of 5.4–12.3% depending on the year of sale. Understanding flood risk salience has important implications for flood insurance and disaster policy, the benefits transfer literature, and, more broadly, our understanding of natural disaster resilience.


On July 2nd, 2007, Free filed a complaint against France Telecom before the French Competition Council in order to have access to the incumbent's ducts to roll out its optical local loops for…


SUMMARY Fabrication process for narrow emitter along � 010� direction in heterojunction bipolar transistor fully drawn by electron beam lithography was studied. Emitter structure of a 100 nm width was formed by using epitaxial structure with 30nm-thickInP layer of emitter. Transistor operation of devices with 0.5-µm-wide emitter was confirmed. This process can be applied to a buried metal heterojunction bipolar transistor (BMHBT) with narrow emitter, resulting in high-speed operation of


Though, the important influence of SMEs on economic growth is acknowledged, still the performance of Nigerian SMEs is below expectation. The contribution of SMEs to GDP shows a gross under-performance. In addition, SMEs high failure rate is another sign of low performance. On the other hand, poor access to finance conquers a central position for the low performance of Nigerian SMEs. The paper presents a theoretical framework on the moderating effect of access to finance on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and SMEs performance in Nigeria. If validated, the model would have policy implications to SMEs owner/managers and other stakeholders in decision making.


In the Carpathian area there are some plants cultivated up to this day which were earlier of major importance in Europe' economic life and had actually appeared already at the dawn of tillage in the Near East and in Iran (einkom emmer, panic-millet etc.). By now, their cultivation is limited to the marginal areas and the highlands; they can be found on sites difficult of access, in poor soil, on burned clearings of mountainous regions. They are usually grown on minor plots, because the households need only a small crop. It is only the oldest, conservative -minded generation, the poorer social strata, which cultivates them. Agricultural authors of the 1819Lh centru-ies still mention these plants, but agricultural statistics include them only rarely if at all. Our scope 9fknowledge on their growing is rather limited.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a polypeptide comprising using a variant alpha factor signal peptide having a substitution in position 9 resulting in a substitution of an A to either T, S, H, I, F, E, or G. The invention further relates to nucleic acid constructs comprising a first nucleotide sequence encoding the variant signal peptide and a second nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which is foreign to the first nucleotide sequence. Furthermore, it also relates to expression vectors and host cells comprising said nuclei acid construct.


The utility model provides a voice bathroom cabinet for integrating sterilization, disinfection, moisture prevention, drying and refrigeration. The voice bathroom cabinet comprises a cabinet body, wherein the cabinet body comprises a working box body and a storage box body which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the working box body comprises a touch screen control unit, a dehumidifying fan, a clock unit, a voice unit, an ozone sterilization-disinfection-deodorization unit and a drying unit; the ozone sterilization-disinfection-deodorization unit comprises an ozone generator, an ozone output pipe I which are connected in sequence; the ozone output pipe I extends into the storage box body; the drying unit comprises a heating body, a fan and a guide pipe which are arranged according to the guide direction of hot air; the guide pipe extends into the storage box body; and the drying unit also comprises a heating body temperature sensor arranged on the heating body. The voice bathroom cabinet has the functions of sterilizing, disinfecting, deodorizing, dehumidifying and drying underwear, the functions of sterilizing and disinfecting washing articles and the functions of refrigerating and refreshing cosmetics.


The steering stability of vehicle was the most important part of vehicle handling and stability. The stability analysis of vehicle negotiating a curve in the plane was studied through simulation. The vehicle dynamics model used in this paper had two degrees of freedom with nonlinear tire characteristics. When two vehicle state variables, namely, velocity and steering angle, were changed, the GA and phase space analysis were used to compute the equilibrium points and analyze the phase space characteristics of vehicle system. Considering the nonlinear tire characteristic, the working region of tire was figured out and compared, while the vehicle was under different operating conditions. From the analysis results, it could be concluded that working in the nonlinear region of tire characteristic was the ultimate reason of vehicle instability. The knowledge derived from simulation results could dramatically enhance the understanding of stability of the actual vehicle negotiating a curve on an even surface. Such knowledge was a prerequisite for robustly designing the chassis, such as steer-by-wire, which would be the topics of future work.


Greywater can carry many pathogenic bacteria. Survival of these bacteria in the soil‐greywater environment may pose a health risk associated with greywater reuse. This study investigates the survival of a biotracer bacterium (nalidixic acid‐resistant Escherichia coli ‐ E. coli NAR) in soil irrigated by greywater. Greywater volumes obtained from the showers, sinks, laundry and kitchens of five houses in Irbid, Jordan, were mixed with the biotracer and applied to four 1 m × 1 m plots. Tap water was applied to a fifth plot as a control. For 30 days, soil samples were collected from the five plots and then analysed to determine the biotracer content. The results showed that the biotracer survived for 15 days in the plot irrigated by kitchen greywater. The biotracer cells survived for 10, 10, 10, and 7 days in the other plots irrigated with tap water and greywater from showers, sinks, and laundry, respectively. The longer survival of the cells in the plot irrigated by kitchen greywater may be attributed to the higher BOD and nutrients in this greywater.


Legal profession is one of the growing and lucrative professions all over the world. It is one of the most adventurous as well as exciting career. Lawyers are held in high esteem in our society, and there remains the faith that when all else fails, one can still take recourse to the legal system. In such a valued profession women doesn't occupy a valuable space. Though participation of Women in legal profession has grown in the recent years, women were not given equivalent power and opportunities. Less frequently given the opportunity to move onto the occupational fast track, women face subtle but often self-perpetuating cycles of gender bias that limit their career choices. Although women qualify in equal proportions to men at the entry point of professional courses, there is a progressive decline in the number of women as one move up the hierarchy. Our legal structure should be modified wherein women are encouraged to get into legal profession and gender specific issues are to be eliminated in order to reduce the attrition rate of women lawyers.


This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for global optimization of vehicle impact designs, and considers total injuries in both the subject vehicle and its collision partners. The paper presents a systems approach to vehicle crashworthiness design which combines computer simulations of vehicle/occupant dynamic crash responses with a stochastic representation of the United States accident environment and crash victim population. The results of the safety systems design optimization of a 3,000-lb production passenger car are discussed illustrating the potential for design modifications which simultaneously improve passenger protection while reducing aggressivity. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 894848.


With the development of network and intelligent technology, artificial intelligence technology was applied to fault diagnosis of coal mine equipment maintenance. Using the artificial intelligence technique for fault diagnosis of coal mine machinery, not only the accuracy of coal mine machinery fault diagnosis can be improved, and also a positive significance of the use of the normal operation of machinery and equipment is guaranteed in coal mine. In this paper, the ventilator equipment in the coal mine will be taken as an example for analyzing the application of artificial intelligence technology to coal mine machinery fault diagnosis, in order to improve the maintenance of mine ventilation work efficiency and guarantee the normal operation of the application in the production of coal mining.


The observation and analysis have been made on Co-based alloy and cemented carbide with various examining methods in the paper. Tbe result shows:Trace rare-earth element can make tensile strength of Co-based alloy increase about one time,porosity reduce slightly, distribution of pores became dispersed and homogeneous. Rare-earth phase distributes mainly in the pores,grain boundary and phase boumdary of alloys,and a little in the Co-phase and WC-phase. The shape is normally balls with size below 0. 5 micron. The composition is Y2WO6 compoumd and Y2Co imter-metallic compoumd. The addition of rare-earth enhances stacking jault energy of Co phase. width of stacking fault decreases obviously. The bias precipitation of rare-eaeth in tbe grain boundary and phase boundary results in a smaller and homogenized alloy construction


FIELD: cellulose-paper industry, possible use for adjustment and diagnostics of technical condition of paper-manufacturing machines. SUBSTANCE: in optical-electronic system for adjustment and diagnostics of technical condition of paper-making machines, used as radiation source is light diode or semiconductor laser, system is provided with generator of carrying frequency current, photo-receiving device, advance amplifier, digital potentiometer, band filter, amplifier, amplitude detector, low frequencies filter, normalizing amplifier, controller, analog-digital converter, interface and personal computer. In second variant in optical-electronic system for adjustment and diagnostics of technical condition of paper-making machines as radiation source, light diode or semiconductor laser is used, system is provided with generator of carrying frequency current, photo-receiving device, advance amplifier, digital potentiometer, band filter, amplifier, amplitude detector, low frequencies filter, normalizing amplifier, analog differential driver of line, differential receiver, controller, analog-digital converter, interface and personal computer. EFFECT: increased trustworthiness of received measurement information, address diagnostics of paper-making machines and expanded functional capabilities of system. 2 cl, 3 dwg


Purpose
This paper aims to explore the succession intentions of daughters in family businesses in Sri Lanka by shedding light on the motives behind their willingness to succeed in the family business.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was used to explore the factors that may influence succession intentions among a group of seven prospective successor-daughters.

Findings
Findings showed that while a majority of the daughters sampled have positive succession intentions, there were a few who were either undecided or unwilling. Interestingly, what motivated some daughters to be willing successors was also considered demotivating for others. Daughters perceived succession in family businesses to be impacted by both personal and family background, traditional gender-role expectations and other socio-cultural factors.

Originality/value
Findings from this study provide key insights into gender-related issues with regard to succession in family businesses.


The article investigates the positions of Russia in the international trade of food and agricultural products. The possible areas for improvement of the competitive position of Russia in the international trade of food and agricultural products were determined considering the latest trends and policy of food security.


Foreword, by Rex Koontz Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1. The First Historian of the New World Chapter 2. Historiography and Native History Chapter 3. Reading Techniques Chapter 4. Document 1 (Obverse), Part 1, Pages 1-13: Lord Eight Wind Chapter 5. Document 1 (Obverse), Part IIA, Pages 14-19: The Ladies Three Flint Chapter 6. Document 1 (Obverse), Part IIA continued, Pages 20-21: The War from Heaven and Lady One Death Chapter 7. Document 1 (Obverse), Part IIB, Pages 22-35: Genealogies Chapter 8. Document 1 (Obverse), Part IIIA-B, Pages 36-41: The Four Lords from Apoala Chapter 9. Document 1 (Obverse): Discussion and Interpretation Chapter 10. Document 2 (Reverse), Pages 42-84: Introduction to the Political Biography of Eight Deer Jaguar Claw of Tilantongo Chapter 11. Document 2 (Reverse), Sections 1-6, Pages 42-50: Parentage Statement, Childhood Military Career, Chalcatongo Event, Transition from Chalcatongo to Tututepec, Eight Deer as Lord of Tututepec. Chapter 12. Document 2 (Reverse), Sections 7-12, Pages 51-74: Eight Deer's Toltec Alliance through the Conquests with the Toltecs Chapter 13. Document 2 (Reverse), Sections 13-14, Pages 75-84: The Battle in the Sky through the Siege of Hua Chino Chapter 14. The Four Voices of Mixtec History Appendix 1. The Mixtec Calendar Appendix 2. Occurrence of 260-Day Sacred Calendars in the 365-Day Mixtec Solar Calendar Appendix 3. The Cycle of 260 Days (Tonalpohualli) Appendix 4. The Calendrics of Codex Zouche-Nuttall Pages 42-84 Appendix 5. The Mixtec Calendar Cycle Correspondences from Byland and Pohl (1994) Appendix 6. The Complete Mixtec/Aztec Calendar Notes Bibliography Index


Two portable instruments, one designed for solar absorptance and the other for emittance measurements, have been evaluated. A Solar Spectrum Reflectometer was used for solar absorptance measurements while a model AE Emissometer was used to measure the emittance for an 80/sup 0/C blackbody. Both instruments are manufactured by Devices and Services Co., Dallas, TX. The Solar Spectrum Reflectometer uses four different detector/filter combinations to match an air mass two solar spectral distribution. The solar absorptance values measured for a variety of solar coatings were determined to an accuracy of +-0.02 absorptance units. For second-surface solar mirrors, the instrument underestimates the hemispherical solar reflectance when the reflecting surface is more than 0.2 mm away from the measurement port. The emissometer consists of a heated measurement head and separate display unit. The accuracy of this instrument is better than +-0.03 emittance units for black chrome solar coatings and better than +-0.06 emittance units for all coatings studied.


The focus of this article is to touch up on the molecular biology and genetics of Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) and the distinctions among members of Caulimoviruses. Mode of virus transmission has divided these viruses into two subgroups. Viruses carrying aphid transmissibility factor are transmitted by various species of aphids. Other members lacking the gene responsible for aphid acquisition are generally seed transmissible. Due to similarity of virus replication to that of retroviruses, in absence of integration into host genome, Caulimoviruses were considered as pararetroviruses. Reports indicating evidence of genomic integration of Dahlia Mosaic Virus into the host genome corresponds with its seed transmissibility. Further studies are needed to trace the virus integration among other members especially those of seed transmissible members. Differences among the sizes of coat protein genes and observations on the multiple subunits of truncated coat protein that lead into differences of particle size introduce further distinctions among the members. The corresponding data in alignment analysis of amino acid sequences of similar genes among these viruses along with variable genomic organization provide evidences of further distinctions. These data demonstrate clear phylogenetic distinction among members of this group of plant viruses and ruling out that they have evolved from ancestral entity.