Industry and Business play a crucial role in the social and economic development of a nation. It is a creative entrepreneurial process that provides livelihoods for the majority of the world's people. It has been instrumental in bringing about sustainable development.

CSR is an increasingly important part of the business environment and constitutes a complex aspect of the relationship between business and society. It is not just about building schools or providing scholarships, but about doing business that companies do not regard as being an obligation ensuring sustainability of business. It is an extension of efforts to foster strong corporate governance. It is a multi dimensional concept evolved over the years from Corporate Philanthropy to Stakeholder management and Sustainable development.

CSR brings positive change inside businesses. It sets the framework and defines the manner in which a business must operate to be able to meet the ethical, legal, commercial and public expectations that a society has of any company.

Corporations are now involved in all aspects of public and private life and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been propelled into the limelight in recent years due to increasing influence and power of corporations. CSR extends beyond the interests of shareholders to the interests and needs of diverse stakeholders. It includes environmental, social, and governance issues'.

Law is the codification of basic human values. The goal of CSR is to implement these values in corporations, thus CSR develops and functions in a legal framework that is feasible and has the support of all the stakeholders concerned. Codification helps in defining the purpose and gives clarity. Further it ensures consistency and credibility.

There need to be laws, of course, and regulations to force compliance. Compulsory laws and regulations tend to be rigid for controlling self-interest. The very nature of right and power, obligation and responsibility implies that social obligation is inherent in almost every legal right, legal power or actual power. Thus best model for CSR is voluntary compliance with sensible social codes.

Social responsibility needs to take care of the changes and hence companies need to have choice. CSR require long-term perspective to have any major beneficial impact in society. The perception of the public concerning business is important. Governments need to take the initiative of bringing all the segments in society to discuss CSR to ensure minimum legal standards as well.

CSR could exist at three levels:

Compliance in letter of the law;

Observing norms of common morality, like ethics and fair play, in its internal management and dealings; and

A social trusteeship mindset in deploying its resources for sustainable development.

The main focus of CSR should continue to be a voluntary one while the role of Government needs to be that of a facilitator. They may set the appropriate policy framework with the right mix of tools including fiscal and regulatory measures where appropriate to boost socially and environmentally responsible performance. Regulations need to be well designed and focused if it is the right solution. But CSR should continue to take compliance with legal requirements as the base and go beyond that in the interests of business and the rest of society.

Above and beyond this understanding, business firms should move toward a spirit of trust at all times but more in matters that are integral to the existence of the firm such as data privacy. Finally it is also essential to have proper measurement systems to track, control and implement CSR initiatives that are both sustainable as well as beneficial to all stakeholders.

This is the first part of the research on the legal aspects of CSR in India before it became mandatory in 2013. The second part will discuss the post 2013 scenario of mandatory CSR.


Adaptive optics can correct beam aberrations,which arises from atmospheric turbulence,but conventional adaptive optics system requires measuring the wavefront information with the wavefront sensor(WFS).In this paper,a sensorless adaptive optics system based on the direct optimization of a system image sharpening performance has been reported.The model-free stochastic parallel optimization algorithm achieves realtime compensation of wavefront error.Results show that good correction is achieved within many iterations of the algorithm.


Pikin, Illinois. The city fathers were geographically challenged, thinking that if they drilled a hole straight through the earth they would come out through Peking, China (Now Beijing).not realizing they were both in the northern hemisphere. Pikin had a populace of around 20,000 people, and was very middle class to lower middle class. My parents, as well as all the parents of my friends, were constantly talking about the lack of money. How were they going to pay the bills, like the mortgage? Money was a constant topic. I watched my dad work very hard to support his wife and five kids, and constantly struggle to make ends meet. My dad had several jobs growing up; he and my mom owned a restaurant that later failed. His best job was as a car salesman.


This study aims to determine the ability of analytic thinking students especially deaf students. Analytic is included in thinking skills that lead students to become independent thinkers and able to demonstrate the quality of students' abilities. There are 3 stages in analytic thinking, namely differentiating, attributing and connecting. The method used in the study is mixed methods with concurent strategies. The subject of this research is State Public High School for Deaf students. The improvement of students' analytical thinking ability is 0.22 and included in the low category. The results of the percentage value of deaf students for differentiating indicators was 56.94%, attributed to 43.05%, and linking by 71.11%.


Demographic tendencies in developed countries suggest that almost 30% of the population will be over 65 years old in 2030. Many will face a natural reduction in hearing, seeing and cognitive abilities, yet their intentions to travel may increase. For those travelers, access to real time travel information and communication will be essential during all segments of the travel chain. In this paper one of the segments that is addressed and evaluated, is real-time information on board vehicles. Research at the National Center for Accessible Transportation (NCAT) at Oregon State University has shown that an important communication tool in the travel chain are personal portable devices (PDA) that passengers with sensory impairments use to improve communication onboard vehicles, such as aircraft, intercity trains, Over The Road Buses (OTRBs) and ferries. Wireless portable devices include Blackberries, smart phones, PDAs, mini PCs and a combination of all of the above.


Dr. Paul Webb, Director of Physical and Health Education, University of Wollongong. Dr. Phil Pearson, Lecturer in Physical and Health Education, University of Wollongong. Greg Forrest, Lecturer in Physical and Health Education, University of Wollongong. Contact: Dr. Paul Webb Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong. NSW.2522 Australia Ph: 61 2 42213887 Fax: 61 2 42213892 e mail: paul_webb @ uow.edu.au Refereed Paper presented at ICHPER-SD International Conference for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport and Dance, 1


A silver coated Amitabha Triad Buddha statue in 1388 inscription has Goddess of Mercy (Avalokitesvara) on the left and Ksitigarbha on the right. All 7 items including the Buddha statue, silver guard rail, bronze case and silver case with holder were found. Material of Buddha statue and main pedestal was silver alloy and that of mandorla was pure copper to differentiate from each other. The sacred objects (腹藏物, bokjangmul) were contained inside of each Buddha statue. Among them, record (發願文) written on Korean paper sized 33.9X35.0 cm was especially discovered inside of the Goddess of Mercy statue. The record contained original sentences describing wishes which start with record accompanying great monk (大德同發願文), listing of around 500 names, and 15 April King Hongmu 16 (洪武十六年四月十五日) as finishing word. By the record, it was unveiled that the Buddhist rituals were served by monks and the statues were manufactured in 1383. In the original sentence, over 500 names of highly ranked and virtuous monks and ordinary people (believers stationed at home) were clearly written randomly without their titles or belonging classes, which is a distinctive feature compared to other records. This listing style of donators seemed to imply equality of all people in front of Buddha. Among donators, more than half of the members were monks, and in the ordinary believers familiar name like Lee, Seonggye was noticed. Many people listed in the record were compared to the people attended in various Buddhist rituals in Anshimsa temple at Mt. Myohyang, Shinruksa temple or Taegosa temple shown in the literature of 14th century in the end-Goryeo dynasty. These rituals brought attentions because of the event of cherishing memory after death of famous monks of Zigong, Seongak named Naong, Wonzung named Bowooseonsa. The event coincided with the Buddhist ritual for monk Naong. Due to the sudden death of monk Naong, cherishing his death occurred nation wide, and consecutive Buddhist rituals which accompanied enshrining a bit of ?ar?ra (舍利, monk`s bone after burnt dead body) were held all over the nation. In 1383, year of manufacturing Buddha statue, stone bells housing ?ar?ra of monks Zigong and Naong were built in Anshimsa temple, and various articles left by the dead monk Naong were displayed in Bohyeonsa temple. Because the Buddha statue was a small sized golden statue, it has low possibility to be enshrined in the temple. It was very popular in the 14th century to enshrine Buddha statue in the rock wall of high mountains, which was the influence of faith in favor of Mt. Gumgang. In reality, small sized golden statues were occasionary unearthed in the area of Mt. Gumgang, Mt. Myohyang and Mt. Gaya. By observing bronze case and railing unearthed together, the Buddha statue had highly possibility to be enshrined in the mountain, especially in the area of Mt. Gumgang or Mt. Myohyang. Really, Mt. Gumgang and Mt. Myohang were the location of enshrinement of funerary stupa and ?ar?ra of monk Naong. Especially, Mt. Myohyang was related with area of monk Naong`s missionary activity, and actual Buddha statue was unearthed at Bubwangbong, Mt. Myohyang.


2-Arylcyclohexanones have been synthesised by the benzyne reaction of o-substituted halogenobenzenes with cyclohexanone or its enamine in the presence of sodium amide in tetrahydrofuran or in secondary cyclic amines.


Considering the increased population and functionality of urban areas, we have studied the prediction of damages to and disaster mitigation strategies for urban areas which may be devastated when large disaster strikes. We have developed high-precision, highresolution subsurface soil structure models in Chukyo Area including Nagoya city, by which strong ground motions are first predicted for every site of the area using a pseudo-empirical Green's function method. Next, major damages are predicted based on earthquake response analyses of various structures such as energy facilities in reclaimed areas, industrial plants in alluvial plains, and high-rise buildings and ordinary school buildings in urban areas. We then have attempted to quantify disaster response capabilities of urban areas to set the target level for disaster mitigation countermeasures. Moreover, we have explained newly developed simulation tools for guiding individual residents to take disaster mitigation precautions by themselves.


Unequivocal evidence of tidal triggering is observed for microearthquakes (−0.4 to 2.0 ML) recorded between October 2003 to April 2004 near 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Although semidiurnal tidal stress changes are small (<2 kPa), seismicity exhibits a significant (>99.9%) nonrandom temporal distribution, with events occurring preferentially near times of peak extension. Due to the proximity of this site to an ocean tidal node, where changes in sea surface height are minimal, periodic stress changes are dominated by the solid Earth tide. In contrast, previous studies on the Juan de Fuca Ridge have shown microearthquake triggering to be a response to seafloor unloading during times of low ocean tide. The modulation of 9°50′N microearthquakes by small‐amplitude periodic stresses is consistent with earthquake nucleation within a high stressing rate environment that is maintained near a critical state of failure by on‐axis magmatic and hydrothermal processes.


The forecasting method of ultraviolet radiation flux was studied according to theory of atmospheric ultraviolet radiation and the measured values of total solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation in the arid and semiarid areas of Inner Mongolian Plateau. The forecasting index was determined based on the local climatic characteristics. The method of intensity of ultraviolet radiation flux was studied. The characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in the areas were analyzed.


The separation and quantitative determination methods of permanent gases in chlorine gas,such as hydrogen,oxygen,methane,carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide are disscused in order to prevent the testing system and operators from the possible damage of chlorine gas.It is pointed out that the precision,accuracy and detection limitation of the method can meet the testing requirements of various chlorine-based engineering projects,and the method can be easy,fast and reliable to operate.


In this paper,four amendments,including lime,apatite,charcoal,and pig manure,were applied in a Cd contaminated filed,and ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)was planted for in-situ soil remediation.The results show that these amendments not only increased soil pH but also promoted the transformation of Cd from active forms to inactive ones.These amendments have the ability to decrease the soil Cd toxicity in the order of lime apatite charcoal pig manure.The quantity of Cd bioaccumulation in ryegrass is 13.11 milligram as lime was applied,which is significantly different from the other treatments.Ryegrass Cd uptake depends on soil Cd fractionations.Shoot Cd concentration is positively correlated with B-2-Cd in soil,and the correlation coefficient is 0.730(P0.01).Root Cd concentration is positively correlated with B-2-Cd(r=0.756,P0.01) and B-3-Cd(r=0.786,P0.01) in soil.But,the shoot and root Cd concentrations were negatively correlated with B-4-Cd in soil with correlation coefficient of 0.757 and 0.708,respectively.


This paper discuss the concrete hydration thermal control with the economical and eco-friendly Method Statement, based on the basic perfomance of concrete bio-admixture, Bioconc, which is produce mico-filler, reduce the binder content up to 40%.  The concrete hydration thermal sources is from the cement as binder, since Bioconc may reduce up to 40% binder content, the concrete hydration thermal can be controlled and worked as Low Heat Concrete.  The paper limited discuss about the application of the Bioconc,for laboratory scale trial mix, Low Heat Concrete mock up modelling test and comparison with another 2 (two) Low Heat Concrete above mentioned  [1] , [4]  and does not discuss the Bioconc ingredient.
The research started by laboratory scale trial mix Fc'25 Low Heat Concrete Bioconc based concrete Job Mix, from cement content reduction 20%, 25%, 30% and 40%. The attached result shows optimum jobmix is Fc'25 Low Heat Concrete Bioconc based concrete Job Mix on 40% cement as binder content reduction, was choosen as Low Heat Concrete Mix Mock Up. Later on, further research make  mock up for sampling mass concrete dimension 1000x1000x2500 mm3 was executed. The attached Graph Thermal Monitoring Low Heat Concrete shows that the peak temperature occured 63,5 ?C in 29,5 hours after pouring  and maximum thermal differential between LHC layers is  19,5 ?C. Another two Low Heat Concrete Method Statement, i.e.: Pre-cooling and Low Heat Concrete with Fly Ash 40%, Mock Up Graph Thermal Monitoring also attached for comparison study. The observation and analysis proof that, "Low Heat Concrete Hydration Thermal Reduction with Bioconc"  is work simplifier and economically, for mass pouring.  The most essential thing is that, the basic concept of Bioconc's Low Heat Concrete on reducing the mass concrete cement-binder content means reducing CO2  emision in every concrete production, without any hazard impact to the environment. Its mean Bioconc based Low Heat Concrete contribute to develop the green technology and eco-friendly technology on the concrete industry as sustainable green technology.


The utility model relates to a portable physiological parameter measuring device, in particular to a wireless electrocardiogram processing device, which comprises an MSP430 single chip microcomputer, an AVR single chip microcomputer, a wireless signal transmitting module, a wireless signal receiving module and antennas, wherein the MSP430 single chip microcomputer controls and is connected with the wireless signal transmitting module with an antenna, and the AVR single chip microcomputer controls and is connected with the wireless signal receiving module with an antenna. The processing device mainly solves the problem that an existing electrocardiogram detection processing device brings inconvenience for measuring due to redundant leads, overcomes electrode dropping due to lead winding in detection of electrocardiogram, and leads movement electrocardiogram detection to be convenient, rapid and accurate.


ABSmACT When a robot moves in a partially known environment, the desired trajectory generated in advance (off-line) may lead to collisions with nonstationary obstacles. Therefore, the on-line detection of obstacles in the workspace from sensor information, testing for potential collisions of the robot with obstacles, and possible on-line modifications of the planned trajectory are necessary. This paper describes a method that uses computer vision to detect a moving obstacle in the three-dimensional robot workspace. The movements of the obstacle of unknown dynamics are predicted by means of a recursive autoregressive (AR) time series model, in which the parameters are estimated by the least mean squared error method. This algorithm is combined with an on-line robot trajectory planning algorithm to generate a collision-free trajectory for the cylindrical robot. The approach is demonstrated by laboratory


Today cooperation between Russia and the U.S. in Central Asia, as part of the international efforts designed to neutralize the regional threats and challenges, is best described as spontaneous. There are, however, certain spheres in which their cooperation could be wider for the sake of regional stability. Afghanistan, which remains the main source of the destabilization threat, should become the main target of such cooperation. Both countries need stability in this part of the world; they are united in their desire to cut short radical extremist activities and drug production in this country. In fact, this is a rare example of unanimity related to several points on the long list of international priorities. Their cooperation might even develop, sometime in the future, into a system of regional security concurrent with the interests of both states and the world community. There is hope that these approaches will be discussed, among other issues, at the Moscow Russian-American summit scheduled for July 2009.


(R)-2-aryl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxazolines were synthesized from L-serine methyl ester hydrochloride and aryl cyanides in three steps,including imidization,cyclization and reduction.Their structures were confirmed by IR,MS and 1HNMR.The experimental results showed that(S)-2-aryl-4-carbomethoxy-1,3-oxazolines could be reduced to(R)-2-aryl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxazolines effectively with NaBH4 in ethanol.


Dance is easily the most complex art form, and I would be the last to gainsay any tools which might prove useful in dealing with it. However, I have noticed a recent tendency toward the "Buck Rogers syndrome," that is, the use of sophisticated highspeed computers for tasks which might better be done by human beings. Analivia Cordeiro's recent "Computer Dance" report is an example of one such enthusiastic effort. The computer has been used to generate sequences of random steps, qualified by artistic "rules," that could quite literally be "pulled out of a hat."


To correspond to drastic change in international society such as globalization, graduate education plays a key role in development of human resources. The new trans-graduate-school education program called Nitobe School was launched in 2015 as one of the main education projects of Top Global University Project in Hokkaido University. This is a trial case report of the comparison of commercial English test for the Graduate School students. We employed about 50 students from the various graduate schools in Hokkaido University, and they took same commercial English tests (TOEIC and TOEFL), then its result is discussed in here. As a result, it was turnout that students need to take same type of English placement test before and after the program. Also depend on the students future career and/or English ability, student themselves need to choose TOEIC or TOEFL as a placement test at the beginning.


The homosexual experience in the United States is one which many people are interested in given the times, yet still many do not understand the history behind their struggle for equal rights. Unlike the many publicized revolutions such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Feminist Movement, the Gay Liberation Movement is one that often gets glossed over. There is plenty of scholarship regarding the national movement pertaining to New York, Washington D.C., California, and to some extent Chicago, yet there still lacks scholarship. This study will focus the genesis of the Gay People's Union in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the wake of the Stonewall Riots. In order to understand just why the group formed a thorough analysis of the origins of the movement, starting with the homophile movement in the 1950s up to the birth of Gay Liberation around the time of the Stonewall Riots is warranted. The main finding within the primary scholarship that will be analyzed pertains to the relationship between religion and sexuality and the players in Milwaukee, mainly focusing on the Council on Religion and the Homosexual. The Gay People's Union played a major role in the Milwaukee scene when fostering a non-violent stance toward Gay Liberation and becoming a community player. The story of the fight for equality in Wisconsin, focusing on Milwaukee is just another Midwest story that has yet to be told.


Objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of feeding 60% dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) or the equivalent sulfur from calcium sulfate (CaSO4) to yearling beef bulls on ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The hypothesis for this study was that bulls consuming elevated concentrations of sulfur in their diet will have an increase in H2S present in the rumen. Twenty-four crossbred beef bulls (10 months of age, BW=319.6 kg) were assigned one of three treatments 1) corn based diet containing 60% concentrate (CON, S=0.2%, n = 8); 2) diet containing 60% DDGS as a replacement for corn (DDGS, S=0.44% DM, n = 8); 3) CON diet+ equivalent sulfur of DDGS in diet added as CaSO4 (SULF, S=0.43%, n = 8). Bulls were individually fed in Calan gates at 2% of BW. Ruminal gas samples were taken via rumen puncture 4 to 6 hours post feeding on d0, 14 and 42. Concentrations of H2S were determined using hydrogen sulfide detector tubes which were connected to a volumetric gas pump (Gastec, Kanawaga, Japan). Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED procedures of SAS for effects of day, treatment, and a day × treatment interaction. A day × treatment interaction was present for ruminal H2S (P = 0.005). On d0, there was no effect of treatment (P = 0.97). Bulls fed DDGS or SULF had similar H2S concentration on d14 (P = 0.06), while animals fed CON had lower H2S concentration (P = 0.004). On d42, concentrations of H2S was greater in SULF than all other treatments (P£0.006), while DDGS was greater than CON (P£0.05). Elevated H2S in bulls fed the SULF treatment compared with the DDGS treatment may indicate that ruminal availability of sulfur (S) in CaSO4 was greater than that of the combination of sulfuric acid and S-containing amino acids present in DDGS.


Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs12979860 e rs8099917) in the Interferon Lambda 4 gene (IFNL4, formerly IFNL3 and/or IL28B) has been associated with failure in the innate immune response, sustained virological response in hepatitis C, and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) development. To search for these polymorphisms several methodologies can be employed, such as sequencing, real-time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in PCR products (PCR-RFLP), and tetra-primer PCR. The present study compared the performance of the tetra-primer PCR in relation to the PCR-RFLP, both optimized in the Research HTLV Laboratory of the Center of Immunology of Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo. One hundred DNA samples obtained from patients of STD/Aids Reference Centre in São Paulo, previously analyzed for IL28B SNPs by PCR-RFLP were selected for analysis, after confirming that they represent all IL28B SNPs patterns described in the literature. The results obtained showed concordance between the PCR-RFLP and the tetra-primer PCR SNPs results, and because of the low cost, easy to perform, and minor employment of biological specimen and reagents, the tetra- primer PCR is of choice to be used in routine.


Visual quality metrics describe the quality and efficiency of multidimensional data visualizations in order to guide data analysts during exploration tasks. Current metrics are usually based on empirical algorithms which do not accurately represent human perception and therefore often differ from the analysts' expectations. We propose a new perception-based quality metric using deep learning that rates the correlation of data dimensions visualized by scatterplots. First, we created a data set containing over 15,000 pairs of scatterplots with human annotations on the perceived correlation between the data dimensions. Afterwards, we trained two different Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), one extracts features from scatterplot images and the other directly from data vectors. We evaluated both CNNs on our test set and compared them to previous visual quality metrics. The experiments show that our new metric is able to represent human perception more accurately than previous methods. CCS Concepts • General and reference → Metrics; • Human-centered computing → Visual analytics; • Computing methodologies → Perception; Neural networks;


Regardless of the comments expressed above, the editors are to be warmly commended for bringing this volume successfully to publication during what has been an exceptionally challenging period over the past 2 years due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. This edited volume remains a welcome addition to the field, helping to broaden our understanding of construct definition for speaking assessment.


The article discusses SCADA systems in GPRS networks, their engineering concepts and reali- zation possibilities. The first part of the article describes SCADA systems in general: the main elements and their functions are introduced. The second part discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various data transmission systems. GPRS networks are selected as the most appropriate medium to be used in SCA- DA systems. Consequently, GPRS networks and their relation with GSM networks are introduced as well. The last part discusses the minimum hardware and software requirements for realization of the most basic SCADA system.


This article evaluates the relationship between the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law of 1995 in China with continuing Chinese policies and scientific research based in eugenics. This article also explores the nature of western criticism and conception of eugenics in regards to Chinese eugenics-based science and medicine, with specific attention paid to the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law and recent Chinese feats in genetic engineering. Eugenics: Introduction/Background: In Europe and America, eugenics is associated with Nazi science and thus demonized; in China, it is a mainstay of the scientific establishment and political advancement. How do we understand these differences, and how do they relate to contemporary scientific and political climates? One of the most pervasive and influential social and scientific philosophies in modern China is something that originated in western society, quickly died out, and consequently became taboo in western culture because of its negative historical connotation. This philosophy is eugenics: the system under which Adolf Hitler was able to validate the holocaust of those he deemed subhuman. Eugenics, however, is a widely misunderstood concept; it is also the system that gave the modern world invaluable insight into the validity of genetic research, contraception, and birth screenings. This controversial topic continues to drive Chinese politics and social reforms, while western societies such as the United States look on with trepidation. Although complex, China's relationship with eugenics continues to be a driving force in the country's development and progress. Eugenics officially began as a western construct that stemmed from the ideals of Social Darwinism, taking hold in the United States and other European societies; however, the idea of eugenics is neither new nor unique (Gillham 98). When Sir Francis Galton, the founder of eugenics, wrote Natural Inheritance in 1889, he was greatly influenced by Darwin's earlier Origin of the Species (Gillham 92). Eugenics, at its core, means "good stock," and advocates for selective breeding in order to better the human race (Gillham 98). While this concept may not seem particularly insidious or threatening at face value, it seems that eugenics really only is seen as problematic if it is explicitly employed by a state or system of authority, which we see evidence of in popular heated arguments about abortion laws where conservative religious groups call Planned Parenthood federallysupported organization that achieves "Eugenics by abortion" (Jackson), while liberal, pro-choice advocates ardently offer discordance (Gandy). This controversy of state-sponsored eugenics is a mainly westernized fear, due to its connotation with the Nazi party in Germany, which explicitly used eugenic philosophy and science in its holocaust programs. It is a reasonable cause for worry. As stated by the Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Social Issues, "In its day it was legitimate science, but today it haunts any discussion of controlling fertility or heredity" (1398); however, eugenics and politics are intricately linked, with Eugenics even becoming a political platform: "Eugenics was the popular science and associated political movement for state control of reproduction...." (Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Social Issues, 1398). Since this is such a controversial topic, especially when dealing with any sort of reproductive laws in the West (such as the abortion debate mentioned above), we can use the experiences of Eurocentric societies in our consideration. Eurocentrism is a system in which European or Anglo-American societies define other societal experiences, demographics, and worldviews in terms of European or Anglo-American values. Often this system relies on a sense of western exceptionalism, which defines the European or Anglo-American traditions and cultural values as superior to the culture or society in question. We can use an evaluation of Eurocentrism and western exceptionalism to advance a discussion on the importance and influence that eugenics has had in China, as well as its effects worldwide and criticisms from western societies such as Europe, Canada, and the United States. For the sake of brevity, we will look specifically at the progression and effects of China's current Maternal and Infant Health Care Law, passed in 1995, and China's new advances in the fields of gene splicing and selective gene therapy. Throughout, we will evaluate these laws and programs in relationship to how the West portrays and interprets them, and whether these reactions are warranted or not. Nevada State Undergraduate Research Journal Open-Access Publication: NSURJ.com VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 1 | SPRING 2016 28 Social Science The Chinese Maternal and Infant Health Care Law: The Maternal and Infant Health Care Law of 1995 was enacted with the purpose of "ensuring the health of mothers and infants and improving the quality of the newborn population" (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 1). The law outlines the importance of China's involvement in providing mothers and infants with sufficient health care (Article 2). There is a definite eugenics-inspired element to the law, which we will focus on: Articles 7-13 focus on "pre-marital health-care services" (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 7). Article 7 states that the State must provide services to pre-marital citizens, which includes sex education that focuses on reproduction and genetic disease; a health consultation with marriage and child development advice; and a medical examination for both partners (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 7, Items 1-3). This medical examination must be "conducted for both the male and female planning to be married to see whether they suffer from any disease that may have an adverse effect on marriage and childbearing" (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 7, Item 3). The law continues to detail the nature of these examinations, which must include screenings for "genetic diseases of a serious nature; target infectious diseases; and relevant mental diseases" (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 8, items 1-3). In other words, couples must go through an examination process before they are married in order to be given a certificate of marriage by the state. As we find in Therese Hesketh's piece, this process is conducted by a doctor. She states, "Inquiry is made about hereditary illness and problems that might jeopardise parenting abilities, such as learning disorders and psychiatric problems" (Hesketh 277–279). Beyond psychological screenings, people are also given the standard physical screening: "The physical examination includes the obvious—height, weight, and blood pressure—and the rather less obvious—colour and distribution of hair" (Mao 139). The inclusion of the color and distribution of hair is exceptionally interesting, since this analysis of hair color and distribution was used in early Eugenic research in western societies such as the United States (Ayob and Messenger 412–413). Even more interesting is the special attention paid to sexual or hormonal conditions: "special (perhaps obsessive) emphasis is given to secondary sexual characteristics. In men these are feminisation of breasts, pubic hair...and so on. In women the pelvic examination is supposed to include palpation of the uterus and ovaries" (Hesketh 277). This suggests that these screenings are present to prevent more than just mental illness in babies, but also hormonal and physical defects that might otherwise hinder the child's full quality of life or societally contrived normalcy; furthermore, this evidence suggests that while screening for the health of the next generation, these doctors are also screening people to determine if they are going to be effective and healthy parents (emotionally, mentally, and physically). While these tests are potentially very useful in the context of childbirth and child-rearing, they serve the purpose of establishing the couple as "fit" or "unfit," as defined by local or provincial criterion (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 13), for marriage; in other words, the couple must "pass" the premarital tests in order to become married— "fit" couples are rewarded with the certificate of health required for marriage (Hesketh 277). If the couple does not pass, they must seek therapy or health care in order to be married: "in other cases the marriage must be postponed to allow for some form of treatment or counselling," (Hesketh 277). The law states that any member of the partnership who is still unable to pass the examination because of a serious condition, "which is considered to be inappropriate for child-bearing from a medical point of view" (Article 10), can only be married when they are no longer able to bear children, after "taking long-term contraceptive measures or performance of litigation operations" (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Article 10). In other words, couples with severe enough conditions or who are deemed "unfit" for child-bearing by a doctor are forced to agree to permanent contraception (Hesketh 277). While this law may seem cumbersome and problematic to some westerners, it is not a new or foreign concept, as many people who want children consider their health and the possible subsequent health of their offspring. For instance, 94% of non-invasive prenatal testing clinics offer fetal screening to prospective parents in the United States; such clinics screen for birth defects and certain incurable, debilitating conditions such as Down's syndrome (Allyse et. al.). It seems the only difference is that China's screenings are mandated by the state. While the law does not explicitly require all marriages to be conducted this way, providing a provision for prospective parents to challenge the results of the examination (Maternal Infant H.C. Law Articles 11-12), this means little in a one-party system known for imprisoning or institutionalizing people who do not conform to wha


Policy directed at influencing social and environmental determinants of health is an increasingly important component of successful community-based health promotion. A challenge in crafting effective policy is to achieve a balance between sound science and political pragmatism that meets the needs of populations throughout the life course. Policies directed at adolescents may be particularly effective as factors outside the home become increasingly important at this stage of development in shaping behaviors known to affect health including smoking eating and sexual practices. Translating applied research into appropriate and effective policies has the potential to improve the health and lives of entire cohorts of adolescents and may carry over into later stages of their lives. Unfortunately limited time funding and training can relegate policy implications and development to little more than an afterthought in most public health research. (excerpt)


The statistical characteristics of kinezohydrodinamic model of research of high-speed characteristics of physical efficiency of small laboratory animals – white rats are submitted. Possibility of its use in preclinical researches for an assessment of influence of medicines on efficiency of animals is shown.


Editor: We read with great interest the article by Dr Mori and colleagues (1) about the determination of the ablative margin (AM) on magnetic resonance (MR) images by using impaired clearance of ferucarbotran, which appeared in the May 2009 issue of Radiology. We have also studied the effectiveness of this technique after radiofrequency (RF) ablation in nine patients with 11 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules. In these patients, the results of this approach were compared with those of three-phase dynamic computed tomography (CT). The nodules were 8–33 mm in maximum diameter. All patients underwent RF ablation 1 hour after ferucarbotran (Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) injection. Unenhanced T2*-weighted MR images were acquired after 3–7 days, and dynamic CT imaging was performed at the same time. In five (45%) of the 11 nodules, distinguishing the AM from the necrotic tumor was difficult because the volume of the central hyperintense area had increased, making the necrotic tumor nonvisible on MR images. Because the AM cannot be calculated if the necrotic tumor is not visible, the thickness of the hypointense rim (2 mm) was considered to be the thickness of the AM. In the remaining six nodules (55%), the AM was considered to be distinguishable from the tumor, and the border between the tumor and the ablated peritumoral liver tissue could be identified. A nonenhancing area (the AM) surrounding accumulated lipiodol (the tumor) was visualized in all nodules on CT images. An AM of 5 mm or greater was an important factor for local control of HCC and survival (2). MR imaging with impaired clearance of ferucarbotran can provide a useful approach for determining whether there is an AM surrounding the tumor, but it cannot be used to determine whether the AM is large enough.


Pursuant to the Strategy of Sustainable Developmentof Rural Areas, Agriculture and Fisheries 2012–2020,one of the long-term objectives of main rural developmentmeasures is to improve the standards of living in rural areas.The purpose of the paper is to diagnose the sources of incomeand the levels and structure of consumption expenditure inrural households in the context of sustainable development,living conditions and quality of life. Relevant data was retrievedfrom household budget studies, statistical yearbooksand other works. The study period was 2000–2015. Statistical,descriptive and comparative methods were used in theanalyses. Structure indicators, measures of position, growthrates and variability indexes were presented. According tothe analyses, the rural households' average monthly disposableincome per capita more than doubled over the 2000–2015period. However, rural incomes continue to be only 50% ofthose earned in large cities. The level of income is determinantfor consumption expenditures. The largest amounts of moneyare spent on food, beverages and housing, as well as on energyand transport, as far as services are concerned.


It is a known fact that English language was imposed on indigenous language speakers, and because of its world influence, English is dominant over other indigenous languages in Nigeria. However, when English migrates to foreign countries, it adapts and indigenises. The new users absorb and liberate it to embody the energies of their respective sensibilities. This paper identifies a feminist reading of the use of code alternation in strengthening indigenous cultures and languages in literary text. It uses Chimamada Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a sample. Few extracts of code switched items; the switch to and from different varieties of Nigerian English, Pidgin or an L1, depending on change in addressee or even the status or age of different addressees, were selected from the novel and analysed using insights from Myers-Scotton & Bolonyai (2001) revised Markedness Model theory of code-switching. It observes that the linguistic, social and cultural contexts of a feminist writer necessitate and propel the growth of code varieties and these serve as acts of identity.


The importance of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) in the function of the central nervous system is increasingly evident because PRR seems to play a role in neuronal control of cardiovascular function. PRR expression is elevated in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that altered activity of PRR in the NTS is linked to hypertension. Eight weeks of chronic knockdown of the NTS PRR, using recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2)-PRR-small hairpain RNA (shRNA)–mediated gene transduction, caused a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the SHR (shRNA, 173±5; Control, 151±6 mm Hg) but not in Wistar Kyoto rats (shRNA, 108±7; Control, 106±6 mm Hg). The MAP elevation in the SHR was associated with decreased inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, interleukin-6, C-C motif ligand 5, and their transcription factor, nuclear factor-&kgr;B. Consistent with the pressor effects of the PRR knockdown, acute bilateral NTS injection of human renin (2 pmol/side) decreased MAP and heart rate (HR) in SHR (&Dgr;MAP, −38±4 mm Hg; &Dgr;heart rate, −40±10 bpm), with negligible responses in Wistar Kyoto rats (&Dgr;MAP, −4±3 mm Hg; &Dgr;heart rate, −12±7 bpm). These effects in SHR were attenuated (80%) by prorenin handle region peptide but were not affected by angiotensin II type 1 or angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockers. Finally, PRR activation in SHR neuronal cultures by prorenin activated nuclear factor-&kgr;B and increased mRNA levels of interleukin-1&bgr; (250-fold), tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (32-fold), interleukin-6 (35-fold), C-C motif ligand 5 (12-fold), and interleukin-10 (7-fold) in a nuclear factor-&kgr;B–dependent but angiotensin II type 1 receptor–independent manner. Therefore, NTS PRR mediates antihypertensive effects via an angiotensin II–independent mechanism in SHR, which involves stimulation of the nuclear factor-&kgr;B–cytokine signaling pathway.


Food marketers regularly make references to meals and meal times. However, geographic variations in how consumers describe meals and in when meal occasions occur may limit the ability of foodservice providers, marketing researchers, and food manufacturers to effectively use any specific meal definitions. By understanding what words people use to label different meal events (e.g., ""dinner"" or ""supper"") in different areas, food marketers can improve their ability to communicate with consumers.


Underwater ambient noise was surveyed along the shallow-water banks in the regions adjacent to the estuaries of seven major rivers on the west coast of Taiwan. Attention was paid only to the sounds which were considered to be emitted by soniferous fishes. Eight sound types were recorded from the study areas. They were compared to the hand-held disturbance sounds of nine soniferous species captured in the coastal waters of Taiwan in order to determine the origins of the sounds found in the wild. There were few cases of high matches. The sea catfish was treated as the producer of the highfrequency sound commonly occurring in these areas.


The authors focus on the representatives of the Russian of China, living in Trekhrechye (Sanhe Qu), Northeast China. Currently, there are still several villages where the descendants of Russian settlers, mostly mestizos born of mixed parentage live. The most important features of ethnicity for this ethnic group are Russian language, folklore, adherence to the Orthodox tradition, identifying their fate with the history of Russia. On the basis of field research the authors found that one of the important methods of formation and fixation of ethnocultural identity of Russian inhabitants of this region are memorates and marginal texts, existing on the border of speech and writing (notes in the margins of Russian books, letters of the inhabitants of Trekhrechye, the diaries-songbooks). Such texts reflect the marginal ethnicity of Russian inhabitants of Trekhrechye.


Over the past decade,with the rapid internationalization of China's oil industry,the international cooperation models that Chinese oil companies carried out are more and more mature,and the needs of standardization of cooperation contracts are increased gradually.The standardized generalization and effectiveness of the current petroleum cooperation contract are in low level.The issues that we should pay a close attention include the standardized contracts of crude oil exploration,exploitation,production,and sales,the specifications of the qualification of partners,as well as the renegotiation of contracts.It is important to perfect the legal regime of China's oil international co-operation of exploitation and contracts management that we analyze the oil cooperation contracts systematically in China in the view of law.


Different derivatives of ( Z)-1-(4'-(benzylidineamino)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy- 4-methyl-1,8a-dihydroquinolin-2(3 H)-one have been prepared and all the compounds have been characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. In vitro -anti-tubercular activity was carried out against mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 RV strain and antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi.


Abstract. The spectral fine structures of Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) are best investigated with the Wideband Receiver (WBR) of Cassini's Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument, with which measured radio fluxes can be displayed in time-frequency spectra with resolutions of 125 ms and 0.1 kHz. We introduce seven different classes of SKR fine structures ranging from dots (one class for 0-dimensional objects) over lines (four classes of 1-dimensional objects being horizontal, vertical, or with negative or positive slope) to areal features (one class for 2-dimensional objects). Additionally, we define a 7th class containing special structures named according to their appearance in time-frequency spectra. These special features are named rain, striations, worms, and caterpillar, and the latter two have never been described in the literature so far. Using this newly defined classification scheme we classify features in spectra at low frequencies in the baseband of the 80-kHz WBR and at medium frequencies around 325 kHz. A statistics of the occurrence of various classes and sub-classes shows some notable characteristics: Lines with a positive slope are much more common at medium frequencies than at low frequencies, and vertical lines are almost absent at low frequencies. The particular fine structure of striations (group of narrowbanded lines with predominantly negative slopes) is quite common below 80 kHz, but less common near 325 kHz. At these medium frequencies, the lines rather look like interrupted striations, which we term with the name 'rain'. We also find rare instances of striations with a positive slope, and rare instances of absorption signatures within areal features. The newly introduced sub-classes of worms (lines oscillating in frequency) and caterpillar occur almost exclusively below 80 kHz. Caterpillars have a typical bandwidth of 10 kHz, a constant frequency below 40 kHz for several hours, and they are mostly observed beyond distances of 15 Saturn radii around local dusk. We discuss the implications of our findings in view of the many theories about spectral fine structures of auroral radio emissions.


This article considers the fixed‐time distributed optimization problem of multi‐agent systems with external disturbances, in which the global optimization objective is a convex combination of local objective functions. To solve this issue, a directed communication network is carefully designed, and an integral sliding mode control protocol is proposed based on the gradient of global objective function first. Moreover, two distributed optimal protocols are designed by using the gradient and the Hessian matrix of local objective function, respectively. By employing Lyapunov stability theory, graph theory, convex analysis, and inequality techniques, we prove that all proposed protocols can make agents achieve consensus and converge accurately to the optimal solution of the considered problem in some fixed‐time intervals. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to verify the feasibility of the theoretical results.


Fixed location hydroacoustic fish monitoring was carried out at a series of sites in the tidal River Hull, north-east England, in July 1996 during periods of moderate freshwater flows and spring tides. This was followed by a corresponding series during a period of lower freshwater flows and spring tides in autumn 1996. The surveys indicated substantial numbers of fish living upstream and downstream of a depleted oxygen zone which exists in the tidal Hull. Conditions in this zone of poor water quality deteriorated further during low flow periods due to reduced dilution of effluents. Fish populations moved with the tide apparently in response to gradients of dissolved oxygen and salinity. Under conditions of low freshwater flow and high tides, gradients of salinity and oxygen were steeper and fish responses appeared more marked: at higher salinities, the response to increasing salinity overrode the response to decreasing oxygen availability.


This paper extends the Barro (1990) model with single aggregate government spending and one flat income tax to include public expenditures and taxes by multiple levels of government. It derives the rate of endogenous growth and, with both simulations and special examples, examines how that rate changes with respect to federal income tax, local taxes, and federal transfers. It also discusses the growth and welfare-maximizing choices of taxes and federal transfers.


Abstract The methods of multi-DOF actuator orientation detection based on machine vision and magnetic field sensor and neural network based multisensor fusion are presented in this paper. Special grid pattern is printed on the surface of rotor according to the pseudo-random encoder for the camera capturing the image of the rotor. The magnetic field sensors are adopted and properly placed circling the shaft of rotor for detection the orientation information. By analyzing the image of the rotor, the coordinates of characteristic points in the coordinate system fixed on the rotor are derived. Combined with the magnetic sensor scheme to reduce the measurement error and enhance the fault tolerant ability, a multisensor data fusion scheme using BP neural network is developed and validated by experiment. The results show that multisensor data fusion based on NN is superior to single measurement method with more accuracy and high reliability, which is more effective and practical for applications.


The objective of this study was to assess the bulk density critical value to the castor bean and maize growth of an Alfisol under no tillage. In this context, samples were taken from 0-0.30 m depth for the soil physical parameters assessment. In the condition of this study and considering 10% of macroporosity we suggest 1.55 Mg m -3


Russia's opportunistic annexation of Crimea in March 2014 in the face of the West's impotence has weakened the West globally and has strengthened Russia commensurately. Ukraine, in future, would be foolish to adopt an anti-Russian stance. There are significant actual and potential costs for Russia and the overall balance is still uncertain, but it is clear that the West has reaped what it sowed.


In this design, we will present a kind of transducer based on the DSP, which uses SPWM control to realize the three phases AC voltage output. The importance of this paper are the arithmetic of the SPWM control.


The article considers social optimism as a social and psychological phenomenon. Its main components are revealed (generalized positive expectations and belief in the ability of one's group to cope with difficulties). The socio-psychological fac-tors that influence its severity, as well as its psychological functions in a crisis, are analyzed. It is concluded that at the moment social optimism performs a pre-dominantly protective function (protection of a positive group identity and psy-chological well-being of group members), while it is necessary to maintain its in-strumental function (facilitating the setting of ambitious joint goals, solidarization of people of different views around common social - economic tasks).


The yield gap and the production constraints in the rice-wheat (R-W) system in eastern Uttar Pradesh were studied. The yield gap II (difference between the yield obtained at nearest demonstration plot and actual yield obtained on farmers' fields in a particular region) has been found 45 percent and 38 percent in rice and wheat crops, respectively, in the irrigated rice-wheat system. The technological and socio-economic constraints have accounted for 54 percent and 46 percent of the yield gap, respectively, in the system. Soil-related constraints rank first, followed by weed-related constraints. Among the individual constraints, zinc deficiency rank first followed by nitrogen deficiency and incidence of Phalaris minor . The study has concluded that for the sustainability of the R-W system, priority should be accorded to bridge the existing yield gap  through addressing the production constraints. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11749 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 623-632, December 2011


Introduction. For a comprehensive study of the urban environment, various natural objects, there were used - snow and soil cover, accumulating atmospheric precipitation, which allows assessing the spread of pollutants in the environment. The purpose of the study is to assess the quantitative content of priority pollutants in the snow/soil system as a result of dispersion from man-made sources. Material and methods. Studies of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum products (PP), and fluorides in snow and soils under man-made loads were carried out. Snow sampling was performed at sites with undisturbed snow cover during the beginning of snowmelt. Soil samples were taken at the same points where snow samples were previously taken. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fluorimetric and potentiometric methods were used. Results. The detected PP content in samples of snow/soil samples was in the range of 0.04-0.98 mg/l/2.8-71.2 mg/kg; Σ PAH -2.13-134.76 mg/l/0.13-38.987 mg/kg; fluoride- in the range of 0.68-13.48 mg/l/1.5-61.0 mg/kg. High concentrations of pollutants were registered at points closest to man-made sources, as well as near highways and railway tracks. The composition of PAHs is relatively uniform at all sampling sites. snow samples were mainly dominated by low-molecular polyarenes - from 52.8 to 68.5% of ΣPAH, and soil samples - 5 -, 6-nuclear PAHs, the proportion of which varied from 63.7 to 85.3% of ΣPAH. Conclusion. Analysis of the obtained material shows the maximum concentrations of pollutants (PAH, PP, Fluorides) to be observed for snow and soil samples near the industrial zone: 0.35 km South of the aluminum plant, as well as in a soil sample taken from the village of Olkha, at a distance of 2.5 km from the source.


The normal rate of O2 consumption of 10 mature male guinea pigs was compared with that produced during the first several days in the novel situation and by sexual satiation and frustration. A higher than normal rate of O2 consumption recorded on the first day was followed by a lower than normal rate on the second and third days. Neither sexual satiation derived from ejaculation nor frustration produced by interrupting the copulatory pattern after the first intromission was found to modify significantly the normal rate of metabolism. In an attempt to explain these results, several hypotheses were suggested based on either the tendency of the guinea pig to crouch when frightened or the nature of the stimuli in the chamber of the metabolism apparatus.


The elderly are the prime users of all medication and especially self-medication using Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs. This group also has the greatest risk from misuse or interaction of multiple medications. To minimize the risk, information about OTC consumption must be provided to the elderly. This research reports on the importance of various information sources to light and heavy users of OTC medications among the elderly and an evaluation of those information sources with respect to perceived expertise, credibility, understandability and relevance. Communication strategies are suggested for reaching this at-risk group.


Latinos have various options in how they identify and mobilize as a group. These choices include national origin, pan-ethnic, or even American based identities. Despite advances in understanding of how shared ethnicity shapes Latino political decisionmaking, there are still a number of unresolved questions as to how Latinos conceptualize their group and how these forms of group identity shape political preferences. I find evidence that levels of acculturation and national origin strongly predict group attachments. More acculturated Latinos are more likely to identify as American. I also find differences in pan-ethnic identification based on national origin. Dominicans and Salvadorans are more likely to identify as Latino or Hispanic than Mexicans. Latino identities also inform support on immigrant policy. Latinos with stronger perceptions of national origin and pan-ethnic interests are more supportive of pro-immigrant measures. However, this relationship is attenuated by levels of acculturation such that more acculturated Latinos are less supportive of pro-immigrant issues.


ABSTRACT In this study, a novel sampling method was established to study changes in the activity of lactic acid bacteria during spray drying. Before spray drying, a sampling device with a refrigerant and a magnet was pre-cooled and positioned in a spray-drying tower. Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was added to the drying media to increase the sampling mass by the magnetic effect. During drying, a temperature sensor measured the particle contact temperature. After drying, the sample in the sampling device was taken out to analyze the characteristics, including the mass, water content, and bacteria livability in the sample. The sampling device and method were optimized with a sampling cup with a depth of 3.5 cm (for contact temperatures below 79.1°C) or 5 cm (for contact temperatures below 89.1°C). The ratio of CIP to reconstituted skim milk (RSM) was 1:10, and RSM concentration was not lower than 20% (w/w). This method was then applied to spray drying of Lactobacillus bulgaricus sp1.1. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that 2 mL of sterile water placed in the sampling cup prior to drying resulted in a more accurate measurement of cell viability. This sampling method can be used in practical spray drying applications for biological materials without using a special instrument or drying tower.


The purpose of this thesis is, through analysing the characteristics of the definitions in Korean school mathematics textbooks, to explore the levels of them. Definitions used in academic mathematics are rigorous. But they should be transformed into various types, which are presented in school mathematics textbooks, with didactical purposes. In this thesis we investigated such types of transformation. With the result of this investigation we tried to identify the levels of the definitions in school mathematics textbooks. We tried to construct, with consideration about methods of definition, frame for analysing the types of the definitions in school mathematics. Methods of definition are classified as connotative method, denotative method, and synonymous method. Especially we identified that connotative method contains logical definition, genetic definition, relational definition, operational definition, and axiomatic definition. With these analyses we made a frame for investigating the characteristics of the definitions in school mathematics textbooks. With this frame we identified concrete types of transformations of methods of definition. We tried to analyse this result with van Hieles' theory about levels of geometry learning and the mathematical language levels described by Freudenthal, and identify the levels of definitions in school mathematics. We showed the levels of definitions in the geometry area of the Korean school mathematics.


Summary
Bronze leaf disease (BLD) of species and hybrids of aspens, grey and white poplars (Genus Populus, section Populus) is a systemic disease incited by the fungus Apioplagiostoma populi (E.K. Cash & A.M. Waterman) M.E. Barr that results in a characteristic bronze to dark brown pigmentation of infected leaves in late summer and early fall. Branches on affected trees die over a period of several years, disfiguring trees and eventually leading to mortality of susceptible trees planted in landscapes. In this study, we describe the histopathology of the disease and fungus development relative to external symptoms on affected trees. A. populi hyphae were observed in leaf vessels, lateral veins and xylem vessels of stems and roots of affected trees. Hyphae were also observed in veins and vessels of asymptomatic leaves. Xylem vessels of growth rings on dead branches were completely occluded with A. populi near the vascular cambium and together with the ray parenchyma were stained a bronze colour. Evidence of putative toxin damage to mesophyll cells, not colonized by hyphae, was observed and may contribute to the characteristic tissue staining observed. The development of the fungus was consistent with previous reports, but in this study, we report additional details including perithecial development and ascospore release from predominantly abaxial leaf surfaces. We also report for the first time the isolation and growth of the pathogen in pure culture and systemic infection of roots.


Blood Transfusion is among the life-saving medical interventions that has significant impact in preventing and/or reducing mortality. It has however been associated with life-threatening adverse outcomes. In Eritrea, the burden of blood transfusion reaction is unknown. This study is conducted to estimate the incidence and determine the nature of blood transfusion reactions in all Eritrean hospitals using historical data. This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in all Eritrean hospitals. Data was collected from all Eritrean hospitals', Eritrean Pharmacovigilance Centre and the National Blood Transfusion Centre in Eritrea and entered and analyzed using CSPro and SPSS respectively. In the ten years period, a total of 87,655 blood and blood components were transfused and 37 cases of blood transfusion reactions (0.42 cases per 1000 transfusions) were documented. The median age of the study population was 27 years (interquartile range: 23) and reactions were mainly reported in females (68%). All but one of the reported blood transfusion reactions were acute and dominated by immunogenic febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (37.8%) followed by allergic reaction (29.7%), anaphylaxis (10.8%), and hemolytic transfusion reaction other than ABO antibodies (8.1%). Almost all reactions were acute and majority of which were febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. About one in four (24.3%) of the cases were serious and outcome was fatal in two cases. In conclusion, though the estimated incidence of blood transfusion reaction in Eritrea was found to be low, the seriousness of the cases urge establishment of a functional haemovigilance program.


As drama is the art of action, action is the core factor for actors' portrayal of their roles. On the stage, body language is a very essential way to showcase the roles that actors play as well as the lines delivered. This essay is to explain the distinctiveness of body language applied in drama performance from three perspectives: particularity of character images shown by body language; prescriptive scenario restraints on body language; realistic yet dramatic performances of body language. Besides, combining the practical campus plays, relevant issues will be stated with solutions to the body language performing issues of non-professional actors.


Through introducing the architecture design of Qufu Confucius Institute,this paper mainly discusses how to do the spatial design by absorbing nourishment from the regional historic culture,in view of urban study,architecture design,landscape design,interior design decoration design and etc.With such a holistic thinking,architect could raise the new style of contemporary buildings to a higher level based on the traditions.


Treatment and management of alopecia are highly determined by an accurate diagnosis, which can be challenging due to the lack of methods to properly visualize hair follicles. Current standard diagnosis is based on dermoscopy for non-scarring alopecia and scalp biopsy for scarring types of alopecia. Dermoscopy can be inconclusive, while biopsy is a painful procedure. In this study, we used a clinical tomograph based on multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to non-invasively image the scalp of 5 healthy subjects and of 12 patients affected by non-scarring alopecia (androgenetic and areata) and scarring alopecia (frontal fibrosing). MPM is capable of non-invasive in vivo imaging of follicular structures in human scalp including hair shafts, hair follicles and sebaceous glands via two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) from keratin and NADH/FAD and of the papillary dermis surrounding the hair follicles through second harmonic generation (SHG) from collagen and TPEF from elastin fibers. In normal and non-scarring alopecia patients, MPM often identified presence of sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles, while MPM images of scarring alopecia were characterized by miniaturization of hair follicles as well as by presence of macrophages and lymphocytes surrounding hair follicles. A quantitative analysis involving measurement of hair follicle diameter sizes showed they were significantly smaller in scarring comparing to non-scarring alopecia patients and to normal scalp subjects (p < 0.043). This study shows, in a limited number of patients, that MPM imaging can non-invasively identify morphological features that distinguish scarring from non-scarring alopecia.


The application of three brands of IIR,i.e.IIR 1751 from China,Β? ?675N from Russsia and JSR268 from Japan in the inner tube of cart tire was investigated.The results showed that the Mooney viscosity,processibility and curing behaviour of all three IIR inner tube compounds were similar;there were little differences in physical properties among their original and aged (120 ℃×48 h) vulcanizates;and the physical properties and endurance of all finished inner tube met the requirements in the relevant national standards.All three brands of IIR were suitable to make the inner tube of cart tire,but IIR 1751 was more competitive because of its lower price and higher availability.


Superior Court Judge Richard J. Tobin refused to dismiss four counts of a seven-count lawsuit filed by [name removed] against Stamford Hospital. Tobin charged the hospital with breaching her HIV-antibody testing confidentiality following a needlestick accident that occurred at the hospital. [Name removed] said she pricked herself with a needle she found on the floor of the hospital. When she returned to the hospital to be tested for HIV antibodies, a hospital employee stated, in a loud voice that was within earshot of bystanders, that the patient was here for an HIV-antibody test. Balzac then asked the employee to explain that she was there because of the needlestick injury. The employee refused. The focal point of the lawsuit was the alleged establishment of willful misconduct. The court relied on a 1995 ruling defining the term as conduct that displays a reckless disregard for the safety and rights of others and the consequences of one's actions. The hospital succeeded in striking down one of the contested counts involving invasion of privacy.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of creatine phosphate injection in acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred patients of acute cerebral infarction were randomized into treatment group and control group(50 patients in each).The control group was underwent extract of Zhusheyong Xueshuantong 0.3 g intravenously per day,and clopidogrel bisulfate tablets 75 mg orally per day for 15 days.And,the treatment group was treated with creatine phosphate injection 1.0 g intravenously twice a day for 15 days besides the drugs.Results Neurologic impaired function score in treatment group were decreased apparently,and there was statistical difference compared to control group ﹙P 0.01﹚.There were apparent statistical differences between two groups in cerebral infarction volume﹙P 0.05﹚.Conclusion Creatine phosphate injection has assistant effect on treatment of acute cerebral infarction,which can decrease disability rate and improve prognosis.


Demonstration method is often used in technical and vocational teaching. This has led to a longer period of teaching and learning (TL influence their thinking skills and the knowledge exhibited. Therefore, the use of video in T&L is the latest alternative to allow students to see the process involved in practical and stimulate students' ability to engage in T&L. This should be added to the Project-Oriented Problem Based Learning (POPBL) because the concept of learning is suitable for learning base on performance and establish the characteristics of the competencies required by employers. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the characteristics of video learning base on POPBL. This characteristic was built based from the analysis results of previous study and expert interview in Malaysians.


At the turn of the twenty-first century, discourse on outsourcing has been shifted from production capabilities to innovation capabilities. Known as one of the outsourcing powerhouses of the world, India has so far come across a unique transition from production to innovation. However, the transformation was yet complete. This study aimed to explore barriers to innovation among Indian post-outsourcing firms in information technology industry. Through interpretivst lens, qualitative research technique was adopted, and cultural dimension and organizational culture theirs were employed to explore the transitional stage. The findings showed that national culture, business environment, endangered social capital, intolerance of failure and risk aversion, and hierarchy and social order were altogether were the blockades. Nevertheless, this problem was transitory since new generation with more open work values have entered the industry.


Objective To investigate the benefits and challenges of medical student volunteers'involvement in community diabetes education and to provide evidence for future development and suggestions.Methods Self-made questionnaire survey and interview were conducted among members of community health education volunteer in Southeast University.Data concerning basic group composition,major service contents,intention and gain,sources of motivation,knowledge acquisition and skill training were analyzed.Results 88.t04% volunteers chose professional work as the kind of work they were most interested in,in contrast,69.56% did nonprofessional work in reality.Initial intention of 66.30% volunteers was 'to beautify curriculum vitae'.'Morality promotion' was taken as major gain by most volunteers (36.96%) while 'morality promotion' was the initial intention of only 4.89% volunteers.46.20%volunteers thought that their sources of motivation came from ' recognition of society and university'.Through training and voluntary service,it was evident that volunteers gained increased diabetes knowledge,stronger professional identity and confidence as well as deeper understanding of patients' needs,but there were real demand for training in education and clinical skills.Conclusions The introduction of medical student voluntary service into community diabetes education is a win-win cooperation,which can cultivate college students' high morality as well as strengthen the community health education team.However,we still face challenges in volunteer team building and management.

Key words:
Volunteer service; Community; Diabetes education


Many branches of psychology are developing in our country. In particular, a lot is being done to develop management and leadership psychology. One of the key issues is the training of leaders who will serve the country with loyalty and justice. "Critical analysis, strict discipline and personal responsibility should be the daily rule of every leader, whether he is the Prime Minister or his deputies, a member of the government or a regional governor." Indeed, now the leader, the issue of training them is becoming one of the most pressing issues. In this article, we have tried to raise the issue of charisma and leadership, which are the characteristics of a leader. We have tried to explain what charismatic traits are, what a person should do to have these traits, as well as the necessary psychological advice.


The present study investigated the relationship of 16 Personality Factor (16 PF) Scores to institutional adjustment, educational level, recidivism, and escapism of 665 prisoners in a maximum security prison. Two phases of data analysis were conducted. Multiple two-tailed Students' t tests resulted in significant differences on all 16 PF Factor Scores between prisoners and Cattell adult norm group. Significant differences were also found between prisoners and Cattell prisoner norms. In phase two, four multiple linear regression models were constructed. Significant 16 PF scales, age, and educational differences were found within the prisoner sample. Possible implications of the use of the 16 PF in regression models in paramorphic clinical prediction programs are discussed.


Abstract To date, the known Chinese fauna of egg-parasitoids of the genus Oxyscelio Kieffer encompasses two species from the mainland – Oxyscelio doumao Burks and Oxyscelio nubbin Burks. Here we record eighteen species of Oxyscelio from collections in mainland China: Oxyscelio arvi Burks, Oxyscelio ceylonensis (Dodd), Oxyscelio convergens Burks, Oxyscelio cordis Burks, Oxyscelio crebritas Burks, Oxyscelio cuculli Burks, Oxyscelio dermatoglyphes Burks, Oxyscelio doumao Burks, Oxyscelio florus Kononova, Oxyscelio granorum Burks, Oxyscelio intermedietas Burks, Oxyscelio jugi Burks, Oxyscelio kramatos Burks, Oxyscelio longiventris Burks, Oxyscelio naraws Kozlov & Lê, Oxyscelio perpensus Kononova, Oxyscelio planocarinae Burks, and Oxyscelio striarum Burks. Oxyscelio is primarily found in the tropics, and most of these species are shared with Taiwan and southeast Asia. Three species previously known only from Japan, Oxyscelio arvi, Oxyscelio florus, Oxyscelio perpensus, are shared. The Chinese species are recorded from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang as well as additional material from Taiwan. Heptascelio hamatus Masner & Johnson and Platyscelio pulchricornis Kieffer are both recorded from Hainan and Guangdong, as well as records of Platyscelio pulchricornis from Sarawak and Thailand.


Hui'anbao-Zhongning Oil Pipeline was put into operation in 1978 with a total length of 164 km and 325 mm in diameter,the design pressure was 6.27 MPa,and the design capacity was 400×10~4 t/a. According to a long-term transportation program,the transportation capacity of the pipeline will be increased from current 218. 5×10~4 t/a to 550×104 t/a in 2005. To achieve it,four stimulation programs are worked out. Through an economy evaluation, the optimized stimulation program (pipe displacement to increase oil throughput) is determined. Combining the design program,the number of main pumping sets are also de- termined.


It is introduced that filtration chip of raw material filter was cleaned by use of method of roasting and chemical cleaning together.The result of cleaning showed that the method was effective.


Considering Nikola Milosevic never wrote about the connection between his own literary-theoretical methodology and Karl Popper's theory of knowledge, this paper aims to investigate the explicitly subtle but implicitly strong concurrence between the two.Milosevic's study Negativan junak [A Negative Hero] appeared when structuralism was blooming, and was itself written in a mostly empirical vein. This makes it a suitable candidate for investigating the extent to which the philosophical epistemology of Karl Popper, who believed in empirical foundations of both sciences and humanities, could be implemented into literary theory. Milosevic first considers pros and cons of various theoretical approaches and schools of thought when it comes to investigating the paradoxical nature of the negative hero. Milosevic then offers a hypothesis that a somewhat modified structuralist method would be the most suitable, which he follows with a set of methodological instructions, in a Popperian vein. Using a deductive starting point, itself inspired by Popper's scientific epistemology, we conclude that this thesis withstands empirical testing and requires only minimal correction. We also touch upon the issue of whether the liberal political philosophy, espoused by both Popper and Milosevic for the better part of their respective careers, was necessarily linked to their scientific methodologies, or their being against dogmatism and totalitarianism in general and for finesse in every hermeneutic operation. Supporting the claim that there was indeed a link is the fact that both thinkers pointed to the positive role of the "spirit of criticism", which provides a corrective for hypotheses that tend towards dogmatism and totalitarianism. This spirit acts as a feedback loop, "airing out" both Popper's and Milosevic's epistemologies, making them rationally conceivable as well as institutionally applicable.


When Susan Brownmiller published Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape in 1975, few anticipated that it would become a feminist classic published in more than a dozen languages. Even fewer imagined that it would foreshadow a proliferation of public discourse on sexual assault in an array of institutions, including the family, the workplace, higher education, sports, the Church, and the U.S. military. Entering the word "rape" in Ngram1 reveals that over the 20 years following the publication of Against Our Will, rape rapidly proliferated as a topic in books. In the period from 1985 to 2005, so too did the topic of prisons. And further, during the latter part of that time period, the topic "transgender" began to gain momentum. In 2003, the passage of the landmark Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) defined prison rape as a national social problem worthy of federal intervention; it memorialized in public policy the intersection between rape and prisons, and brought historic attention to the rape of transgender people behind bars.2 It is in the confluence of these seemingly disparate concerns—decades of thinking about rape as a form of gendered violence, prisons as uniquely


Fermented milk products such as yogurts have been consumed for several thousand years and the belief that they are beneficial to health is probably equally ancient. But it is only in recent years that scientific support for these beliefs has begun to build. Fermented milk products, like the milk from which they are made, are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. However, in addition to these purely nutritional properties, there is increasing support for a number of other health advantages. The evidence for some of these is stronger than for others. For example, while the support for improvement in tolerance of lactose by maldigesters of this disaccharide is now very robust, evidence to support the alleged ability of fermented milk products containing particular bacterial cultures to reduce cancer risk is still in its infancy. This paper focuses on the products recognized by Consumers as 'yogurts'. It includes a comparison of the nutritional value of milk and yogurt, consideration of consumption trends and their impact on nutrition, and summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence associated with a number of suggested health benefits of biofermented milks.


Online social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, provides users with services that enable them to interact both globally and instantly. The nature of social media interactions follows ...


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides high yields of high purity, a method for producing a mono-acetal of hydroquinone. The method the protected hydroquinone is reacted with enol ether to form a protected intermediate, it utilizes a two-step reaction. The intermediate body by hydrocracking, monoacetal hydroquinone as a final product, with much higher purity, moreover be produced in much higher yields than ascribed yield reactions known in the art.


We present a necessary and sufficient condition for an ellipsoid to be an invariant set of a linear system under a saturated linear feedback. The condition is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities and can be easily used for optimization based analysis and design.


We aimed to assess whether awareness of a terminal illness can affect care decision making processes and the achievement of a good death in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care services.


Wind energy systems based on doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) are very sensitive to grid disturbances, mainly voltage sags, which can cause rotor and stator overcurrents and rotor overvoltage, resulting in turbines shutdown or even damage to the converter connected to the rotor. Besides, the transmission system operators have been issuing strict grid codes, which require the wind energy conversion system (WECS) to keep operating during grid disturbances and supplying reactive power to the system, if necessary. Due to difficulties to access the offshore DFIGs, avoiding damages and shutdowns in these WECS is paramount. In order to overcome this problem, this article proposes the control of the generator stator flux through a series voltage compensator (SVC) with minimised components. The proposed SVC draws power from the grid through a transformer with a single turn in the primary side (single turn primary transformer) and injects power in the system through an LC filter, without any series transformer. The control of the generator stator flux reduces considerably the stator and rotor current as well as the rotor voltage, allowing the generator to ride-through the grid disturbances.


Abstract Bioinformatic techniques targeting gene expression data require specific analysis pipelines with the aim of studying properties, adaptation, and disease outcomes in a sample population. Present investigation compared together results of four numerical experiments modeling survival rates from bladder cancer genetic profiles. Research showed that a sequence of two discretization phases produced remarkable results compared to a classic approach employing one discretization of gene expression data. Analysis involving two discretization phases consisted of a primary discretizer followed by refinement or pre-binning input values before the main discretization scheme. Among all tests, the best model encloses a sequence of data transformation to compensate skewness, data discretization phase with class-attribute interdependence maximization algorithm, and final classification by voting feature intervals, a classifier that also provides discrete interval optimization.


La Sangkuru Patau is one of the Arung Matoa Wajo has substantial powers. His remarks could be a law and society Wajo stick to what he says. So when La Sangkuru Patau said that he had converted to Islam, the community participated Wajo also embraced Islam. Arung Matoa Wajo La Sangkuru with doing business in developing Islam in Wajo that bring Datu Sulaiman to provide Islamic religious instruction in public Wajo, then set up a sara officers' special charge of handling issues such royal Friday prayers, warnings Islamic holidays , then hold the officer cadre sara 'that will be placed outside the capital of the kingdom (Tosora), sara officers' given the facilities, such as free of taxes, as well as the parallel position to the position of indigenous stakeholders.


Treatment of delayed and nonunion of fractures has economic, social, and psychological implications for individuals and society. This noninvasive technology is rather simple, inexpensive, and the electronics are reliable. Despite the promising and supposedly miraculous achievements of electrical stimulation of bone healing, orthopaedists refrain from employing it on a large scale for all who can potentially benefit. Long-term follow-up results on large groups are not yet available, thus fundamental uncertainties as to costs and benefits still exist. This commentary focuses on three basic problems with the technology that can explain its limited utilization: 1) is the new formed bone a "normal" bone; 2) do we really understand the process underlying this new bone formation; and 3) is there any immediate or delayed damage to bone marrow? If more and better data become available to resolve the above uncertainties, we may see the procedure evolving beyond selected populations and even applied to heal simple fractures.


This paper analyses the technical efficiency of public hospitals in Tunisia during the period 2000–2007. We use a two-stage procedure proposed by Simar and Wilson (2007). In the first stage, we use data envelopment analysis (DEA)-VRS model to identify the efficiency scores, and the second stage, we use a bootstrapped truncated regression model to identify the covariates that explain technical efficiency. We confirm that the efficiency growth did not improve significantly over the period of this study. In addition, we show that the efficiency of public hospitals is homogenous, with little variation across the analysed hospitals.


Impressive advances in production technology have created high‐density displays operating over wide color gamuts, but what is built must be tested, and improved production requires improved metrology. Color presents a particularly challenging metrology problem because even high‐quality color cameras are not traceable to spectral standards. Spectrometers provide accurate color information but without the spatial resolution required to faithfully capture display color quality. As described in this article, the author's team assembled an instrument that combines the strengths of both spectrometers and high‐quality cameras to provide rapid and reliable metrology for color displays.


Comparison was made of the gametophytic development of Phlebodium araneosum , P. pseudoaureum and P. decumanum . Spores were collected from several Mexican localities ranging in altitude from 30 to 2300 m and sown on agar with mineral salts. Similarities in germination type and prothallial development were observed. Adult gametophytes are cordate-spatulate to cordate-reniforrn; garnetangia are of the typical type of the cornmon leptosporangiate fems. All three species share similar morphogenetic features of the gametophytes, and these do not l end additional characteristics to support the distinction of Phlebodium from Polypodium , Microgramma and Niphidium , as regard the sexual phase.


Central venous cannulation is a common procedure done in hospitals
both in operating room (OR) and Intensive care unit (ICU) settings to
provide uid, blood and blood component infusions, and to monitor
central venous pressure, and administration of intravenous drugs to the
patients. Various non-invasive modalities are used for the successful
positioning and conrmation of correct placement of needles,
guidewires, and venous catheters, including intra atrial
electrocardiography (ECG) guidance, ultrasound guidance, X-ray
imaging, with contrast enhanced computed tomography remaining the
gold standard for conrmation of catheter placement (1).


As a contribution to the knowledge of the sculpture developed in Spain during the XVIIIth century, field where there is still a lot of work to do, we present the information about the artist Isidro Carnicero that we have found in the archive of the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts. The artist was closely related to this institution, developing different activities and producing an important part of his work in it, until he became Director General. In this text we try to show not only some actions unknown until now but also to clarify some questions published before that had been wrongly interpreted.


The crude Hexane extract of Apium graveolens seeds were screened for their antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antileishmanial and brine shrimp lethality activities. The extracts were tested against six different species of human pathogenic bacteria by using Agar well diffusion method and six fungal strains by agar tube dilution method. The Hexane extract exhibited strong inhibitory activity against animal pathogens Trichphyton longifuss (80%) and Microsporum canis (80%), this extract was found to be devoid of insecticidal, antileishmanial, contact toxicity, antibacterial and brine shrimp lethality activities. Key w ords: Hexane, Agar, Bioassays tests, Animal pathogen


An A-Z guide to warfare from the classical period to the present day, including the social, political, technological, and economic background of major conflicts. Entries cover people (military leaders, theorists, inventors, etc.), weapons and equipment, wars, campaigns, and battles, strategy and tactics, logistics, fortifications, military life, military literature, military medicine, as well as wide-ranging contextual entries on topics as diverse as animals in war and pacifism. There are 75 specially commissioned maps, and 20 in-text line diagrams.


The Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak classified as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, is caused by a novel corona virus called "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2). The virus affects mainly the human respiratory system. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) is another respiratory infection known to affect human for centuries and may share common clinical presentation and risk factors with COVID-19 infection. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion that the two infections might co-exist so there is no delay in the diagnosis and starting the appropriate treatment. There are few case reports about TB and COVID-19 coinfection, the first case report ever was from china, and few others around the world. Here we report two cases of co-existing COVID-19 and newly diagnosed pulmonary TB infections in Oman.


The Calogero model bears, in the continuum limit, collective excitations in the form of waves and solitary modulations of the density of particles. This sector of the spectrum of the model was investigated, mostly within the framework of collective field theory, by several authors, over the past fifteen years or so. In this work we shall concentrate on periodic solutions of the collective BPS-equation (also known as " finite amplitude waves "), as well as on periodic solutions of the full static variational equations which vanish periodically (known as " periodic vortices " , or " large amplitude waves "). While these solutions are not new, we feel that our analysis and presentation add to the existing literature, as we explain in the text. In addition, we show that these solutions also occur in a certain two-family generalization of the Calogero model, at special points in parameter space. A compendium of useful identities associated with Hilbert transforms, including our own proofs of these identities, appears in Appendix A. Finally, in Appendix B we also elucidate in the present paper some fine points having to do with manipulating Hilbert transforms, which appear ubiquitously in the collective field formalism.


The aim of the study was to assess the variability and trend of major climatic elements in the Cape Coast metropolis and the possible impact of these changes on the yield of major crops produced in the metropolis. Climatic data covering a period of sixteen years (1993-2008) was obtained from the Ghana Meteorological Agency, Cape Coast. Crop yield data spanning a period of eight years (2000-2008) was obtained from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), Cape Coast. Probability analysis of rainfall data was also used to predict the probability of occurrence and exceedance of rainfall of a certain amount in the future as well as the return period. The study revealed that over the period under scrutiny, temperature and evaporation have been increasing gradually, it was also discovered that peak monthly rainfall is also declining and there is a higher probability of lower amount of rainfall occurring in the future.


We study the separation of positive and negative data examples in terms of description logic (DL) concepts and formulas of decidable FO fragments, in the presence of an ontology. In contrast to previous work, we add a signature that specifies a subset of the symbols from the data and ontology that can be used for separation. We consider weak and strong versions of the resulting problem that differ in how the negative examples are treated. Our main results are that (a projective form of) the weak version is decidable in $\mathcal{ALCI}$ while it is undecidable in the guarded fragment GF, the guarded negation fragment GNF, and the DL $\mathcal{ALCFIO}$, and that strong separability is decidable in $\mathcal{ALCI}$, GF, and GNF. We also provide (mostly tight) complexity bounds.


Cyrtophagoides ghooubori Narcndran gen. & sp. nov. is described as a parasitoid of the Ghoon borer, Dinoderus sp., of Bamboo in Karnataka, India and compared to related genera. Heydonia indica Narendran (Pteromalidae) is newly reported from the tunnels of Dinoderus sp. and Dendrocalamus strictus (Rosch,) (Pteromalidae) is newly reported from India.


The first to express this belief and put it in a tangible shape before the public was Mr. A. G. Butler, who published a paper in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., based upon a collection of moths made by Lord Walsingham in Oregon. He states he does not hesitate to stay that he believes that the different forms do not represent several distinct species, but different forms or varieties of one extremely varaible species.


The use of local memory is important to improve the performance of OpenCL programs. However, its use may not always benefit performance, depending on various application characteristics, and there is no simple heuristic for deciding when to use it. We develop a machine learning model to decide if the optimization is beneficial or not. We train the model with millions of synthetic benchmarks and show that it can predict if the optimization should be applied for a single array, in both synthetic and real benchmarks, with high accuracy.