The turbulence in the atmospheric inflow to a wind turbine as well as the turbulence produced by the wind turbine are considered. A good understanding and ability to model this turbulence is critical for designing turbines with higher efficiencies and greater reliability. The atmospheric boundary layer is first discussed broadly followed by a presentation of past and present measurement and modeling efforts. The effects of the atmospheric boundary layer turbulence on wind turbine aerodynamics and aeroelastics are then discussed, and the importance of wake turbulence is considered. Attempts to use control to mitigate the effects of turbulence on the wind turbine are presented, and the extreme challenges of modeling all the relevant scales of turbulence required to accurately model wind turbines is discussed. As each of these items is presented, future needs for bettering our understanding of turbulence relevant to a wind turbine are identified. The presentation of these subjects makes it clear that there is still much to be learned about the turbulence associated with wind turbines that could impact future designs.


This paper presents a supervisory controller of a regenerative auxiliary power system (RAPS) designed for service vehicles to reduce engine idling. The RAPS is capable of electrifying auxiliary devices by using recaptured kinetic energy, which distinguishes it from its counterparts, auxiliary power units, and auxiliary battery-powered units. The supervisory controller is a model predictive controller (MPC) to guarantee that service vehicles save energy by achieving two objectives: they minimize the energy consumption of the auxiliary systems and optimize the output power of the engine. Thanks to the multiobjective optimization feature of the MPC, the proposed supervisory controller optimizes the power consumption of auxiliary systems and the power flow of the powertrain simultaneously for the first time. In order to show the advantages brought on by the proposed RAPS with the controller over the conventional vehicles, a case study is performed and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the RAPS can help a light service vehicle save about 7% fuel under the study scenario and even more for heavy vehicles.


Traffic accidents can cause loss of a person or disability as well as injuries that require immediate help, such as hard object trauma to the head which can cause nerve disorders, failure in an organ such as respiratory failure and kidney failure, loss of fluids and electrolytes in large quantities, bleeding, and trauma or injury to the musculoskeletal system. Hospitals as health care facilities that have health workers must be able to provide optimal health services, especially for patients who are in an emergency condition. Efforts to provide health services to emergency patients are basically able to prevent death or disability that may occur. A study was carried out on 32 respondents (nurses) which aimed to determine the level of knowledge of nurses about handling emergency patients due to traffic accidents at the Emergency Unit of Parapat General Hospital, where this research is descriptive in nature, and uses totally sampling (the whole population), namely totaling 32 people, and carried out using primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. After data processing was carried out, it was found that the majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge, namely around 20 people (62,500%) and had good knowledge, around 6 people (18,750%), less knowledgeable, around 6 people (18,750%) based on the level of education, the majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge, namely around 20 people (62.500%) and good knowledge about 6 people (18.750%).


In this paper, we study the general problem of optimizing a convex function $F(L)$ over the set of $p \times p$ matrices, subject to rank constraints on $L$. However, existing first-order methods for solving such problems either are too slow to converge, or require multiple invocations of singular value decompositions. On the other hand, factorization-based non-convex algorithms, while being much faster, require stringent assumptions on the \emph{condition number} of the optimum. In this paper, we provide a novel algorithmic framework that achieves the best of both worlds: asymptotically as fast as factorization methods, while requiring no dependency on the condition number.
We instantiate our general framework for three important matrix estimation problems that impact several practical applications; (i) a \emph{nonlinear} variant of affine rank minimization, (ii) logistic PCA, and (iii) precision matrix estimation in probabilistic graphical model learning. We then derive explicit bounds on the sample complexity as well as the running time of our approach, and show that it achieves the best possible bounds for both cases. We also provide an extensive range of experimental results, and demonstrate that our algorithm provides a very attractive tradeoff between estimation accuracy and running time.


ing, Chicago Nov. 13, 1983", brochure General Electric Co. (1983), 4 pages. "SlGNA-The Signature of Excellence in MR Imag ing", brochure, General Electric C0,, Nov. 1983, pp. l-10. "Anatomy and Metabolism of the Normal Human Brain Studied by Magnetic Resonance at 1.5 Tesla", PA Bot tomley et al., 150 Radiology 441-446 (Feb. 1984). "Radiology-—70th Scienti?c Assembly Annual Meet ing, Washington, DC, Nov. 25-30, 1984," brochure, General Electric Company, l984; 7 pages.


to understanding the ideology and practice of the Brothers as they re-emerged onto the public scene in Egypt from the early 1970s onwards. She focuses in particular on the book Du'a la quda [Preachers, not Judges], which was authored by leading Brothers under Hudaybi's supervision in the late 1960s in response to Qutb's ideas (although the criticism of Qutb is never explicit). Zollner points out that the discussions triggered inside the prison camps by Qutb's new radicalism represented a formative period for the "new" Brothers. Significantly, among the central authors of Du'a la quda we find Umar al-Tilmisani, Mustafa Mashhur, and Hudaybi's son Ma'mun — all three of whom later succeeded him as murshids. Through her detailed discussion of Du'a la quda, Zollner shows how Hudaybi is carefully laying out a path for the Muslim Brothers that steers away from the extremism of Qutb while preserving the call for the individual Muslim to take responsibility in the fight for the cause of Islam and social justice. In its treatment of the basic question "who is a Muslim?" the book sticks to the classical idea that anyone who pronounces the declaration of faith in earnest must be considered a Muslim. This does not stop Hudaybi from holding forth the ideal of a good Muslim as one devoting his or her life to the struggle for the message of Islam. On this point, Zollner, at times, seems to see paradoxes where none exist. For Hudaybi's call for active struggle as an ideal does not imply the accusation that those who do not live up to the ideal are somehow unbelievers. As Zollner rightly points out, a major thrust of the book is exactly to guard against easy resort to takfir, the branding of others as unbelievers. Hudaybi's moderation is also evident in the attitude towards the call for implementing the Shari'a. Du'a la quda distances itself from extremist understandings of the "sovereignty of God" and points to the necessity and legitimacy of human agency in legislation, and a fortiori in general policymaking. This is linked to the view of political power, where Hudaybi and his co-authors are clear that such power is not granted to any group or individual by God, but must emerge "from the bottom" through elections The Muslim Brotherhood: Hasan alHudaybi and Ideology, by Barbara H.E. Zollner. London, UK and New York: Routledge, 2009. ix + 151 pages. Notes to p. 184. Bibl. to p. 198. Index to p. 202. $140.


A new series of N-(3-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-thiazolidinecarboxamide, 5a-s were synthesized. The reaction of thioglycolic acid with N-(3-(10H-phenothia- zin-10-yl)propyl)-N'-((substituted phenyl)methylidene)urea, 3a-s in the pre- sence of anhydrous ZnCl2 afforded the new heterocyclic compounds N-(3- -(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-3-thiazolidine- carboxamide, 4a-s. The latter product on treatment with several selected sub- stituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of C2H5ONa underwent the Knoe- venagel reaction to yield 5a-s. The structure of compounds 1, 2, 3a-s, 4a-s and 5a-s were confirmed by IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and FAB mass spectros- copy and by chemical analysis. All the above compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against some selected bacteria and fungi and for their antituberculosis activity, the compounds were screened against the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Isothermal fatigue (IF) tests were carried out on the gamma-TiAl alloy in the temperature of 500°C, 650°C and 800°C under mechanical strain control in order to evaluate its cyclic deformation behaviors at elevated temperature. Cyclic deformation curves, stress-strain hysteresis loops under different temperature-strain cycles were analyzed and dislocations configurations were also observed by TEM. The mechanism of cyclic hardening or softening during IF tests was also discussed. Results show that during the IF tests, The hysteresis loops were almost symmetrical above 600 °C, such as 650 °C and 800 °C; The hysteresis loops at the temperature of 500 °C generated two apparent asymmetry, one was zero asymmetry, the other was tensile and compressive asymmetry; Dislocation configuration and slip behaviors are contributed to cyclic hardening or cyclic softening.


BACKGROUND
In the US, norovirus is the leading cause of healthcare-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks. To inform prevention efforts, we describe the epidemiology of norovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

METHODS
CDC collects epidemiologic and laboratory data on norovirus outbreaks from U.S. health departments through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) and CaliciNet. Reports from both systems were merged, and norovirus outbreaks in nursing homes, assisted living, and other LTCFs occurring in 2009-2018 were analyzed. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the National Center for Health Statistics were used to estimate state LTCF counts.

RESULTS
During 2009-2018, 50 states, Washington D.C., and Puerto Rico reported 13,092 norovirus outbreaks and 416,284 outbreak-associated cases in LTCFs. Participation in NORS and CaliciNet increased from 2009-2014 and median reporting of LTCF norovirus outbreaks stabilized at 4.1 outbreaks per 100 LTCFs (IQR: 1.0-7.1) annually since 2014. Most outbreaks were spread via person-to-person transmission (90.4%) and 75% occurred during December-March. Genogroup was reported for 7,292 outbreaks with 862 (11.8%) positive for GI and 6,370 (87.3%) for GII. Among 4,425 GII outbreaks with typing data, 3,618 (81.8%) were GII.4. LTCF residents had higher attack rates than staff (median 29.0% versus 10.9%; p<0.001). For every 1,000 cases, there were 21.6 hospitalizations and 2.3 deaths.

CONCLUSIONS
LTCFs have a high burden of norovirus outbreaks. Most LTCF norovirus outbreaks occurred during winter months and were spread person-to-person. Outbreak surveillance can inform development of interventions for this vulnerable population, such as vaccines targeting GII.4 norovirus strains.


The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the association between adolescent health behaviors (alcohol use, cigarette smoking and marijuana use) and family meal routines. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses by Mosher and colleagues, the search was conducted using select databases (CINAHL, Medline, PSYCHINFO, and Social Science Index).


Xačՙkՙar have been the subject of numerous studies for more than fifty years: the origins, their function, iconography, symbolism, typology and inscriptions have been analyzed qualitatively. A first quantitative study (formal and statistical) was carried out with the xačՙkՙar of Isfahan and Jerusalem, highlighting their structure and classifying their ornaments. In all cases, no study has analyzed the geometric aspects of the composition of the decorations both in terms of construction and result. The objective of this article is both to analyze Momik's xačՙkՙar from the 13th century illustrating Christ and the 12 apostles (hereinafter called "Christ and the 12 apostles") as well as to propose an approach. After a general presentation of the xačՙkՙar (now exhibited at the History Museum of Ełegnajor) and of Euclid's work "The Elements", this article analyzes geometric composition, in particular its relationship with the golden section. The results will be final when the analytical approach will be applied to the other Momik's xačՙkՙar.


A field of study which has hitherto been neglected in Sri Lanka is that connected with the technical aspects of arts and crafts. There is a large volume of information, mainly confined to ola manuscripts, having as their subject matter architecture, sculpture, painting, and other minor arts and crafts. In the Indian sub-continent such works dealing with the techniques of art and architecture have been studied exhaustively wherever possible and the results published in printed form. Unfortunately for us, scholars in Sri Lanka have rarely been inclined to pursue studies connected with this aspect, with the result that all relevant data have remained confined within the circles of artisans and craftsmen practising their traditional systems.


The present invention relates to a language delay treatment system and a method for controlling the same. The language delay treatment system of the present invention comprises a first sound device receiving a sound inputted from a first user; a second sound device receiving a sound inputted from a second user; and a control terminal. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of making the control terminal data-communicate with the first sound device to receive the sound inputted from the first user; making the control terminal data-communicate with the second sound device to receive the sound inputted from the second user; making the control device generate turn information which is sound unit information using the sounds from the first and second users; making the control device determine the dialog pattern of the first and second users using the turn information; and making the control terminal output a reminder message corresponding to a reminder event to a first user when the dialog pattern corresponds to a predetermined reminder event generating condition.


Time dependence of the conversion of acrylamide (AAm) initiated with potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) was examined at various [AAm] and [KPS] in W/O microemulsions of 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium su...


Research work has been done on how to create a brand supporting behaviour but most of the time the existing insights have generally stemmed from research with management, brand practitioner's and even consumers' perspectives. Very little has been done to research the employees' perception towards internal branding and to compare the view of the management and employees' on internal communication. The existing researches are also done on mostly in the context of the businesses in industrialize countries whereas this research would be an intent to find the internal branding practice in a service firm in a country of developing economy. This would able to identify the gap in the practice of internal branding in different socio-economical context. This research is dedicated to find out both back end and front end skilled employees' view towards internal communication in a service firm and based on the findings attempt would be done to see whether the staffs perceive their role differently towards the brand. For conducting the research qualitative data were gathered from the qualitative survey by questioning different employee and management about the internal brand communication and the analysis was done on that. With the respondents view on the internal marketing process, the management do not have fully structured plan to implement a sound internal branding strategy. With a given economical constraint it is not always possible to practice all the aspect of management science, but from the study of the company we can see that service firms such as ISP(internet service provider) companies in weaker economical countries could increase the internal communication practice by just altering the existing inter-departmental communication monitored by innovative senior management, co-ordination of HRM and Marketing with input from engineers.


Reducing hunger and undernourishment is a global priority and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have the ambitious target of eradicating hunger entirely by 2030. Using the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook to 2024, this paper provides projections on the availability of calories at the national level, for the number of persons undernourished, and for the proportion of undernourishment (PoU) that are consistent with the market projections of the Outlook's baseline. It also considers the impact on undernourishment of four alternative scenarios: faster income growth relative to the baseline in developing countries; stronger growth in agricultural productivity; a combination of a faster income growth with a stronger productivity growth; and finally a more equitable access to available food supplies. Under the baseline, the global PoU is projected to fall from 11% to 8% over ten years, with Latin America as a whole dipping under the 5% threshold at which the FAO considers hunger to be effectively eradicated. The PoU falls from 12% to 8% in Asia and the Pacific and from 23% to 19% in Sub-Saharan Africa. The global total of undernourished people declines from 788 million to 636 million. The number of undernourished individuals fall the most in Asia. Higher income growth or more productive agriculture removes more people from the ranks of the undernourished, but in most cases, more equitable access to food leads to the biggest reductions. The analysis confirms that it is not lack of available food that is the fundamental problem, but rather effective access to that food. Trade plays an increasing role in ensuring national food availability for many countries.


Turbulent diffusion from a fixed point-source is classified according to the length of the observation time with the aid of modern diffusion theory. The diffusion zone in the downwind is shown to consist of the linear, cuspidal, and parabolic zones. The effect of the observation time on the diffusivity coefficients and plume spreading is also discussed.


The article is devoted to the implementation of digital technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality, due to the growing human needs in the comfort and safety of service, the speed of obtaining the necessary services and information. Digital technologies related to innovative solutions in the field of service technology, sales and management in selected economic activities are considered. The analysis of digital technologies for consumers and enterprises of tourism and hospitality is carried out. The aim of the article is analysis of existing digital technologies and identifying promising directions for their development in order to satisfy the consumers and achieve the economic effect for the enterprises of sphere of tourism and hospitality. To achieve the objectives were described existing digital technology, their benefits for market actors and consumers, the tendencies of commercial application of different management, operational and marketing decisions. Main methods: dialectical method of knowledge of processes in the sphere of economy and social development, method of system analysis, formal logical method, modeling of socio-economic processes. As a result of the study identified promising areas for the introduction of digital technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality, taking into account the market demand and formulated recommendations for improving their use.


Paul Gayer and Robert Goldfarb (G-G) are certainly correct when they claim that job qualifications are imperfect predictors, not accurate measures of the potential productivity of prospective workers. Their statement that my neglect of this distinction and the learning asymmetry, namely that employers have the opportunity to learn about the true productivity of any employee but not about the productivity of any rejected applicant, are responsible for my conclusion that there is no long-term tradeoff between unemployment and inflation may also be correct. However, G-G confuse the issue by appealing for the relevance of "institutional and organizational constraints" on wages; this argument is not needed to make their case. In my opinion, they have also overlooked potentially important contributions to our understanding of "hidden unemployment, "underemployment," and aggregate labor productivity. In this reply I attempt to clarify their argument on the Phillips curve issue and to point out some of these other contributions. To see clearly the implications of the G-G hypothesis for the Phillips curve, we must contrast the equilibrium situation implied by the model analyzed in my paper with that implied by the model as they amended it. For the purpose of the comparison, we explicitly assume that there are no artificial constraints on the eventual adjustment of wages. Hence, in either situation, the wage structure defined as a relationship between wage offers and qualifications will adapt so that all of those willing to work, given the structure, will be able to after an appropriate period of search. This conclusion appears to be at odds with the G-G statement, elaborated in footnote 3, that wages at the lower end of the structure may have to be negative. This appearance of conflict is resolved when one recognizes the fact that participants will decide not to supply their services well before the wage offered falls to zero. In terms of classical supply and demand analysis, it is reasonable to expect, for the reasons given by G-G, that the demand curve for labor whose qualifications are sufficiently poor will intersect the wage axis at a level equal to no less than the wage at which the supply curve intersects the same axis. In other words, no worker with these qualifications is willing to work in return for either his actual net marginal product in my world or his expected net marginal product in the world of Gayer and Goldfarb. Although the characteristics of equilibrium in the two cases can be described in identical terms, the interpretations differ significantly. First, consider the case in which qualifications and productivity are equivalent. Although we may lament for those whose low productivity have forced them to decide to stay home with the kids or engage in some other nonmarket activity and we may recommend training programs and minimum incomes as solutions to their economic plight, we cannot objectively classify them as involuntarily unemployed. However, if qualifications are only related to productivity in a stochastic sense, then there will be some among those who have chosen not to work who are nevertheless productive enough to earn a wage at which they would be willing to work if the true facts were known to the appropriate employer. Their unemployment is "hidden" behind a veil of imperfect information and will remain so because the existing information exchange mechanisms will not reveal the truth in equilibrium. One is hard pressed to classify the situation of such workers as anything other than involuntary unemployment. What about the Phillips curve? Having * Associate professor, Northwestern University.


In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of a stochastic approximation scheme on two timescales with set-valued drift functions and in the presence of nonadditive iterate-dependent Markov noise. We show that the recursion on each timescale tracks the flow of a differential inclusion obtained by averaging the set-valued drift function in the recursion with respect to a set of measures accounting for both averaging with respect to the stationary distributions of the Markov noise terms and the interdependence between the two recursions on different timescales. The framework studied in this paper builds on a recent work by Ramaswamy and Bhatnagar, by allowing for the presence of nonadditive iterate-dependent Markov noise. As an application, we consider the problem of computing the optimum in a constrained convex optimization problem, where the objective function and the constraints are averaged with respect to the stationary distribution of an underlying Markov chain. Further, the proposed scheme neither requires the differentiability of the objective function nor the knowledge of the averaging measure.


The solvation shell structure and dynamics of Al3+ and Cl− in an aqueous solution of 0.8 M AlCl3 are studied under ambient conditions by using an ab initio molecular dynamics method. The solvation structures obtained from our ab initio simulations are in good agreement with the experimental ones for both Al3+ and Cl−. A detailed analysis of intramolecular geometry of hydration waters and dipole moments of the ingredients shows that the polarization has substantial effects on the structures and dynamics of both the cation and anion hydration shells. Implications for metal hydrolysis of Al3+ will also be given.


Both dermatologists and immunologists recognize that humoral and/or cellmediated immunity is involved in host protection against cutaneous microbial invaders; however the relevance of nutritional immunity in cutaneous protection has not been acknowledged. Nutritional immunity can be defined as the ability of the host to withhold metabolic nutrients from invading pathogens. Unable to proliferate, the pathogens will not produce significant disease. Extensive literature pertaining to nutritional immunity in non-dermatological diseases has been reviewed by Weinberg.1 My purpose in this commentary is to report that we recently uncovered a classic example of this type of host-immune response in a fungus disease of dermatological importance—dermatophytosis. The reason for the inability of dermatophytes to penetrate below the stratum corneum remains obscure. The most plausible explanation was put forth by Blank and co-workers,^ who showed that dermatophytes grown in vitro on full-thickness skin cultures would not penetrate if the skin culture was grown over serum. However, if the skin culture was grown over media without serum. the dermatophytes perforated the stratum corneum. These data suggested that a factor in serum was responsible for inhibiting the penetration of these cutaneous pathogens.


We have investigated the XPS spectra of Ce2Rh3Al9 and calculated the DOS by using the full potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) and tight binding linear muffin tin orbitals (TB-LMTOASA) methods. The overall agreement between the calculated and measured XPS valence band spectra is good. The analysis of the 3d XPS (X-ray Photoemission) spectra, using Gunnarson–Schonhammer theory, suggests a mixed valence behaviour of Ce. FP-LAPW calculations show a half-metallic behaviour of Ce2Rh3Al9, whereas LMTO calculations result in a semiconducting and nonmagnetic ground state. This result is, however, in contradiction to the experimental observation of resistivity ρ(T), which does not show an activated behaviour. We attribute the possible appearance of a semiconducting/half-metallic gap for Ce2Rh3Al9 to atomic disorder.


To determine factors affecting locoregional control (LRC) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients presenting with regionally metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCA) of the head and neck.


The development of regenerative life support systems to meet the physiological requirements of humans in space is described. A review of previous research on regenerative systems is presented. NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) program, which is to develop an environment for a human space crew, is discussed. The table of physiological requirements of an average human and the logical system approach to planning a closed system created by Spurlock and Modell (1976, 1978) are examined. The weight of food and oxygen with respect to lift-off weight is investigated. The creation of the proper atmosphere for space, by balancing all the necessary parameters is studied. The need for a mineral and fluid balance and methods of maintaining it are analyzed. The required cooperation between physicians, physiologists, and nutritionists for the success of the CELSS program is discussed.


A prospective study was performed on 11 patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to evaluate the toxicity of an integrated treatment with cis-platinum (70 mg/m2 body surface), doxorubicin (10 mg/m2 body surface) and 8 meV photons. Local and systemic toxicity caused by this treatment schedule was minor. Late sequelae consisted of reduced bladder capacity in 2 patients and proctitis in 1 patient. Complete clinical clearance of the local tumor could be achieved in 9 of 11 patients after a mean follow-up of 8.1 months.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review empirical research on direct‐to‐consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs published in journals over the period from 1997 to 2012.Design/methodology/approach – A structured review of 130 published studies on direct‐to‐consumer advertising of prescription drugs was conducted.Findings – Based on the structured review, the authors identified seven key research themes in DTCA. These are: consumers' attitudes toward direct‐to‐consumer advertising, physician‐patient interaction, content of DTC advertisements, awareness, literacy and memory, consumer information source and search, effect of DTCA expenditures on financial performance, and physicians' attitudes toward DTCA.Research limitations/implications – Avenues for future research are proposed. Future research needs to focus on more empirical studies, television DTCA, online and emerging media DTCA, new and improved measures, ethical issues and regulations, diverse countries, and nurse and pharmacist at...


CONGRATULATIONS to YIA Senior winner Isabella Daza (above) from Port St. Lucie, Florida. Her project examines the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea Wize as a method for biological control of the invasive yellowmargined leaf beetle, Microtheca ochroloma Stal. The project's main objective is to evaluate in the laboratory the repellency of the fungus to reduce feeding by the beetle on crucifer crops. Her results were presented at the Treasure Coast Science and Engineering Fair in February 2014.


The Rokitansky-Hauser-Kuster Syndrome is a serious congenital abnormality of the female reproductive tract. It has an embryologic etiology by a failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts. It may coincide with other kidney and skeletal malformations, mainly of the spine and ribs, and others in the abdominal cavity. The karyotype is 46xx, therefore, the patient may or may not have uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, normal hair distribution, or may also present agenesis of the genital organs. There is a familial appearance and an autosomal dominant mutation linked to sex. Its diagnosis is presumptive in childhood and adolescence. The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of a patient with vaginal agenesis are presented, as well as the creation of an artificial vagina.


Nowadays, there is a great research effort in the field of electric vehicles. In such a context, SiC power modules play a key role for their effective and widespread diffusion especially due to their ability at improving the performance of the traction inverter. The advantages and issues related to SiC traction modules are analysed in this work giving also guidelines for viable solutions. More specifically, electrical and thermal problems, safety and reliability issues, challenges from device paralleling and module layout as well as power efficiency, have been investigated. The aim of this work is to collect all these aspects that must be carefully considered at the SiC power modules design stage. The main merit of this overview is their analysis performed by means of on field experience, in terms of experimental tests, finite element analysis, and circuit simulations.


The invention discloses an all-insulation piercing earthing device and an application thereof. The all-insulation piercing earthing device comprises insulation plastic and earthing aluminum ring; an insulation cover having an insulation function sleeves the external side of the earthing aluminum ring; the insulation cover can be opened and closed; when the insulation cover is closed, the earthing aluminum ring is closed inside the insulation cover; when the insulation cover is opened, the earthing aluminum ring is exposed to the air; an acute angle or an obtuse angle is formed between the length direction of the insulation plastic and the length direction of the earthing aluminum ring. The all-insulation piercing earthing device has the advantages that when the piercing earthing clamp is installed, the weather-proof insulation cover is closed, then the earthing aluminum ring is under protection of the insulation cover integrally, electric shock hazards are avoided, the earthing aluminum ring can be avoided from being oxidized in the air, the service life is more long, the reliability is improved, when an earthing system is used, the insulation cover is opened, the earthing aluminum ring can be exposed to be in contact with an earthing ring, the earthing aluminum ring is in an oblique angle design, the earthing pull hook is automatically guided to the earthing aluminum ring, the installation work is convenient, and the reliable contact is greatly improved.


In order to solve the problems of traditional vehicle detection technology, such as complicated installation and wiring, maintenance difficulties and high cost, the thesis design a vehicle detection system based on geomagnetic sensor that can detect the vehicles speed and implement traffic flow statistic. The system consists of vehicle detection nodes, the master node, and upper computer, the vehicle detection nodes mainly uses STM8L SCM with the geomagnetic sensor and the 433MHz wireless transceiver module. Test results show that the system possesses small size, low cost and high performance, and can actually be applied to outdoor parking spaces detection.


The engineering branch in Jordan is one of the most desirable sectors be studied, for its importance in building society and its requirements. The main objective of this study was to determine the most important reasons for increasing psychological stress on engineering students. By knowing the causes, we can generalize the causes of the phenomenon, which enables us to avoid or reduce its occurrence, so that the psychological stress of engineering students do not develop and become within the psychological disease. No one wants to weaken the pillars of society; development of the psychological state negatively affects all members of society. This research carried out using the electronic questionnaire method and its results analyzed using SPSS program, this is to produce the percentages shown in the tables. One of the most important results we obtained from this research is that we have identified 83% of the main causes of psychological stress among engineering students. The reasons that we mentioned confined to the academic and the economic. This will facilitate in the future to find solutions to the problems of psychological stress for engineers and prevent the development of the psychological state to become disease with increasing pressure.


Aim and Objectives: Mobile towers are known to emit a radiofrequency (RF) radiation continuously, which increases the health concern of living beings. However, still the biological effect of exposure to RF remains controversial. The present study was performed to evaluate the presence of micronuclei (MN) in the exfoliated buccal cells due to the genotoxic effect of cell phone tower radiation. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study that was conducted with randomly selected n = 108 subjects between 5 and 50 years of age from three school-based localities in Chennai, which were located within the radius of 10–25 m around the mobile towers; exfoliated buccal cells were collected. A smear was made using the collected exfoliated buccal cells and analyzed for the presence of MN. The smear was stained using giemsa stain to evaluate the same. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test and Student's T-test. Results: The study results showed that 55.05% of the study population had the presence of MN in at least one field (a total of 10 fields examined), and 45.95% did not have MN in their exfoliated cells examined. The presence of MN was more seen in the 0–10 age groups, with preponderance of the female population (P > 0.05) being statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The presence of MN can be considered as a prerequisite for environmental genotoxicity and adverse health risks due to constant exposure to RF radiation.


There is more focus on linking payment with quality, whether as pay for performance, value-based purchasing or restructured employee benefits packages that modify out-of-pocket expenses based on quality of providers, according to experts.


In the present paper the occurrence of cannibalism, unusual predation on small reptiles (Hemidactylus turcicus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae)), and foraging on small mammal carrion (Suncus etruscus (Mammalia, Soricidae)) by P. siculus is reported.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer diseases in the world after lung and female breast cancer and approximately 945 000 new cases are diagnosed every year. CRC is caused by gen ...


Oscillatory fluctuations of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell appear upon operation with a dry cathode air supply and a fully humidified anode stream. Periodic transitions between a low and a high current operation point of the oscillating state were observed. The transition time for the change from the low to the high operation is fast and does not depend on the operating parameters, while the downward transition depends strongly on the operating conditions. An insight into the transitions is obtained by current density distributions at distinct times indicating a propagating active area with defined boundaries. The high current operation possesses a high electro-osmotic drag and a high permeation rate (corresponding to liquid-vapor permeation) leading to a large water flux to the cathode. Subsequently, the liquid reservoir at the anode is consumed leading to an anode drying. The system establishes a new quasi-stable operation point associated with a low current, low electroosmotic drag coefficient, and a low water permeation (corresponding to vapor-vapor permeation). When liquid water is formed at the anode interface after some time the fast transition to the high current operation occurs due also to a flooding effect leading to blockage of channels. Palabras clave: Polymer electrolyte, Fuel cell, Water management, Oscillations.


Before hot rolling the ingot of plain carbon steel Q235 should be heated to austenite temperature to decrease distortion resistance. The grain size will affect the following hot rolling process. In this paper, the behaviour of Q235 grain growth in reheat furnace was studied with the method of physical simulation. To achieve the equation of grain growth in heating progress, the samples was carried out in different peak temperature and holding time at the Gleeble1500. With the kinetics equation grain size can be calculated and the results provide a basis for the setting of progress parameter during reheating of ingot.


Abstract : Two squads of Light Infantry volunteered to test the role of water consumption on consumption of the Ration, Cold Weather (RCW). One squad was encouraged to drink at least 3 L/man/day (Group 1) while the other served as the control (Group 2). The test was conducted in conjunction with the 6th ID winter warfare training (Callous Warrior). Pre and post measurements were taken along with daily monitoring of food intake, water intake, body weight, and hydration status. Both groups consumed water in excess of 3 L/man/day and their hydration status could be described as high normal (elevated specific gravity and decreased sodium/potassium ratios). There were no significant differences in the energy intakes of the 2 groups, but they only consumed 54% of the energy required (4700 kcal) to maintain body weight (Group 1 lost 3.2% and Group 2 lost 4.1%). Group 1 and 2 consumed a total of 2734 and 3029 kcal, respectively. The main reason for periods of low consumption was the lack of hot water for hydrating ration components when the Yukon stove was not operating. The results of this study indicate zinc and folacin need to be increased in the RCW. To use the RCW as a stand alone ration for the Light Infantry, modifications are necessary in the delivery of water and in methods of heating water to allow individuals to produce hot water. Water consumption needs to be encouraged and containers issued to allow the troops to carry water inside their clothing to prevent freezing. Keywords: Caloric intake, Body weight loss, Nutrition.


The present work deals with the analysis of physicochemical characteristics of municipal waste water of city Varanasi. Most of such water of city flow directly by means of a system of independent drains in river Varuna. Four major nalas in different areas were selected for analysis of waste water quality of city Varanasi during 2008-2009. The result revealed that physico-chemical parameters of city sewage discharged showed quite high values of pH, temperature, alkanity, BOD, COD, Chloride, nitrate , phosphate, potassium, calcium. and low level of dissolved oxygen which make the degradation of water quality of river Varuna.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of three different surgical methods in treatment of elbow unstable radius comminuted fracture. Methods A total of 33 patients with fresh blunt type Mason III radial head fracture in this hospital were divided into three groups,each using radial head excision,fixation or artificial radial head arthroplasty,and elbow function after surgery and long- term complications had been observed. Results Broberg and Morrey scores,carrying angle,degree of displacement and radial proximal forearm rotation in patients with artificial radial head arthroplasty were superior to other methods,and the difference was significant( P 0. 05),but the difference in complications was not significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion Artificial elbow radial head arthroplasty in treatment of patients with unstable radial fracture can effectively improve the postoperative elbow function and reduce the postoperative complications.


Objective
To describe clinical features and prognosis of segmental zoster paralysis of limbs.

Methods
Three patients with segmental zoster paralysis of limbs in Huashan Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were reported, and a total of 23 patients (including the presenting three patients) until January 2019 in China were summarized.

Results
Case 1: A 72-year-old man developed right foot drop three days after herpes zoster in the right lower limb (L4-5,S1). The electrophysiological study showed incomplete common peroneal nerve injury. He was treated with anti-virus drug, mecobalamine and steroids, and achieved a complete recovery after six months. Case 2: A 62-year-old woman developed difficulty raising the right arm one week after herpes zoster in the right shoulder and upper limb (C5-6). The electrophysiological study showed incomplete axillary nerve injury. He was treated with mecobalamine and ginkgo leaf preparation, and achieved an almost full recovery after six months. Case 3: A 86-year-old woman developed left hand weakness two weeks after herpes zoster in the left upper limb, chest and back (C7-8,T1-3). The electrophysiological study was not performed. She was treated with mecobalamine and ginkgo leaf preparation and got achieved an almost full recovery after three months.

Conclusions
Segmental zoster paralysis of limbs was most commonly seen in the elders, within weeks after rash eruptions. Focal motor paralysis appeared in the same segment where the skin eruptions occurred, with the upper limbs being more commonly affected than the lower ones. The electrophysiological study usually showed terminal nerve injuries. The prognosis was relatively good and most of the patients achieved functional recovery.

Key words:
Herpes zoster; Paralysis; Segmental motor paralysis; Limb motor paralysis


Under the heading of Health Information System (HIS), they write that verbal autopsy of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI)/influenza‐like illness (ILI) cases into facility‐level data can help to improve the quality of HIS reporting. However, we want to highlight that verbal autopsy can only reveal what we already know about an illness. In conversation with relatives of a deceased person, when some points appear in front of us, we can surmise and imagine only that sequence of events, which we have witnessed before. But in this pandemic when our colleagues conducted an analysis of the morbid ‐anatomy of expired ones suffering from the disease, novel facts were emerging.


Here we present the construction of a wide range fluorescent protein expression vector that is compatible with other commonly used fluorescence conferring vectors in gram negative bacteria. Cloning the red autofluorescent protein "mCherry" in the wide range vector pHC60 has produced a useful tool for various molecular applications such as multiple fluorescent tagged microscopies. The destination vector is capable of constitutively expressing genes in various genera (Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, ect.). Additionally, its toxin‐antitoxin origin of replication makes it highly compatible with plasmid vectors with pBBR origins. The pHC60 vector originally contains a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequence under its constitutive promoter. The GFP coding sequence was liberated from the plasmid by a digestion reaction with the restriction enzyme BglII. A subsequent double digestion with the restriction enzymes KpnI and XhoI allowed the pHC60 plasmid without GFP to become linear. The mCherry coding sequence was also liberated from the pJPO11 pCAGGS Chop‐mCherry‐WPR cassette by digestion with the same restriction enzymes. Compatible ends then facilitated a straight forward ligation reaction of the mCherry fragment with the linear pHC60V (GFP free) target vector. Additionally, we observed, by fluorescent microscopy, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae labeled with the new pHC60mCherry plasmid in free‐living and symbiotically associated states. A wide range fluorescent protein expression vector that is compatible with other commonly used fluorescence conferring vectors can have various applications particularly in multiple fluorescence tagged microscopy studies.


Starbucks has a lot of loyal consumers from all over the world. There are some reasons that consumers tend to purchase at Starbucks. This study examines the influences of brand reputation on customer satisfaction in Starbucks, Malaysia. The study adopted a survey research design. The method of data collection in this study are internet sources and questionnaires. A total of 100 respondents participated in this survey. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. From the findings of the study, we find out that the aspects of brand reputation influence and correlate to customer satisfaction in Starbucks, Malaysia. Besides, some recommendations for Starbucks' improvement can be obtained through the findings.


The obvious economic importance of losses of nitrogen from the soil by the action of denitrifying bacteria has stimulated investigations on factors affecting this process. That the partial pressure of oxygen influences this biological transformation in certain species has long been known. Various results of increasing the oxygen tension on nitrate reduction and denitrification have been reported; some of the more significant contributions have been summarized by Sacks and Barker (1949). These workers concluded that in Pseudomonas denitrificans "at oxygen tensions of about 5 per cent nitrate can be reduced only as far as nitiite and at partial pressures of oxygen in excess of 5 per cent denitrification failed to occur." They attributed the reduction of nitrate and denitrification observed by other workers to variation in methods of maintaining "aerobic" conditions. In connection with a study on the utilization of nitrogen fertilizers by plants, nitrogen losses were observed although normal conditions of soil aeration had been obtained (MacVicar et al., 1951). This stimulated our interest in the relationship between denitrification and oxygen supply. Careful survey of the literature revealed several studies in which nitrate reduction and denitrification had been reported despite what would appear to be the maintenance of adequate oxygen supply. Investigations were undertaken therefore using the stable isotope of nitrogen in the belief that the use of this sensitive technique might provide additional insight into this complex biochemical transformation.


Polyurethane foams with excellent oil–water separation performance were prepared using hydrophobic raw materials with the assistance of a physical cooling agent.


Galileo's Revenge is about how junk science has invaded the American courts. Peter Huber, an MIT-trained engineer and a leading American expert on liability, describes how fringe experts who make a lucrative living from litigation emerge, "like hookers in June," from their scientific bordellos to bamboozle the courts into awarding damages to people with preposterous claims. A medium was awarded $lm for losing her psychic powers after a cr scan (though the judge threw that one out on appeal). Other successful litigants include a woman who developed breast cancer a few months after she stumbled while alighting from a tram, and a plaintiff whose car surged forward while she was garaging it, killing her 6-yearold son. She was sure she had her foot on the brake and not the accelerator. Though the car's hrakes worked perfectly when tested afterwards, she won, and Audi had to recall 250,000 cars. It's happening here: a convicted sex offender is suing a company who al1egedly exposed him to toxins which turned him into a paedophile. In 1923 a landmark ruling, Frye v the United States, established that expert evidence had to conform to the view of the relavent scientific community. Since then, charlatans of every stripe have united to form their own scientific communities in bogus disciplines such as environmental medicine, awarding themselves fellowships, publishing journals, and general1y mimicking the motions of serious science. Though their 'research' would never be funded by any reputable agency, their eccentric theories are rewarded munificently by the courts. Junk science is not profitable for society as a whole, for it raises insurance premiums and the price of goods, and drives safe products off the market. However, because it points the finger of blame at industries such as cars, chemicles, drugs, and foods, it often gains the support of consumer groups. This is an entertaining, wel1-researched, bril1iantly written, and gripping book.


An empirical study for verifying the correlation of the sales between the large-scale discount stores and the traditional markets depending on the change of the commercial supremacy of the traditional markets has not been carried out yet. The main purpose of this study is to get the relative importance of business factors of the traditional market affecting a sales change of the big box retailer through the status of sales of each shop of the big box retailer. The results of an empirical analysis shows some certain pattern. First, the more adjacent traditional market are near Large-scale Discount store, the less Large-scale Discount store makes a profit. Second, the closer the distance between them is, the less Large-scale Discount store makes a profit. Third, the smaller the traditional market is, the more Large-scale Discount store makes a profit. Plus, the more Large-scale Discount store is away from Seoul, the more it makes a profit. We surmised that variable distribution contents help sales growth of Large-scale Discount store. We also introduced the grounds to analysis the relationship between the business factors of the traditional market and sales changes of Large-scale Discount store through this study.


Nanolasers with ultra-compact footprint can provide high intensity coherent light, which can have various potential applications in high capacity signal processing, biosensing, and sub-wavelength imaging. Among various nanolasers, those lasers with cavities surrounded with metals have shown to have superior light emission properties due to the surface plasmon effect providing better field confinement capability and allowing exotic light-matter interaction. In this study, we realize a robust ultraviolet ZnO nanolaser by using silver to strongly shrink the mode volume. The nanolaser operated at room temperature shows several distinct features including an extremely small mode volume down to 4.2×10-3λ3, large Purcell factor of 20, and group index of ~ 80, which ensures strong interaction with the exciton in the nanowire. Meanwhile, our current experimental results showed that the quality of metal play an important role in laser operation. In this report, I will also demonstrate the stable and low threshold lasing action by using metal grown by molecular beam epitaxy and dielectric layer by atomic layer deposition.


The ageing process quality of life impairment mobility/movement cognition and self-awareness communication recreation, work and leisure sexuality living alone - living with others social responsibility hospital to community? adapting to change meeting physical needs meeting psychosocial needs maintaining a quality service.


: Clinical nursing practice is often associated with a number of challenges and medical issues, including changes in the nature of disease, complexities of health issues, ever-increasing demand from patients, and cost-effectiveness considerations, which could pose serious challenges to health care institutions. Therefore, it is widely considered important for nursing education programs to strengthen curricula to emphasize the concepts and skills needed to participate in nursing innovations in clinical practice to facilitate nursing quality improvement and cost reduction. This study aimed to 1. administer an educational intervention to promote nursing innovation, and 2. investigate changes in nursing students' cognitive load, cognitive process in creative thinking, learning attitude, learning performance, and nursing innovations in clinical practice after the educational intervention. This experimental study was performed with pre-posttest only control group design. A sample of 89 senior nursing students from a vocational college in Taiwan was chosen. The sample was surveyed by means of questionnaire scales to investigate cognitive process in creative thinking, cognitive load, learning attitude, learning performance, and nursing innovations in clinical practice. One-on-one interviews were held with 10 participants following the educational intervention. Descriptive statistical analysis and repeated measures ANOVA were performed in SPSS 21.0. The findings were as follows: (1) Both groups' scores in cognitive process in creative thinking improved from pretest to posttest, with


Based on the analysis of environment,market poten tiality and the resour ces of agriculture and tourism of hilly areas in Taihang Mountains,this paper gi v es the programming and development models of touring agriculture.Three touring a griculture zones and seven arrangements are explained in details.The three zone s are bounded in far,middle and near ones. The 7 arrangements are Liangcheng~Yi x ian,Mancheng~Shunping,Fuping,Pingshan~Lingshou,Luquan~Zanhuang,Lincheng~Xing tai,S hexian~Cixian.The 3 optimal models are based on natural,agro- industrial and cultural landscapes.


The Quantum Substate Theorem due to Jain (2002) gives us a powerful operational interpretation of relative entropy, in fact, of the observational divergence of two quantum states, a quantity that is related to their relative entropy. Informally, the theorem states that if the observational divergence between two quantum states ρ, σ is small, then there is a quantum state ρ' close to ρ in trace distance, such that ρ' when scaled down by a small factor becomes a substate of σ. We present new proofs of this theorem. The resulting statement is optimal up to a constant factor in its dependence on observational divergence. In addition, the proofs are both conceptually simpler and significantly shorter than the earlier proof.


This research was based on the announcement of the launch Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI), which can influence the decisions of investors in the capital market. The purpose of this research to determine how the reaction of investors to the announcement through ISSI stocks in infrastructure, and transportation untilitas listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This type of research using event study method to determine how the market reaction to the announcement. This study chosed PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk  as sample using purposive sampling method. The indicator used are  abnormal return and trading volume activity. Calculation of the data did not find  significant  abnormal return value during window period. The results of calculation showed negative abnormal return value. Through Paired Sample T-test, there was no significant difference in abnormal return before and after the announcement. In the calculation of the volume of trading activity was also not found significant value during the window period. Through Paired Sample T-test, there was no significant differences in the volume of trading activity before and after the announcement. Based on these results concluded that the announcement of the launch of ISSI does not significantly affect the investment decisions of investors and there is an indication that investors still doubt the halal investing in the stock market. Keywords: Abnormal Returns, Trading Volume Activity, Index Announcement, Sharia.


Background and purpose:  Alteplase licensing approval in Europe does not advocate intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for diabetic ischaemic stroke (IS) patients with previous cerebral infarction (PCI). Our aim was to assess whether concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) and PCI are associated with symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) and poor outcome after IVT.


Researches on wetland utilization in Kenya focus more on wetlands located in the ASALs and Lowland areas giving less emphasis to those in high agricultural potential highland areas. This paper examined the utilization of Sironga and Nyabomite wetlands resources in the high potential agricultural areas of Nyamira County. The specific objective established the resources and their uses. Purposive sampling was used in selecting study areas and key informants. Simple random sampling was used in selecting household heads. Data was obtained through the administration of 126 questionnaires of which 115 was used for analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data was presented using statistical tables, percentages and photographs. The common wetland resources utilization practices in the area are brick making activities and crop production. Traditionally, the wetlands provided place for conducting rituals and ceremonies. The following recommendations ought to be prioritized: identification of key stakeholders and assessment of their interests; emphasis on afforestation of the wetlands with trees that are friendly to the environment and adoption of alternative sources of livelihoods. The recommendations of this paper are useful in the sustainable utilization of wetland resources in Nyamira County and other high agricultural potential areas.


With the rapid development of China's agricultural economy, the domestic research on full-power shift transmissions is still immature. In view of the problem of poor transmission shift quality, this paper proposes a tractor full-power shift transmission shifting coordination section law. A transmission dynamics model based on Matlab/Simulink was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the quality of shifting only is better than that of only changing sections, and the quality of shifting after shifting first is worse than that of shifting after shifting first. And selected only the shift and first shift after the two laws of the section, the shortening of the clutch engagement time during the shift only, the impact degree is reduced over time, the first decrease is increased, and the sliding friction work is increased. The change of time between the shift and the transition period, the impact is reduced with time, and the sliding friction work is increased.


This NASA grant covers our ADP research program, which involved detailed radiative transfer calculations of hydrodynamic models of pulsating asymptotic giant branch stars. Synthetic spectra resulting from these calculations are compared with International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observations of these stars to test the validity of the models.


A concept for vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) is proposed and demonstrated to obtain a lasing wavelength with unprecedented temperature stability. The concept is based on incorporating a dielectric material with a negative thermo‐optic coefficient, dn/dT, in the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) to compensate the positive dn/dT of the semiconductor cavity. In a short cavity, the optical field has a significant overlap with the DBRs, and the redshift of the lasing wavelength caused by the semiconductor cavity can be compensated by the negative dn/dT of the DBRs. Here, proof of this concept is presented for optically‐pumped VCSELs emitting at 310 nm, demonstrating a lasing wavelength that even blueshifts by less than 0.1 nm over an 80 °C range with a maximum slope of –3.4 pm K−1. This is to be compared with a redshift of 1–1.5 nm over the same temperature range reported for III‐nitride blue‐emitting VCSELs. Furthermore, this method can also be implemented in VCSELs with longer cavity lengths by including a dielectric layer between the semiconductor and the DBR. The approach used here to obtain a temperature‐stable lasing wavelength is generic and can therefore be applied to VCSELs in all material systems and lasing wavelengths.


Cloud radio access network(C-RAN) has been proposed as a novel mobile network architecture allowing centralized processing. Resource allocation (RA) is the core task in order to coordinate transmissions.In this paper efficient resource allocation technique in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based C-RAN systems is proposed. The task of RA is solved by centralized solutions in a C-RAN.The problem of maximizing the weighted sum-rate of users with target quality of service(QoS)is addressed subject to various constraints. The problem is divided into sub- problems and then sub-optimal solutions are proposed. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms can improve the system performance as compared to orthogonal multiple access(OMA)-based C-RAN systems.


We assessed the performance of state-of-the-art coupled models in reproducing the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) in the Indian Ocean based on the outputs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and compared with the Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Our results showed that the CMIP6 models reproduced the boreal winter–spring Indian Ocean EUC more realistically than the CMIP5 models, although both generations of models underestimated the strength of the Indian Ocean EUC compared with the observations. This underestimation of the Indian Ocean EUC can be attributed to the excessively strong and westward-extended cold tongue in the equatorial Pacific. In the CMIP models, a stronger winter-mean cold tongue favors a stronger zonal sea surface temperature gradient, which forces a strong easterly wind bias over the equatorial western Pacific. This, in turn, contributes to an acceleration of the Walker circulation. This enhanced Walker circulation over the Indo-Pacific Ocean directly causes a lower level westerly wind bias over the equatorial Indian Ocean and drives a shallow west–deep east thermocline tilt bias, ultimately leading to an excessively weak EUC in the Indian Ocean via wind-induced thermocline processes. Compared with the CMIP5 models, the overall improvement in the strength of the winter–spring Indian Ocean EUC in the CMIP6 models can be traced back to the improvement in the degree of the strong and westward-extended cold tongue bias. Our results suggest that efforts should be made to reduce the bias in the mean-state equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature to further improve the simulation and projection of the atmospheric and oceanic circulations in the Indian Ocean.


P127 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) inhibits NaCl transport in the loop of Henle. A deficit in its synthesis or action has been implicated in experimental salt-sensitive hypertension. We examined the relationship between urinary excretion of Na (UNaV) and 20-HETE in 26 essential hypertensive patients classified as salt-sensitive (SS=13) or resistant (SR=13) by an in-patient protocol of 24 hr salt-loading (HI: 160 mEq Na diet+2L saline iv) followed by 24-hr sodium deprivation (LO: 10 mEq Na diet+furosemide 120 mg in first 12 hrs). SS was defined as a fall in ambulatory systolic BP (SBP, noon to 10 pm)≥10 mmHg from HI to LO. The Table shows data in HI and in the second 12 hr period of LO, i.e., after Na depletion was achieved by furosemide. SS and SR did not differ in any of these data. 20-HETE did not correlate with race, age, or GFR. During HI, it showed a negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.44, p


Progress with conservation of New Zealand's temperate indigenous grasslands, and particularly the rangelands of the South Island rain-shadow region, is described from the first modest reserve in the late 1960s. Early debates centred on serious degradation of many rangeland areas under the pastoral farming practices of periodic burning and associated sheep grazing, but later involved the need for baseline research areas and the protection of indigenous biodiversity and ecosystems. A Governmentinitiated tenure review process since the mid-1990s is described, whereby farmers volunteer to relinquish the more vulnerable, usually higher elevation and biodiverse, areas of their lease-hold properties in return for free-hold arrangements for the more productive areas. Reviews are ongoing. To date, 82 completed reviews of the 303 properties has resulted in 49 per cent of their 441,188 hectares being formally protected, and an additional 125,792 hectares from five properties purchased by the Government, being designated as conservation land. The current conservation status of the country's four major indigenous grassland types, totaling 15.4 per cent protected, is described in relation to the grassland types and their altitudinal distribution in relation to their baseline areas at the time of European settlement in the early 1840s.


Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) fossil fl oras from the United States are well studied as adpression, permineralization, and palynomorph assemblages throughout the stratigraphic column. These data represent an intrabiomic record that can serve as a proxy for climate change in the Carboniferous tropics. The short-term climatic changes that accompanied the alternations between glacial and interglacial intervals did not alter the persistence of the ecological structure of the landscape. Even after fl oras had been extirpated over large parts of the North American continent in response to marine transgressions, the same plants and plant communities repeatedly returned when the sea receded. However, at the Westphalian-Stephanian boundary (approximately Desmoinesian-Missourian; Moscovian-Kasimovian boundary), major vegetational changes occurred that suggest a signifi cant environmental threshold had been exceeded. Entire clades (most tree lycopsids and medullosans with very large seeds) became extinct, and tree ferns became dominant, changing the aspect of the ecological landscape. This change refl ects the overall warming of Earth's climate, greater seasonality, and shorter periods of wet conditions in the tropics of the late Pennsylvanian.


Through long period of experimental study of the Helico-Axial Multiphase Pump,the influence of operating parameters,such as pump rotation speed,volume of the fluid and gas content is investigated.In further the overall construction design and the boosting unit carries on optimized in the foundation,the multiphase rotor dynamic pump is installed on oil field.Long period of operation experimental of the pump on oil field locale,will carry on the earlier period preparation for the later industry promotion.


I. INTRODUCTION 676 II. THE BATTLE OF NORMS: THE EVOLUTION OF THE SHAREHOLDER PRIMACY AND STAKEHOLDER THEORIES 679 A. Stakeholder Theory Reconsidered 679 B. The Persistence of Shareholder Primacy Rhetoric 681 1. The Case for Shareholder Primacy's Dominance 682 2. The Rebuttal 683 3. The Reaffirmation 687 C. Concluding Assessments 690 III. THE EVIDENCE ON STAKEHOLDER RHETORIC 690 A. Corporate Documents and Websites 691 B. Codes of Conduct 694 C. Corporate Infrastructure 694 D. Business Schools and MBA Students 695 E. Corporate Organizations and Scholars 696 F. Reflections on Stakeholder Rhetoric 696 IV. THE IMPACT OF STAKEHOLDER RHETORIC ON CORPORATE NORMS 698 A. Towards a Definition of Corporate Rhetoric 699 B. The Meaning of the Message 702 C. The Relevance of Audience 705 1. Pinpointing the Audience and Purpose of Rhetoric 706 a. Judiciary and Federal Regulators 706 b. Customers 707 c. Employees-Current and Future 708 2. Rhetoric by Any Other Name 709 3. Rhetoric Aimed at Investors and the Business Community 710 D. Short-Term Life of Rhetoric 710 E. Concluding Thoughts on the Normative Impact of Stakeholder Rhetoric........ 711 V. CONCLUSION 711 APPENDIX A: DATA ON STAKEHOLDER RHETORIC IN FORTUNE 100 COMPANIES ........ 713 Table 1 713 Table 2 716 I. INTRODUCTION A long-running debate exists in corporate law between those who believe the corporation's sole or primary purpose is to maximize shareholder profit, the "shareholder primacy" theory, and those who believe a corporation must honor all of its constituents' interests, including the concerns of employees, creditors, customers, and society at large, the "stakeholder" theory.1 This debate has received prominent attention since 1932 when Professors Berle and Dodd debated the merits of these contrasting theoretical approaches in the Harvard Law Review. …


The present invention discloses a method for preparing a thin film solar cell flip, depositing a sacrificial layer on the first semiconductor substrate, an epitaxial layer of a solar cell grown on the sacrificial layer; and a second substrate surface and the surface of the epitaxial layer were prepared bonding / adhesive layer structure, bonded together by a bonding method / adhesive means; finally the sacrificial layer is selectively removed, the peeled first substrate, a flip-type structure is formed on the second solar cell substrate while peeling off the first semiconductor substrate can be reused. The method of the present invention can lower production costs, improved heat dissipation performance battery status, photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.


A water droplet impacting on a supercooled surface normally experiencing spreading and freezing is a complex process involving fluid flow, heat transfer, and phase change. We established two models to, respectively, predict the spreading dynamics of a water droplet impact on a supercooled surface and classify the icing patterns to predict the corresponding surface supercooling degree. Six important factors are used to characterize droplet spreading, including Reynolds number, Weber number, Ohnesorge number, surface supercooling degree, the maximum spreading factor, and the dimensionless maximum spreading time. A Back Propagation Neural Network model, including four inputs and two outputs, is established, containing a hidden layer with 15 neurons to perform the non-linear regression training on the spreading factors of 778 groups of an impact water droplet. The trained model is adopted to predict the spreading factors of 86 groups of a water droplet impact on the supercooled surface. The second model is developed to discern and classify the experimentally captured three different icing patterns. Different clustering methods are performed on 116 icing images, including gray-scale and red-green-blue (RGB) clustering. Then, two convolution neural network models of VGG-19 (Visual Geometry Group-19) and VGG-16 are established to classify, train, and test the icing images by gray-scale and RGB clustering methods. The K = 2 gray-scale clustering and the VGG-19 model exhibits the highest accuracy at 90.57%. The two models developed in this study can, respectively, predict the essential factors characterizing spreading dynamics of an impact droplet on a cold surface and predict surface supercooling degree based on an icing pattern.


: Cassia Angustifolia (Senna) fruit extract as a corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl was investigated by using weight-loss (WL) method and electrochemical techniques. The effect of temperature on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel (MS) in the temperature range of 298-318 K was studied. Temperature studies indicated a decrease in inhibition efficiency (IE) with rise in temperature. The adsorption of Senna extract was found obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization data revealed that this extract acts as mixed kind inhibitor. Surface analysis confirmed the formation of protective layer on MS surface. Results from various studies showed that Senna extract is an effective corrosion inhibitor for MS in 1 M HCl. plant and 10-20 were extracted and used as corrosion inhibitors. The from these confirm that biomass extracts possess remarkable abilities to inhibit the corrosion reaction. Cassia Angustifolia (Senna) fruits belongs to the family Leguminosa, for medicinal 21


Empirical studies published in the Journal have used the concept of economic efficiency to compare policy alternatives. Hall and LeVeen present an "'analysis ... developed for the current debate over acreage restrictions in reclamation policy." The authors argue "that large farms generally have lower production costs and that restrictive policies may therefore have some impact on overall economic efficiency" (p. 589). Mann and Paulsen assess the "'impact of restricting feed additives in livestock and poultry production." They conclude that "health risk reductions may be obtainable at a smaller loss in economic efficiency than previously suggested" (p. 47). The reader will recall colleagues' claims that particular regulations or policy proposals would result in a loss in economic efficiency.


This paper looks at the effect an undulated age structure has on society and the economy and whether the youth population of a different cohort size experiences a different social and economic life. The paper 1st reviews the literature on the effect of the aging of the population on the youth population and the effect of different cohort sizes on the youth population. Some argue that there is a possibility for intergenerational conflict with respect to the distribution of economic resources because the support for the elderly has been gradually transferred from family to society. Preston asserts that for the US the social and economic situation for the elderly has improved due to increased public expenditure relative to that of children which has deteriorated. He ascribes these changes to the political power of the elderly which could be derived from their sheer growing size. This paper applies Prestons scheme to the Japanese case but the results are not affirmative. In Japan resources may not have shifted from children to the elderly. Family support for the elderly is stronger in Japan than in the US. It may be that Japanese society has not yet developed mature social welfare and social security systems since its economic development is recent and social development usually lags behind industrialization. In Japan relative cohort size has been independent of the economic situation of birth cohorts since the war. The cohort size effect on the relative wages of the youth population is exceeded by the effects of other economic factors. The baby boom cohort is clearly disadvantaged with respect to educational attainment relative to other cohorts. Although their age at marriage is higher and the pace of their promotions is slower than for previous cohorts the former could be better explained by the marriage squeeze and the latter by the aging of the population.


Introduction: Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa; also spelled "hydroxylapatite") is the main mineral component of bone, calcified cartilage, and teeth. It has been used since the 1970s in many specialties, including orthopedics, urology, otolaryngology, maxillofacial surgery, and radiology, as a bioactive implant that promotes chemical attachment of the soft tissue to its surface. In 2001, Radiance FN (now Radiesse) was introduced as a CaHa-based product and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a radiographic tissue marker, for soft tissue vocal fold augmentation, and for implants in maxillofacial defects. Currently, it is also used outside the United States and off-label in the United States for facial soft tissue augmentation. Microspheres of CaHa are suspended in a mixture of water, glycerin, and carboxymethylcellulose gel that provides a scaffold for tissue infiltration. Once injected, the gel is degraded and the CaHa infiltrates the surrounding cells. CaHa is nonirritating, and the carrier gel components are classified as safe by the FDA. Although a great variety of fillers are currently on the market, CaHa (Radiesse) has demonstrated the longest duration in tissue without any reports of antigenicity, migration, or granuloma formation. In this study, we report our experience with CaHa (Radiesse) for aesthetic soft tissue augmentation. Materials and Methods: A total of 139 patients were treated over an 18-month period at 2 private offices in Argentina and the United States. Exclusion criteria included previous use of permanent tissue fillers in the treatment area. Patients with previous use of hyaluronic acid fillers in the treatment area (up to 1 year prior to the study) were allowed to participate in the study. Radiesse was injected from 1-mL prefilled syringes with 27½-gauge needles in different areas such as nasolabial folds, lips, marionettes lines, cheeks, and cellulite dimples. Patient satisfaction and adverse effects were assessed by both physicians and patients during the procedure and during follow-up visits up to 1 year later. Results: Minimal pain, erythema, edema, and bruising were noted during and immediately after the procedure. All of the patients treated were satisfied with their results after one visit. There were no long-term adverse effects during the study period or on follow-up visits. Evaluation of 75% of the patients 1 year after treatment revealed persistence of filling effects. Discussion: CaHa used for aesthetic soft tissue augmentation yields immediate clinical results with high patient satisfaction.


The current study has investigated the electrophysiological responses evoked by histamine in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells using perforated‐patch techniques. Histamine caused a transient hyperpolarization followed by a sustained depolarization of 7.2 ± 1.4 mV associated with an increase in spontaneous action potential frequency. The hyperpolarization was abolished after depleting intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin (100 nm), and was reduced by 40 % with apamin (100 nm). Membrane resistance increased by about 60 % during the histamine‐induced depolarization suggesting inhibition of a K+ channel. An inward current relaxation, typical of an M‐current, was observed in response to negative voltage steps from a holding potential of −30 mV. This current reversed at −81.6 ± 1.8 mV and was abolished by the M‐channel inhibitor linopirdine (100 μm). During application of histamine, the amplitude of M‐currents recorded at a time corresponding with the sustained depolarization was reduced by 40 %. No inward current rectification was observed in the range −150 to −70 mV, and glibenclamide (10 μm) had no effect on either resting membrane potential or the response to histamine. The results show that an M‐current is present in bovine chromaffin cells and that this current is inhibited during sustained application of histamine, resulting in membrane depolarization and increased discharge of action potentials. These results demonstrate for the first time a possible mechanism coupling histamine receptors to activation of voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels in these cells.


Definite descriptions with reference failure have been argued to give rise to different truth-value intuitions depending on the local linguistic context in which they appear. We conducted an experiment to investigate these alleged differences, thereby contributing new data to the debate. We have found that pragmatic strategies dependent on verification and topicalisation, suggested in the context of trivalent/partial theories, indeed play a role in people's subjective judgments. We discuss the consequences of these findings for all major approaches to definite descriptions (i.e. Russellian, Strawsonian, pragmatic). Finally, we offer a discussion of the relative contribution of verificational and topicality effects on truth values, reaching the conclusion that verification is primarily relevant and topicality is dependent on that. We thus support von Fintel's (2004) position on the primacy of verification, but not his dismissal of topicality as a factor


This paper analyses the influence of machining strategies and cutting parameters on the milling of aluminium complex geometry parts. In the first experimental phase, parts were machined with a combination of two roughing strategies and three finishing strategies, with recommended machining parameters. The machining time, machining surface roughness, and the surface geometric accuracy were measured. In the second phase, a new sample was machined with corrected cutting parameters using the best strategy adopted from the first phase. The results have shown that the selection of machining strategy and cutting parameters significantly affects the productivity, quality, and accuracy when machining complex geometry parts.


The placental memebranes and uterus of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, were studied using histological, histochemical, electron microscopic, dye transfer, and radioisotopic techniques. The conceptuses are completely enclosed throughout gestation by a transparent shell membrane which is produced by glandular epithelia in the uterine segment of the oviduct.


A methodology for intelligent evaluating the parameters of impacts of hypervelocity anthropogenic particles on the elements of Space Apparatus is proposed combining data on complex physical processes obtained using two types of complementary methods of estimation-experimental and computer modeling. The structure has been developed and functions of an integrated intelligent information system that assess and predict the results of the impact of hypervelocity anthropogenic particles on the elements of the spacecraft have been described. The proposed intelligent assessment of the impact of hypervelocity anthropogenic particles on the spacecraft can be used for developing theoretical and applied foundations for creating an intelligent control system for the protection of spacecrafts from particle impacts, as well as for optimizing the composition and design of elements of perspective spacecraft.


The model of strategy selection which is based on complex assessment of the financial security level in terms of internal and external factors of commercial bank is realized in this paper. This model is based on building of strategic priorities vector via finding the polygon's center of gravity which is constructed in an appropriate coordinate system on the basis of the calculated estimates for each of the studied components. The vector of strategic priorities determines strategy, which commercial bank must choose at the current development level and appropriate influence degree of all selected factors. Therefore, the vector determines the direction of investment to enhance the commercial bank financial security. The simulation model that makes possible to realize basic scenarios of development for innovative changes strategy is built. It is proved that the implementation of this strategy will reduce the negative impact of internal and external factors on the bank financial security and ensure effective and competitive activity of the bank.


Background: The current study was carried out to study the effect of severe acute organophosphate compounds (OP) toxicity on the pancreatic profile in adults. Subjects and Methods: Six ml of venous blood were drawn from 260 patients (18-52 years) with severe acute  OP toxicity who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Minia Poisoning Control Centre (PCC) during the period from May the 1st, 2012 to April, the 30th, 2014, and also from 20 healthy adults of the same age group acting as control. Blood samples were analyzed for: Pseudocholinestrase (PChE), serum insulin, serum α-amylase and serum lipase. Results: PChE level in intoxicated patients on the day of admission was highly significant decreased when compared with control. There was highly significant increase in the serum levels of amylase and lipase in intoxicated patients as compared to normal control group. In addition, there was highly significant increase in blood glucose level in intoxicated patients as compared with control group while there was no significant effect on the serum insulin level. A significant correlation was found between the degree of PChE inhibition and the elevation of serum amylase, lipase and serum glucose level. Conclusion: acute pancreatitis was evident in severe cases of OP intoxication on the day of admission, also OP -induced hyperglycemia is evident and most probably due to other cause rather than hypoinsulinemia.


Background and Objective: Plant based medicines are the integral part of alternative medicines including traditional Indian and Chinese medicines. Especially the Siddha and Ayurveda medicines of Indian origin have documented about the use of various herbs in treating various ailments of both human and animals. Materials and Methods: Although these medicinal prescriptions have been adopted by traditional healers and practitioners of today, these medicines and formulations are viewed under scientific validation for their recognition and acceptance. Many pharmacological researches are now underway for the justification and use of these herbal formulations. The phytochemical investigations have been undertaken to enumerate the components of these herbs used in Siddha system of medicine. Results: The present study focuses in identifying the underlying components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which could contribute the healing effects of four herbal parts namely, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) and Curcuma longa, the bark of Terminalia arjuna and the seed of Piper longum in treating the stomach disorders of vet animals. Conclusion: The medicinal uses cited in the literatures are correlated with the components identified by GC-MS as evidence to the herbo-cure of stomach disorders in vet animals.


This thesis applies network theory to firms, their
employees, and various aspects of the employees to understand
diversity within an industry at both the firm-level and
employee-level. We hypothesize that the interest diversity of a
firms' employee can influence that firm's economic performance and
growth. Using the LinkedIn API, we are able to collect ~600
employees (past and present) for 43 companies using a keyword
search. This data is used to create a visualization of people's
interests, an "Interest Space", which is a network graph of how
interests are categorized and linked to each other. By analyzing
the data from firms associated with the Media Lab, we begin to
understand how individual interests affect success among a small
network of companies. We research this through case studies of a
few companies by analyzing their financial data and interests of
their employees.


Next-generation multi-spot beam satellite systems open a new way to design low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems with full flexibility in managing bandwidth, transmit power, and spot beam coverage, enabling the adoption of spatial multiplexing techniques to meet the unprecedented demand for future mobile traffic. However, conventional spatial multiplexing techniques perform poorly in satellite systems due to high correlation between the satellite channels, resulting in inefficient mitigation of inter-user interference. In this paper, we exploit the flexibility of multi-spot beam LEO satellites and consider the geographic distribution of users to improve the performance of LEO satellite-assisted edge caching systems. Our goal is to jointly optimize the beam coverage, bandwidth and transmit power and minimize the cache delivery time. In particular, the spot beam coverage is optimized by using the K-means algorithm applied to the realistic user demands, followed by a proposed successive convex approximation (SCA)-based iterative algorithm for optimizing the radio resources. Simulations shows that our optimal approach outperforms the conventional precoding-based approach and also shows a significant improvement in the minimization of the maximum content delivery time.


Commercially available hydride vapor phase epitaxy gallium nitride (GaN) is characterized with the aim to correlate the oxygen and hydrogen secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles of a GaN wafer with the electrical properties of the sample. A GaN layer model, including doping profile and mobility, is derived, utilizing electrical (capacitance–voltage, Hall), structural (high resolution X‐ray diffraction) and optical (polarized infrared spectroscopy) methods. Oxygen and hydrogen are easily incorporated during hydride vapor phase epitaxy growth of GaN. Oxygen is an n‐type dopant in GaN, whereas hydrogen may passivate some of the donors. Electrical and optical properties correlate with a low defect concentration top GaN layer and a high defect concentration GaN interlayer.


A preliminary aging assessment of the fans used in nuclear air treatment and cooling systems was performed by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory as part of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Nuclear Plant Aging Research Program. Details from guides and standards for the design, testing, and installation of fans; results of failure surveys; and information concerning stressors, related aging mechanisms, and inspection, surveillance, and monitoring methods (ISMM) were compiled. Failure surveys suggest that about half of the failures reported for fans are primarily associated with aging. Aging mechanisms associated with the various fan components and resulting from mechanical, thermal, and environmental stressors include wear, fatigue, corrosion, and erosion of metals and the deterioration of belts and lubricants. A bearing is the component most frequently linked to fan failure. The assessment also suggests that ISMM that will detect irregularities arising from improper lubrication, cooling, alignment, and balance of the various components should aid in counteracting many of the aging effects that could impair fan performance. An expanded program, to define and evaluate the adequacy of current ISMM and maintenance practices and to include a documented Phase I aging assessment, is recommended.


The authors discuss the possibilities provided by the ideomotor training in football for the purposes of successfully performing penalty kicks. The mechanism of ideomotor reactions has been analyzed and described based on the theories of leading scientists. Various examples of the world football practice have been presented as well as a model of free kick


Psychology is one of the main disciplines that have been implied in the development of cognitive ergonomics. For a long time, at least from the 1960s, some researchers in psychology have contributed to research in cognitive ergonomics with the aim of elaborating basic psychological knowledge, (a) with high ecological validity, and (b) with clear relevance to application. This paper stresses the value of this perspective for psychology as well as cognitive ergonomics, and evaluates the results of such an enterprise. Ecological validity is considered as a particular aspect of external validity that enables researchers to transfer findings from experimental situations ('artificial' ones or designed for research purpose) to real work situations ('natural' (obviously, in this context 'natural' includes 'cultural') ones or imposed by comprehension needs). This aspect is discussed as regards classical distinctions like basic/applied research and research/practice. Attention is particularly devoted to the necessary (ecological) context needed by expert operators to implement their work expertise, which is the target of the comprehension aim of cognitive ergonomics. Conclusions are drawn in terms of methods to design and evaluate ecological validity, not only to understand cognitive mechanisms, but also to improve cognitive work conditions and the overall performance of human-machine systems.


Objective: To assess effect of cholecalciferol on rate of morning blood pressure (BP) rise in women with arterial hypertension (AH) in premenopausal and early postmenopausal periods. Design and method: We investigated 102 women with AH stage II risk 3 aged 50 (48; 53) years: 50 females in premenopausal period – group I and 52 females in early postmenopausal period – group II. Serum level of 25(OH)D was determined by the immunoenzymatic assay. In groups I and II we identified subgroups with the level of 25(OH)D< 30ng/ml: subgroup IB (n = 25) and subgroup IIB (n = 21) respectively, in which antihypertensive therapy was supplemented with cholecalciferol 2,000 IU/day for 3 months. In subgroups IA (n = 25) and IIA (n = 31) cholecalciferol was not administered. The rate of morning BP rise was calculated by the ratio of the BP rise value to its time using daily monitoring of BP. Results: At baseline the level of 25(OH)D was lower (p < 0,05) in subgroups IB (19,3 ± 8,5ng/ml) and IIB (18,2 ± 9,5ng/ml) than in the comparable subgroups IA (26,7 ± 11,5ng/ml) and IIA (27,4 ± 10,5ng/ml). After supplementation the level of 25(OH)D increased (p < 0,001) in subgroup IB (37,28 ± 11,97ng/ml) and in subgroup IIB (36,4 ± 10,0ng/ml), and became higher (p < 0,001) than in the comparable subgroups I and IIA. At baseline, subgroups IA and IB did not differ (p > 0,05) by rate of morning SBP/DBP rise. In subgroup IIB rate of morning DBP rise was higher (p = 0,04) than in subgroup IIA. After therapy in subgroup IB there was a decrease rate of morning SBP/DBP rise (p < 0,05); in subgroup IA, rate of morning SBP/DBP rise did not change (p > 0,05). In subgroup IIA, there was no decrease (p = 0.62) rate of morning DBP rise, while in subgroup IIB, rate of morning DBP rise in the decreased (p < 0,05) compared to the baseline and in comparison with rate of morning DBP rise in subgroup IIA after therapy (p = 0,04). The contribution of cholecalciferol to the dynamics of rate of morning DBP rise was established: F = 4,33, p = 0,04. Conclusions: Correction of 25(OH)D level by intake of cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day for 3 months leads to reduction of rate of morning BP rise in women with AH.


The paper proposes an alternative approach to emotion recognition from stimulated EEG signals using Duffing oscillator. Reported works on emotion clustering generally employ the principles of supervised learning. Unfortunately, because of noisy and limited feature set, the classification problem often suffers from high inaccuracy. This has been overcome in this paper by submitting the EEG signals directly to a Duffing oscillator and the phase portraits constructed from its time-response demonstrate structural similarity to similar emotion excitatory stimuli. The accuracy in clustering was experimentally validated even with injection of Gaussian noise over the EEG signal up to a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB. The results of clustering in presence of low signal-to-noise ratio confirm the robustness of the proposed scheme.


A new instrumentation for spectrographic analysis of speech was described to the Society on 24 May of last year. The capabilities of this real‐time system have since been increased. New functions are described and illustrated from films made on the analyzer. This instrumentation was designed both for economical mass recording of spectral patterns and for practical experimentation in the automatic processing of speech features. A new method of pitch extraction is presented as an illustration of processing experiments.