Joining of beryllium (Be) plates by gas tungsten-arc braze welding and fusion welding with a-c current was investigated with the objectives of: evaluating the techniques for applications at temperatures up to 1300 deg F; and elucidating some of the factors affecting weld quality. Oxidation during welding was effectively controlled by means of an argon atmosphere inside a vacuum-tight dry box. Braze welds were made using filler strips of an aluminum-12 silicon (Al- - 12Si) alloy and of unalloyed silver (Ag), arc melted in place. Using either filler metal, room temperature tensile strengihs in the direction transverse to the weld were found to be in the range 20 000 to 25 000 psi under optimum conditions. Although Al-- 12Si braze welds do not appear to be useful for elevated temperature applications, transverse tensile strengths of Ag braze welds amounting to about 11 000 psi at 1300 deg F, which is more than 80% of the base metal strength at this temperature, indicate a potential usefulness for such applications. The tendency toward tearing and cracking during fusion welding was found to be reduced by increasing preheat temperature and by decreasing speed and current, as long as comparisons are made between fusion zonesmore » of similar size and geometry. The tendency toward tearing and cracking a1so decreased with decreasing fusion zone size, as measured by penetration. However, with current maintained constant at 150 amp, the effect of increasing speed counteracted the associated decreasing penetration, so that no change in tearing occurred. Additions of aluminum (Al) to the fusion zones in amounts of about 1% or less were found to promote tearing. Variations in the susceptibility to tearing encountered in the various lots of Be tested were attributed to variations in the Al content. (auth)« less


We report the development of a multiplex, single tube (TaqMan) PCR assay for the identification of three commercially important gadoid species, the cod (Gadus morhua L.), the haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) and the whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.). The assay unambiguously identifies known adult tissue samples, and ethanol-preserved eggs from all three species with greater than 98% accuracy, providing a powerful tool for the development of catch independent stock assessment methods, mapping of spawning sites and the detection of commercial fraud in the fishing and food production industries.


This study assessed the potency of methanolic extracts from several neem tree components against mosquito larvae, a common disease vector in the study area. Fresh leaves, seeds, roots, and bark of A. indica plants were obtained in their natural settings and then macerated in a methanol solvent to provide the crude extract used in this study. Ten larvae (2nd and 3rd instars) that were actively swimming were put into 25-mL beakers with 16 mL of each larvicide extract solution made from different plant sections. As a control, an untreated group of larvae in (tap) water was used. At the highest concentration tested, neem seed extracts had the highest larvicidal activity, with a mortality rate of about 80%. Neem Bark extracts caused mortality of around 65%, whilst Neem Leaf and Neem Root extracts had less potency and caused mortality of about 50% and 40%, respectively. These results highlight neem extracts' potential as environmentally friendly mosquito larval control agents, especially neem seed and bark. To maximise the use of these extracts in integrated mosquito management techniques while taking ecological impact and safety issues into consideration, more research and practical evaluations are required.


Human centered is the soul of the ideological and political work creation in higher education, the human centered principle is reflected to the greatest extently in work, and it can excite the initiative of the masses of teachers, students and workers, achieve the purpose to give play to its subject dynamic role.


Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of bacteria isolated from 176 cases in ICU, and to discuss the new treatment for the patients in ICU. Methods The distributing of infection, kinds of bacteria, drug resistance, and the incidences of fungus infection and nosocomial infection were observed Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella were the main bacteria in our ICU. The drug resistant bacteria, the incidences of fungal infection and nosocomial infection are increasing. There are more ESBL positive bacteria in ICU than in general ward. Conclusions In order to avoid the increase of drug resistant bacteria, the antibiotic should be used reasonablely. Anti-fungus drugs should be used early by experience. In order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection, administration of ICU should also be strengthened.


Large numbers of qualified students do not apply to and enroll in college. Yet, earning a college degree is one of the primary pathways for economic success and is increasingly required for good jobs and high wages.1 A number of programs and practices aim to improve college readiness and enrollment, including Take Stock in Children's® (TSIC's®) Facilitating Long-term Improvements in Graduation and Higher Education for Tomorrow (FLIGHT) program. FLIGHT provides mentoring, scholarships, and additional support services to help disadvantaged middle and high school students stay on track for graduation, apply to college, and enroll in college. FLIGHT students also have access to college transition and retention services in their first three semesters of college. This What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) report, part of the WWC's Transition to College topic area, explores the effects of the FLIGHT program on student success. The WWC identified six studies of FLIGHT, and one study met WWC standards.2


The spin-density wave (SDW) and charge-density wave (CDW) order in superconducting ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.45}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ were studied under an applied magnetic field, using neutron and x-ray diffraction techniques. In zero field, incommensurate (IC) SDW order appears below $\ensuremath{\sim}40\mathrm{K},$ which is characterized by neutron diffraction peaks at $(1/2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.134,1/2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.134,0).$ The intensity of these IC peaks increases rapidly below ${T}_{\mathrm{Nd}}\ensuremath{\sim}8\mathrm{K}$ due to an ordering of the ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ spins. The application of a 1 T magnetic field parallel to the c axis markedly diminishes the intensity below ${T}_{\mathrm{Nd}},$ while only a slight decrease in intensity is observed at higher temperatures for fields up to 7 T. Our interpretation is that the c-axis field suppresses the parasitic ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ spin order at the incommensurate wave vector without disturbing the stripe order of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins. Consistent with this picture, the CDW order, which appears below 60 K, shows no change for magnetic fields up to 4 T. These results stand in contrast to the significant field-induced enhancement of the SDW order observed in superconducting ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ with $x\ensuremath{\sim}0.12$ and stage-4 ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+y}.$ The differences can be understood in terms of the relative volume fraction exhibiting stripe order in zero field, and the collective results are consistent with the idea that suppression of superconductivity by vortices nucleates local patches of stripe order.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the shrinkage stress generated during polymerization of a composite resin related to the adhesion area. Cylinders of glass with 2 mm in diameter (G1) or 4 mm (G2) were positioned on the upper and lower portions of the testing machine. The distance from the cylinders was 2 mm in G1 and 1 mm in G2. In each group, the resin (Fill-Magic - Vigodent) was inserted and photopolymerized between the cylinders and the stress was measured for 15minutes (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Student t test (p < 0,05). The largest area of adhesion generated lower shrinkage stress to the tested material.


Second order polynomial approach has been used as filtering technique to smooth out the artificial steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) signal. Bhattacharyya distance (BD) is used as performance metric for evaluating the five different values of fundamental frequency, f, which are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 Hz with constant length of sliding window, L. The results indicate that a small value of f compared to L will reduce the peak value of the fundamental frequency, f.


The invention relates to a low-cycle fatigue life span management system for key components of a single steam turbine. The invention is characterized in that the management system comprises a low-cycle fatigue residual life span calculating/applying server and software, a data base server, an external system interface, a steam turbine data collecting system DAS and parameter measuring points, a web server and an user browser. The management method comprises inputting online monitoring data, inputting basic data about start and load change, calculating on line the low-cycle fatigue life span loss di of each component of the steam turbine, offering the advice for optimizing the operation for the single steam turbine, calculating the residual low-cycle fatigue life span of the key componentsof the single steam turbine according to order and recommending optimizing maintenance measures for the single steam turbine. The invention has the advantages of realizing the online management for the low-cycle fatigue life span about the key components of the single steam turbine and achieving the technical effect of utilizing one set of low-cycle fatigue life span management system to manage the low-cycle fatigue life span of the key components of the single steam turbine.


These photographs of the graceful Hawaiian Stilt, Himantopus himantopus knudseni, constitute a pictorial record of one of the world's vanishing birds. In 1944, Mr. George Munro of Honolulu (Birds of Hawaii, Tongg Publ. Co., Honolulu) estimated only 200 stilts were left in the Hawaiian Islands. We believe, that in spite of its dwindling habitat, the closed hunting season on the Islands during the recent war and its continuation for stilts permitted the population to increase to approximately 1,000 birds by 1946-1947 (Schwartz and Schwartz, The Game Birds in Hawaii, Bd. Agric. and For., Honolulu, 1949). The Hawaiian Stilt maintains its largest numbers on the island of Oahu where its best habitat exists. Smaller flocks occur on Niihau, Kauai, and Maui islands, and possibly some may use the island of Molokai. Our limited observations did not ascertain the permanency of the stilt population on each island, but reports by local inhabitants indicate possible movements between islands. We have observed considerable daily shifting of the flocks between different locales on each island. Stilts frequent the coastal mud flats and the fresh and brackish marshy areas and shallows of reservoirs, lakes, and ponds. The vegetative types most commonly associated with this habitat are great bulrush, Scirpus validus, american saltwort, Batis maritinia, and various grasses. In spite of the upward trend of the stilt population, the future of this species is not bright since the habitat it prefers is rapidly disappearing due to the reclamation of such areas for civic and military purposes. Illegal kill still constitutes a limiting factor. Two adult Hawaiian Stilts were confiscated on April 6, 1947, from a hunter. They measured as follows:


Surface-ship and submarine pendulum gravity measurements have been compiled in a new free air gravity anomaly map of the central Pacific Ocean in the region of Hawaii. The main features of the map are large amplitude positive anomalies (up to +700 mGal) over the Hawaiian ridge, large amplitude negative anomalies (up to −136 mGal) flanking the ridge, and a broad belt (>250 km) of positive anomalies (+25 to +50 mGal) bordering the negative anomalies. The map has been used to construct 1°×1°, 5°×5°, and 10°×10° free air anomaly averages. The main feature of the 5°×5° average map is a long-wavelength (∼2200 km) positive anomaly (up to +15 mGal) over the southeastern end of the Hawaiian ridge. A long-wavelength positive anomaly is also seen on the 10°×10° average map, which agrees well with the Gem 6 satellite-derived solution to harmonic degree 16. Computations suggest that crustal structure of the Hawaiian ridge is unlikely to contribute significantly to these long-wavelength positive anomalies. The positive anomalies correlate closely with the Hawaiian swell upon which the Hawaiian ridge is superimposed. The regression lines representing 1°×1° and 5°×5° averages of gravity against topography slope at 21 mGal/km and 22 mGal/km, respectively. These slopes are smaller than those over other regions where the lithosphere is warped for large distances, suggesting that if the swell is warped, it must be compensated. The form which the compensation takes is uncertain, but it may be related to some pattern of flow beneath the lithosphere which maintains both the swell and the associated long-wavelength gravity anomalies.


We present the results of the study of endometrial biopsy with IHC in patients with chronic endometritis as violations of receptivity of endometrium during the «implantation window", we marked the decreased expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor over-expression in epithelium in the stroma, which is due to the manifestation of compensatory reactions of endometrial tissue. At autoimmune chronic endometritis, a decrease of expression of estrogen and progesterone in the endometrium was as a manifestation of the decompensatory reactions. A damaged endometrial mucosa becomes thinner and do not respond to hormonal stimuli, manifesting itself perverted hormonal reception at the level of target-organs in the form of thin endometrium, polyposis and hyperplasia.


Last year we marked the 140th aniversary of University Chemistry Education in Croatia. In this paper we will investigate the circumstances and the development of teaching chemistry at university level. In the second half of the 19th century natural sciences in Croatia were developing more intensively than ever before. Chemistry in Croatia was introduced with inclusion of chemistry in the secondary schools curriculum in the middle of the 19th century, but not at higher level. The favourable circumstances in which chemistry in Croatia evolved was the renewal of the University of Zagreb (1874) and the founding of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb (1866). The newly founded educational institutions in the year 1866 did not have at the beginning of their activity a sufficient number of teaching experts so scientists from other countries were sought to apply for these positions. So far there has been no detailed and overall study of these circumstances on the Croatian territory. Our work will examine the circumstances related to the construction of the first Croatian Chemical Institute (Lucbeni zavod) which was used in experimental chemistry classes and also to conduct scientific research. The programs of teaching chemistry at that time at the universities in Europe were under a strong influence of J. Liebig. His teachings gave a special attention to the chemistry exercises during which the students participated in conducting chemical experiments. It will be shown how from its beginning chemistry education was connected with laboratory work and inquiry-based chemistry education was always stressed as a cornerstone of chemical education. The paper will focus on investigating the first university textbooks and manuals in chemistry written in Croatian language and display the reception and transmission of the knowledge in the field of chemistry which the newly appointed professors passed on to students with a special interest to the periodic table of elements. Presented results of our investigations will give a contribution to understanding the development of European chemistry at the beginning of the nineteenth century since each university has its own specific history.


A simple model is proposed to calculate the dimerization constant of a dye in non-aqueous solvents. Alkan-1ols of the formula H–(CH2)n–OH are used to study the spectroscopic behavior of Nile Red dye. The number n varied from 1 to 8 to modulate the medium hydrophobicity. Generally, Nile red is used to localize lipid droplets within cells. This molecule is non-fluorescent in water and other polar solvents but undergoes fluorescence enhancement and large absorption and emission blue shifts in non-polar environments. The calculated equilibrium constants suggest that the aggregation process is solvent-assisted. The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra reveal a marked red shift, which is studied by breaking the wavelength of the maximum band into two terms, showing the contribution of the solvent and the effect of the dye concentration. Both contributions were investigated as a function of the number n, and it was found that alkan-1ols with large n tend to aggregate and produce a smaller red shift. Conversely, it was also noticed that short-chain alkan-1ols stabilize the excited state of the dye via H-bond and the red shift increases. The hydrophilicity of the medium was found to be modulated by adding pure water, in a controlled way, to the binary systems dye–H–(CH2)n–OH (n = 1–8). The quantification of solvent hydrophilicity is described with the ratio R = water moles/alcohol moles. From this investigation, we realized that the absorption spectra values are strictly connected with the R parameter. In this context, we realized that fluorescence emission spectra allow us to determine the adjustable parameters.


Emended diagnosis of the genus Selliporella and its type-species, S. donzellii SARTONI & CRESCENTI is proposed, based on the definitely proven existence of non-ramified branches in the older (basal) part of thallus and their ramifying in its higher (younger) parts. Based on the differences in the morphological characteristics of branches in the upper thallus parts, the type-species has been split into two varieties: S. donzellii var. donzellii SARTONI & CRESCENTI and S. donzellii var. galaeformis n. comb. Selliporella cornutuformis n. sp. is proposed, characterized by distinctly articulated (segmented) and spiky thallus, with each primary branch bearing a bundle of several trichophorous secondaries. Generic attribution of species originally described as Diplopora johnsoni PRATURLON and Triploporella neocomiensis RADOICIC has been reviewed, resulting in their being unified as the same species, which, according to its newly observed morphological characters, has been ascribed to the genus Pseudoclypeina. Because Diplopora johnsoni has been validly described, Triploporella neocomiensis becomes, taxonomically, the younger synonym of Pseudoclypeina johnsoni (PRATURLON) n. comb.


A probe system for measuring a measured variable of a fluid, especially a liquid, contained in a process container comprising: A probe body, which is connectable to the process container by means of a process connection; axially shiftable in a guiding passageway of the probe body between a measuring position and at least two different treatment positions, an immersion tube, which has a protective cylinder on its front end immersible in the fluid; held in the immersion tube, a measuring probe having a measuring head, wherein the measuring head is arranged within a region of the protective cylinder having openings; a first treatment chamber formed between the guiding passageway and the immersion tube; a second treatment chamber formed between the guiding passageway and the immersion tube and adjoining the first treatment chamber on a side of the first treatment chamber facing away from the process connection; and a seal arranged between the first and second treatment chambers.


On the self-modulation of whistler waves propagating along the external magnetic field G. MANN 21 Nonlinear evolution of double layers and electron vortices in an unstable plasma diode SATORU IIZTJKA AND HIROSHI TANACA 29 Oscillation-centre fluid theory of the ponderomotive force G. W. KBNTWELL AND D. A. JONES 43 Solitary surface waves on a magnetized plasma cylinder O. M. GRADOV, L. STENFLO AND D. SUNDER 53


The original Jiles‐Atherton model for modeling hysteresis in ferroelectric media relates the magnetization, or likewise the magnetic polarization, and the magnetic field strength. Since discrete dimensional electromechanical systems are usually modeled using the flux formulation the Jiles‐Atherton model is not applicable in its original form. In this contribution a reformulation in terms of the magnetic flux density is presented. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Advanced cancer in the setting of liver dysfunction poses a dilemma for physicians, as many cancer chemotherapeutic agents undergo hepatic metabolism. Most cytotoxic drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, and the administration of chemotherapy to patients with liver impairment results in complicated safety issues. We present a concise review of cancer chemotherapy dosing in the setting of liver dysfunction. Although caution in treating all patients with hepatic failure is essential, the use of certain agents provokes greater concern than others. Continuous-infusion fluorouracil, capecitabine (Xeloda), mechlorethamine (Mustargen), cyclophosphamide, topotecan (Hycamtin), and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) appear to be relatively well tolerated. On the contrary, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, irinotecan (Camptosar), and anthracyclines may cause unacceptable toxicity if administered to patients with poor hepatic function. For many anticancer agents, the paucity of data prohibits formal dosing recommendations, and most guidelines remain empiric. MARY F. MULCAHY, MD Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Division of Hematology-Oncology Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois T he administration of chemotherapy to cancer patients with hepatic dysfunction requires careful consideration. There are a variety of ways in which liver impairment affects drug kinetics, including changing the intrinsic hepatic clearance of drugs, reducing hepatic metabolic capacity, and altering the biliary excretion of drugs. In addition, low serum albumin levels lead to increased fractions of free drug, and portal hypertension can affect drug absorption. Unfortunately, most clinical trials exclude patients with impaired hepatic function; much of what is known about individual chemotherapeutic agents in the setting of liver failure is based on small, retrospective studies. Very few agents have undergone formal phase I testing in liver dysfunction cohorts, and empirical guidelines are frequently used in clinical practice. Furthermore, there is no standardized system with which to define liver dysfunction in patients with cantherapy with liver dysfunction. Since 1998, there have been a number of important new findings, particularly regarding irinotecan (Camptosar), fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine (Xeloda), gemcitabine (Gemzar), paclitaxel, and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) in patients with impaired hepatic function. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancies may benefit from these agents; however, the high incidence of he patic metastases, often accompanied by liver function test abnormalities, precludes their use. We have compiled the results of these newest findings and have highlighted pertinent recommendations from past reviews. cer. The serum total bilirubin level is the marker most commonly used to assess the need for chemotherapy dose adjustments, but this represents an oversimplified strategy. To further complicate issues, various sources often differ in dosing recommendations, with no consensus. Thus, there are many potential hazards involving the administration of cancer chemotherapy to patients with impaired hepatic function. Two review articles published in 1992 by Perry[l] and Koren et al[2] and a subsequent article in 1998 by Donelli et al[3] have provided important guidelines for the use of chemoFinancial Disclosure: The authors have no significant financial interest or other relationship with the manufacturers of any products or providers of any service mentioned in this


Sequential analysis of variance was first dealt with by Johnson (1953) for equal numbers in groups and the results were extended to unequal numbers by Jones (1968) and Jones and Hinkelmann (1969). The average sample number (A.S.N.) obtained for an irregular design is usually lower than that for equal subclass numbers and this advantage is enhanced if sampling starts with the "minimum" design. In this article Monte Carlo results are given for two classifications models with fixed effects, namely, one-way classification and twoway classification without interaction. Different methods are adopted to obtain the minimum starting design for unbalanced models and the resulting A.S.N. of these are compared. In all cases the probabilities of errors of the two kinds are taken to be 0.05.


Highlighting the stresses and strain state of trabecular structure in case of proximal epiphysis fracture of the femur (with reference to femoral neck fracture) where, for osteosynthesis, are used cannulated screws, raises multiple technical difficulties . For this reason the present study proposes a synthetic 2D model through which we can identify areas of maximum stress and understanding how the trabecular structure is loaded. The analysis is based on different investigation methods: experimental method using digital image correlation and numerical method using finite element analysis. Mechanical load is specific to unipodal support. For 31-B1.3 fracture type, using Pauwels classification, it was determined that the most dangerous situation is registered when the fracture line is at a 70 o angle to the horizontal line.


Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors have been shown in some endocrine tissues, namely the testis, the adrenal gland, and the pituitary gland. In this work we evaluated whether peripheral benzodiazepine receptors can be found in the purified human pancreatic islets and whether they may have a role in insulin release. Binding of the isoquinoline compound [3H]1‐(2‐chlorophenyl‐N‐methyl‐1‐methyl‐propyl)‐3‐isoquinolinecarboxamide ([3H]PK‐11195), a specific ligand of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, to cellular membranes was saturable, and Scatchard's analysis of the saturation curve demonstrated the presence of a single population of binding sites, with an affinity constant value of 9.20 ± 0.80 nM and a maximum number of binding sites value of 8913 ± 750 fmol/mg of proteins. PK‐11195 and 7‐chloro‐1,3‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐5‐(p‐chlorophenyl)‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐on (Ro 5‐4864) significantly potentiated insulin secretion from freshly isolated human islets at 3.3 mM glucose. These results show the presence of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in purified human pancreatic islets and suggest their role in the mechanisms of insulin release. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:273–277. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The effects of electromagnetic field on development of biological organisms were studied in this work by multispectral optical microscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy. The living embryos of loach Misgurnus fossilis at early stages of development were used as biological objects. The electric field applied to the living organism was generated by a specially designed unit that can operate independently or in combination with the acoustic microscope. It was shown that the sequentially recorded multispectral optical and acoustical images reveal dynamics of the development. The long lasting experiments confirm minor effect of the optical and acoustic radiation on the embryos. The scanning acoustic microscope was used for in vivo visualization of three dimensional structure of the egg, estimation of the acoustical properties of the yolk tissue and visualization of slow substance flows inside the object. The speed of motion depends on the location of the investigated area, status of the organism and its development stage. The estimated valued of the speed is in a range of 0.1 – 1 µm/s. It was shown that the application of the electric field causes deceleration of the embryos development.


The coal reserves under reservoir accounts for 49.5% of the minefield industrial coal reserves in Daping coalmine, it is urgent to solve the problem of safety mining under reservoir. Based on the geographic information system of reservoir region and mining subsidence prediction system developed with the applied technique of ArcGIS Engine and ground movement and deformation prediction model of probability integration method, the digital elevation model of reservoir topography was established with high precision triangulated irregular network, the technique of subsidence basin seamlessly embedded in the digital elevation model of reservoir topography was put forward with the ground movement and deformation prediction result, the dynamically correcting of reservoir region geographic database and reconstructing of the three-dimensional reservoir surface in real time was realized, the movement and distribution law of reservoir water were accurately simulated with three-dimensional analysis of reservoir surface, and scientific decision-making support for the optimization of coordinated coal mining plan under reservoir and safe mining of the coalmine was provided.


Electroless deposition of tin onto copper surface has been studied by means of electrochemistry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and theoretical Hartree-Fock methods. There are two processes in series involved in the hypophosphite-type immersion tin reaction, based on the analysis of the immersion tin potential curves and the structure of the deposits. The first displacement process is significantly affected by the complexing agents of cuprous and the concentration of SnSO 4 , mainly due to the formation of Cu-Sn alloy and a thinner tin layer. The second process is attributed to the stannous ion reduction by hypophosphite at higher temperatures.


One alternative industrial waste that has not been widely used by the public is sago waste . Sago solid waste into compost that has brown to black coor . The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of fresh sago waste , compost and compost dry sago sago black by using SEM ; assess the nutrient content . The results showed that sago waste wet, half-dry and dry sago has a pore size and larger than the black sago waste so they have the potential as a store of water and causing aeration. Measurement of nutrient content of compost sago either fresh , dried and black for the content of N, P and K are relatively high, successive N (1.32 to 1.67 %) , P (0.15 to 0.47 %) and K (1 , 39 to 2.42 %). Based compost structure and water-holding power is relatively high, the composting of waste sago potential for growing media such as plant nurseries


One deficiency of traditional bright spot technique based on horizontal stacking is that stacking destroys real amplitude relation and looses useful AVO informations in CDP gather, decreasing people's ability to indicate lithology and hydrocarbon accumulation by using seismic informations. Modern bright spot technique should be based on AVO analysis and uses zero-offset section instead of stack section. With the wide use of AVO technique, people have noticed its some deficiencies. Thus, some traps of bright spot and AVO techniques are pointed out here. AVO properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs under different geological conditions are analyzed by using forward modeling. It is pointed out that in AVO analysis, we not only pay attention to AVO enhancement but also define a relevant AVO detection in criterion according to local reservoir distribution. The paper also suggests people to notice the potential role of wide-angle AVO phenomenon in lithology analysis.


Abstract : Scattering occurs when an electromagnetic wave impinges on an object and creates currents in that object which reradiate other electromagnetic waves. Three primary methods exist to reduce microwave scattering from an object: covering it with absorber, changing its shape, and detuning it through impedance loading. Absorbers convert unwanted electromagnetic energy into heat. An example is lining an anechoic chamber with absorbers. Changing its shape channels energy from one direction to another, changes dominant scattering centers, or causes returns from one direction to another, changes dominant scattering centers, or causes returns from various parts to coherently add and cancel the total return. Impedance loading alters the resonant frequency of an object. Absorbers have the most attractive features. They have a broad bandwidth, attenuate the return in many directions, and may be used to reduce scattering from an object after the object is designed. Before trying to control scattering from complex shapes, such as an antenna or airplane, one should try to develop methods to control scattering from simple objects. A very simple object is two dimensional strip. It is infinitely thin, has a finite width, and an infinite length. The scattering pattern of the strip depends upon its width and material composition. Varying these two factors provides a means for controlling the radar cross- section (RCS) of the strip. The goal of this thesis is to synthesize resistive tapers for the strip that produce desired bistatic scattering and backscattering patterns.


The numerical analysis results and theoretical limit of specific on-resistance (RON·A) for a parallel trench gate superjunction (SJ) MOSFET where a striped trench gate structure is parallel to a striped SJ structure and a perpendicular trench gate SJ-MOSFET where the striped trench gate structure is perpendicular to the striped SJ structure are presented. Analytical equations for relationships between breakdown voltage and RON·A are verified by device simulation and show good agreement with simulation results. When the MOSFET cell pitch is below half of the SJ pitch, in accordance with the numerical analysis results, the RON·A of the perpendicular SJ-MOSFET is smaller than that of the parallel SJ-MOSFET. This is due to the fact that the drift resistance including a current spreading effect and the channel resistance including a current narrowing effect in the perpendicular SJ-MOSFET are reduced by reducing the MOSFET cell pitch.


The invention discloses a PCB coreless transformer based multi-path output isolated power supply. The PCB coreless transformer based multi-path output isolated power supply comprises a PCB coreless transformer, a primary driving circuit and a secondary receiving circuit, wherein the PCB coreless transformer comprises primary coils and multiple groups of secondary coils; each group of secondary coils comprise two secondary coils; the primary driving circuit is connected with the primary coils and used for generating an input signal source; the secondary receiving circuit is connected with the secondary coils and used for outputting multi-path isolated power supply voltage, wherein the two secondary coils of each group of the secondary coils are in a plane helical staggered structure; and a laminated structure is formed by the primary coils and the multiple groups of the secondary coils. The isolated power supply disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high working frequency, small volume, low cost, high output voltage consistency, and the like.


Tunning the interaction of various compiler optimizations to be optimal for a specific platform is a daunting task with complicated interacting considerations. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that what is optimal on one architecture likely performs terribly on another. Since manually tuning a compiler for each new architecture is infeasible, this project will use machine learning to create a model specific to each architecture that will accurately predict the runtime performance of code based on static features to better inform compiler optimizations. Once the predictive model is created, it can be quickly used to determine near optimal settings for compiler tunning parameters specific to each block of code. To give this research direction, we will begin our work with stencil code, moving on to dynamic programing after preliminary results. These classes of algorithms provides more structure to the problem by focusing on programs whose performance is minimally input dependent allowing our methods to achieve more accurate results.


The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a curricular model designed to enhance sociomoral and psychomotor development in physical education. The curricular content and implementation strategies were grounded in structural developmental theory. Twenty-one 1st and 2nd grade children, who attended a university laboratory school were instructed using the curricular model. The children were tested three times over the course of 12 months on four variables: distributive justice reasoning, perceived competence, fitness, and locomotor skills. Results indicated that children improved in distributive justice reasoning and locomotor skills from pre-test to post-test. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that post-test distributive justice scores were predicted by perceived competence. Actual ability, defined as fitness level and locomotor skills, did not predict distributive justice reasoning. Results are discussed in terms of the efficacy of the curricular model and adaptations that warrant consideration.


In this paper its present a new topology for a two — quadrant converter is presented. In the AC/DC transfer mode the converter works as a rectifier with near sinusoidal input currents (RNSIC), while in the DC/AC transfer mode it works as a square-wave pulse switching inverter. Some suggestions for the converter design are given and a comparison with two- quadrant PWM converter is made. The new converter is characterized by smaller power losses, reduced EMI problems and higher reliability.


The injection of photocurrents by femtosecond laser pulses in (110)-oriented GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The roomtemperature measurements show an oscillatory dependence of the injection current amplitude and direction on the excitation photon energy.

Microscopic calculations using the semiconductor Bloch equations that are set up on the basis of k·p band structure calculations provide a detailed understanding of the experimental findings (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


MOLECULAR RECOGNITION OF LEUCINE-ASPARTATE REPEAT (LD) MOTIFS BY THE FOCAL ADHESION TARGETING-HOMOLOGY DOMAIN OF CEREBRAL CAVERNOUS MALFORMATION 3 (CCM3). Xiaofeng Li, Weidong Ji, Rong Zhang, Ewa Folta-Stogniew, Wang Min and Titus J. Boggon Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology and W. M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520. Running head: CCM3 interactions with LD motifs Address correspondence to: Titus J. Boggon, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., SHM B-316A, New Haven, CT 06520. Phone: 203-785-2943. Fax: 203-785-5494. E-mail: email@example.com


Exposure of E. coli to simple alkylating agents such as methylnitrosourea causes the induction of at least three DNA repair functions, which are under the control of the ada gene. The intracellular signal for switching on the response has been identified as one of the two stereoisomers of methyl phosphotriesters generated in DNA by alkylation. The methyl group is transferred from the phosphotriester moiety to a specific cysteine residue within the regulatory Ada protein in a self-methylation reaction. This protein also corrects the mutagenic lesion O/sup 6/-methylguanine by transfer of its methyl group to a separate cysteine residue in the Ada protein. Methylation of the protein from repair of a DNA phosphotriester residue, but not from O/sup 6/-methylguanine, converts it to an activator of transcription of genes involved in the adaptive response. The activated form of the Ada protein enhances transcription by binding specifically to a sequence d(AAA--AAAGCGCA), located immediately upstream of the RNA polymerase binding site in relevant promoter regions.


This paper describes the compressive crush behaviour of spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams with different diameters (6, 8 and 10 mm) and square tubes filled with these spheres. The spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams are net spherical shape fabricated via powder metallurgy methods by heating foamable precursor materials in a mould. The square tubes were filled by pouring the spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams freely (without any bonding). The compressive crush performance of square tubes filled with spheres of closed-cell aluminum foams were compared to that of the empty tubes. The results show a significant influence of the spheres of closed-cell aluminium foam on the average crushing load of the square tubes. The energy absorption in the square tube filled with spheres of closed-cell aluminium foam with diameters of 10 mm is higher than in the other square tubes. The spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams led to improvement of the energy absorption capacity of empty tubes.


When constructing rule classifiers for pattern recognition and classification tasks we can induce only some small set of decision rules, such as a minimal cover that is sufficient for recognition of learning samples, a subset of rules satisfying requirements for e xample with respect to rule support or strength, or a complete set of rules. Once some set is inferred, another approach becomes available, that of filtering out a group of rules meeting some given criteria. The paper presents the latter methodology, where all decision rules on examples are generated within Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach and the process of filtering exploits a ranking of conditional attributes obtained through Relief algorithm. The procedures are applied in the domain of computational stylistics or stylometry, dedicated to analysis of linguistic styles observable in samples of writing. c


Through swelling experiments on polyelectrolyte (HEMA/DMA) hydrogels, pH-induced swelling kinetics is found to be best described by a diffusion–mechanical relaxation incorporated model. The theory of equilibrium swelling is quantitatively combined into the model of swelling kinetics. By doing so, the advantage is taken of applying relatively more matured knowledge of gel swelling thermodynamics to predict less knowledgeable dynamic behavior of gels. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


plant ), biochemical (total chlorophyll, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide (H O ) and superoxide dismutase 1 2 2 (SOD), fruit yield (fruit weight, fruits number plant , plant yield and total yield fed ) and fruit quality (TSS, 1


Simple Summary Recurrence and metastatic progression always lead to dismal outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa). There is no reliable biomarker for the prediction of recurrence and metastasis other than the Prostate Cancer Antigen (PCA). N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common post-transcriptional mRNA modification and is regulated by m6A regulators dynamically. Since m6A modification is associated with cancer development and outgrowth, we performed a consensus clustering on PCa with regard to the gene expression of all m6A regulators. We identified three subtypes of Pca with distinct m6A expression patterns and enriched biological pathways. We also established an m6A score for metastasis prediction based on our clustering, which is potentially a predictive biomarker for Pca metastasis. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Usually, most PCas at initial diagnosis are localized and hormone-dependent, and grow slowly. Patients with localized PCas have a nearly 100% 5-year survival rate; however, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic or progressive PCa is still dismal. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common post-transcriptional mRNA modification and is dynamically regulated by m6A regulators. A few studies have shown that the abnormal expression of m6A regulators is significantly associated with cancer progression and immune cell infiltration, but the roles of these regulators in PCa remain unclear. Here, we examined the expression profiles and methylation levels of 21 m6A regulators across the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 495 PCas by consensus clustering, and correlated the expression of m6A regulators with PCa progression and immune cell infiltration. Consensus clustering was applied for subtyping Pca samples into clusters based on the expression profiles of m6A regulators. Each subtype's signature genes were obtained by a pairwise differential expression analysis. Featured pathways of m6A subtypes were predicted by Gene Ontology. The m6A score was developed to predict m6A activation. The association of the m6A score with patients' survival, metastasis and immune cell infiltration was also investigated. We identified three distinct clusters in PCa based on the expression profiles of 21 m6A regulators by consensus clustering. The differential expression and pathway analyses on the three clusters uncovered the m6A regulators involved in metabolic processes and immune responses in PCa. Moreover, we developed an m6A score to evaluate the m6A regulator activation for PCa. The m6A score is significantly associated with Gleason scores and metastasis in PCa. The predictive capacity of the m6A score on PCa metastasis was also validated in another independent cohort with an area under the curve of 89.5%. Hence, our study revealed the critical role of m6A regulators in PCa progression and the m6A score is a promising predictive biomarker for PCa metastasis.


Background. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and may contri-bute to secondary damage following ischemic stroke. Recently, it has been shown that synthetic oligopeptides related to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and various other synthetic oligopeptides may have immuno-modulatory effects.
We aimed to investigate the effects of two promising synthetic anti-inflammatory tetrapeptides, namely the hCG-related peptide AQGV and the p53-related peptide EPPE on infarct volume and on inflammatory gene expres-sion in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Methods. In a randomized single-blinded fashion, mice received two intravenous injections of either AQGV (30 mg/kg bodyweight) or EPPE (30mg/kg bodyweight) or phosphate buffered saline. The first dose was adminis-tered directly before 90-minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the second dose was injected directly af-ter reperfusion. Infarct volume and gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-1) were measured 24 hours after reperfusion.

Results. We found no significant effect of either AQGV (108.7 +/- 12.1 mm3 versus PBS 114.9 +/- 23.9 mm3; P=0.7) or EPPE (131.8 +/-12.8 mm3 versus PBS 114.9 +/- 23.9 mm3

Conclusion. AQGV and EPPE did not show any beneficial effects in this mouse model of acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to investigate the nature and dynamics of the immunomodulatory effects of synthetic oligopeptides in acute ischemic stroke. ; P=0.1) on direct lesion volume. All three experimental groups displayed similar mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, E-selectin and ICAM-1 at 24 hours after the ischemic insult.


The "laser ablation split stream" (LASS) technique is a powerful tool for mineral‐scale isotope analyses and in particular, for concurrent determination of age and Hf isotope composition of zircon. Because LASS utilizes two independent mass spectrometers, a large range of masses can be measured during a single ablation, and thus, the same sample volume can be analyzed for multiple geochemical systems. This paper describes a simple analytical setup using a laser ablation system coupled to a single‐collector (for U‐Pb age determination) and a multicollector (for Hf isotope analyses) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC‐ICPMS). The ability of the LASS for concurrent Hf + age technique to extract meaningful Hf isotope compositions in isotopically zoned zircon is demonstrated using zircons from two Proterozoic gneisses from northern Idaho, USA. These samples illustrate the potential problems associated with inadvertently sampling multiple age and Hf components in zircons, as well as the potential of LASS to recover meaningful Hf isotope compositions. We suggest that such inadvertent sampling of differing age and Hf components can be a significant cause of excess scatter in Hf isotope analyses and demonstrate that the LASS approach offers a robust solution to these issues. The veracity of the approach is demonstrated by accurate analyses of 10 reference zircons with well‐characterized age and Hf isotopic composition, using laser spot diameters of 30 and 40 µm. In order to expand the database of high‐precision Lu‐Hf isotope analyses of reference zircons, we present 27 new isotope dilution‐MC‐ICPMS Lu‐Hf isotope measurements of five U‐Pb zircon standards: FC1, Temora, R33, QGNG, and 91500.


Verbal corpus analysis in various languages and advances in the study of neural computation have revealed that we make use of primary metaphors in our reasoning processes. Very few studies have been carried out, however, regarding manifestations of primary metaphors in visual corpora. In this article the author proposes to observe how primary metaphors might generate visual constructs often used in advertising and characterized by the symmetric alignment of objects. The objectives are twofold: first, to contribute to the existing knowledge of how this pattern functions, and, second, to study the presence of primary metaphors in pictorial advertising.


The vehicle rescue process for individuals in residential areas in disaster scenarios is a typical vehicle routing problem (VRP). However, most studies do not consider the factor of individual mobility. In residential areas, there are two types of individuals: individuals with high mobility and individuals with low mobility, such as the elderly. To improve the evacuation efficiency, besides ordinary vehicles, special vehicles equipped with wheelchairs and volunteers are also in great need. Thus, evacuation vehicles should consist of a heterogeneous fleet. Vehicles depart from parking lots, arrive at residential areas to pick up individuals, and then transport them to shelters. In other words, the origin and destination are different, but they are viewed as the same in classical VRP. Each residential area can be served directly by vehicles departing from parking lots or by vehicles that have already served others, which means demands can be split. All these make the VRP in emergency rescue more complicated than classical VRP. Therefore, we propose an integer liner program model – multi-parking lot and shelter heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with split pickup (MPSHVRPSP) model, which includes matching constraints of individuals and vehicles to satisfy the demands of different types of individuals, and considers the selectivity of parking lots and shelters too. We provide a Tabu Search (TS) algorithm with diversification strategy to solve the model and ensure the high quality of solution. A lot of experiments are carried out on various instances. Our results show that MPSHVRPSP can be applied to efficient evacuation of complicated scenarios that satisfies the demands of all individuals in residential areas. Besides, it is more reasonable compared with classical VRP, and TS can also obtain a satisfactory solution in less time. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted on factors that may affect the result of objective function.


The present study attempts to investigate,by means of a series of questionnaires,the washback effects of TEM on teaching and learning.The results show that different stakeholders attach different degrees of importance to various aspects of TEM;that TEM results have,in varying degrees,provided feedback to participating universities on their teaching and learning,but there is a tendency for stakeholders to use TEM results for purposes other than instructional;and that TEM has not,so far,had significant negative impact on curriculum implementation,but teachers and students differ among themselves with regard to the intensity and direction of TEM washback.The results of the present study have practical implications for future reform in the curriculum for English majors.


Provided are a drying machine and a film producing method from solution. A belt (91) is composed of a belt-like central part (91c) and belt-like sidepieces (91s) arranged at both sides of the belt-like central part (91c) in the width direction thereof. The central part (91c) and the welding part (91w) of the sidepieces (91s) expose from a surface (91a). The concentrated liquor flows out from an outlet port (133a) to the surface (91a) of a moving belt (91). A curtain coating film (136) is made of the concentrated liquor by covering the welding part (91w) upon the surface (91a). The drying wind is vented from the pipe to the curtain coating film (136). The solvent is evaporated from the curtain coating film (136) by contacting with the drying wind. The heating wind (150) is blown to the welding part (91w) from interior via a nozzle (151). The solvent, via the heating wind (150), is evaporated from the curtain coating film upon the surface (91a). A peeling roller peels the curtain coating film (136) off the belt (91) to be a film.


Firms are increasingly facing crises events, while tourism is an industry that is highly vulnerable to numerous risks. Despite the wide adoption of social media in tourism and the previous research examining the use of the Internet for crisis, there is limited but emerging research on the use of social media for crisis management. This article aims to fill in this gap by reviewing the literature. The literature is critically analyzed with the aim to identify the use and the impact of social media for crisis management to both tourism suppliers/organizations and tourism demand. The implications of social media are exemplified with several examples. The literature clearly demonstrates how tourism organizations should exploit the inbound and outbound communication, networking, and collaboration capabilities of social media for including several other stakeholders into their crisis management strategies and activities. The article also discusses the practical and research implications of social media in crisis management for tourism policy makers, tourism suppliers, and researchers.


Ductal lavage (DL) is a new procedure for sampling of the mammary epithelium, but experience with this technique remains limited.


Pd(II)- and Pt(II)-catalyzed ring-expansion of enantiomerically pure alkylidenecyclopropane derivatives leads to the formation of cyclobutene species with a complete preservation of the stereogenic center.


Marketing strategy is a process that can lead an organization/company to a large market opportunity to increase sales and achieve the desired profit. Marketing strategy is also an important tool so that companies can win the competition. Business actors often think that competitors are only a threat, but actually competitors are also a driving factor so that a company can improve its creativity and performance and build efficient and effective innovations so that it becomes a company that can be proud of the world. Digital Marketing is one of the most influential marketing media. By utilizing digital marketing in this case is social media, UMKM from Mlati Village, Mojo District, Kediri Regency are able to market home industry products in the form of banana chips. This research is a field research. This study suggests the digital marketing strategy of Banna-Qu products through the use of social media. The results of this study show that the selected social media are whatsapp, instagram, and shopee. These media are more efficient as a medium for distributing messages.


490] It is known that speed variation affects pass-by noise levels and the well developed speed level functions based on statistical and controlled pass-by methods have been produced for different road surfaces and categories of vehicle. Therefore the accurate prediction of vehicle noise from passing vehicles of known speed presents few difficulties. However, the pressing practical problem is how to assess the traffic noise produced by traffic streams over an extended period of time e.g. for the calculation of Lden . The problem is often more complicated in urban areas where the traffic flow is congested for a significant proportion of the day. It has been established that when traffic is freely moving the speed distribution of a given category of vehicle approximates to a normal distribution. It is possible from transport statistics to derive relationships between the width of the distribution (standard deviation) and the mean speed for different classes on different roads. However, under congested conditions the distribution is far from normally distributed. This paper examines the errors in noise prediction which would result if the mean speed was used for prediction purposes rather than the actual speed distribution. Examples are taken from real traffic data both for freely flowing and congested traffic. 1 THE HARMONOISE SOURCE MODEL The source model [1] consists of two sources i.e. • a source placed 0.01m above the road surface which in terms of sound power is 80% rolling noise and 20% propulsion noise and • a source at 0.3m above the road surface for light vehicles and 0.75m for heavy vehicles which consists of 80% propulsion noise and the remainder rolling noise. The sound power of the rolling noise is given by the well known relationship:         + = ref R R WR f b f a f L ν ν log ) ( ) ( ) ( (1)


Essential oil was extracted from the stems and leaves of the plant produced in Yunnan by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction. With the single-factor and orthogonal design, to determine the optimal conditions test. Experimental results show that the optimal conditions as follow: Extraction temperature 40 ℃,Pressure 20 MPa, Time 120 min, CO2 Flow 25 L/h. The activity components of the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. From the Experimental date, we can see Essential oil composition is complex and diverse. Mixed aroma of high contents, such as Camphor(25 %),Eucalyptol(32 %),Ammonium acetat e(9 %),beta.-Pinene(4 %),make up the featured aroma of Rosemary.


This article examines the Dato' Onn Jaafar political compromise of in addressing racial conflict after the Japanese occupation at Malaya. British divide and rule policy has led to racial and economic disparities in Malaya. This has been exacerbated by the occupation of Japanese that has caused the seeds of racial prejudice. Prejudices and preconceptions have been translated into racial conflict after the withdrawal of Japanese troops. Three Stars Army has committed violence and injustice in an effort to legitimize their rule until the cause of the Malays and Chinese were involved in racial conflicts. During this critical time, the Malay intelligentsia in particular is trying to restore communal harmony in Malaya. This article will examine the political compromise by Dato' Onn Jaafar as an intermediary in the relationship relax and recover in Malaya. Sources of the study consists of files from the primary and secondary data. The study found that Dato' Onn Jaafar was among the Malay intelligentsia who have been instrumental in resolving communal conflict after the withdrawal of Japanese troops from Malaya. Dato' Onn Jaafar has inspired the Malays to unite the community and pave the way towards building the strength of the nation. His political compromise has sparked nationalism and pave the way towards independence.


A Giga-Watt class Inverted relativistic Magnetron Oscillator (IMO) was designed and simulated using the massively parallel electromagnetic particle-in-cell code ICEPIC and scaling/redesign of an existing L-Band IMO. The IMO presented here is designed to operate in S-Band at low magnetic fields $(\mathrm{B}\sim 0.13\mathrm{T})$. An axial RF power extraction method is employed. This technique eliminates the need for waveguide combiners, mode conversion apparatus, and complex radiating structures. ICEPIC simulations confirm that the above features combined with the IMO's stable, robust and reliable performance in the desired mode yield a Giga-Watt class HPM source notable for its size and absence of downstream current loss.


The rendezvous technique is a hybrid approach that integrates percutaneous and endoscopic procedures to enable efficient biliary access. The process involves the percutaneous insertion of a guidewire, which is subsequently advanced to the common bile duct and duodenum


There is provided a temperature sensor (1), the at least two first ceramic plates (11, 12), at least one second ceramic plate (21) having between the first ceramic plates (11, 12) and two third ceramic plates (31, 32) , The first two ceramic plates (11, 12) each have a recess (110, 120) is arranged in each case one NTC sensor element (51, 52). Between the second ceramic plates (21) and the two first ceramic plates (11, 12) is in each case an electrode (211, 212) are arranged, each one of the NTC sensor elements (51, 52) electrically contacted. The first and the second ceramic plates (11, 12, 21) are between the two third ceramic plates (31, 32) arranged. Further, between the third ceramic plates (31, 32) and the first ceramic plates (11, 12) each having an electrode (311, 321) arranged contacting each one of the NTC sensor elements (51, 52) electrically. The NTC sensor elements (51, 52) are each completely of ceramic plates (11, 12, 21, 31, 32) enclosed and the first, the second and third ceramic plates (11, 12, 21, 31, 32) and the NTC -Sensorelemente (51, 52) are sintered to form a ceramic body (6). Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a temperature sensor (1) is specified.


While drug‐related morbidity and mortality are currently of significant concern, considerable controversy exists regarding the frequency of these adverse events. Much of this controversy can be explained by differences in methods used to investigate drug‐related morbidity and mortality. The definitions used, patient populations studied, monitoring methods employed, and the use of causality and clinical significance classifications are the primary factors contributing to the differences encountered. This paper aims to provide an appreciation of the impact of these factors on the interpretation and design of studies investigating drug‐related morbidity and mortality.


The present invention, by lower support surface beneath the spinous processes of the upper spinous process of the first vertebral body and the upper support surface a second vertebral body, a surgical device comprising an implant for supporting each other, said implant includes a first implant part and the second implant part, crossing from the basic position, to the larger deployed position than the distance is the basic position from each other of said lower support surface and the upper support surface, with respect to the tightening direction to transition the implant deployment direction is a direction in which the second implant component, first along against the implant component in a direction the tightening is configured to be movable, said implant, the used above spinous process or introduction side the lower spinous process in order to support from the side, at least one inlet side upper support elements and at least one introduction side Including square support element, it relates to a surgical device. The surgical device is further the use of at least one inlet side upper support elements and the at least one inlet side lower support elements for deployment along the deployment direction relative to one another, stationary element for the implant hints, this stationary element, the implant, from the basic position, the at least one spacing relative to each other of the the inlet side upper support elements at least one inlet side lower support elements to greater introduction position than the basic position it is possible to move.


Study area: The study was conducted in the University of Abuja teaching hospital Gwagwalada, Abuja, from February 2009-June 2010. Methodology: five (5) Skin snips were randomly collected from various parts of the body of volunteered onchocercal patients visiting the hospital and incubated inside normal saline to recover microfilaria. Nodules were screened by palpation and the diameter measured before and after treatment. Treatment of Onchocrcal volvulus (Semi-annual treatment) with ivermectin was carried out for two consecutive years. Results: The effect of Ivermectin on the 250 onchocercal cases was quite revealing; 210 (84.2%) out of 250 subjects screened negative (had no microfilaria "mf" in their skin of) after treatment while 37 (15.8%) subjects still had positive "mf"in their skin after treatment (t = 46.89P <0.05). The mean reduction in "mf" load in the skin during the first and second treatment regime was significant (P < 0.05). A decrease in "mf" load from 100% positive cases to 40.24% and 3.27% during the first and second treatment regime shows that ivermectin was effective against O. volvulus. The ivermectin efficacy rate of 59.37% and 77.30% was recorded in the first and second treatments respectively. The effect of ivermectin was also observed on the size of the Nodules and the number of moribund worms. about94.4% of dead or moribund worms was recovered after treatment compared to 58.4% before treatment; nodules of patients after receiving up to two times ivermectin treatment appeared smaller in size (1.92cm) compared to their initial size (3.55cm) when treatment had not commenced. More than 80% of the female worms recovered from untreated subjects were inseminated/with fertilized oocytes while must worms recovered after treatment were uninseminated/with unfertilized oocyctes. Oncochercal skin changes and other skin manifestation before and after treatment are both highlighted.


This article addresses the work practices in the production of art asa result of multiple creative activities. The modern notion of work,sometimes misunderstood as industrial jobs, is its main theoreticalreference. The multiple creative activities embedded within those workpractices are not random despite being ephemeral, as they follow therules and procedures established for each of those activities. Theartists recognize the importance of self-discipline and dedication,including the relationship with a network of collaborators, theircollective mediators, who contribute to the transformation of ideasor intuitions into works of art. In this process, "errors" may occur,which, if perceived, can indicate solutions and new tracks, based onthe supposed appreciation of the final work of art by others.


Three waste materials (A, B and D) were subjected to kinetic column leach tests to determine their acid forming characteristics. To improve predictions of their behaviour from the outset and to enhance the understanding of the water chemistry data collected over 156 weeks, column feed materials were characterised using automated mineralogy and a new accelerated static geochemical test. Initial measurements of the bulk mineralogy confirmed an abundance of magnesite and dolomite in Type A with trace pyrite (0.2 wt. %) identified however only 12% of this was liberated. Type B contained far less carbonate and was instead dominated by albite, magnesiohornblende and chlorite with minor pyrite (1.15%) again observed (with 12.5% liberated). Type D contained the highest pyrite (1.3 wt. %; 10% liberated) which was notably coarser (p80 of 550 pm) with the remainder comprising albite, actinolite, chlorite and tremolite and no carbonates. Accelerated static testing classified Types A, B and D as non-acid forming (NAF). Each waste type was predicted to be NAF in the kinetic trials which was observed. This study highlights that undertaking detailed column-feed characterisation allows behaviour of materials during kinetic trials to be predicted with a better understanding of mineral weathering and water chemistry afforded.


Currently, the interest in land is high and is increased by in relation to the increasing need for livelihood of the population. Therefore, the need for land use to increase its potential production while ensuring a sustained recovery of agricultural systems still exists. The aim of this publication is to test the measurement of the soil resistance impact at different levels of humidity using a newly designed type of a measuring device - a horizontal penetrometer. The measurements were carried out under field conditions by average soil moisture of 8.47% and 14.24%, on the basis of the two parameters comparative method by using a horizontal penetrometer. The proposed measuring device measured the soil resistance in the tire track and outside of the track after five passages of the tractor. Measuring and recording devices to capture the measured values were also designed. From the results, we can indicate that the soil resistance after each passage increases and we also observed that after the first passage, the soil resistance increased by about 48.1% compared to the initial soil resistance. The average soil bulk density corresponds proportionally with the soil resistance increases in both the absolute and relative terms, depending on the number of tractor passages. It is possible to conclude that the newly designed measuring device is working properly and can be used for all types of tractors equipped with a three-point hitch with the tire tread width of 1,000 -2,000 mm. The measurement results will be utilized in mapping of the actual conditions of soil environment.


Semi-rigid polyesters having nitro- or methoxyazobenzene unit in the side chain and calamitic mesogen (biphenyl or 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole unit) in the main chain were prepared by melt polycondensation of diethyl isophthalates composed of the azobenzene units with three dioxydiundecanol derivatives of the mesogenic units and their thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) and optical properties were evaluated. The assigned structures of polymers were characterized by FTIR and 13 C NLR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, optical texture observation, powder X-ray analyses and miscibility tests indicated that most of the polyesters form thermotropic LC (smectic B, C, and E) phases and the polymer having the nitroazobenzene in the side chain forms the most stable LC phase. Absorption spectra of the polyesters in solutions and in films showed absorption maxima based on the azobenzene or the 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole unit, whereas their emission spectra were not observable.


In the accounting system cash outlay necessary to procedure well and in accordance with established policy cash expenditures made outside the prescribed procedure , the possibility of fraud , theft, and embezzlement cash . So that can be said that the better expenditure accounting systems and procedures cash will be able to do it in the trust account the amount of cash in the financial statement. The problem in this study is how the implementation process payroll payments to the Civil Service Training Agency of North Sulawesi. The purpose of this study to evaluate the application of the accounting system cash expenditures , the payment of salaries of civil servants in the province of North Sulawesi training agency . This study is a descriptive research using qualitative methods in which an analysis is collecting, collating, and processing, in order to provide an overview of a particular state so that it ca n be deduced.B ased on the results of the study indicate that the accounting . S ystem is cash expenditure on Training Agency of North Sulawesi is generally well under Permendagri N umber. 13 of 2006.


Rice from Heaven, Rice from the Earth: ideology, the political system and rice production in the Tanala "kingdoms" of Ikongo (Southeastern coast of Madagascar). -- A diachronic analysis of the connections between myths about the origin of rice and society leads to distinguishing two types of tales related to nobles and commoners. Through changes in the ways rice was produced from the 17th till the 19th century in Tanalaland (Ikongo), the complexity of the links between natural environment, land exploitation, social and political organization, and ideology are pointed out.


Objective To analyze the geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes in North China and their relationship with the mutation of anti-HBV nucleoside-resistant analogs (NA). Methods Serum HBV DNA was extracted from 2377 patients,including 1942 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 435 with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis (HB-LC). A nested PCR assay was employed to amplify reverse-transcriptase (RT) domain of HBV polymerase gene. Direct PCR sequencing was performed. HBV subgenotypes were identified based on the RT/S gene sequences,and the NA-resistant mutations were detected. The data were entered into the HBVdb database for analysis. Results The cases infected with individual HBV subgenotype were 10(0.4%) for B1,344(14.5%) for B2,6(0.3%) for B3,8(0.3%) for B4,28(1.2%) for C1,1937(81.4%) for C2,21(0.9%) for C3,6(0.3%) for C4,and 17(0.7%) for D. No obvious difference was observed in sex,HBV DNA level,TBIL,ALT/AST levels,CHE and PTA between patients infected with C2 and B2 viruses (P0.05). In CHB patients,C2 virus infection showed a higher occurrence of lamivudine-resistance mutations (V173L,L180M and M204I) and adefovir-resistance mutation A181V,than B2 virus infection (P0.05). In HB-LC patients,a higher incidence of adefovir-resistant mutation N236T existed in B2 virus infection compared with C2 virus infection (P=0.014). Conclusions C2 is the most predominant HBV subgenotype,followed by B2,in North China. HBV subgenotypes may have influence on NA-resistant mutation in clinic.


Life is what goes by while you are watching a screen Introduction: An addiction can be defined as a pathological state that leads to dependence, blocks the control of different aspects of people's daily lives, influences conscience and diminishes interests in learning and communicating. Information and communication technologies are a series of electronic devices that are increasingly being used by the general population that have helped create a new lifestyle, especially for youths. Their suitable use entails many advantages and benefits, but their improper use can mean serious problems, of which inappropriate sleeping and eating habits stand out, which have several repercussions on the lives of young people. Surfing the Internet, using a mobile telephone, playing video games or watching TV have changed people's lifestyle. This new lifestyle is strongly influencing the young people who were born in this era of advanced technologies. Therefore, we can state that the new technologies field is one of the aspects in which young people possess considerable knowledge and skills. Objective: To know the impact of addiction to new technologies and their excessive use on young people's sleeping and eating habits. Method: the literature search was done in various databases via PubMed, Scielo, ProQuest and Wiley Online Library. Twelve articles that met the set criteria, conducted on excessive use or addiction of ICT and about sleeping and eating habits, were analysed. Results: The studied population included both children and adolescents (8-26 years) because the use of ICT is widespread in both these life stages. The most widely used technology was the Internet, which is a tool found in almost any electronic device. All the studies


This article analyses the complex relation between the face and facial expressions and the architectural facade, as analogous structures to draw and to direct the attention. The conclusion is that a facade is not as a face, but much more as a mask: as a face minus the gaze, more hiding an interior than expressing it.


In this paper we present the main ideas behind the design of the XenoServers distributed platform, which substantiates a public infrastructure for wide-area distributed computing. We present our initial design of the distributed architecture, and emphasize on ways of locating and administering distributed resources in this large-scale, federated platform. The XenoServers global infrastructure is essential to address several fundamental problems of today, such as communication latency, network bottlenecks and long-haul network charges.


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2020;9(6):797-800 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2020.03.25 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality, though improvements in CRC screening, systemic and local treatment, and surgical technique have steadily won victories in the battle against CRC, and the rate of mortality from CRC is steadily declining (1). However, perhaps no clinical-oncologic scenario is as unstandardized as the management of colorectal-liver metastases (CRLM) and their evaluation for consideration of resectability. Previous work has demonstrated the low concordance between medical oncologists and cancer subspecialists in this regard (2,3), but perhaps more striking is the inability for surgeons to arrive to consensus on what constitutes resectable or unresectable anatomy (4). Not surprisingly, methodologically robust studies have demonstrated variations in surgical resection practices. Fenton et al. recently published an exhaustive analysis of 7 years of data from the CORECT-R repository, encompassing 7,423 hepatic resections across the NHS system in England (5). Here we will highlight key findings from this report, and explore potential drivers of the observed variability in the care of patients with CRLM. Noteworthy, findings from Fenton et al. include the report of steady increases in the number of hepatectomies conducted for CRLM (Figure 1), plateauing at around 5% of patients. However, despite the increased rate of resection, the number of major liver resections declined over this period of time (48.2% vs. 39.9%, P<0.001), perhaps due to closer adherence to parenchymal sparing principles (5). However, patients were more likely to be offered surgical resection for CRLM if their primary resection occurred at centers with dedicated hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) teams, suggesting a difference in referral pathways between hospitals. Furthermore, patients who underwent liver resection at a center without a dedicated liver specialist team were more likely to undergo major liver resections (41.1 vs. 36.1, P<0.001). Over the last two decades advances in liver resection techniques such as vascular modulation to stimulate hyperplasia and hypertrophy (6), two stage hepatectomy including associating liver partition with portal vein l igat ion (7) , and exploratory protocols for l iver transplantation for CRLM (8) have bucked the status quo Editorial


Most amber artefacts in early modern Medici collections originated in the Prussian cities of Danzig and Königsberg. Despite this connection, the Florentine painter Santi di Tito depicted the material from which these artefacts were made as native to Italy. One of the sources for this misapprehension was Ovid's Metamorphoses, a classical poem that locates the occurrence of amber on the banks of the river Eridanus – widely associated with the Po in early modern Italy. In Ovid's narrative, amber took its luminous form from the metamorphosis of the daughters of the Sun into trees. It was their hardened tears that gave rise to the new material. In this account, amber signalled a transformation from liquid to solid, its lustrous materiality lending credibility to Ovid's narrative. Referring to the physical and olfactory attributes of amber, this article explains why the Ovidian myth was at times given more credence than the early modern naturalist tracts that situated amber deposits on the Prussian littoral. The mechanism of this discursive framing is explored here with a focus on how sensory perception is rooted in culturally bound values and beliefs.


Many public bus services have their timetable which provide time information of arrival and/or departure at waypoints along the route. On the other hand, there are some bus services that do not have fixed time schedule, such as in Ulaanbaatar, the city of Mongolia. In this case, a lot of confusion occurs for the passengers. Prediction of bus travel time can help to provide services such as efficient scheduling for the passengers of their trips by avoiding to wait a long time. For this purpose, we investigate some machine learning methods to predict bus travel time. Concretely, for bus travel data, we employ three regression methods: linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) to predict travel time. The performances of these machine learning methods are estimated and compared using conventional measures such as mean absolute error and root mean squared error. In a quantitative study, the artificial neural network is the best model having errors less than 1 minute in most cases. We also performed a qualitative study to investigate the details of our prediction results by using heatmap visualizations. Our visualization results offer easily grasping the tendency of travel time and error values.


The invention provides a vacuum circuit breaker which comprises a current collector, a protection controller, an actuator and a current induction power supply, wherein the current collector is used for receiving a three-phase output current and a zero-sequence current of a 10KV power network structure, and sequentially carrying out logic quantification on the three-phase output current and the zero-sequence current to obtain a three-phase analog quantity and a zero-sequence analog quantity; the protection controller is connected with the current collector, and used for receiving the three-phase analog quantity and the zero-sequence analog quantity and respectively detecting the three-phase analog quantity and the zero-sequence analog quantity to obtain detection results; the actuator is respectively connected with a gate and the protection controller, and used for receiving the detection results and controlling the opening and closing of the gate according to the detection results; and the current induction power supply is respectively connected with the current collector, the protection controller and the actuator, and used for acquiring an induction current on a current mutual inductor in the current collector and supplying power to the protection controller and the actuator according to the induction current.


A selective chopping method has been used to make range-resolved measurements of the backscattering of cw laser radiation at 514 nm from laboratory water droplet clouds. With incident linearly polarized radiation, the backscattered components polarized parallel and perpendicular to the incident polarization have been measured as a function of cloud penetration depth. The increase in the multiple-scattering contribution with increasing cloud density and penetration depth is measured and compares well with that observed in the atmosphere with time-of-flight lidar systems. The results demonstrate the capability of the technique for making range-resolved laser scattering measurements in the laboratory equivalent to time-of-flight temporal resolutions of <100 psec.


= Abstract = A rare case of malignant schwannoma showing both glandular and rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in the same tumor is reported. The patient was a 14-year-old girl with von Recklinghausen's disease, and the sciatic nerve was the site of occurrence. There were both pseudoglands and true glands, and the luminal content was PAS-positive and stained for mucin.


Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Chronic inflammation is a predisposing factor of gastric carcinogenesis. TNF-α is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages and causes development of malignant diseases. It also plays an important role in chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Therefore, TNF-α polymorphisms is studied in Helicobacter Pylori infected gastric cancer.
Objective: To find out the high risk group of Helicobacter Pylori infected gastric cancer cases in Asian and Caucasian people.
Methods: A total of 130 GC cases and 103 healthy controls from Jichi Medical School, Japan were studied. TNF-α genotype and allele frequency were studied by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).
Results: Among the study population TNFa-308A was less frequent in Asian people than those of Caucasian. TNFa-238G allele was more frequent in H. pylori positive GC (p<0.036) cases.
Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that TNF-238G polymorphism of TNF-α gene may be closely associated with susceptibility to Helicobacter Pylori infected gastric cancer in Asian patients.  This might be due to high cytokine production by TNF-238G allele.


A theoretical formalism is developed to simultaneously solve equation of motion of the magnetizations in two ferromagnets and the spin-pumping induced spin transport equation. Based on the formalism, a coupled motion of the magnetizations in a self-oscillation state is studied. The spin pumping is found to induce an in-phase synchronization of the magnetizations for the oscillation around the easy axis. For an out-of-plane self-oscillation around the hard axis, on the other hand, the spin pumping leads to an in-phase synchronization in a small current region, whereas an antiphase synchronization is excited in a large current region. An analytical theory based on the phase equation reveals that the phase difference between the magnetizations in a steady state depends on the oscillation direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, of the magnetizations.


The use of first principles calculations based on density functional theory to determine electronic and vibrational properties of novel thermoelectric materials is illustrated by their application to La-filled skutterudites. Vibrational properties are briefly discussed in relation to the identification of phonons responsible for heat conduction and the effect of the filling ions on these. The electronic properties are surveyed for various combinations of pnictogen and transition metal atoms. A promising arsenide composition is identified for further study as a p-type high temperature material.


This article builds on qualitative research with 13 women (9 from Canada and 4 from Asia and Africa) doing international adult education in the Global South. The author examines the cases in light of the postcolonial literature of Bhabha, Spivak, and Khan, giving special attention to their theory of third space. The 13 participants are third-space practitioners who challenge the binaries of North/South, religion/development, and local/global. As development workers and educators, these women trouble existing categories of identity to practice progressive politics in the public sphere through third-space strategies of ritual, listening, negotiation, and subversion. This article's main contribution is to show how these adult educators use and practice this radical position within the shifting (postfoundational) sands that are so often denounced as apolitical, noncommittal, or lost in linguistics.


In 1959, Cravioto and Feigin' defined as a n e w entity a noninfectious granulomatous angiitis with a predilection for the nervous system. This angiitis is distinguished from other vasculitides by virtue of the nature of the inflammatory cell-predominantly histiocytes, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells-and the organs involveda l w a y s t h e central nervous system with occasional lesser involvement of vessels elsewhere in the body. Case reports of this entity are still ~ n u s u a l , ~ ~ and the pathogenesis of the les ion is not known. Usually the disease presents as a primary disorder of the central nervous system, with a wide variety of signs and and diagnosis is made a t the autopsy . The purpose of this report is t o describe 2 additional cases, both of which occurred in patients with lymphomas who developed herpes zoster shortly before the onset of their neurological dysfunction. These are the only 2 cases of granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system seen by us in over 600 consecutive autopsy examinations of the central nervous system. The association of lymphoma, varicella (herpes zoster), and granulomatous angiitis leads us t o speculate that the latter is a viral disease with giant cells produced through the formation of syncytia by infected cells.


The Role Of Energy Policy On Sustainable Development In Iran Abstract:At the current age, energy plays vital role in moving toward sustainable development and prosperity of the society. To achieve sustainable development, increase in efficiency of sustainable energy resources plays key role. Moreover, role of renewable energies is considerable for sustainable development and improvement of economic stagnation. That is why there is an intimate connection between renewable energy and sustainable development. A comprehensive planning for sustainable development can provide new opportunity to overcome challenges and barriers of new era. Understanding these barriers and challenges can lead us to find suitable analysis and better decision making to move towards sustainable development. Therefore, this study has tried to precisely evaluate the challenges and barriers to development renewable energies in Iran. Moreover, the status of renewable energies in Iran is discussed and finally, some suggestions are presented to move toward a sustainable future.


Photoluminescence data are presented on a direct‐well GaAs1−xPx‐GaAs (x∼0.25) strained superlattice (SL) (barrier LB ∼75 A, quantum well Lz∼75 A) and on indirect‐well GaP‐GaAs1−xPx (x∼0.6) strained SL's (LB, Lz∼120 A and LB, Lz∼60 A) grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Stimulated emission (at 300 and at 77 K) is observed in the former but only weak luminescence in the latter, thus establishing that a large density of defects at the heterointerfaces is not necessarily an issue in strained SL's and that so far zone‐folding effects, and SL ''indirect‐direct'' conversion, have not been observed in indirect systems.


Abstract In the direct product of the phase and parameter spaces, we define the perturbing region , where the Hamiltonian of the planar three-body problem is C k -close to the dynamically degenerate Hamiltonian of two uncoupled two-body problems. In this region, the secular systems are the normal forms that one gets by trying to eliminate the mean anomalies from the perturbing function. They are Poschel-integrable on a transversally Cantor set. This construction is the starting point for proving the existence of and describing several new families of periodic or quasiperiodic orbits: short periodic orbits associated to some secular singularities, which generalize Poincare's periodic orbits of the second kind ("Les Methodes Nouvelles de la Mecanique Celeste," Vol. 1, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1892–1899); quasiperiodic motions with three (resp. two) frequencies in a rotating frame of reference, which generalize Arnold's solutions ( Russian Math. Surveys 18 (1963), 85–191) (resp. Lieberman's solutions; Celestial Mech. 3 (1971), 408–426); and three-frequency quasiperiodic motions along which the two inner bodies get arbitrarily close to one another an infinite number of times, generalizing the Chenciner–Llibre's invariant "punctured tori" ( Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 8 (1988), 63–72). The proof relies on a sophisticated version of KAM theorem, which itself is proved using a normal form theorem of Herman ("Demonstration d'un Theoreme de V.I. Arnold," Seminaire de Systemes Dynamiques and Manuscripts, 1998).


Hayduk (1985) investigated the ability of two models to account for a series of stop-distance measurements of personal space preferences. The repeated failure of the factor model implied that it was incorrect to interpret the multiple stop-distance measurements as reflecting a single, stable underlying characteristic called one's personal space preference. The success of the simplex model (a linear sequence of effects) indicated that personal space must be viewed instead as dy- namic, which is in accord with the view that spatial preferences are situation de- pendent. The difficulty with the simplex model is that it is so sparse. Beyond its assertion of momentary expansions and contractions in spacing preferences, it seems to provide almost no theoretical flexibility. This paper demonstrates a range of theoretical styles (models) that are consistent with the simplex model, and hence documents a variety of theoretical and interpretational options that remain avail- able to personal space researchers. Selecting among these conceptualizations of personal space will require further experimental investigations because all the equivalent optional models fit the current data equally well. Patterson's (1976) arousal attribution theory is used to illustrate how a theory postulating feedback loops might be consistent with the non-looped simplex model. Some intriguing parallels between these loop models and human physiology are also noted. Hayduk (1985) modeled data from an experiment designed to mea- sure the size and shape of the subject's personal space. We need not pur- sue the details of this experiment, but we do need an overview to provide a context for the modeling issues that are of concern to us. Subjects were tested individually and were informed that the study dealt with spatial preferences. They were instructed in the use of the stop- distance procedure, in which an experimenter initially stands two meters from the subject and then slowly walks toward the subject until the subject


In Brazil, the use of transgenic maize (Bt) might reduce the yield loss caused by insect pest, equivalent to 500 million dollars. The objective was to evaluate the Bt maize hybrids available in the American market to fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), resistance. Nine maize hybrids, expressing the Cry 1F, Cry 1A(b), Cry 1 A(c) and Cry 9C Bt toxins and one native resistance hybrid (MP 704 X 707) were compared, in the field, with susceptible pairs in a completed randomized block design with split plot and 4 replications. The artificial infestation was implemented 33 days after planting and the evaluations were based on the number of surviving larvae at 10 and 15 days after infestation, larval weight and leaf damage score. All studied variables indicated significant differences (P≤0,05) among the hybrids. Also, significant differences were observed between http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v1n3p1-11


Film insert injection molding (FIM) is an increasingly popular technique to impart decoration onto moldings. In this study, FIMs were produced by using amorphous and crystalline polymers that were evaluated based on their film-substrate interfacial adhesion strength. Interfacial bonding between amorphous polymers could be achieved at any temperature above the glass transition, though higher temperatures are favorable to enhance diffusion rates. As for crystalline polymers, melting of the crystalline phase in the film was needed to create mobile molecular chains before any significant bonding could take place. Hence, the resin temperature should be sufficient to induce melting of the film surface. Regardless of materials characteristics, certain criteria have to be met to ensure good interfacial bonding. Good film-substrate intimacy should be attained to provide a wider contact area for interfacial diffusion. Resins with low Mw and linear chain structures could easily diffuse across the interface and form molecular entanglements with sufficient cooling. Hence, barrel and mold temperatures were the most important parameters that governed the interfacial strength during molding.


In several works, scientific researchers targeted the development of polymeric materials with good mechanical and thermal properties and resist heat and fire propagation. In a new approach, this article goals to the usage of waste polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) based polymer composites derived from PVC pipes scrap filled with fixed percent of zinc borate particles (ZnB), which were prepared via two different techniques named melt mixing WPVC/ZnB (M) and casting WPVC/ZnB (C). The fabricated composites by the two methods were irradiated in an electron beam accelerator (EB) at 30 kGy. A comparative study of the thermal and mechanical properties based on stress-strain curves, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E %), and tear strength were evaluated. Furthermore, the rate of heat burning (%) for the two methods has been performed. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the activation energy (Ea) calculation of the prepared samples have been considered. The observed improvements in the mechanical, thermal, and flammability behavior of WPVC were succeeded by incorporating ZnB particles. The irradiated WPVC loaded with zinc borate presented a superior flame propagation fraction when matched with their corresponding unirradiated composites. Also, WPVC composite films prepared via the melt mixing method reveal more excellent properties than those equipped by the casting process for the most investigated factors. Graphical Abstract


The network protocols we use today have been introduced decades ago. Since then the whole Internet came to existence and with it a single protocol stack: TCP/IP. What was a good solution back then, is no longer appropriate to fulfill the emerging demands of applications. Newer protocols have been created as solutions for the problems, but replacing TCP/IP requires a complicated deployment and migration phase. The problems with the current Internet architecture and its fixed structure have triggered a discussion on a Future Internet architecture. We propose a way to dynamically select and compose protocols based on principles of service oriented architectures. The goal is a network architecture where new protocols could be easily added and are automatically and transparently used by applications. In this paper we present a way to describe protocols and their effects and dependencies between them. We also present a method to select and compose protocols.