In the emerging economies of Asia, urban areas face a seemingly insurmountable challenge: the accommodation of rapid population growth while providing sufficient infrastructure to serve as hubs for the national economy competing in an increasingly global market. Transport infrastructure in such cities has typically been unable to keep up with freight and passenger traffic growth, as both national and local politicians have increasingly become enmeshed in a globalised vision of motorisation provided by the motor vehicle industry. Caught in this vision, despite its increasing unaffordability and some minimal opposition, cities in Asia have too often pursued road-building projects to service their development needs and relieve traffic congestion. This has resulted in a transport system catering to the needs of an affluent minority while reducing the public space available to the poorer majority. Aggravating the situation, past currency devaluation in the region has led to many governments providing fuel at subsidised costs with much of this subsidy being enjoyed by the transportation industry and middle/higher income groups. Within these developments has emerged a new conflict as the paradigm of sustainable development is increasingly promoted world-wide by international development agencies and national and city governments as a basis for future urban development. This paradigm focuses on environmental enhancement, poverty alleviation, equity improvement and good governance, providing a critical counter-voice to the vision of motorisation proponents. As a result of these parallel developments, we are now witnessing in Asia (and elsewhere), a collision of two globalised visions: motorisation and sustainable development. There is, consequently, an urgent need for the development of a new vision by (and for) the motor vehicle industry that assigns motorisation to a more constructive role in an integrated future for transport use and sustainable urban development, jointly arrived at by key stakeholders of development. It is the belief of the authors that this new vision can and will provide exciting new technological and commercial opportunities for the global transportation industry and urban inhabitants alike.


Moving object segmentation and classification from compressed video plays an important role in intelligent video surveillance. Compared with H.264/AVC, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) introduces a host of new coding features that can be further exploited for moving object segmentation and classification. In this paper, we present a real-time approach to segment and classify moving objects using unique features directly extracted from the HEVC compressed domain for video surveillance. In the proposed method, first, motion vector (MV) interpolation for intra-coded prediction unit (PU) and MV outlier removal are employed for preprocessing. Second, blocks with nonzero MVs are clustered into the connected foreground regions using the four-connectivity component labeling algorithm. Third, object region tracking based on temporal consistency is applied to the connected foreground regions to remove the noise regions. The boundary of moving object region is further refined by the coding unit size and PU size. Finally, a person–vehicle classification model using bag of spatial–temporal HEVC syntax words is trained to classify the moving objects, either persons or vehicles. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides solid performance and can classify moving persons and vehicles accurately.


The molecular structure of the title compound, C18H21N3O2, contains pivalamide, pyridin and hydroxy-methylphenyl moieties. The whole molecule is not planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings being 34.84 (7)°. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The C and H atoms of the tert-butyl group disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.692 (5):0.308 (5).


Objective To detect the patients with IgA nephropathy by glycobiology and immunological technique. Methods An helia aspera lectin ELISA immunoassay was developed to discriminate the aberrantly glycosylated IgA in serum from normal IgA molecules by using HAA lectin, which reacts preferentially with the GalNAc of the terminal sugar chain, and AKP conjugated specific IgA antibody. Results The results given by A 405 nm values from 156 controls, 22 patients with IgAN and 19 patients with uncertain IgAN were 0.22±0.10,0.68±0.17 and 0.38±0.15, respectively. The significance between the controls and the patients with IgAN was observed ( P 0.001). Conclusion This assay is sensitive, specific and valuable for the diagnosis of patients with IgA nephropathy.


This German prevalence study examined disproportionate representation of language-minority students among children identified with learning disorder (LD) according to ICD-10 (WHO, 1992). Most German school achievement tests used in LD diagnostics do not provide separate norms for language-minority students, and thus do not take these children's second language status into account when evaluating their academic performance. Although this is likely to result in an LD overidentification of language-minority students, little is known about the magnitude of this effect. Therefore, we compared the estimation of LD prevalence between native German speaking students (n = 566) and language-minority students (n = 478) when pooled versus group-specific achievement norms were used for LD classification. Three important findings emerged from our study: Firstly, and as expected, significant disproportionality effects occurred under pooled norms. Specifically, the likelihood of being diagnosed with LD amounted to 14–18 % among native German speakers and nearly doubled to 25–30 % among language-minority students. Secondly, disproportionality varied as a function of LD subtype: Whereas no disproportionate representation was revealed for arithmetic LD (F81.2), overidentification of language-minority students was found for verbal LD subtypes (namely, reading disorder [F81.0], spelling disorder [F81.1], and mixed disorder of scholastic skills [F81.3]). Thirdly, disproportionality effects were absent when group-specific norms were used for LD classification that controlled for second-language issues. Challenges that have to be met when testing language-minority students for LD are discussed.


In Croatia, cervical carcinoma is the eighth most common cancer seat in female population, with the annual incidence of 15.6. There are 360 new cases and 114 deaths from cervical cancer per year. A decline in the incidence of invasive cervical carcinoma was recorded between 1970 and 1991, then showing stagnation. The highest incidence of cervical carcinoma is found in the 45-54 and 80-84 age groups, and of CIN III in the 35-39 age group, while the greatest increase in the incidence of cervical carcinoma is recorded in the 20-35 age groups. In Croatia, conventional Pap test has been used as a standard method of secondary prevention of cervical carcinoma for more than half a century now. Pap test has been employed as a form of opportunistic screening, i.e. as a classic test for lesion detection and as a differential diagnostic method. It is obtained by a gynecologist and analyzed by trained cytologists and cytoscreeners. In 37 cytology laboratories organized, there are 80 cytologist is and 111 trained cytoscreeners. More than 450, 000 Pap tests are performed per year ; although this figure could cover all women from the 25-64 age groups at risk once in three years, less than 70% are actually included. Croatia has a long tradition of organized education of cytologists and cytoscreeners. Postgraduate study in Medical Cytology, established at Zagreb University School of Medicine in 1967, has been held 33 times till now with 417 postgraduate students in total. Independent residency in medical cytology, later renamed as clinical cytology, has been performed since 1974. Recent tendencies to achieve harmonization with the European Union have brought efforts to adjust the education in clinical morphological professions of pathology, cytology and forensic medicine accordingly, having resulted in a new proposal of residency in all these three professions with a common trunk. The education of cytotechnologists as additional training after completion of high school for medical technicians was at first held in the form of six-month course (1968-1977), then one-year curriculum (1981-1992). Unfortunately, institution of the two-year curriculum at Health College in Zagreb has not yet been implemented. Since 2000, one hundred-five cytotechnologists have received professional training at five courses organized by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of the Republic of Croatia, in collaboration with the Croatian Society of Clinical Cytology of the Croatian Medical Association. The one-year course consisted of 630 hours of practical and theoretical lessons in all fields of cytology, with 200 hours of training at particular cytology laboratories. A unique classification named Zagreb 2002, i.e. a modification of Zagreb 1990 and NCI Bethesda System 2001 classifications, has been used for uterine cervix cytologic findings. In 2003, Working Group for Development of the Program of Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Croatia, within the frame of the Committee for Prevention of Malignant Diseases of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of the Republic of Croatia, submitted a Draft Program with clearly stated goals. The Program would 100 be performed at county level, organized by screening centers at county Public Health Institutes. According to the 2001 census, target population included all women aged 25-64, i.e. 1, 198 299 women in total. As proposed, the first phase would include screening by Pap smear every three years in women aged 25-64 ; and in the second phase in addition to Pap smear HPV test would be introduced for women aged 30-64, with five-year screening intervals. Along with the screening program, the integral system of cervical cancer prevention also includes primary prevention. Conclusion A more than half a century tradition, the network of cytology laboratories with a respectable number of competent cytologists and trained cytotechnicians, and more than 450, 000 Pap tests analyzed per year provide strong arguments for the cytologic screening to remain the basic method of secondary prevention of cervical carcinoma. However, the methodology employed requires modification, first of all substituting opportunistic screening by a well designed, organized and controlled national screening for which all preconditions have been met, then, introduction of alternative methods of higher sensitivity for sample preparation, and new methods in primary and secondary screening.


This paper documents the recent performance of European electronic purses. It presents data on 16 such schemes, and compares their penetration and usage rates. These rates are shown to differ substantially. A number of schemes are doing increasingly well and in all probability are here to stay. These schemes have also received a boost from the introduction of the euro. But a number of other schemes are making little or no headway. Some have even experienced a relapse and appear to be on the verge of disappearance. The paper tries to identify explanations for these disparate fates.


Investigations were undertaken to focus on partial discharge (PD) and breakdown (BD) characteristics in SF 6 /N 2 gas mixtures under inhomogenious electric field by the effect of an extremely small amount (1%∼5×10 - %(5ppm)) of SF 6 gas content. Experimental results and discussions are summarized in this paper as that the insulation characteristics of SF 6 /N 2 gas mixtures at SF 6 content k≥0.1% correspond to those of pure SF 6 gas. while at k≤ 2×10 .3 % (20ppm), to those of pure N 2 gas respectively.


In this paper, an adaptive neural network controller is presented for flexible joint robots using Singular Perturbation techniques by modelling the elastic forces as the fast variables and link variables as slow variables. The neural network controller is to control the slow dynamics in order to eliminate the tedious preliminary computation of the regressor matrix. Unlike many neural network (NN) controllers in the literature, inverse dynamical model evaluation is not required and no time-consuming training process is necessary except for initialising the NNs based on approximate function values at the initial posture at time t = 0. It can be shown that the controller can control the system successfully by intensive computer simulation tests.


We produced medium films,semiconductor films,metal films,magnetic films on Si(100) and glass substrates by JGP-560CⅧ magnetron sputtering system and gave the propitious conditions for preparing films in these experiments.Then the optical properties were performed by alterable angle ellipsometry.And the effect of producing conditions to optical properties at visible region was discussed.The characteristic and range of useing DC-magnetron sputtering,RF-magnetron sputtering and reactive magnetron sputtering were discussed here as well.


Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum levels of protein and lipid in a newly developed soft-dry pellet (SDP) for juvenile (39g on average) and adult (425g on average) yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Juveniles and adult fish were fed high-energy SDP with three levels of protein for 36 days in 500l tanks and 78 days in net cages (8•~8•~8m), respectively. In adult yellowtail, the best growth (1240g) and feed gain ratio (1.62) were obtained in fish fed SDP containing 46% protein and 24% lipid. The ratio of digestible energy to digestible protein (DE/DCP) was about 103 for the best SDP. In juveniles, the SDP containing 49% protein and 18% lipid provided the fastest growth (178g) and best feed gain ratio (0.99) . Also the DE/DCP ratio for this diet was 96. Survival rates were 97-99 % for the adults and 100% for the


The affirmative defense of "discharge in bankruptcy" was struck from the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure's list of affirmative defenses. Striking this affirmative defense could have unintended consequences. This paper discusses those consequences and analyzes ways to avert those unintended consequences while remaining fair to creditors and debtors.


1 Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland 3 Department of Optometry and Biology of Visual System, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland 4 Clinical Eye Unit and Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland


ABSTRACT Forelimb posture in sauropod dinosaurs is still poorly understood. Although a laterally directed (semisupinated) manus is the plesiomorphic condition in sauropodomorphs, the sauropod track record prevailingly shows anterolateral to anterior manus orientations, suggesting a high degree of manus pronation. The ?Middle Jurassic Tafaytour tracksites described herein preserve at least 10 trackways, nine of which show laterally oriented, and in two examples even posterolaterally oriented, manual impressions. Located in the Argana Basin of the Western High Atlas, Morocco, the tracksite yields hundreds of footprints on a highly bioturbated surface, including examples with well-preserved digit and claw impressions. Footprint morphology and trackway configuration vary greatly between trackways. A literature review indicates that laterally directed manual impressions are restricted to small- and medium-sized trackmakers. Statistical analysis was performed on a larger sample (n = 79) of small sauropod trackways from around the world, indicating that lateral manual orientations are correlated with low locomotion speeds and narrow trackway gauges. Manus pronation in sauropods is hypothesized to occur when the forelimb is actively contributing to the propulsion of the animal, which would be the case at faster speeds or at wider trackway gauges where the center of mass is located more anteriorly. We present new approaches to the quantitative analysis of trackway data. Mean configuration plots allow for direct graphical comparisons of different trackways. Two types of trackway asymmetries are defined and quantified. The apparent glenoacetabular distance (GAD) represents a feasible proxy for body size, at least for the smaller sauropod trackmakers analyzed herein.


Orthorhombic HoMnO3 films with well-aligned crystallographic orientations were deposited on LaAlO3(110) single crystal substrates by using pulsed laser deposition. The nearly perfect b-axis-oriented films provide the opportunity of investigating the orientation-dependent physical property of this material. The temperature dependent magnetization evidently displays an antiferromagnetic ordering near 42K, irrespective to the direction of applied field. Furthermore, the theoretically expected lock-in transition was clearly observed at around 30K when field was applied along the c axis and was undetectable along the a and b axes. The 30K transition was suppressed to 26K when the applied field increased from 100to500Oe.


This paper mainly deals with comparisons of three cascade vapour compression systems cascaded with evaporator of LiBr-H2O vapour absorption refrigeration system cascaded by condenser of vapour compression refrigeration system using ecofriendly refrigerants (i.e. R1234yf, R134a, R-32, R507a, R227ea, R236fa, R245fa , R717) and energy and exergy analysis of all three systems were carried out because exergy (Second law) analysis used to facilitates the identification of the system components with high exergy loss. The performance parameters have been compared with three cascade vapour absorption-compression refrigeration system and it was observed that 122% first law efficiency enhancement using triple effect VARS cascaded with VCRS and 79.45% enhancement in second law efficiency using triple effect VARS cascaded with VCRS. Similarly exergy reduction is 56.60% using triple effect VARS cascaded with VCRS and 25.9% reduction using double effect VARS cascaded with VCRS An Similarly performance parameters have been compared with three cascade vapour absorption-compression refrigeration system and it was observed that 22.87% first law efficiency enhancement using triple effect VARS cascaded with VCRS and 46.3% enhancement in second law efficiency using triple effect VARS cascaded with VCRS as compared with double effect vapour absorption refrigeration cascaded with vapour compression refrigeration system. Similarly exergy reduction is 41.4% using triple effect VARS cascaded with VCRS as compared to double effect VARS cascaded with VCRS. © 2018 ijrei.com. All rights reserved


Employment Development has a broad scope and is cross-sectoral in nature,then Manpower Development is an overall effort in all sectors and regions aimed at expanding employment opportunities.In the framework of implementing Presidential Decree No. 4 of 1980 concerning mandatory reporting of job vacancies, efforts should be made to the maximum extent possible to fill vacancies available by local (local) workers.The problem discussed in this study is the Implementation of Placement of Workers in accordance with the Local Regulations Kampar Regency Number 5 of 2009 concerning the Placement of Workers at PT. Flora Wahana Tirta.This type of research is Sociological legal research which is more directed at research that addresses the enactment of positive law, the enactment of positive law on people's lives and also the influence of non-legal factors on the formation of positive legal provisions.Muhammad Hasnan Husainu conducted a study of this research, with the research title Implementation of the Regional Regulation Policy of Kampar Regency No. 5 of 2009 concerning the Placement of Local Workers (Case Study of PT. Ramajaya Pramukti).Differences in studies conducted by Muhammad Hasnan Husainu are in the research location.Location of research conducted by Muhammad Hasnan Husainu at PT. Ramajaya Pramukti, while the research location in this article is PT. Flora Wahana Tirta.


Good water quality is a basic need for human health and water is naturally or artificially overlying with different trace and heavy metals. These metals have an important physiological role with the body, but the bio-toxic effects of many metals are of great health concern. Therefore, contamination of water by heavy metals could be a major concern for human health and as well as for the ecosystem. The present study deals with the elemental screening of drinking water and to compare the seasonal variation of trace and heavy metals in natural source water and their corresponding tap supply from habitat sites of Champawat district, Uttarakhand, (India). The detection of trace and heavy metals were assessed in ppm according to official method by using an Atomic absorption spectrometer. The study revealed that the concentration of trace metals such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and heavy metals like chromium, lead, and mercury was found within the permissible limits as prescribed by the WHO. Hence, it is concluded from the study that the amount of essential trace elements is within the permissible limit while the heavy metal was below the detectable limit. Therefore water from natural sources and their corresponding tap supplies are safe as far as trace and heavy metals are concerned.


While evidence based therapies are what we aspire to deliver and what we teach future psychiatrists and psychologists, the generalizability of the evidence base is problematic. The quality of the evidence base is often judged by the rigor of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that contribute to it. As a general rule, the more rigorous the RCTs, the more narrow the eligibility criteria and the more rigid and burdensome the study designs; hence the question of how those patients both willing and able to participate compare with patients in our office.


The present study aimed to evaluate the micropropagation of Aloe vera under in vitro condition. The comparative study of effects of different phytohormones concentration with hardening of plants in poly house and shade house was carried out. It has valuable medicinal properties and used commercially in Pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Its growth was found well in different concentrations of BA (6-Benzylaminopurine), IBA (3-Indol butyric acid), Kn (Kinetin) and adenine sulphate in present study. Explant was collected from offshoot derived of the superior genotype of Aloe vera at the nursery and authenticated by the botanist in Herbal Research and Development Institute Mandal. [Nature and Science 2010;8(8):174-176]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).


Chapter 1 The World of Exclusive Clubs Chapter 2 Exclusion and Snobbery Take a Trip from London to America Chapter 3 How the "Chosen Few" Are Chosen Chapter 4 Membership Has Its Privileges Chapter 5 Making Connections: Clubs and Political Networks Chapter 6 Change and Resistance to Change in Membership Policies Chapter 7 Beyond the Walls: The Wider Influence of Elite Clubs


The synthesis of tetrameric and hexameric porphyin dericatives is reported; these species can act as models of multi-tetrapyrrole aggregates in biological systems.


The schools located in many township and rural areas of South Africa struggle to provide a high standard of education, because many of the inhabitants of these areas are very poor and there is, thus, a lack of the funding required for the necessary educational equipment. The Afri Twin project, started by Jayne Martin addresses this problem. The project is collaboration among a British school, a South African town/city school and a school from a rural community in South Africa. The aims of the research project were to determine the benefits of the Afri Twin project and to investigate a unique interaction among a British school, a South African Model C School and a rural school. Data were collected through focus group interviews, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis led to the emergence of four major themes with categories and subcategories. The conclusion underlined the cultural tolerance that is established through the Afri Twin project as well as the importance of financial support for promoting an improved learning environment.


Folic acid plays an important role in the health. Some studies have approved that folate deficiency may be the risk factor of many chronic diseases, including periodontal disease, which is one of the two most common diseases in the oral cavity and caused by many risk factors. This review will introduce the relationship of folic acid and periodontal disease.


supervised occlusion in most instances) results in improvement in the majority of cases in both groups. We believe there is no arbitrary upper age-limit beyond which improvement in visual acuity is impossible; the deciding factors for or against treatment are rather the patient's potential binocular vision and the economic and social problems involved. If, for example, in an older patient diplopia is likely to result, treatment is contraindicated; siniilarly with a child taking important examinations. Careful selection of patients likely to benefit from therapy is therefore of prime importance. (4) We would also point out that early operation for strabismus does not solve the problem of amblyopia unless binocular single vision results. An excellent appearance can result from surgery, but if the visual axes are not quite parallel and the deviation is unilateral, the development of amblyopia may continue unsuspected and undetected unless checks are made. It follows that pre-existing amblyopia can nullify the effect of surgery, and therefore adequate preoperative treatment must be given.


Expected changes in temperature, rainfall, water yield and surface runoff dynamics under RCP 8.5 were estimated in the Phetchaburi River Basin, Thailand, using outputs of five regional climate models. Observed temperatures and precipitations were downscaled using a combination of quantile mapping and nearest neighbour methods. The SWAT model was used to estimate changes in hydroclimatic variables in both the near-term (2006-2050) and long-term (2051-2099) temporal frames. All models predicted higher temperatures in the future (28.7-30.4°C) compared to the historical situation (28.0-28.3°C). The patterns of maximum temperature from most models were shifted one month earlier but there was no significant change for minimum temperature. Disagreement between models could be found in projected precipitations for the short term, but most of them pointed to an increase in rainfall in the long term, especially for maximum rainfalls ranging from 1,637 to 1,947 mm. CNRM-CM5 presented large differences in the future rainfalls compared to other models. Surface runoff/water yield significantly increased by 14%/17% in the long-term following the same trend as rainfalls with a slight change in the short-term.


Ethically-defensible research requires wide-ranging, holistic, and deep consideration. It is often overseen by Research Ethics Committees, Institutional Research Boards or equivalents but not all organisations have these and where they do, their degree of independence from organisational priorities varies (perhaps leading to research that would create reputational or other difficulties for organisations being left unpublished or unacknowledged). Conflicts of interest can therefore be left unmanaged, participants may be exploited, and society may not benefit. In this paper, we claim that publishing communities (e.g. scholarly conferences) can play a larger role in supporting improved ethical practice by defining and communicating the ethical values of their community's collective identity and aspirations. This approach is not prescriptive like procedural ethics nor as broad as general research ethics codes (both are important) but offers a tangible way to unify ethics concerns across research contexts.


Violence in adolescence is one of the areas where the social worker usually performs his work in Spain. However, there is no information in recent research that allows us to get an in-depth knowledge about how this labor is being developed, for example, what specific skills are necessary or what are the difficulties and facilities perceived by social workers in his daily performance. Related to this, the main goal of this study is to obtain information on this issue by analyzing the perception of a group of professionals and academics linked to Social Work about the role played by the social worker in the field of violence in adolescence. For this, a qualitative study has been carried out following the scheme of the Grounded Theory (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). The results indicate that, according to the participants, the professional performance of the social worker is excessively limited in his tasks in the field of violence in adolescence and has a lack of theoretical and practical academic training on this specific area. The interviewees demand a greater participation of the social worker in interdisciplinary teams, claim for a direct intervention with adolescents and a review of the current academic curricula.


Johannes Kepler's most important publication on questions of religion and confession, his Profession of Faith appeared in 1623 when the universal scholar Matthias Bernegger had an edition of one hundred copies printed in Strasbourg — at Kepler's expense — under the title: Glaubensbekandtnus vnd Ableinung allerhand desthalben entstandener vngütlichen Nachreden. With this booklet, Kepler intended to demonstrate that his religious convictions did indeed stand in harmony with the Bible; in addition, he strove to refute the accusations of heterodoxy brought against him, the "gossip" or "Nachreden" as he called it. His argument peaks in the next passage: "It is indeed quite an irksome matter, and one very much a matter of great agitation for the average, uninformed man, that someone could be so foolhardy, proud, and swollen-headed as to join no [religious] party. But I swear by God that I have not found joy in the situation nor found any peace therein. It causes me great grief that the three large factiones have torn the truth so terribly among themselves that I am forced to search and piece the truth together where I find it."


The antisera against purified goatpox virus were obtained from rabbits and guinea pigs.The optimal dilution of antisera and antigen were determined by titration test.After the establishment of double antibody sandwich ELISA,31 samples were detected.The results showed that the coincidence rate was 93.5%.It was proved that the method had good specificity,repeatability and sensitivity.Detection of field samples suggested that the established ELISA could be used to detect capripoxvirus.


SUMMARY This paper describes the robotics facilities and associated research program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, lead center in telerobotics for the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emphasis is placed on evolution from teleoperation to remote System automation. Research is described in manipulator modelling and control, real-time planning and monitoring, navigation in outdoor terrain, real-time sensing and perception, human-machine interface, and overall System architectures. Applications to NASA missions emphasize robotic spacecraft for solar System exploration, satellite servicing and retrieval, assembly of structures, and surveillance. Applications to military missions include battlefield navigation, surveillance, logistics, command and control.


This paper is concerned with the following quasilinear Schrödinger system in the entire space <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathbb R^{N}(N\geq3) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>:

<disp-formula>  <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \left\{\begin{aligned} &-\Delta u+A(x)u+\frac{k}{2}\triangle(u^{2})u = \frac{2\alpha }{\alpha+\beta}|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta},\\ &-\Delta v+Bv+\frac{k}{2}\triangle(v^{2})v = \frac{2\beta}{\alpha+\beta}|u|^{\alpha}|v|^{\beta-2}v,\\ & u(x)\to 0,\ \ v(x)\to 0\ \ \hbox{as}\ |x|\to \infty,\end{aligned}\right. $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula>

where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \alpha,\beta>1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ 2<\alpha+\beta<2^* = \frac{2N}{N-2} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ k >0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is a parameter. By using the principle of symmetric criticality and the moser iteration, for any given integer <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ \xi\geq2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, we construct a non-radially symmetrical nodal solution with its <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ 2\xi $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> nodal domains. Our results can be looked on as a generalization to results by Alves, Wang and Shen (Soliton solutions for a class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations with a parameter. J. Differ. Equ. 259 (2015) 318-343).


Hot ductility of SAPH440 steel contained Ti CC slabs was measured with Gleeble 1500 hot tensile machine at temperature range of 1400-600℃.The fracture appearance and microstructure were examined.The first zone of low ductility was found at range of tL-1350℃,the third zone of low ductility was found at range of 950-725℃.Two main causes for the low ductility are precipitation of A1N and formation of network-shape ferrite at grain boundaries.Bending and straightening at over 950℃ are beneficial to reduce surface cracks.


Data is presented on electron and mass transfer in PbMoO/sub 4/ which indicate that defects probably interact at T not more than 0.96 T /SUB m/ (1065/sup 0/ C). the authors use PbMoO/sub 4/ single crystals with a total impurity content of no more than 5.10/sup -3/ mass %. The principal experimental data were obtained by radiometric measurement of the Mo 99 diffusion and measurement of the total conductivity of the same PbMoO/sub 4/ single crystals. The data presented confirm that compounds M /SUP II/ Mo(W)O/sub 4/ can have a Mo(W)03 deficit due not only to randomly distributed defects in the structure but mainly due to associates of these defects. The interaction of ionic defects in PbMoO/sub 4/ is made more complicated by the binding of electron holes by Pb/sup 2 +/ ions.


The Senior Class will take over Ihe administration of the College .morrow with Harry Pollak, the lass president, assuming Presi-llent Buell Gallagher's role and Miiors taking over classes. High-iuhting the day'will be a student-faculty basketball game in the main gym at 2:00 pm with Dave Polansky, the varsity coach, cerv-|ng as referee. Letters OP welcomes all letters to the editor and will print as many as space permits. All letters should be submitted to Jerry Rosen, Features Editor. They should not exceed 150 words in length and are to be typed on double spaced paper. Your name, class, and any organizations you represent in the letter must be included. when the day will end with a class tea. The other important event of the day is a luncheon of the..'old and new faculties in the faculty afeteria. ' Other students who will take office are Herbert Viebrock, treasurer of Student Council, replacing Dean of Administration Leslie W. Engler; Howard Bitown, vice president of the Senior class, taking over-for Dean of Students Student Council went on record at last Wednesday's meeting as opposing "any investigations of college teachers, except with regard to their competence." In accepting a report of its Civil Liberties Committee, SC called for "support of faculty members who are brought before a committee whose purpose is to inquire into their personal, politfcal ac-The departmental trial of former basketball coach Nat Holman and former assistant coach Harold (Bobby) Sand, scheduled tp resume today has been postponed until October ¥20. $ —. • • tivities, affiliations or beliefs Council defended "the right to learn" and said it "should not be taken from a student or teacher, nor disciplinary action taken against him, because h^ .ia^ involved in governmental investigations bf his political, actiyities 1 associations 1 or beliefs. "A teacher should attempt to present s^t~poiitts^ut vrevr fairly and competently; and should have the freedom to express his own viewpoint, allowing for full expression of contrary views;" the resolution continued. The report was, in substance, taken from the Intercollegiate Conference on Academic Freedom re^ port which was approved last term. "Decisions concerning an indi-vidual's academic fitness should be made by the faculty," the SC statement reads. It continued ".. > every decision to dismiss as well asThe trial committee of The Board of Higher Education granted the postponement at the request of Mr. Joseph V. Hayes, "at-torney for Mr. Holman who …


As planned economy has transformed into market economy,sports management system in China has converted from the typical government-control into the joint responsibility of both the government and society.This paper mainly discusses,from inner and outer environmental factors and the self-development requirements of sports,the basis of the sports duty division between governmental departments and social organizations,aiming to provide some theoretical reference for deepening sports reform in China.


The artistic education holds the extremely important status in the education for students' all-around development, and music education is also an important part in Chinese modern education. This article discusses the way to promote the student esthetic quality. The moral education quality enhancement from the teaching of music appreciation is beneficial for students' intelligence development and knowledge expansion.


In this paper we will systematically study the preservation of the notion of largeness of sets, arises from the algebraic structure of Stone-Cech compactification, under homomorphism and difference group. Some of these results were studied previously using algebra of Stone-Cech compactification. But our approach is purely combinatorial.


In injection molding investigations on mixing efficiency and thermal homogeneity of the melt in the screw chamber are of great interest as the directly effect the quality of the molded parts. For most injection molding applications mixing is performed in the single screw plasticizing unit of the injection molding machine. In this work, a CFD approach with two coupled fluid domains is used in order to describe the plasticizing process in an injection molding machine. One domain rotates and translates in axial direction (screw), the other one increases its length (chamber). On basis of the calculated pressure, velocity and temperature field of the polymer melt the thermal melt homogeneity is investigated. To analyze the optical-mechanical homogeneity of the melt a Euler-Lagrangian method is used to calculate the distribution of tracer particles within the screw chamber.


FELLOWS, OTIS. The periodical press in liberated Paris: a survey and a checklist. ("Syracuse University Press series in modern languages.") Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1946. Pp. v+29. FOWLIE, WALLACE. Rimbaud. New York: New Directions, 1946. Pp. 160. The correspondence of Johann Caspar Goethe. By F. H. REINSCH. ("University of California publications in modern philology," Vol. XXVIII, No. 2.) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1946. Pp. vi + 25-62. HOOLE, W. STANLEY. The ante-bellum Charleston theatre. [University, Ala.:] University of Alabama Press, 1946. Pp. xx+230. The "Stella maris" of John of Garland. Edited, together with a study of certain collections of Mary legends made in northern France in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by EVELYN


The productivity of castor tree irrigated with water and treated sewage, using different nitrogen and potassium doses, was evaluated. Eight treatments were used, varying the concentrations of nitrogen and potassium, and getting the productivity from the areas irrigated with water and treated sewage. For the castor tree irrigated with sewage, it was observed: regarding the raceme length, the best responses were in the treatments that did not contain any fertilizer; for the parameter "seed number", the areas supplemented with nitrogen provided the highest productivity; for the "100 seeds weight" parameter, the best results occurred where contained the two highest nitrogen levels. For the castor tree irrigated with water, the treatments with high nitrogen concentrations provided the best results. The productivities achieved in the areas irrigated with treated sewage and nitrogen supply were the best. Palavras-chave: reúso de águas; irrigação com esgoto; mamona (Ricinus communis L.); macro-nutrientes.


In this paper, a readout circuit (ROIC) utilizing a novel noise tolerant edge detection technique for InSb medium wavelength infrared focal plane arrays (MWIR FPAs) is studied. The use of a noise tolerant edge detection algorithm eliminates the need for a pixel-level non-uniformity correction circuit. In addition, the proposed circuit's simple structure allows the processing circuits to be integrated within a shared 2 by 2 pixel area. The proposed method shows better performance for the Gaussian and salt & pepper noise than other conventional approaches. A good edge map is obtained in general InSb MWIR detectors which have 99.5% operability and about 5% non-uniformity of the pixel current. Basic operation of the fabricated noise tolerant edge detection circuit is demonstrated.


This article comments on the paper "The Impact on Managers of Frequency of Feedback," by Doris M. Cook. The article is believed to be an example of over reliance on the obvious and a failure to con...


When groundwater drought occurs, baseflow discharges to surface-water bodies will be reduced and then domestic and agricultural water usage becomes at risk of insufficient supply. Thus, in this study, several methods for groundwater drought assessment were tested with long-term monitoring water-level data in the study area to preserve groundwater sustainability from drought, principally caused by reduced precipitation and propagated through agricultural drought and groundwater drought. Because of the Monsoon climate on the Korean Peninsula, the groundwater storage (or water-level) is secured until the end of summer, then falls by natural discharge during the dry seasons of autumn, winter and the following spring. Thus, the rainfall in the wet season seems to mainly influence groundwater storage until the spring of the following year. As the groundwater level (GWL) declines due to natural drainage and the use of agricultural water increases by the end of the dry season (October–May), the GWL will become lowered below the critical level. Below this level, sufficient water supply is not secured. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), threshold method and 95% probability occurrence method, drought detection and the frequency of drought are compared. Groundwater drought using the threshold method results in more frequent occurrence than using the SPI method. The 95% occurrence method responds to severe drought but it also has weakness in missing the man-induced GWL decline in every spring season. For groundwater drought assessment, an appropriate drought index should be utilized according to climatic conditions and catchment characteristics. In the study area, variations of the both natural and anthropogenic effects are mixed and the threshold method is more suitable as a measure for preventing water resources shortage.


The crystals of sodium lucidonate dihydrate were isolated from the fruits of Lindera erythrocarpa MAKINO (Lanraceae) and its structure was determined by X-ray analysis. The crystals are orthorhombic with space group P212121 and unit cell dimensions are a=15.164 (7), b=15.980 (7), c=6.242 (3) A, Z=4. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method. The final R value for 770 observed structure factors was 0.065. The molecules are linked together by the coordination of oxygen atoms to the sodium ion and by the hydrogen bonds. The coordination number of sodium ion is six.


Urban infrastructures are the focus of terrorist acts because, quite simply, they produce the most visible impact, if not casualties. While terrorist acts are the most insidious and onerous of all disruptions, it is obvious that there are many similarities to the way one should deal with these willful acts and those caused by natural and accidental incidents that have also resulted in adverse and severe consequences. However, there is one major and critical difference between terrorist acts and the other types of disruptions: the terrorist acts are willful - and therefore also adaptive, if not coordinated. One must counter these acts with the same, if not more sophisticated, willful, adaptive and informed approach. Real-time, information-based decision making - which Tien [2003] has called the decision informatics paradigm - is the approach advanced herein to help make the right decisions at the various stages of a disruption.


A unique subset of obese individuals who appear to be protected from the development of metabolic disturbances has been identified in clinical practice and is termed metabolically healthy but obese (MHO). The true prevalence of the MHO phenotype varies widely from approximately 6% to75% of obese adults and from 6–36% in obese adolescents. Currently, there are no clear accepted criteria on the definition of MHO. The strong effect of pubertal status on metabolic health cannot be excluded in obese adolescents. To clarify this definition we need the collaboration of the scientific community. Numerous possible mechanisms underlying MHO have been suggested, including adipose tissue distribution and inflammation. The current evidence cannot confirm that MHO subjects are permanently protected from the risk of obesity-associated metabolic complications. This transition might be minimized by appropriate lifestyle habits. No standard practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of MHO can be proposed to clinicians. A decent attitude would be to regularly monitor CVD risk factors in obese adult and adolescent MHO patients especially elevated triglycerides, glycaemia, HOMA and C-reactive protein as well as low HDL-C. A special surveillance should be applied to prevent any increase in waist circumference (WC) as the MHO phenotype may be maintained by promoting lower WC and by the prevention of any further weight gain. Identifying obese patients with this protective profile could help the medical community determine which part of the obese patients need to be only periodically observed and which need to have early therapeutic interventions


This special issue has its roots in a series of meetings at the annual EGOS conferences held between 2001 and 2007. The Action Research sub-theme at these annual meetings has attracted almost 200 papers from authors on every continent. A particular focus of the group has been the socio-economic approach to action research developed by Henri Savall and the ISEOR team which discusses what Savall describes as "Generic Contingencies" and a "qualimetrics research methodology" (2003). The meetings have drawn together a truly international grouping of researchers who share a common interest in working closely with the world of practice to "make a difference."


Aim: to analyze the behavior of variables associated with the effective management of the authority on teachers. Method: a descriptive study with cross-sectional and quantitative components. Eight teachers belonging to one secondary education institution and one university, considered by their students as those with effective management of authority, were selected through a survey. In total, 69 students and 8 teachers were interviewed. Results: Teachers with effective management of the authority base their power mainly in strength and wealth, and they use the four functions of power to some extent: prescription, regulation, supervision, and administration. Apparently, authority features such as affinity and charisma, or the difficulty of the subject do not relate to the effective exercise of authority by teachers. These and other variables are eanalyzed concerning the functions of power, in relation to earlier investigations.


This article traces the origins of the casebook classroom, the medical school teaching hospital, and the architectural school design studio. These parallel histories show how and why legal education diverged from norms being established in the other two fields. The divergence left legal education stronger within universities than it otherwise might have been. But it also left legal education insulated from its own profession and, to that extent, diminished intellectually.Uniquely among the professions, law schools use a required curriculum has changed little since 1870. Medical and architecture schools are built around settings where those professions are practiced: teaching hospitals and design studios. The typical law school, however, is built around its library, which is essential to faculty scholarship but has only a minor role in the practice of law. Medical and architectural faculties are dominated by people close to practice, but law faculties are the reverse. And law school resources are allocated today within the context of a bargain Langdell came to in the late nineteenth century. The Langdellian bargain may be the most fundamental reason why so little has changed in legal education since then.


There is nothing extraordinary about our story. In fact, it is its very ordinariness that makes it important. Details vary but the stories of countless other families echo the general themes of our...


Everyone who is interested in the short-story form and has even an elementary notion of what is specific to it cannot but note that this genre is exceptionally dynamic and never stands still, but constantly develops and changes.


SPRR-300 is a pool-typed research reactor which uses light water as both coolant and moderator. Its fuels are rods made of uranium dioxide. The enrichment of uranium-235 is 10 percent. Fifteen or sixteen rods are fabricated into an assembly. The highest power of the reactor is 3.5 mega-watts. The planar map of its upper reactor hall. The reactor was designed in 1965 and started to be built in 1967. It reached criticality in June, 1979. From 1996 to 2002 it operated at a maintenance state because the fuel rods were used up. Having purchased 300 new fuel rods, the reactor resumed normal operation in 2002. Until 2005, the reactor has been operated for about 3330 mega-watt-day.


This section is broken into four parts: (1) introduction, (2) natural IIa diamond, (3) importance of structure and composition, and (4) control of structure and properties. Conclusions of this discussion are that properties of chemical vapor deposited diamond films can compare favorably with natural diamond, that properties are anisotropic and are a strong function of structure and crystal perfection, that crystal perfection and morphology are functions of growth conditions and can be controlled, and that the manipulation of texture and thereby surface morphology and internal crystal perfection is an important step in optimizing chemically deposited diamond films for applications.


We consider the Einstein-Weyl equations on a fixed background metric and show that they may be expressed s a 'closed System' for a one-form and its first few derivatives. If the background is flat, then we conclude that the only Solutions are conformal rescalings of constant curvature metrics. In general, a solution to the System gives rise to local constraints on the background metric. We exhibit a metric in four dimensions which admits no solution to the Einstein-Weyl equations.


In the United States, overhead irrigation is common to apply water and dissolved nutrients to vegetable transplants during greenhouse production. Overhead irrigation allows for the control of salt accumulation in the growing medium because excess water can leach salts out of the container. Alternatively, subirrigation saves labor and improves water use efficiency, but soluble salts can accumulate in the upper profile of the containers. Consequently different sets of fertilizer and electrical conductivity (EC) guidelines are required for overhead and subirrigation systems. The objective of this project was to determine the influence of fertilizer concentration and irrigation method (subirrigation vs. overhead irrigation) on the growth of several vegetable transplant crops intended for retail sale. Seedlings of collards (Brassica oleracea var. acephala 'Vates'), kale (B. oleracea var. acephala 'Nagoya Mix'), lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Buttercrunch'), pepper (Capsicum annuum 'Sweet Banana'), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Sweet 100') were transplanted into 4-inch-diameter containers and grown in a greenhouse for 4 weeks. Irrigation was provided via ebb and flow benches (subirrigation) or hand-watering (overhead irrigation). Plants received a complete fertilizer solution provided at a concentration of 50, 100, 200, 350, and 500 mg.L-1 nitrogen (N). The treatments resulting in maximum shoot dry weight (DW) for overhead irrigated plants were 100 mg.L-1 N for pepper, 200 mg.L-1 N for tomato, and 350 mg.L-1 N for collards, kale, and lettuce. Irrigation method and fertilizer treatment significantly affected fresh weight (FW) and DW for kale, lettuce, and pepper. For kale and lettuce, regression analysis indicated that maximum DW was reached at a lower fertilizer concentration with overhead irrigation than subirrigation. The treatments resulting in maximum DW for subirrigated plants were 200 mg.L-1 N for kale, lettuce, pepper, and tomato and 350 mg.L-1 N for collards. Reducing fertilizer concentration was an effective method for controlling plant height for all crops we examined except for 'Sweet Banana' pepper. However, in many cases height control via nutritional limitation comes at substantial expense to other growth parameters. Our results suggest that, in some cases, fertilizer concentration guidelines for overhead irrigation can be reduced when growing vegetable transplants with subirrigation due to reduced leaching of nutrients and greater potential for accumulation of fertilizer salts.


Intratumoral cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) enter a dysfunctional state characterized by expression of coinhibitory receptors, loss of effector function, and changes in the transcriptional landscape. Even though several regulators of T-cell exhaustion have been identified, the molecular mechanisms inducing T-cell exhaustion remain unclear. Here, we show that IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) signaling induces CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Adoptive transfer of Il18r-/- OT-1 CD8+ CTLs resulted in enhanced rejection of subcutaneous tumors expressing OVA as a model antigen (PancOVA), compared to wild-type (WT) OT-1 CTLs. Transferred intratumoral IL18R-deficient CTLs expressed higher levels of effector cytokines TNF and IFN-γ and had reduced expression of coinhibitory receptors (PD-1, TIM-3, 2B4, LAG-3) and the transcription factors Eomes and TOX. Lower expression of coinhibitory receptors and TOX on IL-18R-deficient vs -sufficient CD8+ T cells were confirmed in an orthotopic KPC model. IL-18R-induced T-cell exhaustion was regulated by IL-2/STAT5 and AKT/mTOR pathways, as demonstrated in an in vitro exhaustion assay. Concordantly, mice deficient in NLRP3, the molecular complex activating IL-18, had decreased expression of coinhibitory receptors on intratumoral T cells and similar changes in signaling pathways at the transcriptome level. Thus, molecular pathways promoting T-cell exhaustion indicate an involvement of an NLRP3 expressing tumor microenvironment, which mediates IL-18 release. TCGA analysis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma showed an association between NLRP3-mediated IL-18 signaling and shorter survival. These findings indicate NLRP3-mediated IL-18R signaling as a regulator of intratumoral T-cell exhaustion and a possible target for immunotherapy.


Over the past 20 years there has been increasing interest in the quality of air in buildings. Initially this interest was focused mainly on the perceived problem of 'sick building syndrome'. However, as time has passed, many building designers and scientists have come to realise that indoor air quality has a profound effect on both the performance and health of building occupants, since people spend most of their lives indoors. Most of the work undertaken in this field has concentrated on non-viable chemi-


Pseudomorphic binary alloy monolayers Fe x Mn 1 - x and Co 1 - x Fe x were grown on W(110) by molecular-beam epitaxy in ultrahigh vacuum. Fe atoms are randomly replaced by Mn or Co atoms. The pseudomorphic monolayers form extended areas of monolayer coverages at elevated temperatures in the step flow growth mode. For Fe x Mn 1 - x /W(1100) monolayers the Kerr rotation decreases with decreasing Fe concentration, corresponding to a decrease of the magnetization of Δμ/Δx=-(8′2)μ B /atom. The Curie temperature decreases with a rate of [ΔT C (x)/Δx]T C (Fe)=-(1.8′0.2)×10 - 2 /at. %. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals characteristic maxima in the unoccupied local density of states near the Fermi level, which shift towards E F with decreasing Fe concentration for both alloys investigated here. The reduction of magnetization with decreasing Fe concentration can be explained by a simple model of d-band filling, similar to the explanation of the Slater-Pauling curve for binary alloys. We observe a maximum value for T C and for the Kerr rotation for the pure Fe/W(110) monolayer, in contrast to the behavior of bulk alloys where maximum values are obtained for Co-Fe alloys.


By means of direct inoculation of spores of the assay organism, Bacillus stearothermophilus var. B. calidolactis C953, a modification of the IDF standard method for the detection of antibiotics in milk and milk products was investigated. A new sporulation medium, composed of peptone 1%, polypepton 1%, MnSO4·5H2O 0.004%, and agar 2%, was developed. High yield of spores of the assay organism was obtained on this medium. With crude or purified spore suspensions prepared from the agar plate cultures of the organism, the modified method was examined and it gave the same results to those obtained by the original IDF method, provided the spores were inoculated in the range of 2×107 to 5×107 in 1ml of the disk plate agar. Spore suspensions could be prepared readily by usual means in the laboratory, and purification was not necessary. The spore suspensions could be preserved without any deterioration for 12 months at 5°C. It was enable us to shorten the time required for the assay of antibiotics in this modified method, since the time consuming steps of preparation of the seed cultures could be omitted.


It is established that complex phytoremedy «Nephiophit» and its components have expressed antioxidant activity caused by abilities to inactivate reaction of oxygen forms and. other initiators of lipid peroxidation.


The zircons from Ningyuan alkali basalt show euhedral-subhedral shapes and striped absorption on their cathodolumines-cence (CL) images.Most zircons ring with a clear plate, which is the typical structure of basic igneous rocks zircon.The Th/U ratios of Baoanxu Zhongxinpu zircons range from 0.37 to 0.95 , and Baoanxu Lizhaixiang zircons range from 0.43 to 2.53, indicating that they were formed by normal crystallization of magma.U-Pb dating of 20 zircons from Baoanxu Zhongxinpu , and Baoanxu Lizhaixi-ang was made on LA-ICP-MS.The results show that the data of Zhongxinpu 34 zircons cluster around the concordia of 204~221 Ma , yielding a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 212.3 Ma±1.7 Ma , and that the data of Lizhaixiang 23 zircons yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 205.5 Ma±3.0 Ma , which implied that the crystallization of the Ningyuan alkali basalt occurred in Late Triassic.


Summary Russellite Bi2O3. WO3 occurs in a small pegmatite near Poona, Western Australia. The fine-grained yellow to pale green material is an inseparable mixture of russellite, bismite, koechlinite, and bismutite. X-ray powder diffraction, physical, and chemical data agree in general with the original description of the mineral from Cornwall, England. The original analyses made on micro quantities are now supplemented by analyses on macro quantities.


Plantago cordata Lam. (Plantaginaceae) collected from Hazara was investigated by its, morphology, leaf epidermis anatomy and pollen grain morphology. It is a threatened herb, having thickened elongated roots, heart shaped leaves with long petioles. Leaf epidermis anatomy and pollen grain morphology have been examined by the light microscope. Morphological and anatomical examination revealed that the test plant had double walled upper and lower epidermal cells which were irregular, mostly tetragonal. Epidermis was amphistomatic while stomata were found as anisocytic (Paracytic). Trichomes were sessile or stalked stellate, three to five rayed and secondarily branched. Pollen grains were free, medium-sized or small, radially symmetrical, tricolporate, apolar, spherical or prolate spheroidal in shape.


To err is human – and also administrative. Federal agency action gives rise to hundreds of suits each year, in which plaintiffs bring claims under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 701-706. Before federal agency action undergoes APA review, however, federal district courts must determine that "no other adequate remedy in a court" exists. 5 U.S.C. § 704. But courts looking only to these seven simple words might be lead astray. This Article demonstrates that, despite the plain language of § 704, a faithful reading of the APA's statutory text reveals courts may not withhold APA review on the ground that constitutional review would provide "[an]other adequate remedy in a court." Part I argues that Congress intended for a court to allow plaintiffs to bring APA and constitutional claims simultaneously, as evidenced by the text and structure of the APA. Part II argues that courts should interpret § 704 in light of the principle of constitutional avoidance. The "canon of constitutional avoidance" is shorthand for a series of distinct jurisprudential principles, one of which, the "order-of-battle" canon, has important implications for a court's reading of § 704. This Article advances the novel argument that the policies underlying the order-of-battle canon have interpretive implications for judicial review provisions, such as Chapter 7 of the APA – namely, courts ought to interpret such provisions so as to avoid constitutional holdings when a statute may resolve the case. In light of congressional intent, as evidenced by the text and structure of the APA, and jurisprudential principles of constitutional avoidance, courts should not preclude plaintiffs from bringing APA and constitutional claims simultaneously – no matter how plain the § 704 language may be.


The measurement of peak ground acceleration and ground vulnerability index in Lampung area has been done. This study aims to analyze the acceleration of ground vibration and ground vulnerability index with soil types namely, entisol, inceptisol and ultisol. The tool used to perform the measurement is the vibration meter VB-8213. The results of the analysis show that changes in the acceleration value of ground vibration and ground vulnerability have the same pattern of change with distance. The further distance to the vibration source the acceleration value of ground vibration and ground vulnerability index will be smaller. The greatest vibration acceleration value is found in ultisole and inceptisol soil type. The smallest vibration acceleration value of the soil type is entisol. While the value of ground vulnerability index for all types of soil entisol, inceptisol and ultisol have relatively small ground vulnerability index.


According to the latest guidelines, in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cases, the best intervention to restore blood flow in the occluded coronary arteries is angioplasty at a time less than 90 minutes. Delay in timely implementation of reperfusion is one of the key problems in the management of STEMI. In this review study, the aim is to investigate the role of pre-hospital and hospital emergency staff in time management of STEMI. For this purpose, the articles published 1999-2019 with available full texts in ProQuest, SID, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus databases were searched using the keywords: Pre-hospital Emergency, Hospital Emergency, Primary Angioplasty, Time Management, Ischemia, and Acute Myocardial Infarction. A total of 59 articles in Persian and English (from 10 different countries) covering both qualitative and quantitative studies were initially yielded. Those which were not a review paper and their full texts were unavailable were excluded from the review. Faster reperfusion reduces the cardiac necrosis area, resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality. Early ECG recording by the pre-hospital emergency team followed by the activation of the code STEMI by the emergency team can increase the speed of diagnosis, decision making, and transfer of the STEMI patient to receive the best treatment.


One of the trends of modern mass perception of Dostoevsky, denial and controversy with a classic, is described in the article. The work also contains a brief history of this tradition of perception. From the point of view of its structure, any renunciation of Dostoevsky or any polemics with him is founded on the rejection of the "fantasticality" of his poetics or the identification of the writer with one of his heroes. The paradigm of this receptive tradition was defined in the first lifetime responses about Dostoyevsky. In the twentieth century, the controversy with Dostoevsky turned into a purely ideological plane. New rethinking of the writer began only in the middle of the century. The article gives notoriety to the unknown until recently historical source youth diary of Romain Nazirov, who later became the largest Russian literary scholar. The most recent element of negative perceptive tradition of Dostoevsky is rejection of him as of boring cultural stamp. It is noteworthy that in recent decades the trend of mass and elite culture is largely identical in relation to Dostoevsky (at the same time, the scientific perception of Dostoevsky, on the contrary, significantly diverges from them). From this perspective, the article analyzes the series of mass and elite interpretations of Dostoevsky in Contemporary Culture.


This paper presents a parameterized design for the high-speed dry hob,and the parts-drawing of high-speed dry hob is obtained on the basis of the computer assisting program.Based on the optimum theory of modern technics,the high-speed dry hob is taken as the research object with the highest productivity as the aim function.A math model is established about the optimum hob's structure parameter and cutting parameter which takes account of the limit of these factors such as the machine tool,cutting tool and machining technics.The optimum design of hob's structure is achieved through the variation of cutting parameters in this model.


Infertility is a well-documented phenomenon due to the increasing number of couples involved (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002) and moreover, to the psychological (Verhaak et al., 2001), relational (Greil, Shreffer, Schmist, & McQuillan, 2011; Cousineau & Domar, 2007) and social (Cousineau et al., 2007; Folkvord, Odegaard, & Sundby, 2005) implications on the individual's and couple's life (Johansson & Berg, 2004; Monga, Alexandrescu, Katz, Stein, & Ganiats, 2004; Peterson, 2000). This thesis focuses on the dual nature of infertility and its implications. The aim is to promote the individual and couple characteristics that can help infertile subjects and couples to cope with their problematic. The first section of the thesis focuses on the influences of infertility on individuals and factors and characteristics that can correlate to these influences in each partner. Findings of the first three chapters of this section, confirmed the negative impact of infertility on relationship quality, more particularity on dyadic adjustment and sexuality, and on disclosure. Moreover, the correlation of personal and situational factors with relational factors as dyadic adjustment and sexuality was confirmed. The second section focuses on the decision making process of infertile sample as we consider it as an essential element that is used to resolve the problem and can influence the present and future of the couple. Interest was focused specifically on the decision making styles and elements that correlate with each style. Even though the rational decision making style was more used in fertile sample, positive dyadic adjustment and positive sexually dimensions were correlated to this decision making style, becoming in this way elements of interest that should be promoted in order to orient infertile couple towards the rational decision making style. The third section was focused on the moderator role of adult attachment. It resulted that in a problematic situation insecure attachment styles can become moderators of positive dyadic adjustment, sexuality, disclosure and decision making styles. The last section was dedicated to the dyadic approach. We identified some specific couple configurations that can cope better with the implications of infertility. These specific couples are well adjusted, sexually satisfied, disclosed with family and friends. According to attachment, we found that not only secure attached couples can cope better with infertility, not only the mixed attached couples, but in specific cases insecure attached couples, too. Finally, a contribution of our results to the present counseling in infertile couples is proposed.


Abstract Sporadic abnormal vaginal bleeding is a common symptom in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Assessment aims to exclude sinister underlying pathology. Modern management should be based on one-stop gynaecological assessment and is reviewed in this article. This has been driven by the demands of both patients and clinicians to provide a rapid, accurate diagnosis, with the minimum of investigations and invasive procedures. The need to avoid the unnecessary costs of multiple outpatient visits and inpatient admissions is also a major factor in this development.


Background Previous sheep models of asthma are based on sheep sensitized to nematode (Ascaris) allergens and these have been used to evaluate the physiological and pharmacological effects of potential anti‐asthma agents. The immunological mechanisms associated with the allergic response in sheep lungs has not been examined in detail.


Second order optical nonlinearities were induced in commercial phosphate glasses (Schott, IOG-1) by the thermal poling technique. The induced χ(2) was measured via second harmonic generation using a fundamental beam from a 1064 nm mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The nonlinear regions were characterized using the Maker-Fringe technique, in which the second harmonic signals were observed as a function of incident angle of the fundamental beam. The results show that the χ(2) profile has contributions from two distinct regions: a near-anodic surface region and a bulk. We have modeled the induced profile to fit our experimental results. The dependence of the induced nonlinearity on applied poling fields, temperatures and poling time is discussed.


At present, China is in the stage of rapid development of information technology. In the information age, with the popularization of the Internet and the proposal of the Internet of things, the most important means of production is big data, Big data technology will be the means to further deepen the informatization; with the accumulation of big data and the improvement of hardware computing ability, the medical and health artificial intelligence has reached the critical point, which has a broad application prospect in the field of medical and health in China. In order to adapt to the development of national health industry, this paper discusses the construction of application-oriented health service and management undergraduate talents mode based on informatization from the aspects of Local Application-oriented Undergraduate Talents Training mode, curriculum system, teaching staff, practical teaching and so on.


Muti-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by grafting polyimide (PI) on their surface via Friedel-Crafts acylation. The functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) showd less damages than unfunctionalized ones. The partially imidized polyamide acid as-spun fibers containing f-MWCNTs were prepared by wet spinning, and the final PI/f-MWCNTs composite fibers were obtained by heat treatment. The tensile strength of the PI based composite fiber containing 1.0 wt% f-MWCNTs was 818.3 MPa and the Young's modulus was 9.26 GPa, which were about 81% and 88% higher than those of pure PI fiber, respectively. Besides, the thermal stability of PI/f-MWCNTs composite fibers was obviously improved.


Two petroleum residua were studied, one of Mid-Eastern original and the other of Chinese origin. These residua were separated into fractions using preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Room temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments of SEC separated petroleum-derived fractions are described. A variation of free radical concentration with different molecular weight fractions was observed. Significant increase in free radical concentration was observed in the 1000-2500 amu range. This is in the molecular weight range postulated to be necessary for formation of the mesophase state observed in carbonaceous pitches during conversion to coke and carbon by thermal treatment.


We review the theoretical and experimental status of heavy flavour production at HERA. The results presented include charm and beauty photoproduction, charm production in DIS as well as quarkonium production.


Since particulate concentration has rapidly increased caused by the use of motorized vehicles, buildings located adjacent to traffic are suffered from this type of pollution. Solid and massive obstruction covered with climbing vegetation is studied. The result shows a strong indication that furry-leaf climbing vegetation was capable of depositing more particulates compare to waxy-leaf.


The interactions of biomolecules with atomic features on crystal surfaces lead to dramatic changes in morphology and growth rate. Molecular scale studies based on atomic force microscopy and computational modeling have provided new insights into the mechanisms that lead to these changes. We examine the key factors that are emerging from those studies and link the mechanisms of modification to the underlying structural and chemical relationships between modifier and crystal surface.


The present invention relates to a satellite communication system and method based on a digital video broadcasting-return channel via satellite (DVB-RCS), which includes a district center and at least one very small aperture terminal having a first satellite very small aperture terminal and a second very small aperture terminal. When the district center receives a logon request from the second very small aperture terminal, the district center determines whether the first very small aperture terminal operates in a normal condition and permits the second very small aperture terminal to logon if the first very small aperture terminal does not operate in normal condition. [Reference numerals] (200) Satellite communication system; (211) Link control processor; (212) Packet data processor; (220) First ultra-small caliber satellite base station; (230) Second ultra-small caliber satellite base station


1 Abstract. The new recently developed economic situation in Europe requires employees to be able to acquire new skills quickly and adapt to the changing environment. Demand for the highly skilled employees is constantly growing and learning becomes a part of the daily routine. Employees are studying after office hours, therefore, there is a high demand for the training curriculums that would help employees to acquire new knowledge within short time periods and would be highly efficient and effective. It is critical to understand how much an employee can learn during this time, and whether it is possible to teach a person to think faster. The effect the training courses offered by the authors is an ability to think and analyse information faster, develop and assess alternative solutions, reach plausible decisions. The research conducted by the authors is devoted to the speed memorizing and speed reading techniques. The author has developed the training program, tested it on multiple groups and introduced it in practice. The training program provides with an effective and measurable practical results. Objective of this training program is to increase the speed of reading and memorizing for more than three times during a six day course. The authors has also developed an advanced training program to improve mental capacity, expand possibilities of memorizing data. The program develops skills of effective interoperability when working with extensive volumes of information. This research is based on the author's study conducted in 1999 - 2012 and contains data of training results of 4,587 people.


The work in oceanography in British Columbia during 1935 was largely centered in the activities of the Biological Board of Canada at the two main stations, Nanaimo and Prince Rupert, and several subsidiary field-stations for carrying on special investigations. Cooperating with the Biological Board and contributing to these activities, the University of British Columbia, the Hydrographic Service, the Meteorological Service of Canada, and the Naval Service of Canada may be specifically mentioned. There were 18 members of the regular staff of the Board and 12 voluntary workers during the year. Outside of the Province, several others have contributed by working on material or data supplied from this coast. During the year 68 papers were published.


As the technology advances, the pin number of a high-end PCB design keeps increasing. The staggered pin array is used to accommodate a larger pin number than the grid pin array of the same area. Nevertheless, escaping a large pin number to the boundary of a dense staggered pin array, namely multilayer escape routing for staggered pin arrays, is significantly harder than that for grid pin arrays. This paper addresses this multilayer escape routing problem to minimize the number of used layers in a staggered pin array for manufacturing cost reduction. We first present an escaped pin selection method to assign a maximal number of escaped pins in the current layer and also to increase useful routing regions for subsequent layers. Missing pins are also modeled in our routing network to utilize the routing resource effectively. Experimental results show that our approach can significantly reduce the required layer number for escape routing.


SUMMARY GNSS technology is used for many applications: The surveying industry uses GNSS for monitoring the continental drift, stakeout fixed-points, measuring maps of areas and many other location based services. The construction industry uses GNSS for machine control and logistics, agriculture for precise farming, power steering assists and other tasks like bringing out manure, harvesting and plowing. Over the last 10 years GNSS has also entered many daily life applications like car navigation and location based services (Google Maps, Facebook). But GNSS is also used as a sensor for many safety-critical applications: the example of guided lading approach of airplanes is well known, but it is less known that GNSS – and here specifically the Open Service of the US NAVSTAR GPS – is used as a crucial sensor for timing and synchronization of reference stations for telecommunication, electrical power supplies, exchange markets and banks. For many years, the availability and faultless function of GNSS has been taken for granted. Jamming (intentional interference targeting the unavailability of the system) as well as spoofing (faking of a false position/time towards a target GNSS receiver) was no concern for nearly all users except the military.


The vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based on graded distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) consisted of a top mirror of 20 pairs of AlxGa1-xAs/AlyGa1-yAs (x=0~0.9, y=0~0.12) quarter-wave stacks and a bottom mirror of 34 pairs of AlyGa1-yAs/AlxGa1-xAs quarter-wave stacks has been demonstrated. Using two proposed transfer matrix methods, the simulation of DBR reflectivity depending on temperature refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs and AlyGa1-yAs are discussed and investigated. The simulation results could be achieved to well predicted the DBR performance under operating temperature variances, i.e., the temperature on varying reflectivity and full width half maximum (FWHM), wavelength stop-band shifts of the laser reflector, where using the multi-layer films evolution software of essential Macleod and modified transfer matrix method, respectively. Under our simulation, assuming the physically VCSEL device feature such as the linear grading DBR structure sandwiched with a n-type GaAs substrate and air films, we have systematically studied the temperature effects on the key parameters of top and bottom DBR schemes. In contrast with the temperature dependent DBR on the 850nm-VCSEL characteristics simulated with the above two transfer methods, the temperature varying spectra of VCSEL are agreed with the our simulated results presented in this paper. Also the temperature dependent model of DBR based on refractive index of graded multi-AlxGa1-xAs/ AlyGa1-yAs has been proposed. So, a series of optoelectronic measurements experimentally confirm our results again. The maximum reflectivity of the top and bottom DBRs are 96.4 and 99.98%, respectively. The central wavelengths of the bandwidth spectra in the top and bottom DBR are same. i.e., 840nm. These results can be obtained the criteria for the high performance VCSEL design. The far-field patterns of transverse electromagnetic fields confined in <15μm active-layer aperture of selectively oxidized VCSEL have been observed.


The goal of this study was to identify the moderated mediating effect of family member's gambling problem on the connection between abuse, emotion regulation and problem gambling. To this end, a research model was tested among 642 adults (men: 473, women: 169) who gambled at least once a year and had been categorized as problem gamblers based on the CPGI score (8 and above). The study results were as follows: for men, abuse was identified to have a direct effect on problem gambling and an indirect influence on problem gambling by lowering their emotion regulation. In addition, men who experienced much abuse and had a family member with a gambling problem were found to suffer with a gambling problem of higher severity. This indicates that family member's gambling problem moderates the connection between abuse and gambling problem. As for women, history of domestic abuse affected emotion regulation, but emotion regulation did not mediate the connection between abuse and gambling problem. This study has its significance as it identifies the mechanism of family member's gambling problem from the perspective of developmental psychopathology, in addition to the mechanism of emotion regulation and gambling problem on the developmental path that negative childhood experience can lead to adjustment problem in adulthood.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of various types fuzzy delta $(\delta)$ compactness such as Quasi fuzzy delta compact, Quasi fuzzy countably delta compact, Weakly fuzzy delta compact, $a$-delta compact, Strong fuzzy delta compact, Ultra fuzzy delta compact and Fuzzy delta compact and characterize these types of fuzzy delta compactness using the notion of fuzzy upper limit of net of some types of delta $(\delta)$ closed sets.


The excitation of the dominant TM surface wave on an axial-cylindrical reactive surface is discussed. The surface wave launcher consists of a perfectly conducting, infinitely thin cylindrical surface of radius b coxial with a cylindrical reactive surface of a radius a where b > a . The reactive surface extends from -\infty , and the perfectly conducting surface extends from -\infty . The incident field is the dominant TM mode in the coaxial portion of the structure propagating in the positive z -direction. Numerical results are obtained for the reflected field, the surface wave field, and the radiation field. These results are then compared with the results that use two approximate aperture distributions. This method of excitation was very efficient over a large range of frequencies and over wide variations in the surface reactance.


Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is often secondary to intestinal dysmotility and several other predisposing conditions. Treatment of SIBO typically includes antibiotics and treatment of underlying etiology. Identification and treatment of the underlying modifiable causes is critical for management of refractory and recurrent SIBO. We report here a case of scleroderma with small bowel dysmotility and bacterial overgrowth, on different occasions the patient failed to respond to Rifaximin. We showed that restoring small bowel motility is critical in maintaining the effectiveness of Rifaximin in the treatment of SIBO. Rifaximin resistance may also develop following prolonged use of antibiotics. Rotation of antibiotic regimen is important to prevent drug resistance.


PURPOSE: Financial reimbursement programs (FRPs) offset out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses from therapeutic clinical trial (TCT) participation. The study explores patients' experience in TCTs after enrollment in a FRP at two academic medical centers, including barriers and opportunities to improve trial participation. METHODS: From May 2019 to January 2020, adults diagnosed with cancer and eligible for TCTs and FRP were recruited from the Improving Patient Access to Cancer Clinical Trials randomized trial at the University of California San Francisco and University of Southern California. Patients with income ≤ 700% of national poverty guidelines were eligible. Semistructured interviews were conducted in patients' preferred language. Qualitative analysis was performed by site and preferred language by two independent coders. RESULTS: Of 65 trial patients, 53 participated (38%, University of California San Francisco; 62%, USC). The median age was 59 (IQR, 46-65) years, and 58% were female. Nearly half (49%) identified as Latinx/Hispanic compared with 32% non-Hispanic White, 10% Asian, 4% Black, 1% Native American, and 4% Others. A third were non-English speakers, 42% had college education or more, and 55% were retired/unemployed. Most common malignancies were gastrointestinal (42%), breast (19%), and genitourinary (13%), and 66% had metastatic disease. Patients experienced long travel time (1-4.5 hours) among 57% and financial toxicity from OOP costs (68%). High acceptability of the FRP was reported (81%). Although 30% of patients reported willingness to discuss finances of cancer treatment/trial with physicians, majority (87%) preferred discussion with social workers or TCT staff. Proposed modifications to TCTs included decentralization, recruitment strategies, voucher structure, and established rates for OOP expenses. CONCLUSION: Patients' experience with TCTs reveal financial and logistical stressors that may be lessened by the Improving Patient Access to Cancer Clinical Trial reimbursement program. FRPs may address inequities in clinical trial access among low-income and diverse populations.


This paper presents a hardware-friendly solution for external memory bandwidth reduction focusing in the state-ofart video encoders, like H.264/AVC and HEVC. The proposed approach is based on reference frame compression using an adaptation of the traditional Huffman algorithm and is a lossless solution. This solution is entitled RFCAVLC8t (Reference Frame Context Adaptive Variable-Length Coder with 8 tables) and is based on the use of static Huffman tables. The RFCAVLC8t is a hardware-friendly version of the Huffman algorithm and it uses eight static tables to avoid the cost of the on-the-fly Huffman statistical analysis. The best table to encode a block is defined using a context evaluation, resulting in a context-adaptive configuration. The use of RFCAVLC8t reached an average compression rate higher than 31% for the evaluated video sequences. The RFCAVLC8t hardware (Coder and Decoder) was designed and synthesized to an FPGA device. The RFCAVLC8t design is able to reach real-time encoding for WQSXGA (3200 x 2048 pixels) at 30 fps.


Abstract Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha stocked in Lake Superior since 1967 to diversify the sport fishery were suspected of reproducing. An abundance of naturalized chinook salmon would reduce the need for hatchery fish but also would decrease our ability to manage chinook populations and their effect on the Lake Superior fish community. Our study objective was to determine the relative contribution of hatchery and wild fish to chinook salmon populations in Lake Superior. All chinook salmon stocked in Lake Superior in 1988, 1989, and 1990 were marked with an agency-specific fin clip. Contribution of these marked year-classes were determined from their representation in sampled sport fisheries and spawning runs. Hatchery fish made up 9, 25, 32, and 57% of chinook salmon sampled in Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota waters of Lake Superior during 1990–1994. Hatchery chinook salmon stocked by each state or provincial agency were caught in each of the other Lake Superior jurisdictions, and ...


We evaluated the diversity of epiphytic bromeliads in a managed and unmanaged area of acai palm ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in the Environmental Protection Area of Island Combu, Belem, Para. Two plots of 1 ha each were demarcated and subdivided into four plots of 50 x 50 m, we registered all bromeliads with the aid of binoculars and free climbing. To identify the species we used identification keys, specialized literature and comparison with herbarium specimens. We verified the vertical distribution and calculated the epiphytic importance value, the diversity indexes of Shannon (H') and the inverse of Simpson (1/D) and the similarity indexes of Sorensem and Jaccard. In the area of managed acai palms were registered 1,012 individuals, in four genera and seven species, in the unmanaged area were recorded 399 individuals, into four genera and six species. Guzmania lingulata and Vriesea amazonica had a greater number of individuals and epiphytic highest importance value in both areas. The diversity in the managed area was H'=0.44 and 1/D=2.4 and the estimated species number was about 9.  The unmanaged area presented H'=0.39 and 1/D=1.8 and the estimated species number was close to 8. We conclude that the traditional management of the acai palm did not influenced the diversity of epiphytic bromeliads. Keywords: ecological association; traditional management; Amazon estuary.


Three kinds of combustion chambers with different ratios of diameter to depth were designed under the condition of keeping compression ratio of a diesel engine invariable,and the influences of fuel injection timing and combustion chamber geometry on combustion process,soot and NOx emissions of a diesel engine were investigated by using CFD numerical simulation method.The results indicated that,as fuel injection time delayed,NOx emissions of the diesel engine with different combustion chamber bowl geometry decreased and soot emissions increased.In particular,the combustion chamber bowl with a lower ratio of the diameter to depth had a higher soot formation rate and a lower oxygenation rate,leading to the increase of soot emissions.Moreover,the regions with the temperatures of 1500~2400 K were important sites of soot formation.Too low temperatures were not beneficial to soot formation,while too high temperatures would promote oxygenation of soot.


With interest we read the letter titled "The Movahed Coronary Bifurcation Lesion Classification Offers Unlimited Optional Suffixes That Can Be Easily Used For Clinical Use or Coding Purposes,"1 published in your journal. Citing our new descriptive coronary bifurcation coding system,2 the authors claim that the Mohaved Coronary Bifurcation Lesion Classification3 is more practical and more descriptive than our new coding system. However, the authors are unable to give a clear answer as to how a classification system could be more descriptive that does not contain any information about coronary vessel sizes. We believe that information on vessel sizes is crucial not only for bifurcation definition but also for strategy planning and device selection. In our proposed model, we tried to summarize a bifurcation lesion with all the necessary information for a complete description with the help of a mathematical formula derived from the backbone of the classical Medina classification.4 Medina coronary bifurcation classification is the most widely accepted and used classification due to its simplicity. Therefore, our algorithm, which simply adds vessel size information after the Medina binary code, cannot be expected to be more difficult and confusing than the Mohaved Coronary Bifurcation Lesion Classification.


ABSTRACT
Most of the existing financial fraud detection techniques are faced with the problems of false positive, false negative and low operational efficiency in a dynamic real-time environment. In this work, an improved Debit Card Fraud Detection System (DCFDS) was designed to address these challenges. The architecture consists of three main parts which include forward-chaining rule-based reasoning, Bayesian statistics, and information visualization. These parts were used for querying some debit card transactions for anomalous behaviours and then graphically display the data for a more informed appreciation by the users. In rule-based reasoning, transactions having anomalous bahaviours based on defined bank operation rules were detected. On the strength that most Bayesian fraud detection software, from available records, assumed that there is no a priori reason for any incoming transaction to be fraudulent, the Bayesian statistics was used to compute a k-value which, based on Harold Jeffery's decision table (Jeffreys, 1939), provided an improved decision-making mechanism for further interrogation of detected anomalous transaction by users. Transaction data with anomalous behaviours were visualised graphically on a real-time basis using the model view controller architecture. The implementation was achieved by employing an object oriented programming language C#, with the data base created in Microsoft Structured Query Language. The effectiveness of DCFDS was evaluated using a questionnaire administered to 150 users randomly drawn from some commercial banks, microfinance banks and the Economic and Financial Crime Commission. When compared to the prevailing fraud detection techniques in the banking industry, this DCFDS significantly (p<0.05) detected more crimes. In addition, the mean interactions precision and calculated value using the Bayesian statistic k-factor ratings showed a highly significant (p<0.05) difference between using a visualization tool and other techniques. The use of the k-factor also reduces unnecessary investigations and leads to a saving of cost and time. These results showed that the new system was more efficient and effective in detecting actual fraudulent debit card transactions.


We improve the results from [EBS10] about the Eisenstein series $E_2(z)=1-24\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{nq^n}{1-q^n}$. In particular we show that there exists exactly one (simple) zero in each Ford circle and give an approximation to its location.


An arm part of a robot comprises a waist, a mechanical arm rotationally connected to the waist, a driver driving the mechanical arm to rotate and a transmission mechanism disposed between the mechanical arm and the driver, wherein the driver has an output shaft. The driver is disposed on the waist; the output shaft is rotationally disposed at the waist; the transmission mechanism comprises a first gear fixedly connected to the output shaft, a second gear fixedly sleeved at circumferential edge of the mechanical arm, a third gear meshed with the first gear and a fourth gear meshed with the second gear; the second gear and the third gear are relatively fixed. The arm part of the robot has a relatively low cost, and can bear a relatively big load; the connecting cable of the driver can be accessed from the external part of the arm part, so as not to wind or scrape with other members of the arm part. The present invention further provides a robot using the arm part of robot.