The Araneidae is a speciose family including web-spinning spiders that are very abundant in various terrestrial ecosystems. Sixty-five araneid species from 20 genera were collected during an inventory of riparian forests in southern Brazil. Among these were one new species, described here as Mangora piratini sp. nov. Also discovered were the previously unknown males of Alpaida citrina (Keyserling, 1893), A. octolobata Levi, 1988 and Testudinaria lemniscata (Simon, 1895), which are described here for the first time. Metazygia floresta Levi, 1995, Ocrepeira malleri Levi, 1993 and Testudinaria quadripunctata Taczanowski, 1879 are recorded for the first time for Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.


Diesel low-temperature combustion (LTC) has great potential on ultra-low emissions for internal combustion engine and has been widely researched in recent years. In order to enhance the stability of diesel LTC and improve the transient performance during low temperature combustion and conventional combustion mode switching, accurate prediction of the in-cylinder combustion state in diesel engine is required, and the control strategy should be adjusted accordingly. A controloriented combustion model which consists of the dynamic model of the intake, compression, combustion, expansion and exhaust process of diesel LTC is developed basing on in-cylinder thermodynamic cycle. The model was verified and validated with experimental data. Comparison between the calculation result and the experimental data shows that in LTC combustion mode, the maximum calculation error of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) is -5.4%, and the maximum calculation error of crank angle for 50% burnt fuel (CA50) is 6.6%. The results prove that the state parameters of diesel engine could be predicted accurately with this model, which is fundamental for model-based control of diesel low temperature combustion.


In order to research vibration of transmission gears of main reducer,the simulation model of main reducer was discussed.Considering the nonlinear factors in gears transmission,such as gear backlash,meshing stiffness,and gear resultant error,an 8 degree of freedom nonlinear kinetics model with bending-torsional coupling vibration of main reducer was built,and three typical vibration modes,such as periodicity,quasi-periodicity and chaos,were analyzed,and the influences of different parameters on the vibration of gear system and the relationship of system parameters and nonlinear characteristic values,such as correlation dimension(CD) and largest Lyapunov exponent(LLE),were discussed.Results showed that the vibration states varied with the incentive frequency,the stiffness ratio and damping ratio with some regularity,CD and LLE were sensitive enough to main reducer vibration states,and they could be used as the quantification factors of recognizing signal features and level.The result was verified by the analysis of three types of real signals from a main reducer performance test bed.


Noise control in the interior of a rotorcraft is of significant importance due to the presence of noise levels of the order 100 dB and above concentrated around discrete peaks in a wide frequency range of about 50 Hz-5500 Hz. Hence, in related noise reduction (NR) efforts, one is required to attenuate sound fields with many dominant tones. Noise control efforts initially focused on controlling harmonic disturbances which were recently extended to include disturbances with multiple frequency components. The analytical models included those developed using state-space techniques and were implemented using feedforward and feedback control principles. In this study, numerical investigations into active noise control in a three dimensional enclosure are carried out using a state-space model. The identification of the structural-acoustic system is carried out using stochastic realization algorithms based on experimental input-output data. A digital controller based on LQG control techniques is developed and numerically implemented for disturbances with multiple frequency components.


In this paper,antiwear behaviour of 3 nm-diameter diakyldithiophosphate(DDP)coated ZnS nanoparticles as oil additive was investigated by a fourball wear tester,the morphology and elemental distribution of worn surface was examined with sanning electron microscopy (SEM)and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) respectively.The results show that DDP-coated ZnS nanoparticles as oil additive can effectively enhance the antiwear ability of the base oil at low additive concentration.SEM and EDS analyses indicate that a boundary film rich of Zn,S and P elements was formed during the friction process.This contributes to the good antiwear ability of DDP-coated ZnS nanoparticles as oil additive.


ABSTRACT The mechanisms that underpin ecological speciation, morphological convergence and the evolution of ecological morphotypes (ecomorphs) in squamates have allowed for a better appreciation of the speciation process in chameleons. In particular, attention has been drawn to several populations of chameleons (Sauria, Chamaeleonidae, Bradypodion) from the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa. Previous work suggested that these populations are genetically divergent, but with strong similarities in phenotype. Using an integrative taxonomic approach that accounts for genetic diversity, habitat and morphology, three of these populations are described as species. One population is from an isolated forest patch and is genetically different at the species level, but morphologically similar to Bradypodion damaranum (Boulenger, 1887) from forested areas in the Knysna region. Although not sister species, the two are in the same clade and probably diverged through vicariance of the forest. Two other populations are from fynbos habitat in adjacent mountain ranges (Tsitsikamma/Langkloof/Kouga mountains and Baviaanskloof Mountains) and are also morphologically similar, but genetically divergent at the species level. These two species are not sister taxa and are not in the same clade yet have a virtually identical phenotype presumably as the result of convergent evolution for the fynbos habitat. Within the context of morphological taxonomy, these populations have been difficult to evaluate. However, when viewed in the context of ecological speciation, convergence and morphological conservatism, the species boundaries are apparent, allowing for them to be described as new taxa.


Spatial reuse in a wireless network can allow multiple communications to proceed concurrently. Usually it seems that the more concurrent transmissions are allowed, the more the aggregate throughput can be sought. Unfortunately, to increase the level of spatial reuse, medium access control (MAC) protocols should either reduce the transmit power or increase the carrier sense (CS) threshold dynamically, which will make the SINR at the receiver decrease. With the decrease of SINR, the data rate sustained by each transmitter will also decrease, which counteracts the gain of simultaneously transmissions and leads to the degradation of network performance. The conflict among SINR and spatial reuse of the data rate suggests that there should be a tradeoff between them. In this paper, on the basis of theoretical analysis, we propose a dynamic joint control (JC) mechanism to adjust transmit power, sense threshold and data rate, based on the former transmit status, to increase the level of spatial reuse and improve performance in terms of aggregate throughput and energy efficiency.


Prediction intervals provide a measure of the probable interval in which the outputs of a regression model can be expected to occur. Subsequently, these prediction intervals can be used to determine if the observed output is anomalous or not, conditioned on the input. In this paper, a procedure for determining prediction intervals for outputs of nonparametric regression models using bootstrap methods is proposed. Bootstrap methods allow for a non-parametric approach to computing prediction intervals with no specific assumptions about the sampling distribution of the noise or the data. The asymptotic fidelity of the proposed prediction intervals is theoretically proved. Subsequently, the validity of the bootstrap based prediction intervals is illustrated via simulations. Finally, the bootstrap prediction intervals are applied to the problem of anomaly detection on aviation data.


SUMMARY.

In the laboratory, the larval food plants of Opomyza germinationis L. are, oate, wheat, barley, Lolium perenne, L. italicum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Poa trivialis and Cynosurus cristata. In the field, only a few larvae were found in the cereals, the chief host plants being the grasses. The injury is similar to that caused by the larva of Oscinella frith.

There are three larval instars and pupation takes place inside the host plant near the ground. Adults emerge in mid-June and live until early November.

In the laboratory eggs were laid in September and October either on the plants generally near the ground level or on the soil near the seedlings.

A description is given of the three larval instars, the egg and the puparium.


Abstract Background: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are prevalent and psychologically distressful dermatologic conditions. Various treatment modalities have been tried but without complete success by any one method. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of a combination of intense pulsed light (IPL) device and intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with respect to the recovery of skin barrier function. Methods: Totally 52 Korean patients were treated by the combined treatment at 4–8-week intervals. Using digital photographs, changes in scar appearance were assessed with modified Vancouver Scar Scale (MVSS), physicians' global assessment (PGA) and patient's satisfaction score. In 12 patients, the stratum corneum (SC) barrier function was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and SC capacitance. Results: Most scars demonstrated significant clinical improvement in MVSS, PGA and patient's satisfaction score after the combined therapy. A significant decrease of TEWL and elevation of SC capacitance were also documented after the treatment. Conclusion: The combination therapy (IPL + corticosteroid injection) not only improves the appearance of keloids and hypertrophic scars but also increases the recovery level of skin hydration status in terms of the skin barrier function.


SUMMARY. The study of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes of combined acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an urgent problem of modern medicine. The aim – to determine the relationship between the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP 4), C1q/Tumor necrosis factor related protein 3 (CTRP 3) and echocardiographic parameters in patients with AMI in the presence of type 2 DM. Material and Methods . The study involved examination of 134 patients with AMI. The first group consisted of 60 atients with AMI and the second group comprised 74 patients with AMI and type 2 DM. The control group included 20 healthy individuals. The content of FABP 4 and CTRP 3 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results . Group 1 patients were shown to have a relationship between FABP 4 and end-diastolic size (EDS) (r=-0.458, p<0.01), end-systolic size (ESS) (r=-0.460, p<0.01), end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r=-0.452, p<0.01), left atrium (r=-0.487, p<0.01), left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM) (r=-0.411, p<0.01), LVMM index (r=-0.419, p<0.01) and between CTRP 3 and EDS (r=0.469, p<0.01), EDV (r=0.425, p<0.01), stroke volume (r=0.407, p<0.05), the relative thickness of the posterior wall of the LV (RPWLVT) (r=-0.469, p<0.01). Group 2 patients were found to have a relationship between FABP 4 and ESS (r=-0.452, p<0.01), end-systolic volume (r=-0.482, p<0.01), LVMM (r=-0.424), p<0.01), LVMMI (r=-0.464, p<0.01), LV ejec tion fraction (EF) (r=0.402, p<0.01) and between CTRP 3 and EDS (r=0.402, p<0.01), EDV (r=0.424, p<0.01), LV EF (r=-0.465, p<0.05). Conclusion. In Groups 1 and 2, echocardiographic parameters had reliably low inverse correlations with FABP 4 and low direct correlations with CTRP 3, except for RPWLVT and EF.


The digital image transmission IC digitizes and compresses picture signals from a camera for transmission over a twisted paired cable, allowing easy and inexpensive application in household video monitoring systems. Three types of integrated circuits have been developed. An encoder IC which subjects the digitized video signals to data compression and sends and receives control signals; a decoder IC that receives video data from the encoder IC and outputs composite analog video signals; and a hybrid IC which integrates an encoder IC with the majority of its peripheral circuits (including A/D conversion circuits and memory). The main specifications of the three ICs are indicated. >


In the present study, renewable green fuel is produced using a by-product generated during the purification process of palm oil refinery, known as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD has been considered as the most promising biodiesel feedstock despite its drawbacks of high free fatty acid (FFA) and water content. In order to overcome these problems, the organophosphonic acid-functionalized rice husk silica (OP-RHS) catalyst was used in esterification of PFAD. Parametric study has been conducted and the optimal conditions were found to be: MeOH:oil molar ratio of 15:1 and 8 wt.% catalyst amount at 100 °C, yielding highest methyl ester content 88.6% at 8 h reaction time. The catalyst could maintain a high catalytic activity (> 80 %) even during the fourth cycles. The research results show that OP-RHS is a potential catalyst for biodiesel production using high FFA and moisture content feedstock.


Wound infection post-surgery contributes extensively at the healthcare cost, translated not only by the direct care, but also for the medical leave that most patients request it. Every step is essential for achieving a successful surgery. A suitable incision is most helpful for both patient and surgeon alike. This review focuses on the multiple types of incisions used in gynecological field.


Choosing Xinjiang as a potential tourist destination and the residents from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu as potential tourists, the paper herein analyzes the dimensions of tourists' perception of safety to Xinjiang as well as the differences among them who come from different cities. What we found is as follows: (1) Tourists' perception of safety to Xinjiang includes five dimensions, such as elements of tourist activities, tourism services, social safety, natural disasters, and cultural conflict. (2) There are significant differences in five dimensions of perception of safety in Xinjiang among tourists from different regions. (3) There are differences in the perception of safety to Xinjiang among tourists from different regions while they share something in common in the four dimensions, such as elements of tourist activities, tourism services, social safety and cultural conflicts.


Cloud computing provides an economical and efficient solution for sharing group resource among the cloud users. Sharing data in a multi-owner manner while preserving data and identity privacy from an un-trusted cloud is still a challenging issue, due to the frequent change of the members. Mona is a secure Multi-Owner data sharing scheme which leverages the group signature and dynamic broadcast encryption technique. Even though Mona is considered to be secure, if a new user joins the group, he can access any data present before he joined the group. If any user leaves the group, the user may share or sell the data. In this paper a new technique is proposed in which the whole file will be encrypted by the admin and passed to the specified authorized users along with key to decrypt the file and the key will be based on one time password technique which provides more security for group communication.


Changes in the optical response of a CdTe quantum dot (QD) due to dynamic and surface effects are investigated using ab initio methods. The model successfully captures experimentally reported non‐linear trends in the optical spectra. The combination of ab initio molecular dynamics, time‐dependent DFT, and optical spectroscopy provides a very effective method to investigate various dynamic effects on very small QDs, and to explore generalizable trends for similar structures.


The discovery of polyurethane [PU] dates back to the year 1937 by Otto Bayer and his coworkers at the laboratories of I.G. Farben in Leverkusen, Germany. The initial works focussed on PU products obtained from aliphatic diisocyanate and diamine forming polyurea, till the interesting properties of PU obtained from an aliphatic diisocyanate and glycol, were realized. Polyisocyanates became commercially available in the year 1952, soon after the commercial scale production of PU was witnessed (after World War II) from toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and polyester polyols. In the years that followed (1952-1954), different polyester-polyisocyanate systems were developed by Bayer.


This study is a contribution to forecasting low summer stream flows in an oceanic region where long periods without rain are exceptional. The field work for this study has been carried out in two little mountainous basins (average altitude : 1 097 m and 912 m). Drainage areas are the sames (159 km2) and the precipitation from May to November in the river basins is about 500 mm. But the geological conditions in both basins are not at ail the same : one basin is almost made of basalts (Allanche), the other of granits and gneisses. Comparative analysis shows that each river has its own depletion rythm and that the basin storage discharges, in the same conditions of initial discharge, rain and temperature, is 2.2 quicker in the crystalline basin than in the basaltic one.


According to statistics Korea, the number of people with respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease is increasing. Especially, young children, oldster and chronic patients, who have asthma, cardiac insufficiency, and so on, need to be often measured their ECG and respiratory signal. However it ...


We present a standardization model for the measurement of specific polypeptides and proteins, which is based on an integrated development of all important elements of a reference measurement system. Generally, the model is in line with other current recommendations. However, it puts special emphasis on the definition of the analyte and on the role of reference methods for verification of the standardization process by measurement of patient specimens. Further, we discuss the needs for its implementation in the routine laboratory. In the light of this model, we investigate the current stage of standardization of routine methods for enzymes, peptide hormones, proteins, apolipoproteins, glycohaemoglobin, and tumour markers.


Very poor average bench The Nvidia GTX 960M averaged 79.8% lower than the peak scores attained by the group leaders. This isn't a great result which indicates that there are much faster alternatives on the comparison list. Strengths Avg. Locally-deformable PRT (Bat) 61.3fpsAvg. NBody particle system (Galaxy) 62.4fps Very good consistency The range of scores (95th - 5th percentile) for the Nvidia GTX 960M is just 13.7%. This is a relatively narrow range which indicates that the Nvidia GTX 960M performs reasonably consistently under varying real world conditions. Weaknesses Avg. High dynamic range lighting (Teapot) 41.5fpsAvg. Force Splatted Flocking (Swarm) 35.2fps


The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl),sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-) solution on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and active oxygen (ROS) and the membrane lipid peroxidation of Malus hupehensis seedling roots was investigated by water culture. The results showed that,the production rates of NO and superoxide anions (),as well as the accumulation of malondiadehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2),were all increased under iso-osmotic NaCl,Na+and Cl-salt solutions of the same concentration,and the increasing extent was in the following order:NaCl Cl- Na+. In addition, the increasing content caused by NaCl stress was lower than the sum of that caused by Na+and Cl-stress. It was demonstrated that Cl-took more important part in the induction of oxidation damage under NaCl stress, and stress response caused by NaCl treatment were not simple stack of those caused by Na+and Cl-stress individually.


A two-wavelength laser-diode (LD) interferometer has been constructed that is based on a phase-shifting technique with an electronic calibration. The phases are equally shifted in opposite directions to each other on an unbalanced interferometer using two wavelengths changed stepwise by separately varying the currents in dual LDs. A feedback interferometer is described with electronics to calibrate the phase shifts and to lock the interferometer on a phase-shift condition by controlling the bias and modulation currents of both LDs. The experimental result is shown to measure a diffraction grating with a 4.6 micrometers synthetic wavelength.


Previous studies in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) focused on shallower communities in and near reefs and did not investigate the organisms living in deeper waters that some apex predators rely on for food, e.g., some odontocetes forage at depths greater than 400 m. To examine the relationship between deep-diving odontocete predators and prey, a Simrad EK60 echosounder operating at 70 kHz collected acoustic abundance throughout the NWHI from May 7 to June 4, 2013. Visual and passive acoustic surveys for marine mammal presence were conducted concurrently with the echosounder. Two broad scattering layers were found, a deep layer from 325 to 670 m and a shallow layer from 0 to 195 m. The highest densities of both deep and shallow scattering organisms were associated with deep slopes of banks and atolls. Beaked and short-finned pilot whale sightings occurred in locations of high scattering density associated with slopes of atolls and banks. It is hypothesized that the high scattering organisms assoc...


We study the boundedness of all solutions for the following differential equation where are odd functions, is an even function, are smooth -periodic functions, is a nonzero constant, and is a small parameter. A sufficient and necessary condition for the boundedness of all solutions of the above equation is established. Moreover, the existence of Aubry-Mather sets is obtained as well.


The steam turbine has long held a place as an important prime mover for waterworks pump service. The high duties obtainable with turbine units from 10 to 100 million gallon capacity, are generally known and appreciated. Economies in first cost, upkeep and flexibility through speed adjustment as well as operating reliability, are all characteristics associated with these larger units. Less known are the developments in the field of smaller units. Until relatively recently the small turbine unit has been lacking in many of the respects which characterize the larger machines. In recent years, not to say months, considerable development has been made in these smaller sizes.


The cost of implementing automotive emission standards could be as high as $20 billion/yr, and the fuel penalty translates to the loss of several hundred thousand jobs in a gasoline-starved economy. The fuel penalty incurred in reaching the present standards is known to be at least 500,000 BPD of crude oil, and attaining the 1976 standards will raise the total penalty to 750,000-1,500,000 BPD. It is argued that the federal automotive emission standards are needlessly strict, and the costs to the American public may place the U.S. in financial peril. It is suggested that present standards need not be below the 1973 auto emission levels to achieve acceptable environmental conditions.


The wheat cultivar Yanzhan4110 was used for investigating the effects of soaking condition on water absorbent characteristic and vigor of wheat grain.The results showed that the seed soaked in low temperature water had low exudation amount of inclusions and imbibition rate under the same water absorption rate.Seed soaked in 30℃ water for 6 hours and 40℃ water for 4 hours had high simplified vigor index.It showed that suitable soaking condition was 30℃ water 6 hours.The reason was it that not only guarantee the seed germination rate and vigor,and alse is relatively suitable for mechanized seeding.


The study deals with social relations associated to the scientific field of Food and Nutrition (F&N) andtakes as its empirical reference to its development, the postgraduate programs included in the area called" Nutrition " under Coordination of Higher Education Improvement Personnel (CAPES) . We discussabout the functions of elements, positions, arguments, interests and rules which are introduced in thegame of researchers' formation and the production and acquisition of knowledge that occurs in the field ofF & N, starting from the concept of scientific field by Pierre Bourdieu. We consider that the field of F & Nis recent constituted, interdisciplinary and in a very intense activity process in order to build its scientificautonomy. This space is very susceptible to the influences of CAPES regarding to the criteria for assessmentsof postgraduate programs. Productivism - in its identity with the market's economy and competition betweenagents and their deleterious consequences on health - seems to present itself as a problem in this scientificfield. The interdisciplinarity which identifies this science field, involves assessment procedures that includesuch epistemic plurality, given to the remarkable biomedical hegemony in the assessment criteria of thepostgraduate field of F & N and health area. Rating is a difficult construction process, which is essentialto assume the existence of different cultures between the sciences, besides the importance and necessityof mutual support between the agents so that the diversities are embraced and men are valued as human. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2014.13256


In the modern world, state-owned economy, a prevailing economic phenomenon, has become a major adjusting force of social economies. The development of stateowned enterprises of developed capitalist countries can provide the reform of state -owned enterprises in our country with excellent experiences.


251 altogether. The ruling Fulani classes, which seized the power from the indigenous population at the beginning of the last century, married their women, and their children grew up speaking the language of their mothers. The present generation knows no Fulani at all. Others who used to be nomadic cattle-owners became sedentary, and these are also rapidly giving up their own language. ' In every case Fulani is rapidly dying out, and Hausa is taking its place.' Conditions are different in Adamawa. Here the subject tribes are more primitive and therefore the impulse to intermix is weaker, and consequently the conquerors have remained purer in race and in language. , Fulani was even largely adopted by the native population, so that to a limited extent it has become almost a lingua franca in parts of Adamawa. But Fulani is of such a complicated structure that it is hardly ever correctly spoken by any non-Fulani African, so that a bastard type has grown up which then has begun to impinge on the language spoken by the Fulani themselves, with the result that they are apt to neglect such niceties as the changes in initial consonants and similar distinctions. The conclusion is that Fulani is disappearing in some parts and in others is undergoing a simplification in structural forms, which, grammatically speaking, is a deterioration. Most of the texts relate incidents of wars in which Fulani chiefs took a leading part, but there is also ' an account of the rulers of Adamawa who planned to abdicate in favour of their sons '. Rhymed verses are interspersed. The chief value of the book is linguistic. It provides material which deserves great appreciation for the study of both the structure and the vocabulary of the language. D. WESTERMANN.


Based on the analysis of surveying into geological condition of dam site,the durability of the curtain-grouting strengthened with chemical materials in some hydro-power station dam is analyzed from macroscopic and microscopic dynamic of groundwater as well as sludge in dam section 6.By researching into correlation of uplift and seepage discharge with reservoir water,the two characteristics turn out to be in close relation with reservoir water,appearing in shape of periodical variation.The oxidating process of organic part of chemical grouting material has caused a lower pH value of the groundwater in the section than reservoir water,with higher HCO-3.The value of Saturation Index is less than 1,in abbrev.as SI1,whereby indicating a good runoff condition in the corresponding part.It can be considered from the above conditions that the anti-seepage performance of curtain-grouting body of that dam section has been weakened locally.The experiment results indicate that the multiple index evaluation system is feasible and valid.


A 26-year-old male presented with decreased vision in left eye (OS) following an attack by a fish while swimming in a pond. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand movements in OS and 20/20 in right eye (OD). Fundus examination and ultrasonography B-scan confirmed the presence of traumatic endophthalmitis in OS. Wound exploration confirmed the presence of a foreign body near limbus, which was removed and found to be a cartilaginous fish tissue measuring 4.5 millimeters in length. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and intravitreal antibiotics were administered. The case highlights a rare form of ocular injury and its management.


A notion of entropy of a normal state on a finite von Neumann algebra in Segal's sense is considered, and its superadditivity is proven together with a necessary and sufficient condition for its additivity. Bounds on the entropy of the state after measurement are obtained, and it is shown that a weakly repeatable measurement gives minimal entropy and that a minimal state entropy measurement satisfying some natural additional conditions is repeatable.


The intensity modulation transfer function of a linear optical system is described using a time-dependent Muller-like matrix. Based on this description a novel measurement method for the combined effect of polarization mode dispersion and polarization-dependent loss is introduced.


Sparingly soluble inorganic salts such as BaSO4 and CaC2O4⋅2H2O are dissolved by soaking with an aqueous suspension containing a strongly acidic ion exchange resin, hydrogen form (H-R). The dissolution proceeds by the cation exchange reaction and can be traced by monitoring pH, specific conductivity (k, mS/cm) and ion (s) concentration (s) in the eluent.For the sake of simple operation and for avoiding contamination by foreign ions, the dissolution method, different from the conventional method in which mineral acid is used, may offer a promising technique to elucidate the reaction mechanism including cement hydration.The present work was undertaken to find a clue on the cement hydration chemistry and dealt with the dissolution process of portland cement powders. The dissolution was studied by batchwise addition of H-R to aqueous suspensions of cement with different degrees of hydration. Changes in pH and k during dissolution were compared for three kinds of cement, and analyzed quantitatively to discuss the dissolution based on the variations of dissolved amounts of constituent species for a rapid hardening cement (RHC).The results obtained are summerized as follows;(1) Dissolved Ca(OH)2 is exchanged preferentially with H-R accompanying steep decrease in both k and Ca2+. Sulfuric acid libereated from gypsum results in a predominant increase in k at the complete dissolution.(2) Changes in pH, k, Ca2+(%) and SO42-(%) are terminated by the addition of H-R of about ten times weight as much as cement powder used, then, a considerable solubility of molybdate reactive silicic (MRS) acid is observed.(3) Complete dissolution of unhydrated cement is confirmed by 100% dissolution of MRS acid, whereas the dissolution decreases with increasing degree of hydration. White silica gel precipitates for hydrated RHC (80°C, 72-280h) after the complete dissolution, indicating that all of Ca in C-S-H gel is also adsorbed by H-R as cement minerals.(4) Equivalent ionic conductivity of the MRS acid is estimated as low as 3.6S⋅cm2/mol. The result indicates that the MRS acid does not contribute to the increase in k during the dissolution as mentioned in (1).(5) This method is a useful technique for monitoring hydration characteristics and chemical changes taking place during early hydration of cement.


The rapid development of 3D technique has led to the dramatic increase in 3D data. The scalable and effective 3D object retrieval and classification algorithms become mandatory for large-scale 3D object management. One critical problem of view-based 3D object retrieval and classification is how to exploit the relevance and discrimination among multiple views. In this paper, we propose a multi-view hierarchical fusion network (MVHFN) for these two tasks. This method mainly contains two key modules. First, the module of visual feature learning applies the 2D CNNs to extract the visual feature of multiple views rendered around the specific 3D object. Then, the multi-view hierarchical fusion module we proposed is employed to fuse the multiple view features into a compact descriptor. This module can not only fully exploit the relevance among multiple views by intra-cluster multi-view fusion mechanism, but also discover the content discrimination by inter-cluster multi-view fusion mechanism. Experimental results on two public datasets, i.e., ModelNet40 and ShapeNetCore55, show that our proposed MVHFN outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods in both the 3D object retrieval and classification tasks.


e22541 Background: There is lack of data about desmoid tumors from India except case reports. It is not known how these patients are dealt with outside tertiary care centres who lack expertise. Methods: We retrospectively analysed all patients of DT from a prospectively maintained database who were referred to AIIMS Sarcoma Medical Oncology Clinic from January 2016 till 2019. Results: There were total of 56 patients with male: female ratio of 3:4. Median age was 26 (3-57) years. Extremity was most common site (57%) and median tumour size was 12 (range 3-20) cm. One patient (1.8%) had FAP and 1 (1.8%) had multifocal disease. A total of 27 patients received first treatment outside our institute and was primary surgery in all (100%). However, of the remaining 29 patients who primarily presented to us, surgery was done only in 3 (10%) because of patients choice and pelvic location. Five patients were kept under observation and all are doing well. Tamoxifen with celecoxib was most common first line therapy in 80% (40/50) with other options being sorafenib (6/50) and chemotherapy (4/50). Chemotherapy was used in abdomen (3/4) and head neck (1/4) primary patients. Menstrual irregularities including amenorrhoea was most common toxicity in 33% (13/40) with tamoxifen combination and a cause of concern in this cohort of young females leading to discontinuation of therapy inspite of SD in 54% (7/13) patients. Second line therapy was started in 20 patients with sorafenib being most common (13/20), others being chemotherapy (4/20), tamoxifen combination (2/20) and imatinib (1/20). Of all 19 patients on sorafenib, 10 (53%) experienced Hand Foot Syndrome. None discontinued sorafenib due to HFS. After median follow up of 15 months, median progression free survival (PFS) with first line was 29 months (11-46) and with second line it was not reached. There have been three deaths till date (5.3%), all were non-extremity primaries. Conclusions: In Indian setup, majority of patients presenting outside tertiary care centre undergo surgery as the first line therapy without any inclusion of medical therapy. This might be attributed to lack of awareness about medical therapy and natural trajectory of disease. Tamoxifen though was a commonly used option, led to toxicity which is of concern in young Indian patients leading to discontinuation. Sorafenib is well tolerable except HFS but longer follow up is needed for efficacy analysis.


I use the Corcoran–Smiley interpretation of Aristotle's syllogistic as my starting point for an examination of the syllogistic from the vantage point of modern proof theory. I aim to show that fresh logical insights are afforded by a proof-theoretically more systematic account of all four figures. First I regiment the syllogisms in the Gentzen–Prawitz system of natural deduction, using the universal and existential quantifiers of standard first-order logic, and the usual formalizations of Aristotle's sentence-forms. I explain how the syllogistic is a fragment of my (constructive and relevant) system of Core Logic. Then I introduce my main innovation: the use of binary quantifiers, governed by introduction and elimination rules. The syllogisms in all four figures are re-proved in the binary system, and are thereby revealed as all on a par with each other. I conclude with some comments and results about grammatical generativity, ecthesis, perfect validity, skeletal validity and Aristotle's chain principle.


The aim of this article is to help technophobic teachers to use a free and easy-to-use online survey to investigate their students' opinions and beliefs about the learning and teaching in the classroom. This article would also help technophobic teachers who were used to analyzing the results manually by counting the students' responses from the traditional paper-based questionnaires/surveys to instantly and conveniently use online surveys to get qualitative and quantitative data from their students' responses with just a few clicks. In this article, the researcher will share the following aspects: 1) the need to use online surveys at secondary and postsecondary level; 2) the definition of technophobia and the need to train technophobic teachers to use technology; 3) the definition of an online survey; 4) and a sharing of how to create an online survey that can be easily made by one of the online survey providers on the Web.


In this paper a two dimensional (2D) rectangular recessed channel–silicon on insulator metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (RRC-SOI MOSFET), using the concept of groove between source and drain regions, which is one of the channel engineering technique to suppress the short channel effect (SCE). This suppression is mainly due to corner potential barrier of the groove and the simulation is carried out by using ATLAS 2D device simulator. To have further improvement of SCE in RRC-SOI MOSFET, three more devices are designed by using dual material gate (DMG) and gate dielectric technique, which results in formation of devices i.e. DMRRC-SOI,MLSMRRC-SOI, MLDMRRC-SOI MOSFET. The effect of different structures of RRC-SOI on AC and RF parameters are investigated and the importance of these devices over RRC MOSFET regarding short channel effect is analyzed.


Optic neuritis (ON) is often the initial symptom of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐associated disease (MOGAD). We aimed to compare the frequency and pattern of chiasmatic lesions in MOGAD‐related ON (MOGAD‐ON) and NMOSD‐related ON (NMOSD‐ON) using conventional brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) in Latin America (LATAM).


Moral attentiveness is a useful concept to investigate ethical decision-making and explain individual differences in the amount of attention paid to moral aspects of life. Although cultural influences on ethics have been documented, little is known about the affect of culture on moral attentiveness. Using a theoretical framework based on Hofstede's typology and social cognition theory and a research sample from Taiwan and the United States, this study examines the impact of culture on moral attentiveness. The results demonstrate that moral attentiveness may differ across cultures and thus influence how businesspeople respond to ethical dilemmas in a globalized business world.


Electrical transport through a normal-metal/superconductor contact at biases smaller than the energy gap can occur via the reflection of an electron as a hole of opposite wave vector. The same mechanism of electron-hole reflection gives rise to low-energy states at the surface of unconventional superconductors having nodes in their order parameter. The occurrence of electron-hole reflections at normal-metal/superconductor interfaces was predicted independently by Saint-James and de Gennes and by Andreev, and their spectroscopic features were discussed in detail by Saint-James in the early sixties. They are generally called Andreev reflections but, in view of the literature, will here be referred to as Andreev\char21{}Saint-James (ASJ) reflections. This review presents a historical review of ASJ reflections and spectroscopy in conventional superconductors, and reviews their application to the high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates. The occurrence of ASJ reflections in all studied cuprates is well documented for a broad range of doping levels, implying that there is no large asymmetry between electrons and holes near the Fermi level in the superconducting state. In the underdoped regime, where the pseudogap phenomenon has been observed by other methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and Giaever tunneling, gap values obtained from ASJ spectroscopy are smaller than pseudogap values, indicating a lack of coherence in the pseudogap energy range. Low-energy surface bound states have been observed in all studied hole-doped cuprates, in agreement with a dominant $d$-wave symmetry order parameter. Results are mixed for electron-doped cuprates. In overdoped $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{\delta}l0.08)$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, ASJ spectroscopy is consistent with the presence of an additional imaginary component of the order parameter. Results of ASJ spectroscopy under applied magnetic fields are also reviewed. A short section at the end is devoted to some recent results on spin effects.


Digital image processing techniques has widely used in several research field,especially in aviation establishing.This paper introduces characteristics of MATLAB language and classical image processing technique realized by using image processing toolbox to introduce image processing through tool functions and algorithms. It is applied to pre-processing operations for a chip photograph, by experiment it proved that MATLAB possesses powerful capability to matrix operation and image processing. MATLAB can be used to simulation tests, that will improve efficiency of experiment greatly.


Based on the conception of fuzzy self-tuning PD parameters,an approach of retarder control is proposed,which can fuzzy self-tune the parameters of car retarder control system for hump yard according to speed regulating process.Aiming at the characteristics of car retarder control system and its performance requirement,a fuzzy self-tuning PD controller for retarder control is designed.It takes speed error and its change as fuzzy variables to determine the fuzzy control rules.Using the determined rules,the parameters of PD controller is adjusted on-line,which can be adapted well to required speed and the process parameter variation of retarder feedback control.This control approach is applied to a hump yard speed control system.The experimental results show that the fuzzy self-tuning PD controller has better performance,and is more robust than normal PD controller.It is useful to improve the speed control precision of retarder control system.


The fact that we try to make sense of our own and others' behavior in terms of thoughts and feelings is unique to us as humans. This capacity is termed mentalizing, or theory of mind, and has proven to be a hugely influential construct for understanding individual differences in development across the life span. Over the last two decades, mentalizing has become embedded in theories that attempt to explain child-parent attachment security as well as children's socioemotional functioning. This dissertation aimed to a) review the existing literature on parents' and children's mentalizing in relation to child-parent attachment security, b) extend the existing research on parents' mentalization by investigating whether mothers' and fathers' mentalizing (i.e., mind-mindedness) predicts variation in children's emotion regulation and behavioral functioning, and c) investigate whether parents' mentalizing is changeable through intervention.


Consider a workstation with one server, performing jobs with a service time, Y, having distribution function, G(t). Assume that the station is unreliable, in that it occasionally breaks down. The station is instantaneously repaired, and the server restarts the uncompleted job from the beginning. Let T denote the time it takes to complete each job. If G(t) is exponential with parameter A, then because of the lack-of-memory property of the exponential, P (T > t) = Ḡ(t) =exp(−γt), irrespective of when and how the failures occur. This property also characterizes the exponential distribution.


The objectives of the study were to identifity the influence of attitude,
subjective norm, perceived behavior control and habit on intention and to
analyze the influence of intention and perceived behavioral control to the
behavior of buying processed meat product. One hundred fifty (150)
working housewives, determined by sampling method were used in the
study. The instrument was used questionnaire that had been analized for
the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by simple and multiple
regression analysis. The results indicated that attitude (p<0,01), perceived
control (p<0,01) and habit (p<0,01) variables had influence to the
intention, however that norm subjective (p>0,05) had no significant
influnce to the intention of buying processed meat product. There were
42% of the intention of buying there were indicated by attitude, subjective
norm, perceived control and habit variables. Independently, it could be
seen that both intention variable (p<0,01) and perceived behavior control
variable (p<0,01) had influence to the behavior of buying processed meat
product. The behavior of buying processed meat product explained by
intention variable were 45%. The behavior of buying processed meat
product explained by perceived behavior control variable were 31%.


Abstract The department of civil engineering at the University of British Columbia has. over the past 15years, developed a number of courses in optimization and decision analysis. These courses originally emerged from research interests in water resources and the needs of the water resources program but have since become entrenched in the undergraduate core and are now expanding into a department-wide program at the graduate level. Experiences during the evolution of the programme are described. An outline of the author's views of a comprehensive teaching programme, which is now largely in place, is presented together with some of the difficulties the programme hopes to resolve.


Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic coupling between loop antennas is an emerging technology, which could solve difficulties and hazardous technical problems of wired power transmission. From several millimeters to several hundred millimeters, WPT technology has reached kilowatts power level with high grid load of efficiency, which has brought significant benefits to medical applications, automation systems, consumer electronics, etc. Yet, WPT systems are extremely sensitive to the alignment between the transmitting and the receiving coils. A dual transmitter topology has been proposed to overcome the misalignment problems and maintain high power transfer efficiency. Nevertheless, the misalignment sensitivity between the transmitters was not considered. A comparative study based on the Theory of Characteristic Modes between three different topologies of the transmitting systems in MHz level is conducted in this paper. To enhance the comparison, the power transfer efficiencies of the three models are calculated regarding the same positions of the receiver.


Part of the Animal Diseases Commons, Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Chemical and Pharmacologic Phenomena Commons, Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology Commons, Investigative Techniques Commons, Medical Pharmacology Commons, Medical Toxicology Commons, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons, Organic Chemicals Commons, Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons, Pulmonology Commons, Respiratory Tract Diseases Commons, and the Translational Medical Research Commons


: Objective: To review our ambulatory surgery institutional experience by a chest, drain removal before the extubation in thoracic sympathectomy surgery was the aim of this study. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis has been performed of patients who suffered thoracic sympathectomy. This study was conducted at Aziz Fatima hospital Faisalabad and the duration of this study was from November 2019 to July 2020. Results: The number of patients was seventeen who underwent thoracic bilateral sympathectomy during this research. During this study, 5 males were operated against 12 females. In the age ranging between 17 to 33 years, the average age was taken as 24.47 years. During all frame times, nothing such as chest X-ray disorder was identified. There was no question of developing respiratory distress during after operation period. Furthermore, no postoperative morbidities were found during the follow up. There was a level of complete satisfaction among all patients regarding the procedure at the finishing of the follow up. Conclusion: Provided the patient is well selected, the ambulatory thoracic surgery procedures can be securely & effectively applied. Large number of patients can be benefitted from alleviated thoracic surgery & the progress on operative mini-invasive techniques will go higher.


This paper describes a falling detection system by using two thermal array sensors. In the system, the sensors are attached to the ceiling and wall in a room, and acquire temperature distributions by each 16 × 16 pixels. The temperature distributions represent a state of temperature in the room, and they are analyzed to detect human falling. The falling is detected by time-series posture transition diagram and the sum of temperature. In our experiment, we measured the temperature distributions in a room modeled as private room in a nursing home. As the results, the system successfully detected the falling.


In this work a novel technique of impulsive noise removal in color images is proposed. The new approach is based on the calculation of costs of digital paths which link the central pixel of the processing window with its boundary. The minimum value of these costs serves as a measure of pixel impulsiveness. The output of the proposed filtering design is a weighted average of the central pixel and its robust estimate, calculated utilizing the measures of corruption assigned to pixels in the local neighborhood. The experiments performed on a set of standard color images revealed a very high effectiveness of the new filtering design, comparable with the most efficient methods known from the literature. Additionally, the new filter is extremely fast and therefore it can be applied in real time image enhancement scenarios.


This paper studies the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Oenothera biennis L. leaves using Box-Behnken design, and their in vitro antioxidant activity and structure. It is demonstrated that the optimum extraction conditions are: the ultrasonic power at 400 W, solvent-tosample ratio of 23:1 (mL/g), ultrasonication temperature at 53 °C, and time for 36 min, under which the yield of polysaccharides from Oenothera biennis L. leaves, namely 3.54%, remains close to the predicted value in the model. The assays of the scavenging effect on DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals, and of the reducing power indicate that polysaccharides from Oenothera biennis L. leaves possess strong antioxidant activity and certain relationship exists between their dose and effect in the concentration range of the experiment; Fourier IR spectroscopy reveals that characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharides can be seen from the sample; the DE-52 cellulose column chromatography, HPLC profiles, and GC-MS chromatogram identify the obtained OCP-2 as heteropolysaccharides, whose major components, including arabinose, mannose, galactose, and talose, have an average molecular weight of 5435 Da.


Disclosed are a method and device for transmitting channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs), which relate to the field of wireless communications and are used for reducing the waste of time-frequency resources. In the present invention, the method comprises: a network side sending CSI-RSs in resource elements (REs) in the previous X orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a downlink subframe or a downlink time slot, wherein X is a positive integer which is less than or equal to 3; and a terminal receiving the CSI-RSs on the REs in the previous X OFDM symbols in the downlink subframe or the downlink time slot. It can be seen that the present method realizes the solution of transmitting the CSI-RSs in the previous X OFDM symbols in the downlink subframe or the downlink time slot. When the solution is applied to a time division duplexing (TDD) guard band and a new carrier type (NCT) carrier, the previous X OFDM symbols in the subframe are fully used, and thus the waste of time-frequency resources is reduced.


Summary: Suspensions of neutrally buoyant particles in low Reynolds number, pressure-driven flows migrate from regions of high to low shear. When the particle density does not match that of the suspending fluid, buoyancy forces, as quantified by a dimensionless buoyancy number, determines the particle distribution. We use electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to visualize and quantify particle migration in pressure-driven pipe flow of monodisperse suspensions of dense or light particles and bidisperse suspensions of heavy and almost neutrally buoyant particles. The images reveal greater particle segregation for the suspensions at higher buoyancy numbers. Experiments with bidisperse suspensions reveal enhanced resuspension of the heavier particles. In addition for some flow conditions an adverse density gradient is observed with heavy suspension above light. Additionally, ERT imaging captured the developing concentration profile, revealing a complex evolution to fully developed flow. The particle distributions are reasonably well-predicted by a suspension transport model.


electronicimaging.org • Tel: +1 703 642 9090 • Fax: +1 703 642 9094 • firstname.lastname@example.com describe a study of the dimensionality of visual complexity in computer graphics scenes. We present an experiment where subjects judged the relative complexity of 21 high-resolution building, room, and tabletop scenes, rendered with photorealistic methods. Scenes were gathered from web archives and varied in theme, number and layout of objects, material properties, and lighting. Multidimensional scaling of pooled subject responses embeds the stimulus images in a two-dimensional space, with axes of "numerosity" and "material / lighting complexity". In a follow-up analysis, we derive a one-dimensional complexity ordering of the stimulus images and show discrepancies between this ordering and several computable complexity metrics, such as scene polygon count and JPEG compression size.


Objective:To study the curative effect of Tiapride Hydrochloride combined with psychological intervention in the treatment of children's chronic tic disorder.Methods:159 children with chronic tic disorder were divided into three groups.The first group was treated with Tiapride Hydrochloride combined with family therapy;the second group was treated only with Tiapride Hydrochlorid;the third group was treated only with family therapy.Results:After the treatment of Tiapride Hydrochloride combined with family therapy,the difference of TTS was significant.However there was no obvious difference in TTS before and after only-treated with Tiapride Hydrochloride or with family therapy(P0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the only-drug treatment,the compliance and effect of Tiapride Hydrochlorid combined with psychological intervention is increased significantly.


Power systems have been transformed into cyber-physical systems that integrate electric grids with advanced information technology and operational technology. To ensure reliable and resilient operations of such systems, it is important to understand the system vulnerability and quantify system resilience. This article provides an overview of existing work on vulnerability assessment and resilience quantification related to cyber-physical power systems, and it identifies research gaps and opportunities to enhance resilience. Specifically, we first review the definition and architecture of cyber-physical power systems, and then, summarize existing approaches to assess vulnerability and resilience. Later, we identify several research gaps that have not been well addressed yet and point out possible future work to fill the gap. Although this article focuses on cyber-physical power systems, the research can also benefit stakeholders of other critical infrastructures.


UEFA club licensing and fair play regulations (2012) consist of two sets of rules: on the one hand, the rules concerning the club licensing system (hereinafter referred to as "CLS rules") defining the minimum sporting, infrastructure, personnel and administrative, legal and financial criteria to be fulfilled by a club in order to be granted a licence by a UEFA member association as part of the admission procedure to enter the UEFA club competitions; on the other hand, the rules concerning the monitoring process aimed at achieving UEFA's financial fair play objectives (hereinafter referred to as "FFP rules"). The basic rule of financial fair-play is the "break-even requirement". According to this rule "relevant expenses" of each individual club are not allowed to exceed the club's "relevant revenue". This means that a club should always aim to at least break-even, that is in a reporting period a club's relevant expenses should be no greater than the club's relevant income. In this context, in 2013 Daniel Striani, a football players' agent, decided to challenge the FFP rules on the field of EU law by lodging a complaint to the Commission for allegedly breach of EU competition law. According to Striani's lawyer, the target of the complaint is Art 57 concerning the break-even requirement. Such a rule is deemed to be an agreement between undertaking pursuant to Art 101(1) TFEU which generates several anti-competitive effects: it restricts investments; it fossilizes the existing market structure, allowing current top clubs to maintain their leadership and even to increase it; it reduces the number of transfers, of the transfers amounts and of the numbers of players under contract per club; it generates a deflationary effect on the level of players' wages; consequently, it generates a deflationary effect on the revenue of players' agents.


Isolation and identification of predominant microorganisms in fermented squid with low salt were carried out during fermentation at . Dominant strains were lactic acid bacteria(80%) including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc sp., Pediococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus were shown in the early stage of fermentation and gradually increased until optimum stage of squid fermentation, and then decreased rapidly. Lactobacillus grew lastingly during fermentation. Yeasts were detected in the middle stage of fermentation and shown rapid increase after the last stage of fermentation, suggesting that yeasts participate in putrefaction of fermented squid with low salt.


We report the growth, fabrication, and characterization of Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N(0.44/spl les/x/spl les/0.58) heteroepitaxial back-illuminated solar-blind AlGaN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors. High-quality unintentionally doped AlGaN material, with Al composition above 0.44, is used to fabricate devices with dark currents lower than 20 fA for bias voltages /spl sim/-100 V. The photodetectors operate in the solar-blind regime with a cutoff wavelength of /spl sim/280 nm. For these devices, the external quantum efficiency peaks at /spl lambda//spl sim/262 nm and reaches a maximum value as high as 48%.


In this paper, the performance of a system based on IEEE 802.16-2004 is analyzed for different conditions. The influence of different parameters of the system is investigated. Channel models are compared as well as the use of MIMO systems. The throughput and range are determined for different diversity schemes for a realistic scenario at 3500 MHz for business applications.


In the Pyrenees, the lherzolites nowhere occur as continuous units. Rather, they always outcrop as restricted bodies, never more than 3 km wide, scattered across Mesozoic sedimentary units along the North Pyrenean Fault. We report the results of a detailed analysis of the geological setting of the Lherz massif (central Pyrenees), the type‐locality of lherzolites and one of the most studied occurrences of mantle rocks worldwide. The Lherz body is only 1.5 km long and belongs to a series of ultramafic bodies of restricted size (a few metres to some hundreds of metres), occurring within sedimentary formations composed mostly of carbonate breccias originating from the reworking of Mesozoic platform limestones and dolomites. The clastic formations also include numerous layers of polymictic breccias reworking lherzolitic clasts. These layers are found far from any lherzolitic body, implying that lherzolitic clasts cannot derive from the in situ fragmentation of an ultramafic body alone, but might also have been transported far away from their sources by sedimentary processes. A detailed analysis of the contacts between the Lherz ultramafic body and the surrounding limestones confirms that there is no fault contact and that sediments composed of ultramafic material have been emplaced into fissures within the brecciated carapace of the peridotites. These observations bear important constraints for the mode of emplacement of the lherzolite bodies. We infer that mantle exhumation may have occurred during Albian strike‐slip deformation linked to the rotation of Iberia along the proto‐North Pyrenean Fault.


Although many researchers are working on pollution potential and containment of hazardous waste, still there is a need for investigation of its characterization, influence on ground and surface water, its treatment and containment especially on chemical sludges containing heavy metals like chromium which is potential carcinogenic. An industry in Nalgonda District by name M/s. Deccan Chromates Limited situated at Damarcherla (V), Telangana State has left the extremely hazardous hexavalent chromium sludge, a life-threatening compound. This waste is classified under Schedule – II Hazardous Waste substances of the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Exposure to about 53,000 tons of chromium sludge can lead to cancer and devastating consequences for the people around it. As of now there is no contingency plan to dispose of the hazardous waste. The accumulation of chromium is contaminating the agricultural fields and water sources. The chemical factory was set up in 1998 to produce Sodium Dichromate, which is used in paints and for leather tanning. During its 10 year existence, the factory dumped the hazardous waste matter in an area of about 3 acres before the plant was shut-down in 2008 leaving the villages in the vicinity facing an alarming crisis. People who inhale the hexavalent chromium over long periods run the risk of contracting lung cancer. Repeated or prolonged exposure can cause sores and ulcers on the feet and in fingers. Hexavalent chromium can cause damage to the respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys, liver and the gastro-intestinal, immune and blood and reproductive systems. Although it has been 6 years that the factory has ceased operating, toxic waste from the plant continues to pollute both Musi and Krishna Rivers. Thousands of sheep and goat have been affected after drinking the contaminated water. The Toxic waste has deeply affected the agricultural lands. Any mishap that occurs can be very damaging. Thus, the toxic waste poses threat to thousands due to cancer-causing chromium left untreated by defunct factory in Nalgonda District. Here an attempt is made to study and highlight the pollution potential of the chrome sludge disposed by the industry, its characterization, treatment for making it non hazardous, implementation of the treatment process on plant scale and techniques of proper engineered landfill with the phases of site selection, design, construction, operation, environmental monitoring, closure and post closure for containment of the hazardous waste.


Nef gene sequences were analysed in HIV-1-infected patients, immunised with a single nef gene or a combination of nef, rev and tat genes. After three to six immunisations, we found no increase of amino acid substitutions within predicted cytotoxic T-cell epitopes, compared with epitopes located outside predicted sites. The lack of immune escape variants was seen despite significantly increased nef-specific cytotoxic responses. Immunogenicity may have been of too short a duration to cause persistently detectable escape mutants.


The good safety characteristics of advanced reactors MHTGR. ABWR and China Exp erimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) are briefly describeed in Comparison of safety clas sification of some systems and components for MHTGR and ABWR with the present P WR and BWR. Based on the analyses of safety functions for the third circuit, rentilation system and diesel generation set etc. of CEFR, a safety classification is proposed for these systems and components.


Objective
The aim of the longitudinal was to explore the level of posttraumatic growth(PTG) and the effect on rehabilitation outcome in patients who received renal transplant.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was carried out in patients after renal transplant in one month (T1) and six months(T2) in China during hospitalization. PTG was measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), depression by the Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ-9), anxiety by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionaire (GAD-7). Totally 180 patients were recruited, and 160 completed the follow-up measure. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0.

Results
There were 88.3% (158/180) patients reported positive PTG in T1, and 94.3% (151/160) in T2. The mean score of posttraumatic growth at T1 and T2 had no significant difference (T1: 77.96 ± 16.36, T2: 79.54 ± 17.58; t=-1.302, P=0.195). PTG was not significant to the recovery of physical symptoms (χ2Creatinine=0.504, P=0.841, χ2recover=0.609, P=0.777, χ2complication=6.131, P=0.150), while it affected the incidence of anxiety (χ2=7.541, P=0.021), but not related with the incidence of depression (χ2=3.926, P=0.130).

Conclusions
There is no difference in the level of PTG in time. PTG has no obvious effect on body health recovery for patients with renal transplantation after six months, while for the mental health, PTG has no effect on depression symptoms, but can reduce the occurrence of anxiety symptoms.

Key words:
Posttraumatic growth; Renal transplantation; Rehabilitation outcome


The study investigated pupil visual attending behavior toward the teacher within naturalistic classroom settings. Eight teachers in traditional classroom settings were asked to select four pupils, subsequently labeled accepted, indifferent, concerned, and rejected. Both teacher lecturing behavior time and pupil visual attending behavior toward the teacher were recorded. Significant differences were found on pupil visual attending behavior between pupil categories, and a significant two-way interaction was found for visual attending behavior with pupil sex and category as main effects. The importance of contextually designed studies of teacher-pupil behavior exchange is discussed.


UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are model regions for sustainable development per definitionem. Its management is oriented towards meeting the SDGs and to develop practical and innovative solutions on the ground and study interlinkages between global development and local impacts.

Monitoring is thus an essential tool for the effective management of a biosphere reserve. However, resources and capacities at local level are often limited. The authors outline the major conceptual challenges in developing a long-term monitoring system. In the Salzburger Lungau & Carinthian Nockberge UNESCO BR, a BRIM was elaborated between 2011 and 2013 to map the development and performance of the BR based on only 12 indicators. This system allows for collecting data at BR-level to increase the local ability to detect and link long-term social, economic and ecological changes in an easy-to-apply manner. These datasets can provide a valuable contribution to interpret local impacts of global changes and the related impacts of management actions.

The presenters reflect on the practical experiences and outline as well as a way forward towards future options for viable monitoring systems. The presenters assume that the future of biodiversity monitoring will lie in autonomous or semi-autonomous systems. In this context, disruptive technologies (for example, high-resolution remote sensing, bio-acoustics or genetic techniques such as e-DNA , etc.) will play a central role.

Authors:

Michael Jungmeier* und Michael Huber**

* UNESCO Chair for Sustainable Management of Conservation Areas, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences

** E.C.O. Institute of Ecology, Lakeside B07b, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria


With advances achieved in the area of microreactor technology, new possibilities for the use of microchannel reactors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis are now attainable. By exploiting these microstructured reactors for their relatively high surface-to-volume ratio and the inherent safety due to dimensions below the quenching distance at which explosions can propagate, hazardous reaction mixtures can be handled safely. The aim of this paper is to present the results on the catalytic H2/O2 reaction obtained from an alumina-coated microstructured reactor/heat exchanger that has been impregnated with a platinum catalyst. With this reactor, explosive mixtures of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen (up to 50% by volume of H2 in O2) were safely handled and the hydrogen was completely converted to water without explosions by maintaining a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction. The homogeneous reaction was prevented through efficient removal of the heat evolved from this highly exothermic reaction with cooling gas flowing in the heat exchanger channels of the reactor. It is anticipated that the use of microstructured reactors in catalysis research will add new levels of safety and control in studying chemical systems that necessarily involve explosive mixtures of gases. c ∞ 2000 Academic Press


The Eradication of Schizophrenia in Western Lapland is informed by a treatment for psychosis that has seen amazing results in Western Lapland. Ridiculusmus travelled to the region to study this radical new therapy as the starting point of their own creative journey.

"There's something electrifying, yet oddly reassuring about this experience. A startling piece of work that challenges how you listen and fathom what you hear" The Guardian

The audience is divided in two while two sections of the play run concurrently on either side of a wall. It is only in Act 2, when the audiences switch sides, that the full story is revealed. This innovative staging offers visitors a unique and three-dimensional insight into what it is to be psychotic.

"To me, the very confusion and disjointedness of the play was part of its strength, and I found it strangely uplifting". Anne Cooke, Consultant Clinical Psychologist and Principal Lecturer at Canterbury Christ Church University, writing in the British Journal of General Practice

"The latest transmission from Ridiculusmus is in, and it's as tense and audacious as it is vital. Extremely funny and often heartbreaking… both seriously thought provoking and seriously funny theatre, it sees Ridiculusmus (remaining) at the very top of their game" Exeunt

The show has been performed on various continents in venues that range from art houses to village halls, black box theatres to mental health festivals. It was developed with support from The Wellcome Trust in collaboration with leading scientists and Finnish health professionals.

"It is an open door to understanding, which is the first step to removing the stigma around the condition. This is Ridiculusmus's stated aim, and they are very successful" Everything Theatre.


Orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) has been spotlighted as a next generation communication system. Cooperative OFCDM relaying system has advantages that provide the high reliability while maintaining high data rate because of getting the frequency diversity and the spatial diversity. However, this system decreases a throughput performance when it employs many relays. Therefore, in this letter, we present that the proposed system combines CDD due to complement throughput performance problem. In addition to that, the proposed system based on orthogonal frequency and code division multiple access (OFCDMA) which efficiently communicates each other through assigning the subcarrier and the channel code according to channel state or other environments.


The surface morphology of a proton-conducting polymer membrane is modified by plasma treatments in view of electrochemical applications. The atmospheric-pressure glow plasmas generated using helium/hydrogen gas mixtures, or helium as the working gas are etching the surfaces very efficiently. The Nafion membranes placed between two dielectric disks undergo morphological, as well as surface chemical structural changes during exposure to the RF powered discharges. The change in the surface morphology depends on the composition of the plasma. The electrochemical cell employing the modified membrane as the electrolyte displays remarkable improvements in registering the current density.


The question of whether, and how, democracy can survive in divided societies has long been a source of controversy in political science. Some of the greatest political thinkers have argued that stable democracy is possible only in relatively homogeneous societies. John Stuart Mill, for example, believed that democracy was incompatible with the structure of a multi-ethnic society, as 'free institutions are next to impossible in a country made up of different nationalities' (1958 [1861], 230). This was a view prevalent amongst many scholars and policy-makers until at least the 1960s, with the perils of 'tribalism' and ethnic division frequently cited as causing the failure of democracy in the newly independent states of Africa and Asia in the post-war period (see, e.g., Low 1991, 272–3). Much of this conventional wisdom regarded ethnic conflicts as primordial and irrational manifestations of traditional rivalries and passions, leaving little room for explanations based on the objectives and interests of those involved in such conflicts. When scholars did turn their attention towards such interests, many saw more reasons for the failure of democracy in divided societies than for its persistence. A classic example is the rational-actor arguments against the likelihood of stable democracy in divided societies put by Rabushka and Shepsle (1972), who argue that would-be political leaders typically find the rewards of 'outbidding' on ethnic issues – moving towards increasingly extremist rhetoric and policies – greater than those of moderation.


Background  Certain moisturizers can improve skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis. The effect of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin is unknown. We examined the effect of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin and compared the results with the effect of white petrolatum in a left–right comparison study.


We introduced frequency-control and temperature-control systems in wavelength-meter-controlled cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The frequency-control system shifted the wavelength of the probe laser from 1393 nm to 696.5 nm where no strong absorption lines of water exist, and therefore, it could avoid measurement errors in laser frequency due to residual moisture in the built-in Fizeau interferometer of a wavelength meter. We verified the hypothesis that the nonuniform reflectivity of the mirror surface contributes to fluctuations in the ring-down time observed with multi-transverse-mode CRDS signals. The fluctuations due to this effect were greatly suppressed by the temperature-control system. Using this system, we could improve the minimum detectable absorption coefficient by three times on average and also improve the experimental standard deviations of the averages by nine times compared with those without the system. We measured near-infrared spectra of residual moisture in dry nitrogen at an approximately 1 nmol/mol (1 ppb) level and performed least-squares fitting of the averaged spectrum. The standard deviation of the residuals of the fitting was 6.6 × 10−12 cm−1, corresponding to a mole fraction of water of 6.3 pmol/mol (6.3 ppt).We introduced frequency-control and temperature-control systems in wavelength-meter-controlled cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The frequency-control system shifted the wavelength of the probe laser from 1393 nm to 696.5 nm where no strong absorption lines of water exist, and therefore, it could avoid measurement errors in laser frequency due to residual moisture in the built-in Fizeau interferometer of a wavelength meter. We verified the hypothesis that the nonuniform reflectivity of the mirror surface contributes to fluctuations in the ring-down time observed with multi-transverse-mode CRDS signals. The fluctuations due to this effect were greatly suppressed by the temperature-control system. Using this system, we could improve the minimum detectable absorption coefficient by three times on average and also improve the experimental standard deviations of the averages by nine times compared with those without the system. We measured near-infrared spectra of residual moisture in dry nitrogen at an approxima...


The Plutonium Processing Facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is located in a building containing approximately 63,000 square feet of laboratory space with an additional 63,000 feet of basement area that is used for heating, ventilation, filtering, storage, and other house'' systems. The building's upper floor is set up in four separate wings with different types of processing occurring both within each wing and between the wings. Because of the diversity of these various processes, material must be moved within and across the various wings. Special Nuclear Material, hereafter referred to as SNM, must always be handled in an enclosed container in order to protect the environment and the workers who are using the material. In order to avoid making repeated transfers of material by an external means, LANL has designed a system whereby most of the wings and rooms in the Plutonium Facility are interconnected by a series of tunnels through which a transportation system or trolley'' operates. This tunnel serves a dual purpose in that it also supplies dry air to the gloveboxes. The tunnels extend the entire length of the building in each wing making a total of four tunnels with an additional tunnel installed suchmore » that it connects all four wing tunnels to each other. It can readily be seen that this also creates a problem in that a chimney'' now exists which can cause a fire to spread rapidly from one line or area to another. LANL has designed a series of air and mechanically operated fire doors that are located throughout the tunnel system to prevent this occurrence from happening. Double dropboxes are located at the end of each wing tunnel where the cross tunnel connects. Here, material can be off loaded from a wing trolley and on loaded to the cross trolley for further movement to any other area where it may be needed.« less


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of ER,PR and HER-2/neu with the effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer,and investigate the predictive index on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods Expression of ER,PR and HER-2/neu in breast cancer of 160 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were detected by immunohistochemical method before and after chemotherapy. The relationships of the expression levels and the effective rate were evaluated. Results Among the 160 cases of neoadjvant chemotherapy ,the percentage of negative for ER,PR and over expression for HER-2/neu were 35.63%,24.38%,33.13% respectively. In the differences of chemotherapeutic effective rate between ER negative (-) and ER positive (+),PR negative (-) and PR positive(+),HER-2/neu over-expressed group and HER-2 non over-expressed group,there were statistical significance(χ2 3.875,P0.05).The change of ER,PR and HER-2/neu over expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy didn't have statistical significance.Conclusion In the patients with breast cancer,ER or PR negative is more sensitive to chemotherapy. These patients may get more benefits from chemotherapy. The patients with HER-2/neu over expressed are easily resistant to chemotherapy. ER,PR and HER-2/neu can be considered as predictive markers of the effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy doesn't change the expression of ER,PR and HER-2/neu.


The invention relates to the application of natural vegetation extractive in tobacco and particularly relates to a quince and hot pepper combined extractive and the usage of the quince and hot pepper combined extractive for serving as a tobacco additive. Quince and hot pepper are adopted as extracting raw materials and polar solvent is taken as an extracting agent so as to carry out extracting reaction, extracted residual products are separated out by adopting a big hole resin column separation technology, then the extracted feed liquid is concentrated to be under an extractum state, the extracting agent is used for re-dissolution, then filtering separation is performed, and obtained feed liquid is the extractive provided by the invention. The extractive provided by the invention can effectively enhance flavor during tobacco smoking, has rich perfume, is breathing, and enhances the massive feel of flue gas; and tobacco is endowed with unique odor nuance and note by the quince and hot pepper combined extractive. While the mouthfeel of the tobacco is improved, adverse impacts such as the introduction of miscellaneous gases, increment of irritant activity and the like can be avoided.


This second part presents the results of the survey of the microbial isolates frequency distribution by infection
sites (principal NI classification groups) in the country throughout the period 1999-2011. The results refer to the overall
percentage distribution of the isolates in major NI classification groups (VAP, LRTIs, SSIs, sepsis, UTIs) on the basis of
the official registration data of the Computerized Information System-Nosocomial Infections (CIS-NI).
The objective was to emphasize the tendencies in the isolation rate of the most frequent nosocomial pathogens
for the period studied attempting to propose links for binding the surveillance of NI microbiological diagnostic with the
special surveillance of patients undergoing risk procedures as well as a link for monitoring of the drug-resistance.
The generalized CIS-NI database for the total country is extrapolated. The predominance of the ten most frequently
isolated microbial species is presented in the form of percent from the total number of isolates in the microbiologically
confirmed cases for the corresponding infections group (infection site), and for the corresponding year of the period
indicated.
The microbial characteristics presented mark out in broad outlines the involvement of the most common microbial
agents in important for the clinical practice nosocomial infections. The isolates assigned as NI causative agents
refer predominantly to strains of S. aureus and E. coli (of substantial importance in SSIs), S. aureus (sepsis), E. coli
(UTIs), a number of opportunistic bacteria as Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., enterococci,
other Enterobacteriaceae as Enterobacter spp. and Serratia spp., Proteus spp. (VAP, LRTIs, sepsis). These species in
comparatively constant or in separate years in an increasing percentage are invariably present in the visualized by years
microbiological spectrum of the discussed infections groups. The presented microbiologic characteristics emphasizes
the necessity of strict implementation of the NI prevention and control measures endorsed, updated guidelines
including, in the risk clinical practices as operative/resuscitation procedures and manipulations, installation of vascular
devices, urinary catheters, etc., and the care respectively for the patients, undergoing such procedures as preoperative,
postoperative care, or attendance in the course of other clinical treatment.
Schemes for assessment of the antibacterial resistance based on NHSN pattern are proposed for approbation as
well as adapted from external sources e-files intended for supervision of the observance of the correct hospital practices
for care of the patients on mechanical ventilation and/or vascular catheter.


In this paper, we present two types of unconditionally maximum principle preserving finite element schemes to the standard and conservative surface Allen–Cahn equations. The surface finite element method is applied to the spatial discretization. For the temporal discretization of the standard Allen–Cahn equation, the stabilized semi‐implicit and the convex splitting schemes are modified as lumped mass forms which enable schemes to preserve the discrete maximum principle. Based on the above schemes, an operator splitting approach is utilized to solve the conservative Allen–Cahn equation. The proofs of the unconditionally discrete maximum principle preservations of the proposed schemes are provided both for semi‐ (in time) and fully discrete cases. Numerical examples including simulations of the phase separations and mean curvature flows on various surfaces are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed schemes.


The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily is used throughout animal development for regulating the growth and patterning of many tissue types. During the past few years, rapid progress has been made in deciphering how TGF‐β signals are transduced from outside the cell to the nucleus. This progress is based on biochemical studies in vertebrate systems and a combination of genetic studies in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. These studies have identified a novel family of signaling proteins, the Smad family. Smads can act positively and be phosphorylated by TGF‐β‐like receptors or can act negatively and prevent activation of the positively acting group. The positively acting Smads translocate to the nucleus, bind DNA, and act as transcriptional activators. Thus, genetic and biochemical studies suggest a very simple signaling pathway, in which Smads are the primary downstream participant. BioEssays 20:382–390, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Inc.


Due to poor biodegradability of paper mill wastewater and difficult treatment,biochemical pretreatment of paper mill wastewater has great significance.Coagulation effects will be enhanced through combing inorganic polymer and organic coagulant.The coagulation effects and affecting aspects of two kinds of paper mill wastewater were studied.Single factor experiments were done under laboratory conditions and the optimal dosage of flocculation for two kinds of paper mill wastewater was given.Results which obtained respectively were wastewater of toilet paper plant added PAC 75 mg/L,PAM 0.075 mg/L,while wastewater of paperboard plant added PAC 350 mg/L,PAM 0.125 mg/L.In the working conditions,COD removal rate in toilet paper plant wastewater reached 62.12%,chroma removal rate 92.12%,SS removal rate 95.36%,while COD removal rate in paperboard plant wastewater reached 44.03%,the best chroma removal rate 90.25%,SS removal rate 93.18%,which would improve biodegradability of wastewater and create the conditions for subsequent biological treatment.


In order to process the discretization of a decision table with large quantity objects,it is necessary to develop a high efficient discretization algorithm.The distribution of the importance values of candidate cuts on single attribute in a decision table was analyzed,and based on the distribution,a two-step solution procedure and a high efficient discretizaiton algorithm based on the rough set theory were proposed.Firstly,the candidate cuts are dynamically clustered in the light of their importance,so the number of the candidate cuts will decrease.Secondly,the final result cuts will be selected quickly from the clustered cuts using the heuristic method,as a result,the discretizaion of the decision table can be implemented by the final result cuts.The experiment results show that after dynamic clustering,the number of candidate cuts in most of data sets can be decreased by more than 80% to raise the efficiency of next cut selection greatly.To seven UCI data sets,Iris,Wine,Glass,Ecoli,Breast_w,Pima and Letter,in the experiments,their recognition rates are about 92.0%,92.1%,69.3%,65.7%,95.3%,67.1% and 76.5% respectively using the proposed algorithm.


This work reports on advanced remanence and coercivity measurements undertaken on a set of perpendicular exchange-coupled composite (ECC) media, where the demagnetizing field, HD, has been properly accounted for. We find that, on correction, the shape of the hysteresis loop, and hence the shape of the remanence curve, changes significantly. More importantly, the value of the measured remanent coercivity, Hcr, is reduced by between 10 and 15% when the correction for HD is implemented. Measurements of the remanence, Mr, indicate that the normalized Mr/Ms varies strongly in the uncorrected case as the thickness of the soft layer increases, whereas for the corrected case, Mr/Ms is almost constant, around 0.82 plusmn 0.03. From the data obtained, we have also been able to determine the reversal processes that take place in both the hard and soft layers. Above a soft layer thickness of ~ 12 nm, Mr/Ms becomes dominated by the HD. Insight has also been gained into the exchange coupling between the soft and hard layers for a low Ms soft layer.


Ultrasonography is now considered by many to be the method of choice of screening for gallbladder disease. The accuracy of this technique is claimed to exceed 90%.' ,2,3, However, high false positive rates of7% and false negative rates of 15% are still reported in some series.4'5 Since the diagnosis of gallstones by ultrasonography is often followed by cholecystectomy without further confirmatory studies, the avoidance, especially offalse positive diagnosis is important. If false positive gallbladder diagnosis were to occur at the 1.5% rate reported by Allen-Mersh,5 then about 2,000 unnecessary cholecystectomies could occur in England and Wales alone, and 7,000 in the United States. We have not been able to find any article listing the myriad of problems encountered at ultrasonographic investigation of the gallbladder and as a result we present the pitfalls and problems which we have experienced over the past eight years at our institutions and found quoted in other publications, and suggest methods to overcome these problems.


Deuterio- and 1,2-dideuterio-exo-norborn-2-yl bromobenzene-p-sulfonates have been prepared, and the deuterium kinetic isotope effects have been measured in 80% aqueous ethanol (k/sup 11//k/sup D/ = 1.081, 25.5/sup 0/C, and 1.192, 25.4/sup 0/C, respectively) and buffered acetic acid (1.051 and 1.173, respectively, 29.4/sup 0/C). These results are in accordance with a mechanism involving bridging at the transition state for ionization which leads to the nonclassical norbornyl cation. The results are incompatible with a mechanism involving direct ionization to interconverting classical cations.


Traditionally reflector design has been confined to the use of surfaces defined in terms of conic sections, assuming that all light sources can be considered to be point sources. In the middle of the twentieth century, it was recognized that major improvements could be made if the shape of the reflector was designed to produce a desired distribution of light form an actual light source. Cylindrical reflectors were created which illuminated airport runways using fluorescent lamps in such a way that pilots could make visual landings safely even in fog. These reflector contours were called macrofocal parabolic cylinders. Other new reflector contours introduced were macrofocal elliptic cylinders which confined the light to long rectangles. Surfaces of revolution the fourth degree were also developed which made possible uniform floodlighting of a circular region. These were called horned and peaked quartics. The optimum solution of the automotive head lighting problem has not yet been found. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of developing reflectors which are neither cylindrical nor rotational but will produce the optimum field of view for the automobile driver both in clear weather and in fog.


An 18-year-old girl sustained subcondylar fractures, in addition to other injuries, in an automobile accident. After six months, a diagnosis was made of temporomandibular joint syndrome due to retruded open bite. The patient was successfully treated by a surgeon and a dentist.


Object of the present invention is to provide a flat cable routing structure, even when the flat cable used in a multiple stacked state, the flat cable routing structure of the flat cable is prevented from being damaged or disconnected, and the winding device failure is minimized. Structure laid flat cable (1) provided with: a winding device (3), the other end of winding a plurality of stacked flat cables (2) side and the output end of the flat cable (2) side, means for the winding ( 3) disposed in the vicinity of the slider (S); and a protector (4), which is far away from the winding device (3) near the proximal end of the output position of the flat cable winding device (2) of the flat cable wound the sliding between the end positions. The protector (4) is provided internally with a slack-absorbing portion for absorbing the slack portion, the slack portion generated at the time when the flat cable is wound by the winding device (3), the outer flat cable (22) and the inner flat cable (21 between the inner phase) to a direction of the flat cable stacked / peripheral length difference (L2) configuration.


Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows with analogous characteristics were selected and randomly allocated into 4 groups (control and trials), 5 animals each. In vitro digestibility tests of the legumes (peas and fodder beans) are high from 80.50 % to 84.20 %. The feed ration digestibility study results show, that on average higher dry matter digestibility was in the 2 nd group – 69.42 %, in which the feed ration peas "Bruno" was included, and the 1 st trial group – 69.29 %, in which the ration peas+beans was included. The highest protein digestibility is also presented by the 2 nd trial group of cows – 65.97 % and the 1 st trial group of cows – 65.82 %. The milk yield decreases for the experimental groups (1 st and 2 nd ) were smaller – 0.8 kg, 1.3 kg, respectively, compared with the initial stage of the experiment (p < 0.05). The changes in productivity are mainly associated with the cows' physiological processes during their lactation and pregnancy cycle.In contrast, group 4 (control) showed a significant decrease in the average daily energy corrected milk yield (4.9 kg), compared with the initial stage of the trial. Compared with the control group, none of the dietary interventions showed significant (p>0.05) deviations.


The aim of the present study was to comparatively assess the transcription of key virulence genes, during growth of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolate in liquid medium and rocket (Eruca sativa) at different temperatures and time. For that purpose, rocket leaves and BHI broth were inoculated with 7.5 log CFU/g or CFU/mL, respectively, and incubated at 4 and 10C. Sampling took place upon inoculation and after 0.5, 6 and 24 h of incubation; the RNA was stabilized and the transcription of stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA and etpD was assessed by RT-qPCR. Downregulation of stx1 and ehxA during growth on rocket surface at 4C, upregulation of stx2 and eae during growth on rocket surface at both 4 and 10C and the upregulation of etpD and ehxA during growth on rocket surface at 4 and 10C, respectively, were observed. In addition, increase of incubation temperature, i.e. from 4 to 10C resulted in upregulation of stx1 and downregulation of stx2 and eae. These results suggest that through differential regulation of genes encoding for virulence factors, the virulence potential of E. coli O157:H7 may be altered when it resides on the surface of rocket, at least for short time and at temperature relevant to its storage. However, further research is still necessary in order to improve our understanding of the physiology of this foodborne pathogen and the responses during exposure to food-related stresses.