The number of older adults is increasing worldwide. Eventually, older adults require assistance with ambulation. In addition to canes and walkers, various servo-assistive robotic rollators have been developed for elderly persons with disabilities. Their effectiveness in patients with specific diseases and their short-term effectiveness in older adults have been reported. However, the long-term effectiveness of these devices in community-dwelling elderly persons has not been discussed. The RT.2 is a servo-assistive robotic rollator. This robot is helpful in Japan, which has a high population density and many mountains and slopes. However, it has not become ubiquitous owing to limited evidence of its application. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the robotic rollator in community-dwelling older adults. This study included community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who wanted to use the RT.2. An adequately maintained cognitive function was required for participants to use the robot appropriately or with the study partner's support. Participants were recruited through physicians in Tokyo. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale-15-Japanese, grip strength, muscle mass measured using InBody S10, 3-m UP & GO test, 36-Item ShortForm Health Survey (SF-36), and Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS) were evaluated. The PIADS is a 26-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess the effects of an assistive device on functional independence, well-being, and quality of life. A positive score means an improvement on using the device. After using the RT.2 daily for 3–6 months, the participants were re-evaluated. All participants provided informed consent, and this study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo (2019121NI). The study had a total of 12 participants. However, two of them stopped using the RT.2 during the early phase because they could walk independently. The average age of the participants (three males and seven females) was 79.4 10.8 years. The study included two Parkinson's disease patients, two knee osteoarthritis patients, two post-cerebral infarction patients, and others. One participant had no specific disease other than aging. The muscle mass of one participant was not measured using InBody S10 because of an implanted cardiac pacemaker. The data of two participants who were hospitalized during the study period were excluded. None of the participants fell while using the RT.2 during the study period. After using a servo-assistive robotic-rollator, the participants' muscle mass in both legs (P = 0.046, Wilcoxon signedrank test) and role/social component summary SF-36 scores (P = 0.028, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) increased (Table 1). Based on the PIADS, almost all participants had improved scores after using the RT.2 (Table 1). This study determined the suitable patient profile for the RT.2. The study results showed that older adults with or without comorbidities as well as adults with low or high FIM scores (68–124) were satisfied with using the RT.2. Thus, the RT.2 was demonstrated as being suitable for a wide range of patients. The RT.2 has various applications for assisting older adults. For instance, despite being able to walk independently, one participant was worried about the difficulty of stopping when walking downhill. Using the RT.2 allayed his apprehensions, enabling him to walk safely. Another


A new boost rectifier using single-phase matrix converter topology is presented that could synthesize a greater DC output voltage from a given AC supply voltage. Basic operation on single-phase matrix converter which implements boost operation is outlined. Selected simulations and experimental results are presented.


ABSTRACT Structures such as "she muttered contempt" or "she smiled appreciation" have been referred to as Reaction Object Constructions (ROCs), and consist of a normally intransitive verb followed by an object that conveys an emotion, such that the whole construction can be paraphrased as "express an emotion by V-ing". Although ROCs have been discussed recently in relation to Present Day English, from a historical perspective they have received very little attention, mentioned only in passing in historical reference grammars. This paper explores aspects of the history of ROCs, drawing on data from the Oxford English Dictionary and the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts, version 3.0. The findings show that, similarly to other processes of transitivisation such as the way-construction, ROCs have been in use since the fifteenth century, expanding to more verbs over the course of the Late Modern English period. More specifically, the data suggests that the construction was established mainly in the nineteenth century, a period in which those verbs attested in the construction became quite fashionable in novels. Findings are also subjected to a collexeme analysis, revealing the prototypical verbs of the construction during this period.


Insurance companies play a vital role in the economy. This study deals with the problems faced by the policyholders among the insurance companies. The research mainly concentrates on the dimensions such as problems of policyholders like do not have adequate knowledge, no proper clarification and negative attitude of the advisor. The primary data for the research work was collected through the structured questionnaire. A sample of 100 policyholders was taken for this research purpose. The main intention of this paper is to impart the level of problems faced by the policyholders among the insurance companies. The study reveals that the private sector has done its best to canvas the people by door to door in village and urban campaigns. The private Life Insurance companies put its efforts it becomes the boon for the LIC to increase its business in the Indian market. It is seen that most of the customers preferred to opt LIC over the other private insurer.


Background: There may be disagreement among stakeholders on the need for preoperative cardiac screening for elderly hip fracture patients. Purpose: We sought to assess preoperative workup perceptions among physicians for hip fracture patients across specialties, specifically considering a patient's cardiovascular risk. Methods: A case-based survey was distributed to 50 physicians in each of the 4 departments involved in preoperative patient care: orthopedic surgery (OS), anesthesiology (A), cardiology (C), and hospital medicine (HM). The survey asked about which clinical presentations required a cardiology consult, as well as about further preoperative imaging and laboratory work. Single score intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare agreement. Results: Of the 200 surveys sent out, 33 responses (16.5% response rate) were received. Between all specialties, there was 72% agreement about preoperative cardiology consult need (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.063 or poor) and 71% agreement about preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) need (ICC = 0.188 or poor). Within each specialty (A, C, HM, OS) ICCs measuring agreement for the need for cardiology consult were 0.812 (good), 0.561 (moderate), 0.457 (poor), and 0.414 (poor), respectively, and for the need for preoperative TTE were 0.852 (good), 0.441 (poor), 0.848 (good), and 0.188 (poor), respectively. Common preoperative testing requested included complete blood count, basic metabolic panel in all cases, and electrocardiogram with troponins if perioperative acute coronary syndrome symptoms were present. Conclusion: This survey suggests that there may be varying levels of agreement within specialties and poor agreement between specialties on the need for cardiology consultation and preoperative imaging for hip fracture patients. This suggests the need for established, reliable preoperative workup protocols with input from different specialties to streamline preoperative care for patients before hip fracture surgery.


At present,the bottle-neck of human-machine interaction is more and more outstanding along with computer performance development.The traditional man-machine interactive technique can't provide enough information to modern computer interactive games.Therefore,the information amount of human-machine interaction is expanded by using the cheapest and popular human-machine equipments(web camera and microphone) to increase the efficiency of human-machine.A new game form can be realized without a mouse and keyboard controlling.


This study assessed the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in a highly HBV‐endemic area. The prevalence of either HBV or HCV infection in 235 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was compared with that of an age‐ and sex‐matched hospital control group of 235 patients. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (15.5%) than control (8.1%), but the prevalence of HCV infection in the non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (2.1%) and control group (3%) was similar. HBV prevalence increased significantly with age in the B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The presence of HBV proteins and DNA in lymphoma tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HBV‐infected non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients was also investigated using immunohistochemistry and PCR. HBV DNA was frequently detected in PBMCs from HBV‐infected non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, but HBV antigens were not. Therefore, HBV infection, but not HCV infection, was associated with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in Korea, suggesting a possible role for HBV in the development of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. J. Med. Virol. 80:960–966, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Settler colonial projects erase Indigenous peoples and their histories to justify expropriation of sovereign land. Educational curriculum plays a central role in settler colonialism by denying both long-standing connections to the land and dehumanizing those on it, relegating them to objects to be controlled or assimilated by colonizers, positioned as the colonized land's rightful owners. This has long been the case for Palestinians. Violent expulsion from their land began with the settler colonial Zionist project in the late-19th century, a time of global colonization, and continues into the present, alongside the denial of Palestinian subjectivity and 'permission to narrate' their own history in public, political, and academic discourses. This paper examining US-based college-level introductory sociology textbooks finds that they replicate and perpetuate colonial narratives through Orientalist ascriptions and Palestinian de-Indigenization, while eliding the settler colonial and apartheid conditions under which they live, thereby contributing to the settler project themselves.


Based on the analysis on the merits and defects of tubular pumps of various types,a new type submersible tubular pump is developed and successfully applied to several pumping stations.For this kind of pump,the impeller is installed inside of the internal cavity of the motor rotor,and then the rotor has the function of the pump impeller simultaneously.The characteristics of the pump are given herein and the relevant problems in the aspects of flow pattern,structure,operation regulation,etc.are discussed for the further development of it.


This article introduces the logic, design and capabilities of the Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS), a newly developed model which uses incremental life-cycle benefit/cost analysis to define the 'near-optimal' cost-effective set of appropriate improvement options given user defined policy scenarios. HERS is distinguished from traditional highway investment analysis by two important features: the analytical technique; and the software user interface. Each of these areas is discussed in detail. The relationship to the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) is also discussed. Comments are made on deficiency identification with HERS.


Peirce's categories might be applied to his intellectual biography. Its Firstness is a beginning in a new semiotic hypothesis which is dense, vague, and pregnant with promise. Its concluding Second is a set of ten classifications of signs, 30 sub-classes, and 50,049 difficult semiotic questions (8.343). The first energy laden cloud is finally precipitated in many distinct and individual droplets. Between first and last there is the mediating Thirdness — Peirce's prodigious inductive development of the semiotic hypothesis through its empirical applications by him to almost every one of the sciences he lists in his classification of the sciences. In this paper I shall argue that Peirce's first and last theories of signs are quite different and, in some respects, incompatible. I shall try to bring out the differences by asking the same five questions of the two theories, as follows: 1. What is a sign? 2. What is the relation of categories to signs? 3. What is an interpretant? 4. What is the object of a sign? 5. Why does Peirce propose first a two-fold classification of signs and later a ten-fold classification? The first theory is presented in six major papers published in 1867-68. I begin with the Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man. The major argument of this paper is that the claim that something is an intuition cannot possibly be supported by


This 54-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer presented with severe confusion, incontinence and self-neglect. MRI suggested Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) without any history of alcohol misuse. The patient's symptoms seemed to not respond to acute treatment. Cancer progression was assumed to be causing her condition and she was discharged to a nursing home with community palliative care team follow-up. This case demonstrates the natural course of cancer-associated WE and eventual improvement with thiamine therapy. It also illustrates a role for specialist palliative care follow up for patients discharged to a nursing home for expected end-of-life care.


A controlled flight into terrain remains a serious problem for the commercial and military aircraft. Necessity of monitoring the height and other parameters of movement during operations near the ground increases load on a pilot and diverts him from his specific tasks. So, the efficiency of the task implementation is reduced. It is difficult for a pilot to adequately estimate the degree of maneuverability and safety on a modern maneuverable aircraft. To improve the flight safety applies systems which warns the pilot of the ground proximity and performs an automatic collision avoidance maneuver. We have ground collision avoidance systems based on the trajectory prediction and calculation of the height lost during the automatic collision avoidance maneuver. The available dynamic characteristics of an aircraft should be taken into account for development of the control algorithms in such systems. The article deals with the synthesis of the control algorithms for performance of the automatic maneuvers intended to avoid collision with the ground in accordance with the current parameters of movement and maneu- vering characteristics of the aircraft. Analysis was done of the influence of the parameters of the control algorithms in different initial conditions and different characteristics of g-load and roll angle control loops. The logic for selection of the direction of rotation to achieve the wings' level position in the shortest time was considered. The proposed algorithm is applied in the aircraft with control loops of g-load and roll angle. The significant excess of demand over supply initiates the speed increasing of world market of unmanned multi-purposes com- plexes (MPC) last years. Except space unmanned systems and unmanned flying systems of aircraft type [1], also exists helicopter and balloon (zeppelin) aviation MPC, land-on and underground MPC, also marine and submarine MPC. According with the proposed classification shortly define and determine the modern MPC applications. The article is devoted to the helicopter, balloon (zeppelin), land-on and underground, marine and submarine MPC, designed by Russian and foreign scientific and industrial or- ganizations and enterprises, including Moscow Mile helicopter plant, "Schiebel", "Unmanned systems", "Raytheon", "IRKUT", "RosAeroSystems", "SEW Eurodrive", "iRobot", "Black-I Robotics", "QuinetiQ", "KEMZ", "SPB PA" companies, "Central sci- entific researching and experience construction institute of robot-technique and technical cybernetics", "Central scientific research institute "Hydrodevice"", "SEA-EAGLE", "SeeBotix", "Augusta Systems", "TOYO", "EMT", Bauman State University, Massa- chusetts technological institute, Harvard university and DARPA. This MPC may be used in different spheres, such as oil and gas monitoring, fire-protection systems, industrial safety, ecological equipment, bogy guard and other civil applications. The comparing of air, land-on, underground, marine and submarine MPC by financial and economical parameters supports the realization of regional investment projects. Much attention is paid for industrial and ecological monitoring with protection of communication channels based on computer steganographic technologies, which are protected by author's Russian patent for invention.


Convergence between India and Asia slowed at 45 Ma when they collided, but continues today. This requires that substantial proportions of the Indian and/or Asian lithospheric mantle are still being subducted. The resulting slab-pull is probably comparable with that from complete lithospheric slabs and may promote continued continental convergence even after collision. Since descending lithospheric slabs are present at all collision zones at the time of collision such continued convergence may be general after continental collisions. It may cease only when there is a major (global) plate reorganization which results in new forces on the convergent continents that may counteract the slab-pull. These inferences may be tested on the late Paleozoic collision between Gondwanaland and Laurasia. This is generally considered to have been complete by mid-Permian time (250 Ma). However, this may be only the time of docking of Gondwanaland with North America, not that of the cessation of convergence. Paleomagnetic polar-wander paths for the Gondwanide continents exhibit consistently greater latitudinal shifts from 250 Ma to 200 Ma than those of Laurasia when corrected for post-Triassic drift, suggesting that convergence continued through late Permian well into the Triassic. It may have been accommodated by crustal thickening under what is nowmore » the US Coastal Plain, or by strike-slip faulting. Convergence may have ceased only when Pangea began to fragment again, in which case the cause for its cessation may be related to the cause of continental fragmentation.« less


PURPOSE: An emergency monitoring system is provided to establish an emergency call system and reduce processing costs. CONSTITUTION: An emergency monitoring system comprises a client(100), an image monitoring apparatus(200), a position tracking device(300), and a wireless tag. The wireless tag transmits a wireless signal. The position tracking device tracks the position of the wireless tag when an emergency call signal from the wireless tag. A control signal is transmitted according to the position of the wireless tag. The image monitoring apparatus selects a camera according to the control signal received from the position tracking device and transmits an image recorded by the selected camera. The client displays the image received from the image monitoring apparatus.


The National Sauce Culture Museum of China is located in Shaoxing,which is noted for "sauce urn culture." It is composed of nine exhibition sections: sauce information center,Chinese sauce culture,Chinese soy sauce culture,Chinese vinegar culture,Chinese sauce walking up to the world,tomorrow of the world sauce culture,Shaoxing sauce urn culture,manipulation and sample taste,and products and shopping.It gives an outlook of the sauce culture development in China,and makes attempts to illustrate sauces to people in terms of the generations of Chinese people's recognition,knowledge,technology and life history in this field.The National Sauce Culture Museum of China not only exhibits Chinese sauce culture,but also leads Chinese consumers and Chinese sauce manufacturing enterprises to walk up to the world.


We consider the two objectives of direct relevance to operational planning based on the model of recursive conveyor process. Calculate the Critical Operation of the conveyor and calculate the Load Factor of the equipment of the conveyor.


The image is the imagination that emerges as a result of the interaction between the person and others and the objects and life practices. The image of the object leads to the desire to have access to the object, leads to dependency and even compliance, identification and internalization of the object in the process.In this way, the object produced by man is metamorphosed and transformed into an independent entity, and the object acquires identity, personality and self within the process. As for theoreticians, they are explaining this relation as "we are what we have" and "we think what we look at". As for self, it comes into existence as a result of persons interaction with objects and others in social structure and representment of self is accepted as persons image. According to self-theorists, people aim to protect and strengthen their self-image, and use social relations as a means to achieve their goals. People use the image of objects to have the image they desire and manage dramaturgy and impression in their social relations. Thanks to the development of the Internet and technology, the convergence and digitization of communication tools and information technologies has created new media. Peoples desire to socialize and the possibility of technology enabled McLuhan's concept of "global village" and created social media channel. With the help of new media tools, people now join social media, create images, symbols and showings created by artists in Antique Age, Medieval Age and Renaissance, and becoma a media producer. While the people in the social media channel manage image through dramaturgy and impression management, brands manage image with public relations, advertisement and integrated marketing communication applications. Bourdieu refers to the settled place, settlers, habits and processes in the concept "habitus". In this context, study aims to explain the relationship between social media (place of settlement) and those who use social media (settlers) based on the concept of "habitus" and the direction of personal and brand image of habits arising as a result of this relationship and process. The study is written within the scope of doctorate thesis titled "Transformation of personal and brand image management in social media" which is still going on in Istanbul Aydın University and descriptive research method which is applied research method and application of communication science is used.


The paper dwells upon one of the main activities of prosecutor's office. Public prosecutor's supervision of the rule of law of regulatory and legal acts of the legislative authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation is viewed by comparison of current legislation with law enforcement practice.


1 AKIBA, s., GOTO, K., YAMAMOTO, s., and WAKABAYASHI, H.: 'Recent progress of transoceanic optical amplifier transmission system'. ECOC '92, Invited papers, September 1992, pp. 719-726 2 IEEE standard 802.6, DQDB subnetwork of a MAN, July 1991 3 KOA& K. T., and OISHANSKY, R.: 'Non-regenerative photonic dual bus with optical amplifiers', to be published in I E E E Photonics Technol. Lett. 4 GILES, c. R., and DESURVIRE, E.: 'Propagation of signal and noise in concatenated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers', J. Lightwave Techno[., 1991, LT-9, pp. 147-154 KANNO, N., and ITO, K.: 'Fiber-optic subcarrier multiplexing video transport employing multilevel QAM, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 1990, SAC-8, pp. 1313-1319 6 ELREFAIE, A. F., WAGNER, . E., ATLAS, D. A., and DAUT, D. G.: 'Chromatic dispersion limitations in coherent lightwave transmission systems', J. Lightwaue Technof., 1988, LT-6, pp. 704-709 7 AUWUIN, o., PRIGENT, L. and HAMAIDE, J.-P.: 'Limitations on transoceanic optical communications by dispersion, Ken nonlinearity and amplifier noise'. ECOC '91, Invited papers, September 1991, pp, 67-74 8 AGRAWAL, G. P.: 'Nonlinear fiber optics' (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1989) 5


Pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) contain a unique electron‐dense globular surface‐coat which is sensitive to heparin treatment, halothane anesthesia, and the digestive effect of lipolytic lipase (LPL), suggesting that the coat is predominantly composed of lipoproteins. In the present study, evidence is presented that heparin, when administered intravenously in goats, potentiated both the translocation of the surface‐coat into the vacuolar system and the expansion of the Golgi apparatus. Sequentially, these changes were followed by proliferation of peroxisomes in combination with peroxisomal reticulum (PR), a transient precursor of this organelle. The peroxisomes, as well as PR, reacted positively for catalase after aldehyde fixation and 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. In addition to their role as phagocytes, the ultrastructural and cytochemical detection of peroxisomes suggests a functional capacity of the PIMs, which may be adaptable to the circulating level of free fatty acids (FAAs). Anat Rec 266:69–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Fabrication of Gd2O2S:Pr scintillation ceramics by pressureless reaction sintering was investigated. The 2Gd2O3·(Gd,Pr)2(SO4)3·mH2O precursor was made by hydrothermal reaction using commercially available Gd2O3, Pr6O11 and H2SO4 as the starting materials. Then single phase Gd2O2SO4:Pr powder was obtained by calcining the precursor at 750◦C for 2 h. The Gd2O2SO4:Pr powder compacts can be sintered to single phase Gd2O2S:Pr ceramics with a relative density of 99% and mean grain size of 30 μm at 1750 ◦C for 2 h in flowing hydrogen atmosphere. Densification and microstructural development of the Gd2O2S:Pr ceramics were examined. Luminescence spectra of the Gd2O2S:Pr ceramic under 309 nm UV excitation and X-ray excitation show a green emission at 511 nm as the most prominent peak, which corresponds to the P0H4 transition of Pr ions.


Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter occlusion requiring emergency intervention has been rarely reported. Here, we report a patient who developed obstructive shock due to IVC filter occlusion and was successfully treated using catheter thrombectomy. A 54-year-old Caucasian male was admitted for radiation therapy for groin melanoma. Despite the initiation of unfractionated heparin therapy, an IVC filter was placed after exacerbation of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Two days after IVC filter placement, the patient developed shock and was admitted to the ICU. Considering the lack of response to septic shock management and imaging findings, obstructive shock due to IVC filter occlusion was suspected. After catheter thrombectomy, the IVC filter was partially recanalized followed by gradual hemodynamic stabilization. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) was suspected owing to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Heparin was replaced with argatroban. The patient was diagnosed with HIT and was administered anti-coagulant therapy until discharge from the ICU. Occlusion of the IVC filter should be considered a potential cause of obstructive shock.


Described herein is an apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor which comprises a chamber having a susceptor for attaching a processed product on the lower inner portion and a polarization spectral reflection module located in the upper portion of the chamber. The polarization spectral reflection module comprises: a light source for generating light; a beam splitter for receiving the light generated from the light source to reflect a portion; an objective polarizer for polarizing the light reflected by the beam splitter to irradiate a processed product on the susceptor; a reflective aperture in which the reflected polarized light reflected from the processed product counter-passes the object polarizer, a portion of the reflected polarized light passes through the beam splitter, and a portion of the reflected polarized light passed through the beam splitter passes through the reflective aperture; a blaze grating for reflecting the reflected polarized light passed through the reflective aperture; and an array director for sensing the reflected polarized light separated and reflected by the blaze grating.


Use goat milk,medlar,and cynomorium as the main material,following the contrasting testing and orthogonal experiment,developing a kind of functional dairy drinks.The processing techincs was:①medlar,cynomorium→ extraction →filter → add goat milk → homogenization → filling → sterilization → production;② the best formula was:50% pure water,30% goat milk,6% sugar,7% medlar juice,5% cynomorium juice,1% acids;③ the stabilizer compound included:0.12% sucrose fatty acid esters,0.08% CMC,0.08% xanthan gum.


Emergent Economies is a book whose impact is much larger than its title implies. The two authors come from very different fields. Robert Feenstra is one of the top international trade economists in the United States, and Gary Hamilton has spent decades analyzing East Asian development from the vantage point of institutional and organizational sociology. Their collaboration brings together the methodological and theoretical insights of distinct disciplinary traditions, with an acute attention to empirical detail in the postwar development of South Korea and Taiwan. The broader implications of Emergent Economies, however, extend well beyond these two country cases, and the authors suggest new ways in which international trade and economic sociology can generate novel explanations for how national development occurs in the global economy.


The Electronic equipment's have turned out to be practically unavoidable. This electronic gadget assumes a key job in numerous basic zones of innovation and brought about high thickness of segments in little volume. In this manner, there has been a consistent increment in heat squandered rate from electronic segments. Advancement likewise prompted more prominent power in the segments and there is an extensive increment in the heat dissemination of electronic segments. Analysts for the most part utilized the idea of constrained convection air to evacuate heat at the outside of the segments. Increment the existence time of parts. In this present paper impinging air jets is examined tentatively. Heat transfer attributes are analyzed. Analysis have been directed at (Z/D =5, 10 and 15) and Velocity of air (V (m/sec) = 5.6,5.2,4.8,3.9,3.5,2.6) and (V(m/sec)= 6.1,5.8,5.3,3.7,3.3,2.9) for flat plate and pin fin heat sinks are respectively and Heat input (Q=32watts). Empirical correlations are developed from results and Mat lab coding was developed at different conditions and the results show that the relation between heat transfer coefficient Vs velocity and Reynolds number Vs Nusselt number and Nu(theoretical) Vs Nu(experimental) and heat transfer coefficient Vs nozzle to plate distance(z/d)


ABSTRACT Members of social network sites are able to decide how to present themselves to other members. An earlier study has suggested that athletes may put up posts to describe themselves in their various roles. The aim of this study is to gain further insight by extending from the earlier conceptual framework. The posts of 14 Iranian footballer who played in the Russia 2018 World Cup from April to August were analysed. Content analysis found that the posts could be classified into four different categories namely Athlete, Family, Personal and Publicity. In addition, it was found that over time, there were changes in the proportion of posts in each category. Athletes were more likely to post on their lives as an athlete before and after a major sports event. This suggests that athletes are managing their personal brand on social media.


Abstract The formation of clay minerals within active fault zones, which results from the infiltration of aqueous fluids, often leads to important changes in mechanical behaviour. These hydrous phyllosilicates can (1) enhance anisotropy and reduce shear strength, (2) modify porosity and permeability, (3) store or release significant volumes of water, and (4) increase fluid pressures during shearing. The varying interplay between faulting, fluid migration, and hydrous clay mineral transformations along the central Alpine Fault of New Zealand is suggested to constitute an important weakening mechanism within the upper section of this crustal discontinuity. Well-developed zones of cataclasite and compacted clay gouge show successive stages of hydrothermal alteration, driven by the cyclic, coseismic influx of meteoric fluids into exhumed amphibolite-facies rocks that are relatively Mg rich. Three modes of deformation and alteration are recognized within the mylonite-derived clay gouge, which occurred during various stages of the fault's exhumation history. Following initial strain-hardening and frictional melting during anhydrous cataclastic breakdown of the mylonite fabric, reaction weakening began with formation of Mg-chlorite at sub-greenschist conditions (<320 °C) and continued at lower temperatures (<120 °C) by growth of swelling clays in the matrix. The low permeability and low strength of clay-rich shears are suitable for generating high pore-fluid pressures during faulting. Despite the apparent weakening of the c. 6 km upper segment of the Alpine Fault, the upper crust beneath the Southern Alps is known to be actively releasing elastic strain, with small (


: This paper aims to analyse the flood discharge based on the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH), using the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS), the SUH of Nakayasu method, and the SUH of Gama I method. Modelling formed the basis of the research conducted on the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. The embankment construction on the Dengkeng–Pusur Section was designed as a method of flood control in 1988. The problem was that around its location are densely populated cities, industrial areas, and agricultural areas. In order to measure the risk of embankment failure and water structure planning in general, it is necessary to analyse the maximum flood discharge. There are several methods for analysing maximum flood discharge, so finding a suitable method is essential due to the lack of measuring tools to calculate flood discharge in some areas. The calculation is compared with the observation data at the Serenan AWLR station, which is in the Dengkeng–Pusur section. The observation rainfall data was covered a 20 year period (1999–2018). According to the method used, the analysis is based on series data on four rainfall stations, the watershed characteristics, and other parameters. Furthermore, the maximum flood discharge from the calculation is compared with the observational data at the Serenan station. The result shows that the best SUH is Gama I method compared to the observation maximum flood discharge in AWLR Serenan Station, with an 8.0% error. The other method, the SUH Nakayasu method with a 16.6% error, and the SUH SCS method with a 39.5% error.


Various current ripple analysis methods have been proposed to evaluate the quality of output power of the power electronic converters. If performed in real-time, the current ripple analysis can lead to novel variable frequency pulse-width modulation methods. In this work, novel current ripple analysis and prediction approach for a three-phase 3-L T-type converter using space vector PWM (SVPWM) are proposed, including a comprehensive theoretical analysis for the relationship of the 3-L SVPWM and ripple generation. The proposed generalized current ripple prediction approach is accurate, easy to implement and feasible for practical applications. Then, the dead-time effect on the current ripple prediction is presented. Both simulation and experimental studies are performed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Some of the most effective innovations in education have allowed fundamental changes to how individual students are being taught and assessed. Personalized learning models tailor learning to individual needs, accommodating students with diverse learning styles.


The steric layers of bis-hydrophilic diblock copolymers formed of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have been investigated through the direct examination of repulsive forces using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique. Increasing the KNO3 and Ba(NO3)2 concentrations causes a reduction in the extension of the PEO chains into the solution, but attractive forces are never observed. It is believed that the electrolyte level through the hydration of the polymer affects the conformation of the stabilizing PEO chains. Increasing electrolyte levels disrupt the hydrogen bonding between the polymer and solvent needed to create an extended polymer conformation.


The isothermal section of the Li-V-Sn system at 470 K has been investigated by X-ray phase analysis. There is an unmixing region, which extends at ternary system to about 12 at. % of Sn. Two ternary phases Li 1 1 V 3 Sn 4 and ∼LiV 2 Sn and solid solutions based on the binary compounds were obtained. Crystal structures were determined for both ternary phases: Li 1 1 V 3 Sn 4 is a superstructure to Li 1 3 Sn 5 binary compound, and LiV 2 Sn crystal-lizes in a BiF 3 structure type. The solubility of the third component in the binary compounds is less than 10 at. %.


During the production process of the antibiotics, mostly they have low utilization rate of raw materials, low-purity refining, and little pollution influence by high concentration of organic waste water, solid, gas and noise which are the major pollutants. The waste water's ingredient of antibiotics is very complicated, so to deal with it is more difficult. So far, we also take several measures to deal with it except a single approach, and make a separate way to solve the waste which is difficult to biochemical. We make the main way of recycling and burning to solid waste. The treatments of waste gas are mostly by absorbing, absorption, catalysis and buring in chief, there takes special attention to the treatment of waste gas during solving waste water's.


Economic inequality provides a fertile breeding ground for corruption and, in turn, leads to further inequalities. Most corruption models focus on the institutional determinants of government dishonesty. However, such accounts are problematic. Corruption is remarkably sticky over time. There is a very powerful correlation between cross-national measures corruption in 1980 and in 2004. In contrast, measures of democracy such as the Freedom House scores are not so strongly correlated over time, and changes in corruption are unrelated to changes in institutional design.


Electron diffraction and high‐resolution electron microscopic techniques are applied to reveal the mechanisms of crystallization of free standing 75‐nm‐thick thin films of ferroelectric lead‐zirconate‐titanate (PZT). Sol‐gel methods, followed by pyrolysis at 350 °C, were used to provide a common starting point after which a variety of rapid‐thermal annealing (RTA) experiments in the temperature range 400–700 °C were made in argon, oxygen, and nitrogen/hydrogen atmospheres. The results are interpreted in terms of a crystal chemical analysis, which points out that partial pressure of oxygen and heating rate are important experimental parameters which must be controlled if ferroelectric perovskite‐type Pb2(Zr,Ti)2O6, rather than pyrochlore‐type Pb2(Zr,Ti)2O6+X, where 0<X<1 or −1<X<0, is to be obtained after the RTA step. Thus significant improvements in the crystallization of perovskite‐type PZT were clearly demonstrated by using argon atmospheres for the RTA step. The results may have significance for the p...


This protocol describes the freezing of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which can later be used as feeder cells for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture. General notes 1. This protocol can be used to freeze MEFs before or after inactivation. 2. Throughout this protocol, the term hPSC is used to collectively refer to both hiPSCs and hESCs. All described procedures have been tested and work equally well for hiPSCs and hESCs. 3. MEFs were obtained as described in Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition (ISBN: 0879695919)


While house dust mite (HDM) sensitisation is strongly associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD), it is less commonly associated with food allergy. As infants with moderate to severe AD are high risk for the development of food allergy, we hypothesised that HDM sensitisation, through its documented effects on barrier dysfunction might further promote the development of food allergy in this cohort.


Though listening ability is one of the important skills in foreign language learning, there has been relatively little research in this specific area. The present study attempts to investigate the listening problems encountered by a group of first year English major students of Qassim University. 60 students who took the listening course in 20012/13 were selected for the study. Data was gathered by means of questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that accent, pronunciation, speed of speech, insufficient vocabulary, different accent of speakers, lack of concentration, anxiety, and bad quality of recording were the major listening comprehension problems encountered by EFL Saudi learners. Understanding students' learning difficulties may enable EFL teachers to help students develop effective learning strategies and ultimately improve their English listening abilities. Suggestions are made for addressing problems regarding how teachers can help their students overcome listening comprehension problems. The results of this study may also be useful for those who are interested in this field.


Solving inverse problems involving measurement noise and modeling errors re-quires regularization in order to avoid data overfit. Geophysical inverse problems, in which the Earth's highly heterogeneous structure is unknown, present a challenge in encoding prior knowledge through analytical expressions. Our main contribution is a generative-model-based regularization approach, robust to out-of-distribution data, which exploits the prior knowledge embedded in existing data and model pairs. Utilizing an amortized variational inference objective, a conditional normalizing flow (NF) is pretrained on pairs of low- and high-fidelity migrated images in order to achieve a low-fidelity approximation to the seismic imaging posterior distribution for previously unseen data. The NF is used after pretraining to reparameterize the unknown seismic image in an inversion scheme involving physics-guided data misfit and a Gaussian prior on the NF latent variable. Solving this optimization problem with respect to the latent variable enables us to leverage the benefits of data-driven conditional priors whilst being informed by physics and data. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed inversion scheme produces seismic images with limited artifacts when dealing with noisy and out-of-distribution data.


Hadith has an essential role in the ethical guidelines for seeking halal sustenance. This article aims to trace the validity and quality of the hadith in Sayyid Utsman al-Batawi's work entitled "Islah al-Hal bi Thalab al-Halal", a book that discusses virtues and prohibition of people lawfully seeking sustenance with hadiths of the Prophet as its validation. The method used in this article is the Takhrij method by al-'Iraqi in his work "al-Mughni". The method involves citing hadith text, mentioning narrators from the Prophet's sahabah, and concisely listing the sources and qualities of hadith.
The results are from 29 hadiths validating seeking halal sustenance in this book 19 hadiths have sahih quality, five hadiths have dha'if qualities, 17 hadiths have hasan quality, and two hadiths have not been judged due to lack of data and sources. On the other hand, the sources of hadith in this book are from Kutubuttis'ah and primary hadith books such as Mu'jam al-Thabrani and al-Mustadrak. Nevertheless, Sayyid Uthman did not appear to refer to these sources directly, but he quoted them from secondary references such as Ihya 'Ulumiddin by Imam al-Ghazali.


The phase transition from liquid to ordered state has been explored in Molecular Dynamics simulations of confined one-component plasma clouds (as in ion traps). The latent heat and specific heat have been extracted and compared with Coulombic matter. The transition temperature is found to be lower for finite systems than for infinite matter, and the difference depends on the number of confined particles.


An analysis is made of the phases of the bismuth-rhodium alloys, in particular, the crystals of alpha Bi/sub 2/Rh, beta Bi/sub 3/Rh, and alpha Bi/sub 4/Rh. The results for alpha Bi/sub 2/Rh are reasonably reproducible no matter what the method of analysis; the mean value corresponds to the stoichiometric composition (19.81 wt.% Rh). The results for beta Bi/sub 3/Rh agree with the x ray results (that the beta phase is Bi/sub 3/Rh not Bi/sub 4/Rh). The results for alpha Bi/sub 4/Rh deviate somewhat from the rational composition Bi/sub 4/Rh toward the enrichment in rhodium. The compositions of beta Bi/sub 3/Rh and alpha Bi/sub 4/Rh are 14.1 and 12.4 wt.% Rh, respectively. The process for isolating Bi/sub 2/Rh crystal and the transition temperature of this crystal are also discussed. (N.W.R.)


In large cities, the increasing number of vehicles private, society, merchandise, and public transport, has led to traffic congestion. Users spend much of their time in endless traffic congestion. To solve this problem, several solutions can be envisaged. The interest is focused on the  system of road signs: The use of a road infrastructure is controlled by a traffic light controller, so it is a matter of knowing how to make the best use of the controls of this system (traffic lights) so as to make traffic more fluid. The values of the commands computed by the controller are determined by an algorithm which is ultimately, only solves a mathematical model representing the problem to be solved. The objective is to make a study and then the comparison on the optimization techniques based on artificial intelligence1 to intelligently route vehicle traffic. These techniques make it possible to minimize a certain function expressing the congestion of the road network. It can be a function, the length of the queue at intersections, the average waiting time, also the total number of vehicles waiting at the intersection


In this paper, we study a trace-scaling count analog to digital conver ter, compare it with other ADC. By using EDA(Electronic Design Automatic) softwa re tool, the circuit are simulated. The investigation result shows, trace-scalin g count ADC can follow up the scent of input signal in time, can be suited to ga thering slow continuous signal of servo system.


Abstract This paper describes a distributed recursive heuristic approach for the origin–destination demand estimation problem for real-time traffic network management applications. The distributed nature of the heuristic enables its parallelization and hence reduces significantly its processing time. Furthermore, the heuristic reduces dependency on historical data that are typically used to map the observed link flows to their corresponding origin–destination pairs. In addition, the heuristic allows the incorporation of any available partial information on the demand distribution in the study area to improve the overall estimation accuracy. The heuristic is implemented following a hierarchal multi-threading mechanism. Dividing the study area into a set of subareas, the demand of every two adjacent subareas is merged in a separate thread. The merging operations continue until the demand for the entire study area is estimated. Experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the heuristic using hypothetical and real networks. The obtained results illustrate that the heuristic can achieve reasonable demand estimation accuracy while maintaining superiority in terms of processing time.


Remarkable progress has been made within nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and identifiable deep latent variable models. Formally, the latest nonlinear ICA theory enables us to recover the true latent variables up to a linear transformation by leveraging unsupervised deep learning. This is of significant importance for unsupervised learning in general as the true latent variables are of principal interest for meaningful representations. These theoretical results stand in stark contrast to the mostly heuristic approaches used for representation learning which do not provide analytical relations to the true latent variables. We extend the family of identifiable models by proposing an identifiable Variational Autoencoder (VAE) based GAN model we name iVAE-GAN. The latent space of most GANs, including VAE-GAN, is generally unrelated to the true latent variables. With iVAE-GAN we show the first principal approach to a theoretically meaningful latent space by means of adversarial training. We implement the novel iVAE-GAN architecture and show its identifiability, which is confirmed by experiments. The GAN objective is believed to be an important addition to identifiable models as it is one of the most powerful deep generative models. Furthermore, no requirements are imposed on the adversarial training leading to a very general model.


SUBTITLE: AS A RECENT EXPERIMENT IN CANADA HAS DEMONSTRATED, THE ELECTRONIC COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION OF AIR TRANSPORT STATISTICS HAS A NUMBER OF POTENTIAL BENEFITS FOR STAKEHOLDERS, INCLUDING THE PROVISION OF CONSISTENT AND TIMELY DATA AND REDUCED COLLECTION COSTS.


Background: Pathological conditions during pregnancy and until childbirth are important to pay attention to. One form of education is through pregnant women, which is a form of prenatal education that can increase their knowledge, attitude change, and positive behavior of pregnant women about anemia and Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Thus, every mother can conduct pregnancy and childbirth examinations for the health workers. The aim was to reduce maternal and child mortality rates.Objectives: This study aimed to measure the effect of pregnant women's class learning on their knowledge and attitudes about anemia and CED prevention. Methods: The study was a quasi-experiment using the one-group pretest-posttest design approach, with a sample size of 55 pregnant women taken randomly. The study was conducted from June to July 2019 at the Banda Mulia Aceh Tamiang Health Center. Data collection of knowledge and attitudes was conducted using direct interview techniques and questionnaire instruments. Statistical analyses were performed using a Dependent T-test with a significance level of 95%.Results: After the intervention, most of the pregnant women had good knowledge (61,8%) and positive attitudes (87,3%). There was an effect of class learning for pregnant women on knowledge (p= 0,042) and attitudes (p= 0,038) regarding the prevention of anemia and chronic energy deficiency (CED).Conclusion: Classroom learning for pregnant women improves their knowledge and attitudes regarding the prevention of anemia and chronic energy deficiency.


: First of all, give full consideration to various uncertain factors, reasonably determine the peak load value in 2030, by judging near the critical value of models and number of samples, minimizing the probability of wrongful convictions, to get the best solution: add outfit type one unit 3, type 2 units 3, type 3 unit 2 sets, type four units 1. Secondly, using linear programming, this paper puts forward according to various possible situations in practice. The improved inspection method makes the benefit higher. According to the subsection method and weight comparison method, 3 sets of unit type 1, 0 sets of unit type 2, 3 sets of unit type 3 and 1 set of unit type 4 are obtained. Finally, according to enumeration methods and statistical concepts, when the average value is taken, LOLP is 0.000384 and EENS is. When the median value is taken, LOLP is 0.001249 and EENS is. The second question USES the linear programming, obtains adds the type 3 sets, other types 0 sets.


The object of this paper is the meaning of comfort to the modern brazilian architects. The goal is to understand what was comfort to these architects, especially related to the habitation. The research was made through the texts written by the modern architects, found in magazines of architecture, urbanism and engineering, in a period between 1925 and 1960. Analyzing these texts, we could find two meanings to comfort: environmental comfort and convenience. We could find that the idea of comfort is related to several concepts, like efficiency, technique, aesthetics, privacity, and others.


Indus river water gets polluted through three sources viz., municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff through drainage structure. The lakes in Sindh (fed by the river Indus), constitute the important source of drinking water, recreation and fish, etc. and offer employment for many. A large number of chemicals that either exist naturally in the land dissolve in the water, or human excreta added due to human activity thereby, contaminating and leading to various diseases. In order to assess the microbial contamination, detection of pollutant indicator organisms (coliform group), using Coliform test was performed by Most Probable Number technique and total bacterial count by Pour Plate method. The level of various heavy metals (arsenic, calcium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, selenium & zinc) and electrolytes (Cl -1 , HCO3 -1 ) was monitored in water and fish meat samples collected from Haleji and Keenjhar lakes to assess the impact of toxic pollutants. Metal concentrations in water and fish samples were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Total coliform organisms were found in both the lake water samples, exceeded in 38% samples than the acceptable limits, while total average aerobic bacterial count analyzed in both the lakes was 10 2 CFU/ml – 10 10 CFU/ml. Toxic chemical contaminants were estimated below the detection limit, while other several (essential) metal ions were found within the range set by WHO, except arsenic, cadmium and iron that exceeded slightly in 12.5% water samples. This study was designed to ensure the access of safe and potable water to urban & rural areas of Sindh. Further, the findings will help public/private enterprises and public health institutions to work for the people health friendly policies.


These proceedings have a regional character and the term region denotes societies that were, up until recently in historical terms, bound by the borders of a common state. These different societies are connected by more than just neighbourly relations. Not only do they share the common inheritance, history, and destiny, they share the problems which the process of becoming independent did not manage to erase. Old difficulties were accompanied by new dilemmas regarding social, economic and political processes that these societies had to go through, processes that largely determine the social position of women. The proceedings also try to bring the contributions from the feminist perspective closer to the scientific and the interested audience, as this perspective has had a rich tradition in this region in the past several decades. Feminist ideas were the ones supporting the fight for peace, human rights, interethnic and interreligious tolerance. We tried to make our work a continuation of this tradition by networking scientists, activists and policy makers from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia.The readers of this publication have 5 chapters before them which cover various anthropological, psychological, sociological, political, and legal foundations and perspectives of gender equality of young women. The proceedings discussed gender relations and the ways in which they are formed within the ideal-type sections: education, labour market, family, violence against women, and culture.


THERE HAS BEEN PRECIOUS LITTLE CONSULTATION ON THE UK'S CONSULTATION ON THE POSSESSION OF EXTREME PORNOGRAPHIC MATERIAL THOUGH THERE ARE SERIOUS GROUNDS FOR ALARM


Geometrical correction, used in statistical analysis on interhalogen interactions, provides a new insight into the nature of halogens. Statistical analysis without geometrical correction shows preference for Type 1 interactions over Type 2 interactions, but the trend is reversed after geometrical correction. It is known that polarizability in F is very small and hence should not show much preference for any particular angle in C–F···F–C interactions. Statistical analysis without geometrical correction could not prove it, but it is demonstrated here after geometrical correction. It is shown here that population after geometrical corrections vs θ1 and θ2 plots provides more meaningful information than the usually practiced population vs Δθ plot. The geometrical corrections proposed here are more general and can be used in several other interactions to eliminate geometrical bias from the statistical data in the process of extracting true chemical information from statistical analysis.


sent no special difficulties' (225), which is surely questionable, not least because of the controversial closing lines of NE 6.9 (1142b31-3). Sometimes, too, P. presents as obvious his own rather idiosyncratic views (for instance, interpreting Aristotle's pros heteron qualification for justice as 'as shown towards strangers' (188-9, see also 202-3)). However, he frequently does flag up when he is offering a non-standard reading or view, and so long as the reader retains a healthy scepticism and employs his interpretations as starting-points, rather than the final word (as I am sure P. would want), no damage should be done. Finally, I suppose some may object to a few of P.'s translation choices – in particular, 'administrative ability' for phronêsis might make it sound as though the phronimos will turn out to be some kind of civil servant. But P. at least has the merit of attempting to explain and justify his choices, and even tries to teach his target reader the Greek for some key terms (providing helpful pronunciation tips), and thereby obviates the problem of translation to a certain extent. Overall, I think the book will serve as an excellent introduction to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics for P.'s target audience (and this will not be its sole use: I am sure many graduate students and scholars will benefit from it as well). Read alongside, e.g., Broadie's commentary to Rowe's good new translation (2002), the student P. has in mind is in a better position than ever to get to grips with Aristotle's seminal work on ethics. GILES PEARSON Christ's College, Cambridge


An experimental facility was developed to investigate the nonboiling heat transfer performance of water spray cooling. The effects of mass flux and wall temperature on heat transfer coefficient and heat flux were experimentally studied. It was found that heat transfer coefficient increased with the increasing of mass flux and wall temperature. Generalized correlations were developed for the Nusselt number related to wall temperature and the average Nusselt number as a function of the spray Reynolds number and the nondimensional temperature with an absolute error of 4% and 15% when the Reynolds number is more than 440. Compared with the data of Oliphant et al., it was observed that the usage field of the correlations could be extended to Reynolds number greater than 240.


It is argued that, from a statistical analysis of the references cited in the engineering literature, the age of the references cited by the engineering research community can be modeled according to the simple lognormal probability density function (pdf). A more natural estimate of the age of a paper is not the number of years elapsed since its publication but the logarithm of this number. Hence, the temporal distance between two references is better estimated by the ratio of their ages rather than by their difference. This pdf gives a time frame for gauging the period that is necessary to separate research with lasting value from research yielding more ephemeral results. It provides a temporal framework for describing the relevant information that authors extract from the literature. A well-structured research archive (or a collection of books about a specialty in a library) should contain papers or books (the choice of which is, of course, subjective) whose age is distributed proportionately to the lognormal pdf. >


The invention discloses a container transport vehicle and a self-loading and unloading device thereof. The self-loading and unloading device comprises a hoisting component (5), wherein the hoisting component (5) comprises a base (54), a bent suspension arm component (51) and a first hydraulic oil cylinder (52); the base (54) is fixed on one side of a chassis of the container transport vehicle; a first end of the suspension arm component (51) is hinged on the base (54), and a second end of the suspension arm component (51) is provided with an object acquiring device (513); the object acquiring device (513) comprises a suspension chain and a locking mechanism positioned on the lower side of the suspension chain; and a first end of the first hydraulic oil cylinder (52) is hinged on the base (54), and a second end of the first hydraulic oil cylinder (52) is hinged in the middle of the suspension arm component (51). By the self-loading and unloading device, the transport vehicle can finish the loading and the unloading of containers from the side face of a vehicle body independently.


Retreatment Chemotherapy This consists in the use of the drugs listed in the lower half of Table 1.17–19,62 It is essential that retreatment be initiated in the hospital. In persons who have never ...


The demand for low cost, efficient and sustainable energy is ever increasing. Since fifteen years, absorption or energy storage using pure-silica zeolites (zeosils) has been developed and opened a new field of applications for these exciting microporous solids [1]. The basic idea focuses on the forced penetration (intrusion), upon a certain pressure, of water or aqueous salt solutions (non-wetting liquid) into a hydrophobic porous material. During this intrusion, the mechanical energy can be converted into interfacial one. Depending on various physical parameters of the porous material - such as its pore system, its dimensionality and pore size - when pressure is released (extrusion) the "zeosil-water" system is able to restore, dissipate or absorb the supplied mechanical energy accumulated during the compression step, with a more or less significant hysteresis, displaying a spring, shock-absorber or bumper behavior, respectively. In the present work, the energetic performances of pure-silica zeolites (Si-FER and Si-CHA) are studied by means of intrusion−extrusion experiments with water and electrolytic aqueous solutions (MgCl2, NaCl). The samples, before and after such experiments, have been fully characterized by conventional X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric (TG) analyses and N2 adsorption−desorption experiments. The intrusion of the species (water and cations) has been followed by situ high pressure (HP) synchrotron XRPD during compression and decompression. Diffraction experiments were carried out on the SNBL1 (BM01a) beamline at ESRF (Grenoble), using a modified Merril-Bassett DAC and the electrolytic aqueous solution as Pressure Transmitting Medium (PTM)


The paper presents an application of transfer learning using convolutional neural network (CNN) in recognition of the drill state on the basis of hole images drilled in the laminated chipboard. Three classes are recognized: red, yellow and green, which correspond with 3 stages of drill state. Red class indicates the drill, which is worn out and should be replaced immediately in drilling process. Yellow class corresponds to the state in which warning should be sent to the operator to check manually state of the drill. The last class corresponds to the green state indicating good condition of drill, enabling further use in production. The important advantage of transfer learning approach is possibility of training classification model using only small portion of data. This is in contrast to the classical deep learning methods of convolutional neural networks, which require very large data base to achieve acceptable accuracy of class recognition. The results of numerical experiments in drill state recognition have confirmed suitability of this novel method to accurate class recognition at small population of available learning data.


An absolute akinesia and anaesthesia has been attained in 28 of our cases as %82 and in 31 as %91, in which two of the cases an additional subconjuctival anaesthetic use has been required and only in one case we've been unsuccesful. Peroperative subconjunctival oedema (%26) and postoperative subconjunctival hyperemia-hemorrhagia (%32) have been determined to be the most frequently cofronted complications.


Japan's disaster preparedness drill at the Hokkaido Electric Power Plant at Tomari to be resilient to possible 3.4 meters tsunami test-beds the inter-linkage of disaster preparedness and corporate social responsibility. Vibrant Asia and re-focused North America (new leadership in the USA) prepares for shared value-based global supply chains, amidst the threat of disaster disruptions and environmental sustainability challenges. This paper posits Economic Value Added (EconVA) and Ecology Value Added (EcoVA) to objectively structure disaster preparedness. Research gap exists in the disaster preparedness domain as a sustainability measure for corporate social responsibility. This paper draws on recent literature including the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 and Sendai Framework for Disaster Rick Reduction 2015-2030 to configure the following research propositions: a) can the linkage of EVA and Eco-VA be embedded into organisation's CSR agenda to create competitiveness through savings through disaster preparedness with focus on Japan?; b) could the disaster preparedness linked CSR measure be unified for Asia and North America through a comprehensible visual metric (dash-board) evolved with Japan? Ordinal regression analysis were performed with EcoVA parameters: i) water; ii) waste; iii) energy and EconVA attributes: a) cost of capital; b) return on assets; c) operating assets, with dependent variables of CSR and disaster preparedness. Significance of 0.012 justifies the research propositions.


The majority of anomaly detection processes used for hyperspectral image data are based on pixel-by-pixel whitening and thresholding operations using local area statistics. This paper discusses an alternative approach to anomaly detection in which a mixture model is fitted to the whole of the image. This mixture model may be used to segment the image into component memberships and these may, in turn, be used for anomaly detection. In this study the mixture model is generated for the whole scene using the stochastic expectation maximization (SEM) algorithm. This is parameterized such that mixture components consisting of small numbers of pixels are eliminated. The maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) mixture component for each pixel is then determined. The pixel may then be examined using a conventional statistical hypothesis test to see whether it is plausible that it was drawn from the distribution of the identified component, at a given significance level. This anomaly detection process has been examined using both synthetic and real hyperspectral imagery and results are presented here for real data containing no known military targets and for synthesized imagery which includes military target pixels. A range of results is presented for different parameterizations of the SEM algorithm and significance test. These results include the component map of the imagery and anomalous pixel maps at given significance levels.


The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), the largest such facility in the U.S., is discussed with respect to instrumentation in general and mechanisms in particular. The design philosophy and detailed implementation of a universal probe mechanism for TFTR is discussed.


ii Masters In Design by Project Proposal iii Rationale and context for the research iv Timeline/ Outcomes v Selected Bibliography viii


The process of production of a muon pair by the annihilation of a positron with an atomic electron with a large transfer of momentum q> or =m to the nucleus (m is the mass of an electron) is considered in the range 330 MeV< or approx. =E< or approx. =1 GeV of energies of the incident positron.


In this paper,an expert system based on rule based reasoning is presented. Combined with the data of fault waveform recorder,setting and operation data,it makes inference according to the various rules of scheduling personnel and experts with years of experience summed up,and then make the analysis and evaluations of the relay protection equipment action for regional power grid. By the principle of differential protection,inter-phase distance protection and zero-sequence directional protection,the actual action is combined to make an analysis and evaluation. Lastly,an analysis software system is developed with VC + + interface design to be applied to the regional power grid.


This study is a study on the entrepreneurial characteristics of entrepreneurship by marketing competency. This study examines the relationship between the characteristics of entrepreneurs and their marketing competence, and examines the effects of these characteristics on entrepreneurial performance. The results of the empirical analysis show that the characteristics of entrepreneurs influence on entrepreneurship performance. Second, marketing competence affects entrepreneurial performance. Third, it is found that the characteristics of entrepreneurs influence the entrepreneurial performance according to marketing competence. Therefore, this study confirms that the characteristics of entrepreneurs and marketing competence affect the performance of entrepreneurship, and that the characteristics of entrepreneurs influence the entrepreneurship performance according to marketing competence. Therefore, It is significant to provide theory and implications.


We have found the root of the pseudo-spin symmetry to the Dirac equation. We found two kinds of conditions for the pseudo-spin approximation both for the case of the spherical potential and for the deformed potential.


In this paper we describe an empirical study of human-human multi-tasking dialogues (MTD), where people perform multiple verbal tasks overlapped in time. We examined how conversants switch from the ongoing task to a real-time task. We found that 1) conversants use discourse markers and prosodic cues to signal task switching, similar to how they signal topic shifts in single-tasking speech; 2) conversants strive to switch tasks at a less disruptive place; and 3) where they cannot, they exert additional effort (even higher pitch) to signal the task switching. Our machine learning experiment also shows that task switching can be reliably recognized using discourse context and normalized pitch. These findings will provide guidelines for building future speech interfaces to support multi-tasking dialogue.


Prop. 3. 11. 49, . . . cape, Roma, triumphum, roughly corresponds to line 49 of Ovid's elegy. Propertius tells Rome to have her triumph, while Ovid is admitting his own position as a captive in Amor's triumph. A similar correspondence of ideas is found in the next line of each elegy where both poets plead for an untroubled life. Propertius asks this boon for Augustus, but Ovid asks it for himself. Even though the contrast between Prop. 3. 11. 49-50 and Am. 1. 2. 49-50 is less specific than that of the two distichs praising Caesar, Ovid, by insinuating that Rome's triumph over Cleopatra is in some way analogous to Cupid's triumph over him, has transferred Propertius' serious idea to a much lighter context, exactly as he has done concerning Caesar in the following distich. This evidence from outside the Propertian text, then, provides the final and most conclusive proof of the validity of this transposition.


The pseudo-distance technique (PDT) in lossless compression of color-mapped images has proved to be effective. We showed previously that by utilizing the PDT along with the Burrows-Wheeler transformation and an entropy coder, we obtained better compression gain than other well-known generic image compressors e.g. Portable Network Graphics (PNG). Most of these techniques have been designed as sequential image compression algorithms. In this paper, we propose a method for the PDT which allows to the parallelization of the PDT and reduces the compression time significantly.


Low frequency ultrasound (LFUS) provides an analysis mode for speech processing applications which is intrinsically robust to audible noise. Current solutions tend to rely on Doppler frequency shift to estimate movement of facial components during speech production. However, these approaches do not consider special attributes of LFUS propagation inside the vocal tract and consequently they do not discriminate between speech related and other forms of facial movements. This paper investigates the LFUS resonance characteristics of the vocal tract and uses these characteristics to develop a novel approach to determine the status of the mouth (open/partially-open/closed). The proposed system provides high precision in detecting mouth status and provides a significant improvement to Doppler systems by being robust to variations of the direction of the face towards the ultrasonic source. The underlying paradigm is highly applicable in silent speech interfaces, multimodal voice activity detection, and hands-free control of rehabilitation devices for the disabled.


In this Issue: Modelling Myopathies in Zebrafish ................. pg2 Why so Blue? ................ pg 2 Conservative Heat Limits Spell Tropical Trouble............... pg3 Much ado About Zinc............... pg5 Limited Oxygen Availability in utero may Constrain the Evolution of Live-birth in Reptiles ............... pg5 Fruitflies may be the Key to Unlocking the Ancestral Role of MACPF Proteins................. pg6 Impacts of Nitrogen Limitation on the Sinking Rate of Emiliania huxleyi................. pg7 Dietary Cholesterol Modulates Pathogen Blocking by Wolbachia .................. pg7 Research in the Evolutionary and Invasion Biology Group.................. pg8 Flyway Networks: Connecting Pathogens to New Hosts in far Away Lands .................. pg9 Mitochondria, Maternal Inheritance and the Evolution of Male Life Histories................. pg10 KNOX2 Genes Regulate the Haploid-to-Diploid Morphological Transition in Land Plants .................. pg11 Human Population Density Explains Alien Species Richness in Protected Areas ...................... pg13 The Microtome The Newsletter of the School of Biological Sciences Research Edition


According to the features of formation EW system information fusion,this paper constructs the structure of information fusion simulation system,describes the ways and strategies of formation EW system multi source information fusion,puts forward the mathematics model of information fusion evaluation and the problem need to be solved emphatically about information fusion of formation EW system.


Many studies use the temporal record of dendrochronologically -dated fire scars to document properties of fire regimes before human interference (e.g. fire suppression, logging, and agriculture) became pervasive. Such reconstructions provide vital information that can be used by land management agencies when designing and implementing fire management policies, and are especially useful for justifying the reintroduction of fire to areas where fire has long been excluded by humans. Tree -ring based fire history studies produce large quantities of data that require efficient tools for compilation, organization, and analysis. In this paper, I describe the development and use of FHX2, software comprised of individual modules designed specifically for (1) entering and archiving of fire history data, (2) creating graphs that display both temporal and spatial features of the site fire history, (3) conducting statistical analyses on fire intervals and seasonality, and (4) performing superposed epoch analysis to analyze climate /wildfire interactions. Although designed to analyze fire history, the software can be used to analyze any set of events recorded in the tree ring record, such as growth suppressions and releases, floods, and insect outbreaks.


Superficial fungal infections of the skin are frequent in the tropics and regularly haunt travelers due to predisposing humid climate and modified re-creational behavior in public sport facilities in holiday resorts. Statistically they are only exceeded by pyodermias. Apart from Pityriasis versicolor as an often observed superficial mycosis during or after staying in the tropics, the most important superficial fungal dermatoses are caused either by ubiquitous or geographically limited dermatophytes, which lead to a variety of clinical appearances and require different therapeutic strategies. The following disorders are considered: Pityriasis versicolor, Tinea pedum et manuum, Tinea corporis, Tinea capitis and Candidiasis. The deep mycoses like Mycetoma, Sporotrichosis, Chromomycosis or Lobo's disease are rarely imported and only exceptionally diagnosed in travelers from Europe.


We used monoclonal antibody ELISAs, antigen molecular size distribution, competition ELISA and neonatal mouse immune tolerance methods to detect potential neoantigen formation and increased immunogenicity following severe dry‐heat treatment of high‐purity factor VIII (Liberate) and factor IX concentrates. To provide positive controls, concentrates were heated in solution (70°C for 2 h) to produce denaturation on purpose. The competition ELISA applied to factor IX proved particularly useful for quantifying differences between the positive control and the dry‐heated/unheated concentrates. None of the test systems employed by us indicated any detectable neoantigen formation or any alteration in immunogenicity following terminal severe dry‐heat treatment of the high‐purity concentrates, and this finding is supported by clinical experience so far.


This study investigated the foliar anatomy and venation patterns of thirteen species of the genus Diospyros in Nigeria with a view to identifying characters of great taxonomic value in the genus. Plant collections were made from different locations in Southwest Nigeria and the site of collection georeferenced with a GPS device. Samples were identified at the Herbarium of Botany Department, Obafemi Awolowo University (IFE). Voucher Specimens were deposited in the herbarium and voucher number assigned to each of the species. The samples were subjected to foliar epidermal and venation examinations. Qualitative data were recorded as the quantitative data were subjected to statistical analysis and the characters vary significantly (P = 0.05). Epidermal and venation characters which separate the taxa include stomata type, size and index, shape and size of epidermal cell, trichome type, presence/ absence of crystal/druses, as well as venation. Paxillate venation in D. suaveolens is diagnostic for the species. The presence of parenchymatous sheath over the veins and veinlets in D. tricolor is a spot character. The study reveals that leaf epidermal and venation characters are important in delimitation of species in the genus Diospyros.


Rapid growth in the scientific literature makes it increasingly difficult for scientists to keep abreast of findings outside their own narrowing fields of expertise. To help biomedical researchers address this problem, LitLinker uses literature-based discovery to find new connections between biomedical terms that could lead to new directions in research. In this paper, we discuss the design of an interface that supports researchers' interactive exploration of the identified connections. Because the interface suggests many possible new connections, researchers must be able to understand how connections are established and to evaluate those connections based on their own expertise. Based on the results of our user study, we have further tailored the interface to support the work processes of biomedical researchers. LitLinker's interaction design promotes user-comprehension of the complex relationships among connected terms and allows for dialogue with researchers on the use of literature in scientific discovery.


Results of an extended and complete investigation period at the Thermoselect{reg_sign} solid waste demonstration plant in Fondotoce, Italy, will be discussed. The demonstration plant is an in-line process for commingled wastes combining a compression step, coking oven, and high temperature gasification using oxygen to achieve total decomposition of solid waste and simultaneous production of pollutant-free energy rich synthesis gas, inert and non-toxic vitrified mineral product, and the recovery of metals from the solid wastes. The process air emissions are by a significant margin below the current European and proposed USEPA, NSPS emission standards for MWCs. All processing water and that from the solid waste is recovered, cleaned in-house and reused by the process.


This paper presents applicative constructions in Javanese Dialect of Kudus (or JDK for short). For Kudus people, Indonesian has become the favored language and JDK is considered inferior. This situation discourages the study of dialect. Therefore, a corpus was constructed in a fieldwork, sampling three genres: spontaneous conversation, elicited spoken narratives, and newspaper articles. The results indicate the existence of two constructions, one marked by –i and one marked by either standard –(a)ke or dialectal –na . Generally –i occurs more frequently than –na and –(a)ke , but the relative prominence of the other two markers –na and –(a)ke is not consistent. This might be a genre effect that occurs in these corpora. There appears to be a conscious selection of the dialect-marked form –na by the writer of the articles who ignores the use of –(a)ke .This study also demonstrates that adult speakers use –n a twice as frequently as do the youngers. By contrast –(a)ke is used more frequently by younger speakers than adults. The marker –i is used with approximately the same frequency by both groups. However, the preference of the younger for the standard variant is highly suggestive despite not being significant.


A series of interference patterns are presented systematically by manipulating the surface waves (SWs) interference. Based on the numerical simulation, the periodic patterns in different lattices are presented by varying the opening angle and the number of SWs beams. According the diffraction order waves theory, the period of the pattern produced by two SWs interference can be calculated by a simplified equation. It illustrates the period is related to the diffraction order. And the included angle between the two SWs waves leads to the period changing as a sine curve. Additionally, it is shown that the number of SWs beams gives rise to different pattern types. Their period could be calculated by some general equations, which are agreed well with the simulation. At last, more complicated quasi-periodic and non-periodic patterns are demonstrated by superposing more SWs in different angle. What's more, infinite SWs interference superposition is analyzed. And the pattern is composed with many concentric rings, which is similar to the light of Bessel beam. This work gives a fundamental analysis for near field interference of SWs, which is helpful for nanoscale device design.


Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) promotes long‐term positive health behaviours, such as physical activity (PA), in patients following a cardiovascular event. We have limited knowledge of long‐term PA and its correlates. Therefore, this research examined both PA behaviour and socioecological correlates among elderly graduates 2‐6 years following CR.


Abstract Purpose We conducted this study to review our local experience of performing peripherally inserted central catheters by interventional radiology technologists. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of peripherally inserted central catheters performed by interventional radiology technologists. These procedures were performed using ultrasound guidance for venous puncture and fluoroscopy or electrocardiography guidance followed by chest X-ray to confirm tip location. Results We reviewed all peripherally inserted central catheters performed in interventional radiology between May 2017 and July 2020. The review process included the success rate, number of venous puncture attempts, method of guidance, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, catheter duration to removal, and complications. Conclusion Interventional radiology technologists can perform peripherally inserted central catheters safely with high success rate. Extending interventional radiology technologists' role to perform peripherally inserted central catheters allow interventional radiologists to do more complex procedures. This enhances the workflow, increases the interventional radiology team efficiency, and improves the waiting time.


From the Publisher:
Even the best programmers can find the details of handling graphics files to be a tricky and often frustrating experience. You have to resolve memory management, format conversion, file compression, and a host of other complex issues before you can even think about reading, writing, and processing graphics files. This technical source book gives C and C++ programmers the tools they need to incorporate efficient graphics-handling routines in their code, including compression techniques for very large graphics files, with detailed analyses of the most popular and innovative schemes, including JPEG; memory-management strategies for segmented (DOS) and virtual (Macintosh, UNIX, NT, and OS/2) environments; algorithms and code for format conversions, as well as a guide to reconciling file formats with printer formats; a special framework for bitmap files; and platform-independent C and C++ source code.


Background: KMD‐3213 is an α1A‐adrenoceptor‐selective antagonist currently being developed for the treatment of urinary outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the present study, the uroselectivity of KMD‐3213 was evaluated and compared with that of prazosin and tamsulosin in a decerebrate dog model.


AbstractThe loss of strength and durability because of the presence of moisture leads to moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. Differences in the drinking water characteristics, used in moisture sen...


Digital sensors, providing excellent quality with respect tu geometry and radiometry, are more and more replacing traditional analogue photogrammetric data acquisition. Allowing for a completely digital data flow, particularly line scanners based on the three-line principle offer new opportunities for higher productivity and for cost reduction, since automated processing of orthoimages and DEM does not depend on specific and expensice photogrammetric hardware components. With the airborne version of the HRSC (High Resolution Stereo Camera) the efficiency of this end-to-end approach to digital photogrammetric mapping has been proven with many projects during the past 7 years. The system can be applied to data of any three-line sensor since it is based on the general camera model of a multi-line camera. Thus, besides photogrammetric data products derived from imagery of the HRSC versions HRSC-A/AX/AXW, also data of LH Systems ADS40 have been processed successfully.


The auger drill miner is a kind of mining equipment for thin and ultra-thin seams mining,it can improve the recovery rate of coal and prevent the gas outburst,and workers are useless for workface,so it has a huge potential market.The working principle and design method of cutiing teeth are introduced,can give a help for drilling shearer design.


The dispersive interaction of nonpolar solutes with nonpolar solvents is investigated in model systems consisting of solutions of dimethyl-tetraacetylene, di-t-butyl-tetraacetylene, dimethyl-pentaacetylene or di-t-butyl-pentaacetylene in binary mixtures of cyclohexane/carbondisulfide or n-pentan/carbondisulfide. For this purpose the 1Σ 1Σ transition in the electronic spectrum of the solutions has been recorded. With increasing concentration of the more strongly interacting solvent component (i.e. carbondisulfide) bathochromic shifts δν of the transition frequency accompanied by a decrease in oscillator strength fM are observed, which are consistent with calculated values based on a previously proposed exciton model [1].


War and the apocalypse it brings are at the heart of a decisive new réévaluation of documentary reporting. The reason is that, during a war, facts have an exceptional amplitude and importance. They constitute a colossal mise en scène compared with which that of Caesar and Cleopatra (Gabriel Pascal, J. Arthur Rank; GB, 1945)) or Intolerance (D.W. Griffith, Wark; US, 1916) looks as though it were the set for a small show touring the provinces. But these facts also constitute a real mise en scène, which is used only once. The drama also takes place "for real," for the protagonists have agreed to die at the same time as they are shot by the camera, like enslaved gladiators in the circus arena. Thanks to film, the world is cleverly saving money on the cost of its wars, since the latter are used for two purposes, history and cinema, thus reminding us of those less-than-conscientious


The paper describes a design case of an accessible handweaving loom that allows people with different kinds of disabilities to weave autonomously promoting self-expression and stimulating creativity. The project developed through several iterative cycles resulting in the redesign of a commercial loom enhanced and transformed using digital fabrication technology. People with various types of disabilities, their caregivers and weaving experts were engaged in a series of participatory design workshops focused on eliciting requirements and desires and inspiring the design process. The discussion of the design case offers a contribution on design for accessibility and a concrete case to reflect on the importance of supporting and stimulating self-expression and creativity in people with special needs.


To the Editor: Tularemia, a zoonotic bacterial illness caused by Francisella tularensis, is extremely infectious and potentially fatal, especially in immunocompromised hosts such as bone marrow or solid organ transplant recipients. Tularemia in the posttransplant period has been reported rarely in the literature. Here, we present a case of glandular tularemia in a 24-year-old male kidney transplant recipient who presented 12 months after transplant with cervical lympadenopathy. Pathologic examination of the lymph node biopsy showed chronic necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, which suggested tuberculous lympadenitis. However, because the patient lived in a region in which tularemia is endemic, a real-time polymerase chain reaction–based test for tularemia was performed on the lymph node specimen and found to be positive. When subjected to an F tularensis microagglutination test, the patient's serum also was positive at a titer of 1:320. Aminoglycosides were not administered due to possible nephrotoxicity; instead, he was started on treatment with doxycycline, 100 mg, twice daily for 4 weeks. At the latest follow-up, cervical lymphadenopathy had resolved and the patient was asymptomatic. Tularemia rarely has been reported in transplant recipients. We could identify only 4 published cases, including a case in a liver transplant recipient, 2 cases in bone marrow transplant recipients, and one prior case in a kidney transplant recipient (Table 1). Three of the 5 patients had systemic presentation of tularemia and one died. A high level of suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and institution of effective antibiotic therapy are required for the management of tularemia in the posttransplant period, especially in endemic areas.


This study investigates a coupling field of grouped wind waves and the resultant long waves on a bar type beach. The numerical results based on the Boussinesq equation have been compared with the analytical ones for the long waves generated by the time varying breaking point mechanism. The comparison aims at elucidating the mutual interaction process between the wind waves and long waves. The influence of the long waves on short waves is found to be significant for after-breaking zone through the alteration of eddy viscosity coefficient.


iRhom2 inhibits proinflammatory signaling that stimulates liver fibrosis (Sundaram et al., in 29 October 2019 issue). iRhom2 is an essential cofactor for ADAM17, the metalloprotease that sheds both the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) from the cell surface. In this issue of Science Signaling, Sundaram et al. demonstrate a protective role for iRhom2 in promoting ADAM17-mediated shedding of TNFRs in hepatic stellate cells, which reduces TNFR signaling and liver fibrosis in response to injury.


The purposes of this study are to evaluate and discuss the importance of geochemical properties of soil materials that play an important role in the occurrence of the landslide, using analyses of microtexture, particle size distribution, XRC, and FE-SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectrum on soils collected from landslide slopes of gneiss, granite and sedimentary rock areas. Soils from gneiss and granite areas where landslides took place have much clay content relative to those from non landslide areas, particularly pronounced in the granite area. Therefore the clay content is considered a sensitive factor on landslide. Clay minerals contained in soils are illite, chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite. Especially the content of clay minerals in soils from the Tertiary sedimentary rocks is highest, with abundant montmorillonite as expandable species. It is believed that this area was much vulnerable to landslide comparable to other areas because of its high content of monoorillonite, even though there might be weak precipitation. Since no conspicuous differentiation in mineralogy between the landslide area and non landslide area can be made, the occurrence of landslide may be influenced not by mineralogy, but by local geography and mechanical properties of soils. Geochemical information on weathering properties, mineralogy, and microtexture of soils is helpful to better understand the causes and patterns of landslide, together with engineering geological analyses.


Chen and Arnold (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 5618−5622) have generated a 10 amino acid mutant (PC3) of subtilisin E (SE) that has enhanced activity in mixed DMF/water solvent systems. Through the use of molecular dynamics simulations on both SE and PC3 in water, DMF, and DMF/water (PC3 only) solvent systems, we have provided insights into how nonaqueous solvents affect protein structure and dynamics. On the basis of the observations reported herein, we propose that the PC3 mutant protein is more compatible with DMF as solvent than is the native SE protein. The concept of solvent compatibility embodies the ideas that in order for a protein to be active in organic solvents it must be able to retain its overall shape and that it must not become too rigid such that catalytic activity is compromised. Moreover, neither should the active site region be obstructed by conformational changes that block or structurally alter the active site nor should the active site binding pocket be blocked by solvent ...


Li2TiO3 ceramic is being considered as promising solid breeder materials in tritium breeding blanket of thermonuclear fusion reactors, because of its reasonable lithium atom density, prominent tritium release rate at low temperatures between 200 to 400oC, its low activation characteristics, low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity. From design aspect it has found that blanket made of spherical pebble is advantageous because it impart good features like, easy for making complex shapes blanket, uniform pore network, low sensitivity to irradiation damage and cracking, high average bed density and good purge gas drop.
In this work, Li2TiO3 powder was prepared by solid state route. Li2TiO3 pellets with three different binder content, i.e. 3%, 5% and 7% PVA, were prepared. Then, the effect of binder content and sintering temperature (three different temperatures 9000C, 10000C, and 11000C) on density, thermal expansion and microstructure were investigated. Based on this result, Li2TiO3 pebble was fabricated with 3 wt% PVA by extrusion and spheronisation process and after sintering bulk density was measured.


During UV.-irradiation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and esters in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions various alkyl and acyl type radicals derived from parent compounds and solvents have been observed by ESR.-spectroscopy. The structures of the radicals point to α-cleavage, β-dehalogenation and photoreduction as major photolytic processes of carboxylic acids and esters. The relative contributions of these processes to the overall photodecompositions depend on the carboxyl substituents, on solvent and temperature. Similarities of carboxyl and carbonyl group photochemistry are discussed.