This paper identifies the key behavioral challenges in designing a principal-support office system and our approaches to them. These challenges included designing a system which office principals would find useful and would directly use themselves. Ultimately, the system, called the Speech Filing System (SFS), became primarily a voice store and forward message system with which users compose, edit, send, and receive audio messages, using telephones as terminals. Our approaches included behavioral analyses of principals' needs and irritations, controlled laboratory experiments, several years of training, observing, and interviewing hundreds of actual SFS users, several years of demonstrating SFS to thousands of potential users and receiving feedback, empirical studies of alternative methods of training and documentation, continual major modifications of the user interface, simulations of alternative user interfaces, and actual SFS usage analyses. The results indicate that SFS is now relatively easy to learn, solves real business problems, and leads to user satisfaction.


In this study we examine the specialized sublanguage for discussing, teaching, and solving algebra problems as found in transcripts of tutorial dialogues. In this sublanguage some verbs are constrained to apply to certain objects in the domain of discourse. The syntagmatic roles of the verb complements are typically algebraic, e.g. the complements to the verb multiply refer to operands and methods, while simplify refers to expressions. We use case frames to describe the verbs and their special sublanguage complements. From case frames we create grammar and lexicon for the Link Grammar Parser, enabling the parsing of dialogues containing mixed ordinary English and algebra tutorial English.


Embedded computing is a sector in strong growth, driven by the increasing offer in the internet of things. Since position information is typically one of the intrinsic features of a sensory platform, the present work considers and analyzes the embedded lossless compression of localization data. A structural data scheme is proposed based on the number of occurrences of the independent coordinate components, named as µJSON. It is shown that, when considering a low-level language implementation on an embedded processor acquiring GNSS data, the proposed schema implies lower compression rates than its counterparts. An embedded test-bench platform is assembled, and several real case scenarios are considered for effectiveness and validation purposes.


Motivated by the lack of evidence showing that loyalty programmes are successful in inducing switching costs, this paper offers an alternative rationale for their ubiquity. In a setting where two duopolists compete over price and over the value of a discount to hand to repeat-buyers, it is shown that though customers do not become locked-in, the firms will nevertheless find it in their interest to reward repeat buyers. Doing so weakens the competitive aggressiveness of its rivals. It is shown that prices, the discount offered by the firms and firms' profits are all increasing with the share of the frequent consumers.


The presented research article deals with the classical fundamental flows (Poiseuille and Couette) of an incompressible hyperbolic tangent fluid while considering the Navier slip at the walls. The governing equations are solved using the homotopy analysis method. The velocity expressions are obtained for each problem and the effect of the flow parameters are discussed while being supplemented by graphical displays. Increasing the slip parameter reduces the fluid velocity for both problems, respectively. An increase in the Weissenberg number shows that skin friction at the lower wall reduces. This shows that a dominant elastic force is crucial in reducing the skin friction.


1Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gimpo-Woori Hospital, Gimpo, Korea Background: The recurrence rate of vivax malaria, the only endemic malaria species in the Republic of Korea, has been increasing recently. Thus, we investigated all patients with vivax malaria who visited Gimpo-Woori Hospital located in a high risk area of vivax malaria. In this study, we analyzed the effect of primaquine dosage on the recurrence of vivax malaria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 239 patients with vivax malaria infection diagnosed by Gimpo-Woori Hospital in the northwest of Gyeonggi-do from January 2005 to December 2011. We investigated factors related to the recurrence of vivax malaria such as age, sex, weight, residential area, total dosage of medications, time lag between symptom onset and fi rst medication. Results: There was no significant difference in the recurrence rates according to sex. However, among male patients, the mean weight of the recurrent patients was signifi cantly higher and the total dosage of primaquine per weight was signifi cantly lower than non-recurrent patients. There was negative correlation between the recurrence of vivax malaria and the total dosage of primaquine per weight among male patients in the multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for other variables such as age, time lag between symptom onset, fi rst medication, and residential area (odds ratio, 0.173; 95% confi dence interval, 0.031 to 0.958). Conclusion: Insufficient dosage of primaquine affected the recurrence of vivax malaria, in this study. Therefore, the recurrence of vivax malaia could be prevented by appropriate admistration of primaquine according to the patient's weight, especially in males.


The present invention relates to a sensor device (1), in particular for 3D camera sensor, the flight time (the ToF) and / or a CCD sensor means, said sensing means comprises at least one analog and a digital circuit components, and with the digital signal to the analog circuit converts the analog signal to the digital circuit component assembly (2) and one a-D converter performs the inverse conversion of (8), wherein the analog circuit and the digital circuit component assembly each include at least one of the electronically implemented with modules, and wherein one of said analog circuit modules of the assembly is designed as a sensor unit (3) for detecting optical radiation, the digital circuit assembly one of said module is designed for a signal processing unit for processing digital signals. In order to facilitate the application of the sensing unit based on an improved integration circuit assembly comprising the A-D converter as an integrated circuit integrated in a chip, and the chip is manufactured using 1-poly technology is a semiconductor structure.


The population and respiration of soil microorganisms were assessed from soil samples collected from the long-term experiment of chemical fertilizer application for 20 years in alluvial soil of the lower section of land river area, combination of inorganic and organic fertilizer for 6 years, and alluvial soil of the upper section of land river area. The assessment showed that the population of soil microorganism was generally high in the soil with fertilizer supply because of high content of organic carbon. It was lower in the soil without fertilizer application. The population of microorganism in soil with only N supply was lower than soil supplied with NK, NP and NPK. The population of microorganism in soil with only P supply was higher than soil supplied with NK, NP, and NPK. It was the highest in the soil applied PK. In rice monoculture, the population of bacteria was the highest, followed by actinomycetes, and algae. Fungus population was the lowest. The respiration was reflected by CO 2 content released by soil microorganism. Soil samples after treated were incubated at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Under the assistance of NaOH solution, the content of CO 2 was measured and we found that it increased by time of incubation. The content of CO 2 in soil of lower section of river land area increased until 14 days after incubation meanwhile it increased until 7 days after incubation in soil of upper section of river land. INTRODUTION


AC losses of Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor samples with various void fractions for the ITER Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) were measured by using calorimetric and magnetization techniques. The CSMC is designed to generate the magnetic field of 13 T at the operating current of 46 kA. The conductor consists of the multi-stage cable, having 1152 Nb/sub 3/Sn strands, and Incoloy 908 square jacket with circular hole. The strands are coated by chrome plating with 2 /spl mu/m layer. The last sub-cables are wrapped with Inconel tape, having high electric resistivity, to reduce the coupling current loss. The optimum void fraction for pulse coils is obtained from the relation between the coupling time constant and the void fraction. It is indicated that the sub-cable wrapping is very effective in limiting the coupling current between the sub-cables, as expected. The AC losses of the CS Insert were measured in various operating modes. From these obtained results, the validity of conductor design is demonstrated.


'Food Industry and Hotel Industry is undergoing metamorphosis in terms of adoption on product differentiation and customer service. New entrants roadside food stall which came in to existence in the last ten years have gained a substantial market share and the hotel industry loosing the market share by the 7p's of service. It is very important for the roadside stall understand the voice of the customer to offer services required both to attracts new Clients and protect existing Client-base from migrating to others. A survey was conducted and results obtained from 537 respondents were analyzed to understand the factors that influence the roadside food stall selection decisions. The top 10 importance parameters are found out from the study.


Software companies have a difficulty on applying a software process to varied software development domains. this paper suggested a commonality and variability analysis method for software process tailoring that can build software process that will be applied for certain software project by reusing software process asset constructed by software organizations. If software companies apply a software process tailoring with the proposed method in this paper, the software companies can have an effect on increasing the number of opportunities to reuse a software process and reducing the efforts to reapplying a software process.


This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To compare a therapeutic-only versus prophylactic platelet transfusion policy for people with myelodysplasia, inherited or acquired aplastic anaemia, and other congenital bone marrow failure disorders.


Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition in which a disabling preoccupation with a non‐existent or slight defect in appearance is the main symptom. Hair concerns are frequent in patients with BDD.


This essay analyzes the necessity and possibility of the development with the religious tour resources in Lianyungang.The author points out the direction and measures of exploitation in religious tour resources.


Along with the development of advanced control system, in order to achieve the goal of low energy consumption, low pollution and high degree of automation, the coordination matching work of the motor driving electric motor car and the car body has a better future. By using GW48 hardware development platform and the SOPC technology of nuclear NiosII in FPGA as the central processing unit, and with the aid of the Avalon the peripheral circuit of the motor driving electric motor car is completely under control. This is a improvement of the classic control of the motor (i.e. based on single chip or DSP motor control). This article introduces the design method of the drive control system for electric motor cars. A function module design is conducted for the hardware part, which includes the PWM module and control module, and the PWM module and the VHDL language program is used to form the interface function module. A overall design discourse is conducted for the the software part, design processes of each function module are expounded in this paper. Finally the experimental results are given and they have been analysed. The experiment proves that the precision of SOPC technology in the application of electric motor drive control is high and the application is reasonable. It may become the trend of the development of the electric motor cars in the future.


We synthesized SiNPs by a one-step method and established, for the first time, a novel SiNP-based nanoprobe (denoted as SiNPs/OPD/HRP/GOx) for ratiometric fluorescence and visual detection of glucose in serum samples.


AbstractProsperous Justice Party (PKS) is one of the largest Islamic-based parties in Indonesia. Ahead of the 2019 general election, PKS received an internal solidity endurance test and externally as the government's opposition. PKS requires communicative performance to improve its image in the 2019 election. Departing from these problems, researchers are interested in knowing how the PKS communicative performance in the 2019 legislative elections and the PKS Political Public Relations Approach in the 2019 elections. This research uses the main theories of communicative performance, which Michael Pacanowsky and Nick O'Donnell-Trujillo and the concept of Public Relations Politics to explain the management of the PKS image in the 2019 legislative elections. This study uses qualitative research methods, with library studies, documentation, and interviews. Besides, this research also uses the Norman Fairclough critical paradigm approach. The object of this research study is the board of the Central Prosperous Justice Party (DPP PKS) Board of Representatives and PKS Legislative Members in the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR). The findings of this research indicate, Communicative Performance of PKS in the 2019 Election in Ritual Performance, each party's decision making is collective. Political Public Relations Approach is not maximized in a political marketing approach, and it needs its management to improve the image of PKS. The results of this study indicate that PKS is weak in issue management, and PKS Communicative Performance in the 2019 elections is quite good even though the performance of persuasion is less effective. Also, the Persuasive Political approach is less effective for PKS.Keywords: Image Management, Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), 2019 Elections


Speech act theory, an influential trend in current CSCW research, has been used to model and develop a number of academic and commercial groupware systems. The question remains, however, concerning what happens when we use speech act theory to analyze real world conversations in an organizational context. This dissertation recorded the face-to-face and telephone conversations and collected email over a six week period of a real world group of computer scientists collaborating to produce a complex piece of software. That project was funded by the NSF. The members of the group came from three different institutions and consisted of tenured and non-tenured faculty as well as students. Transcripts and email were coded by two volunteers for speech acts. On the first pass, the volunteers coded for direct speech acts. On the second, they coded for indirect speech acts. The study found that there were distinctive patterns of use of the three media. It also found that indirect speech acts accounted for a large part of communication, regardless of channel. Lastly, different patterns of use were noted for the three channels between two subgroups. Discussion of these results in light of the literature in the field of CSCW is presented, along with implications for future development of collaborative systems and suggestions for future investigation.


A CW RFQ, designed to accelerate 100 mA proton beams from 100 keV to 4 MeV, is being studied by the GECA in Saclay. A preliminary design leading to a beam transmission larger than 97% is presented. A logical approach, based on both the choice of transverse and longitudinal phase advances at the end of the gentle buncher and an adiabatic variation of the RFQ parameters in this region is described.


The Gag polyprotein is the major structural protein of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) constituting the viral core. Between translation on cytoplasmic polysomes and assembly into viral particles at the plasma membrane, it specifically captures the RNA genome of the virus through binding RNA structural motifs (packaging signals –Ψ) in the RNA. RNA is believed to be a structural facilitator of Gag assembly. Using a combined approach of immunofluorescence detection of Gag protein and in situ hybridisation detection of viral genomic RNA, we demonstrate that Gag protein colocalises early after expression with Ψ+ RNA in the perinuclear region and also colocalises with centrioles. Colocalised RNA and protein subsequently traffic through the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane of the cell. Gag expressed from Ψ– RNA diffuses throughout the cell. It is not found at centrioles and shows delayed cytoplasmic colocalisation with the RNA genome. RNA capture through Ψ does not influence binding of Gag to microfilaments. Gag does not bind to tubulin during export. The presence of the packaging signal may coordinate capture of Ψ+ RNA by Gag protein at the centrosome followed by their combined transport to the site of budding. HIV‐1 Ψ thus acts as a subcellular localisation signal as well as a high‐affinity‐binding site for Gag.


The aim of this study is to develop an initial analysis of the process of formation of a female proletariat in the Industrial Section of Manaus Tax-free Zone. It is concerned with the beginning of the record of the history and stories of these women, who, in a very short time, from being "riverains" in the Amazon forest become workers in the electro-electronic industry and assemblers of TV s, videos, computers etc. Considering the difference of cultural stage in what regards the accession to technological development, one can say that it represents a leap in time equal to centuries of civilization. Following the processes of integration of these women (adaptation and conflict), an attempt is made to understand their trajectories in the factory and in the family, institutions where they act everyday. This approach allows the identification of the bilateral aspect of changes in the process of adaptation between capital and labor. Thus, one cain point out situations of behavioral adjustment in labor relations on the part of supervision management in the factories and of the enterprises themselves (in what refers to special welfare policies, unusual in the region), as well as on the part of the workers (the effects of submission to long journeys of still and careful work). In what regards the family organization for the main it is not structured in the traditional form - the couple as its core - and two regularities could be verified: the strong presence of an older woman (in general, the mother of the worker) and the weak or non-systematic presence -or even the non-existence - of a man (husband, companion, friend) as family support. The undestanding of this family frame as well as of the more independent position of this working woman in face of the man, in addition the other situations mentioned in the text, don't exhaust themselves in the observation, in the report by the workers nor in the informations by their employers. This would demand a deeper analysis of the roots of their historical heritage, whose record is practically unknown.


Twenty-four biopsy specimens of the gastrochemius muscles were taken from 12 surgical treated cases with spastic equina deformity. There were examined histochemically by myosin ATP ase method and studied ultra-structurally. The histochemical change is that the type I fibers, slow-twitch fibers, occupy a significantly higher proportion than control, and offten gather together to form type grouping. Ultra-structural abnormalities were found in all of the 24 specimens. The results showed that the surgical treatment of spastic equina deformity was usually ineffective in long term, because there was not only disorder of the central nervous system but also the change of the muscle fiber types.

Key words:
Muscle spasticity; Myofibrils; Paralysis; cerebral


Allison CLBT5861 transmission can realize continuous gear changing and variable torque transfer,so the transmission are widely used in petroleum engineering equipments.This article gives theoretical numbers of speed,torque and transmission efficiency of every gear by its structural parameter α.And finally the conclusion is given accordingly.


A new solid state power modulator for free electron laser applications is studied. This modulator comprises a 4.5kV Press Pack IGBT module that can handle pulsed currents higher than 3kA. The reliability of this module concerning current distribution among the paralleled IGBT chips is studied, where the internal parasitic components and couplings causing the asymmetries are extracted by means of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method. Simulated waveforms showing the currents in each IGBT chip during switching transients are revised together with the dissipated losses for different pulse durations.


'This paper describes laboratory research conducted to investigate the use of partitioning tracers for the detection, volume estimation, and remediation performance assessment of vadose zones contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). These laboratory studies used Ottawa sand and field soil packed columns. The columns were saturated, then reduced to residual saturations of water and NAPL, creating a three phase system of air, water, and NAPL. Conservative and partitioning gas tracers were injected into the column and their elutions were analyzed. The method of moments was used to estimate partition coefficients between the air and NAPL phases for each of the tracers. The partition coefficients and retardation factors are used to select appropriate tracers for NAPL detection and volume estimation in the field. This research identified several perfluorocarbon tracers suitable for use in the field and demonstrated the feasibility of using partitioning tracers as a tool for NAPL detection and volume estimation in the vadose zone.'


Ms7.0 giant earthquake took placed in Lushan County,Ya'an City at 8:02,April 20,2013,and according to field investigation,the most of secondary mountain disasters were collapses with small and median scale volume.Five principal types of secondary mountain disasters consisting of conglomerate collapses,sandstone collapses,carbonate stone collapses,landslides and long run-out landslide-avalanche were proposed and the characteristics,mechanism and influence factors were analyzed.The regional geological environment and structure were regarded as the primary elements through preliminary analysis,and the large amount of loosen materials were easy for occurring debris flows and landslides triggering by the storm and continuous rainfall,which will seriously threat the reconstruction and lives in the rainy season for decades,therefore the post-earthquake effect as well as the monitoring and pre-warning strategy should be carried out in meizoseismal area and especially in reconstruction settlements.


The authors give a survey of the recent distribution of Sonchus palustris L. in the Netherlands (fig. 2). New data on the occurrence of this species have considerably altered our knowledge of the distribution pattern as shown in fig. 1, especially in the southwestern part of the country. This part belongs mainly to the phytogeographical "Fluviatile district".


We present a study of the expectations for very-high-energy (VHE) to ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray and neutrino emission from interacting cosmic rays in our Galaxy as well as a comparison to the latest results for the Galactic UHE di ff use emission. We demonstrate the importance of properly accounting for both the mixed cosmic-ray composition and the gamma-ray absorption. We adopt the wounded-nucleon model of nucleus interactions and provide parameterisations of the resulting gamma-ray and neutrino production. Nucleon shielding due to clustering inside nuclei is shown to have a measurable e ff ect on the production of gamma rays and is particularly evident close to breaks and cuto ff s in mixed-composition particle spectra. The change in composition around the 'knee' in the cosmic ray spectrum has a noticeable impact on the di ff use neutrino and gamma-ray emission spectra. We show that current and near-future detectors can probe these di ff erences in the key energy range from 10TeV to 1PeV, testing the paradigm of the the cosmic


It has been assumed that the water-soluble paralytic shellfish toxins are extracted and concentrated by the organic-solvent extraction method used for diarrhetic shellfish toxins. As diarrhetic toxin extracts of mussels with high levels of paralytic toxins are found nontoxic, it appears that paralytic toxins are not present in those extracts.


Background The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Asia-Pacific region is projected to increase. Data from other regions show bacterial and viral infections can trigger acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Methods This 1-year prospective epidemiological study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03151395) of patients with moderate to very severe COPD in Hong Kong, the Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan assessed the prevalence in sputum samples (by culture and PCR) of bacterial and viral pathogens during stable COPD and AECOPD. The odds of experiencing an exacerbation was evaluated for pathogen presence, acquisition and apparition. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed. Results 197 patients provided 983 sputum samples, with 226 provided during exacerbation episodes. The mean yearly AECOPD incidence rate was 1.27 per patient. The most prevalent bacteria by PCR at exacerbation were Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat); Mcat prevalence was higher at exacerbation than at stable state. Virus prevalence was low, other than for human rhinovirus (HRV) (8.1%, stable state; 16.6%, exacerbation). The odds ratio (95% CI) for an exacerbation (versus stable state) was statistically significant for the presence, acquisition and apparition of Hi (2.20, 1.26–3.89; 2.43, 1.11–5.35; 2.32, 1.20–4.46, respectively), Mcat (2.24, 1.30–3.88; 5.47, 2.16–13.86; 3.45, 1.71–6.98, respectively) and HRV (2.12, 1.15–3.91; 2.22, 1.09–4.54; 2.09, 1.11–3.91, respectively). HRQOL deteriorated according to the number of exacerbations experienced. Conclusion In patients with COPD in the Asia-Pacific region, the presence of Hi, Mcat or HRV in sputum samples significantly increased the odds of an exacerbation, providing further evidence of potential roles in triggering AECOPD. The presence of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or human rhinovirus in sputum samples significantly increases the odds of an exacerbation, as opposed to being in stable state, in COPD https://bit.ly/39vI3XU


Abstract The potential use of chaos synchronization techniques in data assimilation for numerical weather prediction models is explored by coupling a Lorenz three-variable system that represents "truth" to another that represents "the model." By adding realistic "noise" to observations of the master system, an optimal value of the coupling strength was clearly identifiable. Coupling only the y variable yielded the best results for a wide range of higher coupling strengths. Coupling along dynamically chosen directions identified by either singular or bred vectors could improve upon simpler chaos synchronization schemes. Generalized synchronization (with the parameter r of the slave system different from that of the master) could be easily achieved, as indicated by the synchronization of two identical slave systems coupled to the same master, but the slaves only provided partial information about regime changes in the master. A comparison with a standard data assimilation technique, three-dimensional variat...


Increasing forage productivity in the Sierra foothill rangelands would help sustain the livestock industry as land availability shrinks and lease rates rise, but hardly any studies have been done on forage selections. From 2009 to 2014, in one of the first long-term and replicated studies of seeding Northern California's Mediterranean annual rangeland, we compared the cover of 22 diverse forages to determine their establishment and survivability over time. Among the annual herbs, forage brassica (Brassica napus L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) proved viable options. Among the annual grasses, soft brome (Bromus hordeaceus) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) performed well. However, these species will likely require frequent reseeding to maintain dominance. Long-term goals of sustained dominant cover (> 3 years) are best achieved with perennial grasses. Perennial grasses that persisted with greater than 50% cover were Berber orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), Flecha tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) and several varieties of hardinggrass (Phalaris aquatica L., Perla koleagrass, Holdfast, Advanced AT). In 2014, these successful perennials produced over three times more dry matter (pounds per acre) than the unseeded control and also suppressed annual grasses and yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) cover.


This article describes methods of teaching pupils with defective hearing that entails search of the best education ways. One of such methods is presented to help literary development of junior school pupils. Taking into consideration the society requirements to education of readers having knowledge of national culture and at the same time the absense of new approaches to literary education of hard of hearing pupils of junior school, a neccesity of working out theoretical theses of primary phase of literary education arises. In the article the main conceptual approaches to literary education of pupils with defective hearing in the system of primary education are highlighted.


Wheat nucleus substitution lines in the Aegilops Crassa 4X and 6X cytoplasm and their parents were sown in the five locations between north latitude 25°01′-47°08′ of China in 1996-1997.The results were as follows: The responses of the fertilities of the wheat nucleus substitution lines of Aegilops Crassa 4X and 6X on day length(DL) were sensitive,and fertilities decreased with DL lengthening. Some nucleus substitution lines of Aegilops Crassa 4X and 6X appeared complete male sterility in proper light and temperature situation. Sensitivity between 4X and 6X cytoplasm . Sensitivity of 6X cytoplasm was strronger than that of 4X to DL and air temperature. Fertility of cytoplasm wheat nucleus substitution lines increased with raising of the air temperature in the similar day length.


The Q Meter has frequently been described as one of the most flexible instruments available with applications limited largely by the ingenuity of the person using it. It is our desire here to delineate some of those techniques, not normally encountered in everyday work, in the hope that wider dissemination of information gathered through many channels, will prove of some value. In order to approach our specific problems in a general way, it might be well to review some basic facts relative to the operation of the Q Meter. The Q Meter is always operated with-a coil connected to its coil terminals. If we are interested in measuring the Q of a coil, this coil will be connected to these terminals and it will be measured in one operation. If we are interested in making other measurements; (i.e., the Q of a capacitor, the impedance of a circuit, the parameters of a tuned circuit; etc.), we still need a coil, even though we are interested in that particular coil only as .a reference. This so-called " work coil " would probably be a shielded unit to prevent stray coupling, hand-capacitance effects, etc.; and might be selected for its inductance, Q; etc., as needed for the particular application involved. In making measurements (other than the Q of a coil} of circuit parameters there will be two steps involved. The first will be with the work coil mounted on the Q meter, where the resonating capacitance (Cl), circuit Q (Q l) , and frequency will be recorded. The second will be with the unknown connected in


In some secondary mathematics curricula, there is a topic called Stereometry that deals with investigating the position and finding the intersection, angle, and distance of lines and planes defined within a prism or pyramid. Coordinate system is not used. The metric tasks are solved using Pythagoras' theorem, trigonometric functions, and sine and cosine rules. The basic problem is to find the section of the figure by a plane that is defined by three points related to the figure. In this article, a formula is derived that gives the positions of the intersection points of such a plane and the figure edges, that is, the vertices of the section polygon. Spreadsheet implementations of the formula for cuboid and right rectangular pyramids are presented. The user can check his/her graphical solution, or proceed if he/she is not able to complete the section.


Experimental investigation on ideal hydrodynamic conditions is carried out in order to avoid liquid inclusions in ADP crystals. Visualization experiences of the flow around the crystal show that the inclusions which exist in the rear part of the crystal for a low Reynolds number disappear for Reynolds number values in excess of 4100, because the transition to the turbulent flow regime reduces the concentration gradient around the crystal.


In the second half of the nineteenth century, a new type of magazine emerged in Europe and the United States. Fashion—a staple of up-market women's periodicals since the late eighteenth century—was no longer the prerogative of the elite press. Thanks to technological advances in printing, communication, and transportation, it became a core ingredient of a growing number of affordable, lavishly illustrated women's and family magazines. These publications not only offered increasingly sophisticated visualizations and descriptions of the latest fashions, they also contained more detailed and user-friendly patterns with instructions enabling readers to dress themselves and their families fashionably on a modest budget. This shift away from leisure-class luxury towards a more practical, hands-on approach was a key moment in the history of fashion and in women's history. The new magazines actively targeted women as consumers and practitioners of style, granting them an unprecedented sense of control over their public identities. Femininity became, quite literally, "makeable." Credit for this shift tends to go to a few big-name publishers, such as Adolphe Goubaud and the Didot brothers in Paris, Louis Schäfer in Berlin, and Samuel Beeton in London. These men have gone down in history as the trailblazers of the illustrated fashion press. They are generally seen as clever entrepreneurs who capitalized on the latest technological developments and joined forces on an international scale as they negotiated deals to exchange textual and visual materials among their respective magazines. Kate Nelson Best counts Goubaud among the "most powerful new press magnates" (106) of the Second French Empire, pointing out that Le Moniteur de la mode (1843–1913) had ten foreign editions by 1869, in English, Russian, Spanish, and other languages. Beeton is described in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as a "pioneer of popular print," an epithet due in no small measure to his 1860 deal with Goubaud to import fashion plates from Le Moniteur into the Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine (1852–79). Schäfer, for his part, gained fame for establishing Der Bazar (1855–1936) as a "Weltblatt" (global journal) with a "Weltruf" ("ZumBeginn" 1) (global reputation). Already in 1863, it boasted a circulation of more than 200,000 copies: 105,000 in German, 50,000 in English, 32,000 in French, and 15,000 in Spanish ("Der Bazar" 1863 n.p.). When more versions in Dutch, English (US), Russian, Italian, Hungarian, and Czech pushed figures to "mehr als eine halbe Million" (over half a million), it proudly claimed to be "die verbreitetste Zeitung der Welt" ("Der Bazar" 1873 241) (the most widespread journal in the world).


According to the characteristics of the drill-jamming accidents,a kind of multi-directional linear cumulative cutter in which twelve hollow copper pipes distributed evenly around the cylindrical explosive was designed.The linear cumulative cutter explosion principle and penetration process were studied through the numerical simulation method,which used the lagrange method of the LS-DYNA procedure,then the numerical calculations and experimental results were compared.The numerical simulation results showed that the twelve copper pipes formed twelve jets,slugs and 'tails' which moved after the jets under the pressure of detonation.Then these twelve jets moved along twelve different planes which were formed from the central axis of the copper pipes and explosive respectively(the angle between two neighboring planes was 30°).The velocity of the jet tip and slug were approximately up to 3530 m·s-1 and 1180 m·s-1 respectively.The target steel pipe primarily formed swell and fracture under the detonation pressure,then it was cut by twelve jets(the penetration velocity was about 2550 m·s-1),eventually resulting in the formation of twelve slits.The steel pipe deformation results and the quantity of slits are in consistent with the experimental results,and this technology is applied successfully to the drill-jamming accident of three hundred meters deep drilling.Moreover,it is noted that the charge and cost are reduced respectively by 80% and 50% at least compared with existing normal cutter.In addition,the structure of cumulative cutter is simple and easy to be processed.


The platelet counts were carried out on one hundred and fifty-(150) blood samples stored in six different types of anticoagulants at 4 0 C. The samples were apparently healthy volunteers at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu aged between 19 and 40yrs. The ratio of male to female was 7:3 The anticoagulants used were dipotassium ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (K 2 EDTA), sodium flouride (NaF), heparin, sodium citrate (NaC), citrate phosphate dextrose-adenine (CPD –A) and acid citrate dextrose (ACD). The platelet counts were carried out daily for four consecutive days (days 0 – 3) in each of the anticoagulant using an automatic Particle Counter (PCE – 90) of the ERMA PCE series (ERMA INC. TOKYO Japan). The mean values obtained were recorded and statistically tested. There were reductions in the platelet counts in the blood samples stored in all the six anticoagulants. These reductions became more significant as the storage period increased. The greatest effect was observed in the samples stored in sodium fluoride. The highest number of platelets was obtained from heparinised blood. Suggesting that heparin has a sparing effect on platelet number. It is recommended that whenever platelet count cannot be performed within the usual two hours of blood collection, heparin could be used to store the blood. However, it is important that platelet counts should always be performed on the same day of sample collection. KEY WORDS: Platelet count, Heparin, Stored blood, Anticoagulants. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences Vol.18(1-2) 2003: 7-10


In article the offered optimizing models of calculation of a design of nonrigid road clothes constructed taking into account the requirements provided in ODN 218.046-01 are considered. Two methods for the solution of a problem of selection of a design of nonrigid road clothes, optimum at cost, are offered: a method selection of a design by a variation of thickness of constructive layers and a design trial and error method by a variation of materials of constructive layers. Application of genetic algorithms for the solution of an optimizing problem of calculation of a design of nonrigid road clothes on the basis of comparison of their efficiency with efficiency of gradient and reboric methods is proved. Besides, genetic algorithms allow at the solution of such tasks to consider both linear and nonlinear restrictions. The technique and results of digitization and submission of the nomograms and schedules used for calculation of a design of nonrigid road clothes according to ODN 218.046-01 in the form of auxiliary tables and systems of the equations received by means of a method of the smallest squares are given.


Objectives: Polyphenols in edible berries and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) suppressed virulence factors of oral pathogens. We investigated if the commercially marketed plant polyphenols-containing beverages inhibited growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans and children's dental plaque. Methods: Supragingival plaque collected from 16 children (7–11 years) were suspended in TSB for testing. Test beverages included 26 marketed packaged teas, ready-to-drink bottled raspberry flavored teas and cranberry juice cocktails with and without added sugars. Their effects on in vitro growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans and children's plaque bacteria were determined after 24–48 h at 37 °C anaerobically in CDM with or without sucrose. Results: Brewed infusions from black, green and cinnamon or raspberry flavored teas bags inhibited growth and biofilm formation of children's plaque bacteria. Compared to controls, bottled raspberry flavored teas and cranberry juice cocktails significantly inhibited growth and biofilm formation of test bacteria. Added sugar did not significantly impact the inhibition (p > 0.05). Biofilms formed in these beverages were loosely attached and easily dislodged from surfaces. Conclusions: Beverages rich in antimicrobial plant polyphenols reduce plaque adherence, may benefit oral health and are preferred over other sugary beverages. The concept of oral diseases prevention using natural foods/diet is innovative, practical and acceptable.


MDPS(Motor Driven Power Steering) system is popularly used these days, replacing the hydraulic steering assist system thanks to many advantages. Otherwise some problems remain to be solved also. Rattle phenomenon is one of them and the study about the analysis of rattle does not go far. Tn this study, ADAMS model of the rattle test rig was built and correlated with test result. The test results used in correlation are the accelerations of the worm and worm wheel in worm shaft axial direction. The model has been validated through the correlation in low frequency range, and simulation results with the modified design are distinct from the original one as much as the test results. This model will help us to design the better worm gear set in MDPS system and solve the many problems about the rattle vibration.


A two-dimensional model is used to study the interaction between an electron beam and a plasma in the nonlinear initial stage. An equation is defined for the average field in a system with particles of several species propagating at given velocities along the z-axis of the plasma waveguide. The roles of the average field in the case of excitation of a beam-driven instability and in the presence of the Buneman instability of a monoenergetic electron beam are then examined. It is found that a beam-driven instability will result in the average field slowing both the beam and the plasma electrons. In the case of the Buneman instability, the field accelerates the electrons and slows the ions. The results are valid only for nonrelativistic beams. 5 references.


In [ 7] and [ 8], the notion of Mixed-Spin-P (MSP) fields is introduced and their ${\mathbb{C}}^\ast $-equivariant moduli space ${{\mathcal{W}}}_{g,\gamma ,{\textbf d}}$ is constructed. In this paper, we prove a vanishing of a class of localization terms in $[(\mathcal{W}_{g,\gamma ,\mathbf{d}})^{\mathbb{C}^*}]^{\textrm{vir}}$, which implies the only quintic FJRW invariants that contribute to the relations derived from the theory of MSP fields are those with pure insertions $2/5$. It is critical in a proof of BCOV Feynman sum formula for quintic Calabi–Yau three-folds.


Microstructural changes in strawberry tissue were quantified during osmotic treatment (OT) with sucrose solutions in concentrations of is to 65 (% w/w). The response-surface method was used to determine how the process variables (processing time and concentration) influence cellular shrinkage and cell destructions. With regard to the concentration of the osmotic sulution, the kinetics of cell destruction followed a 1st-order model. The diffusional approach for modelling water transport in a layer of cells inside the strawberry tissue showed that water diffusivity is related to the concentration of the sucrose solution. Water diffusivity ranged from 16 ± 2 10 -12 to 6.2 ± 0.6 10 -0.3 m 2 /s with sucrose solutions in concentrations between 15 and 65 (% w/w).


In this study we used the self-afflicted versus other-afflicted model to differentiate between shame and guilt among Chinese and American college students. Two scenarios with the same background but a different combination of protagonists were used to test the model. Results showed that the model was confirmed in the Chinese sample and received certain support in the American sample. The implications of the findings are discussed.


To improve the efficiency of a doctor-patient conversation ways are devised to give the patients the most important information before their first meeting with the doctor. Subsequently, the 'Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences' (NDORMS) at the University of Oxford focuses on better information transfer to upcoming knee patients through the information application 'TEPI' (Technology Enhanced Patient Information). Therefore the development of a prototype has been started to present the most important information regarding to the course of treatment on a tablet device. To meet the information needs of future patients the requirements for TEPI are gathered by topic interviews with knee patients of the 'Orbis Medical Centre' in the Netherlands. This revealed that information on the advantages and disadvantages of an anesthesia form is at the top of the list, followed by the pain perception after surgery, the operation process and the course of the operation. Concerning the design, each patient prefers a film of the operation. Furthermore, the results regarding


Non Destructive Testing (NDT) with Eddy Current (EC) techniques are is widely employed in several industrial sectors for cracks detection. Numerical simulation tools are largely used in order to design sensors, understand the signals collected during the measurements process and to provide a support in expertise. This work has been accomplished inside CEA LIST in collaboration with L2S-Supelec. It is also a part of the CIVAMONT 2012 project, with the active participation of MEANDER laboratory members from University of Western Macedonia (Greece) and Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia (Greece). The main goal of our work has consisted in to developing a semi-analytical modeling approach, devoted to Eddy Current Testing (ECT) of multiple narrow cracks in planar multilayered structures. From the numerical point of view, simulation of multiple narrow cracks problems is a difficult task for classical methods, like for example the Volume Integral Method (VIM) or the Finite Element Method (FEM). The main issues reside in geometrical characteristics of narrow crack themselves. Indeed, a narrow crack presents a small opening as well as complex profile and a complex shape, with possible electrical contacts inside it. All these features increase enormously, with classical methods, the difficulty to simulate in rapid and/or precise way problems involving narrow cracks. We have tackled the narrow crack issue by developing a Boundary Element Method (BEM) dedicated to ECT signal modeling, starting from an approach presented in literature. Then, we have extended its capability to more realistic and challenging cases, such as the ECT of multilayered structures affected by complex narrow cracks. The principle of this method is to introduce additional assumptions, leading to the description of the crack perturbation as the effect of a dipole distribution, oriented toward the crack opening. Numerically speaking, such a description makes it possible to largely reduce, compared to the VIM, the number of unknowns that one needs to properly solve the problem. A particular attention has been devoted to the analytical formulation, in order to achieve generality, accuracy and efficiency. A precise derivation of the spectral-domain Dyadic Green Function (DGF) associated to our problem has first been developed. In this work, analytical expressions of the spectral-domain DGF have been obtained via the Discrete Complex Image Method (DCIM). Then, an accurate approximation of the spectral-domain DGF has been achieved via the Generalized Pencil of Function (GPOF) method. Therefore, the closed-form of the spectral-domain DGF, expressed under the form of Sommerfeld Integrals (SIs), has been calculated analytically. Finally, the integral equation(s) associate to the electromagnetic problem is solved by applying the Method of Moments (MoM).Validations with respect to experiments and commercial simulation software have been performed to test the model. A large set of configurations have been chosen in order to address realistic configurations involving multiple narrow cracks embedded in different layers of a given multilayered structure. The model proposed has shown its promising performance in terms of computational time compared with the VIM and the FEM. Moreover, a very good agreement with respect to the experimental data has always been observed. In the last and very recent part of our work, a coupled approach between BEM and VIM has been studied and developed in order to address, in a efficient way, problems where narrow cracks appear in the vicinity of with volumetric flaws (for example the simulation of fastener sites inspections). Comparisons with experimental measures have shown that the coupled approach is capable to achieve, overall, better results than the VIM and saves a lot of computational time.


Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the main drivers of the economy in developing countries, one of which is Indonesia. Several SMEs still need to be developed in Indonesia, especially for the 3T region (lagging, leading, and outermost). Sumbawa is one of these areas. The majority of SMEs in the Sumbawa area are weaving SMEs. Weaving SMEs in this region still have problems in terms of SME competitiveness, innovation, and SME creativity. Therefore, they have not been able to compete with SMEs outside the 3T area. Thus, the importance of competitive strategy and knowledge management can encourage the management of information into knowledge that can be used for strategic decision-making, especially the competitive strategy of SMEs. This study will examine the application of knowledge management to SMEs in Sumbawa and whether the applied knowledge management can encourage the creation of a competitive strategy for Sumbawa SMEs. The research was conducted by census/saturated sampling to produce accurate results. The results show that the application of knowledge management in Sumbawa SMEs is proven to influence SMEs' competitive strategy. The study also contributes to new research on the role of organizational design that can affect knowledge management's influence on competitive strategy.


The underdamped, non-linear, generalized Langevin equation is widely used to model coarse-grained dynamics of soft and biological materials. By means of a projection operator formalism, we show under which approximations this equation can be obtained from the dynamics of the underlying microscopic system and in which cases it makes sense to introduce a potential of mean force. We discuss shortcomings of previous derivations presented in the literature and demonstrate the implications of our derivation for the structure of memory terms and for generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations. We show, in particular, that the widely used, simple structure which contains a potential of mean force, a memory term which is linear in the observable, and a fluctuating force which is related to the memory term by a fluctuation-dissipation relation, is neither exact nor can it, in general, be derived as a controlled approximation to the exact dynamics.


This thesis is concerned with the role of the nurse in coronary rehabilitation. The primary hypothesis is that a nurse practitioner, trained in coronary medicine and experienced in relevant medical nursing, can intervene independently of team efforts to help rehabilitate the patient who has suffered and survived a myocardial infarction. The term nurse counsellor is used in the study to better represent the actual role of the nurse in intervention which includes assessment, patient and close family counselling for adaptation and rehabilitative efforts, aid in adjustment to social conditions, and reinforcement for psychological recovery. The study is a longitudinal cohort effort which embodies several methods of empirical research. Those methods include the clinical classification of data, assessment, description, and measurement through statistical analyses of variables derived from data. The cohort is comprised of male patients between the ages of 30 and 64 who could be returned to work, and the study takes place in Glasgow, Scotland, through Southern General Hospital. Several prognostic indices are employed together with various assessment tools to include: the Schiller Index, Modified Schiller Index for Paramedics, Norris Prognostic Index Rahe Life Change Unit procedure, Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire, and the Southern General Hospital Outcome Assessment Evaluation. The results focus on the primary emphasis of the research, which was to intervene for secondary prevention and therefore to reduce risk factors among individual patients through counselling and reinforcement of systematic programmes of rehabilitation. The results for the nurse's cohort reflect similar or better success rates compared with published data and parallel studies by team intervention. These results and comparisons are analysed with statistical procedures as well as descriptive information. A case is therefore put forward and supported by the research which endorses the nurse practitioner for coronary rehabilitation intervention. There are several interesting implications as well involving the roles of general practitioners, patient behaviour patterns, family situations and associated problems encountered during the research. The thesis is presented through the Department of Community Medicine, University of Glasgow, and therefore it reports a community medicine approach to rehabilitation. However, the thrust of the work and results are strongly nurse oriented and have the greatest application to the fields of nursing research, nursing theory, nursing education, and specifically coronary nursing specialisation. Every attempt is made to hold to established procedures for intervention, yet the nurse entered this study with the clear idea of caring for patients who had suffered and survived a myocardial infarction. That is to say, the responsibility and commitment to nursing care was foremost in the intervention while research procedures were subordinated to the needs of the patient. With that in mind, there are limitations to the conclusions, limited mainly by small numbers in the cohort (31), yet control groups and parallel studies by team efforts at Southern General Hospital provide much greater numerical qualification. The results and conclusions are specific to outcomes for secondary prevention, including smoking control, weight control, lipid levels control, and exercise programmes. The nurse's role is in part validated by the results, but also in part by qualitative survey data from patients, wives, family, and general practitioners who commented on aspects of the intervention programme and the nurse's performance. Return to work data are provided with case-by-case analysis and risk factor interaction analysis. Specific comments are made. General conclusions are concerned with the future role and feasibility of the nurse practitioner working as a coronary rehabilitation counsellor, and that role is found to be acceptable, feasible, and economic use of health care personnel.


This is the first report of the occurrence and distribution of fat dormouse Glis glisin Polish part of the Zlote Mountains (East Sudetes). Field studies, conducted inthe years 2002–2003, included control of birds' nesting boxes, hunters' lookouts and forest car parks, recording the fat dormouse night calls, and searching for the traces of their activities (i.e. nests, remnants of the beech fruits, feaces). In 42 (40%) out of 105 checked birds' nesting boxes the fat dormouse nests, and in 11 (10%) the animals were found. During the study, 29 localities of fat dormouse and a total of 50 individuals were found. Additionally, questionnaires of the forestry administrated bythe forestry management of Bardo Śląskie and Lądek-Zdroj, as well as interviews were used. Our data indicate that the Zlote Mountains are one of a few areas in the Sudety Mountains, where the continuous range of the species is still preserved.


This paper looks at the establishment and evolution of the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. It traces the development of the Bank from its origins, providing microcredit to poor, rural women in Bangladesh, through a period of national expansion and institutionalisation, to the replication around the world of the Grameen model. In the late 1990s the Bank faced repayment problems and a developing financial crisis, and strategies were put in place to stabilise and reshape the Bank. This led in 2001 to the launch of Grameen II, which is analysed in terms of its main components and its results. Finally, the paper looks at Grameen Bank's future role as a major player in the microfinance market, and as an inspiration for those helping poor people improve their own lives.


The 2019 3rd International Conference on Energy Material, Chemical Engineering and Mining Engineering (EMCEME 2019), as an international forum aiming at presenting and exchanging technological advances and research results in the broad fields of energy material, chemical engineering, resource exploration and mining engineering, was held during December 28-29, 2019 in Qingdao, China. EMCEME 2019 brought together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. During the conference, the participants shared their research results and discussed the development and research applications in these fields. Accepted papers after proper registration and presentation will be published into conference proceedings. Eventually, the total number of submitted papers, whose topics included Functional Materials and Chemical Engineering, Energy Utilization and Smart Grids, Resource Exploration and Mining Engineering, Sustainability and Environmental Protection, was more than 400, and among which less than 360 were accepted. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding.


In order to obtain the sapphire substrate with high material removal rate and good surface quality,fixed abrasive lapping technology was adopted to improve the processing efficiency. The effect of workbench speed,lapping pressure,the concentration of triethanolamine and abrasive pad types on material removal rate and surface roughness were investigated. The optimized process parameters for the high material removal rate and good surface quality were obtained. The results showed that the optimal parameters are the patterned lapping pad,lapping pressure 100 kPa,workbench speed 120 r / min and the concentration of triethanolamine 5%. The material removal rate can reach 31. 1 μm / min and the surface roughness is 0. 309 μm.


Abstract Ellipsometric synchrotron spectroscopy of YBCO provides persuasive evidence supporting the Phillips-Jung (PJ) filamentary nanodomain model of the electronic structure of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs). The PJ model is part of a universal off-lattice topological platform that explains the origin of the intermediate phase that is responsible for high-temperature superconductivity, the stiffness transition and reversibility window in network glasses, and the folding transitions of proteins. In HTSCs it is both more specific and more general than descriptions based on conventional collective modes related to charge-density waves.


Acute pelvic limb paralysis occurred in a racing Greyhound after a traumatic incident. During myelography, a dorsal laceration of the dura mater was detected at T12–13. Immediate hemilaminectomy was performed at T12–13, but neurologic status did not improve. At necropsy there was epidural and subdural hemorrhage at the T12–13 interspace, and malacia and swelling of the spinal cord at that level. Intramedullary hemorrhage, malacia, and free fibrocartilaginous material characterized histopathology of the lesion. Possible mechanisms of the traumatic disk extrusion are discussed.


The paper presents a study of welded joints of cast intermetallic single-crystal rhenium containing VKNA-25 alloy with crystallographic orientation [001] and deformable high-temperature disk nickel alloy EP975, depending on the parameters (temperature and degree of deformation) of pressure welding under superplasticity conditions. Comparison of samples before and after heat treatment is presented. The results of X-ray micro-spectral analysis of a solid-phase joint in the welding zone and at distances of up to 140 μm are presented in comparison with the initial chemical composition of the alloys, indicating an intense course of diffusion processes. The results obtained are analyzed from the point of view of maintaining the balance of alloying, calculated by the method of G.I. Morozova (calculating the number of valence electrons per unit atomic mass of the composition), the change in the atomic mass and average electron concentration of solid-phase compounds before and after heat treatment in the welded joint zone and at distances up to 140 μm was calculated. It is shown that the alloy compositions calculated taking into account the alloying balance make it possible to obtain a high-quality one-piece connection of a disk and a blade for blisk-type structures, performed under superplasticity on an installation for high-temperature pressure welding.


Public financial management plays key role in is very important for developing, transitional and poor countries for several reasons. First, these countries need large financial resources to finance the growth, physical infrastructure, social and other public services. Secondly, limited resources require public finance management system to be efficient, disciplined, transparent, independent and accountable. Finally, public finance system holds together the whole system of government agencies with their programs and objectives which are usually tied to the economic development strategy of the country; therefore its failure may lead to the failure of the whole system and thus spark social tensions and upheavals.


Objective To explore the concentration and immunity biological significance of IgM and C1q two component circulating immune complexes(IgM/C1q TCIC)in healthy individuals.Methods Using goat IgG anti human C1q for coated antibody,HRP goat IgG anti human IgM for detecdted antibody.A capture ELISA method was established to detect IgM/C1q TCIC of healthy indivaduals.Results The amount of IgM/C1q TCIC in healthy persons was related to age and sex.The positive rates of umbilical serum was 4\^9%.Its concentrations in female were significantly higher than male's.Conclusion To determine the normal value of IgM/C1q TCIC should take the age and sex into account.IgM/C1q TCIC detected in healthy individuals could reflect the particular feature of immune status in the normal bodies.IgM/C1q TCIC found in umbilical serum was suggested an important indicator of the congenital infection in foetus.


After a careful study of the article by Hull and Rimmer, we found that there existed some contradictions between the facts and theory put forward. Basing on the experimental data from related references and those obtained in our own laboratory, and retaining the rational basis of the above mentioned work, we suggest a new mechanism of creep rupture and derive a formula for the rupture time. The theoretical values agree fairly well with those measured. From these results, it seems that our treatment has improved some what the theory of Hull and Rimmer.


PURPOSE: To prevent mutual adhesion and agglomerating of fiber members for reinforcement of concrete by coating the surface of the members composed of plural steel fibers bonded with a water-soluble adhesive with a water-insoluble fine powder. CONSTITUTION: A steel fiber member 1 for reinforcement of concrete is composed of steel fibers 2 arranged in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel fibers 2 and mutually bonded in a linear shape with a water-soluble adhesive (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol) 3. The above- mentioned adhesive 3 exists beyond the curved line 4 circumscribing the members and the surface of the adhesive 3 is coated with a water-insoluble fine powder 5. Whatever can prevent tackiness of the adhesive 3 even in a high-temperature and high-humidity condition and also prevent deterioration of the performance of concrete can be used as the fine powder 5 (e.g. calcium carbide). As the steel fiber 2, e.g. a hard-drawn wire having 0.1 to 1mm size, 50 to 100 ratio of the length to the size and ≥85kg/mm 2 tensile strength is used. The above-mentioned steel wire 2 may have the straight middle part and the curved end parts because the wire can be prevented from coming off. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Based on the roadmap of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 5G mobile technology standard will be published in 2020. In this paper the timeline of 5G implementation in Indonesia has been designed by using technological forecasting that is Gompertz model. The roadmap of 5G implementation consist of three milestones for mobile technology implementation which are: 4G start in 2015, 4.5G start in 2020 and 5G start in 2025. The 5G technology will reach the inflection point in 2027 and 98% of penetration in 2035. The 5G mobile spectrum demand has been calculated, which are: in 2025 the demand is 83 MHz using macro-cell configuration and 17 MHz using small-cell configuration, in 2026 the demand is 380 MHz (using macro-cell) and 80 MHz (using small-cell), in 2027 the demand is 1.027 MHz (using macro-cell) and 216 MHz (using small-cell), in 2028 the demand is 2.024 MHz MHz (using macro-cell) and 426 MHz (using small-cell), and in 2029 the demand is 3.298 MHz (using macro-cell) and 693 MHz (using small-cell). The amount of IMT band used in Indonesia is 490,75 MHz. Using the assumption that all IMT band are assigned for 5G technology, then there will be a deficit of radio frequency spectrum that is needed by 5G technology. It start in 2026 for macro-cell and in 2029 for small-cell. To meet the spectrum demand the short term, middle term and long term solution is urgently needed.


It"s possible to divide HARUKI literature among the 1st period and the 2nd period based on 1995. The key word separated in two kinds of time is 'conversion". Haruki spoke himself 'I have converted from detachment to commitment since 1995". The 'family image" which comes out in his three kinds work 'family affair', 'honey pie', and 'Kafka on the shore" was studied to know whether HARUKI literature changed really. After three works were studied, I knew that main characters of a work of HARUKI recognized others" existence. But they couldn"t combat with the 'huge violence" which intimidates a relation between itself and others. Have to conquer 'huge violence" to live with others. But main characters are not conquered and are removed. When they can receive others" help and conquer 'huge violence" perfectly, true conversion of HARUKI literature would consist.


Knowledge management could be seen as identifying knowledge that needs to be managed, followed by the process of acquiring, refining, storing and using the identified knowledge. Good knowledge management could be seen as the foundation of a learning organisation. With increasing competition and a quicker pace of change it becomes more and more important to be a quick learner. In this challenge universities are no exception. A good knowledge management system assures that all relevant knowledge is being used in all important activities. This is particularly important in large change projects. A process based system view could be used to describe how knowledge management is visualised. Especially visualising knowledge management on organisational change competence could be a challenge. In this case study we analyse the implementation of a new approach in education – Liberal Education, and to what extent existing change knowledge was used. The findings are categorised and related to drivers for good change management and to organisational learning disabilities in a quality management context. The purpose of the study is to understand learning disabilities and how to describe them. The results should constitute a starting point for later work to overcome these disabilities.


With the requirement of the application of GSM-R in Chinese railways,calculated network coverage has captured considerable attention.In terms of the present situation of Chinese railways in combination with the technology of the GSM-R network,we study forward the algorithm of the calculated cell coverage radius in GSM-R.This paper mainly introduces the algorithm by three facets:academic analysis,the conditions which have been obtained and the algorithm of calculation.The algorithm considers a lot of factors affecting the cell coverage radius adequately,and analyzes in RF-budget detailed.


Metadata strategy Preface to most recent update (2011.1) The previous major update to this case study occurred in the first half of 2009. As recorded in the document entitled A Brief History of Metadata (in the (referenced simply as hereafter), which is attached to this Case Study, the second half of 2009 saw fundamental decisions made by the ABS) BHM ABS leading to initiation of the in February 2010. While IMTP designates a specific ABS Information Management Transformation Program (IMTP) program within the ABS, including a specific top level unit within the organisation chart, the aim is for the ABS to achieve IMT (Information Management Transformation). All staff within the ABS have a role in achieving IMT. IMT will include fundamental reshaping of policies and strategies related to metadata management developed by the ABS over the past two decades. At this stage, however, IMT remains an early "work in progress". IMT can be seen as focused on the "to be" environment for the ABS, in terms of business architecture, data/information architecture and other elements of enterprise architecture, as well as on the process for achieving the transformation (including business process re-engineering) required to realise the "to be" state. At this time many details contained in the previous version of this case study continue to accurately describe the "as is" environment for metadata management within the ABS. In the initial update for 2011 it has been decided to focus the main body of the case study on the "to be" state and initial steps toward that state. Many details of the "as is" environment have been moved into supporting documents. Other aspects can be found by referring to the 2009 version of the case study. It is possible within the wiki to view earlier versions of each page. For convenience, also, PDF versions of the 2009 edition of this case and 2009 edition of have been made available. study BHM The result of this approach is that the Case Study document is now shorter than the 2009 edition. Additional details will be added to the documentation as IMT progresses, including its new approach to statistical information management, including metadata management. It should also be noted that, as with all content in the METIS wiki maintained by ABS practitioners, this is an informal working document shared with colleagues in the field of statistical information management. Unless unambiguously indicated otherwise, no content accessed via these wiki pages should be considered to represent a formal statement on behalf of the Australian Bureau of Statistics.


Starting from the flow characteristics of cylinder controlled by servo valve of hydraulic looper in hot strip mill, a new mathematic model for hydraulic cylinder controlled by servo valve is established by analyzing and deducing the flow characteristics of two cavities of hydraulic cylinder. The model gives up the traditional fuzzy conception of "load-pressure flux", it is adaptable to many structural forms such as symmetric cylinder, asymmetric cylinder and piston cylinder, and it has universal significance. The simplified equivalent model, which is based on the automatic control principles, provides reliable methods for analysis of the stability and the dynamic characteristics of the system. The simulation was carried out on a practical cylinder controlled by servo valve of hydraulic looper of a domestic steel plant, the simulation results are close to the reality, and they have verified the rationality and accuracy of the proposed model.


The use of a combined mixed magnesium(Mg)-rhodium(Rh) chemical modifier allows a compromise higher pyrolysis temperature to be used for the simultaneous detection of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) in various human hairs by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The recommended pyrolysis temperature for all of the analyte elements is 1000°C (ashing) and 2800°C (atomizing). Nitric acid (HNO_3) and perchloric acid (HClO_4) were used for the digestion of all human-hair samples. The detection limits (3σ, ng g^_1) were 0.3 for chromium, 0.1 for copper, 0.4 for iron, 0.2 for manganese and 0.1 for lead, respectively. The accuracy and precision were examined by analyzing a certified reference material (NIES CRM No. 13 Human Hair). All of the analytical results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with the certified values. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less then 8 %.


The validity of indices of departmental research performance based on three different types of peer review is critically examined. The three types of peer review under investigation are: journal peer review, grant-giver peer review, and impressionistic peer review. It is shown that, of the indices considered, only those based on journal peer review constitute true performance indicators that are capable of yielding a reasonably valid measure of departmental performance. A basic requirement of a performance indicator is that it should relate output to input. None of the indices based on grant-giver peer review or impressionistic peer review satisfies this criterion. They are therefore unable to provide the information that the UGC seeks to obtain in its 1989–90 evaluation, namely, an indication of the cost-effectiveness of departmental research programmes. On both a priori and empirical grounds, indices based on grant-giver peer review and impressionistic peer review are shown to yield unsatisfactory measures of departmental research performance. Fifteen serious defects are identified in indices based on grant-giver peer review, and nine major flaws are highlighted in indices based on impressionistic peer review. Implications for the conduct of the UGC's 1989–90 evaluation are discussed.


Now, almost two decades later, the current FPGA technology includes the concept of reconfigurability. The reconfigurability has to be looked at from two levels. One level is the actual dynamic reconfigurability of a device, while the other is a support built into the CAD tools supplied for the device. At present, devices that support limited or full version of limited reconfigurability are available, for example, the recently introduced devices from Xilinx (Spartan2, VirtexII) or Atmel (AT40K, AT94K), but it has not been incorporated into the supplied design tools [3]. The reason for the latter fact is the rather complicated methodology that has to be implemented in the tools [6].


Objective: The term general anaesthesia refers to a state of unconsciousness under control using pharmacological or non pharmacological agents in which patient reflexes are compeletely or partially lost. Concious sedation is a drug-induced state in which the conscious patient is rendered free of fear, anxiety, and apprehension while remaining comfortably relaxed. Both of these methods are used for various reasons in dental clinics for many years and their use in dentistry practice is increasing. Aim of this study is to quantify the number and demographic data of patients that received a dental general anaesthesia (DGA) or conscious sedation (CS) following referral from a general dental practice. Study also aimed to determine the reasons of referral and dental treatment modalities performed during the sessions. Methods: This study includes patient records who had undergone dental general anaesthesia and conscious sedation in Medipol University Dental Hospital General Anaesthesia Clinic. Data were collected from records of the University Dental Hospital. The collected information included gender, age, type of DGA/ CS, reason for DGA, treatment modalities as tooth extraction, restorative, endodontics, periodontics and pedodontics. Results: 896 patients were referred for DGA/CS during the two-year period. The mean age was 15.5 years and 27.3% were underaged children. The most common reason for DGA was dental anxiety (46.5%). 79.4% of patientd received DGA, while only 20.6% received CS. The highest mean in treatments is for decidious pulp capping (4.57) followed by decidious pulp amputation (3.57). Conclusion: Majority of the patients receiving DGA/CS are formed by dental anxiety patients. Also, the rate of underaged children were very high (27.3%).


Today, there is a demand for more broadband as people realize the importance of being connected to the Internet, whether to access websites, stream entertainment, attend school, attend family events, work remotely, and so much more. This demand has been driven by the success of today's Internet. It is now time to recognize the Internet as infrastructure.11.[Online]. Available: https://rmf.vc/IEEEBBToInfrastructure.


Sexuality and gender are often implicit burdens in architecture theory. The performative force of the male, western, middle class, heterosexual canon dominates the practices, methodologies, content ...


Abstract 4674 Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purura (TTP) is caused by gene mutations of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I domains 13, ADAMTS13). In this study, one novel mutation in the ADAMTS13 gene was found in a woman whose presents are first cousins. Thrombocytopenia occurred during the second trimesters in her first pregnancy, and she died of recurrent attacks after diagnosis of TTP. The ADAMTS13 activity measured using the recombinant FRET-VWF73 during her acute episode was less than 5%. ADAMTS13 inhibitor was negative measured by 9:1 mixture of patient and pooled normal plasma followed by ADAMTS13 activity assay using the VWF multimer electrophoresis. The 29 exons and exon-intron boundary sites of ADAMTS13 gene was analyzed using the human genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes of the patient. The results demonstrated she was homozygous for R498C. This novel mutant was constructed using the expression plasmid pSectag containing ADAMTS13 cDNA, and the vector was introduced by linpofectamine 2000 to Hela cells. Western Blot revealed that rADAMTS13-wide type (WT) was synthesized as a single band with molecular mass close to 190 Kda in the conditioned media, however, no detectable ADAMTS13 of this mutant existed. The lysates of cells expressing the mutant showed the same protein amounts compared to the rADAMTS13-WT. The immunofluorescence study demonstrated that mutant had the same localization pattern at Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)and Golgi-compartments compared to the rADAMTS13-WT. The results imply that this mutant may be retained in the cellular ER and Golgi-comparments, but rapidly degraded or insufficiently secreted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In this article we present the design of effective control strategies (IVE Model), to predict atmospheric pollutants, greenhouse gases and toxins, from mobile sources, made up of 800 motorized vehicles, obtained from the records of the transport office of the Provincial Municipality of Ica. through an inventory of emissions from mobile sources, emission factors, activity and distribution of the vehicle fleet. The results obtained are Carbon Monoxide (CO, 23235.23 t/year), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC: 12123.55 t / year), Nitrogen Oxides (Nox: 361.76 t/year), Evaporative Volatile Organic Compounds (COVevap: 455.2 t / year), Particulate Material (PM: 361.76 t / year) and Sulfur Oxides (Sox: 50.75 t / year). Where the highest CO emissions are cars and motorcycles, representing 45.72% and 36% of the total CO emissions released in the study area. It is concluded that prevention measures and actions such as transport management, control of vehicular emissions, promotion of the use of clean fuels, as a way of mitigating the atmospheric pollutants that could be generated, be established.


Valence region energies of first‐row atoms and ions of nuclear charge Z, with N1 core and N valence electrons are calculated from the formula EN=−(3/7) (Z−N1) N〈r−12〉, where 〈r−12〉 is the average inverse distance of the N electrons from the nucleus. The loss of an electron is described in terms of a shrinking of the valence region, 〈r−12〉N −〈r−12〉N−1= (∂〈r−12〉/∂N)0 [N/(N−1)], where the derivative β = (∂〈r−12〉/∂N)0 can be treated as a constant for the removal of any p electron. In this approximation it is 〈r−12〉N=〈r−12〉N=2 +β[N/(N−1)+(N−1)/(N−2)+⋅⋅⋅] where 〈r−12〉N=2 is the value for systems with two valence region electrons. Finally, since the ratio α=〈r−12〉N=2/(Z−N1) is remarkably constant, we have all the elements for evaluating 〈r−12〉N and, consequently, the valence region energy EN of the N valence electron ion or atom.


The present investigation was carried out to conduct genetic divergence analysis for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm under irrigated conditions. The experiment was conducted at crop research farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. Prayagraj. The experiment was performed with 40 rice genotypes with 13 quantitative characters and 8 qualitative characters. Analysis of variance revealed that all the genotypes showing significant at 1% level of significance for all the characters. According to mean table Shiats dhan-7, Shiats dhan-2 show greater mean in grain yield per plant. Genetic parameters show PCV greater than GCV in all the characters, the traits Grain yield per plant and biological yield exhibits greater in both GCV and PCV. Heritability showing high range of estimates in all the characters as Days to maturity, Days to 50% flowering exhibit greater among all the characters. Number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield shows highest among the characters in Genetic advance. According to D2 analysis, the total genotypes are divided into five clusters, Cluster II showing greater in Intra cluster distance, Cluster V and Cluster I combination showing greater in Inter cluster distances. The Cluster IV showing highest among the clusters in the mean of Grain yield per plant. According to percentage contribution Grain yield per plant showing highest among the characters. Quality analysis had done on 35 genotypes, based upon quality characters Hulling percentage showing genotype Ajaya greater and genotype MTU-2032 shows greater in Kernel elongation ratio.


Organising has been suggested as one way to achieve decent working conditions among informal workers. This study examines how informal workers in Ghana are using organising as a catalyst for improving their working conditions. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative research design, using interviews, focus group discussions, documentary review and observation. Qualitative interpretative analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The study found that welfare-based organisations served as a catalyst for trade union organising among quarry workers. Despite the challenges confronting them in organising, informal quarry workers were able to improve their working conditions through a collective agreement with management. Specific indicators of work improvement included appointment letters for job security, hours of work and overtime, wages and salary (compensation), and training and development of workers to enhance their skills and competencies. The study concluded that organising informal workers served as a catalyst for ensuring decent working conditions among quarry workers in Ghana. This leads to the recommendation that formal trade unions organising in the quarrying districts should be resourced to be able to organise informal quarry workers in the stone quarry sub-sector of Ghana to achieve decent work conditions for informal workers in Ghana.


The Tasmanides in eastern Australia record accretionary processes along the eastern Gondwana margin during the Phanerozoic. The Gympie terrane is the easternmost segment of the Tasmanides, but whether its origin was autochthonous or allochthonous is a matter of debate. We present U‐Pb ages of detrital zircons from Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Gympie terrane with the aim of tracing the source of the sediments and constraining their tectonic relationships with the Tasmanides. Our results show that the Permian stratigraphic units from the Gympie terrane mainly contain Carboniferous and Permian detrital zircons with dominant age peaks at ~263 Ma, ~300 Ma, ~310 Ma, and ~330 Ma. The provenance ages of the Triassic sedimentary units are similar (~256 Ma, ~295 Ma, and ~328 Ma) with an additional younger age peak of ~240 Ma. This pattern of provenance ages from the Gympie terrane is correlative to episodes of magmatism in the adjacent component of the Tasmanides (New England Orogen), indicating that the detrital zircons were dominantly derived from the Australian continent. Given the widespread input of detrital zircons from the Tasmanides, we think that the sedimentary sequence of the Gympie terrane was deposited along the margin of the eastern Australian continent, possibly in association with a Permo‐Triassic continental arc system. Our results do not show evidence for an exotic origin of the Gympie terrane, indicating that similarly to the vast majority of the Tasmanides, the Gympie terrane was genetically linked to the Australian continent.


With the development of artificial satellites it has become possible to observe soft X rays from extraterrestrial sources. The purpose of this note is to describe the design of an X-ray 'telescope' and to analyze some of its characteristics.

The instrument consists of one or several parabolic mirrors on which the X rays impinging at nearly grazing angles undergo total reflection. The possibility of using optics of this type has been discussed in the past in connection with X-ray microscopy [Kirkpatrick and Pattee, 1957; Trurnit, 1946]. These discussions have remained of purely theoretical interest, owing to the difficulty of constructing sufficiently accurate mirrors of the extremely small physical dimensions required. These difficulties, however, are greatly reduced in the construction of large mirrors.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: method for motion vector coding includes the following stages: selection of the first mode as the mode of information coding about a predictor of the motion vector in the current unit, and in this mode information is coded, which indicates the motion vector predictor at least from one motion vector predictor, or selection of the second mode, in which information is coded, which indicates generation of a motion vector predictor on the basis of units or pixels included into a pre-coded area adjacent to the current unit; determination of the motion vector predictor of the current unit in accordance with the selected mode, and coding of information on the motion vector predictor of the current unit; and coding of the vector of difference between the motion vector of the current unit and predictor of the motion vector of the current unit. EFFECT: increased efficiency of coding and decoding of a motion vector. 15 cl, 19 dwg


This paper aims to estimate a location- and time-dependent high-magnitude heat flux in a heat conduction problem. The heat flux is applied on a small region of a surface of a flat plate, while transient temperature measurements are taken on the opposite surface. This inverse problem is solved using the Kalman filter and a reduced forward model, obtained by simplifications of a three-dimensional and nonlinear heat conduction problem. To deal with the modeling errors of this reduced model, the Approximation Error Model is used. The results show that excellent estimates can be obtained at feasible computational times.


Views of the modern Caribbean have been constructed by a fiction of the absent aboriginal. Yet, all across the Caribbean Basin, individuals and communities are reasserting their identities as indigenous peoples, from Carib communities in the Lesser Antilles, the Garifuna of Central America, and the Taino of the Greater Antilles, to members of the Caribbean diaspora. Far from extinction, or permanent marginality, the region is witnessing a resurgence of native identification and organization. This is the only volume to date that focuses concerted attention on a phenomenon that can no longer be ignored. Territories covered include Belize, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, St. Vincent, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Puerto Rican diaspora. Writing from a range of contemporary perspectives on indigenous presence, identities, the struggle for rights, relations with the nation-state, and globalization, fourteen scholars, including four indigenous representatives, contribute to this unique tesament to cultural survival. This book will be indispensable to students of Caribbean history and anthropology, indigenous studies, ethnicity, and globalization.


Some key ideas about the use of fuzzy models in predictive control are presented. The discussion is extended to the use of interior point methods to solve the optimization problem in predictive control problems. The use of interior point methods opens the door to the formulation of robust optimization problems and by using this formulation a robust model predictive control strategy can be formulated. The paper shows such a formulation and explains how the Takagi-Sugeno description of a fuzzy model can be very efficient to formulate the uncertainties.


The high speed machining has been widely applied to manufacture a die and machine elements product in industrial field. Especially, 5-axis milling has been employed to produce a wide range of turbine blades, impellers and complex molds. In this study, machining characteristics of injection mold was investigated according to tool position control. The cutting force and surface roughness were measured with various tool position angles. When the tool position angle was over 25 degree, the cutting force was decreased and surface roughness was good compared with low tool position angles.


A nested method combining tabu search (TS) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) for the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) is proposed. It involves MINLP in a nested inner and outer loop, where TS in the outer loop involves the integer variables, and SQP in the inner loop solves the nonlinear programming (NLP) with integers specified from the outer loop. Good performance has been demonstrated by several mathematic examples and a pump system example, but problems with regard to heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS) are still encountered. Further analysis shows that even given the optimal structure of a heat exchanger network (HEN), it is difficult to solve the inner loop NLP. Based on the Yee and Grossmann model, an adaptive model reformulation method is later proposed, to bridge the inner loop and the outer loop. Given the integer variables by the outer loop, it automatically simplifies the NLP model, in regard to both dimension and complexity, before delivering it to the inner loop SQP m...


Concentration on the ascetic element in Puritanism has led to a misunderstanding of the Puritans' attitude towards style and the use of figurative language. Kenneth Murdock cites as characteristic of Puritan style in prose and poetry a tension arising from the conflict of theoretical asceticism with a recognition that practical effectiveness in preaching demanded an appeal to man's senses. "Constantly one feels in Puritan literature," writes Murdock, "a conflict between the desire to convince and persuade by the readiest means, and the determination never to cross the line into pleasing the sensual man." Thus, though the Puritan writer generally depreciated the power of words as dead things incapable of conveying the living truth, "he used figures of speech … because he knew that whatever the ideal potency of divine truth might be, fallen man responded most directly to it when some concessions were made to his errant fancy." This resembles the theory of accommodation, and Mr. Murdock calls it by that name when he cites Richard Baxter as a kind of authority for the stylistic practice of American Puritans. While he admits that it is, in a strict sense, "borrowed and improper," Baxter justifies his use of figurative language in terms of its usefulness and effectiveness. The American Puritans, armed with Baxter's "doctrine of accommodation," formed their literary theory "in an attempt to answer the old riddle of how infinite and eternal variety is to be expressed in the finite terms comprehensible to mortal man."


Several characterizations of a ring R is given for which any non-zero finitely generated module M is retractable in the sense that HomR(M,N) is non-zero whenever N is a non-zero submodule of M. Such rings are called finite retractable. It is shown that any ring being Morita equivalent to a commutative ring is finite retractable. Also, if the commutative ring is semi-Artinian then any non-zero module is retractable. The class of finite retractable rings is shown to be closed under Morita equivalence and finite direct products. Moreover, for a finite retractable ring R which is a right order in a ring Q, it is shown that Q is also finite retractable.


Until recently it was not possible to account accurately for the basilar‐membrane amplitude and phase data of Rhode (1971). This may be so because the basilar membrane with its attachments was treated as a simple mechanical system consisting of stiffness, mass, and resistance distributed along the cochlea. When it is assumed instead that the mass of the tectorial membrane is attached elastically to the basilar membrane so that it can resonate in the radial mode at a frequency slightly above the measured best frequency, the resulting load on the basilar membrane leads to an amplitude and phase pattern in agreement with Rhode's. The effect was demonstrated on simple mechanical and network models. The latter yielded simultaneously a shear motion between the tectorial membrane and the reticular lamina, which paralleled neural tuning curves. The shear motion is generally regarded as the adequate stimulus for the hair cells. Construction of the tuning curves included a variable damping consistent with Rhode's r...


Packet Combining (PC) and Multipacket Reception (MPR) techniques have great potential to deal with lost packets since both take full advantage of the signals associated to all failed transmission attempts. However, their performance evaluation in practical systems is difficult because lengthy simulations are needed to obtain the packet error rates for specific channel conditions. The paper presents an analytical tool to obtain the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER) performances for Packet Combining (PC), Multipacket Reception (MPR) and the hybrid of both schemes, based on Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization (IB-DFE) receivers for Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE). A set of simulation results show that the proposed analytical approach has accurate Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER) results with a simple and relatively fast method.