For the safety of ships navigation in marime environments, accurate localiation is essential. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are the most commonly used positioning systems in outdoor environments, but GNSS signals are vulnerable to intentional attacks such as jamming or spoofing. Under such conditions, marine radar can be utilized to build the coastline map and localize the ship's position relative to the map in the framework of simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM). This study proposes an inverse sensor model for SLAM in coastal areas. By considering observability and pixel intensity, an Occupancy Grid map is gerated from a series of radar images. Areas with probability mismatches were considered when calculating the likelihood of each particle. Without corrections from other sensor measurements, the vehicle's position could be estimated within 5 pixels of mean absolute position error and 4 pixels of mean relative position error.


NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) has just released the report on the first health hazard evaluation to be carried out at an art school by a government agency. The survey, which took place at Cooper Union's art school, located in New York City, in April and December of 1975 and March 1976, was conducted at Cooper Union's own request. George Sadek, Dean of Cooper Union's School of Art and Architecture, said that they decided to request NIOSH to carry out this evaluation because he felt that 'the schools have to show concern for the health and safety of artists of the future.' As stated in the NIOSH report, the purpose of the survey was 'to evaluate the exposure of students, faculty and technical assistants to materials used by artists and craftspersons.' The survey covered the areas of print-making, painting, metal-casting, woodworking and plastic sculpture. Since the results of this survey are applicable to art schools all across the country, I am going to quote the Conclusions and Recommendations from the report in their entirety: It is believed that most of the chemicals and processes to which students, faculty, and technical personnel at the Cooper Union School of Art are exposed have no serious and long-lasting health effects. This is primarily due to the fact that exposure times are usually brief and sporadic in nature. However, there are a few exceptions to this, notably the exposure to silica, benzene (benzol), and lead. Although exposures to these substances also are occasional, it is believed that even short-term exposures to concentrations in the ranges of those measured during this investigation may have potentially toxic effects. Several substances used at Cooper Union may produce transient irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and may dry and defat the skin. The solvents used in etching, lithography, silk screening, and painting are in this category. Concentrations of mineral spirits, lithotine/benzine, toluene, xylene, acetone, and styrene are not judged to be a health hazard at the concentrations measured during this evaluation. It is recognized that concentrations may be higher at times of increased activity in these areas, however, since these exposures are shortterm and occur intermittently, they are not believed to be capable of producing any long-term health effects. Concentrations of wood dust encountered in the sculpture area also are believed to be capable of producing transient irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Although longterm health effects are not likely with limited exposure times, the evidence from woodworking industries that more


Declaration of Illegality of the Regulation with a Higher-Order Act as a Premise for a Claim for Damages. Analysis on the Requirement of a Prejudicial Decision of the Constitutional Court

The subject of the analysis carried out in the article is the issue whether in the compensation proceeding based on the art. 4171 § 1 of the Civil Code, it is necessary to obtain a prejudicature of the Constitutional Tribunal, stating the inconsistency of the sublegislative act with a higher-order act. The motions filed by the Prime Minister and the Marshal of the lower house of the Polish parliament which concerns the examination of the compliance of art. 4171 § 1 of the Civil Code with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland constitute the grounds for these considerations. The arguments detailed in the motions mentioned above have been discussed in detail. These considerations have been supplemented by ananalysing the provisions included in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland concerning liability for damages of public authorities. On this basis, the issue of whether it is necessary to obtain a prejudicature of the Constitutional Tribunal, stating the inconsistency of a regulation with a higher-ranking act, for the purposes of compensation proceedings, was resolved. It was also discussed whether it is possible to interpret art. 4171 § 1 of the Civil Code in accordance with the approved constitutional model.


This paper brings a perspective on the relativity of the dystopian experience of the characters in the post-apocalyptic topos of the narrative O quase fim do mundo, by the Angolan Pepetela. Considering that dystopia is a happening or experience, instead of a spatiotemporal situation, it becomes possible to relativize the dystopian condition, transfiguring its generalizing character.


The article is devoted to actual problem of gender identification of social subject by sings and symbols. The socialphilosophy sense of gender is represented in the space of social communication; the variants of gender cooperation are determined. The cooperation is explained like a dialogue, which occurs the mutual interpretation of transliterated gender symbols and signs


The American west was first opened up by horse-drawn wagons in the 1800s, before 'iron horse' railways opened up the vast plains for settlers, miners and farmers. The rail connected towns and cities from the east to west coast, but enthusiasm for this transport collapsed in the early 1900s as commerce and passengers opted to use automobiles and trucks powered by cheap gasoline instead. Investment in railroad infrastructure never fully recovered and today's rail industry is paying the price.

"BNSF's $28m capital investment in the new Sweetwater logistics facility is an investment in the rebirth of the energy industry in West Texas and of a retired, 75-acre BNSF rail yard," said Dave Garin, BNSF group vice president industrial products.

In addition, [Warren Buffett] has said that the rail industry as a whole remains concerned about safety after the recent string of accidents. "It's true that the world is going to need an improved tank car," Buffet said, adding, "How to transport oil by rail safely is 'all' the industry is thinking about."


Extrafloral nectaries are sugar-water secreting glands on plants which attract numerous nectar-feeders but not pollinators. They have been repeat~dly shown to be the site of ant-plant mutualism: plants are protected from herbivores by the antswhile the ants receive food. Since there are no ants native to Hawai'i, it was hypothesized th~t none of the endemic plants would have extrafloral nectaries.


In this study, the sorption behaviour of 1,3-benzothiazole (BT) and
 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole (MTBT) was investigated on Danube geosorbent
 under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. All sorption isotherms
 fitted well with the Freundlich model (R2=0.932-0.993). The results showed
 that organic matter of the Danube geosorbent has a higher sorption affinity
 for the more hydrophobic MTBT compared to BT. However, sorption-desorption
 experiments showed that MTBT was more easily desorbed than BT molecules,
 which indicates the importance of absorption relative to adsorption in the
 overall sorption mechanism of MTBT. In general, molecules of BT and MTBT were
 more easily desorbed in the lower concentration range, which resulted in an
 increase in the hysteresis indices with increasing concentrations. Column
 experiments revealed that retention of the investigated compounds on the
 aquifer material followed the compound's hydrophobicity. BT showed a lower
 retention, in accordance with its lower sorption affinity obtained in the
 static experiments, while MTBT showed a greater sorption affinity, and thus
 had a longer retention time on the column. Thus during transport BT represent
 greater risk for groundwaters than MTBT. These results have increased our
 understanding of benzothiazoles sorption and desorption process which
 represent one of the most important factors which influence the behaviour of
 organic compounds in the environment.


The sustainability of the shrimp aquaculture production-consumption system has been seen first and foremost seen as a technical problem solvable by better engineering, management systems, and regulations, particularly at the outgrowth pond stage. Interventions through food safety standards and trade have targeted pond practices and harvesting techniques of capture fisheries. In Thailand and Vietnam the role of smaller farms, traders and suppliers as well as local communities and wider public in decision-making about coastal zone development and regulations of shrimp aquaculture, has been small. The state, on the other hand, has had much closer relationships with processing and export firms, whether as larger independent companies in Thailand, or state enterprises in Vietnam. In this paper we argue that institutional and governance innovations to improve sustainability of shrimp aquaculture need to go beyond the pond and the state. They need to start in the ocean where many critical inputs are derived and end on the plate where consumers have the final say on what is eaten or not. They need to consider the interests of not only producers and consumers, but also of intermediate firms in the supply chain, and other affected and concerned people. Perhaps the most significant change required, however, is to draw critical attention away from a focus on ideal rules and sets of incentives towards improving the processes by which decisions about institutional arrangements are actually made and implemented. This applies both to local coastal zone management and international trade and environment negotiations.


The German initiative "Industrie 4.0" has been the focal point of industrial research in Germany in the last decade. The initiative main objectives are to establish a production with a higher degree of flexibility and cooperation that has not been reached so far. Resource sharing and load reallocation play a crucial role in reinforcing the aforementioned objectives. Previously, we introduced a list of KPIs, a benchmark that can simulate the different load algorithms, and a stability analysis that listed all the boundary conditions needed in the automation domain. In this paper, we present a multi-dimensional mathematical model that describes the trade-off between balancing interdependent loads simultaneously reducing the reality gap between the introduced models and realistic situations.


1 A simple paradigm Generating a large prime is an important step in the RSA algorithm. We can generate a large prime by repeatedly selecting a large random integer and testing it for primality. We stop when a prime number is found. Therefore, assume that a large integer n is given, and choose a rational number α < 1 to perform the following algorithm: repeat generate a random integer p ∈ [n α , n] until p is prime There are two important aspects of the above algorithm. First, it is random-ized in the sense that our random choices determine its running time (through the number of iterations). Second, it relies heavily on a method for primality testing, which will dominate the running time of a single iteration (making a random choice takes O(log n) time since it requires generating that many bits). 2 Analysis of number of iterations Let us first determine the probability of choosing a prime in [n α , n]. We use a famous result in number theory: Prime number theorem Let π(n) be the number of primes ≤ n. Then π(n) ∼ n ln n This is an asymptotic characterization, i.e. lim n→∞ π(n) ln n n = 1. Since we are dealing with large values of n, making the approximation π(n) ≈


It is possible to look at Chinese history—and there are some scholars who do this—as a tale of environmental battles. If you go into early Chinese society and politics, you'll find problems of overcoming the environment, as well as enormous feats of highly technical engineering, long before there were civilized societies in many parts of the world. One of the greatest cultural heroes in the early Chinese saga of its own history is a person who carved open the mountains and made way for the rivers. This was Yu the Great, not necessarily a historical figure, but one who stands in Chinese texts as somebody whose contribution to the country was tampering with and gouging out and rebending and reorganizing the spaces and the waters of China. The tumultuous rivers, their high siltation rates, the extraordinary dangers of navigating them—these have all been parts of China's long historical tradition.


In this paper we propose Mind Mapping as a technique which enhances holistic learning or whole brain learning in higher education. The dynamics performed in the learning and application of Mind Mapping is part of a participatory approach in the classroom as an element of the learning process. The research approach follows a quantitative methodology. The results reflect the views of students about the learning of Mind Mapping and its effectiveness in the study. The findings indicate that mental maps can be used with any type of material, making it a tool applicable to any university degree course.


We have read with high interest the letter to the editor and carefully taken under consideration the comments and upcoming questions. Considering the topic of the sense of smell: the patients of our study were separated into hyposmia and anosmia groups. Actually, all the patients underwent functional endoscopic surgery (radical ethmoïdectomy) after medical treatment failure. In this specific setting of nasal polyposis extension, patients hardly never assert normosmia: conservation of a normal sense of smell is very infrequent in case of patients after progression with well-conducted medical treatment [1]. Moreover, the main objective of the study was to assess the predictive factors of recovering the sense of smell after radical bilateral ethmoidectomy. Lastly, it is customary to use comparison groups hyposmia and anosmia when considering surgical the sense of smell outcomes in nasal polyposis surgery [2]. Considering the benefits of corticosteroids sprays, we do completely agree with the authors of this letter. Thus, both oral and topical steroids have been widely evaluated and significantly demonstrated that they both improve the sense of smell of patients with CRSwNP. Banglawala et al. also concluded with those results [3]. Nevertheless, the published data and meta-analysis have not evaluated the specific subject of postoperative benefit of corticosteroids sprays [4], but considered overall subjective results of olfactory outcomes. The olfactory function evaluation is critical and we fully support that the evaluation would have been strengthened in our study by adding an objective measurement to the assessed VAS scale. Objective scales (i.e., University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, sniffin' stick olfactory test) may have improved the potency of our results. Therefore, this issue was discussed. Nevetheless, the sense of smell remains highly subjective: this has been described in the position paper on olfactory dysfunction published in 2017 in Rhinology by Hummel et al. [5]. Both Hummel et al. [5] in Rhinology and Rimmel et al. [4] in the Cochrane Metaanalysis described the subjective scale assessments reliable in medical daily practice, that were chosen for simplicity. The polyp size may play a role on smell recovery and would have been interesting to evaluate, but was not considered in the current study, as the percentages of hyposmia and anosmia were not different in stage three groups; and only varied of 5% in the stage 4.


This article deals with tax rules for alternative investment companies. The main aim of the contribution is approximation of the specifics of income taxation and also the answer to the question whether companies of this type can be used more widely outside Poland for the purposes of international tax planning.


The role of museums in the intersection of historical and narrative truth and in what it implies about the politics of representation is discussed. The dialogue, The Two Laws exhibition and Bujilaka as a whole are not perfect.


To investigate the effects of using a Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI)-based module in teaching nanotechnology to health science college students, action research following the PDSA model was employed. Classroom observation checklist was used to describe how the module was implemented in terms of students' behavior and engagement, use of the module, and teacher's role. While students' knowledge and formal reasoning were measured using a concept test on nanotechnology, which was administered before and after the use of the module. This study involved health science students (n1 = 96) and classroom observers (n2 = 3) who participated in the implementation of the module. Interviews and classroom observations were conducted to triangulate with the test scores. It was observed that the use of the module enhanced students' behavior and engagement. Students' critical thinking skills, creativity, communication, and collaboration were also evident. Results showed that there is a significant change in students' conceptual understanding of nanotechnology as evidenced by the effect size (d = 0.93 - 1.51) at 98% confidence interval. Student responses during the interviews and their learning logs also verified the effectiveness of using the module as they find it interesting and relevant to their degree program. The results reveal that integrating SSI in the instruction of the nanotechnology unit under the course Science, Technology, and Society (STS) proved to be useful in improving students' performance by engaging them in discussion involving issues that are timely and relevant to their degree program.


Our case not only is of anatomicopathologic interest because of the rarity of the condition but also has a clinical aspect. For these reasons we have thought it worth recording. REPORT OF A CASE Vera K., born on Oct. 16, 1946, was the first child of healthy parents. She was six weeks premature, the weight at birth being 2,000 Gm. There was no asphyxia. The right foot had six toes; no other anomalies were seen. The mother's pregnancy had been undisturbed. On the second day the child was admitted to St. John's Hospital because of her premature birth. It was noted that she had difficulty in nursing and vomited frequently. Meconium appeared in the napkins. On examination, on October 19, the child was whining as though in pain. The facies forboded mental debility. Slight icterus was present. In addition to the polydactyly, there was dystopia ani anterior, the anus being


The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean meal replacement by slow-release urea on feed intake, ruminal parameters, blood metabolites, dry matter, nutrients digestion, and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in ram. Rams were used for four 21-day periods. The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square design. The experiment has consisted of the following four rations: 1) basic diet with soybean meal as a protein source, 2) basic diet with soybean meal plus 0.5 % of DM slow-release urea (SRU), 3) basic diet with soybean meal plus 1 % of DM SRU, and 4) basic diet with soybean meal plus 1.5 % of SRU, respectively. Soybean meal replacement by SRU decreased ruminal ammonia and blood urea. SRU increase in diets significantly increased acetic acid 3 hours after morning feeding, blood glucose, total purine, uric acid excretion, microbial nitrogen, and microbial protein. The results showed that soybean meal replacement by SRU sources had no negative effect on rams performance.


In the paper is analyzed mechanism to absorb microwave energy by fast cyclotron electron beam wave in rectangular resonator of microwave rectifier for microwave power engineering, is developed a semi-consistent computer simulation program in which is used Rung-Kutta method with 4-order accuracy, and is calculated efficiency η from microwave energy to kinetic energy of electron beam. η≈99% is shown if cyclotron resonance ω_c=ω is satisfied,and radius of electron beam must be less than 5mm in order to obtain large total efficiency from microwave energy to d.c.output.


Vernal keratoconjunctivitis  is a variety of exogenous allergic conjunctivitis, which is a very troublesome ocular disease of childhood and in the adolescent age group . The child suffers from intense itching, grittiness, discharge, redness, lacrimation, photophobia, and so on, thereby, decreasing his learning hours. The troublesome features are aggravated in the spring season so called as spring catarrh and the diseases incidence is more common in dry and hot climate,and rarely persists after adolescence. Mast cell stabilizers, topical Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and steroids are the available treatment options that too with symptomatic relief and potential side effects, which limits the long-term use of these medicines.    Thus, there is an increasing demand to understand the disease in view of Ayurveda and to establish the management through Ayurvedic system of medicine.On reviewing the clinical presentation from all the classical text, it is found that Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis /Spring Catarrh resemble to Kaphaja Abhishyanda . The spring catarrh nomenclature of the disease is indicative of seasonal ( Vasanta Ritu ) incidence, and as per the Ayurvedic principles, it is the  Kapha Prakopa  period of the year. Childhood age group is the  Kapha dominating period of life  and the clinical features of the disease simulate those of  Kaphaja Abhishyanda .


Some properties of excitons in polar crystals are studied. The effective Hamiltonian of the exciton in polar crystals is derived by a perturbation method. If we consider the interaction between phonons of different wave vectors in the recoil process, the influence on the effective potential between electron and hole, the self-trapping energy, and the self-trapping condition are discussed.


The article analyzes the uneven settlement of the connecting section of the East 1# sluice of the Oufei I reclamation project by PLAXIS finite element software, obtaining results of the development law of settlement and the location of the largest uneven settlement on the connecting section of the sluice under the conditions of the ordinary riprap mode and the empty box mode. The comparative analysis results show that the settlement on the two sluices is relatively close, and the settlement on the seawall is quite different, which is close to 2 times. The uneven settlement of the connecting section of the seawall and sluice is mainly manifested at the junction of the empty box of the sluice and the rubble area of the seawall. The empty box mode can reduce the weight of the seawall in order to reduce the uneven settlement on the connecting section of the seawall and sluice.


David M. Engel. Code and Custom in a Thai Provincial Court: the Interaction of Formal and Informal Systems of Justice. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, The Association for Asian Studies, 1978. 230 pp.


Part I. Kant's theoretical philosophy: 1. Transcendental idealism: a Retrospective 2. Reflections on the B-deduction 3. Apperception and analyticity in the B-deduction 4. On naturalizing Kant's transcendental psychology 5. Gurwitsch's interpretation of Kant: reflections of a former student 6. Causality and causal law in Kant: a critique of Michael Friedman 7. Kant's refutation of materialism Part II. Kant's practical philosophy: 8. Kant on freedom: a reply to my critics 9. Autonomy and spontaneity in Kant's conception of the self 10. On the presumed gap in the derivation of the categorical imperative 11. Kant's doctrine of obligatory ends 12. Reflections on the banality of (radical) evil: a Kantian analysis Notes Index.


Based on the statistics from 1989 to 2011 and the VEC model,this paper sets up an empirical frame of analysing the relationship between rural-urban income disparity and rural population flow in Anhui province.The study indicates that rural migration has significant long-term impacts on rural and urban income disparity,with each 1% increase in rural population flow leads to 1.95% growth in rural-urban income gap.Furthermore,there is an obvious time lag of such influence,rural migration has effects on the income gap during various periods.Therefore,it is essential to enhance the migrants' scientific and cultural quality and establish countryside talents development mechanism in order to guide rural population flow and develop rural industry.


This paper examines the oscillatory behavior of complex viscoelastic systems with power law like relaxation behavior. Specifically, we use the fractional Maxwell model, consisting of a spring and fractional dashpot in series, which produces a power-law creep behavior and a relaxation law following the Mittag-Leffler function. The fractional dashpot is characterized by a parameter β, continuously moving from the pure viscous behavior when β = 1 to the purely elastic response when β = 0. In this work, we study the general response function and focus on the oscillatory behavior of a fractional Maxwell system in four regimes: Stress impulse, strain impulse, step stress, and driven oscillations. The solutions are presented in a format analogous to the classical oscillator, showing how the fractional nature of relaxation changes the long-time equilibrium behavior and the short-time transient solutions. We specifically test the critical damping conditions in the fractional regime, since these have a particular r...


Tensions in designing for care are often positioned as conflicts to be resolved. We draw upon queer theories to investigate caring for loved ones as not "in-line" with normative expectations of care as positive and fulfilling. Through the critique of two autobiographical design projects designed for informal, everyday care of our families, we describe four troubling orientations of care: willful detours, selfish shortcuts, naughty invasions, and unhappy departures. From these, we argue that tensions in care may not always be designed against, but can also be desired and generative. We conclude by discussing a "wickedness" in caring for loved ones that problematizes in-home technologies as attractively naughty and potentially violent, and the four orientations as resources for interaction designers to spatially navigate tensions of domestic care.


Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis, sometimes still perceived as an exotic disease, consequently its diagnostic is overlooked or delayed. Although the first description of the disease was made in Japan 50 years ago, the diagnosis remains based on clinical criteria. The etiology is unknown, but the current accepted theory is that an infectious trigger initiates a particular immune response in children with a genetic predisposition for this disease. The main complication of Kawasaki disease is coronary aneurysm. The prompt administration of high doses of immunoglobulins is essential to reduce the cardiovascular complications.


This report presents a new short-term traffic volume forecasting method, based on statistical analysis of traffic volume profiles. These profiles are consecutive values of the traffic volumes at a point divided by the total traffic volume for a given length of time. On the French toll motorway system it is shown that the daily traffic volume profies can be grouped into a small number of classes with members of the same class resembling each other more than members of different classes. Traffic forecasting is thus facilitated by forecasting for each class of traffic. A computer program (ATHENA) was developed and the method was tested during the summer of 1989 at three points on the French motorway system (Nimes, Orange and Beaune). The study shows conclusively that a traffic classification method, based on historical data, considerably improves accuracy of forecasting.


Documentation of disability in previous Individualized Education Program (IEP) Documentation of disability in previous Section 504 Plan Documentation of disability in previous Summary of Performance Documentation of disability in previous Private School Formal Written Plan Documentation of disability in an outside, private evaluation from a Qualified Professional Documentation of disability from a Medical Doctor Evaluation or Letter from a Qualified Professional


The Paper is an investigation of the possible deviation of the light from a star near the sun due to the temperature changes in the atmosphere produced by the passage of the moon's shadow across the earth during an eclipse. It is shown that while the actual displacements from this cause vary widely for slight differences in the assumed conditions, they are always negligibly small compared with the effects observed at the last solar eclipse.


The aim of this paper is to analyse whether labour mobility is likely to act as a sufficient adjustment mechanism in the face of asymmetric shocks in Italy. In particular, the paper examines if the interregional migration responds, among other factors, also to the GDP's regional cyclical component. The results show that interregional labour mobility appears to respond adequately to current and past cyclical fluctuations.


Changes of the serum tumor marker levels were analyzed in 80 patients with hepatic malignancy treated with chemolipiodolization. In 52 cases, the levels of the tumor marker elevated on the 1st day after treatment with an exponential drop afterwards. The levels of the tumor marker on the first day compared with those before treatment were significantly higher in effectively treated cases. The exponentially declining curve dissociated about 10 days before reaching the lowest point, and it gradually rose again in 32 cases. The second treatment of chemolipiodolization should be applied before dissociation of the exponential curve.


A cold‐fluid, self‐consistent model of electron and ion flow in coaxial cylindrical geometries is applied to the problem of magnetically insulated diodes. The one species, nonrelativistic problem is studied to determine in what configurations and parameter domains equilibria corresponding to magnetic insulation exist. It is proved that when the outer electrode is the cathode, equilibria always exist. For an inner cathode, whether or not equilibria exist and whether they are unique depends on whether the field is azimuthal or longitudinal and on the ratio of the radii. The two‐species relativistic problem is then analyzed with the help of a computational routine which integrates the cold‐fluid differential equations and searches the parameter space for the point corresponding to space charge limited emission. As the critical field is approached from above, the resulting values of ion current show an enhancement over the single species prediction by a factor which increases with voltage and with anode radius. Patterns of nonexistence of equilibria similar to those observed for the one‐species, nonrelativistic case are also found.


For improvement in recording power sensitivity in overwritable magnetooptic media with exchange coupled trilayer (ECTL), it has been found necessary to decrease the saturation magnetization (M/sub s/) value for the control layer, as well as to reduce the Curie temperature (T/sub c/) value for the writing layer. Highly rare-earth (RE) rich GdNdFeCo film has been used to decrease the M/sub s/ value for the control layer, instead of ferromagnetic NdFeCo film. The media consists of a PC substrate, a SiN underlayer, a transition-metal-rich TbFe memory layer, a NdFeCo or highly RE-rich GdNdFeCo control layer, an RE-rich GdNdFeCo writing layer whose compensation temperature is 180 degrees C, and an SiN protective layer. By using the RE-rich GdNdFeCo control layer and the lower T/sub c/ writing layer, the recording power sensitivity was improved 1.5 times compared to the media with NdFeCo control layer without decreasing the carrier-to-noise ratio. >


This study aims to investigate how easy pedestrians get around within/through the `Apartment Complexes (AC), ` a common style of high-rise multi-family housing in Korea. Over the past six decades, the AC has been the most conventional way to provide standardized housing efficiently to address the problems of the shortage of housing and the substandard housing, due to the explosion of urban population with the rapid industrialization. The AC is a huge chunk of homeogenous multi-family housing, mostly condos with decent infrastructure, including parks, pedestrian passages, schools, ect. Both in the new town development and urban renewal programs have utilized the advantages of the AC. Since the design principals of AC tend to adopt the `protective design` to prevent cars and pedestrians coming outside from passing it, it has been criticised for dissecting the continuity of socioeconomic context in neighborhoods. The neo-traditional planning urbanists, including Jane Jacobs, emphasize that smaller blocks and grid road newtworks are the key in improving social, cultural, and economic vitality of the neighborhoods, because these design concepts allow more pedestrians and different types of people to be mixed in a neighborhood. In this study, we first adopted objective measures for pedestrian accessibility and pedestrian efficiency. These measures were used to calculate the lengths of shortest paths from residential buildings to the edges of AC. We tested the difference in shortest paths between the current pedestrian networks of AC and hypothetical grid networks on the AC, and the relative difference is considered as the pedestrian efficiency, using the network analysis function of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Python programming. We found from the randomly selected 30 ACs that the existing non-grid road networks in ACs are worse than the hypothesized grid networks, in terms of pedestrian efficiency. In average, pedestrians in AC with the conventional road networks have to walk than 25%, 26%, and 27% longer than the networks of 125×45m, 100×45m, and 75×45m, respectively. With the t-test analysis, we found the pedestrian efficiency of AC with the conventional network is lower than grid-networks. Many new urbanists stress, easiness of walking is one of the most import elements for community building and social bonds. With the findings from the objective measures of pedestrian accessibility and efficiency, the AC would have limitations to attract people outside into the AC itself, which would increase dis-connectivity with adjacent areas.


The traditional identification method of watered-out layer is mainly based on logging interpretation, the evaluate model is established according to the change of logging curve of watered-out layer. but the error is usually very large. Based on ensemble learning method, this paper selects random forests algorithm to establish classifiers of different reservoir watered-out levels, and it verifies with actual oilfield data. The results show that the accuracy of this method reaches 96.2%, and it can be effectively used to identify watered-out layers. Keywordsrandom forests; water flooded; classifier identification


Impulsiveness is one of the most socially relevant personality traits, and individual differences in impulsivity are related to many social deviant behaviours, such as substance dependence (Stanford et al. 2009). Coffee and cigarette consumption is associated with higher levels of impulsiveness (Mitchell 1999). Impulsiveness and poly-abuse are both risk factors for the development and maintenance of addiction and for the relapse after withdrawal (Stuyt 1997, Junghanns et al. 2005, Tziortzis et al. 2011). Bankston et al. (2009) showed the effectiveness of therapeutic community in decreasing patients' impulsivity after long-term rehabilitation programmes. To date, no studies evaluated the effectiveness of a short-term detoxification unit in decreasing inpatients' impulsivity levels.


The large embayment with a vast area of continental shelf makes the Ross Sea marine ecosystem unique among the Antarctic waters. The ecosystem on the continental shelf is relatively known (Smith et al., 2007 for review). However, there is little information on the waters adjacent to the continental shelf. Because the continental shelf and the adjacent waters are generally connected through ocean circulation (Kwok, 2005), it is ideal to conduct a multidisciplinary survey in these areas simultaneously to understand the structure of the whole ecosystem of the Ross Sea. The R/V Kaiyo Maru and the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) research vessels were used to conduct a multidisciplinary ecosystem survey jointly in the Ross Sea in the austral summer of 2004/05 as a Japanese national program. Recently, large-scale, multidisciplinary surveys were conducted in the Antarctic waters. An Australian national multidisciplinary survey, BROKE (Baseline Research on Structure of the marine ecosystem of the Ross Sea, Antarctica —overview and synthesis of the results of a Japanese multidisciplinary study by Kaiyo-Maru and JARPA—


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea The National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) which is funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) Background Although early recurrence (ER) within 3 months after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA) is reportedly considered as a reliable predictor of late recurrence (LR), those ERs are still counted as benign events. There is no large-scale study showing the time limit of true blanking period, nor the potential mechanisms of clinically relevant recurrences within 3 months. Purpose To explore temporal association of ERs with LRs and the presence of extra-pulmonary vein (ExPV) triggers. Methods This retrospective, single center study included 2,788 patients undergoing de novo AFCA (median 60 years old, 37.4% persistent AF [PeAF]) with isoproterenol provocation at the procedures. ER and LR were defined as any documented atrial arrhythmia >30s occurring (≤3 months), (>3months) after AFCA respectively. We evaluated the risk factors for ER and LR and compared the risk for LR and existence of ExPV triggers according to different timing of ER. Results ER was detected in 783 (28.1%) patients. During a median follow-up of 40 months, LR occurred in 945 (33.9%) patients. PeAF (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.36-2.34), a larger left atrial (LA) diameter (OR 1.03 per 1 mm increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), and the existence of ExPV-triggers (OR 3.02, 95% CI 2.08-4.38) were independently associated with ER. ER (HR 2.55, 95% CI 2.15-3.03); the existence of ExPV-triggers (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.28-2.08), PeAF (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16-1.66), and a larger LA diameter (HR 1.02 per 1 mm increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) were independent predictors for LR. When stratified according to the days of ER occurrence, ER occurring earlier showed trends toward higher rates of LR (P for trend=0.047) (Figure 1A). Patients with ER occurring within 1 month after AFCA had a higher incidence of LR than those with ER occurring between 2 and 3 months after AFCA (57.5% vs. 49.6%; log-rank P=0.020) (Figure 2B). ER occurring within 1 month after AFCA, compared with no ER, was independently associated with the existence of ExPV triggers (OR 3.99, 95% CI 2.65-6.02) whereas ERs occurring at different timing were not (Figure 1B). Conclusions ER, regardless of the timing, and the existence of Ex-PV triggers were independently associated with long-term AF recurrence. Especially, ER occurring earlier within 1 month after AFCA, which was associated with Ex-PV triggers, had the worst rhythm outcome.


In this paper we describe the design and preliminary results of a system to distribute light from a laser to 10,000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter. This system uses optical devices, plastic optical fibers and fibers connectors, specially designed for this application. The uniformity of distribution is reasonable and the light losses are acceptable within the light budget available and the range required.


A healthy development and orderly operation of the credit information market is inseparable from a sound legal support.Unfortunately there is no legislation for credit information industry in China.Therefore,it's an important task to be addressed at present to strengthen legislative study on credit information industry,to establish a legal system for credit information which can provide strong support for regular development of credit information market in China.


A European housing typology for older people does not exist. There is a need to formulate a workable typology of elder-housing to enable planners and providers to make use of a meaningful categorization of accommodation within public, voluntary, private and mixed housing in a highly diversified Europe. This paper proposes an overarching typology, incorporating the notion of independent living accommodation and of assisted living accommodation as major categories, embracing 21 housing options. The usual use of the category of social housing is excluded because in Europe it has conflicting and overlapping meanings. Using the suggested typology, the provisions of independent living and of assisted living are commented upon in centre-periphery terms. Finally, the paper indicates that although the EU is the main European provider of welfare, it has virtually no housing policy, and its planning and provision are hindered by long-term constraints.


Kinetic effects bias paleotemperature signals preserved in carbonate 13C-18O clumping. Measurements of 18O-18O clumping can resolve these biases. We present a prototype laser spectrometer that simultaneously measures 13C-18O and 18O-18O clumping to precisions of <0.25‰.


Based on the needs that determination of resolution of the different cellsize DEM generated by DEM scaling,using histogram similarity method of calculation,the DEMs with different grid sizes compare to the DEMs of the topographic maps with different scales corresponding resolution to determine the DEM resolution generated by scaling. In this paper,four different similarity calculation method,L1 distance,L2 distance,χ2 distance,and the histogram intersection,experimental results show that the similarity calculation of the histogram can effectively determine the similarity of the DEM data to determine the DEM resolution. Four kinds of calculation,the L1 distance than the histogram intersection has a broader scope of application and more intuitive than the L2 distance and χ2 distance.


Objective To analyze and evaluate the relationship between itch and quality of life of male senile pruritus patients. Method Through cross-sectional investigation,questionnaire about score of itch and quality of life,this paper evaluated the features of itch and the impact to the quality of life on 205 male senile pruritus patients. Results The main feature of itch was pruritus localis,especially on anticnemion and scrotum; the episode feature of itch was single; the episode time was in the winter and at the night; the degree of itch in senile pruritus patients could impact the quality of life:the higher score of itch,the higher the degree of severity; the higher the score of quality of life,the worse the life is. Conclusion Itch degrades the quality of life of senile pruritus patients,especially impacts the nocturnal sleep.


The finite amplitude ion acoustic waves that trap electrons modify the structure of the evolving nonlinear soliton solutions. In the numerical simulations, self-consistently generated solitary waves are studied that emerge as a result of a current driven microinstability growing the ion acoustic mode in a collisionless Vlasov plasma. The growth saturates as a result of nonlinear effects governed by a combination of nonlinearities originating from the hydrodynamic model and kinetic particle trapping effects. The resulting solitary waves also coexist with a finite current and an electron plasma wave capable of perturbing the trapping potential. The results of multiscale simulation are analyzed and characterized following the kinetic prescription of undamped trapped particle mode in the form of phase space vortex solutions that are generalized form of Sagdeev's solitons and obey the solutions of a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, accounting for a stronger nonlinearity originating from the electron trapping.


Purpose
Facilities management (FM) activities affect citizens' health and safety, long-term urban environmental sustainability and the relationships between the built and natural environments of cities. This study aims to comprehend the status of smart FM tools application, how they are used to improve the delivery of FM services and the barriers to their implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the current smart solutions that leverage the quality of FM service, a case study based on the FM practice in Hong Kong was carried out. The case study was conducted in two phases of data acquisition based on a qualitative research methodology. After conducting in-depth interviews to determine the application of smart FM tools in different types of properties and to identify the initiatives and barriers to smart FM tool application, three workshops were conducted to validate the findings and further investigate the influence of FM professionals on smart FM tools application in Hong Kong.

Findings
The findings of the case study revealed, firstly, that four types of smart FM tools – user-centric, safety and hygiene, maintenance and sustainability-oriented – are used to assist the delivery of FM services. Secondly, smart FM tools are shown to be useful in assisting FM activities. Thirdly, the existing barriers to smart FM tool application manifest differently in shopping malls, office buildings and residential buildings. Fourthly, smart FM tools are used to address the four attributes of user needs: comfort, health and wellbeing, convenience and information to occupants.

Originality/value
The value of this study lies in its focus on the industry level (FM industry) and the application process of smart FM tools in different types of property, revealing the benefits, initiatives and barriers to their future application. This study provides a comprehensive picture of the current status and elaborates the barriers to smart FM tool application, which will help FM practitioners to make strategic decisions on selecting and developing smart FM tools. Also, this study will facilitate smart FM tool application policy development.


The presence of lamina propria invasion is a prominent prognostic factor in papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Pathologic assessment of lamina propria invasion is frequently difficult due to the inevitable tangential sectioning and other factors, such as thermal and/or mechanical artifacts or pronounced stromal inflammation that may obscure invasion.1 Recent studies performed on cervical, vulvar and laryngeal carcinoma2-4 suggest that an elevated stromal eosinophil count may serve as a morphologic feature associated with tumor invasion. We performed a study to test the hypothesis that a high stromal eosinophil count and intense stromal inflammation are indicative of lamina propria invasion in papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Our aim was also to estimate the number of eosinophils per 1 high power field (HPF) and per 10 HPFs that could serve as thresholds in the diagnosis of invasion. The computer database at the Ljudevit Jurak Department of Pathology was used to generate a list of 50 consecutive patients with pTa and pT1 papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder each treated with transurethral resection, starting on January 1, 2005. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 87 years (median, 67.4), and the male:female ratio was 4.5:1. There was no statistically significant difference in the age (Mann-Whitney U-test, p> 0.05) or sex distribution (c2 test, p>0.05) between the pTa and pT1 groups. Thirty-one (62%) pT1 and 4 (8%) pTa tumors were high grade. Eosinophils were counted in lamina propria in an HPF (400•) with the maximal number of eosinophils and in 9 adjacent HPFs (Table I). The average number of inflammatory cells in 1 HPF was calculated from 10 randomly selected HPFs in lamina propria and graded as 0: 200 inflammatory cells/HPF.


Somali women play exceptional significant role in the economic and social development of Somalia after the central government collapsed in 1990. They are entering in business activities at all levels, making important contributions to economic growth. Nowadays, Somali women are increasingly active in parts of the economy that were previously considered male domain. Women entrepreneurs also create jobs. In the patriarchal society of Somalia, Women have worked as part of family labor for centuries. They have even actively helped their men folk in making business decisions when necessary. In dire circumstances they have even taken charge of family as bread winners and heads of families. However, womanhood as a concept does not include all these. Women as rule are not socialized as independent economic decision makers which is the core of the entrepreneurial spirit. the purpose of this paper is to explore women entrepreneurship, and more plainly, the challenges that Somali Female entrepreneurs face in the specific context of Mogadishu city.The main objective of this study was to examine challenges or constraints that are facing women entrepreneurs in Mogadishu-Somalia. A list of 131 participants was participated in this study. The study was conducted though survey and it used questionnaire. It identified many challenges that women entrepreneurs are facing such as financial problem, violence against women, lack of sufficient knowledge and family problem. It recommended that, the government should play its rules toward violence against women and there should be institutions who are advocating rights of women.


1. The amounts of serum proteins have been investigated by paper electrophoresis in normal C3H/Sp mice of different ages and in C3H/Sp mice bearing either spontaneous mammary carcinomas or isologous or homologous mammary carcinoma transplants.

2. Mice bearing spontaneous mammary carcinomas possessed lower serum gamma globulin levels than normal control animals. No differences were found in other protein fractions.

3. Serum gamma globulin levels decreased as the mice became older and approached the age at which tumors began to develop. No changes with age were observed in other serum proteins. The decreasing gamma globulin levels were accompanied by decreased ability to concentrate P32 in the lymph nodes as the animals became older.

4. The presence of growing transplanted mammary carcinoma tissue in mice was accompanied by a decreased gamma globulin and an increased albumin level. Animals bearing the larger tumor transplants had the lowest serum gamma globulin levels.

5. Lymph nodes of mice bearing small spontaneous mammary carcinomas had a P32 uptake similar to that of nodes from normal mice. Nodes from mice with large tumors had an increased uptake of P32 activity. Administration of an antigen (horse serum) to these animals stimulated the uptake of P32 in the nodes and increased the serum gamma globulin levels of both normal mice and those bearing the small tumors. However, neither lymph node P32 uptake nor the serum gamma globulin levels were affected in mice bearing the large spontaneous mammary carcinomas.


The author traces the increase in life expectancy in Europe during the course of the last three centuries as well as the rapid rise in life expectancy in Japan since World War II and considers the possibility of similar developments in India. Attention is given to future age distributions in India given improved survival curves and to associated policy concerns. (ANNOTATION)


Background: Cervical carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer and leading cause of cancer related deaths in women worldwide. Brachytherapy is an important part in the treatment of cervical cancer. Delivering HDR Intracavitary Brachytherapy in the Covid-19 era is challenging. Objective: To compare the dosimetry and treatment outcomes between two fractionation schedules of 9Gy in 2 fractions v/s 7Gy in 3 fractions of high dose rate Brachytherapy in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Methods: A randomized observational study was carried out on 80 histopathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma patients of cervix. All patients were treated with EBRT 50Gy in 25 fractions over a period of 5 weeks (2Gy/#) with concurrent weekly cisplatin 30mg/m2. After assessing fitness for brachytherapy, patients in the study arm received HDR intracavitary brachytherapy in 9Gy for 2 fractions v/s 7Gy for 3 fractions in the control arm. Results: The median time of follow-up was 14 months for the study (range 7 – 20 months). Local control rate was 89.75% for study arm and 92.30% for control arm. One year disease free survival in the study arm was 76.92% as compared to 74.35% in the control arm. Median disease-free survival was better in the study arm (14 months v/s 12 months) with a trend of significant benefit. Rectal and bladder toxicities were comparable in both the arms. Median dose to ICRU bladder and rectal point, and EQD2 dose in both arms were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Both the regimes were found to be safe. Disease response and toxicities were also similar in both the arms. There was a better patient compliance with 9Gy for 2 fractions schedule in view of lesser number of fractions resulting in less hospital visit in the Covid-19 pandemic.


Cloud computing is a new commercial model with distributed computing, utility computing, and grid computing. In many situations, both the cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service users maximize their earnings. Consequently, how to resolve the resource allocation and determine the transaction pricing between CSPs and users is a big challenge. In this paper, we propose a double auction-based cloud resource allocation and pricing model, which improves the auction efficiency. In this model, the profit of the middle auctioneer is taken into consideration, and a reliability mechanism is added to the model. The price for the CSPs is designed based on the resource price and the reliability index. Finally, a resource allocation algorithm is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of auction rounds, and improves the auction efficiency very well.


Most flavonoids are known to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and analgesic properties. In this study, the new flavonoids, 7-methoxy-3,3',4',6-tetrahydroxyflavone (1) and 2',7dihydroxy-4'5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2) isolated from Streptomyces sp. BT01 inhibited the pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines by blocking nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) signalling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These flavonoids suppressed mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The molecular mechanism was associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation. These results suggest that these flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing expression of Original Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(29): 4201-4222, 2014 4202 iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines by blocking the NF-κB signalling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.


In order to put the term "multi-programming" in its proper light, it should be noted that the "program" being executed by a computer system, insofar as the system itself is concerned, consists entirely of the instruction or instructions being executed at any given moment. Considered thus, it is obvious that the system could not care less whether the "current" instruction is somehow associated with the preceding or succeeding instructions. In this sense, multi-prograinIning was being done on the 701 when the program "selected" a tape unit considerably in advance of when the tape was actually to be used, so as to "time-share" the start time of the tape with other operations. However, when the term "multi-programming" is used today, the implication is that the system referred to has features which simplify the task of the programmer in at tempting to maximize the amount of time-sharing possible at any given time. In general, it is not possible to uniquely determine the exact computational sequence of a particular program, since this is usually dependent to some extent on the data being operated on. Thus intraprogram time-sharing must be planned by the programmer and can become extremely difficult. An exception exists where multiple runs are to be made on the same program. However, each run may then be treated as a separate program.


Peri-urban which is emerged with the rapid urbanization is a new transitional type of area between urban and rural area,along with the important characteristics of intense competition and conflicts of land use and quickly changes of land use.Taking Jimei peri-urban in Xiamen of southeast China as an example,land use pattern from 1987 to 2007 was examined,it was found that land use intensity has been increased,of which big amplitude occurs in urban construction land and rural construction land and unused land.Urban construction land grew fastest,mainly through the expansion of its occupation of agriculture land and unused land,while unused land increased primarily from the conversion of agriculture land.Agriculture land is most vulnerable to encroachment of land use types in the process of urbanization.Non-agricultural population,total GDP,secondary industry output value,investment in fixed assets,net income of farmers,actual utilization of foreign capital,real estate investment show a significant positive correlation with change of construction land,and they are its major driving forces.Non-agricultural population,total GDP,primary industry and secondary industry output value,net income of farmers and actual utilization of foreign investment show a significant negative correlation with changes in agricultural land.Major driving factors of land use change in Jimei peri-urban area include urban population growth,land use policy,economic restructuring,public infrastructure development and national policy.


Eddies are ubiquitous mesoscale dynamics in oceans worldwide that prominently influence the upper ocean. Specifically, the presence of preexisting eddies can modulate oceanic responses to passing typhoons, for which the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. In 2013, Typhoon Soulik traveled over 2,000 km in the western North Pacific, encountering multiple eddies, offering a suitable opportunity for investigating the impact of eddies on typhoon-induced upper ocean responses. A coupled ocean-atmosphere model was developed for this event, and the simulations were validated with multiple observations. The surface cold wake after Typhoon Soulik was successfully reproduced by the coupled model, showing a multicore structure, which was due to the preexisting mesoscale cyclonic eddies along the typhoon path. An experimental case excluding eddies was also tested in the numerical model. The comparison between the control and experimental cases revealed that sea surface cooling was enhanced by eddies via the vertical mixing and horizontal advection of eddy-related currents. In particular, vertical mixing enhanced sea surface cooling beneath the typhoon center due to the stronger vertical stratification within the preexisting cyclonic oceanic eddies. The eddy-related current with a horizontal temperature gradient contributed to advection, enhancing sea surface cooling at the cooling center and leading to a rightward-shifted pattern of enhanced sea surface cooling. This study enriches the understanding of the complex upper ocean dynamics under the combined effects of typhoons and eddies.


This work deals with human-friendly trajectory generation of a robot arm. Various methods for the trajectory generation have been proposed so far, but robots must deal with environments including human operators. In this situation, the robot should take a suitable action/motion to the individual operator. This work applies an interactive genetic algorithm for the trajectory generation using human evaluation. Basically human evaluation is very important for generating robotic behavior, but the detail of the human evaluation is not clear. Therefore, the robot must estimate human evaluation through the optimization process, and use a state-value function used often in reinforcement learning. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method through some experiments of the robot arm will be discussed.


This article explores the coordination, evolution, and expansion of the Communication in Instruction Master of Arts Program that is taught throughout the state of West Virginia. The article describes the program—its development goals, course offerings and structure, and evaluation techniques used to assess its effectiveness.


Let ϕ be an analytic self‐map of the open unit disk D$\mathbb {D}$ , and let u be an analytic function on D$\mathbb {D}$ . The weighted composition operator induced by ϕ with weight u is given by (uCϕf)(z)=u(z)f(ϕ(z))$(uC_{\phi }f)(z)=u(z)f(\phi (z))$ for z in D$\mathbb {D}$ and f analytic on D$\mathbb {D}$ . In this paper, we study weighted composition operators acting between two exponentially weighted Bergman spaces Aωp$A^p_{\omega }$ and Aωq$A^q_{\omega }$ . We characterize the bounded, compact and Schatten class membership operators uCϕ$ uC_{\phi }$ acting from Aωp$A^p_{\omega }$ to Aωq$A^q_{\omega }$ when 0


The youwen theory refers to the way of annotation in which people guess at the meaning of a Chinese character from its pronunciation radical. This method enables people to believe that the pronunciation radical also functions as a meaning and etymological indicator besides suggesting its pronunciation. This new way of researching into the shape, pronunciation and meaning of Chinese characters, however, has been largely neglected and it is to this topic this paper approaches from new viewpoints.


Five of the local education authorities in Scotland make provision for education to be delivered through the medium of Gaelic. In each of these authorities the units are established within the management structure of the hosting primary schools. Thirty-nine of these units are currently operational and were all involved in three research projects running through 1992-93: • The Gaelic Language Development Project commissioned from the National Foundation for Educational Research by the Inter-Authority Standing Group for Gaelic.


Analyzing, understanding and predicting failure is of paramount importance to achieve effective fault management. While various fault prediction methods have been studied in the past, many of them are not practical for use in real systems. In particular, they fail to address two crucial issues: one is to provide location information (i.e., the components where the failure is expected to occur on) and the other is to provide sufficient lead time (i.e., the time interval preceding the time of failure occurrence). In this paper, we first refine the widely-used metrics for evaluating prediction accuracy by including location as well as lead time. We, then, present a practical failure prediction mechanism for IBM Blue Gene systems. A Genetic Algorithm based method is exploited, which takes into consideration the location and the lead time for failure prediction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this mechanism by means of real failure logs and job logs collected from the IBM Blue Gene/P system at Argonne National Laboratory. Our experiments show that the presented method can significantly improve fault management (e.g., to reduce service unit loss by up to 52.4%) by incorporating location and lead time information in the prediction.


In order to detect the RFID tags kept inside an enclosure, the reader antenna can couple energy into another antenna kept in the near-field region. To detect the tags placed in the far-field, the reader antenna should have a good gain. Usually, these two requirements compete with each other due to the effect of coupling on the frequency of operation of the antenna system. In this paper, modification to a loop antenna is proposed such that it can operate in both near and far-field. Loop antenna with high impedance surface reflector results in a low-profile antenna pair where both the antennas can interchangeably operate in near-field and far-field, with their operating frequency band independent of the spacing between the antennas. The performance of the proposed antennas is compared with that of several other antennas by measuring the read range of RFID tags. It is found that the proposed antennas perform better in comparison with the other antennas when detecting the tags placed inside an enclosure. When operating as a far-field antenna, their performance is very close to that of a conventional RFID reader antenna which is optimized only for far-field operation.


In crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) of real food products (beer, wine, milk), fouling mechanisms and the local phenomenology associated with fouling are largely unknown and still unidentified. In this paper, an investigation has been carried out to determine the kinds of fouling and to look for a way to improve filtration performance. Different hydraulic resistances in series were measured to determine the significance of internal and external fouling in relation to operational parameters (crossflow velocity). The influence of pressure and velocity on the steady-state flux was investigated with a 1.40 μ m tubular ceramic membrane and the steady-state flux was described using an empirical equation. A working velocity range defined by a critical and an optimum velocity was determined, in which the filtration should be performed. This work gives new experimental results in rough beer CFMF and proposes an empirical equation which could be useful in the sizing of an industrial CFMF unit.


The radiosynthesis of glucosamine and similar analogues would be of great interest due to their role in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. This biochemistry can be exploited for visualisation of cancer cells via molecular imaging. This report details the synthesis of a number of 18F-labelled glucosamine derivatives and evaluation of their tumour uptake and normal tissue distribution in vivo in a mouse model of cancer by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.


Opposing transcriptomic gradients explain the large-scale organization of cortex. Here, we show that opposing transcriptomic gradients also explain the fine-scale organization of orthogonal maps in human visual areas. We propose a model relating transcriptomics, cell density, and function, which predicts that specific cortical locations within these visual maps are microanatomically distinct and differentially susceptible to genetic mutations. We conclude with histological and translational data that support both predictions.


Aspects of the biology of Callinectes amnicola, from the Qua Iboe River estuary, south-eastern Nigeria, was investigated for twelve months from June 2008 to May 2009, with respect to its size composition and population characteristics. A total of 1,193 specimens were obtained comprising 508 males and 685 females with overall (1:1.35, χ = 26.26, 1 df, p < 0.05) and rainy season (1:1.2; χ = 2.17, I df, p <0.001) sex ratios in favour of females, while the dry season ratio of 1:0.84 was male-biased (χ = 11.44, 1 df, p <0.05). Carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW) and total weight (TW) of crabs were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by sex, moult stage, colour morphotypes, and development stage. The crabs sampled were 26.6 to 87.0 mm CL (Mean ± S.E: 62.48 ± 0.23), 53.7 to 187.0 mm CW (124.5 ± 0.51) and 9 to 323 g (126.39 ± 1.43) and exhibited a high composition (80 90%) of adults. Males ranged from 14 to 323g and 78 to 175 mm CW, and females 9 to 293g and 54 – 187 mm CW, indicating sexual dimorphism in which males attain larger sizes than females (p < 0.05). The crabs were further classified as juvenile or adult based on abdominal morphometry. The reproductive indices (gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in adult than in juvenile crabs. Crabs of the green morphotype were larger in proportion (59.31 %) and were significantly longer and heavier than other colour morphotypes (p < 0.05). Crab total weight and carapace length/width were higher (p < 0.05) in the dry months (November to March) than in the wet (April to October). The study reveals high internal variabilities in the size composition and population characteristics of C. amnicola inhabiting the lower reaches of the Qua Iboe River estuary, Nigeria.


It is shown that flow-void feedback is a very important constituent in the steam void response in a natural circulation boiling loop or reactor. Very strong experimental evidence supports the postulate that an important class of hydrodynamic instabilities results from the same linear flow-void interaction that dominates the power-void transfer function. Therefore, boiling water reactor instabilities of both the power-void feedback and the purely hydrodynamic types are closely related. By virtue of this close relation the transfer function is an excellent experimental tool for the further study of hydrodynamic oscillations which arise from linear mechanisms. Two modes of parallel channel natural circulation instability are possible for low and high frequency flow oscillations. The first mode is identical to single channel fiow oscillations, since all channel flows are in-phase. The second mode is identical to forced flow instabilities in parallel channel systems. Both modes of instability are predictable from properties which can be determined by laboratory measurements on a single channel. (N.W.R.)


Objective To understand and analyze the centrality and structure of the medical market in Shenzhen so as to provide theoretical basis for further development. Methods The scales and market shares of the 97 hospitals in Shenzhen were analyzed, the HHI indexes for the medical market were estimated, the Lorenz curve was drawn, and the Gini coefficients were calculated. Results The HHI values of the medical market in Shenzhen were all smaller than 1000. With the scales of the hospitals indicated by the numbers of employees and beds, the Gini coefficients for the volume of outpatient and emergency services, the number of discharged patients and the volume of operations were all smaller than 0. 40. Conclusion The medical market in Shenzhen, which has a low centrality, is a monopoly competition market, with hospitals of different scales having relatively reasonable market shares. It is essential for Shezhen to make full use of the advantage of its well-developed medical market, brings its role into full play, and improve overall market efficiency through market competition.


If one of the main purposes of study abroad is to promote a greater understanding between members of the host and home nation via face-to-face relations and in-country living experiences, there is no place in the world where United States students studying abroad takes on more significance than it does in Cuba. Given a situation in which home and host nation, at least at a governmental level, view each other as the enemy and restrict and regulate travel between them, this is particularly important. In the case of the US and Cuba, "being there" takes on a heightened power and may contribute significantly to bringing forth a "culture of peace." Each of this article's authors led short-term study abroad programs to Cuba during 2004. The institution that had hosted our sending institutions' programs on site, La Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO)/ Cuba, is our common link. FLACSO/Cuba's director, Dr. Beatriz Díaz González, fervently believes that educational exchanges between the US and Cuba have played a significant role in promoting greater understanding between the peoples of the two countries. She is convinced that US-Cuban exchanges have actively promoted a "culture of peace" in the otherwise tense and conflict-ridden relationship between Cuba and the US, and had elaborated on this point in a presentation to the Latin American Studies Association (2003).


"Since the fall of 2016, Cameroon has been the scene of a fratricidal and separatist conflict in its English-speaking part known as North-west and South-west (NWSW). This war has to date caused more than 3,000 loss of human lives, 700,000 Cameroonian refugees, and the closure of nearly 80% of schools. This conflict, orchestrated by a group of secessionist fighters known as ""Amba-boys"", which constitutes the ""Ambazonian movement"", has made the English-speaking regions the most militarized part of Cameroon. At the same time, a protest movement against the capture of power by the Biya regime has been formed since 2018 within the Cameroonian diaspora: the Anti-Sardinards Brigade (B.A.S). The objective of this work is therefore to understand the logic of action and the protest strategies of these two movements. To achieve this, we used a qualitative research method. It appears that these movements are fighting against a common adversary, namely: the regime in power for 40 years. However, their divergence lies at the ideological level and in their conflicting strategies. The Ambazonian movement advocates, through direct violence, secession in order to promote Anglophone sovereignty. While the B.A.S fights for the socio-political change of the country, through indirect violence. Keywords: conflict strategy, protest, movement, Anti Sardinards Brigade, ambazonien movement, conflict, secessionist, sociopolitical change "


The BASIC countries consist of China,India,Brazil,South Africa and the other major states that made up the negotiation team representing developing countries at the Climate talks.Because the BASIC member states are extremely influential among both developing states and globally,BASIC received much attention at the international climate change talks.In constructing the 2012 negotiations on an international climate framework,the BASIC stance demonstrated a high level of coordination.Even though there are still some differences between BASIC states,on the whole,the emergence of and coordination between the BASIC countries has been conducive to the continuation of the international climate talks within the Framework Convention.This has also been helpful for coming to agreements on climate arrangements following Kyoto.It should be kept in mind though that it may also result in the division and re-organization of the international negotiating teams,especially the G77 plus China.BASIC is a recent creation,and the role that it will play in constructing a post-Kyoto climate change framework depends largely on how the four BASIC countries manage relations with the United Nations and other international institutions,on how they can press developed nations to develop resolve and capacity to cut emissions,and on how it can maintain unity between the G77 and China.


In this poster, we review experience gained and lessons learned in offering two postgraduate programmes (Master of Computing and Doctor of Computing) aimed at educating computing professionals. Aspects addressed include structure of the programmes, the use of group assessment items, development of students' analysis and communication skills, and assessment of doctoral coursework.


To introduce the current situation of bio-fuel development at home and abroad. To analyze the impact of bio-fuel development on related industries. To present that China should develop biological material base. for producing bio-diesel.


We report on the synthesize high quality and large area graphene and modifying their electrical properties by non-covalent doping methods. Large area graphene film was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method on pre-treatment Cu foil and demonstrated to be greatly efficient to the quality of graphene. The films are mostly monolayer with the transmittance of about 98%. Graphene film was transferred onto Si/SiO 2 substrate followed by various Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) solution dropping. After doping, the number of charge carrier changes due to the nature of SAMs. Electrical measurement shows that the doping method can effectively manipulate the electrical properties of graphene and also doped graphene sheets can use in optoelectronics, solar cells, and thermoelectric solar cells etc.


Maternal obesity is associated to increased fetal risk of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSC) have not been characterized in obese women. The aim of this study was to isolate and compare hA-MSC immunophenotypes from obese (Ob-) and normal weight control (Co-) women to identify alterations possibly predisposing the foetus to obesity. We enrolled 16 Ob- and 7 Co-women at delivery (mean/SEM pre-pregnancy BMI: 40.3/1.8 kg/m2 and 22.4/1.0 kg/m2, respectively). hA-MSCs were phenotyped by flow cytometry; several maternal and newborn clinical and biochemical parameters were also measured.
The expression of membrane antigen CD13 was higher on Ob-hA-MSCs than on Co-hA-MSCs (P=0.0043). Also serum levels of CD13 at delivery were higher in Ob- versus Co-pregnant women and correlated with CD13 antigen expression on Ob-hA-MSCs (r2=0.84, P<0.0001). Adipogenesis induction experiments revealed that Ob-hA-MSCs had a higher adipogenic potential than Co-hA-MSCs as witnessed by higher PPARg and aP2 mRNA levels (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively) at post-induction day 14 associated with an increase of CD13 mRNA from baseline to day 4 post-induction (P<0.05). Adipogenesis was similar in the two sets of hA-MSCs after CD13 silencing, whereas it was increased in Co-hA-MSCs after CD13 overexpression. Pretreatment of Co- and Ob-hA-MSCs with IFN-g ng/mL) for 24 h induced upregulation of CD13 expression.
In conclusion, antigen CD13, by influencing the adipogenic potential of hA-MSCs could be an in-utero risk factor for obesity. Our data strengthen the hypothesis that high levels of serum and MSC CD13 are obesity markers.


This editorial heralds the third virtual issue from Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. Previous virtual issues have focused on 'Developing World Ophthalmology' and 'In vivo Confocal Microscopy', whereas this virtual edition features wide-ranging articles focused on diverse aspects of cataract and cataract surgery. Cataract surgery remains an essential, continually evolving and challenging component of most ophthalmic surgeon's lives. This is hardly surprising given that cataract surgery is believed to be the most frequently conducted of all operative procedures worldwide – with approximately 10 million procedures completed annually. This demand for cataract surgery will continue to grow in future decades with the global escalation of the aged population. We believe that the articles in this virtual edition address many of the contemporary issues facing cataract surgery. Currently, cataract surgery generally produces excellent visual outcomes; however, improved surgical outcomes and advances in intraocular lens (IOL) technology also increase patient expectations. Thus, we have the dichotomy of the enormous unmet need of the cataract 'blind' in the developing world, whereas in many Westernized societies, the challenges facing cataract surgeons are gravitating towards issues of spectacle independence and fine tuning of higher order aberrations to maximize quality of vision. In this issue, Statham et al. compare spherical and toric IOLs in the correction of low degrees of corneal astigmatism, showing a significant improvement in postoperative vision using toric IOLs for this subset of patients. In the treatment of higher magnitude astigmatism, Stewart and McAlister usefully compare postoperative results of toric IOLs in subjects with corneal transplants compared with non-transplant patients with naturally occurring astigmatism. Of course, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) can also contribute to suboptimal outcomes and to understand the role of micro-incision cataract surgery on corneal astigmatism, Wang et al. compare the effect of different incision sizes on SIA and report that a 'floor effect' exists for reducing incision size in relation to SIA. The potential complexity of contemporary IOL selection not only involves consideration of toric IOLs but also the increasing array of wavefront modified IOLs. In this virtual issue, Shentu et al. compare aspheric, aberration free and spherical IOLs implanted in 196 patients; showing reduced spherical aberration, increased contrast sensitivity, but no differences in pseudo-accommodation in eyes with aspheric IOLs compared with those with spherical IOLs. Similar conclusions are also reported by Luo et al. This virtual issue also addresses several articles on the continuing issues that face all cataract surgeons despite extensive research in the past decade. One such issue is the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO), particularly in younger subjects. In this context, Brar et al. highlight their observations on the incidence and severity of PCO in children implanted with square edged IOLs; and Walker reviews pharmacological attempts to reduce PCO following cataract surgery. Accurate ocular biometry is fundamental to the success of cataract surgery and Charalampidou et al. report on the value of dual biometry to detect sources of error in IOL power calculation. Endophthalmitis still remains an uncommon, but potentially devastating, complication following cataract surgery. A national survey of prophylactic antibiotic use during cataract surgery among consultant ophthalmologists in smaller eye units in England highlights a surprisingly wide variation in practice, and attitude towards antibiotic hypersensitivity. Nearer to home, Fan et al. review the clinical features and outcomes of 109 patients with presumed microbial endophthalmitis in New Zealand. Ethnicity and poor visual acuity at presentation were associated with poorer outcomes in this study. Of course there will always be fundamental issues facing those charged with the treatment of cataract and some of these are also covered in this virtual edition, including prevalence and associations of cataract in indigenous populations in Central Australia, a report on the National Indigenous Eye Health Survey in Australia, assessment of the validity of the Catquest questionnaire as a tool for assessing visual disability in the Australian cataract population, and quantification of the surgical risk in complex cataracts. Publication statistics reveal how quickly the field of cataract surgery is advancing and consideration of the published record highlights just how rapid this evolution has become. Indeed, although a simple PubMed search for 'cataract' produces almost 45 000 publications from 1966 onwards, more than 30% of those publications have occurred in the last 10 years. In smaller fields notably some 88% of articles on 'triamcinolone and cataract' and 100% of papers on 'higher order aberrations and cataract' were also published within the last decade. Citation analysis offers an insightful perspective on the progression of this rapidly developing field of surgery and the final paper in this virtual edition shows how the landscape has changed by Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2010; 38: 745–746 doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02387.x


Anthocyanin of color potato was important as its nutritional value,but very little research had been conducted on the influence of cultivation techniques on anthocyanin content of potatoes.In this paper,orthogonal experimental design L9(34)was used to investigate the effect of fertilizers and planting densities on anthocyanin content of color potatoes In different cultivation conditions.The results showed that to obtain the highest anthocyanin content in Ziyun No.1,optimal cultivation techniques were as follow: at the condition of intercropping with orchard in the shallow valley,optimal average per hectare consumption of fertilizer nutrients was pure P2O5 100 kg,the most cost-effective plant density was 50 000 plants/ hm2,with 2 ‰ spray concentration of KH2PO4;at the condition of individual cropping in the shallow valley,optimal average per hectare consumption of fertilizer nutrients was pure P2O5 75 kg,the most cost-effective plant density was 60 000 plants / hm2,with a 3 ‰ spray concentration of KH2PO4;at the condition of individual cropping in deep valley between low mountains areas,optimal average per hectare consumption of fertilizer nutrients was pure P2O5 100 kg,the most cost-effective plant density was 60 000 plant / hm2,with 3 ‰ spray concentration of KH2PO4.


Interposition arthroplasty for elbow ankylosis is still a practiced surgical procedure in many nations as elbow replacement surgery is yet to be fully established worldwide. For many decades up until today various interposition materials have been used and the jury is still out on the search for the ideal one. We therefore report the surgical technique of the use of the reverse lateral arm fascial flap, which is based on the interosseous recurrent artery, as interposition material following joint release of ankylosed elbow. We recommend that interposition elbow arthroplasty should be done using the reverse lateral arm fascial flap which is easily accessible through the same surgical incision, vascularized and more durable and functional; offers shorter operation time and less donor site morbidity. The use of this material for interposition arthroplasty of the elbow had not been previously reported.


High speed and tap proof communication systems is the growing need for Free Space Optical (FSO). FSO is a communication process that uses light containing information to travel in free space to exchange data between two or more points. High security, faster installation, license free spectrum are its main advantages. FSO technology is useful in cases where fiber optic cables are difficult due to high costs. Use of multiple Tx/Rx (1x1, 2x2, 4x4, and 8x8) in the FSO system increases the performance of FSO system under different power conditions. The performance of single to multiple Tx/Rx FSO system under clear condition with different power levels has been analyzed in this paper using eye diagrams. In this analysis the 8x8 FSO channel shows good results in comparison to other Tx/Rx FSO systems. Commercial available software OptiSystem from Optiwave Inc. has been used for Free Space Optical link modeling and simulation in this paper. The improved quality factor as well as minimum bit error rate is observed with the spatial diversity technique.


The protection of fire scene is very important,which is the premise of accurately identified cause of the fire.But for various reasons,this work was often ignored,resulting in fire scene were often destroyed in the fire extinction and scene investigation.Because of important fire trace was not founded or collected,the fire location cannot be ascertained,and we can not accurately identify the fire location,point and fire responsibility.In this paper,we tried to analyze issues of fire scene protection,and put forwards the corresponding strategies.Because of the fire scene being protected,the fire investigation may have as much as possible clues and evidence.


YONATAN BANOET. The Cloning of Two Candidate Genes that Involved in Magnetosomes Biosynthesizes of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 to Escherichia coli. Supervised by ARIS TRI WAHYUDI and UTUT WIDYASTUTI. Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 is a magnetotactic bacterium that synthesizes nanoscale magnetites particles enveloped by membrane, called as magnetosomes. Magnetosomes are membranous bacterial organelles that allow magnetoaerotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria. The formation of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria was genetically controlled. There are 36 genes from the genome of M. magneticum AMB-1 that involved in magnetosomes formation, two open reading frames from those genes referred to ORF 14 and ORF 38.0. Here in, bioinformatics analysis was done to analyze ORF 14 and ORF 38.0. These genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned in Escherichia coli DH5α using pGEMT-Easy as a Cloning Vector System. Bioinformatics analysis of ORF 14 showed that this gene codes the protein which has 90% homology with the GGDEF domain in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1. Meanwhile, bioinformatics analysis of ORF 38.0 showed that this gene codes the protein which has 70% homology with 6-hydroxynicotinate reductase in Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1. Verification for the cloned genes was done by colony PCR and digestion of recombinant plasmid with EcoRI, NdeI, and BamHI. These steps showed that ORF 14 and ORF 38.0 have already been cloned to E. coli DH5α. KLONING DUA KANDIDAT GEN YANG TERLIBAT DALAM BIOSINTESIS MAGNETOSOM PADA Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 DI Escherichia coli


Large scale biogas engineering has obtained a rapid development in recent years in China as it is a cause benefiting the country and the people.However it also produces a large amount of biogas slurry,which will restrict its development and cause the second pollution if the slurry can't be treated reasonably.Biogas slurry contains a large quantity of organic matters and a large number of microorganisms with the functions as biopesticide and biofertilizer.The disposal and utilization of biogas slurry play a key role in the sustainable agriculture,so researchers in China have carried out a lot of study on the techniques to deal with it.In the last few years,the research on microbial community and functional microbe in biogas slurry provides a new thought to study the utilization of biogas slurry.


The article deals with the problems of teaching physical culture in junior secondary school. The study reflects the author's vision of teaching physical culture, and formulates the proposals for solving the problems of pedagogical practice. Variety of views on the quality of the GEF reflects the presence of a wide range of issues related to the teaching physical culture at school. These include lack of physical fitness and the weak health of children; weak discipline; discord and lack of friendship; the presence of children with different physical and mental abilities in the same class; failure to meet the requirements of practical work in the school of individual techniques developed by the GEF. The presence of children with different physical and mental abilities in one class requires an individual approach to learning. However, the current system of management and payment for teachers' labor does not allow to organize tutorials for weak students and to have special classes for high achievers. The authors of the study have organized the monitoring of the health of students in one of the schools of Yoshkar-Ola. It confirmed the existence of a wide range of health problems among children of different ages. The study recorded a growth in the number of children with diseases of the support-motor apparatus (scoliosis, low back pain, flat feet), diseases of upper respiratory tract, eyes, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Thus, the number of children with multiple diagnoses increases. The study proposes measures to improve implementation of the Federal State Educational Standards, including: development of pre-school physical education; improving the efficiency of team building and improvement of psychological climate in the class; creating conditions for the specialized work with low-achievers.


The five space density distribution D(z) wish distance perpendicular to the Galactic plane were combined. The scale heights and the local densities at z


Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)/polymer hybrid materials using living polymerization has received intensive attentions,because living polymerization has the advantage in controlling the structures of polymers and POSS has cage-like and nanometer structure.POSS/Polymer hybrid materials via living polymerization are reviewed.Finally,the existing problem of the study on this field is discussed,the future trend of this field is also outlooked.


Murray correctly points out that there is an error in adjacency eq. 4 in Nelson and Finn (1991), and the revised equation he presents is correct. This error in the mathematical formulation was not implemented in our analysis and the results of the study are correct. The procedure for dealing with adjacency in our random search algorithm is described in step 3 on p. 597 and is consistent with Murray's definition. I am uncertain of the error in road construction constraints to which he refers; however, step 5 in the description of the random search algorithm (p. 597) outlines the procedure we implemented. During our analysis, all solutions were mapped and checked for feasibility; hence, I am confident that our results are correct.


Defines a leader in total quality management as a person who inspires, by appropriate means, sufficient competence to influence a group of individuals to become willing followers in the achievement of organizational goals. Reports research identifying the keys of successful leadership in quality management: (1) attention through vision, (2) meaning through communication, (3) trust through positioning, and (4) confidence through respect. Describes characteristics of leaders in quality management: they have an agenda and an unparalleled concern with outcomes; a mastery of communication; they are predictable and make their positions known; they necessarily have a positive self‐regard, and a commitment to bring out the best in others.


A dream and a vision saw the light of dawn in 2007 in the form of the first published issue of Journal of Dow University of Health Sciences (JDUHS). The journey began with an aim to provide a platform to scientific community where they could share their findings in the form excellent publications. A decade later, it seems appropriate to reflect on how the journal has developed and progressed. Moreover, the editorial on this occasion provides an excellent opportunity to publically acknowledge and appreciate the participation of members of scientific community who significantly contributed in the regular publication of this journal. It all began when the Vice Chancellor of Dow University of Health Sciences envisioned to starts a journal which provide an open platform for every medical and scientific scholar to disseminate their findings relevant to our major medical and health related problems. It was a tedious task for me as a Managing Editor at first, but with the mentorship of an experienced and devoted senior Parton-in-Chief and an efficient Editorial Board, it became a highly learning activity


Simple Summary Unlike other cancers, lung cancer risk is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) with limited mechanistic understanding. Overweight and obese patients have been consistently found to respond better to therapy and show better survival. The adipose tissue—in addition to storing energy—secretes multiple unique cytokines or adipokines. Our in silico analysis reveals that a novel adipokine, omentin, is significantly and consistently downregulated in lung cancers compared to healthy lung tissue. Omentin was also found to be negatively correlated with important oncogenic transcription factors like ELK4, FOXA1 and FOXC1. Our study warrants further mechanistic studies on the role of omentin in lung cancers. Abstract Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the "obesity paradox" in lung cancer.


This essay seeks to reconstruct the terms for a more productive engagement with Kant than is typical within contemporary academic cultural Marxism, which sees him as the cornerstone of a bourgeois model of the aesthetic. The essay argues that, in the Critique of Judgment, the aesthetic stands in as a substitute for the missing realm of human praxis. This argument is developed in relation to Kant's concept of reflective judgment that is in turn related to a methodological shift toward inductive and analogical procedures that help Kant overcome the dualisms of the first two Critiques. This reassessment of Kant's aesthetic is further clarified by comparing it with and offering a critique of Terry Eagleton's assessment of the Kantian aesthetic as synonymous with ideology.