Objective To establish the proper quality control method for Ginkgolide Injection.MethodsThe Ginkgolide Injection was analyzed by using HPLC/ELSD technology.The similarity of fingerprints was calculated by the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Traditional Medicine(Version 2004A).Results Similarity of ten batches of injections was all over 0.95.The fingerprint for Ginkgolide Injection was established and four common peaks were indicated.Conclusion This method is suitable for the quality control of Ginkgolide Injection.


Taking the planning and design of Yongchang River Landscape Belt in the new town of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County as the example,the paper discusses how to refine the national culture and use it in landscape architecture planning and design through landscape system and landscape elements to make the landscape belt organically bear multiple cultural connotation in the landscape belt design based on urban rivers.It also studied how to do sustainable landscape design in landscape design of green space and create the green space landscape full of local characteristics from the site with belongingness and identity.For the post-disaster rebuilding projects,the caring for people after the disaster is emphasized,so as to console the Beichuan people from the trauma by the earthquake through the green landscape.


Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Peter Pedroni (Indiana University, US) who kindlysupplied us with the RATS codes for the computation of the critical values and thus made possiblethe panel cointegration tests and to Jesper Overgard for collecting the dataset. The paper waspresented at the IAES Meeting, Montreal, October 1999. We thank participants, discussants and inaddition colleagues from Department of Economics at The Aarhus School of Business for usefulcomments on an earlier versions of this paper.


...................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements.....................................................................................v List of Tables............................................................................................xv List of Figures..........................................................................................xvi List of Publications....................................................................................xix Chapter 1: Review of Literature (Burkholderia pseudomallei and Melioidosis)..........1 1.1 Pathogen of Focus – B. pseudomallei..................................................1 1.1(1) B. pseudomallei Genomics...................................................2 1.1(2) Select Agent Listing............................................................3 1.1(3) Epidemiology of Melioidosis and Risk Factors............................6 1.1(4) Transmission of B. pseudomallei.............................................8 1.2 Clinical Manifestations of Melioidosis...................................................9 1.2(1) Acute and Chronic Stages of Melioidosis................................10 1.3 Melioidosis in Animals......................................................................11 1.3(1) Murine Melioidosis Model....................................................12 viii 1.4 B. pseudomallei Pathogenesis...........................................................14 1.4(1) Role of Host Immune Response: Innate Immunity..................16 1.4(2) Role of Immune Response: Proinflammatory Cytokines...........18 1.4(3) Role of Host Immune Response: Adaptive Immunity................20 1.5 B. pseudomallei Virulence Factors.....................................................21 1.5(1) Iron Acquisition in B. pseudomallei......................................24 1.5(2) Efflux Systems and Antibiotic Resistance...............................25 1.6 Diagnosis of Melioidosis.................................................................27 1.7 Melioidosis Therapies and Prevention...............................................28 1.7(1) Immunotherapies for Treatment of Melioidosis.......................30 1.7(2) CLDC Immunotherapy for Burkholderia Infection...................32 1.7(3) Prospects of a Melioidosis Vaccine......................................32 1.7(4) Mechanism of Vaccine-Induced Protection............................37 1.8 References..................................................................................38 Chapter 2: Rationale for Research and Specific Aims....................................50 2.1 Research Overview.......................................................................50 2.1(1) Specific Aim 1 (Chapter 3 of Dissertation).............................51 2.1(2) Specific Aim 2 (Chapter 4 of Dissertation)..............................52 2.1(3) Specific Aim 3 (Chapter 5 of Dissertation).............................53 2.1(4) Specific Aim 4 (Chapter 6 of Dissertation).............................54 2.2 References...................................................................................56 ix Chapter 3: A Burkholderia pseudomallei purM Mutant is Avirulent in Immunocompetent and Immunodeficient Animals: Candidate Strain for Exclusion from Select Agent Lists.................................................................................................58 3.1 Abstract.........................................................................................58 3.2 Introduction..................................................................................59 3.2 Materials and Methods...................................................................62 3.3(1) Bacterial strains, media, and growth conditions........................62 3.3(2) Attenuated mutant strain construction...................................63 3.3(3) Animals..........................................................................64 3.3(4) Animal infections..............................................................64 3.3(5) Enumeration of viable B. pseudomallei in organs.....................65 3.3(6) Statistical analysis............................................................65 3.4 Results.........................................................................................66 3.4(1) Construction and properties of B. pseudomallei purM mutants Bp82 and Bp190...........................................................66 3.4(2) Deletion of purM renders B. pseudomallei non-virulent in BALB/c mice........................................................................69 3.4(3) Genetic deletion of purM enables bacterial clearance of B. pseudomallei following intranasal challenge in immune competent mice.......................................................................72 3.4(4) B. pseudomallei purM strains Bp82 and Bp190 are avirulent in hypersusceptible mice...............................................75 3.4(5) B. pseudomallei purM strain Bp82 is avirulent in immune deficient mice..............................................................77


The present disclosure includes a circuit and method for latching the signal. In one embodiment, two inverters are back to back configured to latch the signal. Each inverter includes a capacitor configured between the control terminal of the inverter transistors. In one embodiment, circuitry is part of the comparator. First and second voltage are received on the control terminals of the differential transistors, the differential output signal is coupled to two back-to-back inverters. In one embodiment, the circuit is disabled, the voltage on the control terminal of the transistor in the inverter is set to less than a reference, such as a power, to increase the speed of the circuit.


The present investigation is centered on the Physicochemical characteristic features in water samples collected from the Puliyanthangal lake of Ranipet region which is suspected to be influenced by the intrusion of tannery effluents and domestic waste by direct and indirect means. Monthly water samples were collected at station 1 and station 2 from the Puliyanthangal lake of Ranipet area for the period of one year from May 2016 to April 2017. The range of physio-chemical parameters such as appearance (turbid/clear), colour (colourless/green), odour (none), total dissolved solids (265-1553), turbidity (0.9 - 13.17 ), electrical conductivity (76-782 Mhc), PH (6.85-7.93), dissolved oxygen (4.73-22.50 ), calcium (46.33-152), magnesium (12.10- 36.33), sodium (211-296), potassium (0.30-24.26), iron (0.02-0.49), manganese (0.01-0.29), free ammonia (0.04-1.14), nitrite (0.01-1.37) nitrate (6-41), sulphate (19.5-234) and phosphate (0.03-3.88) were recorded and discussed. Unit of the chemical parameters is represented as mg/l and physico-chemical parameters were estimated using the standard method of APHA (2005). The data was analyzed using two way ANOVA. However, escalation of physicochemical variables was noticed only in sampling station 1 and this may be due to the entry points to receive the high amount organic load from the discharge of tannery effluents and domestic wastes by direct or indirect means. It is suggested from this study that these biotopes are to be conserved from the intrusion of pollutants so that the biodiversity of the ecosystem would be sustained.


In this paper we present a modeling and a robust nonlinear control model of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) using in a wind energy conversion system (WECS). To achieve the maximum of the power extracted from the generator we have continuously adjust the mechanical speed of the DFIG to the wind speed, the proposed control is based on the nonlinear Backstepping approach associate to Lyapunov function in order to ensure stability system. To evaluate and improve the performance and robustness of the proposed model the simulation results are tested and presented under MATLAB/SIMULINK in terms of following reference.


Nonlinear target tracking is a well-known problem for which Bayes optimal solutions based on particle filtering techniques have been developed previously. Traditionally, target tracking is solely based on sensor measurements. The tracking performance can be improved by combining sensor measurements with external information from outside the sensor. An important issue when dealing with external information in practice is that generally it is not perfect. In this paper, we discuss different classes of imperfections that can occur and we focus on imprecision, especially in relation to hard inequality constraints. A generic method is presented for dealing with imprecise hard inequality constraints, i.e. hard inequality constraints that are based on imprecise information, following a model-based approach. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate the method for exploiting imprecise hard inequality constraints in a maritime target tracking example.


Abstract : This report includes the results of a series of experiments to compare the efficiency of training methods using (1,0) and (+1,-1) representatives for patterns. It also presents a theoretical explanation which deals with a single TLV rather than with a network of TLV's as used in the experiments. The effects noted, however, can be expected to pertain to the network also. (Author)


Among patients with heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction despite guideline directed medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is an effective technology to reverse LV remodeling. Given that a large portion of patients are non‐responders, alternatives to traditional LV‐lead placement have been explored. A promising alternative is image targeted placement of an LV‐lead to latest mechanically activated segment without scar.


We demonstrate a novel technique to improve radio frequency (RF) performance such as RF gain and noise figure (NF) for comb-based RF photonic filters. While conventional RF photonic links use a dual-output modulator and balanced detection, this RF photonic filter utilizes an interferometric configuration with double sideband suppressed carrier modulation and balanced detection. This technique can simultaneously provide filter tunability, 6-dB RF gain increase, and noise cancellation. The RF gain and NF of the RF photonic filter are improved to approximately 0 and 24 dB, respectively. With the improved RF performance, we perform the tuning of the filter center frequencies from 2 to 8 GHz with no baseband filter response (<;-38 dB), no RF power fading, while maintaining good filter shape (sidelobe suppression and stopband attenuation >32 dB).


We describe a two-layer optical neural network. The system uses photorefraction holograms to implement synaptic interconnections and liquid-crystal light valves (LCLV's) to perform nonlinear thresholding operations. Kanerva's sparse, distributed memory was implemented using this system, and its ability to recognize a handwritten-character alphabet (A-Z) has been demonstrated experimentally in Kanerva's model; the first layer has fixed, random weights of interconnections, and the second layer is trained according to an outer-product scheme. A total of 104 handwritten-character patterns, with four patterns from each class, were used to train the network. When a character pattern is presented at the input of the trained network, one of the 26 output neurons is switched on, indicating which character the input pattern is. For this network to solve more complicated problems, it is desirable to make both layers adaptive. We propose a new local learning rule that trains both layers based only on local information and a global, scalar error signal. This learning rule is much easier to implement than the back-error-propagation algorithm, which requires the backpropagation of error signals through the network, but it still guarantees that the network is trained by energy descent.


The invention relates to a process for the removal of hard brittle material by means of laser radiation, in which is formed by the removal a Abtragsvertiefung in the material, referred to their surfaces as flanks act bending and breaking of the introduced laser beam and thus radiation components of this laser beam interference fringe pattern generating within the Abtragsvertiefung that once these radiation components meet again on the surfaces of the Abtragsvertiefung and penetrate into the material volume, there cause a spatially variable along the surfaces removal and as a result abrade the surface and induce cracks in the material volume. As the laser radiation for the removal wavelength mixture is used of at least two wavelengths, wherein said at least two wavelengths are selected such that interference fringe pattern due to diffraction and refraction along both the surfaces of the Abtragsvertiefung and in the volume of material in comparison to laser radiation with only one set of wavelengths such that a contrast K is reduced in the spatial structure of the intensity distribution, the contrast C is defined by Michelson as K = (Imax - Imin) / (Imax / Imin), where Imax and Imin, the maximum and minimum intensity indicating the spatial structure of the intensity distribution.


The far-infrared spectra (400–50 cm.–1) of halogenobis(pentafluorophenyl)thallium(III) compounds, (RF)2TIX (RF= C6F5; X = F, Cl, or Br), of the complexes (RF)2Ph3POTIX (X = Cl or Br), and of bispentafluorophenyl-mercury have been recorded. Assignments are suggested for the thallium–halogen frequencies, and the structures of the (RF)2TIX compounds are discussed.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a new kind of biomechanical modeling process of femoral neck and its feasibility. Methods Basing on the analysis of modeling process and operation flow, both of a plastic femoral bone and a cadaveric one were selected to generate CT image in DICOM format, and implement a fast interface in VTK, and edge extraction. The correctness and validity of the method were verified using in finite element analysis in feature model. Results Feature data were easy to obtain, and generally, it only takes nearly 3 minutes to finish the threshold image process, fairing processing, and acquisition of feature data in a group of 102 pieces of DICOM files. Meanwhile, on the condition of less than 2 millimeters, the image in DICOM format, whose thickness is less than 2 millimeters, could reconstruct a 3D body, which could satisfy the needs of biomechanical analysis, and the process of reconstruction could be finished in less than half a minute in PC. Conclusion In CT image, based on the gray scale threshold of images, the process of acquisition of feature data in biomechanical analysis of femoral neck and 3D reconstruction could be finished quickly and could develop a interact system for femoral three views including 3D interaction.


Communication in a foreign language, as an inevitable component of modern human life, often makes speakers experience anxiety, which may sometimes lead to avoidance of communication. This paper explores whether the students of Italian language courses in two foreign language schools experience foreign language (Italian) anxiety. The sample used in the study consists of students whose mother tongue is Croatian, and they have been learning Italian as a foreign language for a different period of time and at different levels. The authors wanted to examine whether there are differences in foreign language anxiety with regard to the level and the length of learning the Italian language, and whether the students' levels of shyness correlate with the level of foreign language anxiety. The results showed that among the participants there is a correlation in foreign language anxiety depending on the students' level of shyness: participants with pronounced shyness showed a higher level of foreign language anxiety when compared with the participants with medium and low levels of shyness. Individual characteristics of each student and various experiences gained in the process of learning a foreign language could be the reason for the absence of other differences.


The repose angle of materials in rotary kiln is an important parameter to describe stuff's motion which reflects the quality of stuff sinter indirectly. In this paper, a novel method, using digital image processing and linear fitting, is devoted to measure the repose angle. The whole process includes: images segmentation using FCM, Morphology operation to extract the stuff region, edge scanning and calculation of the repose angle with linear least square regression. The experiment carried out based on image captured from an alumina rotary kiln video. The result demonstrates its effectiveness to recognize the value and the variation trend of repose angle. It provides reliable and direct data to real-time detect stuff motion and can be utilized to judge the stuff quality, which is significant for operating optimization and automatic control of rotary kiln.


EFFORTS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' ENGLISH WRITING ABILITY THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-BASED LEARNING AT THE SECOND GRADE OF SMAN 8 YOGYAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2010/2011
Novitasari
06202241001
ABSTRACT
This research is action research aiming to improve students' writing ability through Information Technology-based learning in Class XI Science 2 of SMAN 8 Yogyakarta. Based on the preliminary observation in Class XI Science 2 of SMAN 8 Yogyakarta, the students had low motivation in writing and got difficulties in writing. There were four problems of students in writing aspects, namely content, organization, language use and mechanics.
This research consisted of two cycles. In doing the research, the researcher involved 32 students of Class XI Science 2, an English teacher and a student of English Department as the colabollator. The data were obtained from the observation during the implementation of the actions, interviews with the students of Class XI Science 2, discussions with the collaborator, and students' writing tasks. The data were in the forms of questionnaire, field notes, interview transcripts, and students' tasks. The validity of the data was obtained by applying democratic validity, outcome validity, process validity and dialogic validity.
The study revealed that the use of Information Technology-based learning in this study successfully improved the students' writing skills. Students' motivation increased and students' writing problems in four aspects of writing namely content, organization, language use, and mechanics of writing can be reduced by applying Information Technology-based learning. The researcher finds that Information Technology-based learning can help the teacher to deliver the materials in the classroom. With reference to the obtained data, the students are more enthusiastic and have good motivation to write. As a result, they perform better writing and tend not to make the same mistakes in their writing. To conclude, this study suggests that the English teacher needs to improve her teaching strategy by maximizing the use of media in school. She must be creative in delivering the material in the class.


Background / Aim: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which we investigated the neuroprotective effect of agmatine (AGM), known as a primary amine produced via the decarboxylation of L-arginine. Methods: Dark Agouti rats were divided into groups: control (C), Complete Freund`s Adjuvant (CFA), EAE rats decapitated at 13 th dpi (EAE13) and at 20 th dpi (EAE20), EAE animals applied with three (EAE+AGM13) and 10 (EAE+AGM20) doses of AGM, and healthy animals administered with three/10 doses of AGM (AGM). Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), SH groups (SH), total glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), superoxide dismutase activities (tSOD, MnSOD, CuZnSOD) and nitrite/nitrate concentration (NO 2 +NO 3 ) were assessed in plasma and brain structures (whole encephalitic mass-WEM and brainstem-BS). Results: Obtained results showed that AGM treatment successfully attenuated severe clinical deficits in EAE. Applications of AGM in EAE rats induced normalized TBARS, SH, GSH, GPx and NO in WEM. In BS, AGM expressed less prominent effects, inducing normalized TBARS, GPx and NO, but no effect on SH and GSH. In both brain structures, tSOD activity lowered and normalized at the peak and in the remission phase of the disease, post-AGM treatment. The effect of AGM on the MnSOD in EAE was expressed in WEM/BS only in the remissive phase as a reduced activity. Conclusion: Milder clinical form of developed EAE in rats indicates promising therapeutic effect of AGM in MS. The activated antioxidant system and suppressed oxidative/ nitrosative stress development may denote a successful blockade of neuroinflammation initiated by EAE immunization. The study implies the capability of AGM to attenuate oxidative/ nitrosative damage in the peak of EAE by modulating antioxidative defense capacity during the time-course of the disease. Thus, AGM may be considered as an agent with a beneficial effect on neuroinflammation in EAE.


A ct in g in C om m on : C rit ic al P ar tic ip at io n in C on tro ve rs ia l U rb an D ev el op m en t P ro je ct s_ M ei ke S ch alk , A po lo ni ja Su ste rs ic, G un na r S an di n Introduction Recent years have brought increased pressure to open spaces in cities around the globe— be they former industrial sites, cemeteries, or landscapes—by urban development of large infrastructural projects and new residential areas that mostly target a well-to-do clientele. Many of these developments have been criticized as spatially and environmentally problematic (Cuff and Sherman 2011) and socially unjust (Lim 2005; Purcell 2008; Lim 2011), and many are attended by political controversies, civic protests, and a resistance to participate in a prescribed and tokenistic manner in institutionally governed planning processes. What has developed instead is critical participation by engaged groups, citizens' initiatives, and social movements that challenge planning processes by employing social media, interventionist practices, and performative methods with which they create a form of "insurgent space" as a starting point for negotiation. The context-specific tactics and strategies employed globally by civil actors share significant similarities. Furthermore, activist and critical art practices often overlap in struggles for affordable housing, public space, sense of citizenship, and political participation. They have served as tools of critical participation and as such have contributed to urban development processes, where they have strongly influenced public debates and in some instances have instigated new laws or have become a direct input to planning procedures. On a community and individual level, they have contributed to the production of new social relations, subjectivities, and the collective imagining of "other worlds" (Petrescu 2007; Gibson-Graham 2008; Mouffe 2013). In this article, we address recent performative modes of artistic intervention (Sustersic 2013) and civic, critical practices, many of which include alliances with professional spatial practitioners such as artists, architects, and planners (Rendell 2006; Hillier 2007; Mouffe 2013), by exploring two cases of controversy over large urban development projects in two cities that differ greatly in culture, politics, and tradition. The two cases are Tempelhofer Feld (Tempelhof Field) in Berlin and Bukit Brown Cemetery in Singapore. We regard these struggles through the perspective of performative acts, including site-specific intervention and material production, and discern historical reworking, curatorial strategies, and tactical media as modes of criticality. Our questions include: What is the agency of critical and creative practices in city planning? Can they inspire novel types of democratic planning? And can they create openings for moreegalitarian cities in the long run? We propose alternatives to the traditional understanding of participation in planning by broadening the circle of main actors from authorities and experts to engaged citizens and by repoliticizing the discourse on possible urban futures. Research was conducted through participatory actions and interviews with actors in situ, as well as through documentation of processes of struggle in text, timelines, images, and video to draw out and examine participants' experiences in the two cases and thus produce new understandings (Conrad 2004). Acting in Common: Critical Participation in Controversial Urban Development Projects


The presence and development of intelligence diagnosis technology for the fault of hydraulic system was analyzed,such as neural network diagnosis technology,expert diagnosis system and wavelets analysis technology.The research direction in the future was put forward.


A scheme is described, which has been in operation since 1976 in the U.K. A practising engineer spends a day visiting a school and talking to groups of 13 to 15-year-olds about his work, in the hope of inspiring interest and attracting young people to engineering as a career.


The rate constants were determined for both processes of the Finkelstein reaction in acetonitrile–alcohol mixtures at 30 °C:CH_3Br+I^-\oversetk_f\undersetk_r\ightleftarrowsCH_3I+Br^-Theoretical equations were derived describing the dependence of the rate constant on the composition changes in the solvent mixtures. These equations describe the change in the rate constant in terms of changes in the activity coefficient. The results were analyzed by means of the equations; they lead to the conclusion that anions have multiple solvation equilibria with alcohols. The relative magnitudes of the step-by-step association constants and of the solvation numbers thus determined agreed with the results determined spectrophotometrically.


Unemployment affected large numbers of people in Great Britain during the 1980s. An economic upturn since the mid-1980s has resulted in declining numbers of unemployed. Disaggregated data show that the geography of unemployment decline has not led to regional convergence in numbers out of work: unemployment has fallen most in those regions which were least affected by it.


World-wide, clinicians apparently prefer to insert the intrauterine device (IUD) during the bleeding phase of the menstrual cycle. To examine the benefits and risks of inserting IUDs at various times during the menstrual cycle, data on over 9000 women having copper T-200 IUD insertions were analyzed. During the first 2 months after IUD insertion: 1) rates of IUD expulsion are lower the later in the menstrual cycle the IUD is inserted; 2) rates of IUD removal for pain and bleeding and rates of accidental pregnancy are higher the later in the minstrual cycle IUD is inserted, particularly after day 17. The present analysis sugests that the above are probably causal associations. It is estimated that 1000 insertins before day 11 will result in 9 more terminations of IUD use for expulsion, pain and bleeding, and accidental pregnancy than if the insertions are done after day 11. Furthermore, the copper T-200 IUD can be inserted with relative safety on the day it is requedsted if the woman's history indicates that she is unlikely to be pregnant. There is no justification for a blanket policy oos inserting IUDs only during the menses.


Normally, most of the accidents that occur in underground facilities are not instantaneous; rather, hazards build up gradually behind the scenes and are invisible due to the inherent structure of these facilities. An efficient inference system is highly desirable to monitor these facilities to avoid such accidents beforehand. A fuzzy inference system is a significant risk assessment method, but there are three critical challenges associated with fuzzy inference-based systems, i.e., rules determination, membership functions (MFs) distribution determination, and rules reduction to deal with the problem of dimensionality. In this paper, a simplified hierarchical fuzzy logic (SHFL) model has been suggested to assess underground risk while addressing the associated challenges. For rule determination, two new rule-designing and determination methods are introduced, namely average rules-based (ARB) and max rules-based (MRB). To determine efficient membership functions (MFs), a module named the heuristic-based membership functions allocation (HBMFA) module has been added to the conventional Mamdani fuzzy logic method. For rule reduction, a hierarchical fuzzy logic model with a distinct configuration has been proposed. In the simplified hierarchical fuzzy logic (SHFL) model, we have also tried to minimize rules as well as the number of levels of the hierarchical structure fuzzy logic model. After risk index assessment, the risk index prediction is carried out using a Kalman filter. The prediction of the risk index is significant because it could help caretakers to take preventive measures in time and prevent underground accidents. The results indicate that the suggested technique is an excellent choice for risk index assessment and prediction.


In Jiuquan prefecture,alfalfa aphids(Aphis craccivora)mainly result in damage in early summer,suitable regeneration temperature is 25~30 ℃,it is especially easy to occur when there is high air moisture.In the survey,damage on alfalfa is classified into 1 to 5 grades depending on the insect number on every 100 plants being below 500,500~2000,2000~8000,8000~32000,over 32000,constituting 19%,30%,24%,14%,13% of the damaged area.when aphid occurence is below grade 3,it can be controlled by using the local characteristics of rich sunshine and dry climate,adopting early harvest,air drying away from the field.When above grade 3,it can not be cleared completely only depending on early harvest,stubble must be controlled by chemical,method after harvest.When aphid occurence is serious,plant height below 70 cm or with inteplanting crops,chemical control can secure yield and farmer's profit.The chemical control has fast effect,complete kill,chemicals of low remain and relevant appling rates are 0.3 kg/hm~2 15% Bi Chong Lin,5000 dilute,1.5 kg/hm~2 25% Feng Shou Bao,2000 dilute.


One of the main parameters that affect the solar cell performance is cell temperature; the solar cell output decreases with the increase of temperature. Therefore, it is important to select the proper solar cell technology that performs better at a specified location considering its average temperatures. In addition, the solar cell performance is directly reflected on the overall economics of the project. This paper is proposed to evaluate the variations in the performance of different solar cell technologies related to the temperature in Amman, Jordan. Field data of weather station and three PV systems (Poly-crystalline, Mono-crystalline and Thin-film) of identical design parameters were collected from Test Field Project at Applied Science Private University, Shafa Badran, Amman, Jordan. These data were analysed in the following way. estimated specific energy yield (kWh/kWp) for the three different PV systems was calculated depending on the measured value of solar irradiance and technical specifications of the installed solar panels and inverters, then the actual energy yield at different temperatures over one year was compared with the estimated value, so the deviations could be determined and actual temperature coefficients for energy yield could be calculated, knowing that the three PV Systems have identical design parameters (tilt angle, azimuth angle, type and dimensions of mounting structure and inverter size) and same cleaning method and schedule. It was found that the thin-film solar panels are less affected by temperature with temperature coefficient of -0.0984%, and -0.109%, -0.124% for Mono-crystalline and Poly-crystalline respectively. These results can be implemented in the preliminary design steps, specifically in the selection of the solar cell technology to be installed in a specific location. Journal of Ecological Engineering Vol. 20(5), 2019 250 this difference in response has been widely investigated in the literature. Hamrouni et al. [2008] investigated the effect of ambient temperature and solar irradiance on the performance of solar pumping system and concluded that high ambient temperature decreased the pump flow rate and overall system efficiency. Priyanka and Ravindra [2012] studied the temperature dependence (in the range of 273–523 K) of key characteristics of solar cell, namely the short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and efficiency, considering solar cells of different semiconductor materials such as. Si, GaAs, InP, CdTe and CdS. They concluded that the overall performance decreases with the increase of temperature. Dubey et al. [2013] reviewed literature investigations on the relation between cell temperature and solar cell performance, and concluded that care must be taken when using the expressions found in the literature to estimate solar cell temperature, because those expressions apply only for restricted mounting geometry. Tobnaghi et al. [2013] experimentally obtained coefficients to estimate the variations in the electrical parameters of solar cells with temperature, and the most significant coefficient obtained described the decrease of maximum power output with the increase of temperature, with coefficient of -0.005 mW/°C. Je et al. [2014] monitored the performance of different solar cell technologies in tropical climate in Singapore, including mono-crystalline Si, heterojunction crystalline Si, multicrystalline Si, double-junction Si, single-junction/double-junction amorphous Si, CdTe and CIGS. In this work, the degradation rates were evaluated using Statistical decomposition methods. The degradation rates for mono-crystalline Si modules were found to be equal or less than -0.8% per year, -1% for multicrystalline Si modules, -2% for amorphous Si, micromorph Si, and CdTe modules and -6% for CIGS modules. Cañete et al. [2014] studied the performance of four different technologies in southern Spain; it was found that the performance of thin-film modules is better in summer, while in the case of poly-crystalline modules, their performance is better in winter. This paper investigates the temperature effect in Amman, Jordan, on mono-crystalline, Figure 1. Effect of Irradiance on Solar Cell I-V Curve Figure 2. Effect of Temperature on Solar Cell I-V Curve


Establishing a two-country, two-good, two-money, two-bond continuous-time dynamic portfolio model of international investor, this paper firstly demonstrates that since monies as well as bonds issued in different countries are not perfectly substitutive for each other none of them should be generally ignored in analyzing the exchange rate determination. Then, it presents the general equilibrium conditions of international asset markets considering goods trade imbalances and derives the equilibrium exchange rate. Finally it investigates the effects of large and marginal changes in money supplies, bond supplies and goods trade imbalances on the exchange rate.


A method for determining the composition of a coarse-grain, high-modulus asphalt concrete having an interlocking structure comprises: selecting an AH-30# low-grade hard asphalt having a penetration grade of 30 or lower as a cementing material; selecting coarse aggregate having a nominal greatest particle diameter no less than 26.5mm; designing a gradation curve using gap-graded coarse material; using a design method based on an asphalt mixture of maximum compactness to determine the optimal tar/gravel proportions. The asphalt concrete formed by the present method has a compact, interlocking structure with improved high-temperature stability and mechanical properties, thus enhancing roadway performance.


This article explores the place of Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Reginensis latinus 1572 in the manuscript tradition of Apuleius' philosophica . I show that its text is independent of those of the two major families, ? and ?, and that it represents a third branch of the stemma.


Research in past decades has demonstrated the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood, but many questions regarding prevalence, causes, and comorbidities of AD ...


Results of space image interpretation for the St. Petersburg flood protection system over the period March 1973-June 1992 are presented. It was determined that the system of technical-engineering structures constituting the flood protection system produced no fundamental change in the hydrologic regime of the waters of the Neva Inlet and the adjacent eastern Gulf of Finland.


Abstract We investigated lesbians' negative affect toward gay and lesbian scenarios with feminine/negative characteristics. Seventy-one Italian lesbians responded to self-report questionnaires. Analyses tested that feminine gay man scenario (GF) would elicit negative affect more than the other three scenarios (feminine/masculine lesbian woman and masculine gay man) and that participants' internalized sexual stigma would be a moderator of the relation between their self-perceived femininity and negative affect. When lesbians reported low self-perceived femininity, stigma levels did not affect the evaluation of the GF. Instead, when self-perceived femininity were higher, lesbians with high stigma reported more negative emotions than lesbians with low stigma.


optimisation of the working environment new trends is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the optimisation of the working environment new trends is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The article examines the guilt of an information intermediary as a condition of his civil liability for a violation of an exclusive right, as well as the circumstances provided by law that exclude this liability. The expediency of unification of rules distributing the burden of proof of legality or illegality of using the intellectual property object between the sender (right holder) and the addressee (site owner). The necessity of establishing the presumption of information intermediary awareness about the violation of the exclusive right in a situation when it follows from the claim sent by the right holder that the intellectual property object has been used in an altered form is proved, and the need for establishing for information intermediaries a particular duty to carry out automatic preventive moderation, the failure of which should indicate the guilt of the information intermediary is substantiated.


for the early Indian man in the street it was of far less significance than might be believed from the emphasis which some modern students place upon it. In her conclusion Mile Auboyer appears in part to recognize this. " II serait sans doute aussi faux de nier le symbolisme qui se rattache aux temoignages plastiques que de les parer en toute occasion d'allusions esoteriques " (p. 39), she writes. Certainly the symbolism was there. Whether the early Indian was always conscious of it is another matter. The plates of this well produced fascicule are in the form of bold line drawings, the work of the author herself. They are not bound to the spine of the book, and thus are easily compared with one another and with the text. Though perhaps not impressive as works of art these sketches are far clearer and easier to interpret than photographic reproductions. We look forward to further instalments of Mile Auboyer's very valuable corpus of illustrations of ancient Indian life.


Islamic education has experienced ups and downs since ancient times along with the emergence of various kinds of challenges of the times. especially in today's era where everything is digital and technological, so most only want increased interaction, technology orientation and acceleration. Even though the true purpose of Islamic education is to give birth to complete human beings, namely faith and noble character, so that one of the steps to overcome this is by utilizing technology in spreading various positive impacts through social media. This includes spreading Islamic education through the YouTube channel, and one of the lecturers who uses this technology is Ustadzah Oki Setiana Dewi. The purpose of this study is to describe the values of Islamic education in his YouTube lecture entitled ""Ceramah Lebih Panjang Oki Setiana Dewi | Jangan Ceritakan Aib Pasangan Di Sosmed". The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques observation and documentation then listened to, recorded and analyzed the contents to conclude. The results showed that the values of Islamic education in Ustadzah Oki Setiana Dewi's Youtube Lectures included the values of aqidah/faith related to the criteria for women who were longed for by heaven, then the values of sharia which were related to worship and mu'amalah and finally the moral values that includes morality to Allah, oneself and also others.


Cyclobutenone was employed as a dienophile in Diels-Alder cycloadditions, provide diverse and complex cycloadducts in good yields. Experimental outcomes indicated cyclobutenone to be more reactive than either cyclopentenone or cyclohexenone. In addition, cycloadducts bearing a strained cyclobutanone moiety were able to undergo regioselective ring expansions to produce corresponding cyclopentanones, lactones, and lactams, which are otherwise difficultly obtained by direct Diels-Alder reactions.


Despite the fact that the liberation war occurred in northern Mozambique, where a considerable number of Muslims lived, their contribution to the independence struggle has been little studied. This paper focusses on their participation in two nationalist liberation movements, Mozambican African National Union (MANU) and Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO), and demonstrates that the prevailing idea in scholarship about Muslims' aloofness from the liberation struggle is unjustified. It argues that Muslim support and participation in the liberation movements stemmed primarily from grassroots African nationalism. Like most Africans, Muslims wished to end colonialism and recover their land from the Portuguese. African Muslims of northern Mozambique were well suited to support these movements, because Islam and chieftainship were linked to each other. Chiefs were believed to be the 'owners' and 'stewards' of the land, and a majority of Muslim leaders, whether traditional chiefs (régulos, in Portuguese) or Sufi leaders (tariqa khulafa', in Arabic), were from the chiefly clans. Most importantly, Muslims of northern Mozambique had close historical and cultural ties to Tanganyika and Zanzibar, especially through Islamic and kinship networks. The involvement of Muslims in the liberation movements of those regions, in particular in Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), inspired and encouraged the Muslims of northern Mozambique to support MANU and FRELIMO, especially since these two movements were launched in Tanganyika and Zanzibar with TANU backing and the participation of Muslim immigrants from northern Mozambique.


The joint application of traditional and integrative medicine in patient care has recently become more well-known and widespread with the aim to achieve the best possible recovery. The importance of hydrotherapy and balneotherapy as a forms of complementary and alternative medicine providing remedy for various ailments and conditions was already known in ancient times and several treatments were developed that can be classified into this category. As a part of modern medicine, these medical treatments continue to be widely used for their positive effects in the treatment of various diseases. In addition, the environmental parameters of spas are also significant, as it may serve as a kind of psychological impulse having an impact on the healing process of patients. Patient satisfaction can influence clinical outcomes, therefore, a close examining of this aspect may prove a potent factor in the assessment and evaluation of the success of physicians and hospitals. The knowledge of healthcare professionals as to the subjective experiences of patients and their levels of satisfaction with care is often limited, that is why it would be of great importance to conduct more intense research in this direction. An institution is more likely to provide successful services if the patients' expectations are recognized and taken into consideration at the beginning of treatment.


SWOT analysis is a common method used in the study of regional tourism development.It has some advantages for some research.Rushan is located in southeast Shandong Province.It has abundant natural and human tourism resources.With SWOT analytical method,in this paper the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of Rushan tourism development were comprehensive analyzed.On this foundation,the corresponding tourism development strategies were put forward.


The main purpose of this Master Thesis has been to investigate issues concerning apple fruit quality in orchards of Appelriket Osterlen. The goal has been to develop a document, for future benefit towards growers and company management in the production of high quality apples.In order to investigate main issues of fruit quality, focus has been on statistics concerning apple varieties, age of the apple trees, new planting, orchard size and growers opinions. Nine growers have been interviewed to investigate opinions and contribution of different growing techniques to increased fruit quality.
The investigation showed high age of the trees in production and low rate of planting of new trees. Differences in fruit quality were highest between small orchards. Most growers were satisfied with their fruit quality and with their own measures made to improve it. Differences in fruit quality were mainly due to accuracy in growing measures and time available for work. Future goals and planning in the orchard, with education and knowledge were also important factors to achieve high quality. Roughly, two types of growers were identified: growers who invest in their orchards and growers who do not. The economic pressure will, on short-term basis, be hardest on orchards with continuously investments. This is due to new, harder sorting rules within the organisation. Applying the IP-system is another important issue concerning quality as well as the confidence between grower and consumer. The recruitment of new growers should continue in order to ensure future investments and contribution of new knowledge in the company.


Moringa oleifera Lam. (Sohanjna, Drumstick tree, Horseradish tree; family, Moringaceae) is a well-known plant, native to Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines and Africa. It is known as miracle tree as well as mother's best friend. Almost every part of plant (i.e., leaves, seeds, bark, root and wood) is a rich source of vitamins, minerals (calcium, magnesium and phosphorus), carotenes and folic acid. Various parts of M. oleifera such as pods, roots and bark have been reported for kidney stone disease; however, no such data is available to show the antiurolithiatic potential of seeds. The aim of the study was to validate the antiurolithiatic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis.


Significant increases in apparent flow strength are observed when non‐uniform plastic deformation of metals occurs at the scale ranging from roughly one to ten microns. Several basic plane strain problems are analysed numerically in this paper based on a new formulation of strain gradient plasticity. The problems are the tangential and normal loading of a finite rectangular block of material bonded to rigid platens and having traction‐free ends, and the normal loading of a half‐space by a flat, rigid punch. The solutions illustrate fundamental features of plasticity at the micron scale that are not captured by conventional plasticity theory. These include the role of material length parameters in establishing the size dependence of strength and the elevation of resistance to plastic flow resulting from constraint on plastic flow at boundaries. Details of the finite element method employed in the numerical analysis of the higher order gradient theory will be discussed and related to prior formulations having some of the same features. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


From the 1960s to the present, the Swedish school has undergone quite a few major reforms, including three new national curricula. The aim of this literature review is to investigate what previous ...


DBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON-282ND MEETING, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 20. MR. DAVID WHITE exhibited two specimens of Carboniferous shale from Lerkis-Bey, near Amasra, Asia Minor, on which are associated Neuropteris Scheuchzeri Hoffm., and N. fimbriata L., together with fragments of another Neuropteris, possibly N. ovata Hoffm., and two species of Pecopteris, one of which was P. abbreviata Brogn. Especial attention was called to the interesting circumstances that not only do these species appear to be identical in details with specimens similarly identified in the collection of the U. S. National Museum from the Lower Productive Coal Measures of Ohio and Pennsylvania, but that in this continent the species are -also found in immediate association. Dr. Erwin F. Smith exhibited a simple style ,of hypodermic syringe recently brought out by Baurch and Lamb. Dr. Sternberg stated that it was identical in principle with one devised by himself when at Johns Hopkins University. Professor 0. F. Cook described ' A New Wingless Fly from Liberia,' stating that it was perhaps referable to the family Phoridte, but that it represented a new genus to which the name Wandolteckia was given in honor of Dr. B. Wandolleck, Dipterist ofthe Berlin Museum. Wings, balancers and ocelli are lacking; the eyes are reduced to about forty hemispherical facets and the abdomen is membranous, the chitinous plates being rudimentary. The type Wandoltleckia achatinw inhabits the deep forests of Liberia, where it is found actively running about on Achatina variegata Roissy, the largest West African land snail. The genus may be related to Puliciophora Dahl, a wingless form from the Bismarck Archipelago, but is generically distinct in the much greater reduction of the abdominal plates and in the armature of the tarsi. The resemblance of both forms to fleas is prob[N. S. VOL. VI. No. 154.


How long is it since the operation? If within three months of the operation, then routine post-operative management should be employed. During this period elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) develops in some patients. This occurs as early as four weeks in some African ethnic groups but is more typically at about six to eight weeks post-operatively. It is part of the wound remodelling process and resolves with good subsequent operative results.1 The difficulty lies in telling it apart from frank scarring and failure which has to be addressed with every tool available (page 73). After three months, it is safe to say you have a fully-developed failure on your hands!


Social representation theory is scrutinized for its capacity to ask new questions and to give new answers to social psychological problems. Its social constructionist implications and relationship to brute facts are investigated. It is shown that social representations result from collective symbolic coping with 'brute' facts. Consequently representations create the domesticated world of social objects which implies considering activity as part of a representation. Culture change in modern societies is shown to produce 'cognitive polyphasia' by adding alternative representations to existing ones instead of replacing them.


Propylene copolymers containing 2.2 - 12.5 mol % of ethylene units were prepared using a modified titanium-magnesium catalyst. The structure and stress-strain behavior of the copolymers were studied. It was shown that the content of the α-crystalline modification decreases and the fraction of the γ-crystalline modification of polypropylene (PP) increases with an increase in the content of ethylene units and a decrease in the average length of crystallizable PP blocks in copolymers. The modulus of elasticity and yield stress at room temperature linearly decrease with the decreasing content of α-modification of PP. When the content of ethylene units increases, the values of ultimate elongation at break and the impact strength of copolymers rise. The value of tensile strength is maximum for the copolymer containing 2.2 mol % of ethylene units. Necking occurs both in the homopolymer and copolymers with low content of ethylene units. In the case of copolymers containing more than 6 mol % of ethylene units, the increasing content of the γ-crystalline phase of PP makes the plastic flow more homogeneous.


153 Background: Docetaxel (D) remains the standard first cytotoxic therapy in mCRPC. Given its mechanism of action, acceptable toxicity profile and simple administration, SU had potential as maintenance therapy for mCRPC. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of SU monotherapy in patients (pts) with mCRPC who have responded to D.

METHODS
Pts withmCRPC and responding/stable disease at the time of D completion were enrolled in this multicentre trial. Pts received 50mg of SU daily on 4/2 week on/off cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), defined on the basis of RECIST criteria and worsening disease-related symptoms requiring further therapy. Because the effect of SU on PSA is not well known, PSA progression alone was not considered disease progression. PFS of 180 days was considered to be a clinically meaningful threshold for recommending further study of SU. PSA response was a secondary endpoint. The threshold for PSA-progression (PSA-P) was defined as a 25% increase in PSA over baseline.

RESULTS
Twenty-three pts were enrolled and treated. Mean age was 66.5 years (48-78). ECOG scores of 0, 1, and 2 were reported for 9, 13 and 1 pts respectively. Mean number of prior cycles of D was 8.6 (4-12). A total of 92 cycles of SU were administered; a mean of 4 per pt (1-11). Mean follow-up was 5.4 months (0.6-15). A total of 479 adverse events (AE) were recorded, of which 88% were Grade 1-2 and 12% were Grade 3-4. The AE were of a type and severity expected for SU. Three Grade 4s occurred, consisting of hepatitis, myelosuppression, and pneumonia. Median PFS was 133 days (95% CI: 48-154). Most pts had immediate PSA increases without evidence of disease progression, with the mean increases in PSA over baseline being 197%, 342%, and 1437% in Cycles 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Although SU was well tolerated as maintenance therapy with predictable side-effects, median PFS was lower than the predefined threshold of 180 days. PSA values were not informative as significant increases were observed as early as Cycle 2. This agent is not considered worthy of further investigation in this setting of maintenance therapy.

CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION
NCT00550810.


The ability to relate school and home science as a way of enhancing students' performance in chemistry prompted this investigation. 200 high school chemistry students drawn from an urban center in Ondo State, Nigeria constituted the sample. They were made to respond to validated structured questionnaire that sought to discover the ability of students to relate chemistry concepts they learned in school with those that could be observed or inferred from the activities they carry out daily at home and the effect of socio-economic background of the parents on students' ability to relate the two experiences. The results presented in tables as well as hypotheses tested with chi-square revealed that the students could not establish a helpful relationship between school and home science in spite of daily exposure to both experiences.  Students from low socio-economic background, where there are no house helpers, and are involved in regular household chores struck a better relationship than their counterparts from high socio-economic background. Also, chemistry teachers do not cite these home experiences in their teaching. The study is useful for the science teachers, authors of textbooks, teachers' trainers and curriculum planners in improving the learning environment of chemistry students.

 Key words: Chemistry concepts, home activities, socio-economic status and achievement


history of extreme prematurity by using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). The primary stimulus for this study was our anecdotal clinical experience of unusual social-behavioral phenotypes observed during long-term follow-up of large populations of ex-preterm infants and young children. We recognize that autism and other psychiatric disorders have been described in adolescents and young adults and wish to acknowledge the important work performed to date by Indredavik and co-workers in this field. However, the principal focus of our study was fundamentally different insofar as we wished to define the prevalence of a positive screening result for early signs of autistic features among ex-preterm infants and children at the earliest possible age. In addition to our clinical observations of this behavioral profile, there is recent evidence for the effectiveness of early and intensive applied behavioral analysis interventions,1–3 which highlights the importance of early screening and diagnostic testing. It should be noted that the American Academy of Pediatrics now recommends autism screening for all children by the age of 2 years. We believe that our report is the first to describe the high prevalence of positive screening results for early signs of autism in the growing population of infants who survive premature birth. This study emphasizes the importance of larger-scale testing among ex-preterm infants, followed by definitive diagnostic testing, to expedite the initiation of early interventions for this potentially debilitating spectrum of disorders.


The existing machine learning algorithms are costly when it comes to retraining the detection model. However, domains used in different types of malicious activities vary a lot depending on their complex purposes. In order to detect malicious domains in large scale traffic data in real time, a modified SVM algorithm (F-SVM) is proposed in this paper. F-SVM draws lessons from the idea of feedback learning, and it is able to solve the problem of insufficient labeled samples and high cost of updating models. Experimental results show that F-SVM algorithm is capable to keep a high precision rate through whole detection process while simple SVM model has a detection fall as the detection process goes on. F-SVM model's high efficiency in updating detection model makes it suitable for online detection.


Crossed molecular beam studies have been made on the reactions of K with CH3Br, CH3CN, CH3NC, CH2=CHCH2CN, CH2=CHCH2NC, CH3COCl, CH3COBr, CH3COI, and CH3COCN. All reactions are rebound, with small (3−10 A2) reaction cross sections for the alkyl and allyl compounds and moderate (15−60 A2) cross sections for the acetyl compounds. Acetyl cyanide is unusually reactive (∼60 A2). The latter


This is report of a rare case of thymic hyperplasia in a 6-month-old female child with significant compression effect on the airways and shift of the mediastinum. Timely imaging study and tissue biopsy play an important role in identifying cause of anterior mediastinal mass in this age group.


The aim of this study is to determine the colimenses college athletes' psychological profile and examine if significant differences exist between individual and collective practitioners modes. Similarly, we aim to find risk profiles for athletes. It is a cross-sectional study, based on a non-probabilistic sample of 122 Pre-graduate students of Physical Education and Sports of the University of Colima in Mexico. The measuring instrument used was "Caracteristicas Psicologicas Relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo" (CPRD) or "Psychological Characteristics Related to the Sporting Performance" questionnaire in the adapted version for Mexican athletes. The questionnaire measures out stress management, motivation, team cohesion, influence of the evaluation of performance and mental ability. Among the main findings were found seven risk profiles ordered according to gradient needs of intervention by the definition of breakpoints for all and each of the subscales. It was found that almost 40% of athletes are in a risk profile, of which 6.6% were in the lower profile, and 4.1% in the highest risk profile.


Abstract An approach for texturing of gas-sensitive nanocoatings by using surface acoustic waves (SAW) is presented in this article. The objective of the work is to enhance the performance of precise SAW-based gas sensors due to the increased specific area of the sensitive nanocoating, induced during its growth and to replace the expensive lithographic techniques for nanopatterning, typically used for this purpose. The technique can be used for tuneable alignment of nanoparticles or nanowires and it is scale-independent. To control the texture of the sensitive nanocoating, a specific electrode topology was used to generate waves with a specific space distribution, which in turn caused assembling of the nanoparticles increasing the adsorption capacity. In this way, a broader dynamic range of 7,000 ppm was achieved (three times extended as compared to the non-textured sensing film), measurement error of 0.6% against 4% for the non-patterned, faster response time in the sub-seconds range (970 ms vs 1.1 s), negligible hysteresis of 10 mV (against >100 mV), and very good sensitivity of 5 µV per ppm, which are in line with the current standards for ethanol sensors. The enhanced sensor parameters were achieved by implementation of conventional patterning technologies without the need for nanolithographic techniques for the texturing the nanocoating. The method is low-cost, and applicable in a variety of sensing structures despite the sensing coating (optical, biological, etc.).


This paper presents a system for unconstrained handwritten Odia text recognition using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) framework. Existing literature for Odia text recognition works primarily with individual isolated characters. In this study we introduce a Odia dataset of word samples collected from different professionals. Concavity feature from each word image is extracted in our approach. Next, the features are fed to HMM-based sequential classifier for recognition. The experiment has been performed on a large dataset consisting of 4000 words and results obtained are encouraging.


A novel chain transfer agent-PTDBA was designed,synthesized and characterized.By using PTDBA as chain transfer agent,AIBN as initiator,styrene and methyl methacrylate as monomers,multi-arms star polymers(PS-CTA,PMMA-CTA) which can be used as macro chain transfer agent were synthesized via RAFT polymerization at 80 ℃.The polymer′s chemical structures were confirmed by means of FT-IR,NMR,and the molecular weight and its polydistribution were characterized by SEC/MALLS.It is found that the relationships of the ln/[M] vs.reaction time and molecular weight vs.conversion show linear after passing retardation period.A multi-arms block copolymer was also synthesized via RAFT polymerization in which DMAEMA is the second monomer.Its chemical structure was verified by FT-IR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.The results indicate that the PS-CTA has the chain extending effect.


This document describes an integrated package of Parton Density Functions called PDFLIB which has been added to the CERN Program Library Pool W999 and is labelled as W5051. In this package all the di erent sets of parton density functions of the Nucleon, the Pion and the Photon which are available today (about 100 di erent sets) have been put together. All these sets have been combined in a consistent way such that they all have similar calling sequences and no external data les have to be read in anymore. A default set has been prepared, although those preferring their own set or wanting to test a new one may do so within the package. The selection mode, the program parameters as well as the possibilities to modify the defaults and to control errors occured during execution are described. The package o ers as well a program to calculate the strong coupling constant s to rst or second order (default). The correct QCD associated to the selected set of structure functions and the number of allowed avours with respect to the given Q is automatically used in the calculation. For those structure functions where the evolution has been performed to leading order only, an s value xed to rst order is returned. (submitted to Computer Physics Communications)


In June 2008 single-sided silicon strip sensors with 50 $\mu$m readout pitch were tested in a highly energetic pion beam at the SPS at CERN. The purpose of the test was to evaluate characteristic detector properties by varying the strip width and the number of intermediate strips. The experimental setup and first results for the spatial resolution are discussed.


Engineering the Future (EtF) is a three year project funded by EPSRC, which became operational in September 2006 and which is based in the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering of the University of Strathclyde and in the Departments of Electronics and Electrical Engineering and Educational Studies of the University of Glasgow. EtF seeks to address the challenges posed by the predicted shortfall between the numbers entering university engineering courses and the growing demands for graduate engineers to meet society's needs. To do so it aims to develop a methodology which sustains transformational change in engineering education. Using Electronic and Electrical Engineering (EEE) as a pilot study and located initially in Scotland, the Project's findings will be disseminated to ensure uptake on a UK basis.


ASTORAL nomadism in the Sahara appears in the long run to lack a future, since it is unable to produce commodities that can command an assured market, at rising or stable prices, to sustain an increase in living standards. The adoption of a sedentary way of life seems to be a precondition for development. In Air, a region in the northern part of the Republic of Niger, the settlement of nomads has been officially encouraged since 1922, but it is complicated by a long-standing duality between the nomadic, pure-bred Tuareg camel herders and the formerly servile sedentary cultivators of mixed descent. "Sedentarization" emphasizes the economic future of agriculture, which is severely limited by natural conditions. Furthermore, the French conquest, half a century of colonial rule, and the economic changes in the twentieth century have initiated a process of continuing geographical change. It is in the light of these changes that an evaluation of the resources of the sedentary communities of Air must be made, with particular reference to the ecology of agricultural land use.1


The Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique is sensitive both to pipe wall geometry and pipe wall strain, therefore MFL inspection tools have the potential to locate and characterize mechanical damage in pipelines. The present work is the first stage of a study focused on developing an understanding of how MFL signals arise from pipeline gouges. A defect set of 10 gouges were introduced into sections of 12″ diameter, 5m long, end capped and pressurized X60 grade pipe sections. The gouging tool displacement ranged (before tool removal) between 2.5 to 12.5mm. Gouges were approximately 50mm in length. The shallowest indentation created only a very slight scratch on the pipe surface, the deepest created a very significant gouge. All gouges were axially oriented. Experimental MFL measurements were made on the external pipe wall surface (pressurized) as well as the internal surface (unpressurized). The early results of the experimental MFL studies, and a hypothesis for the origin of the MFLaxial signal "dipole" are discussed in this paper.© 2010 ASME


A three-dimensional model and a visual prototyping model of the system was established based on the analysis of structure of inertia cone crusher. The simulation method was used to analyze the stress of kinetic cone and the crushing force of system by ASAMS software. The influence of vibration stoppers to the system was studied also. The results indicated that the average crushing force is 6.66×105 N. It is enough to crush hard material as alloy. The system have better dynamics characteristic by being used suitable vibration stoppers.


Optimization of the ohmic contacts in an n-AlGaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) structure is presented. The method used was similar to that reported in [1]. In this case four different metal stacks were present in a single wafer. The metal stacks were optimized for different vendors. The results from the optimization are presented.


ABSTRACT The provision of mass urban transit is frequently tied to agendas of social justice and equity. Yet there are persistent challenges to locating justice within urban mobility regimes. Drawing on two cases of transit activism – Free Transit Toronto and Black Lives Matter in the San Francisco Bay Area – this paper identifies three limitations to transport justice scholarship and practice, namely the theorization of mobility, space, and justice. These activist struggles demonstrate that justice cannot be adequately defined through an abstract accounting of how harms and benefits are distributed, but also concerns the contextual and conflictual processes of producing space and subjects.


In the field of embedded systems there is a tendency towards distributed mobile environments relying on wireless networking. These inherently dynamic environments present new challenges for system reliability. One basic building block for reliability support at the software level is reliable group communication.However, traditional implementations of such a service are unsuitable for wireless and embedded environments, in which bandwidth and power consumption limitations exist. In this paper we present a group communication service optimized for mobile ad-hoc networks which provides reliable communication for a subset of stable nodes. These stable nodes can then use reliable communication to implement higher-level reliability services such as replication.


We have studied the cytotoxicity in vitro of tetramethylarsonium hydroxide (TetMA-OH), which is found in some marine animals, in various murine immune effector cells, including splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch (PP) lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) alveolar macrophages (AMs) and bone-marrow (BM) cells, using synthetic material which was compared with an inorganic arsenical, sodium arsenite. Arsenite showed strong cytotoxicity in these cells, with an IC 50 (the concentration that reduced the number of surviving cells to 50% of that in untreated controls) of about 2-9 μmol dm -3 . In contrast, TetMA-OH was less toxic, even at a concentration above 10 mmol dm -3 , in these immune effector cells, and no enhancement effect on the viability of the cells was observed. These data suggested that TetMA-OH had no biological effect, either toxic or modulating on any immune effector cells in vitro.


Objective:To analyze the causes of misdiagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) by bone marrow smears.Methods:Forty-seven patients with MDS misdiagnosed by bone marrow smears from February 1992 to December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The misdiagnosis rate of refractory anemia(RA) reached 89.3 %.The major misdiagnosed diseases were proliferous anemia(PA),chronic aplastic anemia(CAA),megaloblastic anemia(MA) and acute leukemia(AL).Conclusions:The diagnosis of MDS is relative difficult and correct diagnosis can be made by means of analysis of the patients' medical history,bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetics.


In order to obtain a high-resolution image, a wideband signal is required in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). However, in an active electronically steered array (AESA) SAR, consideration of the beam squint problem is indispensable especially when a forward directed AESA operates in a squint spotlight SAR mode. In this paper, we present an accurate compensation method for the squint problem without added hardware, such as true time delays. To clarify the beam squint effect, an antenna gain radiated to point targets located on the ground was derived and we confirmed that the antenna gain for the targets placed on the same cross-range axis has similar tendency within 1.5-dB difference. Based on the results, we proposed a cross-range-variant antenna gain equalizer. Through test simulations, we confirmed that the suggested method effectively compensated for the degraded resolution performance of about 14% for the AESA SAR.


The paper deals with technology of students' achievement in the area of educational activities, methods, techniques, forms and conditions of monitoring knowledge quality in accordance with the requirements of Russian higher education system modernization. The authors propose methodic techniques of students' training for testing based on innovative and traditions approaches, development of the system of student's competences evaluation in the course of teaching using current educational technologies in higher institutions. Pedagogical testing is represented as a set of instruments that allows assuring systematic monitoring and objective evaluation of students' professional training quality in the course of entire education process, defining stages of tests carrying out and also ways and means of educational results adjustment. It's feasible to consider the system of criterion-referenced tests a main method for pedagogical testing organization. It consists of tests of a specific form, certain content, increasing difficulty, created for the purpose of quality increase in professional education of university students. Testing as one of monitoring forms should be on an equal basis with traditional solitary and control works. Combination of all kinds of control allows the teacher to complement education process in a more qualitative manner. The expected result is creation of the organization model of the system of students' knowledge evaluation based on elaborated vocationally-orientated test materials that evaluate competences included in the requirements of Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education of the third generation.


It is well-known that CIE Illuminant C has been used as typical colorimetric characteristics of daylight. However, we have experience shows that ordinary daylight around us is not always constant but usually changes with seasons, weather, directions and so on. Unfortunately these data are scarce in Japan.Therefore, the authors have been trying to measure spectral distributions and chromaticities of north daylight in Nagaoka, Japan. A monochrometer and an amplifier with photomultiplier tube were both trially manufactured for this research.The results are as follows:1) The spectral distribution shows very wide variation with measuring place, weather, time and so on.And, the comformity index of spectral distribution of daylight from north sky is about 360 for Planckian radiator in relation to the equal color temperature.2) The chromaticity of daylight is distributed between+40 MPCD and-20 MPCD, in relation to the locus of Planckian radiator.And, points of the average chromaticity with each color temperature are arranged along the formulated curve; y=2.224x-2.102x2-0.160, and this curve falls slightly on the green side of the Planckian locus.3) Some studies on the same subject have been recently presented in America, Canada and England. Comparison of the authers' results with theirs shows that there is very similar tendency between them.This research will be continued to collect a statistical data on daylight in Japan.


The study is focused on the assessment of the stability of the lower part of the right slope of the Danube River. The research area is situated in the town of Tutrakan, Northeastern Bulgaria. The present study investigates the likelihood of activating landslide processes due to construction works on the water supply and sewerage network of the town, as well as the influence of the natural geological and hydrogeological settings of the region. The research area is part of the Danubian Plain. The groundwater level lies between 7 and 26 m below the surface, in the sandy sediments and limestones of the Pliocene that form the semi-confined to unconfined aquifer. They are mainly formed by infiltration of precipitation through the loess layer. The groundwater discharge is carried out naturally and technogenically towards the Danube, through a herringbone system of drains built in the toe of the landslide cirques. The assessment of the slope stability was made for the different hypotheses – natural (momentous – including the existing buildings), constructional (including excavations), primary and specific (including seismic forces) combination of stresses. The different geodynamic models, taking into account the influence of groundwater, the influence of different destabilizing factors and seismic impact, show that the slope, as well as the studied sections of it – the landslide cirques, are in a stabilized state, with safety coefficients (Fs > 1). According to the mechanism of deformation, the landslides are classified as a translational slide, and deep seated according to the depth of the slip zone. They are contemporary and currently active. The study confirms the hypothesis of the origin of the landslide masses in the area, formed as a mixture of loess material and Pliocene clays. The groundwater level is directly related to the current state of the landslide slope stability.


A method and user node (900) for maintaining a connection with a network node (902) when operating in a multi-carrier mode using a first filter configuration (900c) to receive multiple frequency carriers simultaneously for downlink communication. The user node (900) applies a mode switching scheme comprising first intervals for the multi-carrier mode and second intervals for a single carrier mode using a second filter configuration (900d) to receive a single carrier for the downlink communication. In this case, the user node (900) switches temporarily from the multi-carrier mode to operate in the single carrier mode during the second intervals according to the mode switching scheme. Thereby the user node is enabled to maintain the connection by receiving messages and/or control signalling from the network node over the single frequency carrier during the second intervals, for example when the multi-carrier mode is highly disturbed by interference.


Global material circulation in our planet from the surface to the bottom of the mantle is controlled by a combination of plate, plume, and "anti–plate" tectonics, where fluids and melts play an active role. Whereas crustal fluids are dominated by CO 2 and H 2 O, with subordinate CH 4 and N 2 , the volatiles in the lower mantle are speculated to be dominantly CO 2 . The process of Archean subduction aided in the sequestration of CO 2 from the ocean-atmosphere system, with the ultimate probable destination being the mantle. When a rising "superplume" hits the tectosphere, the predicted carbonated continental keel would become enriched in CO 2 . During the Phanerozoic, the carbonated upper mantle was drastically reduced in size, as speculated from the scarcity of dry, "ultrahot" orogens. Free fluid circulation within Earth is present only in restricted zones, mostly along the plate boundaries and intracontinental rifts, and particularly along subduction zones, where the fluid is mostly water dominated. The propagating water front in the deep mantle in modern Earth may correspond to the apparent increase in pressure through geologic time, which might be one of the reasons for a general lack of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belts in the Archean and their prevalence in the Phanerozoic orogenic belts.


The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of hydrodynamics and mass transport on the bubble generation in sapphire shaped crystals. The basic idea is that nucleation of bubbles can be anticipated in places were the gas chemical composition is maximum. Finite elements numerical simulation (FIDAP TM software) is used in order to solve the momentum, mass and chemical species conservation equations in the liquid enclosed in the capillary channel and in the liquid meniscus. A parametric study is performed and the effect of the die geometry and of the physical parameters are clarified. It is shown that the main effect is related to the rejection of the gas at the solid-liquid interface and that forced and thermo-capillary convection can explain the experimental observation of the concentration of microbubbles very close to the outer crystal surface in certain cases.


the antitrust law is a very important law in the national economic life.the author give some advise for the Legislatiaon of Antitrust Law in china,from the necessity of Legislatiaon of Chinese Antitrust Law and infection of anti-monopoly upon Scale Economy.


This paper analysis the existing problems in the current search engine,presents a construction method for vertical search engine utilizing ontology and then discusses a set of key technologies for the construction of vertical search engine. Finally a prototype of electronic magazine search engine is implemented.


Summary: Interesting new CMC and phase separation data of carbohydrate-based self-assembling core-shell nanoparticles which were synthesized via the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT) process. The macro-RAFT agent, poly(3-O- Methacryloyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose) (PMAlpGlc), was prepared by RAFT polymerization of the glycomonomer with cumyl phenyl dithioacetate as the chain transfer agent. Chain extension with styrene and methyl acrylate afforded the diblock copolymers (PMAlpGlc-b-styrene and PMAlpGlc-b-methyl acrylate) having predetermined molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distributions. Acidolysis of these diblock copolymers were undertaken and confirmed by NMR. Core-shell nanoparticles were observed by TEM.


We analyze the characteristics of the inductance L,capacitance C elements in the sinusoidal AC circuit by applying simulation experiment of Multisim 10 software.Depending on our scheme of Multisim simulation experiment,the phase relation between AC voltage and current of inductance and capacitance elements,and the numerical relation between effective sinusoidal voltage and current and reactance are obtained,which are accord with the theoretical analysis and calculation.And therefore,virtual Multisim simulation experiment can be utilized to describe intuitively and visually the operating characteristics of the circuit elements.Diversifying the hardware experiments to the visual simulation experiments will benefit the ability developments of the knowledge synthesis,knowledge application,and knowledge migration.


The goal of this work is to understand how to use the Content Marketing, a main technique to approach the brand or the company to the consumer, to whom it is harder every day to convince through an advertising message. Another purpose is to apply more specialized content such as the Brand Content, which allows that a company or a brand advertises its unique product or services. But the main goal was to create a guide of implementation for the industry in barsrestaurants, that lets companies improve the quality of its service and provides better care level to the clients in Quito. On the other hand, I could study an advertising trend that has been underused, this is Artvertising, a method with great potential because it merges art with advertising, but it has found troubles when it has looked for favorable commercial sector where many complications do not occur. Therefore we chose the industry in bars-restaurants, particularly Cafe Mosaico, on Itchimbia, an excellent case when we talk about the application of this study, because it is a company that is often working with culture. The research is based on all information concerning the concepts and the application of Content Marketing, Brand Content and Artvertising. The purpose is to obtain a lot of information and to manage better methods during the research. I used formulas, digital and physical segmentation ways and source references for the project and for the definition of the population sample size. I discovered, through "Catrastro" of the Ministery of Tourism, that there are 15.348 companies in the industry of bars-restaurants, only in the urban area of Quito. And none of these companies has used a technique like Artvertising. Therefore, it was necessary to research about the average consumer in Quito, to know him or her, to know if this consumer is accustomed to digital media, and if he or she likes to go to a bar-restaurant, that presents artistic exhibitions. The techniques that were used were: observation technique, surveys, "ghost customers" technique and interviews. And the outcome was positive. Finally, this guide of implementation of Content Marketing, Brand content and Artvertising in the industry of bars-restaurants provides specialized information for people that are not expert in this area and it is established as a reference for professionals as a starting point.


The effects of Di-ao-xin-xue-kang(DAXXK)on acute myocardial ischemia and hemodynamics caused by ligating coronary artery were studied in dogs.The results showed that DAXXK(10 mg/kg,iv) reduced obviously the range and degree of myocardial ischemia,slowed down the heart rate,decreased the blood pressure,cardiac output,left ventricle pressure,left ventricle work,myocardial oxygen consumption,coronary resistance.total peripheral resistance,and also increased the coronary arterial blood flow.The results suggest DAXXK can prevent heart from myocardial ischemia and change some indices of hemodynamics significantly.


The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the fiscal situation, composition of public expenditures, social expenditures and social outcomes and select public expenditure management issues in Swaziland.


Set variables and set constraints provide convenient modeling shorthands for many combinatorial problems. However, it is often challenging to efficiently handle set constraints when solving the problem. We present the first polynomial-time filtering algorithm establishing bounds consistency, for the atmost1 constraint on pairs of set variables. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms previously proposed algorithms in practice.


This research aims to design an efficient algorithm leading to an improvement of productivity by posing a multi-objective optimization, in which both the time consumed to carry out scheduled tasks and the associated costs of the autonomous industrial system are minimized. The algorithm proposed models the kinematics and dynamics of the industrial robot, provides collision-free trajectories, allows to constrain the energy consumed and meets the physical characteristics of the robot (i.e., restriction on torque, jerks and power in all driving motors). Additionally, the trajectory tracking accuracy is improved using an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC), which allows compensating for parametric uncertainties, bounded external disturbances and constraint uncertainties. Therefore, the system stability and robustness are enhanced; thus, overcoming some of the limitations of the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. The trade-offs among the economic issues related to the assembly line and the optimal time trajectory of the desired motion are analyzed using Pareto fronts. The technique is tested in different examples for a six-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robot system. Results have proved how the use of this methodology enhances the performance and reliability of assembly lines.


In this study, the microstructure and wear properties of pulse plasma treated AISI 4140 steel was investigated. The surfaces of the samples were modified by using plasma pulse technique. The only one battery capacities (800mF) and two different sample plasma gun nozzle distances of 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm and different number of pulse were chosen for surface modification. XRD analyses were done for all samples. Wear test was done in CSM-linear wear test machine with 0.15 m/s constant sliding speed under 5N, 7N, and 9N loads for 200 m. It was observed that friction coefficient and wear value were changed in accordance with load. Friction coefficient values of modified specimens were lower than that of non-modified ones. Wear resistance was increased in modified samples. Worn surfaces of specimens were studied by SEM, EDS analyses techniques. Modification layer was formed on surface (in Fig.1a).


Entrepreneurs who actively conduct e-commerce has a wider sales area when compared to the use of promotions through offline. Currently, Indonesia is actively improving the quality of tourism services. Tourism development is also not separated from e-commerce as a marketing strategy. Indonesia seeks to raise local wisdom as a tourist attraction. Research village, management of tourism facilities and infrastructure, tourist attractions, marketing management governance is also continuously improved. The village of Kenep Sukoharjo is a village that is proclaimed as a tourist destination. This tourist village is constantly arranging well from the management of tourism, facilities, tour packages, tourism facilities and infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to describe the potential of Kenep village as a tourist destination and the application of e-commerce tourism in the village of Kenep. This research method using descriptive qualitative method. After survey activities, interviews and observations, it was found that Kenep village has started to use e-commerce in promoting its tourism potential. Village tourism promotion is done through youtube videos, social media, websites or blogs. This tourist village has organized a race tour event read poetry. Tour managers who are accommodated by the Sadar Wisata Group (Pokdarwis), start promoting tourist villages through social media, coverage of tourism potential through printed newspapers or on line, television media has also been done. Visitors who come are still limited to residents around Sukoharjo District, such as elementary school students, junior high school and high school. Several times a visit from private college students in Sukoharjo District. For further research can analyze the impact of e-commerce.


The analysis of the structures of the springing systems of modern vehicles showed that polymer composites are used in vehicles for which the decrease in curb weight is a critical indicator. The use of springs (suspensions) from polymer composites makes it possible to reduce the weight of the elastic element and increase durability while improving the smoothness of movement, reducing noise, and increasing traffic safety. When replacing the steel suspension with a polymer composite suspension, the mass of unsprung parts of the car decreases, and the economic performance of wheeled vehicles improves.
The article discusses the problem of vertical viscoelastic oscillations of the suspension systems of the skeleton, engine, cabin, and seat. When considering the suspension's rheological properties, the Boltzmann-Volterra integral model is used. The Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn nucleus is used as a nucleus, which has weakly singular features of the Abel type. The system of integro-differential equations describing the studied process is solved by a method based on the use of quadrature formulas. The effect of the parameters of the hereditary-deformable properties of the suspension on the vibration shape is shown.


Abstract Mark Somerstein's (2006) presentation of his deliberations regarding the dual focus of clinical and religious dimensions of a self-limiting male Roman Catholic patient are critically assessed. Somerstein, of Jewish faith, struggles to find a parallel avenue that would enable both his own faith and the patient's faith to be brought into the treatment process without unduly overloading the clinical dialogue. The present writer examines the implications of driving a sharp dichotomy between "religious" and "clinical" dimensions, insisting that the tendency to divide the two results from listening to religious material and metaphors at face value. At the deepest level, referred to as the latent theology, this split disappears. The author offers recommendations about the conditions that are required in order for countertransference in such cases to be effectively linked to the inner dynamics of the patient.


Data hiding can be utilized as a communication medium as well as digital watermarking or fingerprinting ap-plications which can protect intellectual property rights or avoid illegal copying of digital media. In the previous studies, audio data hiding techniques have been applied to disaster prevention broadcasting systems and a technique called Tone Code that can embed the secret messages by utilizing the characteristics of mu-sical pieces, such as melody, harmony and rhythm. In this study, an audio data hiding scheme utilizing artificial flowing water sounds is proposed and applied it into an acoustic communication technique in a small chamber such as a restroom stall. Such flowing water sounds have characteristics quite similar to white Gaussian noise. Therefore, it is expected that the deterioration of the stego sound quality can be ignored after embedding secret messages in those sounds. It is shown that the proposed scheme can transmit the secret messages with almost no errors through the experiments under the analog transmission scenario using loud speakers and mobile terminals in a small chamber. Some problems to be tackled in our future study are also discussed.


The popularity of theodicy over the past several decades has given rise to a countermovement, "anti-theodicy", which admonishes attempts at theodicy for various reasons. This paper examines one prominent anti-theodical objection: that it is hubristic, and attempts to form an approach to theodicy which evades this objection. To do so I draw from the work of Eleonore Stump, who provides a framework by which we can glean second-personal knowledge of God. From this knowledge, I argue that we can derive a theodicy which does not utilise the kind of analytic theorising antitheodicists accuse of intellectual hubris.


Manually annotating gastric X-ray images for gastritis detection is time-consuming and expensive because it typically requires expert knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised learning method for gastritis detection with scarce annotations. Our method introduces triplet networks and a triple-view loss to solve the insufficient available annotations in gastritis detection. Experimental results show that our method can outperform several state-of-the-art methods for gastritis detection with scarce annotations.


When any process of measuring is considered, one of the basic questions is how to assess the precision of measurement methods and/or instruments. In this paper, this question is formulated and solved as a problem of tolerance regions for absolute and relative normaly distributed errors of measurements.


IntroductionA disaster means that appalling disturbance / change which brings with it great damage, misery and death when it occurs and leaves a legacy of destruction that has to be overcome. Although disasters have enormous damaging capacity, there exist considerable evidence of the efforts made by human beings to survive in extreme events such as earthquakes or hurricanes or fires and these evidences are observed throughout ancient to modern history of human civilization. In contemporary societies, warnings and repercussions of disasters has been superintended by various organizations in various forms. International aid-agencies such as the World Bank (WB), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and United States Agency for International Development (USAID) etc. emphasize through their Disaster Relief Program (DRM) on the involvement of community for development purposes and long term sustainability (UNDP-DRM, 2002-09). However, disasters could be reduced if not prevented. With today's advancements in science and technology, including early warning and forecasting of natural phenomena together with innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing local capacities, the impact of natural hazards somehow be predicted and mitigated. Also, its detrimental effects on populations can also be reduced and the communities can be protected adequately.