Public space is often seen as problem space in the modern city: it is now as it has always been a space of contention. It is the visible and accessible venue wherein the public – comprising institutions and citizens acting in concert – enact rituals and make claims designed to win recognition. This article discusses two theses which regard the public realm in the modern city from very different perspectives. It then seeks to understand the strikingly contrary conclusions about the public sphere by exploring several of the issues which proponents of the two viewpoints interpret differently.


A new hospital meal program offers patients more than nutritious food choices for every meal of every day —it also lays the groundwork for better eating habits in patients' daily lives


An integrated welder and air compressor combination (10) includes a housing having an engine (58), weld current generator and a belt- driven air-compressor (68). A pulley arrangement (82) is coupled to the engine, with the centers of the pulleys (106, 100, 92) in co- planar arrangement to enable driving the air-compressor and engine accessory pulleys with a single belt (86). The engine accessory pulleys can drive, for example, one or more of an alternator, fan, or pump.


The utility model discloses an air brake system for an electric proportional control of an engineering special vehicle, which mainly comprises an air compressor, a dryer, a renewable air storing cylinder, a four-way protection valve, an air storing cylinder, a proportional control valve, a sensor, a two-way retaining valve, a relay valve, a spring brake air chamber and an axle. The air brake system can provide safe and reliable running brake, parking brake and monolateral brake to the engineering special vehicle and is worth of popularization in the brake system of the engineering vehicle.


Nitrogen assimilation and short term retention in a nutrient-rich tidal freshwater marsh – a whole ecosystem N enrichment study B. Gribsholt, E. Struyf, A. Tramper, L. De Brabandere, N. Brion, S. van Damme, P. Meire, F. Dehairs, J. J. Middelburg, and H. T. S. Boschker Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, P.O. Box 140, 4400AC Yerseke, The Netherlands University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Environmental Management Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium now at: University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville FL 32653, USA Received: 18 May 2006 – Accepted: 6 June 2006 – Published: 24 July 2006 Correspondence to: B. Gribsholt (firstname.lastname@example.com)


Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus and represents a primary target for drug discovery against HIV-1 infection. Two classes of RT inhibitors, the nucleoside and the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, are prominently used in the highly active antiretroviral therapy in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. This chapter deals with the salient features of HIV-RT that make it an attractive target for rational drug design and chemotherapeutic intervention in the management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Further, the role of RT in the viral life cycle, the ways the drugs act to inhibit the normal functions of RT, and the mechanisms that the virus adapts to evade the available drugs have been discussed. Computational strategies used in rational drug design accompanied by a better understanding of RT, its mechanism of inhibition and drug resistance, discussed in this chapter, shall provide a better platform to develop effective RT inhibitors.


The aim of this study was to study the effect of surface branching of titanium endoprostheses on the efficiency of fibrointegration. The object of the study was samples of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in the form of disks with a diameter of 5 mm and a thickness of 1 mm with various surface treatments:
1) samples with a rough surface after sandblasting;
2) samples with a rough surface after sandblasting with a bioactive coating of titanium dioxide TiO2 with anatase structure.
The study of surface roughness was carried out by profilometry. Evaluation of the spreading and proliferation of cells on the surface of test samples, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of fibrointegration was carried out according to standard methods using scanning electron microscopy. During the experiments, mesinchymal stem cells were sown on test samples and the test samples were introduced into the soft tissues of experimental animals.
Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the technology of forming rough surfaces by sandblasting does not provide high uniformity and reproducibility in the nanometer range and, apparently, another method for obtaining a rough surface should be chosen. The application of a bioactive coating of titanium dioxide TiO2 with the anatase structure to the surface of titanium endoprostheses increases the efficiency of fibrointegration, however, primarily the fibrointegration of titanium endoprostheses depends on their surface roughness, which determines the concentration of cell structures, the intensity of their adhesion and the ability to fibrointegrative process.


Biomedical documents raise a number of challenges for document image understanding research. In fact, this kind of documents demands to go beyond a geometric-based mapping of layout structures into logical structures and to add semantics to the complex process of document image understanding. On the other hand, processing of the huge amount of available biomedical documents requires the use of the automatic functionalities that are peculiar of machine learning techniques. In this paper we propose a hybrid strategy that enriches the layout-based approach to document image understanding with textual-based features. The proposed solution has been implemented in a new version of the DIAR system WISDOM++, that encapsulates a SVM algorithm for automatic text classification. We report an application of the improved version of the system to a specific dataset of biomedical documents reporting studies on mitochondrial diseases associated to mtDNA mutations.


The paper describes a method of examining the stability of linear systems which is based on a conformal transformation of the system equation and the application of Cauchy's principle of the argument. The method requires only the use of operational amplifiers of a repetitive analyzer and it has a number of important advantages over other methods which use analog-computing equipment. Using a very simple transformation, it is possible with this method to examine the stability of linear systems as well as to determine the damping constant. The results can be viewed directly on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.


Seizures are often the first sign of neurological disease or dysfunction in the human newborn. Their clinical manifestation however, is often subtle, which tends to hinder their diagnosis. This represents an undesireable situation since the failure to quickly and accurately diagnose seizure can lead to long term brain injury or even death. In this paper, the problem of automatic seizure detection in the newborn based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) is considered. It is shown that good detection performance of electrographic seizure, which is the manifestation of seizure within the EEG, is possible using a new approach which is based on a model for the generation of the EEG. This model is derived from the histology and biophysics of a localized portion of the brain and is thus physically motivated. The model for EEG seizure is first presented along with an estimator for the model parameters. Then a seizure detection scheme based on the model parameter estimates is suggested. The method is then used to detect seizure in both simulated and real newborn EEG data. This approach gives superior performance over conventional classification approaches which rely on training data to produce observable test statistics. This is because, in general, trained classifiers are particularly susceptible to the extreme variability of the EEG over time as well as from patient to patient.


We present a stochastic model of the lymphocyte recruitment in inflammed brain microvessels. We rely on stochastic process algebras for mobile systems. The automatic tool used in the simulation is the biochemical stochastic π-calculus (BioSpi). We show that the model predicts the experimental adhesion probability of the lymphocytes as a function of contact time of the cells with endothelium.


The public principle (swe: offentlighetsprincipen) is a fundamental prerequisite for the Swedish democratic rule of law, which guarantees everyone's right to access public documents (swe: allmanna handlingar). One of the exceptions to what is classified as public documents is memos (swe: minnesanteckningar). The purpose of this essay is to discuss and examine the boundaries between public documents and memos, to see if there are any clear guidelines. Through studying of the historical development and the legal motives for today's legislation, Swedish law is compared with the Danish, Norwegian and Finnish law to see which similarities there are in the legislation. Sweden's legislation has been characterized by constitutional protection for 250 years, while Norway and Finland have only protected the public principle itself in their constitutions and Denmark has chosen to let the public principle be regulated entirely by ordinary law.

Sweden's legislation is generally well-balanced, although it is difficult to find clear guidelines, more than those found in the law, for when a memo turns into a public document. Compared to the other countries, Sweden's public principle is more far-reaching, with fewer exceptions for what can be considered a memo.
Sweden's legislation is generally well-balanced, although it is difficult to find clear guidelines, more than those in the law, for when a memo turns into a public document. Compared to the other countries, Sweden's public principle is more far-reaching, with fewer exceptions for what can be considered a memo.


General comments Martin et al. promise a study regarding the multi-constellation GNSS interferometry for soil moisture retrievals. The study does not live up to its title, since in fact, multiple single constellations are analyzed, yet there is no integra-tion of data from the different constellations. Because of this, the current study merely seems a replication of a well-known methodology with little novelty. As expected, the authors do indeed show reasonable agreement between soil moisture estimated from GNSS interferometry and in situ measurements. I found the paper poorly structured, the statistical analysis incomplete, and the discussion lacking depth. The findings of this study are at best incremental.


The invention relates to a process for obtaining chondroitin sodium sulphate from cartilaginous bodies of avian origin and a preparation of chondroitin sulfate sodium.


abstractnonlinear control strategy to improve the transient stability of AC / DC systems is presented. On the basis of establishing an observation decoupled state space model of multi-machine power systems, and applying the theory of optimal variable aim control (OVAC), a comprehensive nonlinear control strategy for HVDC and generator excitation is deduced. The control strategy is easy to be implemented because it needs only local information, driving system states firstly to an artificial medial equilibrium point and secondly to a desirable equilibrium point. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve transient stability of AC / DC systems obviously.


A novel and facile strategy for the preparation of a monolithic Ag–CeO2 composite is reported. Here, nanoporous Ag–CeO2 ribbons are successfully prepared through dealloying melt-spun Al79.5Ag20Ce0.5 alloy in a 5 wt% NaOH aqueous solution, followed by calcining in air. The Ag–CeO2 ribbons with a homogeneous pore/grain structure are thermally stable up to 973 K because of the formation of Ag cores and CeO2 shells. Uniform CeO2 particles with lengths of about 5 nm are dispersedly loaded on the fine Ag grains of the porous structure. The Raman spectra show that a larger number of oxygen vacancies are formed in the CeO2 nanoparticles with an increase of the calcination temperature. The electrochemical tests reveal that the nanoporous Ag–CeO2 catalyst exhibits an enhanced activity toward the direct oxidation of sodium borohydride. The superior catalytic activity is attributed to the enhancement of the interfacial interaction between Ag and CeO2. The present work opens up a novel method to prepare metal–CeO2 nanocomposites with high catalytic performance and low cost.


We explore how and under what conditions venture capital (VC) funding affects a new venture's propensity to generate novel innovations. Drawing on behavioral agency perspective, we suggest that ven...


The Ds: Sharp economic downturns follow banking crises; with government revenues falling, fiscal deficits worsen; deficits lead to debt; as debts pile up rating downgrades follow. For the most fortunate countries it does not end in default.


Although knowledge of sediment transport has improved over the last 25 years, our understanding of bedload transfer and sediment delivery is still based on a limited set of observations or on models that make assumptions on hydraulic and sediment transport processes. This study utilises repeat lidar survey data of the River Caldew above the City of Carlisle in the UK to investigate the balance of erosion and deposition associated with channel switching from an engineered and managed single thread channel to a naturalising incipient wandering system. Over the 11-year survey period (four bankfull flood events) around 271,000 m3 of sediment were delivered to the river and floodplain and 197,000 m3 eroded suggesting that storage rates of around 7000 m3/annum occurred. The balance of erosion and deposition is influenced by channelisation with very restricted overbank sedimentation and only limited local and transient in-channel bar deposition along the engineered reach (8000 m3 eroded). This contrasts with the activity of the naturalising reach downstream where a developing wandering channel system is acting to store coarse sediment in-stream as large bar complexes and the associated upstream aggrading plane bed reaches and overbank as splay deposits (87,000 m3 stored). Such behavior suggests that naturalisation of channelised systems upstream of flood vulnerable urban areas can have a significant impact on sediment induced flooding downstream. This conclusion must, however, be moderated in the light of the relatively small volumes of material needed to instigate local aggradation in over-capacity urban channels.


With the development of social network service,mining and analyzing data from SNS is becoming an active area of science.In micro blog,the user ranking is based on the number of fans,but it is not very fair.In this paper,propose a new ranking algorithm based on web PageRank,in which use the data from Sina Weibo to yield a graph with nodes and edges.Then build a transition probability matrix to compute every user's PageRank.This algorithm can make the user ranking more fair and more closely to reflect the reality.The experiments are conducted in cloud,which present a new ranking result and the algorithm has some practical value,comparing with the follower ranking.


How a community group in New South Wales, Australia, provided a link between local community and regional television industry personnel, to articulate and resolve issues relating to children and television, is the focus of this paper. Initiated by a regional television station, the community group provided advice and assistance on matters relating to childrens' television, particularly in terms of meeting the requirements of recent legislation which called for all commercial television stations in Australia to broadcast programs specifically oriented to children, between the ages of six and fourteen, for one hour per day. Activities of the group are listed and its impact over a 10 year period is briefly assessed.


Distance Based (DB) Regression and Discrimination methods, proposed by Cuadras, give statistical predictions by exploiting geometrical properties of a Euclidean representation obtained from distances between observations. They are adequate to deal with mixed variables.
Choice of a suitable distance function is a critical step. Some "standard" functions, however, fit a wide range of problems, and particularly the Absolute Value distance.
This is explained showing that for �n� equidistant points on the real line, elements in the �j�-th row of the principal coordinate matrix are values of a �j�-th degree polynomial function. For arbitrary one-dimensional sets of points a qualitatively analogous result holds.
Using results from the theory of random processes, a sequence of random variables is obtained from a continuous uniform distribution on the (0, 1) interval. Their properties show that they deserve the name of "Principal Coordinates". The DB prediction scheme in this case provides a goodness-of-fit measuring technique.
DB discriminant functions are evaluated from distances between observations. They have a simple geometrical interpretation in the Euclidean representation of data.
For parametric models, distances can be derived from the Differential Geometry of the parametric manifold. Several DB discriminant functions are computed using this approach. In particular, for multinomial variables they coincide with the classic Pearson�s Chi Square statistic, and for Normal variables, Fisher's linear discriminant function is obtained.
A distance between populations generalizing Mahalanobis' is obtained as a Jensen difference from distances between observations. It can be interpreted in terms of the Euclidean representation. Using Multidimensional Scaling, it originates a Euclidean representation of populations which generalizes the classical Canonical Analysis.
Several issues concerning implementation of DB algorithms are discussed, specially difficulties related to the huge dimension of objects involved.


To the Editor:— Is there really a "recto-cerebral reflex," as many of us have been taught? Is it really dangerous to distend manually the rectal sphincter of a patient with raised intracranial pressure for fear of causing an even further rise? No one will ever know how many rectal carcinomas have gone undetected (oft times when their detection would have helped to clarify the possibly metastatic cause of the raised intracranial pressure) or how much human suffering has been prolonged by the possibly unnecessary withholding of manual fecal disimpaction. Certainly the dangers of administering enemas to patients with raised intracranial pressure are well documented and are well known to physicians and nurses alike. 1,2 Distending the colon with fluid compresses abdominal veins and raises their intraluminal pressure. This pressure is in turn transmitted via paravertebral veins to the intrathecal space, causing a sharp rise in intracranial pressure. Manually compressing the


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between students' motivation for participating in leisure sports, students' physical self-concept and the life satisfaction of university students. A total of 419 students were finally analyzed using the convenience sampling method of non-random sampling method after selecting those university students participating in leisure sports at a university located in J district. The results of analysis using SPSS version 21.0 program are as follows. First, there is a positive (+) correlation between the motives of participation of university students and their physical self-concept and satisfaction with university life. Second, the influence of the motive to participate in sports has a positive (+) effect on sports competence and this is affected by health fitness and social interaction, physical activity is affected by pleasure, health fitness, and conditioning, self-esteem, muscular strength is affected by pleasure, health fitness, condition, and society, flexibility is affected by pleasure, health fitness, and society. Third, the influence of participation motive had a positive (+) effect on school satisfaction is affected by pleasure, health fitness, physical condition, external display, socialization, and fellow satisfaction is effected by pleasure and condition.


A list of mulberry pests (Moraceae, Morus L.) recorded in Azerbaijan is presented. The pest complex includes 70 species. In the taxonomic structure of the pest complex the largest number of species belongs to the representatives of the class Arachnida (26 species), of which 18 species (27.8.0%) belong to Mesostigmata and 8 species (11.1%) to Trombidiformes. Representatives of the class Insecta are distributed as follows: 10 (13.9%) species to order Coleoptera, 26 species (36.1%) species to Hemiptera, 7 (9.7%) species to Lepidoptera. 1 species recorded (1.4%) belongs to the class Gastropoda of the phylum Mollusca. As a result of the research, 5 new species of adventive mulberry pests were recorded for the first time in Azerbaijan, all of them belong to different families of the order Hemiptera: Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), Coccidae — Indian wax scale; Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898), Ricaniidae — leafhopper butterfly,Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830), Flatidae — white cicada, Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana, 1911), Aleyrodidae aucuba whitefly, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), Pentatomidae — brown marmorated stink bug. The article provides a map of the collection areas, which was compiled using the Arc Map 10.5 (2020) program.


Abstract : The Special Operations Command forces of the United States are fully capable of conducting hostage rescue operations with a reasonable chance of success; however, the National Command Authorities are reluctant to implement this aspect of our strategy by committing them in this role. A review of the history of combat rescue operations by the United States indicates an invariable lack of success. Yet, other countries have achieved great accomplishments in similar hostage situations. Even though other countries and police departments within the United States routinely do so, our policy does not allow for negotiation with terrorists. This leaves us with no response to terrorism. If the United States is to deter terrorists from taking our citizens prisoner, we have two choices. The National Command Authorities must be prepared either to commit our counterterrorist forces to retrieve hostages or we must be willing to negotiate with terrorists to gain the release of those who have been kidnaped. Both of these options have produced good results when used by others; we should be prepared to do the same.


Per Jorgensen: Danish national identity and the media at the Olympic Games 1908-1960 It has often been said that sport, and not least soccer, plays an important role in the construction of national identity. This is also the case in Denmark. This paper examines how the subject of Danish national consciousness, national feelings and nationalism, in the article collectively called »Danishness«, was culturally expressed through sport journalism in the period 1908-1960. The subject matter is the soccer- tournaments in those specific Olympic Games where Denmark took part. The discourse of the sport journalism in the paper »Politiken« has been hermeneutically analyzed. Research on how nationalism is expressed in one country requires international comparisons to allow theoretical generalizations. Therefore a minor study of the sport journalism of the Swedish newspaper »Dagens Nyheter« has been carried out regarding selected soccer-matches with Swedish participation in the Olympic Games in 1912, 1948 and 1952. Many of the characteristics of present day society referred to as »Danishness« are also explicit in the period 1908-1960 in the newspaper »Politiken«. A comparison between »Politiken« and »Dagens Nyheter« seems to show that the Danish discourse has distinctively Danish characteristics.


Spatial terahertz wave modulators that can arbitrarily tailor the electromagnetic wavefront are in high demand in nondestructive inspections and high-capacity wireless communications. Here, we propose a liquid crystal integrated metadevice. It modulates the terahertz wave based on the adjustable electromagnetically induced transparency analog when spatially changing the environmental refractive index. The functions of the device can be arbitrarily programmed via photo-reorienting the directors of liquid crystals with a digital micromirror device-based exposing system. The thin liquid crystal layer can be further driven by an electric field, and thus the function can be rapidly switched. Amplitude modulation and the lens effect are demonstrated with modulation depths over 50% at 0.94 THz.


Superheaters (SH) and reheaters (RH) in modern supercritical (SC) and ultrasupercritical (USC) coal-fired steam power plants operate with maximum steam temperatures between 580 and 620°C and pressures up to 28 MPa. A single unit can contain miles of tubing, therefore the formation (growth) of steam-grown oxide scales on the inside of this tubing and the potential for these scales to exfoliate during operation can have a significant impact on plant operations. In 2012, National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) held a joint workshop to review recent experience in the practical management of exfoliation, progress in understanding the phenomenon, and development of models intended to provide the basis for improved approaches. This article briefly describes some of the characteristics of oxide growth and exfoliation, the impact of these oxides in modern power plants, and highlights findings from the workshop and requirements for additional research. Oxide growth


The effects of fertilizer application depth on the dry weight of root system after anthesis in dry land wheat have been studied in soil column. The results showed: fertilizer was applied in the depth of 20 cm~40 cm, the weight and the ratio of root system in middle and lower depth increased,and the 1000 grains weight increased,and the spike number and the grain number per spike remained stable, the ratio of grain yield coming from the photosynthetic organ transported after anthesis increased, thus the grain yield increased. And a comparison fest showed that the fertilizer application in the depth of 20 cm~20 cm had opposite results. So the depth of 20 cm~40 cm of fertilizer is the optimal depth to gain high yield and high efficiency, end and this technology of fertilizer application should be spread in dryland wheat.


Wireless Sensor Networks in real world context are per se error-prone; motes can be lost, destroyed, corrupted, or stolen. Some scenarios demand a high level of confidentiality and integrity so that an attacker cannot access or alter the secret data. Other setups may require a high level of redundancy so that data from many motes can be recovered by only collecting a few. In this paper we show how both can be achieved at the same time by designing a protocol based on Shamir's Secret Sharing, symmetric ciphers, and Message Authentication Codes to distribute, encrypt, and authenticate the data. Our implementation RAIM supports the whole bandwidth from full redundancy to full confidentiality. RAIM is the first security implementation for Contiki OS, which uses secret sharing techniques. It has been deployed on physical motes, where its real world energy consumption and throughput has been measured. In addition to real world experiments, we provide a simulation to evaluate all possible configurations.


Current standardization efforts for cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems both in the U.S. and Europe foresee vehicles to use a large number of changeable pseudonyms for privacy protection. Provisioning and storage of these pseudonyms require efficient and secure mechanisms to prevent malicious use of pseudonyms. In this paper we investigate several techniques to improve secure and efficient storage of pseudonyms. Specifically, we propose schemes based on Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) that allow to replace expensive secure key storage by regular unsecured memory and still provide fully secure pseudonyms storage.


This research sought to understand the relationship between the position of the central actor and the performance of a network, checking the influence of the central actor's performance over other actors. Among the specific objectives, we sought to describe the transactional content, the nature of the connections and the structural characteristics of the network. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed with the help of software UCINET 6.0 and Excel. The results suggest that the performance of the actors with the highest levels of centrality is related to the performance of the actors of the 1st step of sub-networks of these central actors.


A concept of a steady state tokamak fusion reactor based on the bootstrap current is presented. Operation at high poloidal beta (βp ≥ 2.0) and high q (4–5) with a relatively small limit on ∈βp (< 0.5) makes it possible to drive a bootstrap current constituting up to 70% of the total plasma current without exceeding the Troyon beta limit. The rest of the plasma current can be driven by the high energy neutral beam with an energy multiplication factor Q of 30. Energy confinement scaling laws predict that the reactor condition is attainable by increasing the major radius up to 9 m in such a high βp and high q plasma at a relatively low plasma current (12 MA) with a confinement enhancement factor of 2 compared with the L-mode scaling. This reactor has a reasonable size (Vp = 1500 m3) and fusion output power (2.5 GW) and is consistent with present knowledge regarding tokamak plasma physics, namely the Troyon limit, the energy confinement scalings, the bootstrap current and the current drive efficiency (neutral beam current drive with a total power of 70 MW and a beam energy of 1 MeV) with good prospects for the formation of a cold and dense divertor plasma.


It has long been an important issue in various disciplines to examine massive multidimensional data superimposed by a high level of noises and interferences by extracting the embedded multi-way factors. With the quick increases of data scales and dimensions in the big data era, research challenges arise in order to (1) reflect the dynamics of large tensors while introducing no significant distortions in the factorization procedure and (2) handle influences of the noises in sophisticated applications. A hierarchical parallel processing framework over a GPU cluster, namely H-PARAFAC, has been developed to enable scalable factorization of large tensors upon a "divide-and-conquer" theory for Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC). The H-PARAFAC framework incorporates a coarse-grained model for coordinating the processing of sub-tensors and a fine-grained parallel model for computing each sub-tensor and fusing sub-factors. Experimental results indicate that (1) the proposed method breaks the limitation on the scale of multidimensional data to be factorized and dramatically outperforms the traditional counterparts in terms of both scalability and efficiency, e.g., the runtime increases in the order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^2$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-2613054.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> when the data volume increases in the order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^3$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq2-2613054.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>, (2) H-PARAFAC has potentials in refraining the influences of significant noises, and (3) H-PARAFAC is far superior to the conventional window-based counterparts in preserving the features of multiple modes of large tensors.


Temperatures within polystyrene, paper, and wooden nests of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), were monitored during incubation at 30.0 °C. In the polystyrene and paper nests, temperatures began to increase 10 d after the start of incubation and continued to rise until adults emerged. Temperatures reached 35.1 °C In the polystyrene and 37.2 °C in the paper, while the wood nests never exceeded 30.6 °C. Compared with air temperature degree-days, cells in the center of the polystyrene nests accumulated up to 28 more degree-days after 20 d, whereas those in the paper accumulated 32 more degree-days. In polystyrene nests, heat units increased toward the center holes, reaching a maximum at the fifth row toward the center. Emergence was also monitored from polystyrene blocks, wooden boards, and loose cells. Females emerged 2.1 d later from polystyrene blocks compared with wooden boards and the emergence period was lengthened by 2.5 d. Because of the increased temperatures and the prolonged emergence period experienced with these materials, we recommend that filled polystyrene and paper nests not be incubated but be stripped of their cocoons as they were designed.


Theoretical cycle performances of mixture refrigerant R32/R134a and pure R22 are analyzed. The experimental study on a novel air source heat pump system with altering concentration of mixture refrigerant is carried out by using pure R22 and mixture R32/R134a respectively. By comparison with using pure R22, the mixture refrigerant R32/R134a has better capacity adjustment performances.


Over the last 30 or more years evidence has accumulated in favour of the view that memory is not a unitary faculty; rather, it can be subdivided into a number of functionally independent subsystems. Whilst dividing memory phenomena into these distinct subsystems has undoubtedly advanced our understanding of memory as a whole, the approach of studying subsystems in isolation fails to address potential interactions between them. Over the last few decades there has been a gradual increase in the number of studies attempting to move beyond dissociation by characterising functional interactions between subsystems of memory. The main aim of this thesis was to contribute to this endeavour, by examining interactions between two specific subsystems that are positioned on opposite sides of the declarative and non-declarative divide in long-term memory: priming and episodic recognition. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were employed to monitor neural markers of repetition priming and episodic memory during recognition tests with masked priming of test cues. In the standard procedure, half of the studied and unstudied test trials began with a brief (48ms) masked repetition of the to-be-recognized word prior to the onset of test items; the remaining unprimed trials were preceded by the word "blank". The pattern of priming effects across experiments was reasonably consistent, with differences between experiments directly related to the intended manipulations. In contrast to priming effects, the pattern of memory effects was variable across experiments, demonstrating that the engagement of explicit recognition signals is influenced by the outcome of implicit processing, and suggesting that interactions between priming and explicit retrieval processes do occur. Taken together, results from experiments reported in this thesis indicate (1) that under certain circumstances, priming is sufficient to support accurate recognition and does not necessitate changes in memory performance, (2) that mid-frontal old/new effects indexing familiarity are not merely driven by repeated access to semantic information, and (3) that priming influences neural correlates of recollection by speeding their onset. Overall, the data clearly demonstrate that there are multiple potentially interacting routes to recognition.


Introduction: The optimal treatment of patients with a displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture remains controversial. We utilised a national database of Medicare patients to determine if there was any difference in complications and reoperation rate of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA) for femoral neck fractures. Methods: This study utilised the PearlDiver Patient Records Database, a national for-fee database of Medicare patient procedure and diagnosis records from 2005 to 2012. Outcome procedures and diagnoses including revision, dislocation, infection, and cardiovascular events that occurred during the study time period were also identified over the entire study period as well as 90 days and 2 years. Results: We identified 275,439 patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent HA and 26,017 patients who underwent THA, respectively. Patients undergoing HA had significantly lower rates (p < 0.0001) of revision 2.48% versus 3.85% (OR = 0.633; 95% CI, 0.592–0.678), dislocation 1.76% versus 3.39% (0.512; 0.476–0.551), infection 3.44% versus 4.87% (0.694; 0.657–0.737). There was no statistical significant difference in 2-year cardiac morbidity (p = 0.252). However, when controlling for age, patients 65–69 years showed no significant difference in infection or revision over the study period or at 2 years. Conclusions: In this study, patients who underwent THA for femoral neck fractures had a higher rate of dislocations, infections and increased rates of repeat surgery than those who underwent HA but this difference was not significant in patients 65–69 years. Hemiarthroplasty may result in fewer complications in older Medicare patients although this difference may not be present in younger Medicare patients.


This study investigated how process conditions affect the digestibility of pea starch from pea starch powder (PSP). The factors considered were resistant starch (RS), slow digestible starch (SDS) and rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content. The examined five process factors were: material/water ratio, cooking temperature, cooking time, soaking time, and heat dehydration time. Changes in process conditions mainly altered the content of RS and SDS. Analysis with Sephadex G-200 chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry revealed that RS was mainly from retrograded amylose and amylopectin, while SDS and RDS were mainly derived from amylopectin.


The occasion of the almost-centennial of PIARC and the 23rd World Road Congress offers an appropriate time for considering the role of engineers in the process of highway construction, administration and policy. The Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) in the United States demonstrated that technical leadership in highways could be translated into authority in the policy arena. The paper first examines how this happened, highlighting an attitude of public trust in objective expertise as ideal decision makers and a cooperative administrative style. Underlying both was a deep rooted public enthusiasm and excitement for automobiles. The paper then compares the role of engineers in highway policy in several European countries, finding parallels that grew in part from the transfer of American approaches to highway and traffic engineering after World War II. Agents of diffusion included the BPR, Yale's Bureau of Street Traffic Research, and the International Road Federation. But this trust in highway engineers was undermined by changing conditions that forced roads to be seen as more than movers of vehicles. By the late 1960s highway engineers were losing authority, while as planners, transportation economists, and other social scientists entered or forced their way into the process of determining highway policy. This paper reviews the shifting roles of highway engineers in the highway policy arena after 1900, emphasizing how expertise granted authority in the realm of policy and administration. The paper initially devotes attention to the American Bureau of Public Roads, but for purposes of comparison it also examines in less detail the place of engineers and experts in developing highway agencies and road policy in European countries. There is a surprising level of consistency among road building bureaucracies, both in terms of the emergence of public support for engineers as apolitical experts and then of the erosion and loss of that public trust in the 1960s and 1970s. For the covering abstract see ITRD E139491.


Starting from the matrix elements of a nucleon-nucleon potential operator provided in a basis of spherical harmonic oscillator functions, we present an algorithm for expressing a given potential operator in terms of irreducible tensors of the SU(3) and SU(2) groups. Further, we introduce a GPU-based implementation of the latter and investigate its performance compared with a CPU-based version of the same. We find that the CUDA implementation delivers speedups of 2.27x – 5.93x.


Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Guilu Tiaojing Decoction for poor ovary reserve function.Methods:64 patients with poor ovary reserve function were selected.They were treated with Guilu Tiaojing Decoction in the continual 3 months without stopping in the menstruation period in order to observe the clinical effects.Results:After three months treatment,20 patients were cured,32 were improved,and 12 were non-effective.The total effective rate was 81.25%,and the pregnant rate was 35.7%.Conclusion:Guilu Tiaojing Decoction is effective for treating poor ovary reserve function.


As a network that judges according to semantics, semantic web relies on ontology to summarize and structure the domain situation to a great extent. The application of modern distance education technology to adult English teaching can further promote the reform and development of adult English teaching and improve the efficiency of adult English teaching. Compared with traditional teaching methods, it has its advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. Applying semantic web and ontology technology to the distance education system will make the existing distance education system semantic, and the system can have better communication with students, to a certain extent, improve students' learning efficiency and promote students' learning enthusiasm. The construction of adult English teaching mode based on modern educational technology of semantic web can change the traditional computer-aided adult English teaching mode and promote the reform of adult English teaching.


In this work we propose a new Eulerian method for handling the dynamics of a liquid and its surface attributes (for example its color). Our approach is based on a new method for interface advection that we term the Marker Level Set (MLS). The MLS method uses surface markers and a level set for tracking the surface of the liquid, yielding more efficient and accurate results than popular methods like the Particle Level Set method (PLS). Another novelty is that the surface markers allow the MLS to handle non‐diffusively surface texture advection, a rare capability in the realm of Eulerian simulation of liquids. We present several simulations of the dynamical evolution of liquids and their surface textures.


In the worldwide context of distribution networks, Distribution System Operators (DSOs) are abandoning traditional passive control philosophies to adopt innovative management strategies due to the in- creasing penetration of Distributed Generators (DGs) connected to existing radial networks. Dedicated State Estimation (SE) algorithms for the real time identification of the overall system operational state have been introduced to achieve an effective monitoring of the network. Furthermore, on-line applications would prompt DSOs to require fast methods for properly select- ing the optimized voltage measurements set among all the installed ones. These procedures, fixing a target on the accepted accuracy level, would provide considerable cost reductions of remote measurements signal transmission, depending upon specific network working conditions or topologies. An innovative method to assess the optimal location of remote measurements aiming to reduce the number of required on-line voltage measurements has been developed and tested. The procedure involves the definition of a novel suitable parameter named "variance moment" and the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs).


In this article Helen Grime examines the enduring epithet of ethereality and its persistent connection to the career of the actress Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies (1891–1992). Most closely associated with her portrayal of Etain in the much revived musical drama The Immortal Hour, ethereality is understood as a signifier of 1920s femininity. The offstage presentation of a domesticated femininity further evidences the apparent conventionality of this actress's self-presentation at a time of particular anxiety about the socio-political position of women. These notions of femininity hint at the prevailing social attitudes that confronted an actress whose on- and offstage appearances were subject to public scrutiny while her private lesbian identity remained obscured. It is suggested, however, that Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies's playful negotiation of her demonstrably fragmented identity evidences an agency and self-possession belied by her public conformity. Helen Grime completed her thesis, A Strange Omission: Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies, Twentieth-Century Shakespearean Actress, in 2008 and is currently a Lecturer in Drama at the University of Winchester.


Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer used widely in modern nutrition. The current research aimed at studying the protective effect of Crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L., on MSG-induced cardiotoxicity on male albino rats. The study was performed on 50 adult male albino rats randomly and equally divided into five groups: negative control, vehicle control (received 1 ml saline/day), crocin group (treated with 20 mg/Kg/day crocin dissolved in 1 ml saline), MSG group (received 3 g/Kg/day MSG dissolved in 1 ml saline) and MSG + crocin (treated with MSG and crocin in the same previously mentioned doses). All treatments were gavaged orally once daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that MSG exposure significantly increased total body weight and relative heart weight, serum interleukin (IL)-1β, creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), Troponin I (CTnI). Also, MSG exposure significantly decreased serum level of IL-10. Cardiac oxidative stress parameters showed elevated malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and depressed cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities. 8- hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased significantly in comparison to the control groups. And there was significant increase in caspase-3 gene expression. These results were supported by histological and immune-histochemical alterations in the heart of MSG-treated rats. Notably, all these changes were partially ameliorated in rats treated concomitantly with MSG and crocin. The results of the present study showed that crocin exerts protective effects against MSG-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.


Background Aggressive clinical and public health interventions have resulted in significant reduction in coronary artery disease (CAD) worldwide. However, South Asian Immigrants (SAIs) exhibit the higher prevalence of CAD and its risk factors as compared with other ethnic populations. The main objective of the current study is to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), its association with high density Lipoprotein (HDL) function, Apo lipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) polymorphisms, and sub-clinical CAD using common carotid intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) as a surrogate marker. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study on SAIs aged 35–65 years was conducted. Sub-clinical CAD was measured using CCA-IMT. Dysfunctional/pro-inflammatory (Dys-HDL) was determined using novel cell free assay and HDL inflammatory index. Results According to the International Diabetes Federation definition, MS prevalence was 29.7% in SAIs without CAD. 26% had HDL inflammatory index ≥1 suggesting Dys-HDL. Six novel APOA-1 gene polymorphisms were discovered and on logistic regression, three single nucleotide peptides-SNPs (G2, G3, and G5) were found to be significantly associated with MS (p=0.397, p=0.386, p=0.054). On multi-variate analysis, MS was significantly associated with BMI >23 (p=0.005), Apo-A-I levels (p=0.01), and Lp [a] (p<0.0001). Conclusion SAIs are known to be at a disproportionately high risk for CAD that may be attributed to a high burden for MS. There is need to explore and understand non-traditional risk factors with special focus to Dys-HDL, knowing that SAIs have low HDL levels. Large prospective studies are needed to further strengthen current study results.


Seeks to describe an operational model to examine food and food‐related activities. The basis is derived from classical management theory and the planning cycle of objectives, planning, organization, co‐ordination and control.


Flight delays often create exasperation in airports when not properly mobilized. Increasing development of machine learning models provoke the researchers and scientists to harness the modern research problems. Due to an increase in customer satisfaction in the air transportation system, there needs a proper decision-making process to mobilize the air-traffic with minimum delay. It is recorded that 19% of United States domestic flights reach their destination with an average delay of 15 minutes. Moreover, the complexity of the air transportation system limits the availability of accurate prediction models. Due to the stochastic nature of delays, this research investigates the qualitative prediction of airline delays to implement necessary changes and provide better customer experience. Collection of historical weather data and operational data during departure and arrival at airports serves as the source for building prediction models. A logistic regression model is used to get the status of the delay which is further contrasted to a decision tree model for evaluating the performance of the delay. The proposed research empirically evaluates the effectiveness of the decision tree algorithm over logistic regression. The results of this simulation indicate the potential delays in major airports including the time, day, weather, etc., and hence the volume of delay shall be minimum based on the constructed model.


Salt-ground meat from walleye pollack was heated at a specific temperature in the ranges of 40 and 70•Ž for 120 min, by applying Joule's heat. The quality of the heated gel thus formed was evaluated by measuring the gel strength and the amount of cross-linked myosin heavy chain formed. The quality was compared with that of heated gel formed by thermobath heating at 40, 50, and 60•Ž.The changes in temperature of the salt-ground meat during the courses of both heating methods was also investigated. It was found that the gel strength of the former remained at a rather low value and that cross-linked myosin heavy chain was hardly produced, whereas the gel strength of the latter increased to a high value and crosslinking of myosin heavy chain developed markedly. These results indicate that the gel formation of salt-ground meat strongly depends on the record of both the heating temperature and the period, regardless of the heating method.


Objective:Early magnetic resonance(MR)imaging of brainstem lesions after severe head injury were studied.The authors assessed the value of MR imaging in the early postinjury period.Methods:MR imaging was performed in 61 consective patients withis 7 days after they suffered a severehead injury.An initial computerized tomography(CT)scan had already been obtained.TO understand the clinical significance of the lesion whose orphological appearance was identified with MR imaging,brainstem function was assessed by registration of somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials.Results:brainstem lesion were visualized in 39 patients(64%).Bilateral Pontine lesion proved to be 100% fatal and nonbrainstem lesion carried a mortality rate of 9%.In singularcases circumstance allowed for a clear distinction between primary and secondary brainstem lesion.On MR inaging all lesion were hyper-and hypointense after intevals longer than 2 dys.Within shorter intervals(2 days)after the injury,primary lesions appeared isointense on MR imaging.Inone secondary brainstem lesion there were no traces of blood.Conclusion:Eerly MR imaging has great value on diagnosis of brainstem lesions.


Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing an imine (C
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="13.200000pt" height="16.000000pt" viewBox="0 0 13.200000 16.000000" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"><metadata>
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
</metadata><g transform="translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.017500,-0.017500)" fill="currentColor" stroke="none"><path d="M0 440 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z M0 280 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z"/></g></svg>
 N) bond such as benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles are important active pharmaceutical ingredients. The synthesis of 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazoles and 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields was achieved by reacting 2-aminoaromatics with various benzaldehyde derivatives catalysed by the commercial laccases Novoprime and Suberase® at room temperature and in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.


Microquasars with high-mass companion stars are promising very high energy (VHE; 0.1–100 TeV) gamma-ray emitters, but their behaviors above 10 TeV are poorly known. Using the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) observatory, we search for excess gamma-ray emission coincident with the positions of known high-mass microquasars (HMMQs). No significant emission is observed for LS 5039, Cyg X-1, Cyg X-3, and SS 433 with 1523 days of HAWC data. We set the most stringent limit above 10 TeV obtained to date on each individual source. Under the assumption that HMMQs produce gamma rays via a common mechanism, we have performed source-stacking searches, considering two different scenarios: (I) gamma-ray luminosity is a fraction ϵ γ of the microquasar jet luminosity, and (II) VHE gamma rays are produced by relativistic electrons upscattering the radiation field of the companion star in a magnetic field B. We obtain ϵ γ < 5.4 × 10−6 for scenario I, which tightly constrains models that suggest observable high-energy neutrino emission by HMMQs. In the case of scenario II, the nondetection of VHE gamma rays yields a strong magnetic field, which challenges synchrotron radiation as the dominant mechanism of the microquasar emission between 10 keV and 10 MeV.


Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is an important fruit crop with great commercial potential since the demand for both fresh fruit and processed juice for both local and export is on the increase. Like in other countries, passion fruit productivity in Kenya is low due to both biotic and abiotic constraints. Pest and diseases contribute largely to non-availability of clean planting material. Woodiness disease caused by viral pathogens is one of the most devastating diseases of passion fruit in the world. The disease results from synergistic interactions of potyviruses that are vectored by aphids. However, the distribution of the economically important pests for the crop is not well documented. Surveillance was carried out to establish the distribution of the pests in the major growing areas in Kenya between March and May, 2019. A total of 69 farms were sampled and 142 samples were collected. Most farmers (95%) prepared their own seeds for sowing from previous crops which they also shared amongst the neighbors. Passion fruit woodiness (PWD) was the major disease observed in most farms in Uasin Gishu, Marakwet, Nyamira and Kisii Counties. Majority of the farmers (75%) rated PWD as the major constraint to passion fruit production followed by Fusarium wilt. However, in Nyeri, Embu and Meru counties, farmers rated fusarium wilt as the major constraint followed by PWD. There was decrease in passion fruit production in all areas surveyed whereas in some Counties like Baringo, Nakuru and Migori had totally abandoned the production of this crop, mainly due to the devastation of PWD. Upto 46% of the samples tested positive for potyviruses. Elgeyo Markwet recorded the highest incidence potyviruses at 69% followed by UasinGishu at 68%. Bungoma County had the least potyviruses incidence at 17%. Fusarium sp and Colletotrichum spp were detected in 4 samples. Passion fruit farming has reduced due to biotic constraints mainly PWD and Fusarium sp. There is need for farmers to access and adopt use of certified seedlings in order increase productivity. Key words: Passion fruit (Passiflora spp), pests, surveillance, Distribution, Kenya


The light emitting tile improves the area comparison radiation and the light receiving efficiency by overlapping the sun generating part with the lighting-emitting area. The capacitor(120) of the electric double layer method is provided. The lighting-emitting area(140) of the sheet form radiates with the electricity supplied from the capacitor. The solar cell portion(150) comprises the first of the transparent plate shape and the second electrode. The first electrode is coated onto with the nano titania and dye. The second electrode is coated with catalyst. The electrolyte is injected between the first and the second electrode. The solar cell portion covers the front side of the lighting-emitting area. The circuit part(130) comprises the light emitting control circuit. The light emitting control circuit controls the ON / OFF of the lighting-emitting area. The housing accommodates the filler. The capacitor, the lighting-emitting area, and the solar cell portion and circuit part are mounted in the housing.


The invention discloses a rotating speed estimating method and computer-readable media using the same. The rotating speed estimating method is used for estimating the rotating speed of a motor device. The rotating speed estimating method comprises the steps of providing a first sampling signal and a second sampling signal firstly, then determining a first operation parameter according to the highest rotating speed of the motor device and the first sampling signal and determining a second operation parameter according to the highest rotating speed of the motor device and the second sampling signal, selecting the first sampling signal and the first operation parameter as the sampling signal and the operation parameter when rotating speed information of the motor device corresponds to a first rotating speed condition, selecting the second sampling signal and the second operation parameter as the sampling signal and the operation parameter respectively when the rotating speed information corresponds to a second rotating speed condition, carrying out sampling on phase-coded signals of the motor device by means of the sampling signal to obtain a sampling value, and finally obtaining a rotating speed estimating value according to the sampling value and the operation parameter.


The aim of the present investigation was to develop and optimize gastroretentive floating system of amoxicillin for the efficient treatment of peptic ulcer induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Floating microballoons were developed using central composite design (CCD), and optimization was done by employing response surface methodology. The selected independent variables were cellulose acetate phthalate, drug–Eudragit S100 ratio, and the ratio of dichloromethane/ethanol/isopropyl alcohol. The selected dependent variables were yield, mean particle size, buoyancy, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release within 8 h. A quadratic polynomial model was generated which had linear, interaction, and quadratic terms to predict and evaluate the independent variables with respect to the dependent variables. Results showed that selected independent variables significantly affect the yield (30.53–82.71%), particle size (31.62–47.03 μm), buoyancy (42.68–95.75%), encapsulation efficiency (56.96–93.13%), and cumulative drug release from the microballoons (34.01–74.65%). The interaction and quadratic terms were also found to affect the process variables. An excellent agreement was found between the actual value and predicted value. In conclusion, it can be said that CCD is a valuable second-degree design to develop and optimize GFS of amoxicillin which in turn provides a basis to localize the drug release in the gastric region for effective treatment of H. pylori-mediated infection.


【Objective】Transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis( Bt) toxins has been widely cultivated for a long period of time,therefore,there is the potential problem for cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera,to develop resistance to transgenic Bt cotton. Refuge was considered as an effective management for resistance control in China,maize as an important agent acting that role. So,the project aims to explore the function of maize through comparison of the difference about crops structure and agriculture system between reclamation and corresponding areas in Xinjiang.【Method】The changes of planting area of maize which had been considered as the main host used as refuge were evaluated in different areas( Northern Xinjiang,Southern Xinjiang,reclamation and corresponding areas) by two- way ANOVA based on date 2002- 2012. 【Result】Results showed that there had no significant differences existing in Northern and Southern Xinjiang( P 0. 05),but a crucial difference with the onset of planting maize appeared in reclamation and corresponding areas( P 0. 01).【Conclusion】It is remarkably important to consider planting scale,distributed space of maize,biologi-cal characteristics of cotton bollworm and sensitive cotton bollworm before chosing feasible germplasm and reasonable planting model of maize which might contribute to diluting and delaying the resistance by cotton bollworm,above all,this basic research would be likely to provide a solid evidence for the sustainable development of resistance on transgenic Bt cotton in Xinjiang Region.


In his essay 'Judaism and Christianity in the ideology and politics of National Socialism' Klaus Scholder outlined the basic principles of Hitler's world view and examined his perception of the relationship between Christianity and antisemitism. According to Hitler, there could be no doubt that Christian leaders, given the nature of their beliefs, should be active exponents of antisemitism. He revitalised the old motif of the Jews as 'Christ killers' and described Jesus as 'a leader of the people' who 'opposed Jewry'. Because of this he had been murdered on the initiative of the Jews and the Jew Paul 'refined, falsified and exploited the teaching of the Galilean for his own ends'.


Abstract The object of the research is a part "Flange half of differential case", which has complex shape of a housing. The subjects of the research are the processes of selection of analogue material, workpiece production method, and justification of the structural and technological parameters of a part, taking into account 3D-modeling of the structure, deformations, displacements, stresses, and safety factor. The selection of analogue material is connected with suspension of production of open-hearth steel grade Mst.6 GOST 380-50. The objectives of the work include juxtaposition of computer models of deformations, displacements, stresses, safety factors of the part made of different analogue materials; comparison of models according workpiece production methods with consideration of material utilization ratio, structural and technological features of resulting workpieces. For modelling we have chosen the several types of materials. Research on modelling processes was fulfilled by means of software of Kompasv17, Solid Works, Solid works simulation. Volumetric models of parts and workpieces for all studied materials have been created taking into account the deformations, displacements, stresses, and safety factor. There results of modelling of "Flange half of differential case" allowed us to make recommendations for production conditions. These recommendations include the use of steel 45 GOST 1050-2013 as analogue material, hot forging of a workpiece on a horizontal forging machine, creating of design and technological documentation for the manufacture of the part.


Titanium and titanium alloys have become very attractive biomaterials due to their good corrosion resistance, excellent biocompatibility and specific strength. However, the properties of pure titanium are not suitable for all purposes. Many titanium alloys have been developed to improve the strength, workability and castibility of pure titanium. In addition, the casting of pure titanium is difficult because it has a high melting temperature and high reactivity with oxygen and impurities at elevated temperatures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure, corrosion resistance, workability and, microhardness of a series of binary Ti-xCr alloys with Cr content ranging from 5 to 35 wt%. This study evaluated the precipitated phase and structure of Ti-xCr alloys using X-ray diffraction and optical microscope and scanning electron microscope for microstructure of the etched alloys. Workability was evaluated by measuring the surface condition after rolling. With 5 wt% Cr, β phase starts to be retained. The ω phase was found in the Ti-5Cr and Ti-10Cr alloys. The microhardness values and corrosion resistance of all the Ti-xCr alloys were significantly higher than that of pure Ti and the Ti-10Cr alloy had the highest microhardness and the best corrosion resistance due to ω phase. Ti-xCr alloys with addition of Cr up to 15wt% showed good workability.


Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety and clinical application of laparoscopic gynecologic emergent surgery.Methods The conventional three holes method was used to insert laparoscopic instruments under general anesthesia Appropriate surgical techniques were used according to different diseases,such as oviduct fenestration,salpingectomy,one side adnexectomy,partial excision of ovarian and abscess incision and drainage.Results All laparoscopic operations were successfully completed.The average operation time was(580.55 ± 24.23) min,with no postoperative complications.Conclusion Using laparoscopic surgery to cure gynecologic acute abdomen is safe,effective as well as fast,and could be promoted as a conventional surgery.


Many tourists are interested in locally beneficial experiences, which should afford opportunities for vulnerable individuals to earn their way out of poverty. However, host communities remain largely relegated to the role of passive tourees receiving only scraps from the tourism industry. This chapter introduces "People-First Tourism," a project that attempts to leverage information technology innovations and ubiquitous cell phones to provide micro-entrepreneurs with access to markets and to support peer networks, with two factors accounting for much of tourism's unfulfilled potential to enable dignified and sustainable rural livelihoods. The chapter reports the findings from fieldwork conducted in South Africa in January–February 2010, testing project validity with individuals from rural communities and with high-level tourism and telecom stakeholders.


Drawing on the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu, this study investigates the relationship between cultural capital and different forms of sport consumption by spectators of three different sports (N = 587). Main findings show a negative relationship between cultural capital and sport consumption, and a positive relationship between sport participation and sport consumption. The findings are partly at odds with previous studies, indicating a positive relationship between cultural capital and direct sport consumption. The findings are possibly explained by considering tastes as social communication in a society where mass consumption adds to the blurring of distinctive borders between different groups of social belongingness, involving the 'cultural omnivore' thesis.


Metacognition research has provided evidence for its beneficiary impacts on vocabulary, reading awareness, skills, comprehension, performance, and responsibility for learning. However, the realties between research and mainstream classrooms are not similar; students in mainstream classrooms may suffer from deficiency of metacognitive competencies for various reasons. The curriculum might be a potential reason for this problem. Therefore, via document analysis and thematic deductive coding, the national curriculum of Turkish language, specifically reading standards, were analysed to identify the place and weight of metacognition in this specific context. The analysis revealed that reading standards recognize metacognition and might help students develop metacognitive competencies to a limited extend. In its current form, standards can develop students' metacognitive knowledge about text structures, genre, mechanics, and language use and they can also help students' practice few planning strategies, couple of fix-up and/or comprehension strategies, and comprehension evaluation. Metacognitive experiences may provide students with opportunities to supplement limited metacognitive knowledge, regulation of strategies, and doing self-assessment by reasoning and/or critical thinking. It is important to revise the standards to include metacognitive knowledge about reading, self, strategies, and task and to have students practice self-assessment of reading process, effectiveness of strategies, reading products, and task completion or goal-achievement. It is also important for teacher education programs to include at least, elective classes for teaching metacognition, therefore, such standards can be realized, effectively.


Modular building has beinga national strategy to facilitate the development of economy and society in China. In order to control the quality of modular building, we introduce a set of scientific construction quality evaluation methodology modularto evaluate and control the quality. Hence, this report will point out a fuzzy evaluation model of modular integral construction quality based on the combination of OWA operator weights. The methods from a practical point of view, analyzes the construction quality of prefabricated construction, modular construction quality evaluation index system is established; in consideration of the modular construction of uncertainty. A combination OWA operator objective weighting method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combining, assembled monolithic construction quality of the final comprehensive evaluation values are obtained. Finally, by taking a project as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified.


The focus of the study was the development of a method to study the effect of blue-green alga toxins on the diel vertical migration of zooplankton. The usefulness of a high-frequency echo sounder to follow the diel movements of zooplankton was first tested in the field. Zooplankton were then placed in model lake systems (2.5 m high columns) in the laboratory. The echo sounder was modified to reduce the wave length of the sound output, thereby increasing the vertical resolution characteristics. Other modifications were also made to adapt the unit for use in these shallow systems. Maximum resolution was obtained by inter facing the sonar recorder with an oscilloscope so that the vertical position of individual zooplankton (Chaoborus and Daphnia) could be determined+ 2.5 cm in a 200 cm column of water. Studies were conducted to calibrate the position and width of sonar traces against visual counts of the vertical distribution of animals in the columns. A monitoring system was designed to automatically track the movements of populations of zooplankton at 15 minute characteristics the multiple artifacts sides column. doses may alter the timing and extent the vertical migration. Field Studies - Chaoborus Migrations in the Lake . Laboratory Studies - Testing of the Sonar Laboratory Studies - Diel Movements of Chaoborus Tests with Toxic Blue-green Algal Extract


Effects of environmental factors on stability of α- arbutin by detecting if there was hydroquinone produced in α- arbutin solution using high performance liquid chromatography was analyzed. Meanwhile,the difference of stability between α- arbutin and β- arbutin under separate basic environmental conditions was compared. Results showed that,up to temperature 100 ℃,α- arbutin remains stable; under pH of 1 and 13,α- arbutin becomes unstable,and under pH of nearby neutral condition,α- arbutin performs stable; light and ultraviolet irradiation have an impact on the stability of α- arbutin. Comparison between stability of two kinds of arbutin vs. pH and light factors,they perform the same stability test results; while under different temperature condition,β- arbutin performs unstable under 60 ℃.


Both parallel and distributed systems play a vital role in the improvement of high performance computing. A primary issue concerned with the performance of a parallel application executing on a distributed system is allocating the tasks of the application among the various processors in the system. As several conflicting factors influence the allocation strategy, it is necessary to account for multiple objectives. To handle the multi-objective task allocation problem, a Multi-objective Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimisation (MO-ANPSO) with non-dominated sorting is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is implemented and tested on a data set comprising several instances of task interaction graph that models the application. The results show that the proposed method obtains a set of optimal allocations with increased level of performance over the other PSO methods.


Rogue base station attack can compromise th e privacy of user equipment (UE) in LTE networks. To address th is issue, we propose a rogue base station identification proto col to protect UE privacy. Our protocol utilizes the mobile proper ty of the UE and is designed based on the observation that rogue base station can only cover a small area. We use the measurement s of UE in different locations to estimate the power and locati on of the base stations. The UE also tracks the signatures of each legitimate base station. If the base station is already verified b y the detection protocol, then the UE connects to the base station a ccording to LTE standard. For any new appearing base stations, it sends the power of the base station and the GPS location itsel f to a cloud server to verify the legitimacy of the base station . The cloud server maintains a database of real base stations. Our pro posed protocol does not need to change existing LTE standard and no base station modification is required. Our protocol is mplemented on NS3 LTE module and evaluated with various practical s ettings. The results indicate our protocol can ensure that t he UE can successfully detect rogue base stations and avoid s ending privacy data to rogue base station.


Y-rich yttrium iron garnet (Y-YIG) thin films were grown on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates using pulsed laser deposition from a ${\mathrm{YFeO}}_{3}$ target. The films are epitaxial on the substrate, and the unit cell of (001)- and (111)-oriented Y-YIG undergoes a tetragonal or rhombohedral distortion, respectively. The Y-YIG has lower room temperature magnetization but higher low-temperature magnetization than bulk YIG, and its Curie temperature was in the range of 330--400 K, depending on the growth conditions. First-principles calculations predict that ${\mathrm{Y}}_{\mathrm{Fe}}$ antisite defects are more stable in octahedral than tetrahedral Fe sites. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements together with a superexchange dilution model and composition determined from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that nonmagnetic species (${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$ and vacancies) are predominantly accommodated in the octahedral sites, but there is a significant occupancy of tetrahedral sites.


There is a very close relationship between education and the economic growth of modern nations.1 Most of us also accept the slogan that the real basis for social, economic, and political progress is the development of the skills, knowledge, and creative capacities of people. These, of course, are 'self-evident truths'. But by themselves, they really offer little practical justification for tangible investment in education projects.


Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are characterised by a tendency to metastasise widely, often while remaining occult. Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) from RCC may be the presenting feature of the disease or present at any time in the disease course. This case report discusses an ISCM from RCC which became manifested at the time of resection of the primary tumour. We review the literature published on ISCM from RCC from 1990 to date comparing disease characteristics and presentations.


An internal focusing ring for plasma etching is arranged at periphery of chip carrying table and has bottom surface and side surface. The included angle between bottom surface and inner side surface is not right angle and a deposition slot is arranged at the include angle position for increasing the contact surface between the resultant and internal focusing ring during etching.


Objective To study the expression characteristic of proteins from prM to E derived from JEV and the efficacy of DNA immunization by different recombinant plasmids containing JEV prME (2?001bp) and E ( 1?500bp ) genes respectively. Methods Two recombinants (pJME and pJE) containing JEV prME and E genes fused with FLAG were constructed and then transfected into HepG2 and COS 1 cells by lipsome fusion. The expression feature of FLAG prME (about 72kD) and FLAG E (about 54kD) proteins in transfected cells were analyzed by Western blot and two antibody systems (anti FLAG and anti E). BALB/c mice were immunized with 100μg of two kinds of recombinants by intramuscular (im) injection respectively. JEV JaGAr 01 strains (10 5PFU/100μl) were given to BALB/c mice by intraperioneal (ip) injection 3 weeks after twice DNA immunization by a lethal virus challenge. BALB/c mice were observed for 21 days after challenge. 80% plaque reduction neutralization test was performed to titrate neutralization antibody before and after viral challenge. Results The expression of proteins associated with pJME and pJE was determined in transfected cells with anti FLAG and then a new protein of 11kD was detected in HepG2 and COS 1 cells transfected with pJME. Only E (53kD) protein was identified as transfected with pJME using anti E. Higher level of neutralization antibodies and efficacy of protective immunity were induced with pJME immunization, and were similar to those induced with inactivated JE vaccine, but were better than those induced with pJE. Conclusion The expression level from prM to E proteins of JEV is different in vitro . The expression efficiency of pJME in vitro was better than that of pJE. FLAG prME protein expressed by pJME could be cleaved by peptidase from host factors. The efficacy of DNA immunization is correlated to the expression characterization of related proteins expressed in vitro . [


This study is dedicated to investigate WLAN throughput based on 802.11 data communication standard which employs 2.4GHz band, depending on its AP channels and density. In a space with high density of WLANs, throughput can be decreased due to radio wave interferences. In light of this fact, an experiment scenario has been created consisting of multiple WLANs where throughput can be measured with different combination of channels, consequently making it possible to determine more effective combination of channels. In parallel, throughput has been recorded with varying the number of APs installed within the experiment site to Fig. out the relationship between the number of APs and the throughput. According to the result of the measurement, channel 1, 5, 9, and 13 are suggested as more effective combination of channels, and declining throughput is shown as AP density increases.


Endothelial cells (EC) exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OS) experience oxidative stress as a signature of atherosclerosis. Conversely, unidirectional laminar shear stress (LS) reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent inflammatory responses. LS induces many protective genes via a shear‐sensitive antioxidant response element (ARE). We showed that the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX 1) is upregulated intracellularly by chronic LS, compared to OS and static (ST) culture. In addition, PRX 1‐knockdown attenuated LS‐dependent ROS reduction in EC. We hypothesize that shear‐dependent PRX 1 expression is regulated by ARE through the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Quantitative, real‐time PCR indicated that chronic LS increased PRX 1 mRNA, compared to OS and ST. Immunoblots also showed increased PRX 1 protein expression in response to Nrf2 adenovirus infection of EC. These results indicate that shear‐dependent PRX 1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, and Nrf2 may play an important role in this mechanism. Through this pathway, PRX 1 acts as a mechanosensitive antioxidant implementing anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherogenic effects of shear stress.


The Dutch decoy of the sixteenth century is described. It was a sophisticated device for catching ducks that depended, for its effectiveness, upon the mobbing response that swimming wildfowl show to mammalian predators such as dogs and foxes. A great decline in the use of decoys for obtaining dead ducks for market occurred during the last century; however, in 1907, a decoy in Denmark was used for the first time as a trap to catch birds in order to release them individually ringed. The majority of ducks ringed in Britain have been caught in decoys, starting at Orielton in 1934. The results obtained have been valuable, and our knowledge of wildfowl migrations would be far less advanced had decoys not been available.


"Tomorrow, the United States will join the Soviet Union and 33 other nations at a European disarmament conference in Stockholm. The Conference will search for practical and meaningful ways to increase European security and preserve peace. I believe that 1984 finds the United States in the strongest position in years to establish a constructive and realistic working relationship with the Soviet Union." (Address by President Ronald Reagan on January 16, 19841)


Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of group arts therapy based on emotion management training on emotional expression, positive emotion and negative emotion, alexithymia, depression and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Methods 24 of 160 in-patients with schizophrenia, according to DSM-IV from H Mental Health Hospital, were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Each group were consisting of 12 patients. Group arts therapy was conducted on the experimental group twice a week, 60 minutes per session, for a total of 16 sessions, while the control group was left untreated. The following scales were used for assessment: Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ), Positive Affective and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-Korean vesion (TAS-20K), Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (K-CDSS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS-R4K). Independent t-test was conducted to confirm the homogeneity, and to find the effects of group arts therapy, Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to confirm the differences for scores of each scales regarding groups, measuring timing, and also the interaction between groups and measuring timing by pre, post and follow-up test. Results The result of this study are as follows. First, total score, expressivity factors and impulse strength factors of emotional expressivity were significantly increased after group arts therapy compared to the control group. Second, positive emotion was significantly increased and negative emotion was significantly decreased after group integrative therapy compared to the control group. Third, total score, difficulty identifying feelings of Alexithymia were significantly decreased after group arts therapy compared to the control group. Fourth, depression was significantly decreased after group integrative arts therapy compared to the control group. Fifth, negative syndromes and general psychopathology were significantly decreased after group arts therapy compared to the control group. Sixth, quality of life was significantly increased after group arts therapy compared to the control group. Discussion The group arts therapy have significantly improved the emotional expression, positive emotion, negative emotion and Alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia and also improved negative syndromes, general psychopathology, depression and quality of life. These result suggest that group arts therapy based on emotion management training could be a useful intervention for emotional disturbance treatment for in patients with schizophrenia.


This paper presents design research speculating on new planning approaches for informal urban sites that enables coordinated planning to operate within the realm of spontaneous, bottom-up redevelopment. In opposition to the /tabula rasa/ Modernist development, this project reacts to the dynamic metabolism of the village and engages with the rapid turnover of the built environment of the village as a mechanism through which to implement incremental redevelopment. A radical reorientation of the object of masterplanning, this replaces the singular image or document as the guiding authority with a collection of opportunistic adaptations, temporal sequences, and localized procedures. Enabling this approach is a computational approach that analyzes the morphology of the public space network to identify opportunities to address issues in the composition of the village. A multiagent system driven by weighted random walks through the circulation network conducts local analyses of the urban fabric while changes are made and proposes potential modifications to discrete areas. The model simulates the potential for such a planning tool to be used over a long time span and updated with empirically gathered data, having the benefit of flexibility and resilience in the face of the changing and unregulated conditions in the context of informal urbanism.


Most outstanding constructions of the XXth Century were built in concrete. Some of these, due to their architectural, historical and/or cultural relevance, are part of the World's heritage. In order to preserve this legacy, interventions must be performed according to very strict restoration requirements. However, when referring to concrete, there is an almost generalized lack of concern relatively to this subject. The study described focuses on a wide spread repairing method of concrete structures, known as 'Patch Repair Method'. This method consists in removing deteriorated concrete from small areas and replacing it by repairing mortars. However, the Patch Repair Method cannot be used straight forward in concrete heritage since, besides durability, material compatibility and structural performance, it is also important to draw special attention to color and texture matching between the original concrete substrate and the repairing mortar. Tentative guidelines are provided relatively to the application of the Patch Repair Method to concrete heritage. A new method is presented, herein called 'Patch Restoration Method', covering the whole process, from assessment to intervention. It includes the following main steps: (i) evaluation of color and texture in the neighborhood of the area to be repaired using image processing; (ii) design and application of a customized repairing mortar, with specific color and texture requirements to match the substrate, also taking into account the effect of ageing; and (iii) monitoring the patch restoration, also using image processing. The method was first applied to mortars, designed and tested in laboratory, aiming to calibrate and validate it. Afterwards, a concrete heritage example was considered as case study—the buildings of the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon, Portugal—to test the method on site. Finally results are discussed, conclusions drawn, and tentative guidelines are proposed to apply the new 'Patch Restoration Method' in practice. ment corrosion; (2) restricted deformations, due to temperature variation and concrete shrinkage, leading to cracking; (3) humidity and pollution, resulting in stains and biological colonization. Generally, monitoring of structural integrity includes three different levels: (1) planned visual inspections, implemented periodically and in short periods of time; (2) non-destructive tests, complemented by laboratorial tests, allowing to characterize damages on structural elements; and (3) repairing and/or strengthening works, whenever necessary. All these steps were widely studied and published and, in several cases, standard documents were defined. Usually, when repairing tasks are required, a wide spread repairing method for concrete structures, known as 'Patch Repair Method', is applied.


Agriculture reservoirs need a systematic approach that can control water purity and water improvement. The area under study, Bunam Lake exceeds the agricultural water standard level due to contamination from the upper stream. When the Taean Enterprise City was planned, the water quality improvement plan was applied to minimize the environmental change. However, in order to continuously maintain the water quality in the Bunam Lake, it was essential to apply the Total Pollution Load Management System (TPLMs). In order to achieve the targeted water quality in the Bunam Lake, standard flow rates and targeted water quality levels were applied to obtain the loading capacity which is as follows : BOD 1,891.2 ㎏/d, T-N 1,945.7 ㎏/d, T-P 131.7 ㎏/d. Also, the regional development load was calculated as, BOD 1,083.6 ㎏/d, T-N 942.2 ㎏/d, T-P 61.8 ㎏/d, which is required to be deceased :- by BOD 378.4 ㎏/d, T-N 198.9 ㎏/d, T-P 31.6 ㎏/d in order to safely achieve the targeted water quality in the Bunam Lake.


Erosion of the volcanic ash at Par´icutin is proceeding at a rapid rate. Lowdermilk indicates how this takes place. Cutting is reported not only in the ash but also as extending downward into the original soil.

It is presumed that before the formation of the volcano the original soil was in balance with the rainfall. Hence, unless the land had been abused, not much erosion had taken place. Now, this older soil is being eroded despite a protective covering of ash.


A wideband switched beam beamforming network based on an 8£8 Butler matrix is designed. This structure is implemented in a multilayer microstrip slot technology that employs two dielectric layers with common ground plane and coupling slots. Elliptically shaped microstrip hybrids and phase shifters are adopted to realize the required wide bandwidth. The flnal design of the Butler matrix provides a compact and without any crossovers beamforming network. The Butler matrix outputs feed a tapered slot Vivaldi antenna array that provides operating bandwidth covering the whole desired frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6GHz.


This paper proposes a decentralized sliding mode control law for a class of large scale switching systems. It is assumed that some parts of the switching structures are fixed, and the design of the decentralized sliding mode control laws for the switching and fixed parts are carried out independently. The inclusion principle is developed so that one can expand a switching system, possibly performing sliding modes, into a higher dimensional switching system, design decentralized sliding mode controllers in the expanded space, then contract the solution for implementation on the original system. Some design issues, like connective reachability of the sliding manifold and the stability of the sliding mode equations in the expanded and original state spaces are examined. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the design methodology.


Who is the human that humanitarianism seeks to aid? Speaking of the failures of human rights in the post – Cold War era, Jacques Rancière asks: "What lies behind this strange shift from Man to Humanity and from Humanity to the Humanitarian?"1 Rancière's critique of human rights invites us to scrutinize who the subject of the rights of man is. But this is not quite the same as asking: Who is the human in human rights, and who is the human in humanity? Shifting the query in this direction might allow us to challenge, as Sylvia Wynter puts it, "our present ethnoclass (i.e., Western bourgeois) conception of the human, Man, which overrepresents itself as if it were the human itself," and on which the coloniality of power is based.2 Keith Watenpaugh's Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism tells a complicated story about the history of humanitarian aid in the Middle East and its entanglement with other ideologies in the interwar period. It makes important contributions by bringing the region into the larger history of humanitarianism and human rights and decentering the post – World War II and Holocaust. It might well be reframed as a history of US imperialism in the Middle East, with orientalist humanitarian narratives contributing to understandings of Muslim behavior as barbaric and the need for reform and civilization in the region. Watenpaugh's history raises some crucial questions: How does humanitarianism conceive of humanity? And how (and why) do we write its histories? Offering different narratives of the histories of humanitarianism — and the ways in which it constructs knowledge — allows us to better understand its present iterations and the myths it tells about itself. This nonWestern history of human rights as an ideology imbricated within humanitarian efforts also presents new ways of entering into the question of the human. Watenpaugh distinguishes what he calls modern humanitarianism from its predecessors, which sought to alleviate suffering based on sentimental appeals and were grounded in an ethics of Protestantism. Contra Hannah Arendt, who maintained that the reason for humanitarianism lay in the transfer of compassion to the generic stranger, he argues that "at the center of humanitarian reason is a project of unstrangering the object of humanitarianism . . . helping those found to be knowable, similar, and deserving."3 US humanitarianism in the Middle East sought to "unstranger" the other — to make them identifiable, familiar, and deserving, whether across lines of class, society, or religion, and to restore them to humanity, making their problems a problem for humanity (15 – 19). But does Watenpaugh's retelling of this history minimize the erasures and disastrous possibilities harbored in the act of unstrangering?


Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) may present variously in time, and AF may progress from self‐terminating to non‐self‐terminating AF, and is associated with impaired prognosis. However, predictors of AF types are largely unexplored. We investigate the clinical, biomarker, and genetic predictors of development of specific types of AF in a community‐based cohort. Methods We included 8042 individuals (319 with incident AF) of the PREVEND study. Types of AF were compared, and multivariate multinomial regression analysis determined associations with specific types of AF. Results Mean age was 48.5 ± 12.4 years and 50% were men. The types of incident AF were ascertained based on electrocardiograms; 103(32%) were classified as AF without 2‐year recurrence, 158(50%) as self‐terminating AF, and 58(18%) as non‐self‐terminating AF. With multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis, advancing age (P< 0.001 for all three types) was associated with all AF types, male sex was associated with AF without 2‐year recurrence and self‐terminating AF (P= 0.031 and P= 0.008, respectively). Increasing body mass index and MR‐proANP were associated with both self‐terminating (P= 0.009 and P< 0.001) and non‐self‐terminating AF (P= 0.003 and P< 0.001). The only predictor associated with solely self‐terminating AF is prescribed anti‐hypertensive treatment (P= 0.019). The following predictors were associated with non‐self‐terminating AF; lower heart rate (P= 0.018), lipid‐lowering treatment prescribed (P= 0.009), and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P= 0.006). Three known AF‐genetic variants (rs6666258, rs6817105, and rs10821415) were associated with self‐terminating AF. Conclusions We found clinical, biomarker and genetic predictors of specific types of incident AF in a community‐based cohort. The genetic background seems to play a more important role than modifiable risk factors in self‐terminating AF.


Declarative visualization is a paradigm which treats program visualization as a mapping from a program to an image. This paradigm is particularly suitable for the visualization of concurrent computations. A rule-based model for constructing declarative visualizations has been developed. The computational abilities of the model have been assessed, and by showing that these abilities are Turing-equivalent it is demonstrated that the model is capable of performing any computable mapping. The mappings are shown to be evaluable by fast parallel match algorithms similar to those used in production systems.
The analytic methodology of visualization uses program correctness properties to guide the development of visualizations. Application of the methodology to a number of case studies is demonstrated. The results indicate the effectiveness of the methodology and its applicability to concurrent computations.
To demonstrate the feasibility of the declarative model and provide a testbed for investigating both the model and the analytic methodology, a prototype declarative visualization system called Pavane was developed. Images from several Pavane program visualizations are shown. Although originally designed for program visualization, Pavane is also suitable for some limited types of scientific visualization, and images from several such applications are also shown.