The vast majority of empirical research on calendar anomalies has studied financial markets in countries where the Western calendar is used. This article investigates day of the week effects in Saudi Arabia's stock market, where an Islamic calendar is used and where Saturday is the first working day of the week over the sample period considered. The Saudi stock market is the largest in the Gulf region, and we consider both total market data (the TASI index) and data for 15 sector indices. Our investigation reveals the existence of a positive Saturday effect, which contrasts with the results on first day of the week effects that are typically obtained for Western calendar markets.


Red dragon fruit contains anthocyanins which act as natural dyes with a purplish red color. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of red dragon fruit as a raw material for natural coloring pigments and to determine the effect of blanching on the characteristics of the red dragon fruit pigment ethanol extract. The study was conducted using a laboratory experimental method using a completely randomized design (RAL) with a single factor, namely blanching time. The blanching time is denoted by 1 (0 minutes), 2 (3 minutes), 3 (5 minutes) and 4 (7 minutes). Data from research results related to red dragon fruit are presented in tables and analyzed descriptively, while data from ethanol extract of red dragon fruit pigments were analyzed by linear regression analysis. The results showed that the pH of the raw material characteristics was highest in the fresh treatment and the lowest in the blanching treatment. The results of the highest lightness, redness and yellowness were obtained in the blanching, blanching and fresh treatments, respectively. While the lowest values were in the fresh, fresh and blanching treatments. The highest total dissolved solids yield was in the fresh treatment and the lowest was in the blanching treatment. Blanching treatment has an effect on yield, reddish color, total dissolved solids and has no effect on pH, color intensity and color lightness.


The work of picoseconds rise time pulse generation using Marx generator with peaking circuit is presented. The measurement of picoseconds rise time pulse using Transmitting antenna and D.dot probe. The received signal from the D.dot probe is measured with High frequency oscilloscope (10GHz). The experiment is conducted with Marx generator and peaking circuit. The 10 stage Marx generator is used to generate high voltage (140KV) 2nanosecond rise time pulse. The characteristics impedance of the Marx generator is 70Ω. The peaking capacitor is developed in our laboratory to achieve the lower capacitance and also withstand higher voltage. The peaking capacitor is made using mixture of barium titanate and neoprene rubber in the ratio of 1:10 respectively. Barium titanate is piezoelectric material so it cracks during high voltages discharges due to stresses developed in it. Barium titanate is mixed with neoprene rubber which absorbs the piezoelectric stresses and prevents damaging of the capacitor. The peaking switch also developed which is used to sharpen the rise time of the pulse. The 50Ω resistor is used as load impedance. Simple 600mm length dipole antenna is used to radiate the picosecond rise time pulse. The radiated pulse is received by the D.dot probe at 5metre distance. The radiated frequency measured is 700MHz in the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) spectrum. The rise time of 500picosecond is calculated from the FFT peak frequency.


In order to determine the quantity of H/sup 3/ fixed in bacteria placed in tritiated medium, the liquid scintillation technique was used. On a given support, an aliquot portion of the growth medium or of the bacteria suspension was placed. The experiment shows that if the support is a paper filter, the yield of the measurement depends strongly on the intraor extrabacteria localization of the tritium. On the other hand, if the support is an electrophoresis membrane, the measurement yield is independent and high. (tr- auth)


A radiometric bacterial detection system was investigated as an alternate method to the agar plate count for estimating total microbial population in frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ). Basically, the technique involves detection of 1 4 CO2 produced by microorganisms from labeled glucose. Additional labeled nutrients were added to the test medium (tryptic soy broth plus labeled glucose) for certain lactic acid bacteria found in orange juice that do not produce gas from glucose.

The organisms used in this study included four strains of yeast (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Z. vini, and two isolates from FCOJ), two strains of Leuconostoc sp., and two cultures of Lactobacilli (L. casei and L. plantarum). Standard curves were prepared from the known cultures by plotting time required for radiometric detection versus concentration as determined using routine plating procedures. Results indicate concentrations of 104 yeast, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus per ml can be detected in 6, 7, and 10 hr respectively. Of 600 orange juice samples examined, 44 positives (104/ml) were detected in 12 hr, 41 of which were positive in 8 hr. Two false positive results were obtained with the radiometric technique but no false negatives were observed.


Intraventricular blood flow patterns in the healthy left ventricle (LV) are determined by the large vortices that develop during diastole. These vortices have been proposed to enhance blood mixing and filling. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) show concentric remodeled LVs with large wall-flow friction that impairs vortex formation. We aimed to assess whether the absence of vortex-mediated flow may alter blood transport and mixing in the LV, facilitating blood stasis and thrombogenesis in HCM. Two-dimensional flow velocity fields from color Doppler echocardiographic sequences were obtained in 20 patients with HCM and 20 matched control healthy volunteers (LV mass (g): 441±135 vs 127±37, p HCM group showed significantly larger VDF (0.35±0.11% vs 0.25±0.09%, p=0.006) and lower VRI and VDE (0.11±0.06% vs 0.18±0.07%, p=0.008, and 0.18±0.05% vs 0.23±0.06%, p=0.04) than the control group. Kinetic energy of these regions also showed differences between groups (Kin(VDF): 22.6 ±15.2mJ/m vs 14.6±6.7mJ/m, p=0.04, Kin(VRI): 3.7 ±4.8mJ/m vs 9.1±7.5mJ/m, p=0.01, and Kin(VDE): 7.7 ±3.7mJ/m vs 15.9±13.6 mJ/m, p=0.01). HCM patients showed larger blood apical regions with high TR in contact with the LV wall (aggregate variable C= from 2.1±0.9s to 0.7±0.8s vs 1.3±0.6s to 0.2±0.2s, p 1 to 6s). Flow transport within the LV is impaired in HCM. In turn, abnormal transport generates regions of blood stasis near the apex that may contribute to the increased thromboembolic risk of HCM.


Conventional centralized methods use entire data to estimate the projection matrix of dimensionality reduction problem, which are not suitable for the network environment where the sensitive or private data are stored or there is no fusion center. In this paper, we develop a decentralized principal component analysis (DPCA) method to deal with the distributed data without sharing or collecting them together. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: i) The proposed DPCA method only needs the projection vector information communications among neighboring nodes other than the communications of the distributed data; ii) The decentralized projection vector determination problem is replaced by a set of subproblems with consensus constraints and the excellent processing capability of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to obtain the consistent projection vectors; iii) Especially, the integrating Lagrange programming neural networks (LPNN) is introduced to solve the projection vectors determination problem with the complex unitary and orthogonal constraints, and iv) the converge analysis of the proposed optimization problem is provided to ensure that the obtained projection vectors of the distributed method converge to those of the centralized one. Some simulations and experiments are given to show that the proposed algorithm is an alternative decentralized principal component analysis approach, and is suitable for the network environment.


Human resource is an important and valuable asset to reach competitive advantage for every firms. In the banking and insurance firms, human resource have an important role that is irreplaceable in the operational process of the firms. Human resource disclosure is an activity to disclose information about recruitment process, benefits, training and development program for employee. Therefore, human resource disclosure may provide additional information for the management and all the stakeholders in the development process of decision making. Factors that may affect the human resource disclosure are organizational culture, institutional ownership, and independent commissioner. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture, institutional ownership, and independent commissioner to human resource disclosure. The research's object are banking and insurance companies that listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2018, there were 55 companies which have been selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analysed by using multiple regression analysis. Based on the analysis, the results show that organizational culture has positive impact to human resource disclosure. Therefore, institutional ownership and independent commissioner does not affect the human resource disclosure


Traditional methods of developing computer systems have left many companies without the systems they need and many potential users despairing of ever getting a system worth using. Structured techniques and computer‐aided tools are hyped as the answer to all systems development problems. Are they solutions or just other ways for computer departments to spend money?


The strength of Roberto Esposito's immunitary reading of biopolitics lies in its ability to bring together biopolitics and thanatopolitics without fully collapsing them into each other. However, although Esposito has carefully elaborated the thanatopolitical tendency within Nazi biopolitics, the very idea of liberal thanatopolitics appears to be foreign to him. Despite the neglect of such a combination in Esposito's thought, this article considers precisely this possibility. Befitting Esposito's theory of immunity, this is done by focusing on the liberal efforts to halt the pandemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We discuss the hypothesis that the liberal insistence on the primacy of personified human life in the face of a dehumanizing pandemic systematically places many HIV-positive people in a zone of indistinguishability between full human existence and merely being alive in a thanatopolitical fashion.


Last week we published a study on a set of exemptions to the limits of the Iran deal, or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), which were made by the JCPOA Joint Commission prior to Implementation Day. The report caused a whirlwind of media and expert attention. Not surprisingly, the way many viewed these revelations was driven in large part by whether or not they supported the deal. Given the nature of the report, the pro-deal faction was the most vocal against our findings and claimed the report exaggerated the findings and implications of the information. The anti-deal faction used the information as further support for their belief that the deal is flawed. However, though both sides in some cases disagreed with the framing, neither was able to refute our central claim that the exemptions were made and that Iran would not have been in compliance with the JCPOA on Implementation Day had the Joint Commission not reached decisions granting these exemptions.


Scaling of the transistor has been tremendous successful in the beginning with reduction of the gate oxide thickness and increase of doping concentration. Moving into smaller dimension, those are not enough to overcome the short channel effect. Starting with changing in materials and followed by device architecture is needed which require fully depletion operation. This article reviews the fully-depletion operation of thin body of silicon on insulator of advanced MOSFETs.


In early December 2007, the island of Bali in Indonesia hosted the 13 Conference of the Parties (COP13) to the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 3 Conference of the Parties serving as a Meeting of the Parties (COP/MOP3) to the Kyoto Protocol. Attended by almost 11,000 participants and observers from across the globe, Bali marked the climax of a period of unparalleled international climate change summitry (Chasek, 2007). The decisions taken at COP13 have been variously hailed as a 'major breakthrough' (Egenhofer, 2007) and as an utter failure – 'the mother of all no-deals', to quote Sunita Narain (2008) and 'even worse than the Kyoto Protocol' according to George Monbiot (2007).


Literacy acquisition involves different processes that can be stimulated in everyday contexts like home and that can also be favored by schooling. Work was carried out with a group of first grade children at a school setting during six months, through activities favoring phonological processing, with the aim of observing their impact on the phonological awareness, psycholinguistic abilities, and vocabulary and reading skills in these children. Generally, results of the Student's-t test reveal that such activities encourage phonological awareness, vocabulary and some psycholinguistic abilities. A distinction was subsequently drawn between children who had acquired literacy towards the end of the school year and those who had not done so. Results from Mann-Whitney's U and Spearman's rho suggest that, unlike vocabulary and psycholinguistic abilities, the level of phonological awareness with which children start their reading instruction could have been an important element in such an achievement. It is also revealed that, in performing tasks involving the auditory channel, the performance of children who do not read is lower than in tasks involving the visual channel.


The dialogue of self in action permeates the work of John Hearne, the moral idealist. Hearne's preoccupation is the inter-relationships among people, but his novelistic vision is rooted in the macrocosm. The author always seems to seize upon the grand action, imbuing even base gestures or things with their most vital resonance; he postulates excellences of action and reaction, depicting them on a grand scale. His lenses penetrate deep within or elevate upwards, far upwards, focussed on an ideal as he moves away from trivia and the mundane. The moralist is deep in him also, and his interpretations of human actions, often coming as a parenthetical coda to an episode or action captured in flashback, are all on a grand scale as they grasp after essences. To postulate excellence in behaviour or even to attempt to capture the highest nature of misdemeanour attests to a vision uncluttered by pettiness and commonness. Hearne is not indifferent to the larger society, but he often leaves us in doubt about what kind of total society he would advocate. For Hearne reserves his moral judgments for man acting as an individual Within society, not society reacting and controlling man. It is not surprising, therefore, that the fortuitous, the element of inexplicable accident (the sort of accident issuing not from society but rather from a novelistic unknown) often guides or givesdirection to the denouement of his novels. To move from the general to the specific, we may devise four categories in Hearne's novels: At the top, man moving in society; then follows the island in which man moves, its particular social structure and social problems; the physical landscape is a third dimension. And all these are held together by the author's vision, executed by his own particular stylistic and structural approaches to the novel. Man, committed and evolving through commitment, arrives at a stage of fear, or doubt, becomes involved in politics or social action, plunges into love and emotional crisis, at times fulfilment. But his action, to be most effective, must be undertaken alone; the individual man, acting alone by his commitment, participates in that phenomenon,


We report the voltage tunable photodetecting properties of a La0.4Ca0.6MnO3 film grown on miscut LaSrAlO4 (001) substrates under ultraviolet pulsed laser irradiation at ambient temperature. The photovoltage and photocurrent peak sensitivities can be tuned in the range of 0.295–0.786 V/mJ and 0.172–0.314 A/mJ, respectively, when the applied bias is changed from −20 to +20 V, indicating that the vicinal manganite film can be used as an electric tunable ultraviolet photodetector. A possible mechanism based on the high resolution transmission electron microscopy is introduced to explain the experiment results.


This study investigated the effectiveness of Practice in Mind or PIM training program on self-efficacy of the golfers when putting from the 6-feet distance. Recent research has suggested that golfers perceived putting from six feet more difficult than i.e., 3, 12 and 24 feet. Sixty-three male golfers with 1 to 3 year golf experiences participated in this study. Participants in PIM group and traditional group completed imagery and physical practices. Meanwhile, the control group only performed physical practices. Three tests were conducted and one- way repeated measure ANOVA used in this study. The results revealed that PIM group improved on self- efficacy compared to the traditional imagery and control group. The finding suggests the idea of using PIM training program to improve self-efficacy of the golfers.


The syndiospecific propylene polymerizations catalyzed by isopropylidene(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)- and (2,2-dimethylpropylidene)(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)-zirconocenium (1+ and 2+) have been investigated theoretically and compared with experimental observations. With the ab initio calculated structures for the transition state (TS) of 1+(M)P and 2+(M)P (M = propylene, P = 2-methylpentyl), their steric energies (E°) have been computed using MM2 force-field. The difference between steric energies E°(m) and E°(r) for the meso and racemic enchainment of propylene, respectively, is defined as the stereocontrol energy [δE°(m − r)] for syndiotactic propagation. The δE°(m − r) for the TS of 1+ (M)P is about 2.1 kcal/mol, the value is 1 kcal/mol greater for 2+(M)P. The observed steric pentad distributions of the syndiotactic poly(propylene) obtained by these catalysts are consistent with smaller effective stereocontrol energy, which is about two-third as large as δE°(m − r) values calculated for the MM2 optimized structure. Syndiotactic enchainment is favored over isotactic enchainment for all combinations of site configurations in the catalyst. α-Agostic interaction seems to enhance syndioselectivity, whereas γ-agostic interaction changes the stereoselectivity to meso enchainment. The mirror plane symmetry of the syndiotactic propagating species renders the stereoselectivity of the polymerization insensitive to reaction conditions. These catalysts are also highly regiospecific. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A survey of the change management literature surfaces numerous prerequisites for successful change, but reveals very little on how they can be achieved. If such prerequisites are not included, then, change will be encountered by what is often termed "resistance to change", and ended in failure and frustration. Some scientists and practitioners argue that there is utility in resistance, but lack of change management models and theories actually impede the possibility of putting it into a useful purpose. One such theory "The Theory of Constrants (TOC)", views resistance as a necessary and positive element in any change process, arguing that managers need to identify resistance and use it to test and hone change strategies and action plans, to enable a full and successful change implementation. The purpose of this article is to briefty describe TOC and its application in change menagement identify the various types of resistance in change management literature, handled within the framework of TOC and result in behavior change, and how practical steps are provided to achieve prerequisites successfully. We also present the model to utilize resistance., using the thinking process tools of TOC.


Stephen Poliakoff has quietly, but consciously, worked his way into a position held by very few television playwrights in the UK historically, let alone today: that of a distinctive voice in the medium. Though Poliakoff is a very different writer from Dennis Potter, he is emerging as a figure of similar standing. He has recently been acclaimed internationally with an Emmy award (2005) for The Lost Prince and his national standing is evidenced by his invitation to deliver a masterclass to the assembled great and good of the British television industry at the Edinburgh International Television Festival in August, 2005. These are just the latest institutional markers of esteem accorded to him over and above his celebrity status, with a BBC television profile prior to the showing of Perfect Strangers (BBC1 2000) and as guest on Desert Island Discs (BBC Radio 4, 13 March 2005). Poliakoff is critically acclaimed as an author of 'good' TV drama but he is valorised from specific, if often unconscious, discursive positions within the industry and the academy. This first part of a triptych case study of 'Poliakoff and "good" TV drama' aims to place him in context and to unpack the particular values for which he, and his work as an auteur, stands. In the early years of television, as documented in George Brandt's British Television Drama (1981), the authorial voice of the playwright was privileged. Brandt's edited collection includes, amongst others, essays on Trevor Griffiths, David Mercer, Jeremy Sandford and Peter Watkins as well as Potter. TV drama was initially seen as the individual writer's medium. Subsequently, as soaps and other serial drama forms have become the medium's standard for small screen fictions, teams of writers have been required for an industrial process delivering, in some instances, several hours of drama week on week. Though it may not be the case, the output of a team of writers in an industrial process reminiscent of a production line has been regarded in Britain to be relatively low in quality. In the USA, in contrast, the teams of writers who


We designed and fabricated three primary color filters using structural color by subwavelength gratings. They are expected to be applied to devices such as displays. Fabricated red, green and blue filters have pitches of 400, 340 and 300 nm, and peak reflectivities of 0.8, 0.55 and 0.5, respectively. They also have wide viewing angle of 50 deg when the incident light is s-polarized.


A literature review in laminar incompressible flow in microchannels has shown both early and late transitions from laminar to turbulent flow as well as no deviation from the conventional flow transition of Re=2300. In the present work, air and water flow through rectangular channels with hydraulic diameters ranging from 325µm to 1819µm. Smooth surface conditions are tested to validate the test section, while a repeating roughness is used to show the effects of surface roughness and its orientation on flow characteristics in minichannels. Testing has shown that smooth channels show no deviation, while artificially roughened channels show considerable deviation from the macroscale flow transition of Re=2300.


Based on the idea of intelligent control and configuration of nine-point controller,the concept of seven-state controller and its three stable control strategies are presented.This controller adopts different control actions according to the phase space composed by error and error change to meet the requirements.The corresponding relations between phase space and response curve of the seven different actions of this controller are analyzed and curve is studies through actions.Under the action of controller,simulation analysis on various second-order targets is carried out.The authors can draw the conclusion that seven-state controller has excellent dynamic performance and robust capability,and can reach satisfactory control result on different control targets.


The present invention for manufacturing a semiconductor chip module for producing relates to a manufacturing method for a semiconductor chip module, and more particularly to a plurality of the PCB substrate including a semiconductor chip are mounted PCB layer to cut a semiconductor chip as the boundary a semiconductor chip module, It relates to a method. The present invention, attached to one side of the plurality of semiconductor chips 24 are mounted, and PCB layer 20 and the PCB layer 20 to be divided on the basis of the semiconductor chip 24 to perform a predetermined function glass preparing a PCB substrate 1 consisting of a layer (10) and; Using a laser beam to cut the PCB layer 20 and the glass layer 10 sequentially including a dividing step of dividing the PCB substrate 1 with a predetermined shape on the basis of the semiconductor chip 24 It discloses manufacturing bangbeopreul of a semiconductor chip module, characterized in that.


A new location-estimation technique using direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation enables accurate estimation of a transmitter location by unifying antenna arrays of all base stations into a large single array. Prototype base stations developed for a wireless LAN consist of a 4 x 4 two-dimensional antenna array and 16-channel RF and baseband modules. Measurement results using the prototypes demonstrate a root-mean-square (RMS) error of location estimation of 3.3 m in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment.


Introduction: The Official Future Will Not Take Place Backlash A Golden Age of Equality Two Steps Forward, Two Steps Back Separateand Doing Fine, Thanks! In Beijing the Future is Hidden in Plain Sight.


Tunnels and caverns excavated in weak rock masses require special consideration in terms of shotcrete lining design. Shotcrete as a support medium for weak rock provides major benefits in terms of three main functions: Application of immediate rock support following excavation, continuous over the excavated profile. Provision of an integration system between the excavation surface and the primary reinforcement or support elements. Provision of moisture content control to the excavation surface to inhibit drying out and potential strength and strain changes. The paper covers the technical requirements of shotcrete systems applicable to weak rock masses and illustrates the central role of shotcrete as a structural integration system for a wide variety of support and reinforcement measures. Particular emphasis is given to rock reinforcement - shotcrete usage and to the use of different arch rib systems. Examples of shotcrete application in weak rocks are provided to illustrate the design principles given.


This study explores the relationship between Constitutionalism and traditional values within the Nigerian society. It also examines the contradictory relationship between the Nigerian constitution and the present day government system; and that, with the already existing traditional government systems. Based on this examination, it analyses how these relationships have become the most threatening impediment to Nigeria's effort at achieving Constitutionalism. Bridging the gap between these two issues and finding a way for the country to review the past so as to understand the future with regards to Constitutionalism, is the importance of this paper. With the country's celebration of the achievement of five decades of Independence in 2010, this research shows how those things which have the power to unite and stabilize the society- Constitution, Culture, Tradition, and Government Institutions- also have the power to not just de-stabilize the society, but inhibit its progress. Conclusively, it notes that achieving Constitutionalism in Nigeria is possible if the nation utilizes its Custom as a complementary resource in its law-making process.


Experimental simulations of ITER edge-localized mode have been performed with a Kh-50 quasi-stationary plasma accelerator. Heat loads exceeded the tungsten melting threshold. Droplet splashing and the solid dust ejection were observed. Droplets were emitted during the plasma exposure and dust generation dominated after the end of a plasma pulse, at the time of the material cooling. A decrease in the droplet velocity at an increase in the surface heat load was observed. It could be attributed to growing sizes of the droplets at higher energy loads. After one hundred pulses were performed at loads below the tungsten melting and above the cracking threshold, some porosity appeared. Such defects achieved dimensions of several tens of μm. A heat load amounting to half the cracking threshold (0.3 MJ m−2) could lead to the appearance of fatigue cracks after 100 plasma pulses. In this case the appearance of cracks could be caused by the accumulation and redistribution of linear defects (dislocations) in the affected tungsten layer.


This paper reports the results of the experimental study to substantiate the rational structural and regime parameters of a two-drum reaping machine for harvesting flax oilseeds by the method of combing plants on the root. We have confirmed the results of the preliminary mathematical modeling of the process of separating a combed heap in the reaping machine with a predefined curved shape of the casing. An experimental study of the heap separation process in a reaping machine has established the dependence of the mass fraction of the discharge of husk and stem particles from its region δ h , the proportion of the release of seeds and capsules with seeds δ h, and the consumed power P, on the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector n 1 , and the combing drum n 2 , the position of the air grate L and its width B. The following structural-mode parameters of the comb-type reaping machine for harvesting oil flax seeds have been defined as the most significant ones: the rotation frequency of the beater-reflector, n 1 =892 rpm; the rotation frequency of the comb drum, n 2 =652 rpm; the position of the air grate, L=0.62 m, and its width, B=0.56 m. In this case, the mass fraction of the discharge of husk and stem particles is δ h =47.5 %, the share of the loss of seeds and capsules with seeds from the reaping machine is, respectively, δ h =2.1 %, and the power consumed to perform the process is P=2.7 kW. The statistical analysis has demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between the theoretical and experimental data is 0.88‒0.95; a relative error in the optimal values is 4.6 %. The actual and statistical comparison of the theoretical and experimental data has confirmed the adequacy of the mathematical models built as a result of the theoretical research. Based on the results of our experimental research, one can argue about the usefulness of their application for engineering calculations when designing new technical means for harvesting crops by the method of combing plants on the root


Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease caused by Eimeria species and seen in animals up totwo years old, and is particularly common in calves between three weeks and six monthsof age. Twelve Eimeria species have been identified in the feces of cattle worldwide fromwhich only three (E. zuernii, E. bovis, and E. auburnensis) are associated with clinicaldiseases which is more common during the wet season of the year. A cross-sectionalstudy was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 to determine the prevalenceand assess the risk factors of calf coccidiosis in and around Jimma town. Fecal sampleswere collected from a total of 384 calves and were examined for the oocysts of Eimeria byfloatation technique using saturated sodium chloride solution. Age, sex, breed, bodycondition, and hygienic status of the calves, farming system and medical history werehypothetical risk factors which were assessed. From 384 calves, 119 (31.0% 95% CI: 26.4,35.6) were positive for Eimeria oocysts. There was strong statistical significant difference(P=0.000) in the occurrence of coccidian oocyst shedding between poor and good bodyconditioned calves. However, the difference in prevalence was not statisticallysignificant between the different age, sex, breed, medical history and hygienic status ofthe calves. The present study showed that calves' coccidiosis was one of the importantdisease in the study area and warrants appropriate disease prevention and controlmeasures and further molecular epidemiological investigations to determine thecirculating Eimeria species and other pathogen risk factors for good preventive strategydevelopment.


Alginate is extracted from brown seaweed and commonly used as biopolymer due to its biocompatibility, abundance in source, and low prices. There are various existing methods to produce alginate hydrogel particles, yet none of the methods are able to produce particles over a wide range of mean size, from 50 to 2300 IJm. This work attempted to use an air-atomization method at low air-to-liquid flow rate ratio (m air/m liq) that could allow the production of wide range of particle mean size. The first part of this study investigated the effect of process conditions on the size, size distribution and shape of alginate particles. It was found the liquid mass flow rate must not be more than 1100 times the air mass flow rate for atomization to take place. The (m air/m liq) ratio was found to have a significant influence on particle size with a critical value 0.25. An increase in Weber number decreased the particle size and increased the coefficient of variance whereas average sphericity factor was found to decrease with an increase in the Weber number. The subsequent work involved drying of the wet particles by oven and freeze drying to form dry powder. The effect of drying parameters on the drying kinetics, the kinetic parameters and the particle properties were studied. In oven drying, the drying temperature, intermittent mixing and sample thickness were found to affect the drying kinetics whereas the particle size (i.e 110 µm and 1360 µm) did not show a significant effect on the drying kinetics. The developed moisture ratio prediction model for alginate particles drying was shown to follow logarithmic model. Effective moisture diffusivity value for alginate particles was ranged from 8.0 x 10-11 to 5.4 X 10-10 m2/s while the activation energy for alginate particles was 17.05 kJ/mol. The smaller particles before drying (i.e 110 µm) showed an increase in size due to agglomeration phenomenon after oven-drying but the larger particles (i.e 1360 µm) showed a reduction in particle size. Freeze-drying resulted in a reduction in particle size regardless of particle size before drying. In conclusion, a method using atomization at low air-to-liquid flow rate ratio to produce hydrogel particles in a wide range of mean size has been verified and the properties of the particles before and after drying were characterized.


The strong interdiffusion that takes place in the Gd/Co multilayered system greatly influences the structure, composition, and thus the magnetic properties of the layers. We have conducted grazing incidence x-ray scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation on Gd1−xCox/Co multilayers with x=0, 0.37 and x=0.60 to study the interdiffusion process that takes place and the interfacial structure that results. Probing the scattering vector normal to the surface (specular scattering) showed excellent multilayer growth for all samples. For alloyed Gd samples, good multilayer growth was observed with Co thickness down to below 6 A. Fits to the reflectivity data show a reduction in the thickness of the Co layer, significantly away from its nominal value. This effect was more exaggerated in the pure Gd sample (x=0). We have successfully modeled this by assuming a significant portion of the Co has interdiffused into the pure Gd layer. Off-specular scattering experiments show that the interface roughness was con...


A teratologic case in Dixus clypeatus (Rossi, 1790) (Colepoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini: Ditomina). Abstract: A case of polymelic teratology in a Burgos province, Spanish specimen, Dixus clypeatus (Rossi, 1790) is described. The specimen has a type appendicular esquistomelia teratosis heterodinamic unilateral ternary produced in prothoracic left foreleg.


The volcanic rock assemblages of the Luzong and Chouzhou basins are shoshnite-latite-trachyte,and latite-trachyte,respectively,which correspond to Fe and Cu mineralization,respectively.They formed in Early Cretaceous with an isotopic age of ~130Ma.The volcanic rock assemblages in two basins are very different in chemical features.① Alkaline and subalkaline in the SiO2-alk system;② shoshonitic and HKCA in the SiO2-K2O system,③ alkaline with 50.8 and Calc-alkaline with 57 of the Peacock's Alkali-Lime Index,(4) tholeiitic or ferric and Cala-alkaline or magnesian series in the SiO2-FeO/MgO system,respectively.The parent magma of the Luzong volcanic rocks is believed to derive from partial melting of the mantle asthenospheric materials;the volcanic rocks of the Chouzhou basin are considered to be resulted from the subducted basaltic slab.The peridotite and the basalt,as magma sources,are believed to be the key for the Fe and Cu metallogenetic attributes of the Luzong and Chouzhou volcanic rock assemblages,respectively.They formed at the inner zone of volcanic arc of the active continental margin related to the Izanagi oceanic subduction.Discussion on the metallogenetic attributes of the volcanic rock assemblages would provide some reference for the evaluation of the prospective areas.This study is dedicated to celebration of the 80th birthday of Academician Chang Yinfo.


Abstract : This tech note is a compilation of various weather forecasting techniques of interest to military meteorologists. It is divided into three chapters: surface weather elements, flight weather elements, and convective weather. It includes both general and specific rule-of-thumb results of research including lessons learned from experience, gathered from military and other sources. Updates and supersedes earlier AFWA/TN-98/002, Meteorological Techniques.


This study of Latin America's private research centers (PRCs) provides insights into a network of institutions that are making significant contributions to that continent's growing research potential. Levy's focus leads to an examination of such topics as the role of international philanthropy both in shaping and in supporting domestic research agendas while simultaneously helping Latin American researchers strengthen their ties with the scholarly community beyond their national borders. Finally, the book raises questions concerning the role of nonprofit organizations in helping to redefine national political cultures, in this case political cultures with a decidedly authoritarian, and not infrequently totalitarian, bent. The book's major theme is that "PRCs have displaced public universities as the region's leading producers and disseminators of social science and policy research" (p. 1). Levy marshals considerable evidence to explain how and why this has come about, the major reason being the paucity of research generated by Latin American public universities. The failure is attributable both to structural weaknesses within the institutions and to the debilitating effect of political regimes whose repressive policies make certain research agendas untenable when they do not physically drive social science and policy researchers into internal or external exile. It is ironic that such governmental policies frequently lead researchers to abandon public universities while simultaneously encouraging them to seek intellectual (and sometimes physical) sanctuary within the growing network of PRCs, which, ideally, offer a modicum of professional autonomy. This apparently contradictory situation raises an obvious question: Given that PRCs frequently house critics of government policies, why are they allowed to survive? Levy cites several reasons, including the government's reluctance to antagonize even more important constituencies, especially the church (which often supports a variety of nonprofit organizations) and moderate domestic political opposition groups. At the same time, repressive governments are concerned about international opinion, regular rhetoric to the contrary notwithstanding. The presence of PRCs and other nonprofits is used to deflect external criticism that draws attention to the manner in which these governments violate human rights and stifle intellectual freedom. Yet another reason, and here the contradictions increase, is that PRCs sometimes provide advice that influences government decision making on social issues. Levy spends considerable time discussing the funding sources for this expanding PRC network. Major North American foundations figure


The analysis of gender relationships in Physical Education is not something new. However, small changes observed justify revising the problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the classes' structure, the professors' perceptions about students' behavior, and to analyze the strategies used in a positive action on this subject. The study was mixed: descriptive and exploratory, this included ten public elementary physical education teachers from the Federal District. The results revealed the need to continue the inquiry on the teachers' and students' perceptions as physical educators, in order to facilitate the reinvention of gender relationships.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute secretary otitis media(SOM) in a comparative way with that of chronic SOM and their implications in the early diagnosis and treatment of the lesions. Methods A retrospective study was carried out among 90 cases(108 ears).They were divided into acute group and chronic one according to their ill course.Then their clinical data,especially that of acoustic immitance audiometry and pure tone audiometry,were analyzed in a comparative way between the two groups. Results The cases with acute SOM mainly showed type"B"or"C"of tympanograms and conductive hearing loss curve in pure tone augiogram,while those with chronic SOM mainly manifested type "B"of tympanograms and mixed hearing loss curve in augiogram as determined by acoustic immitance audiometry and pure tone audiometry respectively,with very significant differences in these indexes between the two groups. Conclusions Acoustic immitance audiometry can be taken as a very important diagnostic measure for SOM when used in a combined way with pure tone audiometry and it is very beneficial for the early and appropriate treatment of these conditions.


The β‐1,3‐glucanase gene in Ostrinia furnacalis was first obtained by RT‐PCR. The real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of β‐1,3‐glucanase in the midgut of O. furnacalis was higher than in other tissues. Moreover, the expression level in the larval stage was higher in egg, pupa, and adult stages. The optimal pH of recombinant O. furnacalis β‐1,3‐glucanase OfLam to the substrate laminarin was 4.5, and the optimum reaction temperature was 50°C. The enzyme exhibited a KM of 1.59 ± 0.28 mg/mL and a kcat of 15.8 ± 0.66 s–1. Ostrinia furnacalis β‐1,3‐glucanase has a similar catalytic efficiency to other insect‐derived β‐1,3‐glucanases. The recombinant OfLam has a broad substrate spectrum and can hydrolyze fungal cell walls, suggesting a new source of enzymes for biological control strategies that target fungal cell walls.


The twentieth century has no doubt been, as Isaiah Berlin has said, "the most terrible century in Western history/' But this terrible century has?or appears to be having?a happy ending. As in melo dramas of old, the maiden democracy, bound by villains to the railroad track, is rescued in the nick of time from the onrushing train. As the century draws to a close, both major villains have perished, fascism with a bang, communism with a whimper. A season of triumphalism has followed. Two centuries ago Kant argued in his Idea for a Universal History that the republican form of government was destined to supersede all others. At last the prophecy seemed on the way to fulfillment. Savants hailed "the end of history." "For the first time in all history," President Clinton declared in his second inaugural address, "more people on this planet live under democracy than dictatorship." The New York Times, after careful checking, approved: 3.1 billion people live in democracies, 2.66 billion do not. According to end-of-history doctrine as expounded by its prophet, the minority can look forward to "the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government." For historians, this euphoria rang a bell of memory. Did not the same radiant hope accompany the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century? This most terrible hundred years in Western history started out in an atmosphere of optimism and high expectations.


Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the structure of a gold-nanoparticle including 169 Au atoms coated by 42 thiol terminated hydroquinonyl oligoether chains. The nanoparticle systems were constructed and investigated for structural comparison. The simulation showed that in all three nanosystems thiol-chains self-assembled on the surface of the gold cluster to form a stable gold nanoparticle. The configurations of the thiol chains and stacking of the phenylene rings were analyzed. The thiol-chains are boundled into groups. Each group contains no more than four chains, in which phenylene rings in the thiol-chains are correlated in parallel and perpendicular forms. Simple quantum mechanical calculations are carried out to elucidate the correlation of the phenylene rings.


[Objective] To analyze the distribution of the unregulated actions,and offer some evidences to strengthen the supervision to appointed medical institutions of new rural CMS.[Methods] Participated and non-participated cases were selectively examined according to the types of diseases in the sample hospitals of the country and county to analyze and judge the existing unregulated actions.[Results] Excessive medicine application and unapproved charges accounted for 56% of the cases selectively-examined.The number of participated cases'unregulated actions were more than that of non-participated cas-es.The number of unregulated actions in the counties was more than that in countries.[Conclusion] Excessive medicine ap-plication and unapproved charges are the mostly common unregulated actions.The unregulated actions in appointed hospitals dif-fer from each other due to the different patients and cases.


This study presents the design and evaluation of a mobile-based solution that utilizes QR codes to monitor and track inventory that addresses the need for efficient and accurate inventory management in various industries. The system incorporates user-friendly mobile application functionalities, such as stock-in and stock-out management, item monitoring, and inventory reporting, ensuring secure access through user registration and authentication. The evaluation reveals high scores in accuracy, efficiency, usability, effectiveness, security, and maintainability, showcasing the system's reliability, effectiveness in inventory management, and userfriendliness. The system offers benefits such as optimized inventory processes, minimized stockouts, informed decision-making, improved operational efficiency, enhanced inventory control, and on-the-go accessibility. Overall, this research underscores the significance of innovative mobile solutions for inventory management, validating the effectiveness and suitability of the QR Code-based Inventory Monitoring System for diverse industries, leading to improved inventory processes and decision-making.


Objective To explore the availability and safety of combined TLI and Low-dose ATG as desensitization protocol in highly sensitized or antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) renal allograft recipients and the potential mechanisms.Method Thirteen sensitized patients were enrolled in the study from 2009 to 2011.Their clinical data were collected.Two of 13 cases were defined as pre-transplantation sensitized group,who received combined therapy of TLI,PP,low-dose of IVIG,and ATG induction.Eleven cases were diagnosed as AMR proven by allograft biopsy:7 cases received combined therapy of TLI,PP,low-dose IVIG,and ATG,and 4 cases were given combined therapy of TLI,low dose of IVIG,and ATG.Result Two pre-transplantation sensitized cases were successfully desensitized,and received renal transplantation later.After desensitization,their peripheral B cell levels were persistently down-regulated,and the percentages of regulatory T cells were higher than those before desensitization at several time points.For AMR cases,similar trends were observed except that only 1 case failed in the therapy and lost allograft.Renal allograft biopsy at 1 year checkpoint showed no AMR in these cases successfully cured.Conclusion Combined therapy of TLI and low-dose ATG is an effective pathway for desensitization or AMR reversal.Further research demonstrated its effect on inducing Tregs.

Key words:
Kidney transplantation;  Sensitization;  Graft rejection;  Antibodies;  Lymphatic irradiation;  Plasma exchange;  T-Lymphocytes, regulatory


4559Background: The International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk model was developed for prognosis of patients with mRCC treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targe...


The difference in Young's modulus between an implant device and bone is mainly due to a not homogeneous stress transfer; this is defined as stress shielding. Porous titanium (Ti) with entangled structure has been developed and suggested for potential load-bearing biomedical applications because of its favorable mechanical properties (e.g., good toughness and high reliability in service) and the interconnected porous structure that can provide adequate space for ingrowth of the living tissue Porous Titanium were produced using a mechanical milling process. The porosity was controlled by adjusting the weight ratio of Mg to Ti. Titanium hydride-dehydrate powder (99.5% purity) with particle sizes of around 44 μm and a normally distributed 40–50 μm size range used as the primary matrix. Spherical magnesium powder μm size


This paper describes a prototype application which enables the real-time monitoring and visualization of large Wide Area Networks (WANs) using smartphone devices. The techniques employed allow field engineers to rapidly gain access to a large information repository through the use of a camera equipped mobile phone. More specifically, the use of visual codes [11] attached to networking hardware and infrastructure cabling enables the real-time visualization of network traffic and statistics to be triggered by the capturing of images from a personal device. Moreover, the location and orientation of the phone are used as contextual parameters in order to control the specific information to be retrieved. The prototype described in this paper is currently under evaluation by Information Systems Services (ISS) which is responsible for network support across Lancaster University, the student residences network and also a large regional WAN spanning the whole of the North West of England. Our aim was to establish whether or not this user interaction technique could be harnessed for a real world application that would benefit field engineers who are responsible for maintaining a live production network interconnecting tens of thousands of hosts.


Driven largely by efficiency imperatives, many universities have come to adopt a managerialist approach to research over the last several years. University administrators have become actively concerned with the traditionally long times taken to complete a PhD and high attrition rates. Consequently, the PhD, and PhD students' experience of struggle when writing a PhD, is now often framed by universities as a problem to be managed. This framing is problematic if we consider that, for many students, the personally demanding nature of the PhD is central to the research process. In the first part of this article I discuss the contemporary administrative response to the PhD. I then go on to discuss the lived experience of writing a PhD, from the students' point of view, drawing on my own and other students' accounts. I utilize the writings of Maurice Blanchot in my analysis, who views the personal ups and downs of writing as integral to knowledge production.


Hyperuricemia is defined as high levels of blood uric acid, the product of purine metabolism, which can form uric acid crystals and lead to become gout. Gout is a systemic disease that results from chronic elevation of uric acid levels above the threshold point and form the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in tissues, mainly in and around the joints forming tophi. The impact of gout and its associated conditions can cause deformity, morbidity and mortality. Vitamin C is shown to has beneficial effect in lowering serum uric acid level in hyperuricemia patients with unknown mechanism. But it is still debatable whether using or not using and the dose of vitamin C because giving large doses also had no effect on serum uric acid concentration, uric acid excretion and clearance by the kidney, and even can cause adverse effects.


Surface water chemistry varies according to geology, atmospheric inputs and anthropogenic factors, such as discharges of domestic and industrial effluents, agricultural activities and others. The main purpose of this study is to identify the anthropogenic and geological contributions in determining the hydrogeochemistry of the Paquequer river basin, Teresopolis, RJ. This basin covers a 269 km² area, its springs lie within a conservation area (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgaos) with preserved Atlantic Forest. The Paquequer River mid-stream crosses the city of Teresopolis and receives domestic waste. Contributions of agricultural effluent also occur in its lower stream. The Paquequer river has singular importance for Teresopolis because it is a water supply source. The present geological units are classified as Batolito Serra dos Orgaos (gneissic granites), Granito Teresopolis (monzogranite), the Rio Negro Unit and basic dykes. Soils are predominantly Red-Yellow Cambissoils and Gleissoils in river valleys. In this study, river samples consider different lithologies and land uses. Samples were collected during the dry season in August 2010 when weathering comprises the main source of natural elements to the river system. Measurements of pH, conductivity, temperature, redox potential and river flow were made in site. Besides these measures, chemical analysis of dissolved elements have been carried out (Na, K, Ba, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Sr, Rb, Al, Si, Fe, Mn, Li, La, Cd, PO43- , Cl- and SO42-). Mineralogy (XRD) of the suspended particles was also identified. XRD results showed that the mineralogy of the suspended particles is predominantly composed of kaolinite, gibbsite and quartz. Secondarily it was also observed halloysite, mica, illite and rarely microcline. Theoretical stability diagrams were prepared to identify the transfer of elements from the dissolved phase to solid phase. Chemical results of the dissolved elements indicated concentrations of Si approximately constant along the main Paquequer river channel, only natural sources (weathering) were found for this element. Na, K, Ca, Cl, SO4 and PO4 shows natural (weathering) and anthropogenic (urban and agricultural effluents) sources and concentrations peak while crossing the urban center and, in the tributary that drains the sanitary landfill. The ratio Na / Si indicated domestic sewage influences. Copper, Ni, Co, Zn and Mn indicates anthropogenic pollution from urban sources and agriculture. Rocks with higher contents of K and Al are more resistant to weathering processes, explaining why the river water that drains those lithotype do not present higher concentrations of these metals. Multivariate analysis identified four subgroups of sampling sites according to their degree of anthropogenic influence. Points located in the upper stream of the river are unaffected. Almost all tributaries shows characteristic of low impact. Along the main channel, after the city influence, all place have noticeable pollution features. Lastly points, which receive direct influence of the urban center and sanitary landfill sites, are highly impacted.


The paper considers the use of chelated forms of micronutrients for feeding broilers. The study aims to investigate the chemical composition of broiler meat in the case of broiler chickens of Cobb-500 cross, provided Zn, Cu, and Mn chelated forms are supplied to the diet. Experimental studies were conducted in 2020 on broiler chickens of Cobb-500 cross. Two groups of 20 birds were formed to study the chemical composition of poultry meat. The birds of the control group received an essential diet supplied with sulfates of Zn, Cu, and Mn. The birds of the experimental group received a diet enriched with chelated compounds of Zn, Cu, and Mn. The study has shown that introducing Zn, Cu, and Mn chelated compounds into the diet of broiler chickens has no adverse effect on the chemical composition of meat. It has also been determined that the meat of broilers eating feed supplied with chelated micronutrients contains significantly less cholesterin but more Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn, and several essential amino acids. These indicators prove an increase in the health benefits of chicken meat.


Background: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Tumor Dissociation Enzyme (TDE) for the isolation of cryopreserved human ovarian cortex tissues, proposing an optimized applicable for artificial ovary.Methods: This is a prospective experimental study. We present a comparative analysis among the outputs of follicles isolated from cryopreserved ovarian biopsies of ten young women undergoing laparoscopy. Follicles were isolated by Tumor Dissociation Enzyme (TDE) or Liberase Dispase High (DH) enzymatic digestion. Follicles were assessed by evaluating the number, viability, morphology, oxidative stress. Moreover, the follicle growth and viability were analyzed after eight days of in vitro culture (IVC) between each protocol.Results: The recovery rate of follicles in Group 1 was significantly higher by 78 follicles compare to Group 2 (p < 0.05), while the difference in weight and volume of biopsies in both groups was no significant (p > 0.05). Group 1 allowed to isolate more primordial follicles (p < 0.05) and smaller diameter of follicles (p < 0.01) than Group 2. Group 1 allowed to isolate 7% more of bright red follicles than Group 2 (p < 0.01). We also found that Group 1 had isolated a significantly higher percent of viable follicles (p < 0.05), more morphologically normal follicles (p < 0.05), and lower oxidative stress levels compared with Group 2 (p < 0.01). The velocity of follicles growth from Day 0 to Day 8 in Group 1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in Group 2. The viability of follicles on Day 8 of in vitro culture in Group 1 was significantly higher than Group 2 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: TDE treatment can be an alternative for Liberase DH, allows the isolation of highly viable follicles from the cryopreserved human ovarian cortex, with an intact morphology and low oxidative stress, and with high proliferation potential after culture in vitro.


DOURING the process of studying the physical damage and traumatic effects of various instruments on tooth structure, it became apparent that some consideration should be given to the Hunter-Schreger band formation as it exists in enamel structure. When examined by reflected light, these bands appear as alternating light and dark areas in the enamel portion of a longitudinal groundtooth section, starting at, or near, the dentino-enamel junction and passing outward toward the enamel periphery. The Hunter-Sehreger bands have been described generally as an optical manifestation of the direction in which the enamel rods have been sectioned relative to their axis. Despite many detailed studies of these bands, their significance, physical structure, and origin still remain obscure. It was because of the need for a better understanding of the physical arrangement of the enamel rods in human tooth enamel that this examination of the HunterSchreger bands was undertaken. This report will describe the results obtained when a method for examining Hunter-Schreger bands by means of a shadowed replica technic and shadowed tooth sections is employed. This method differs somewhat from the conventional methods which have been used in the past, that made use of examination of etched and unetched longitudinal ground sections with reflected light, or thin sections by transmitted light, and partially decalcified stained sections.


This paper deals with a comparatively study of the engineering properties of the Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) OPBC and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) concretes. A grade 70 normal-weight concrete was designed as control mix. Normal weight coarse aggregate was substituted with OPBC and LECA up to 100% by volume, respectively. Their properties — workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and water absorption — were studied. Results showed that at the same mix proportion, all mixes exhibited acceptable workability, except for concrete containing LECA up to 75% onwards, which required the reduction of superplastisizer dozen to 16%. Mixes with 75% onwards LECA content exhibited acceptable workability. The oven dry density of concrete containing 100% OPBC and 50% LECA onwards, respectively, in this study can be considered as lightweight concrete. The use of saturated OPBC and LECA in concrete improves the mechanical properties of concrete under air drying condition. The ceiling strength of LECA concrete is at the early age of 7 days, whereas it happens to normal weight concrete and OPBC concrete at a later age. The water absorption of all mixes is below 3%, which can be considered as good concrete.


This essay is engaged in the analysis of the security work problems existing in college nowadays and put forward some treasures to solve such problems from the aspects of cognition improvement, hard and soft facilities, cadre development, system building, and education etc.


As a useful approach for hydrocarbon exploration, the sequence stratigraphy has been commonly accepted. The concepts of sequence and parasequence provide a state-of-the-artframework for studying the distribution and characters of depositional system, and analyzing the occurrence, distribution, characteristics of source, reservoir and seal-play elements. The newly-de-veloped geochemical-sequence stratigraphy focuses mainly on the occurrence, distribution and characters of source rocks and reservoir hydrocarbons within a chronostratigraphic framework.Integrated with sequence stratigraphy, geochemistry can be used to study the source rock potential within a sequence stratigraphic framework and to describe the characteristics of hydrocarbons accumulated in reservoirs, which were predicted by way of sequence stratigraphy. The concept of geochemical-sequence stratigraphy was proposed by Peters et al. (2000). Constructing a reliable sequence stratigraphic framework is the basis of geochemical-sequence stratigraphic study although it is not the main goal. High-resolution biomarker analysis is critical to the construction of a geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model. The geochemical-stratigraphic study involves mainly: ( 1 ) the distribution and geochemical characteristics of source rocks within a sequence chronostratigraphic framework; (2) the geochemical features of source rocks with relative sea (lake)-level change; (3) to predict if these reservoirs bear hydrocarbons and their geochemical features; (4) to be used to construct the time-stratigraphic framework. This paper also summarizes the lake basin types, and introduces their facies associations, source potential and organic geochemical features. At the end, the authors offer some suggestions about how to carry out geo chemical-sequence stratigraphic study in lacustrine strata.


Metallic nanoparticles as antibacterial agents have been studied for several years. The most used antibacterial nanoparticles are silver nanoparticles. The mechanisms and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles are well known, but the effects of gold nanoparticles, especially gold nano bipyramids, are not considered. In this research, we synthesized gold nanobipyramids by seed mediated method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant. Gold nanobipyramids was removed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and modified the surface using polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan as the stabilizers. Besides, antibacterial effects of gold nanobipyramids on both Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) were investigated in this paper. The results showed that gold nanobipyramids have good antibacterial activities even at low concentration. The optimal concentration of stabilizers and gold nanobipyramids in antibacterial activities were also studied in this paper.


The weldability of aluminium materials, especially strain hardened and precipitation hardening aluminium alloys, is discussed. In addition, the development of cracks and pores during welding and the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of welded aluminium-zinc-magnesium alloys are also investigated.


We review the theory of slow and fast light effect in semiconductor waveguides and potential applications of these effects in microwave photonic systems as RF phase shifters. Recent applications as microwave photonic filters is presented. Also, in the presentation more applications like optoelectronic oscillators and arbitrary waveform generators will be described. Some work related to the noise and distortion will also be discussed.


In this paper we studied a bio-system which could be applied to the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater and aimed at increasing its efficiency by laboratory scale wastewater treatment reactors. The reactors were divided into control reactor, reactor one (Adding Pellet bacteria and pumice) and reactor two (Adding Pellet and pumice). The reactors had two patterns of long aeration, and intermittent aeration which could be divided into four stages. The COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) were measured. The experimental results showed that the removal abilities of COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, TN and TP of reactor one and two were better than those of the control reactor in two modes. Above all, the reactor one and two increased the removal efficiency of high concentration organic wastewater. The reactor two achieved the best removal efficiency of high concentration organic wastewater. The best effect was reached when the operating condition was 1 h 20 min/1 h 20 min (Aeration / Stopping aeration), and the average removal rates were enhanced by 3%, 21%, 54%, 21%, 25% respectively.


Education specialization doesn't mean that schools and teachers can take the whole responsibility of educating students.In fact,a truly professionalized teacher should not only do well in school teaching,but also be good at uniting all social resources to serve for students' development,and schools should open their doors to utilize anything useful to educate students.This is not only because of educational sociality,but also for educational democratization.This article elaborates on the meanings of exploring and utilizing parents' efforts as curriculum resource,put forward four ways on how to explore and utilize parents' efforts as curriculum resource,and calls for propelling the construction of school curriculum management system to explore and utilize parents' efforts as curriculum resource.


School ofEngineering, University ofCalifornia, SantaCruz, 1156HighStreet, SantaCruz, California 95064 Abstract: Wereport thefabrication ofhollow waveguide structures withvarious coregeometries. These structures aresuitable forlow-loss anti-resonant reflecting (ARROW)andphotonic crystal waveguides, andintegration with microfluidic systems. ©2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (130.3120) Integrated optics devices; (220.4000) Microstructure fabrication; (230.7370) Waveguides Wehavedeveloped amethod forcreating hollow dielectric structures onplanar substrates suitable forphotonic crystal oranti-resonant reflecting (ARROW)waveguides. Ourmethod offabrication involves theuseofasacrificial core around which dielectric layers areformed. Thecoreisthen removed withanacid etch, leaving ahollow waveguide channel. Using this technique onsilicon wafers, wehaveformed hollow waveguides with 3.5,umhigh by 9plm widecross-sections andlengths upto2cm.Figure Iillustrates thesteps inourfabrication process.


The invention provides a method and device for making VLANs have access to a VF network and an FCF. The method includes the steps of configuring the VF network and the correspondence between the VF network and the VLANs which need to have access to the VF network according to preset rules, and relating the VLANs to the same VF network according to the configured correspondence, wherein data communication is allowed to be conducted between terminals located in different VLANs. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical problems that in the related technology, by means of a scheme for making VFabric have access to the VLANs, resources are wasted and implementation of network configuration is complex are solved; thus, the strong coupling of the VF and the VLANs is relieved from the aspect of the correspondence between the VF and the VLANs, the flexible allocation of the VLANs under the same VF is achieved, and network resources are saved.


Metrorail accessibility is an important indicator that influences urban spatial form. For this article, we created a 3SFCA method to analyze the Metrorail accessibility of Shanghai covering four levels: traffic analysis zones (TAZs), stations, metrorail network, and regions. The floor area ratio (FAR) was used to reflect the urban form, and spatial coordination model was introduced to examine the spatial balance between metrorail accessibility and urban forms. Results revealed that the spatial distribution of metrorail accessibility and urban form are characterized by a monocentric spatial structure, while the values of both variables decrease gradually from urban center to suburban regions, with the regional difference being significantly greater than the other three levels. The results also indicated that the development of metrorail stations has a time lag effect on the urban spatial form, and the catchment area of a metro station shows characteristics of gradually expanding and then shrinking from city center to suburban regions. Finally, the results showed that there is a strong coordination between accessibility and urban form around metro stations, but the coordinate degree varies by regions. Thus, we concluded that station density should be increased within the fourth ring, FAR should be increased between the second and third rings, and rail transit capacity in the urban center area should be increased.


Stable isotopes analysis is now commonly used to study material circulation and energy flow within ecosystems.Stable carbons and nitrogen isotopes,trophic levels,spatial distributions and monthly changes were studied in phytoplankton and 6 species of marine biota which were collected around the in Heishijiao Bay,Dalian.The results showed that: Nitrogen isotope ratios of phytoplankton showed relatively lower than other species.Significant differences and crossed and overlapped in the stable isotope(δ13C and δ15N) between the collected species,indicated that they had assimilated different carbon sources.Nitrogen isotope ratios(δ15N) of biota showed significant spatial variations,and decreased significantly with distance down the sewage treatment plant,however only minor and on consistent were observed in the δ13C of the biota.The value of δ15N can be used to monitor the impact of human activities on marine biota.Uiva pertusas showed rapid fluctuations in isotope ration,while others species not,and especially no changed in phytoplankton.Uiva pertusas may be used to monitor short-term future trends in nitrogen to this estuary.


We introduce the diverse Voronoi partition problem: for a given set of colored points and a number k, determine a set of k point sites so that the Voronoi cells of these sites contain as many colors as possible. We show that the problem is already NP-complete for points colored in four colors on a line, and give polynomial-time algorithms for a few special cases.


Coal-to-methanol processes currently under consideration share the common characteristic of being expensive in terms of both energy and capital. The objective of the work summarized in this paper was to analyze the distribution of these costs in order to develop selection criteria in evaluating various process designs. The overall process design objective is best understood in terms of the stoichimetry adjustment required to make methanol from a coal feedstock. These requirements can be applied to any coal-to-methanol process and form the basis for the general selection criteria which were developed. Other operational and cost consideration will be illustrated by a detailed example of a coal-based methanol process.


In this paper, we study phase retrievable sequences and give a characterization of phase retrievability of a sequence of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space $H$; in particular, for $H=\ell_2^d(\Bbb{C})$. We also give several approaches for constructing phase retrievable sequences. Then, we investigate the property of phase retrieval for $g$-frames and frames.


This paper introduces a new method for extraction parameters of quartz equivalent circuit. Temperature dependencies of parameters in extended temperature range were carried out by measurement by a six port reflectometer. The algorithm was implemented in Matlab language with programmed graphical user interface.


Previously, we observed that bromocriptine stimulated growth velocity and growth hormone secretion in growth hormone deficient and intrauterine growth retarded children /1 -3/. The purpose of our present study was to determine: 1) bromocriptine induced changes in responsiveness to exogenous GHRH 1-40 in a group of children that were not studied before; 2) if any deleterious side effects occur as a result of long-term bromocriptine treatment, and lastly, 3) to extend our earlier observations on bromocriptine induced increment in growth velocity. Seven hypopituitary children and four intrauterine growth retarded children received bromocriptine (1.25 mg, orally, every 12 h) for five months. To determine if bromocriptine induced changes in somatotrope function, responsiveness to exogenous GHRH, with and without an acute dose of bromocriptine, was determined prior to instituting bromocriptine therapy and at monthly intervals during the five months of therapy.


Implementing large word-length public keyalgorithms onsmall 8-bit it-controllers isachallenge. Thispaperpresents a hardware/software co-design solution ofRSA andElliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)overGF(p) ona 12MHz 8-bit 8051it-controller. Thehardware coprocessor hasamodular arithmetic logic unit (MALU)ofwhichthedigit size (d)isvariable. It canbeadapted tothespeed andbandwidth oftheit-controller towhichitisconnected. The HW/SWco-design space exploration isbased ontheGEZELsystem-level design environment. It allows thedesigner tofind thebest performance-area combination forthedigit size. A casestudy ofanFPGAimplementation fora160-bit ECCoverGF(p)(ECC-160p) showsthat onepoint multiplication canbecomputed 40times faster thananoptimized SW implementation withthe optimized digit size, d=4.


Recent advances of kernel regression assume that target signals lie over a feature graph such that their values can be predicted with the assistance of the graph learned from training data. In this article, we propose a novel kernel regression framework whose outputs follow a matrix-variate Gaussian distribution (MVGD) such that the kernel matrix can be viewed as the column covariance matrix of outputs, and the hyperparameters of a chosen kernel can be optimized using gradient methods. Furthermore, in contrast to the state-of-the-art kernel regression algorithms over graph (KRG), a sample graph of target outputs is introduced to work with regression coefficients and hyperparameters of a chosen kernel in our algorithms. The proposed KRG framework is decomposed into two stages, including the estimation of row and column covariance matrices of MVGD and graph learning along with the estimation of regression coefficients. Numerical approaches are developed to tackle the corresponding optimization problems. Experimental results over synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithms is superior to that of the state-of-the-art methods.


In this study, freshly collected Tanacetum parthenium in Elazığ (Türkiye) is separated from its stems and cleaned. This sample of prepared is dried in an oven at 60 °C for 4 hours and ground. Extraction has been performed with ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) for 5 hours using Soxhlet system. In this system, the solvent is heated, evaporated, and the hot vapor of the solvent condenses and falls onto the powder sample. The amounts of sample, working time, and solvent used in the experimental studies have been optimized. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used in optimization studies. The findings of RSM model and experimental data have been statistically assessed. The assessment of the quality of the extract can be evaluated based on its quantity, color, and components. The density and viscosity of the obtained extract have been determined. Besides, as the grain size of Tanacetum parthenium powder decreases, the surface area increases, therefore the extraction time is reduced. The results show that at 78 °C and 5.7 hours, 9.6 grams of biomass has the maximum efficiency. Also, the composition of Tanacetum parthenium extract has been analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS).


The previously proposed Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) system enhances its capability to compensate for long-term and deep voltage sags from propagating to critical loads in power system without requiring a bulky energy storage device. By having multiple DVRs connected to different transmission feeders, the common energy storage in IDVR system can be dynamically replenished from an unaffected feeder so as to maintain the rated power of critical loads in another feeder where voltage sag appears. However, despite its enhancement in compensation capability, the drawbacks faced by original IDVR system are mainly attributed to its complexity in topology and underutilizations of semiconductors. Aimed to improve the system in these aspects, the paper proposes a new IDVR topology with 25% reduction in semiconductors totally used. The theoretical analysis and its operating principles are also presented. In addition, some constraints faced by this new system are also noted. Finally, simulation results are given to validate the feasibility of proposed topology.


The Characteristics of Lao She and Cao Yu's criteria for love and marriage epitomized their views on women and reflected their real associations with women.Due to his sense,Lao She did not sink into depravity on the failure of his inveterate and romantic first love;instead,he looked for a life companion suitable for him in a steady and practical way and built his happy and warm family.Cao Yu's passion made him discard his unsatisfactory marriage,hunt for his true love and ultimate women.Cao Yu's three marriages did not show that he was changeable and fickle in affection but proved that,as a civilized modern person,he considered love and marriage between the two sexes as a rather serious matter.Lao She and Cao Yu played an exemplary role for modern people in dealing with love,marriage and choosing spouse both in theory and practice,so,from this point of view,their contributions to modern China are beyond literature.


Submicrometer particles (polystyrene latices, for example) are often used as size standards for the calibration of various instruments and substrates. Ideally, the size distribution of such standards should be extremely narrow. However, the current method of choice for such classification, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is fraught with problems rendering the reported size distributions uncertain. A far more precise and practical method consists of fractionating the particle sample prior to measurement by light scattering. A nominal 100 nm diameter NIST sample has been so-analyzed and yields a full width at half maximum of less than 0.5 nm, far below the resolution of TEM. The fractionation/light scattering protocol for so narrow a standard is confirmed by repeating the measurement using a broader sample fractionated under identical conditions.


Abstract A path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulation method for the rotational motion of linear molecules in three dimensions is presented. The technique is applied to an H2 impurity in a static crystal-field. The resulting orientational distributions from quantum and classical simulations are obtained and discussed. The algorithm suffers from the "sign problem" of quantum simulations. However, as can be seen by comparing the low temperature simulation result to the variational solution of the Schrodinger equation, the PIMC method captures the quantum fluctuations.


According to the status quo survey on Chinese popular tennis,it has been discovered that the major obstacles restrained the development of our tennis sports were the lower participation rate,the weakness of tennis facility as well as the lack of culture concepts etc.In dealing with this situation,this essay posed out future development strategies,enhance the propaganda influential,increasing the financial input in the construction of tennis court,creating a sound cultural atmosphere of tennis among three kinds of people(students,the rich and some leaders),and also utilizing the competition as the lever to assist the socialization and industrialization process of tennis sports.


Earlier work by Garner and Miller and others has established the temporal integration property of the ear for the masked threshold of pulses of tone in the range of duration between 10 and 500 msec. This paper reports two studies of the temporal integration at the masked threshold for various envelope shapes over the same range of durations. A photoformer is used to generate the envelope voltage which modulates a sine wave of selected frequency to produce the shaped tone pulses. These are masked by noise from a gas‐tube noise generator. In experiment I frequencies of 800 and 3200 cps, with two different envelope shapes, rectangular and Gaussian, were used at seven different durations ranging from 10 to 1000 milliseconds. The masked threshold at each frequency with each envelope shape at the different durations was obtained at masking levels approximating 30, 50, and 70 db. In experiment II a frequency of 800 cps was used with four envelope shapes, ranging from rectangular to cusp, and presented at six durations from 10 to 750 milliseconds. The masking level was maintained at about 50 db. Experiment I demonstrated temporal integration of acoustical energy as a function of pulse length for both frequencies and both envelope shapes at each level in general agreement with published data. This was further supported by experiment II for other envelope shapes.


Th is article aims to analyse the patron–client relationship through a detailed ethnography of the everyday life of Walid Junblat's followers in Lebanon. It reveals how intimate people are with political fi gures, talking to them (in the form of their pictures), talking about them, thinking through them, playing off this intimacy to enter the political competition. Patrons also play their part in this relationship. Th e weekly political gatherings held at Junblat's Palace are the apex of this aesthetic of power. Detailed observations indicate how the lord orchestrates and varies the tempo of his interactions with the ritual audience, adding complexity and fl uidity to the relation. Th e protracted confrontation that has been plaguing Syria for three years has revived the familiar schema of oriental tyranny, comprehended as absolute control of power and resources enforced on the society through forms of threat and violence. 1 For decades, studies of domination and violence in the Arab world have viewed them through the schema of asymmetrical personal relations, which foster visible practices of power and ostentatious challenges. While patron–client relationships have received attention in anthropological literature, relatively little work has considered the centrality of intimacy in building these kinds of personal relationships. Th e term 'relations' in patron– client relations has long been taken as a structural link that aims to character-ise one typical form of social relation. Patron–client relation refers to a form of asymmetrical exchange (protection versus support or jobs versus the vote, for example) and is fuelled with personal marks of power and allegiance. It is crucial to theorise the notion of relations as being more than a mere structural or formal link between individuals or social groups in such a way as


The Nuclear Regulatory Commission supported an experimental program to study the mechanical properties of both unirradiated and irradiated fuel rod cladding. The program was designed to produce a mechanical property data base for use in developing modeling codes which could then be used to predict the performance of Zircaloy-4 clad fuel rods under various reactor loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) conditions. Transient-heating burst tests were conducted at Argonne, Battelle Columbus, and ORNL. A brief description of the testing methods, specimens, equipment, and procedures illustrates the similarities and differences in tests conducted at each laboratory. The data obtained from tests conducted in steam and utilizing test specimens with internal heaters or specimens containing alumina mandrels or pellets were compared for heating rates of 5, 28, and 55 C/sec. Both burst pressure and circumferential failure strain data versus burst temperature were plotted and compared in the range of 650 to 1250/sup 0/C. It was found that testing methods, specimen oxidation layer, and irradiation affected the transient-heating burst test data.


The authors compare the ideal versus actual academic reward structures at a representative sample of nondoctoral four-year institutions and make recommendations.


Enrichment of yogurt with lactose addition may increase the growth of the yogurt starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and enhance yogurt physico-chemical and sensory attributes. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of added lactose on the 1) physico-chemical characteristics, including the final lactose content of yogurt, during its shelf life; 2) growth of the yogurt starter culture over yogurt shelf life and 3) the sensory attributes of yogurt. Fat free plain set-type yogurt was manufactured using 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% w/w added lactose to accomplish objectives 1 and 2. For objective 3, a blueberry yogurt was manufactured using the same lactose levels. Analyses for plain set-type yogurt were conducted at 7 days intervals during 35 days of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted on flavored yogurt three days after its manufacture. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed model of SAS® 9.3 program. Significant differences between means were analyzed at α = 0.05 using Tukey adjustment. Lactose addition influenced some of the yogurt characteristics in a positive manner. Lactose contents of yogurts with lactose added at 1%, 3% and 5% stayed higher in that proportion than control throughout the 35 days of storage. Yogurts containing 5% w/w added lactose had the lowest pH. Yogurts containing 5% w/w added lactose had significantly the highest syneresis values compared to 0%, 1% and 3% w/w added lactose during storage period at day 7 and from day 21 onwards. Use of 5% w/w added lactose resulted in significantly higher counts of Streptococcus thermophilus compared to control and this bacterial survival was the highest for 1% w/w added lactose compared to the rest. The overall liking scores indicated that yogurts containing added lactose were preferred over control. For taste, sourness and sweetness samples containing added lactose had higher scores than control. The consumer acceptability of yogurts increased as lactose addition increased. The acceptability of yogurts and purchase intent frequency scores markedly increased with the addition of lactose.


Ensuring long-term safe and efficient operation of industrial processes relies on real-time identification of abnormal operating conditions. However, industrial processes frequently switch among diverse operating conditions and face harsh production environments. As a result, some extreme cases exist in historical abnormal samples can mask some slight anomalies, making them show similar process dynamics to normal operating conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes a global-local slow-feature-analysis-based convolutional neural network (GLSFA-CNN). A global slow feature analysis (SFA) model extracts coarse-scale slow features at a macroscopic level to distinguish anomalies with different process dynamics, while a local SFA algorithm extracts real-time and fine-scale slow features at a microscopic level to identify anomalies with similar process dynamics. By combining global and local slow features, anomalies with similar or different dynamics can be simultaneously identified. The one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D-CNN) is then used to automatically extract deep features from the global-local slow features and identify abnormal operating conditions. The industrial experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms other traditional methods and achieves high anomaly identification accuracy for the industrial process with switching conditions and extreme cases.


The aim of the Royal Society of South Australia (RSSA) is the promotion and diffusion of scientific knowledge, principally to scientists. Further we aim through our monthly meetings, continued publication of this journal (the Transactions of the RSSA), small research grants scheme and occasional natural history publications. Both theTransactions and grants scheme cater to the scientific community. And although ourmonthlymeetings and library are open to the public, they too catermostly to the scientific community. Our natural history publications have a wide audience amongst the general public and we offer some support to the highly successful Science in the Pub Adelaide (http://scienceinthepubadelaide.org.au/index.html), which attracts large general public audiences. Other groups, such as RIAus (http://riaus.org. au/), have the mission of communicating science to the general public. So although the RSSA leaves the task of broad public science communication engagement to others, do we have a role to play in engaging with government to inform policy? As the peak professional body for natural history scientists in SouthAustralia ourmembers constitute a large, experienced and diverse group of researchers. This expertise is a largely untapped pool that could be used, under the auspices of the society, to provide independent input and scientifically sound advice to affect evidence-based problem solving in our state. Furthermore, by presenting scientific information in a way that is free from political bias, and informed by rigorous peer review, we can serve any group or individual seeking to inform policy and practice by government. Over the past few years we have made tentative steps towards providing such information. Two of the largest issues faced by South Australia are the management of our chief source of fresh water, the River Murray, and the effects of, and adaptation to, future climate change. In response to the Draft Murray-Darling Basin Plan, we provided an evidence-based submission as "senior elected follows of the Royal Society of South Australia", and published the submission in the Transactions (Souter, Williams, Jennings, & Fitzpatrick, 2013). More recently, in the interests of communicating locally relevant climate science we disseminated information about the Climate Change in South Australia special edition of the Transactions (Vol. 139 part 1) to all 63 of the South Australia's Commonwealth and State politicians, as well as the Prime Minister of Australia and Federal Minister of the Environment. On 4 December 2015, which coincided with the first week of the Paris COP 21 conference (21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), at a time when we believed interest in climate change should be at its highest, we sent an email with which was attached the special issue editorial (Williams & Souter, 2015) and climate change symposium synthesis report (Souter & Williams, 2015).


As mobile devices have supported various services and contents, much personal information such as private SMS messages, bank account information, etc. is scattered in mobile devices. Thus, attackers extend the attack range not only to the existing environment of PC and Internet, but also to the mobile device. Previous studies evaluated the malware detection performance of machine learning classifiers through collecting and analyzing event, system call, and log information generated in Android mobile devices. However, monitoring of unnecessary features without understanding Android architecture and malware characteristics generates resource consumption overhead of Android devices and low ratio of malware detection. In this paper, we propose new feature sets which solve the problem of previous studies in mobile malware detection and analyze the malware detection performance of machine learning classifiers.


— Addition of carbohydrates such as dextrose, sucrose or corn syrups to heat-treated soy milk before drying significantly improved the redispersibilities of the resultant dried products, reaching about 100% at 1.0–1.5 times as much sugar as soy milk solids. Among carbohydrates tested, corn syrups, expecially those enzyme-converted in the region of 48.5 D.E., seemed to be suitable materials because of high dispersant efficiency, moderate sweetness and easier drying. One possible reason for the dispersant effects of sugars is suggested to be a physical separation of soy protein molecules. Effects of corn syrups upon the spray-drying of soy milk also are discussed.


Pectin was extracted from orange peel by microwave radiation coupled with ion-exchange method.Effects of microwave radiation power,irritation time and liquid/material ratio on the extraction yield were discussed.By orthogonal experiments,the optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows:the microwave radiation power of 650 μW/cm2,liquid/material ratio of 20mL/g and extracting time of 8 minutes,under which the pectin yield was 33.69%.The pectin content in the products was 91.54%,the jelly grade was 126.05°,and the ash content was 0.037%.The quality of the product was superior to the quality requirements in the national food quality specifications.