Based on retrogressive three-linear resilience model,the nonlinear seismic responses analysis model of the frame-shear wall structures is proposed.The seismic responses of three typical ten-floors frame-shear wall structures with different shear wall numbers under the earthquake were studied by means of IDARC2D 6.1,where the push-over responses of the structures under several kinds of lateral load distribution as well as nonlinear time history responses under horizontal earthquake were discussed.The computing results show that the different lateral load distribution models have a big influence on the push-over curve of structures,and in the same time it also shows that the numbers of shear wall have some influence on the fundamental vibration characteristic and seismic responses of the structures.


Massive burns are difficult to handle surgically due to the scarce availability of donor sites. Meshed grafts have been used with this purpose. Expansions greater than 3 to 1 may not epithelize losing the grafts or favoring retractile scars. The use of allografts of human epidermal cultures as temporary biological dressing accelerate the epithelization phase of wounds of partial depth thickness and graft donor sites. A case of a thirty-eight-year-old patient with massive burns that was treated with meshed grafts of partial thickness expanding at a range of 3 to 1 and 6 to 1 is reported, and frozen allografts of in vitro human epidermal cultures to cover the grafts, the areas of second depth degree burns and the graft donor sites, with satisfactory evolution by the complete epithelization between the mesh of the grafts, that enabled the widely affected zone to be covered, as well as the epithelization of the second depth degree burns and the donor sites. The quality of epithelization of the donor sites was good, allowing the re-use to take new grafts. The allografts of human epidermal cultures was useful in the management of the meshed grafts, second depth degree burns and of donor sites.


A draining is a stochastic process defined by an urn scheme where the successive drawings are made without replacement and according to a drawing algorithm associated with a weighted graph. A draining is said to be a strong one if the number of balls which can be drawn from the urn (under the algorithm) converges in probability to the total number of balls in the urn at the beginning of the drawing when it goes to infinity. In particular, drainings associated with complete graphs having equal weights are found to be strong and for some others associated weighted graphs, strong drainings exist.


In this work, the fluorescent properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) present in particulate matter collected in the Western Arctic Ocean area were studied. Potential WSOC emission sources were also determined by combining parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and fluorescence index. On the other hand, part of the chemical composition of the collected aerosols was determined by ion chromatography.


Despite improvements in eye protection devices (EPDs), paintball injuries have increased in recent years because a growing proportion of games are being played in unsupervised settings, according to a study in the January Pediatrics.

Paintball is particularly popular among males, which is why they


In this study, we investigated the effects of task complexity, information, and group versus individual goal setting on performance, while adjusting perfor- mance scores to prevent an incongruent comparison between simple and com- plex task conditions. Results indicated that task complexity interacted with information to affect performance only under individual goal setting. Groups were generally unaffected by both information and task complexity.


In the development history of animation,short personal and experimental animation has always been a forward momentum.With the rise of mercantilism and popularization,it is put in a non-mainstream position.Rather than engulfed,it develops in aspects of expression,content,style and creative methods.Non-mainstream animation is an indispensable part in the animation history.The paper concludes the artistic features of non-mainstream animation by analysis,and points out that with the support of digital creative means and internet the non-mainstream animation will have good prospects of development in the era of new media.


Traditional optimization methods for lane allocation focus on increasing the intersection capacity or reducing the degree of saturation for approach lanes in a separate stage of traffic design. However, lane allocation and signal timing need to be considered at the same stage in order to fully utilize the lane-resources at isolated intersections. To accurately evaluate the effectiveness of a lane allocation plan, this paper proposes an evaluation framework based on vehicular trajectory data, considering eight assessment indexes in three segments of the intersection. With the key assessment indexes, an optimization model for signal timing and lane allocation of isolated intersections is established to minimize the critical degree of saturation of the approach lanes. A case study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model could improve the lane-level operation efficiency of the intersection.


The present special issue on the Europeanisation of Southern Europe is more than a collection of up-to-date research papers on the different aspects of Europeanization. Its underlying rationale is to assess the problems, experiences and responses of, on the one hand, existing member states and, on the other hand, of new and candidate member states to Europeanisation. Different contributors in this issue use different definition(s) of Europeanisation (processes), and I am not going to offer in these opening lines yet another one: suffice to say that we all ascribe to the description of Europeanisation as 'domestic change caused by European integration'. Another common thread of this issue's papers is that they all address at least one of the three different mechanisms of Europeanisation's impact on domestic change, identified by Knill and Lehmkuhl (2002): namely, (a) 'institutional compliance'—where European policy making prescribes specific institutional requirements which have to be implemented, (b) 'changing the domestic opportunity structures'—where the EU changes the 'domestic rules of the game', and finally (c) 'a change in the beliefs and preferences of domestic actors'—a 'framing integration', affecting perceptions. The papers in this issue are organised in a way which allows the reader to progressively move across countries, national levels, policy domains and EU member state 'categories' in a differentiated pace: though each contribution is self-contained, one can easily draw comparisons with its preceding and following ones. In the first paper, Massimiliano Andretta and Manuela Caiani discuss the Europeanisation of the Italian social movements, employing a dual approach: on the one hand, with a top-down approach, they assess whether and how social movements are adapting their strategies within a Europeanised context, and whether and how they are able to seize the new European opportunities for achieving their goals, reaching the conclusion that while social movements still seem better able to exploit the domestic political opportunities, nevertheless they are slowly adapting to the transforming political context, taking more and more into account the European level. On the other hand, using a bottom-up approach, they deal with whether and how social movements frame their claims and identities as 'European' and which kind of vision of the process of European integration they promote, concluding that while they are more


This paper introduces two elevated rail transit stations of the Gangcheng Road and Haigao Road in the Pudong new area of Shanghai urban rail transit Line 6,analyzes the difficulties of architectural design for railway station,and finally puts forward the solving strategies.


Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) as a versatile platform for particle engineering have been well developed due to their integrated benefits of both metal ions and phenolic molecules. However, the approaches to broaden their applications are limited due to the single-driving force from the coordination of these two components. Herein, we developed a universal approach to introducing programmable assembles into MPNs to form metal-phenolic supraparticles based on the rationally designed phenolic building blocks. These as-prepared building blocks can first assemble into primary nanoparticles driven by various controllable intermolecular interactions (i.e., metal-organic coordination, host-guest interaction, and hydrophobic interaction), followed by particle assembly with metal ions to coat on different templates. The introduction of multiple assembly modalities into phenolic building blocks enriches the functionalities of these metal-phenolic supraparticles, such as dual-pH responsibility, light-controllable permeability, and rapid fluorescence labeling of living cells. Our work provides a conceptual and practical paradigm for customizing MPNs with hierarchical structures by importing various assembly strategies via rationally designed phenolic building blocks.


The structure, phase composition and thermal properties of (Al2O3–20 wt % ZrO2)–ZrW2O8 ceramic composites obtained using nanosized, finely dispersed and coarse-grained initial powders were investigated. On the polished surface of composites homogeneously distributed white particles were observed. The chemical composition of the particles was determined. The phase composition of the composites was represented with corundum, monoclinic ZrO2 and two modifications of ZrW2O8 (tetragonal and cubic) regardless of initial powders morphology. Crystal structure parameters of the material obtained were determined. Linear thermal expansion coefficient values of the composites were determined and compared with those calculated using the mixture rule. The experimental data correlated well with the calculated values of CTE for Al2O3–20 wt % ZrO2 ceramics. The difference in thermal expansion values for composites obtained using initial components with different morphology may be attributed to phase transformations, featu...


Abstract Up to date, soil application of synthetic chelates is the most effective mean of controlling iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis in many crops. The responses of three representative soils (I, II, and III) of a large orchard area (Ribera Alta del Jucar) to the application of three commercial Fe-EDDHA chelates (Sequestrene 138 Fe G-100, Group Carla Val F.E.A 6 Superior and Ferrishell plus) at 100 (D1) and 200 µg Fe/kg of soil (D2) were analyzed. Extractable concentrations of Fe, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were determined at 7, 14, 21, 42, and 71 days after the application. Data were subjected to multifactor ANOVA to analyze the effects of time, dose, soil, and chelate type on Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations. Soil type affected the recovery percentage of Fe by DTPA extraction. The extractable Fe increased to 40–60 mg Fe/kg of soil by the D1 dose and to 70–100 mg Fe/kg of soil by the D2 dose for soils I and II. However, in the case of soil III, recovery increased to 60–80 mg Fe/kg of soil for D1 and 100–140 mg Fe/kg of soil for D2. As the pH of the three soils was similar, this recovery difference is attributed to the differing textural compositions of the soils. The extractable concentrations of Fe increased in the sandy loam soil in contrast to the clay loam soils. The Fe-EDDHA formula did not affect significantly extractable Fe concentration. Increases in the extractable Cu and Mn were observed after Fe-EDDHA soil application. These increases could be due to changes in the redox potential that alters the form and solubility of some metals, possibly affecting the metal-chelate equilibrium. In the case of Zn, the variation in Zn concentration is hardly appreciable, with Fe preventing effective Zn chelation. No difference in effectiveness has been found between the Fe-EDDHA formula brands used in this experiment.


Head-simulator provides a basis for simulating not only a patient but also a dental treatment unit in an ergonomic way in preclinical teaching program of prosthodontics. In this article, the characteristics, usage, advantages and disadvantages, improvement and extended usage of this dental simulation system were completely described according to our long-term teaching experience. The instructors should make its use to the full extent in simulating the clinical situations by avoiding its disadvantages. It will not only help to improve clinical skills of the dental students, but also provides a basis for standardization in preclinical teaching program of prosthodontics.


We consider bicriteria scheduling problems involving several classical well-known scheduling objectives on parallel, identical machines with job release dates. The jobs are assumed to have equal processing times. Our bicriteria treatment of these problems includes lexicographic optimization, minimization of a composite linear function, generation of schedules on the efficient frontier and the generation of all Pareto optimal solutions. Using the framework provided by the dynamic program of Baptiste (2000), we show the polynomial solvability for several bicriteria problems when the number of machines is given. We also present algorithms that extend the linear programming approach of Brucker and Kravchenko (2008) and whose complexities are polynomial in the number of jobs and independent of the number of machines. The complexity status of the bicriteria problems considered in this paper was previously unknown.


As we all know,management activities have existed since ancient times,and the ideas and methods about such activities are being increasingly deeply studied with development of our society.Dou Yi was an excellent merchant in the novel Dou Yi,which was written by Wen Ting-yun.It is valuable and meaningful to excavate and analyze his operation history,from which we can find that not only his thoughts are the origin of modern science of management but also his personal experiences are popular now.In a word,in order to develop our modern management,we should absorb essence from history,especially its referenced and practical value.


This is a review essay concerning the book Regulation by Litigation. Utilizing public choice theory as the basis of its analysis, the book presents three case studies designed to demonstrate that regulation by litigation does not serve the public interest. This review essay attempts to show that public choice theory does not explain the decision to use litigation in these cases, that the alleged failure of litigation in these cases might not be failures at all, and that regulation by litigation is not the unmitigated evil the authors of the book suggest.


Summary Plasmodesmata (PD) are microscopic pores connecting plant cells and enable cell‐to‐cell transport. Currently, little information is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating PD formation and development. To uncover components of PD development we made use of the 17 kDa movement protein (MP17) encoded by the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The protein is required for cell‐to‐cell movement of the virus and localises to complex PD. Forward genetic screening for Arabidopsis mutants with altered PD binding of MP17 revealed several mutant lines, while molecular genetics, biochemical and microscopic studies allowed further characterisation. Map‐based cloning of one mutant revealed a point mutation in the choline transporter‐like 1 (CHER1) protein, changing glycine247 into glutamate. Mutation in CHER1 resulted in a starch excess phenotype and stunted growth. Ultrastructure analysis of shoot apical meristems, developing and fully developed leaves showed reduced PD numbers and the absence of complex PD in fully developed leaves. This indicates that cher1 mutants are impaired in PD formation and development. Global lipid profiling revealed only slight modifications in the overall lipid composition, however, altered composition of PD‐associated lipids cannot be ruled out. Thus, cher1 is devoid of complex PD in developed leaves and provides insights into the formation of complex PD at the molecular level. Significance Statement Plasmodesmata enable cell‐to‐cell transport, but the molecular mechanisms regulating their formation and development are not fully understood. We screened for mutants defective in binding a virus movement protein at plasmodesmata and thus identified that choline transporter‐like 1 (CHER1), which is important for genesis of secondary plasmodesmata in the shoot apical meristem and for maturation of complex PD during leaf development.


Purpose – This paper presents an approach where a survey study is combined with energy and indoor environment auditing in the built environment. The combination of methods presented in this paper is one way to obtain a wider perspective on the indoor environment and energy use and also let the people in the building voice their comments on the indoor environment. This is arguably even more important in historic buildings where many of the physical properties are to a higher degree unknown when compared with conventional buildings. The purpose of the paper is to report the experiences from this research project. Design/methodology/approach – A combination of energy and indoor environment auditing and standardized occupant surveys. Findings – The main findings in the paper are related to the good agreement between results from standardized occupant surveys and physical measurements. The possibility to triangulate problems related to poor indoor conditions was shown to be one main advantage of the combined m...


"The tumultuous 1960s brought a multitude of inter- and intrastatal conflicts in international relations. Some of them derived from extinguished disputes as a subsequent effect of the decolonisation, while others were motivated by the aggressive intentions of states to conquer other states. An example was the Yemeni Civil War (1962–1970) which came in the spotlight of the international community because two neighbours countries, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Republic involved in the internal fight. The external involvement motivated and set the scene for the United Nations Organization to intervene and mobilise a peacekeeping operation which had to observe the withdrawal of the third parties and eventually facilitate the peace process. The study aims to analyze the UN peacekeeping mechanism, which is seen as a compromise created by the bipolarization of the international system that prevented the organization from fulfilling its task of keeping the international peace. Through the case study on the Yemeni peacekeeping operation which operated from 1963 to 1964, one could learn about how UN functioned during the Cold War years, what were the underlining processes supporting the authorization process of such an operation, about the contribution of the Secretary General to the functioning of the peacekeeping mechanism and lastly how the events in Yemen underlined the impact that the interests of involved actors had on the fulfillment of the given mandate of the UN operations."


The invention relates to a cleaning and wiping device for elements in a valve tower. The device comprises a sleeve (1), a motor (2), a connecting rod (3) and a storage device (4). The sleeve (1), the motor (2), the connecting rod (3) and the storage device (4) are sequentially connected. The sleeve (1) has different structures. The motor (2) drives the sleeve (1) to rotate, so that a connector, a small porcelain bottle, a resistor, a water pipe, a capacitor and a thyristor in the valve tower are cleaned. Compared with the prior art, the cleaning and wiping device has the advantages of being simple in structure, thorough in cleaning and the like.


A micro-gas sensor array was composed of the six tin oxide thin film gas sensors with Au,Cu,or Pt metal catalyst.The sensing properties of sensors to the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were evaluated.VOCs mean VOCsmixture and formaldehyde(HCHO) in the paper,while the VOCsmixture is the mixtures of 10 ppm toluene,1 ppm acetone,5 ppm α-pinene and 10 ppm ethanol.And a multilayer neural network with an error backpropagation(BP) learning algorithm was implemented to recognize the low concentration VOCsmixture and HCHO. The results demonstrated that the micro-sensor array,plus multilayer neural network,was very effective to recognize not only low concentration single component VOCsmixture and HCHO,but also HCHO and VOCsmixture in binary mixture with small errors.


* Introduction to Patternmaking * Taking Measurements, Body Forms, Live Models * Drafting the Basic Sloper Set * Shirts * Vests * Pants * Jackets and Coats * Linings TEXT FEATURES * Pattern charts for a range of sizes * Size conversion charts * Specification sheets * Learning Activities


The TREC-2 project at Virginai Tech focused on methods for combining the evidence from multiple retrieval runs to improve performance over any single retrieval method. This paper describes one such method that has been shown to increase performance by combining the similarity values from five different retrieval runs using both vector space and P-norm extended boolean retrieval methods


This study aims to discuss tithing offerings based on the Bible Malachi 3:6-12 to see its relevance to the church today. The research was conducted at GPKB Region IV, Sadaniang District, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. The method used is a biblical hermeneutic method to interpret the biblical text and also a survey method with a quantitative approach. The finding in this study is that, tithing offerings are still relevant today because they are based on the unchanging word of God, legalized by God, and have the nature of continuity that remains a legacy for church practice.


Through analyzing the teen-ager myopia patient's psychological characteristic as well as the inconvenient myopia brings to them,the existing problems of current teen-agers' myopia eye-glasses design were discussed.The considerations were discussed from eyeglasses material,structure,style,and price. The purpose was to provide for teen-agers' myopia eye-glasses design.


The invention discloses a foldable bag and an anesthesia machine with the same. The foldable bag comprises an air bag, a lining, a cover plate and a clamp hook, wherein the lining is annular, is disposed in the air bag and radially supports the air bag; the cover plate is provided with an elastic piece and two clamp platforms, and the lining is clamped in the two clamp platforms; the clamp hook is located between a mounting position hooking the lining and a demounting position separating from the lining and disposed on the cover plate in a pivoted manner, the clamp hook and the two clamp platforms are disposed along the peripheral direction of the lining in an equal-distance manner, and the elastic piece is abutted against the clamp hook at the mounting position. The foldable bag is convenient to mount and demount, accurate and stable in structural coordination, long in service life, and the like.


The training of teachers has increasingly been the focus of critical inquiry in the field of education: What qualifications should be demanded of those entering the teaching profession? This book examines this crucial issue with an in-depth comparison of the classroom approaches and effectiveness of two groups of secondary school English teachers. Three of the six teachers studied in this book are graduates of a professional education programme, the other three, while equally well versed in subject matter knowledge, entered teaching without professional training. The book reveals that those with a teacher education background were flexible, open to innovative methods, and better able to comprehend the student's perspective. Those without such experience tended to rely on teaching techniques borrowed from undergraduate and graduate courses, or on memories of their own schooling. "The Making of a Teacher" is aimed at those curious about the theory and practice of classroom teaching and the role of pedagogical content knowledge. It should serve as a supplemental text in teaching methods and curriculum courses - not only in secondary English, but in other subject areas as well. The book also offers useful insights in the areas of staff development and school improvement.


A few little hints and tips will have glasses and contact lens wearers feeling comfortable and confident with their eye makeup.


Four non-tumoral stenoses - 2 peptic in the esophagus, and 2 postoperative in the rectosigmoid colon - have been successfully treated with Nd YAG laser without any complications. This new therapeutic technique represents a new approach to curative management and is basically capable of replacing surgical treatment.


Aim To evaluate the signficance and role between ras,c-erbB-2 onc-gene and P 53 tumor suppressor gene expression infected with bacterial L-forms in tumor of C 57 mice.Methods 10 cases of tumor and 13 cases precancerous lesion in mice infected with bacterialL-forms were studied for ras,c-erbB-2,and P 53 expression of protein and mRNA with immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ.Results The positive rate of P 21 (ras),c-erbB-2 and P 53 protein expression were 60%(6/10),70%(7/10) and 60%(6/10) in 10 cases of tumor mice,and were 15.38%(2/13),15.38%(2/13) and 38.46%(5/13) in 13 cases of precancerous lesion mice.The positive rate of ras,c-erbB-2 and P 53 mRNA expression were 50%(5/10),70%(7/10) and 50%(5/10) in 10 cases of tumor mice,and were 15.38%(2/13),0%(0/13) and 38.46%(5/13) in 13 cases of precancerous lesion mice respectively.Conclusion The results demonstrate that the abnormalities of ras,cerbB-2 and P 53 protein and mRNA expression,infection bacterial L-forms may be one of causes of tumor.They may be related to the pathogenesis and development of tumor of mice.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for processing data of an intelligent card and relates to the field of communication. In order to improve the performance of a CPU card, the technical proposal provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps: obtaining transaction data record information; concentratively caching the transaction data record information into a volatile storage medium; obtaining a custom-built storage page of the transaction data record information from the nonvolatile storage medium; and concentratively writing the cached transaction data record information into the storage page of the transaction data record information. The embodiment is suitable for the field of the intelligent card.


Many studies adopt methods of migrating switches to balance the load among multi controllers in a distributed SDN architecture, but the flow forwarded to the switches may fail and the delay will increase when the migration is carried out, and it may result in a huge economic losses. We propose SHLB, a scalable and hierarchical load balancing model for the control-plane of SDN, which effectively alleviates the load unbalancing in the control-plane by inserting a middle-plane between the control-plane and data-plane. The middle-plane shields the data-plane from control-plane, and makes the adjustments of the control-plane transparent to data-plane. In addition, SHLB avoids switches' migrations among controllers and improves the network performance greatly. Finally, the results show that compared with the 2-layer distributed SDN architecture, SHLB relieves the overload of the control-plane and improves the latency, stability and scalability of the network significantly.


The invention discloses double antenna communication device and method, wherein the double antenna communication device comprises a first antenna, a second antenna, a first communication module, a second communication module, a first switching module and a second switching module. The first communication module is provided with a first connection port and a second connection port. The second communication module is provided with a third connection port and a fourth connecting port. The first switching module switches one of the first connection port of the first communication module coupled with the first antenna and the third connection port of the second communication module according to signals. The second switching module switches one of the second connection port of the first communication module coupled with the second antenna and the fourth connection port of the first communication module according to signals.


Transfer factor (TF) was given to intensify the cell-mediated immune reactions in an atopic patient with generalized vaccinia. The patient showed marked reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, but also in nonstimulated cultures. However, later tests with mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes indicated a defective cellular defence mechanism. The addition of autologous plasma to lymphocyte cultures depressed the reactivity of PHA-stimulation considerably. Initially, the patient also showed a normal T-lymphocyte count in peripheral blood, but six months after her vaccinia, extremely high serum IgE levels and a decreased percentage of T-lymphocytes was observed. Although an evaluation of the clinical effect of transfer factor injection is difficult, it should be noted that the patient's temperature immediately fell to normal, and her general health improved following treatment.


Anderson lattice model is used to rationalize the principal features of the heavy fermion compound UGe2 by means of the generalized Gutzwiller approach (the SGA method). This microscopic approach successfully reproduces magnetic and electronic properties of this material, in a qualitative agreement with experimental findings from the magnetization measurements, the neutron scattering, and the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations. Most importantly, it explains the appearance, sequence, character, and evolution in an applied magnetic field of the observed in UGe2 ferro- and, para-magnetic phases as an effect of a competition between the f-f electrons Coulomb interaction energy and f-conduction electrons kinetic energy (hybridization)


diplomatic relationship between China and the recipient country and gives his views on the merits of the aid in each case. In Part 3, he gives a distribution of aid according to types of project. The data are clearly presented and seem reliable. In the Introduction, Bartke states his thesis, namely that China's aid is a " model" for other countries. He also makes the stronger claim that China's aid is " substantially selfless " (p. 9). Bartke himself undermines the stronger claim, by admitting and in fact detailing the dominating influence of political considerations. Bartke claims that China's aid is a " model" in two ways: first, China does not seek economic benefits from its aid and, secondly, the financial arrangements attached to the aid are very considerate. Bartke substantiates the second contention by the detailed financial information contained in Parts 1 and 2. However he does not present the information that could substantiate or refute his first contention. Donor countries have usually been criticized for tying their aid to conditions which tend to further their own interests rather than the recipients'. The recipient has had to purchase most of the equipment from the donor even if similar equipment were available from alternative sources at lower prices. The recipient has also been under pressure to grant political or economic favours to the donor. Bartke does not discuss this critical issue of tied aid and he must, to make a case for China being a " model." Furthermore, it does seem that China's aid is to some extent tied. The recipient almost always has to purchase Chinese goods and services, and, at times, has also been committed to buying Chinese imports as a method of repayment (see Pauline Lewin, The Foreign Trade of Communist China: Its Impact on the Free World (New York, 1964), p. 75). Another gap in his discussion is his failure to consider how beneficial the aid has been: for example, whether factories set up actually contributed to the economy of the recipient country.


Abstract
 The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of wood and panel density on the properties of lightweight strand boards (SB). For this purpose, we compared lightweight SBs made of low-density kiri wood (Paulownia tomentosa), medium-density pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) and high-density beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). Single-layer non-oriented SBs were manufactured with target densities of 300 and 400 kg m−3. Cohesion of beech boards was insufficient for further testing. The larger compaction ratio of kiri boards resulted in a steep density profile and mechanical properties, namely modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB), superior to those of pine boards. However, Kiri panels exhibited a higher thickness swelling (TS). MOR of kiri boards was 2.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of pine boards at 300 and 400 kg m−3, respectively, while these ratios were only 1.8 and 1.2 for MOE. We conclude that the effect of wood density on bending properties reduces as panel density increases and that the compaction ratio affects MOR more than MOE, which is mainly determined by panel density. Hence, utilization of low-density kiri wood allows reduction of board density with MOE being the limiting factor.


In this letter, we study the temporal and spatial variability of ionospheric irregularities by generating high-resolution maps of the observed amplitude scintillation index (S4) using data from a multiconstellation and multifrequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. The study is located in the Arabian Peninsula region, which falls under the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Even though the study was conducted during a solar minimum period, considerable pre-sunset scintillation occurrences have been observed between 15 and 17 local time (LT), particularly during the winter solstices. While most scintillation occurrences have been observed at low elevation (20°–25°), a considerable number of scintillation causing ionospheric irregularities have been observed toward the north, east, and southeast of the receiver location, for elevation ranging from 40° to 60°. Out of all the GNSS constellations with medium-earth-orbit (MEO) satellites, GPS was the most impacted by amplitude scintillation, while BeiDou and Galileo satellites were the least affected. It is anticipated that the patches of ionospheric irregularities reported in this work will be further enhanced, as solar activity increases in the coming years. Therefore, this work can serve as a reference for future studies during periods of increased geomagnetic activity.


Urban railways and electric vehicles will be critical in achieving city sustainability. EV shows great potential for improving railway energy efficiency. At the same time, the integration of a Photovoltaic (PV) system and an Electric Vehicle (EV) charging system is a common method of utilizing renewable resources on-the-spot. An energy storage system (ESS) can work as a shared infrastructure to combine railway, PV, and EV into a DC micro-grid. In this paper, an energy dispatch model based on the structure of the DC micro-grid and the function of each component is built and solved with Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). To investigate the model's rationality and the effects of each part on the overall cost and operation pattern, three specific cases are tested. The global cost minimization that can be obtained by using EV and ESS to absorb the energy from PV and railway has been assessed. The utilization of ESS capacity can be promoted by the integration of EV charging demand and renewable energy.


Wirelessly coupled coils are crucial for efficient power transmission in implantable biomedical devices. Previous design methods are only eligible for improving the efficiency of circular or square coils. This paper presents a method of characterizing and optimizing rectangular coils frequently used in inductively coupled systems. After a lumped component model is set up for inductive coils, the efficiency can be expressed in terms of geometrical parameters of the coils. Subsequently, the power efficiency can be plotted versus these parameters in Matlab, thus the desired coils for optimum power transfer can be obtained. With this design procedure from mathematical optimization, we eventually designed two rectangular coils spaced 10 mm apart, which achieves a power transmission efficiency of 46.4 % at a frequency of 3 MHz. The design methodology is verified by simulation and measurement.


Approximate Network on Chip (NoC) is being considered as a good solution to reduce power consumption and improve the communication efficiency. However, increasing Multi-Cell Upsets (MCU) is seriously threatening the approximate NoC reliability and causes output far away from guaranteed quality of results. In this paper, we propose an unequal message protection framework with same coding length for mitigating MCU impacts on approximate NoC. The proposed framework makes good use of side information to select the special messages from normal messages and embeds same length coding scheme for all messages while providing stronger protection capability for special messages in approximate NoCs. The effectiveness of proposed methodology is evaluated by complete fault injection, which captures the dual-voltage approximate technique, unequal message protection mechanism and MCU error propagation in a joint manner. The cycle-accurate simulation using synthetic (e.g., Transpose, Uniform) and realistic benchmarks(e.g.,VOPD and MWD) show that, compared with the state-of-the-art approximate NoC architecture, the proposed unequal message protection framework can achieve up to average 84.9% reliability improvement with 6.25% power consumption 6.9% area overhead, and 15.38% latency increase. results demonstrate that the effectiveness of proposed UMP-AxNoC achieves up to 95-99% quality of result and 84.9% higher


Background  Cryosurgery (CS) in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), especially in the face and on the scalp, has several advantages vs. other methods. Prospectively gathered long‐term results after CS are, however, scarce.


The error due to wing bending introduced into single-camera photogrammetric computations used for the determination of wing twist or control surface angular deformation is described. It is shown that the error due to wing bending when determining main wing element-induced twist is typically less than 0.05deg at the wing tip and may not warrant additional correction. It is also shown that the angular error in control surface deformation due to bending can be as large as 1deg or more if the control surface is at a large deflection angle compared to the main wing element. A correction procedure suitable for control surface measurements is presented. Simulations of the error based on typical wind tunnel measurement geometry, and results from a controlled experimental test in the test section of the National Transonic Facility (NTF) are presented to confirm the validity of the method used for correction of control surface photogrammetric deformation data. An example of a leading edge (LE) slat measurement is presented to illustrate the error due to wing bending and its correction.


Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key phenomenon in worldwide climate change. The knowledge of surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in earth sciences, central to urban climatology, global environmental change, and human-environment interactions. In this study, LST for Kushtia District, Khulna division, Bangladesh, is derived using Arc-GIS software version from the images of Landsat 8 Optical Land Imager (OLI) of 30 m resolution and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIR) data of 100 m resolution, Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) with opto-mechanical sensor and Spatial Resolution of 30 m (60 m – thermal, 15-m panchromatic) and Landsat-5 Thematic MAPPER (TM) satellites. A total time span of 20 years, starting from 1998 to 2018 is selected. At every 5 years interval starting from 1998, air temperature, LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) have been calculated. Using the equation from Landsat user's handbook, the digital number of thermal infrared band is converted into spectral radiance. Plank's Inverse Function is used to obtain the effective at-sensor brightness temperature from the spectral radiance. The surface emissivity based on NDVI classes is used to retrieve the final LST. The study reveals that LST is increasing with the passage of time. Maximum values of LST are found along the North-East and North-West regions of Kushtia district. NDVI is found to have positive correlation with LST. Also, it has been found that NDWI has little influence on LST. The reasons behind the rise and fall of LST in different years are explained from changes in total vegetation coverage and total abundance of water body coverage viewpoint. The spatial distribution figures of air temperature, LST, NDVI and NDWI could be used as a guideline for urban planning, strategies for quality improvement of urban environment and a smart solution to the reduction of LST.


The aim of this paper is to apply a perturbation approach to deal with FenchelLagrange duality based on weak efficiency to a constrained vector optimization problem. Under the stability criterion, some relationships between the solutions of primal problem and the Fenchel-Lagrange duality are discussed. Moreover, under the same condition, two saddle-points theorems are proved.


Teamwork is an essential ingredient in all levels of the engineering profession, but more importantly, it is critical to achieving success in academia, and ultimately in the workforce. Group work provides an excellent forum for students to engage in collaborative learning, thereby enhancing the ability to accomplish large-scale tasks. Unfortunately, techniques for improving group performance are rarely taught in the curriculum, so that the success of any given group is merely random. This work-in-progress is concerned with eliminating the randomization of group success by creating a model which will teach group members to effectively perform as a single unit. In this study, the authors attempt to learn why and how group self-assessment aids in improving student teamwork skills and decide if it is an effective learning tool in general.


We study the impact of future measurements of lepton-charge and forward-backward asymmetries on PDF determination. These results have been obtained employing standard profiling procedures and the open-source platform xFitter. The potential of the combination of charged-current and neutral-current Drell-Yan asymmetries in regions of transverse and invariant masses near the W/Z bosons peaks to improve the PDF uncertainties has also been explored.


The unit has a feeder canal (1) for directing glue and a row of nozzles (5) for directing glue from the nozzle unit onto a flat surface. A distribution canal network between the feeder canal and the nozzles distributes glue to the nozzles. The area of the distribution canal network has a compensation canal (9) closed to external forming a free flow channel between branches of the distribution canal network.


Objective:To study the effects of Liujing Tablet (LIT) on rats' ultrastructural changes of uterine leiomyoma and the effects of in- ducing apoptosis,so as to explore the therapeutical mechanism of Liujing Tablet.Methods:Rats' model of uterine leiomyoma were estab- lished by intramuscular injection with estrogen and progesterone,the effects of LJT on ultrastructural changes and apoptosis was as- sessed by means of electron microscopy and flow cytometry.Results:The observation of ultrastructural morphological changes showed that the cell volume of uterine leiomyoma of model group were increased,the cytoplasms were occupied by abundant myofilament with dense bodies,and the numbers of cytoplasmic organelles were increased,the results implied that the cells of uterine unstriated muscle were in a state of distinct proliferation and activity.Ultrastructural study of the cells showed that the cell volume of uterine leiomyoma in LJT group was minimized,the quantities of myofilament were diminished and the apoptotic bodies were found in addition.LJT had a marked effect in inducing apoptosis,the DNA histogram for periodical analysis of the cells showed obvious apoptotic peak,apoptotic in- dex (AI)were 35.51±5.81.Conclusion:LJT could induce apoptosis of uterine leiomyoma cells and might have an inhibitory effect on uterine leiomyoma.


The Independent Broadcasting Authority is a body with a number of different yet interrelated functions. This paper is an account of the IBA organisation and practice in each of the main engineering areas in which the Authority has statuatory responsibility. During a period of great technological change a programme of retraining combined with good communications between management and engineers has made rapid expansion possible without significant staff increases.


Molecular self-assembly, as a most studied case of self-assembly, is one of the few practical strategies for making ensembles of nano- and micro structures. As an essential aspect of the "bottom-up" approach, it is attractive for both scientific research and technological applications. Therefore a detailed understanding of the molecule-substrate and intermolecular interactions involved in the self-assembly process is of great interest.
In the first part of the thesis, the influence of the phenoxy substituents on the self-assembly of Pcs on (111)-oriented noble metal surfaces is described. The rotational degrees of freedom, characteristic for these substituents enable the formation of various stable and transient phases and allow the substituents to be arranged above the plane of the Pc core, forming a bowl-like structure, which in turn enables the interaction of the Pc core with the metal substrate. The proximity of the Pc core to the metal substrate together with the steric entanglement between neighboring substituents causes significant retardation of the thermodynamic optimization of the conformations. This accounts for the coexistence of some of the phases.
In the second part, the influence of replacing two adjacent phenoxy substituents by a rigid tetraazatriphenylene substituent on the self-assembly of Pcs is analyzed and compared to the self-assembly of the above mentioned phenoxy substituted Pcs. The rigid substituent enhances the rotational degrees of freedom of the neighboring phenoxy substituents, hence facilitates their conformational optimization. As a result, novel interactions between the Pc derivatives are enabled and the formation of ordered phases with higher surface densities compared to the previous study is observed.
In the third part, the hosting properties of a close-packed layer of phenoxy substituted Pc derivatives adsorbed on Ag(111) are investigated for the adsorption of C60 molecules. The C60 molecules bind to two clearly distinguishable sites, either to the underlying metal substrate in between two adjacent Pc derivatives or to the core of a Pc derivative. In the first case, the C60 exhibit morphologic and electronic properties analogous to those of a C60 adsorbed on clean Ag(111), whereas in the second case the electronic properties indicate a strong interaction between C60 and the phthalocyanine core.


Fungal endocarditis is a rare entity reported from 0 to 2% in many series but, although not the only one, Candida is the etiologic agent with the highest incidence. Although cases of fungal endocarditis due histoplasmosis have been described in immunocompromised patients, in the case that we are presenting, the pathogen was found in the tricuspid valve of an inmune competent patient that received clinical and surgical treatment. RESUMEN


The nuclear magnetic resonance COSY-revamped by asymmetric z-gradients experiment has been applied to a wide range of problems from functional magnetic resonance imaging to structure determination in porous media. In this article, we investigate the temporal dynamics of the experiment in the regime where the linear approximation (γμ0M0t≪1) for the signal evolution is no longer valid. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations were obtained with and without radiation damping and compared to previous analytical approximations to explore their range of validity. Experiments were performed on cyclohexane at 11.7 T, and the signal dependence on flip angle and modulation gradient strength investigated—under conditions where the effects of radiation damping were minimized. The analytical expressions were found to be valid only when diffusion effects are either negligible or when the characteristic time for diffusional attenuation is small compared to the dipolar demagnetizing time (km2D≫γμ0M0). Exc...


Intradermal inoculation of the tongue, subcutaneous, intracutaneous and intra-venous inoculation were compared in determining the relative facility with which foot-and-mouth disease infection can be produced in cattle. In seven experiments using six virus strains, least virus was required to infect by the intradermal tongue route, but wide variation was observed between the amount of virus required to infect by this route and by the subcutaneous, intracutaneous or intravenous routes. The smallest difference between tongue and subcutaneous inoculation was not significant, and the largest difference was that 250,000 times more virus was required to infect by the subcutaneous route. The readiness with which infection is produced by routes other than intradermal inoculation of the tongue may be greatly influenced by the strain of virus used. Intranasal instillation of the virus was also compared with intradermal tongue inoculation. As with subcutaneous inoculation, more virus was required for infection by the intranasal route and, similarly, the results suggest that considerable variation would be found in the amount of different strains required. A correlation is suggested between this variation and the variation observed in the 'invasiveness' of strains in cattle exposed to contact infection. Attention is drawn to the significance of the observations recorded in this paper in relation to tests of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines for non-infectivity.


N the State of California between 1910 and 1929, six thousand and fifty-five operations have been performed in public institutions of the state designed to prevent reproduction of the human species. Approximately three thousand such operations have been performed in other states during the same period. Generally speaking this practice has been carried on under the express provisions of statutes permitting voluntary sterilizations in some cases and requiring compulsory sterilizations in others. The operations most frequently used for this purpose are that of vasectomy as applied to males and salpingectomy as applied to females. We are assured by the members of the medical profession who have developed these techniques that, unlike castration and spaying, vasectomy and salpingectomy do not desexualize the individual or produce other physical or mental changes except such as may grow out of a realization that the childproducing function has been destroyed. The constitutionality of statutes providing for the sterilization of the unfit has been established in a number of states and by the Supreme Court of the United States. The courts have been more reluctant about conceding the constitutionality of statutes providing for the sterilization of criminals.' In most of the statutes which provide for the sterilization of the unfit in state institutions, there have been incorporated provisions, absolving from civil and criminal liability, those who perform such operations. As yet, none of these provisions have been passed upon by courts of review. Presumably, in order to avoid liability, the provisions of the statutes must be strictly complied with. We have no records to reveal the number of operations for sterilization which are performed in private practice. That the number is large, there seems to be no doubt. As to the nature of cases in which such private operations are performed, students of the eugenic phases of sterilization declare that persons with physical defects furnish most of them. For instance, in California, a large number of sterilizations among women are the result of tuberculosis. Defective organs such as hearts, livers, or kidneys, which would be apt to fail in the emergency of childbearing, provide the incentive of


In recent times, the trending modification of control chart is a result of its effective application in various aspects of life. In this paper, we propose a new charting scheme called mixed exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) dual-cumulative sum (CUSUM) to monitor the location parameter. The driving goal, which inspired this scheme, was the enhancement in the sensitivity of the control scheme used by analyzers in the petro-chemical industry which identify different quantities of components present in different catalysts. The proposed scheme is the combination of a dual-CUSUM chart and a time-varying EWMA chart. We explore the scheme with robust estimators by evaluating their thresholds in the presence of disturbances and contaminations. We do this by introducing both location and variance contaminants into the process environment. The average and standard deviation of the run lengths were used as the benchmark for performance evaluation through the various estimators. We applied this scheme on real life datasets from refinery laboratory statistics which is the case study.


Romashchenko and Zimand~\cite{rom-zim:c:mutualinfo} have shown that if we partition the set of pairs $(x,y)$ of $n$-bit strings into combinatorial rectangles, then $I(x:y) \geq I(x:y \mid t(x,y)) - O(\log n)$, where $I$ denotes mutual information in the Kolmogorov complexity sense, and $t(x,y)$ is the rectangle containing $(x,y)$. We observe that this inequality can be extended to coverings with rectangles which may overlap. The new inequality essentially states that in case of a covering with combinatorial rectangles,
$I(x:y) \geq I(x:y \mid t(x,y)) - \log \rho - O(\log n)$, where $t(x,y)$ is any rectangle containing $(x,y)$ and $\rho$ is the thickness of the covering, which is the maximum number of rectangles that overlap. We discuss applications to communication complexity of protocols that are nondeterministic, or randomized, or Arthur-Merlin, and also to the information complexity of interactive protocols.


Method for generating and raising a resistance to at least one biotrophic fungus genus Phakopsora ina plant or part of a plant, in which case the part of a plant comprises a tissue or a cell, the cualcomprende steps: (a) raise the amount or function of the protein of at least one inhibitor protein - 1 Bax (BI1) in the plant or at least a portion of a plant from the amount or function of protein in the starting plant or parts thereof, encuyo case ( i) plant cells stably transformed with a recombinant expression cassette containing unasecuencia nucleic acid encoding a BI1 protein in functional linkage with a promoter, in which forwarder case is heterologous to the nucleic acid sequence encoding BI1 protein; (ii) the plant is regenerated from plant cells; and (iii) the nucleic acid sequence encoding the BI1 protein is expressed in an amount, in at least one tissue opor time, sufficient to generate or enhance resistance to fungi on the plant against biotrophic unhongo genus way Phakopsora, and (b) selecting the plant or plant part in which compared to the starting plant or partegenera or increases resistance against at least one biotrophic fungus of the genus Phakopsora, in which case the proteinaBI1 is encodes a polypeptide comprising at least one sequence selected from the group componede: (a) the sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 , 26, 28, or 38; and (b) sequences having an identity of at least 70% to one of the sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 or 38, in which case the plant is soybean.


This paper discusses an investionsion designed to determine, as functions of bias- and signal-current values and of recording media and recording and play-back heads, the response characteristics of a magnetic recording system. The theoretical background presented permits the prediction of frequency response curves in terms of relative values. These curves are obtained from data determined by measurements, calculations, and experiments on the component parts of a magnetic recording system. Subsequent to the theoretical material there is a description of a systematic method for planning experimental procedure, plotting the results, and presenting the test data for a magnetic recording system. Other data displayed here proves the superiority of thin laminations (0.002 inch thick) over thick laminations (0.005 inch thick) as core material for the heads of a magnetic recording system.


A H_2 -producing bacterial strain was newly isolated and identified as Enterbacte sakazakii HP by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and detection by BBLCRYSTAL AUTOREADER.Various factors,including substrates and its concentration,initial pH,temperature and oxygen,on the hydrogen production of E.sakazakii HP have been studied extensively.Among several sugars,glucose was the favorite substrate for hydrogen production.The optimum condition for hydrogen production by Enterbacte sakazakii HP was achieved as:initial pH8.0,cell density OD_600 =0.7,temperature 35℃,glucose concentration 0.1 mol/L,oxygen concentration 0%.Under batch fermentative hydrogen production conditions,the maximal hydrogen production activity and hydrogen yield were obtained as 5.34μmol H_2 /h·mg dw and 1.94mol H_2 /mol glucose,respectively.The research results suggest that Enterbacter sakazakii HP is an ideal candidater for biological hydrogen production.


The rendering of tensor glyphs is a progressive process of visualizing the vector space both in fluid dynamics and the latest medical scanning. Nowadays, the rendering accuracy is ensured by numerical methods based on interpolation of tensor functions. The tensor glyph functions to visualize significant properties of the vector space. Not all these properties are visualized at all times. The number of properties and their unambiguity depend on the method chosen. This work presents a direct analytical expression covering rank two tensors in a plane. Unlike the methods used so far, this method is accurate and unambiguous one for tensor visualization. The method was applied to the simplest tensor type, which presented an advantage for the method's analytical approach. The analytical approach to the planar case is significant also because it provides instruction on how to expand analytical calculations to cover higher spatial dimensions. In this way, numerical methods for tensor rendering can be replaced with an accurate analytical method.


METHODS: Our study icluded 295 patient who underwent a rectosigmoidocopy examination in our endoscopy unit between January 2007 and January 2011. Rectosigmoidoscopy examinations were performed with the indications of hematochezia, distension, constipation, weight loss, abdominal pain and anemia of unknown origin. Findings were evaluated retrospectively by the evaluation of the patient records according to their ages and gender. Student t, Mann Whitney and Spearman's tests were used during data analysis.


We are into the days of technological advancement in every walk of our life, thereby making our equation of life more easy and comfortable. E-Commerce is one of those areas which have given new dimension to our Marketing ability. To this, internet service has proved a milestone in handling and completing the transaction of purchasing the product safely and comfortably. Here we should not forget the services of our Internet Banking and the logistic department of concerned company. Safety of the product during the process of delivery is another important aspect which is being taken care of by the attractive and protective Packing. Another side of the coin is purchasing the product physically from the market. Moving around in the market place at any time around the clock gives us an opportunity to gain an idea about the latest product availability and to check physically the functioning of the product against the quoted price. Here we can gain good bargaining power towards the shop keeper and can able to maintain the personal repo in a social sense. All such sort of amusement is lacking when we order the product through technical means. No doubt Ecommerce has given us much comfort on one hand but we lose the personal bonding and loyalty towards the market personnel on the other.


Climate effect caused by urbanization has been an indispensable artificial factor in research on regional climate change. Based on daily precipitation data, possible effects of precipitation on the development of three urban groups in east China are discussed. With three division methods(total population, population density and MODIS land cover), urban and rural stations are identified. The main findings are as follows. Climate effects caused by urbanization are different from place to place. In 1960—2009, the urbanization brought more precipitation to the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta city groups but had no obvious effect on the precipitation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan city group. The difference of precipitation is slight between urban and suburban areas in 1960—1979. It is more evident in 1980—2009 that urbanization has positive effects on precipitation in every city group. The difference of precipitation between urban and rural stations is sensitive to the ways of distinguishing rural from urban area, which may cause uncertainties in 1960—1979, while it is very different in 1980—2009 in which urbanization favors more precipitation in all city groups and their difference in precipitation is not sensitive to the division method.


There are several reasons for primary system leakage in pressurized water systems. The most critical areas appear to be the reactor vessel closure seal and steam generator manways. Leakage problems occur because the vessels have to be opened during each refueling outage. Leak repair cannot be done during reactor operation. It is possible only during shutdown. Also, in the vicinity of the closures, contamination is high, exposing maintenance workers to high dose rates. As a result of the experience gained from the design and manufacture of more than 60 reactor vessels and associated primary systems, Framatome, together with Electricite de France (EdF) and non-French utilities, has developed specific procedures and equipment to seal the reactor vessel and steam generator manway closures. These procedures reduce the time to refurbish seals, thereby shortening the refueling outage schedule, achieve reliable seals, thereby guaranteeing a no-leak operation, and reduce personnel exposure to radioactive hazards. Because these closures experience high pressure, high temperature, and significant transients, special care has been given to the following aspects of the procedures: specification of the proper gasket, cleanliness of the seal faces, and installation and tensioning of the retaining studs. These design procedures and equipment improvements have resulted inmore » achieving the goal of no primary system leaks, reduced maintenance costs and personnel exposure, and contributed to the achievement of higher availability of the operating plants.« less


Low-frequency noise (1/f noise) has been measured in order to analyze the Vth instability of ZnO TFTs having two different active layer thicknesses of 40 nm and 80 nm. Under electrical stress, it was found that the TFTs with the active layer thickness of 80 nm shows smaller threshold voltage shift (△Vth) than those with thickness of 40 nm. However the △Vth is completely relaxed after the removal of DC stress. In order to investigate the cause of this threshold voltage instability, we accomplished the 1/f noise measurement and found that ZnO TFTs exposed the mobility fluctuation properties, in which the noise level increases as the gate bias rises and the normalized drain current noise level(SID/ID 2 ) of the active layer of thickness 80 nm is smaller than that of active layer thickness of thickness 40 nm. This result means that the 80 nm thickness TFTs have a smaller density of traps. This result correlated with the physical characteristics analysis performmed using XRD, which indicated that the grain size increases when the active layer thickness is made thicker. Consequently, the number of preexisting traps in the device increases with decreasing thickness of the active layer and are related closely to the Vth instability under electrical stress.


Improving transistor performance by altering the properties of the silicon channel is a key challenge in electronic research; this can be done, for example, by introducing strain in the channel. In this paper, we report a study of the built-in stress due to a transistor's fabrication process, where different materials are deposited at high temperatures and then cooled down. The study is conducted by comparing finite element modeling simulations with experimental structures measured with CBED (convergent beam electron diffraction). It is found that stresses in the order of hundreds of Megapascals up to one Gigapascal can be generated in the channel of structures with typical dimensions in the hundred nanometer range.


background A previous study found hyaluronidase to be effective in the prevention of necrosis following intradermal sodium tetradecyl sulfate and 23.4% sodium chloride. There are no published dose‐response studies of hyaluronidase used in this manner. objective To conduct a dose‐response study using hyaluronidase in the prevention of necrosis following intradermal 23.4% sodium chloride. methods Study I evaluated control vs hyaluronidase groups (150,300,450 units; all in volume of 3 mL) in the prevention of necrosis following intradermal 0.25 ml 23.4% sodium chloride. Incidence and size of necrosis were compared between groups. In study II, hyaluronidase was administered in doses ranging from 18.75 to 900 units (all in volume of 3 mL) immediately following the intradermal instillation of 0.25 mL of 23.4% sodium chloride. A control group had no therapy. The incidence of necrosis was compared between groups. A dose‐response curve was constructed. Both studies were randomized and blinded and used Sprague‐Dawley rats. results A statistically significant protective effect was found in the treated vs the untreated groups in both studies. Maximal protection was achieved by 75 units of hyaluronidase and was not improved upon by higher doses. conclusion In the event of extravasation with 23.4% sodium chloride, in the model studied, one can expect maximal protection with a dose of 75 units of hyaluronidase.


The law 898/69, called the new National Security Law, didn't distinguish politics acts from crimes done by bandits. So all of them, the ones who fight against the dictatorial brazilian government and bandits, received the same trial, in a military court, and after the sentence, were sent to the Ilha Grande prison. This article intends rescue the memory and the fight of the politics prisoners to be separeted by de others prisioners and have their directs recognized and respected.


Named entity recognition and relation classification are key stages for extracting information from unstructured text. Several natural language processing applications utilize the two tasks, such as information retrieval, knowledge graph construction and completion, question answering and other domain-specific applications, such as biomedical data mining. We present a survey of recent approaches in the two tasks with focus on few-shot learning approaches. Our work compares the main approaches followed in the two paradigms. Additionally, we report the latest metric scores in the two tasks with a structured analysis that considers the results in the few-shot learning scope.


We draw attention to the bright galaxies that do not show a bar in their structure but have a flocculent spiral structure. Using the THINGS' and HERACLES' kinematic data for four barless galaxies (NGC 2841, NGC 3512, NGC 5055, NGC 7331) we built their mass models including dark halos. We concluded that the fraction of the dark matter does not exceed 50% within the optical radii of the galaxies. This is too little to explain the lack of a bar in these galaxies. In an attempt to understand the featureless structure of these galaxies we constructed several N-body models with an initially reduced content of dark matter. We concluded that, in addition to the low mass of the dark halo, the decisive factor that leads to a barless disc is the start from an initially unstable state. An isolated dynamically cold disc (with the Toomre parameter Q < 0.5) settled into rotational equilibrium passes trough the short stage of violent instability with fragmentation and formation of stellar clumps. After that, it evolves passively and ends up with a featureless structure. We assume that the barless flocculent galaxies studied in the present work may be descendants of galaxies at high redshifts with rotation curves which are consistent with the high mass fraction of baryons relative to the total dark matter halo.


Background and objective: Choice theory is a theory based on inner control psychology that believes the past significantly influences in our present life but it can't determine our current behavior. Choice theory explains that we, as humans, how to choose in order to get what we want. Due to the shortage of research about selection theory in our Iran, this study's aim was to investigate the effect of choice theory learning on the life quality and happiness in people who quit drugs. Methods: The current study was a semi - empirical research. The research plan used a pre-test and post-test plan with control group and two months follow up. Statistical society of this study included all people who quited drugs in Tehran in 2012. About 40 people who completed the addiction treatment program in addiction treatment center were selected by random cluster sampling. Then they were grouped in two categories by simple selection method as test group (20 people) and control group (20). Two questionnaires of life quality and MUNSH happiness scale were used to collect data. The selection theory learning program was administrated in twelve sessions for period of 90 minutes for test group. The repeated measures MANCOVA were used to analyze data. Results: The selection theory learning increased the life quality level (p≥0.000, F=50.85) and happiness (p≥0.000, F=573.05) test group in post-test stage. Also, the results has shown that over time the Intervention effect was a constant process in post-test and the follow up stages. Conclusion: Due to the importance of life quality level and happiness in people who quit drugs, the addiction treatment centers can help these people by learning the choice theory method to improve their life quality and increase their happiness after their addiction treatment.


IntroductionThe socio-economic transition initiated in Poland in the late 1980s is still continuing and has affected all social classes and all spheres of daily life of the people. This transition is a complex historical process, leading from the centrally planned economies of communism to a free market economy based on private property. It includes three simultaneous processes:· liberalisation and stabilisation· institutional reform· the microeconomic restructuring of existing productive capacity of the nation (1,2).Until the end of the 1980s, the Polish economy stagnated, and was characterised by permanent shortages of consumption goods. The process of transformation began in 1989 with the introduction of a stabilisation program. The major effect of the first stage of transformation, until 1992, was the restructuring of industry. The second stage, the socalled -rebound from the bottom", between 1992 and 1997, witnessed a rapid increase in GDP (2, 3). The process of transition, initiated in Poland, spread out to other Eastern and Central European countries like a -Domino Effect". The next country was Hungary and after that in the German Democratic Republic where a symbolic wall between Western and Eastern part of Berlin was demolished.The transition to free market economy has brought many social consequences, including negative ones. On one hand, the privatization resulted in the liquidation of many state enterprises and job insecurity. Poland experienced extensive changes in income distribution, which led to a growth of poverty, increase in social inequality and worsening of living standards of some social groups (4).On the other hand, political and economic reforms have also been accompanied by cultural and technological transformation. The rising democratization of social life and free access to information has promoted diffusion of the pluralism and liberalism and individual enterprise (5).There are some premises suggesting that these large-scale economic and political changes observed in Poland could have affected the biological condition of both the whole Polish population and particular social strata (6).The transition occurred at the turn of 1989 and 1990 and was very abrupt, so much so that Keane and Prasad, in their comprehensive analysis of the early phase of that transition, termed it the -Big Bang". In Poland it began with sudden liberation of price controls on food (in mid-1989) and soon afterwards on most other goods. It was followed by a period of a runaway inflation (580% in 1990) which however was soon brought down to below 20% (in 1996) by restrictive fiscal policies of the Central Bank, and to below 2% in the early 2000s.Annual percentage changes in per capita real total consumption were +7.7% in 1989, catastrophic - 26.0% in 1990, then +3.3% in 1991 and -2.1% in 1992 (2). The share of the private sector in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rose rapidly from 30% in 1990 to 75% in 2002 (7, 8). Income differences by education rose markedly (9). Prior to transition, the wage structure was highly compacted. During the 1990s, those with college degree became much more concentrated in the upper percentiles of income distribution, while those with primary education more in the lower percentiles (10). In 2002, the average income of college graduates was as twice as that of those with trade school education (11, 12). A powerful new factor, practically non-existing in the socialist economy, appeared on the scene. This was unemployment, resulting from the disbandment of big state-owned farms and then from gradually proceeding lay-offs in heavy industry (coal-mines, steel plants, machine factories), but also in many other sectors economy, as firms felt forced to restructure and streamline by rising market competition and the necessity to reduce costs. Nation-wide rates of unemployment rose from zero in 1989 to above 16 % in 1994 (13) then dropped to about 11 % in 1998, but again increased to nearly 20 % in 2002 (14). …


In this paper we consider a reaction-diffusion model with three species arising in the context of ecology. We investigate the global existence, coexistence and the stability of the positive steady states.


In the age of fast evolution, software development project must accept many challenges of unpredicted requirements change and new technology environment. Software development processes should have adjustable and extendable features to meet the multifaceted needs of the users. Iterative and Incremental Development (IID) is a practical approach to overcome the various challenges of software development. However, continuous testing and building new versions need to spend more time and human resources that is a major obstacle of IID. The other, the iterative operations must have a sound communication skills. Lack of standard version control and intercommunication manner often lead to failure of software project. High quality Continuous Integration (CI) environment can effectively make up the defects of IID. In this paper, CI environment and advantages are deeply surveyed. In order to overcome the defects of IID, CI environment needs combine the perfect procedures and qualified tools, and concretely enhance the quality of CI environment. Based on the process quality measurement model, this paper proposes the Process Quality Improvement Mechanism (PQIM). Applying PQIM, in software development, the processes problems and the CI environment quality defects can identify timely and indeed revise to reduce the risk of


This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of two new coordination compounds of the active pharmaceutical ingredient metformin and transition metals. The cobalt compound with the formula [Co(Met)3][CoCl4]Cl·3H2O is a complex salt formed by a cationic Co(III) octahedral and anionic Co(II) tetrahedral subunits. The Cu(II) complex is represented by the formula [(Cu(Met)Cl)2-μ-Cl2] and is a dimeric compound with two chloride anions acting as a bridge, forming shared-edge square pyramidal units. Both compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis.


A coarse grain model for phospholipids was systematically parametrized to mimic structural properties obtained from an atomistic simulation of a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer. The model semiquantitatively reproduces the cross-sectional structure of a preassembled phospholipid bilayer obtained from an atomistic simulation; a property that was not directly fit. The model is sufficiently fast to permit the simulation of the self-assembly of the bilayer starting from a random configuration.


Using multiple surface observational data at high spatial and temporal resolutions,in conjunction with high resolution data produced using the Doppler weather radar three-dimensional digital mosaic system and the four-dimensional variational assimilation retrieval technique,the severe squall line event that occurred over the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins during 3-4 June 2009 is analyzed,focusing on its formation background and mature-stage features.The strong northwest flow behind the upper trough and the local warming of surface layer due to clear sky solar radiation provided large scale conditions for the formation and accumulation of convective instability energy.The dry ambient atmosphere at the low level with a large temperature lapse rate was favorable for the occurrence of disastrous gale at the surface during the squall line event.The evolution of the squall line and the associated severe convective weather phenomena during its life cycle is described.The surface thunderstorm high and the gust front developed into the most intense ones at the mature stage,when the area the severe convective weather phenomena occurred was largest.At its mature stage,the horizontal size of the squall line system reached the upper limit of meso-β scale,with double bands of strong radar echo inside.The features of cloud and weather phenomena associated with the two bands differed significantly.Based on the retrieved wind field,the vertical distributions of horizontal divergence and vertical velocity at four subregions of the squall line system,namely,the weak echo region before the squall line(P),the strong convective echo band in the squall line main body(C),the secondary strong echo region in the stratiform region(S),and the transition zone(T) are analyzed.There is descending motion within subregions T and S at the middle-and low-levels,with the descending in subregion T being stronger.The stronger downdrafts and thinner layer of divergence at low attitudes within subregions T and S are closely related to the disastrous gale at the surface.


As evaluated by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, the keto-enol equilibrium of 2-phenyl-, 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, and 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-indandione in chloroform lies far on the side of the diketo forms 1a–c. Whereas the enol tautomers 2a and 2c are favoured in dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-indandione prefers the diketo form 1b even in this solvent.


Heat-up times derived from studies on the ignition characteristics of a few model composite solid propellants, containing polystyrene, carboxy-terminated polybutadiene, plasticised polyvinyl chloride and polyphenol formaldehyde as binders, show that they are directly proportional to the mass of the sample and inversely proportional to the hear flux. Propellant weight-loss prior to ignition and high pressure ignition temperature data on the propellants, ammonium per chlorate, and binders show that the ignition is governed by the gasification of the binder pyrolysis products. The activation energy for the gasification of the pyrolysed polymer products corresponds to their ignition behaviour suggesting that propellant ignition is controlled by the binder.


The present invention relates to a one-time-use amperometric detection method for simultaneously detecting hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin, the method being capable of simply and safely detecting with a high sensitivity total hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin, which are present in the blood. The concentrations of hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin in a blood sample can be rapidly and precisely measured since an amperometric method is used instead of a measurement method such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or impedance method, which has been conventionally used, and diabetes can be effectively diagnosed by an on-site one-time-use amperometric analysis method since the concentrations of hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin can be simultaneously measured, so as to obtain the ratio thereof without a step of isolating the two materials.


Hot electron intraband luminescence from plasmonic nanostructures is of critical importance for integrated photonic devices and applications in ultracompact nanospectrometer, bioimaging, information encryption et al. Although, the past few decades have witnessed tremendous progress in enhancing the luminescence efficiency of plasmonic nanostructures, the luminescence is usually unpolarized or partially polarized and difficult to be tailored because of its incoherent and broadband feature, significantly limiting its applications. Here the current limitation, demonstrating extremely polarized hot electron intraband luminescence with record‐high degree of linear polarization (≈1) and ≈40 000‐fold enhancement from judiciously designed aluminium (Al) plasmonic nanostructures, is broken through. The designed nanostructures exhibit strong polarization‐dependent anisotropic scattering across the visible band which efficiently modulates the luminescence in orthogonal directions. Leveraging this appealing feature, high‐contrast analyzer controlled optical image encryption and camouflage for information security applications are demonstrated. This research lays the groundwork for integrated nonlinear photonic devices based on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible plasmonic materials and paves the way for ultracompact on‐chip photonic devices demanding polarized white light sources.


A striking aspect of flowering plants is that, although they seem to display a great diversity of size and shape, they are made of the same basics constituents, that is the cells. The major challenge is then to understand how multicellular tissues, originally undifferentiated, can give rise to such complex shapes. We first investigated the uncharacterised signalling network of auxin since it is a major phytohormone involved in flower organogenesis.We started by determining the potential binary network, then applied model-based graph clustering methods relying on connectivity profiles. We demonstrated that it could be summarise in three groups, closely related to putative biological groups. The characterisation of the network function was made using ordinary differential equation modelling, which was later confirmed by experimental observations.In a second time, we modelled the influence of the protein dimerisation sequences on the auxin interactome structure using mixture of linear models for random graphs. This model lead us to conclude that these groups behave differently, depending on their dimerisation sequence similarities, and that each dimerisation domains might play different roles.Finally, we changed scale to represent the observed early stages of A. thaliana flower development as a spatio-temporal property graph. Using recent improvements in imaging techniques, we could extract 3D+t cellular features, and demonstrated the possibility of identifying and characterising cellular identity on this basis. In that respect, hierarchical clustering methods and hidden Markov tree have proven successful in grouping cell depending on their feature similarities.


Simple Summary Selection for high egg production in laying hens has led to an increased calcium requirement and consequently to an intensified calcium mobilization from the bones. However, excessive demineralization can lead to osteoporosis, which is manifested by a high incidence of bone-damaged hens. In this study, we characterized the adaptation response of laying hens to a repeated dietary calcium restriction (1.09% instead of 4.26% calcium) by means of egg production, eggshell quality, body weight and bone stability. The animal model included four layer lines differing in performance level (high vs. moderately performing lines) and phylogenetic origin (white-egg vs. brown-egg layers). We assumed that the high performing lines would respond by maintaining egg production level at the expense of eggshell quality and bone health. Egg production and eggshell quality declined considerably and bone demineralization occurred in all lines. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was evidence that phylogeny rather than performance level influenced the hens′ response. The brown-egg lines appeared to be more tolerant to the calcium depletion, while the white-egg lines were more sensitive. Our findings demonstrate the influence of genetics on the adaptive capacity of chickens and underline the importance of preserving genetic variability to cope with potential future environmental challenges. Abstract In modern laying hybrids, calcium (Ca) homeostasis is immensely challenged by daily eggshell calcification. However, excessive mobilization of Ca from bones may lead to osteoporosis, which then manifests in a high incidence of poor bone quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the hens' adaptation response to an alternating dietary Ca restriction. The animal model consisted of four purebred layer lines, differing in laying performance (high vs. moderately performing lines) and phylogenetic origin (white- vs. brown-egg lines). According to the resource allocation theory, hens selected for high egg production were assumed to show a different response pattern to cope with this nutritive challenge compared to moderately performing lines. Data collected included egg number, egg quality traits, body weight and bone characteristics. The Ca depletion led to a temporary drop in egg production and shell quality and a loss of bone stability due to Ca mobilization. The white-egg lines response was more pronounced, whereas the brown-egg lines were less sensitive towards reduced Ca supply. Our study shows that the hens' responsiveness to coping with a nutritive Ca depletion is not ultimately linked to genetic selection for increased egg production but rather to phylogenetic origin.


Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins are the most toxic substances known and form the growing family of clostridial neurotoxins. They are composed of a metalloprotease light chain (L), linked via a disulfide bond to a heavy chain (H). H mediates the binding to nerve terminals and the membrane translocation of L into the cytosol where their substrates, the three SNARE proteins, are localised. L translocation is accompanied by unfolding, and it has to be reduced and reacquire the native fold to exert its neurotoxicity. The Thioredoxin reductase–Thioredoxin system is responsible for the reduction, but it is unknown whether the refolding of L is spontaneous or aided by host chaperones. Here we report that geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90, hampers the refolding of L after membrane translocation and completely prevents the cleavage of SNAREs. We also found that geldanamycin strongly synergises with PX‐12, an inhibitor of thioredoxin, suggesting that the processes of L chain refolding and interchain disulfide reduction are strictly coupled. Indeed we found that the heat shock protein 90 and the Thioredoxin reductase–Thioredoxin system physically interact on synaptic vesicle where they orchestrate a chaperone‐redox machinery which is exploited by clostridial neurotoxins to deliver their catalytic part into the cytosol.


Abstract The paper which follows gives the historical and contemporary background to the present on‐going attempt of the Union of Freethinkers in Finland to gain acceptance for a new syllabus in moral education in the curriculum of Finnish schools. An outline is given of their linguistic approach to moral education which draws on many insights from thinkers and practitioners world‐wide and attempts to promote a positive identity among non‐believers. The proposal is offered as a possible model for other non‐doctrinaire teaching plans and the author would welcome any observations on its relevance and potential use in other countries of the world.


We developed a new system to capture jaw movement. It consists of two magnets and biaxial fluxgate sensors. A magnet is fixed to a tooth in the bottom jaw of the subject and another is fixed to the subject's forehead. The system can naturally detect movement of the jaw as a rigid body, because it does not require such attachments as a clutch inside the mouth or a magnetic field sensor array in contact with the head. In this paper, we investigate five error sources of the jaw-tracking system, using a jaw model, and report the achievement of a positional accuracy of 1.5 mm and an axial accuracy of 2 degrees. Positional accuracy within 2 mm is achieved as a rigid body.


This paper deals with the study of a variable mass dynamic where is developed the Atwood machine experiment with variable mass of a resting chain in which one end is attached to a fine string which passes over a pulley and carries a weight. The damped harmonic oscillation was observed. The Newton's second law was employed to obtaining of the upward motion of the chain. Using a digital camera and free software VirtualDub it was possible to record the evolution of the space-time and to reproduce it in a number of frames in a low cost operation. Good agreement was obtained between experimental results and the predictions of the movement dynamical variables. Comparisons between these results and those obtained using expensive photogates were done. These photogates shown bad results of the measurements done at the beginning of the movement.


The CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will upgrade the photon detection and readout systems of its barrel and endcap hadron calorimeters (HCAL) through the second long shutdown of the LHC in 2018. The upgrade includes new silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), SiPM control electronics, signal digitization via the Fermilab QIE11 ASIC, data formatting and serialization via a Microsemi FPGA, and data transmission via CERN Versatile Link technology. The first prototype system for the endcap HCAL has been assembled and characterized on the bench and in a test beam. The design of this new system and prototype performance are described.


Recent years, there were many piers constructed in tail reach of Yongjiang River. This made river channel in estuarial reach shrank gradually, which in turn influenced the shipping ability of estuarial area. Taking Qingshuipu pier that would be constructed in the left bank of Yongjiang river estuarial reach as an example, a numerical simulation have been done, and resistance parameter had been proved reasonably by author. The flow pattern, backwater height and channel scour-fill intensity near the pier trestle have been studied in different kinds of flood and tidal stencils. In engineering project, the trestle prevents flood from diffusing by dipping into the river. Meanwhile, backwater and deposition occur in the bank, which have impact on flow capacity. If the siltation in the area accumulates, then, point bar could not be scoured adequately in great flood period, which will force mainstream to move towards right bank. Based on the backwater and local scouring and silting situation near the pier trestle, the author puts forward a revised proposal and gains a preferable result. So, reasonable pier arrangement is the important condition for keeping steady and healthy to the tail reach of tidal river.


By using the method of questionnaire,the paper analyzes the present situation of PE teachers' thought and behavior of education,and analyses the connections of the thought and behavior too.In accordance with the existing problems,the paper puts forward some measures to remold the thought and behavior.They are as follows: to integrate the thought and behavior,to internalize the thought and behavior,to remold the thought and behavior by different ways;to establish operating mechanism of quality education;to bring the initiative of the teachers into full play.


Results of the analysis of different theories connected with the psychological time of personality, which worked out both in native and foreign psychology, are discussed in the article. Besides, the author's conception of this problem, based on results of own researchers is worked out. In the article problems of designing of research methods are talked over. This work would be interesting for specialists in psychology, sociology and social work, which are interested in problems of time context of psychological life of personality.


Described herein is a method of determining the accurate positioning of a device within a patient anatomy. In one aspect, the method comprises generating a first model of at least one anatomical passageway from anatomical data describing the patient anatomy, determining a shape of a device positioned within branched anatomical passageways of the patient anatomy, the device including a plurality of sections, each section of the plurality of sections having a distinct physical property, computing a set of deformation forces for each section of the plurality of sections of the device, and generating a second model of the device positioned within the plurality of branched anatomical passageways by adjusting the first model based upon the determined shape of the device and the set of deformation forces for each section of the plurality of sections of the device.


Temporal graphs represent interactions between entities over time. Deciding whether entities can reach each other through temporal paths is useful for various applications such as in communication networks and epidemiology. Previous works have studied the scenario in which addition of new interactions can happen at any point in time. A known strategy maintains, incrementally, a Timed Transitive Closure by using a dynamic data structure composed of $O(n^2)$ binary search trees containing non-nested time intervals. However, space usage for storing these trees grows rapidly as more interactions are inserted. In this paper, we present a compact data structures that represent each tree as two dynamic bit-vectors. In our experiments, we observed that our data structure improves space usage while having similar time performance for incremental updates when comparing with the previous strategy in temporally dense temporal graphs.


Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is of benefit for children and adolescents affected with malignancies which are refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Since the first HSCT took place in 1957 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetics were unravelled, thousands of patients have been virtually cured from their disease after undergoing HSCT. Eligibility criteria, donor selection, stem-cell source, conditioning regimen, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, and supportive therapy evolved over time and contributed to the reduction in transplant-related mortality. In this chapter, alternative donors are mentioned and the excursus which led to ongoing haploidentical HSCT approaches are detailed. Issues related to HSCT in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (the most frequent indication for HSCT in paediatrics), acute myeloid leukaemia, and solid tumours are discussed. The impact of minimal residual disease on HSCT outcome in ALL, strategies to exploit the graft-versus-tumour effect in solid tumours, and post-HSCT immunotherapy are highlighted.