. During the process of new construction and demolition of old buildings, a huge amount of waste is generated. In some regions, the construction industry is responsible for more than half of the solid waste generated. From a technical point of view, it is impossible to completely eliminate construction waste, but it must be managed to minimize the negative impact on the environment. The goal of all participants in the project work program should not only be to complete the construction of the building as soon as possible, but also to comply with environmental requirements. In developed countries, for several decades, the rules for handling such waste have been introduced at the legislative level, and they are constantly being improved. At the state level, laws are passed regarding the recycling and reuse of building materials in order to reduce waste. Scientists are also developing waste management strategies and models for construction and demolition. As a result, up to 90% of such waste "gets a second life", i.e. reused in the manufacturing process. In Russia, this problem has not yet been given enough attention, which is why no more than 30% of construction waste is reused. This article analyzes the causes of waste generation in the construction sector, highlights their main categories. To solve the problem, recommendations are proposed on some promising areas for the development of the construction industry. The need to amend the legal framework governing the process of construction and demolition (C&D) was noted. As an innovative vector of development, the potential of building information modeling (BIM) technology for managing the design and construction of buildings, including waste management, is being explored. It is noted that BIM allows you to effectively manage construction and demolition waste, avoiding problems at all stages of the building life cycle. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed for the implementation of specific measures for the construction waste management strategy using BIM.


The urgency of the studied problem is because in conditions of significant socio-economic changes, the system of human resource management technologies becomes significant, especially relevant is the use of the potential of leadership influence. In this regard, this article is aimed at revealing the problem of developing leadership qualities of heads of preschool education institutions. The article highlights current issues of leadership development of future heads of preschool education. The leading method of the research of this problem is the analysis of the researched problem in pedagogical theory and practice and experimental check of pedagogical conditions of formation of leadership qualities of future heads of preschool educational institutions that allows to reveal and characterize features of formation of leading qualities of future heads of preschool educational institutions. The article identifies the components, criteria, indicators and describes the levels of leadership development of future leaders of preschool education. The basic concepts of the problem are defined: leader, leadership, professional qualities of the leader, leadership qualities of future heads of preschool educational institutions, pedagogical conditions of formation of leadership qualities of future heads of preschool educational institutions. Relevant requirements to the personal and professional qualities of a leader are revealed. The structural components of leadership qualities of future heads of preschool education institutions are characterized, namely: motivational-value, integrative-activity, directional-activity, emotional-reflexive. The pedagogical conditions of the formation of leadership qualities of future heads of preschool education institutions are substantiated. The offered materials of the article represent practical value for heads of preschool education institutions, educators-methodologists, and future teachers of preschool education.


The purpose of this paper is to identify and justifies implementation of the trinity concept architecturaldesign conceived by Vitruvius, the architect who existed in the first century AD, to explore the design conceptof Mapolda building in Central Sulawesi as a representation of the new paradigm of policing.Function (utilities), the structure and construction (firmitas), aesthetics (venustas) is a parameter that is usedto trace the application of theory Vitruviuas to the building is designed and located in Palu. While local andglobal aspects are used as a benchmark tracking the totality of the concept of shape and appearance ofbuildings.Mapolda building design in Central Sulawesi is to apply the idea of the trinity of architecture Vitruviusthrough recomposition fisik function and psychological function. Aspects of utility and venustas appliedthrough spin-structure that supports forms, the beauty is achieved through good and if the mass of thebuilding facade elements. Maleo endemic birds combined with the modernization of building materialscomplement the concept of performance as a whole


In this paper, the optimal sizing design of truss structures with discrete variables is studied using modified binary particle swarm optimization (Modified BPSO), in this modified method different definitions in common binary PSO algorithm have been presented. The objective function considered is the total weight of the structure subjected to material and performance constraints in the form of stress and deflection limits. The Modified BPSO is population based optimization algorithm which was inspired by the social behavior of birds. Individual birds in the flock exchange information about their position, velocity and fitness, and the behavior of the flock is then influenced to increase the probability of migration to regions of high fitness. The calculation results show that the Modified BPSO is able to achieve better results in comparison with conventional mathematical, genetic algorithm and harmony search algorithm methods used in truss structures.


CC-LINK fieldbus is now a kind of fieldbus in wide application. Introduction was made to the design method of the fieldbus control technology in application of polypropylene thin film product line. The electrical control of the product lines was mainly devided into pace chain transmission control system, temperature control system, thickness measurement control system and awxiliary control system. Hardware setting of the bus system and software programming were analyzed. The adopted CC-LINK fieldbus had realized control equipment's high speed response, automatic control and safety operation.


Sirs, In their paper Scanlon ez al. (1986) reported that the TSH response to acute dopamine receptor blockade is exaggerated in most patients with prolactinoma but not in those with stalk compression hyperprolactinaemia and suggested this to be helpful diagnostically. These results are in agreement with our data in 22 surgically treated patients for tumorous hyperprolactinaemia in whom the domperidone test was employed (Massara el al., 1983). In fact none of five patients with non PRL-secreting adenomas had an exaggerated TSH response to domperidone, while this pattern was present in all but two patients with prolactinoma (Fig. 1). Thus, our results and those of Scanlon et al. (1986) show that the presence of an exaggerated TSH response to a dopamine antagonist provides evidence against the presence of stalk compression hyperprolactinaemia while a normal or reduced TSH response to domperidone dose not exclude the presence of a prolactinoma. Basal plasma PRL levels in non PRL-secreting tumours are generally lower then those observed in prolactinomas but in some cases they are superimposable. Therefore differential diagnosis between these two types of tumour is not always easy and sometimes only tests with dopamine antagonists can provide essential information. This was the case of one of our patients in whom mildly elevated plasma PRL levels (35 ng/ml) and an increase in size of the macroademona during a 6-month treatment with 10 mg daily of bromocriptine indicated the presence of a non PRL-secreting tumour. Only the exaggerated TSH response to domperidone suggested the presence of a prolactinoma


Abstract Extract One of the most important bases for grading a carcass is a knowledge of its age. However, under actual meatworks conditions, the exact date of birth of sheep that are delivered for slaughter is not known. The approved method for estimating the age in this species is by examination of the teeth, but the grader is unable to check the teeth because the head will have already been removed from the carcass as a part of the normal dressing procedure.


In this paper, we study multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of semilinear elliptic equations with the nonlinearity containing singularity and Hardy-Sobolev exponents. Using variational methods, we establish the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the problem.


In the Branch of computer Science handwritten script recognition is demanding part. Projected work is highlighting on the "block level technique. In this wok we use the feature extraction technique for the recognition and we combined approach of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and discrete wavelets Transform (DWT) for feature extraction and neural network (feed forward back propagation) classifier for classification and recognition purpose. The projected work has been experiment on three handwritten scripts Hindi, English and Urdu. For this work we create a database. That contains 9862 handwritten samples, written in three scripts.


Studies related to plant pigments are one of the oldest areas of work in plant science. Nature produces a variety of compounds appropriate for food colouring called pigments that absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others. The improvement of dietary values of crops to supplement the diet with nutrients plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases and to improve the quality of life. From an economic perspective, the most obvious contribution of plant pigments is with regard to consumer choice of fresh fruits, vegetables and floricultural products. The impact of the pigments is often much wider i.e., they are of economic importance as flavour and colour components of different food components, teas, wine and other beverages, as natural food colorants, as plant defence agents and for amelioration of damaging UV light. This article presents a general overview of the major plant pigment groups and their diversity and function in generating the range of colours observed in plants and impact on human health.


In order to design a convenient, intelligent, low intelligent home system. This paper is based on the STM32 microcontroller. TCP/IP communication protocol is used as the communication mode of Android application. At the same time, the Modbus communication protocol is used as the communication mode of the touch screen terminal and the host. With the infrared remote control module and the thermal sensing module as the auxiliary control, the comprehensive function of the intelligent home control system is realized. Experimental results show that the system is simple and reliable, and it has wide application and popularization value.


To compare tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of patients with cervical locally advanced adenocarcinoma (AC)/adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).


This paper selects the data of A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2017 as a research sample, and explores the relationship between executive incentives, equity concentration and financial risk through empirical analysis. The study found that the relationship between compensation incentives and financial risks is a non-linear positive U-shape, and equity incentives and financial risks are linearly negatively correlated. The research contribution is mainly based on the industry-wide research sample to deeply explore the true impact of executive incentives on financial risks. The conclusion is more universal; it provides reference for enterprises to reduce financial risks and optimize capital structure from the perspective of internal governance.


To the Editor:— My discussions with doctors at medical meetings lead me to believe that many bizarre and/or fatal reactions of sensitivity to antibiotics have been noted and left unreported by individual physicians. Information concerning these reactions would be valuable. I would like to appeal to all physicians in this country to forward to me a brief account of any curious reactions which they may have noted in the course of therapy with penicillin, streptomycin, bacitracin, tyrothricin, aureomycin or chloramphenicol (chloromycetin®).


Enhancement of the renin angiotensin II (AngII) system has been implicated in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in animal models as well as in clinical studies. However, detailed molecular mechanism(s) by which AngII promotes AAA remain uncertain. We have demonstrated the critical roles of a metalloprotease, ADAM17, in AngII signal transduction in cultured vascular cells. Endothelial AT1 receptor has been recently implicated in oxidative stress. Interestingly, others have reported that ADAM17 expression was enhanced in CaCl2-induced AAA in mice and that systemic ADAM17 silencing attenuated AAA formation. However, the cell type that is mediating the deleterious effect of ADMA17 signaling is not well understood. Here we tested our hypothesis that endothelial ADAM17 activation is required for AngII-promoted AAA formation using ADAM17flox/flox mice bred with Tie2 Cre transgenic mice. 8 week old mice were co-infused with AngII 1000 ng/kg/min (4 weeks) and beta-aminopropionitrile, a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, 150 mg/kg/day (2weeks) or control saline (4 weeks) via osmotic mini-pump, and AAA formation was evaluated by the diameters. AAA formation was attenuated in ADAM17flox/flox Tie2 Cre(+/-) mice compared with ADAM17flox/flox Tie2 Cre(-/-) mice (1.50±0.44 mm vs 3.96±0.61 mm). Cardiac hypertrophy evaluated by heart weight body weight ratio was also attenuated in the Tie2 Cre(+/-) mice (0.0063±0.0005 vs 0.0092±0.0013). However, AngII induced hypertension to a similar degree in both mice groups, as assessed by telemetries. The ADAM17 deletion was associated with less oxidative stress as assessed by anti-nitrotyrosine IHC and less extravascular fibrosis/matrix deposition. Also, the aorta was less stained with MMP2 antibody and phospho-JNK antibody. In conclusion, endothelial ADAM17 appears to be a critical metalloprotease contributing to AAA formation and cardiac remodeling but not hypertension induced by AngII. The mechanism by which endothelial ADAM17 promotes AAA seems to involve induction of oxidative stress, JNK activation and subsequent MMP2 induction.


For color image providing more information than monochrome image, detecting Regions of Interest in color image is being paid more and more attention. In this paper, the current technique for detecting ROI is surveyed. After the introduction of color space, some typically methods are discussed in detail respectively. At the end, several research trends of ROI detection are given. After the discussed above, the saliency map and the fuzzy approaches will have a promising application in color image processing area.


Dense comedones are common in patients with acne vulgaris, and promoting treatment can prevent the progression of acne lesions. However, the efficacy‐time conflict makes the treatment challenging and the medication options are limited by the side effects.


In the above article [1] , references in Tables VI and VII are incorrect. The correct references are shown in the tables here.


Objective is to study the consistency, stability and effectiveness of the evaluation index system of college students, and to analyze the reliability of the teaching quality evaluation system, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the mechanism of "evaluating education by evaluation". The methodexpounds the theoretical basis of reliability analysis. Based on SPSS statistical analysis software, through the re-measurement reliability analysis method and the cloned Bach coefficient (α coefficient), the statistical analysis of the evaluation results of college students is carried out, and the reliability coefficient of the teaching quality evaluation system is calculated. The results obtained the correlation coefficient and the clone Bach coefficient of the evaluation scale. It is known from the calculation results that the evaluation scale has good correlation and good internal consistency. In Conclusion, the teaching quality evaluation system of the school is relatively stable and passed the internal consistency test, but it still needs to further improve the evaluation system of college students. The evaluation results can be maximized in the teaching of teachers, thus improving the quality of teaching.


Despite the seemingly apparent convergence over the endogeneity of money in recent years with the rise of New Consensus models, there is still considerable disagreement over the nature and role of interest rates in monetary theory and policy, both within the mainstream as well as among heterodox approaches. Conventional theory suggests that the rate of interest is the price of money, which equilibrates the demand for and supply of money. In this context, the analysis of money is similar to that of any other good, where any excess supplies or demands lead to either a decrease or an increase in the price. Indeed, the purported role of the rate of interest is to clear the money market and, in so doing, contribute to the regulation of economic activity. Yet, the theory of endogenous money necessarily challenges this vision. By stipulating that the supply of money adapts to the demand for credit, there is no longer an equilibrating role for the rate of interest: Because supply adapts to demand, there cannot be


HLA class I monomorphic monoclonal antibody Yu-3-20A, HLA class II monomorphic monoclonal antibody TOK39-4, and HLA-A and -B interlocus monoclonal antibody TOK45-3A were used in the ELISA assay of platelets. We used 9 samples from the A24-negative and Bw4-negative, 15 samples from the A24-positive, 10 samples from the Bw4-positive, and 18 samples from the A24-positive and Bw4-positive individuals. The monoclonal antibody Yu-3-20A showed the identical positive reactivity with all of the platelets used. The monoclonal antibody TOK39-4 showed no reactivity with any of the platelets. The monoclonal antibody TOK45-3A showed positive reaction with an O. D. value of 0.741±0.271 with 25 samples of the platelets possessing either A24 or Bw4. It also showed reaction with an O. D. value of 1.535±0.253 with the platelets possessing both of the A24 and Bw4. This results indicate that the reactivity with HLA-A and -B interlocus monoclonal antibody correlates with the HLA phenotype of platelets.


1) General Anatomy: Human Phylogeny and Ontogeny, Overview of the Human Body, Surface Anatomy of the Body Landmarks and Reference Lines, The Bones and Joints, The Muscles, The Vessels, The Lymphatic Systems and Glands, General Neuroanatomy 2) The Musculoskeletal System: The Trunk, The Upper Extremity, The Lower Extremity Each Musculoskeletal Section includes sub-chapters on: Bones, Ligaments, and Joints Descriptive Anatomy of the Musculature Topographic Anatomy of the Musculature Descriptive Anatomy of the Neurovascular Structures Topographic Anatomy of the Neurovascular Structures.


Jingangshan Natural Reserve in Jiangxi Province is located in the east of middle subtropical zone.Evergreen broad-leaved forest,dominated by constructive species like Castanopsis egrei,belongs to major natural vegetation in this area.Community Charactistics and Species diversity of Castanopsis egrei community were studied and analyzed,the result of which will provide science basis for diversity protection and sustainable utilization of Castanopsis egrei communty.


THE INVENTION RESPECT TO THE NEW SYSTEM ORP LIPOSOLUBLE AND ITS APPLICATION TO REACTIONS EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL MONOMERS REVERSE HYDROSOLUBLE REAGENTS. THIS SYSTEM ORP COMPRISES THE ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDE TORQUE, ESPECIALLY THE HYDROPEROXIDE cUMENE WITH CHLORIDE tHIONYL. IT ALLOWS TO GET QUICKLY FROM VINYL MONOMERS SOLUBLE POLYMERS OF HIGH mOLECULAR WEIGHT OF cOPOLYMER AS ACRYLAMIDE-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate salified or quaternized.


Telepresence systems allow a human operator to act in a remote, inaccessible, dangerous or scaled environment and receive feedback from it without physically being there. Applications range from underwater and space teleoperation to minimally invasive surgery and nano-manipulation. The haptic (motion and force) feedback system - additional to the auditory and visual modality - enables the realistic and efficient manipulation in the remote environment. Ideally, a telepresence system is transparent, i.e. the human cannot distinguish between direct and tele-interaction with the remote environment.

Stability and transparency of haptic telepresence systems over non-ideal communication networks are challenging control problems.
The human operator and the remote environment are both unknown dynamical systems in a global closed control loop. Additionally, the human operator plays a special role in the closed control loop, in that he/she a) is coupled with the telepresence system through energy exchange, affecting it with his/her dynamics, and b) perceives the remote environment through the telepresence system with the degree of transparency strongly influencing his/her evaluation thereof. Consequently, the human operator should be an inextricable component of the control design process. The global control loop is closed through a communication network with time delay and other network-induced unreliabilities, such as packet loss. Without further control measures this may degrade the transparency of the telepresence system and even destabilize it. An additional challenge are the limited network resources, e.g. in underwater or space teleoperation. The ultimate goal would be to mitigate this, without impairing the system stability or distorting the human user experience.

This dissertation provides a comprehensive control-design concept for telepresence systems over non-ideal communication networks by bringing the perspectives of stability, transparency, and network utilization together using a common point of reference: the human operator.
A novel control framework is proposed, in which the exact modeling of dynamics is circumvented through the use of the theory of dissipative systems.
We manage to guarantee stability with communication unreliabilities and to improve the transparency of the system despite having only approximate knowledge on the human operator's (or other subsystems') energetic behavior.
Unique compared to existing literature is the utilization of the grip force of a human operator. Using this haptic measure, the human arm dynamics can be estimated online and used for the parametrization of the control mechanisms.
Finally, with regard to the communication-related challenges, an efficient method of transmitting haptic data is developed considering human factors, such as the haptic discrimination abilities of the human and the task performance. Haptic data can be reduced significantly, without impairing the human's perception of the remote environment.
The proposed methods are, throughout the thesis, extensively evaluated on telepresence systems with multiple degrees-of-freedom.


Rapid development of technology has become an inseparable part of life. This poses a challenge for the world of education to be able to take advantage of technological developments in achieving educational goals. However, switching from a direct learning model to technology-based learning requires a lot of effort and money. However, this can be started with the Blended Learning Model. This study aims to analyse whether student learning outcomes are better with the application of Blended Learning using e-learning and to describe how student learning activities with the Blended Learning model. This type of research is a combination of quasy-experiment and descriptive research. The research data are the value of the midterm exam and the final semester test scores after the implementation of the learning Blended Learning model which will be analysed. Therefore, it can be compared students' learning outcomes using the Blended Learning model with student learning outcomes with the conventional learning model. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the N-gain test results obtained from the control class are better than the experimental class, which means that the use of the Blended Learning model is less effective in improving student learning outcomes in vector calculus subjects.


A detailed bibliometric analysis is presented of the articles product of the scientific activity
of the Psychology Department at the Catholic University between 1983 to 2002. In this
order the Psicodoc, PsycInfo, PsycLit databases were revised, besides other psychological
and related science journals. The collected data included for each article: author (s), other
institution that supported, year, place, type of publication, modality and source where was
found. The results showed: The production of 72 published articles in 14 journal (nine
international and five Colombian), of which in approximately eleven of the fourteen, that
is to say, the 78.6% is found included in data base or international index, nevertheless 79%
of the articles found are concentrated in colombian journals, and 20.83% in the international
journals. 43% of the articles were written by but of an author what shows an important
production in group and 57% is individual product of activity and by authors that did
not repeat. Is important also show that some authors mark the general production, is as
well as five authors concentrate 35% of the total. 65% remainder wrote between one and
two articles. Finally, the most production areas, in order, were clinical, basic and educative.
and 71% of the same one concentrates on the last five years and here is clear the so
prominent role that has had the publication of the magazine in the production of articles
51% have been published in Acta Colombiana de Psicologia.
Key words: bibliometry, history of psychology, research in psychology.


At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) an average of 17.3 inelastic collisions will occur in each beam crossing resulting in significant rates of di-muon triggers caused by muons from different interactions. Two methods to simulate muon trigger rates at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment are presented. In the first method, the detector and trigger response are simulated for single interactions and the effect of piling up multiple interactions is included by analytical calculation. The second method requires multiple interactions to be overlaid in order to construct beam crossings as at the LHC. The trigger response is simulated for these crossings allowing complex trigger conditions to be studied with, for example, topology and vertex constraints. Datasets are kept compact by piling up interactions produced in bins of muon transverse momentum.


The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the principal component structure of countermovement jumps (CMJ) in female volleyball players over the course of a competitive season. Eleven NCAA Division I female volleyball players performed CMJs on a force plate before and after a competitive season. Discrete biomechanical variables were extracted from the force-time records of all CMJs and entered into a factor analysis. The analysis yielded two factors that could account for the biomechanical structure of the CMJs: a temporal and a force factor. Although no differences in factor scores were identified between pre- and post-season testing sessions, sub-group analysis highlighted large individual changes in temporal and force factor scores.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of Intangible assets disclosure both in annual reports and on websites of top 11 Indian listed companies and also determine the extent of Intangible assets as per the category wise, element wise, sector wise, company wise and size wise. Content analysis was used to examine the intangible assets reporting of a sample of top 11 ET 500 companies selected as per market capitalization for the year 2012-13. By considering Sveiby (1997) framework, this paper reviews the annual reports and websites of the selected Indian companies. The result indicates that Intangible assets reporting is low and in narrative form. The most disclosed element are Copyright, Corporate culture, Brand, Customers, Company's name, Business collaboration, Employee education while the least disclosed element are Favorable contract and Franchising agreement. The most reported category of Intangible assets is Internal capital followed by external capital and Employee competence are the least reported category. IT sector has highest disclosure rate among all sectors and Tata consultancy services limited have the largest Intangible assets disclosure among the top 11 Indian listed companies in the year 2012-13. The results of this study are limited by small sample size and limited to only one year (2012-13) which makes it difficult to draw any trend analysis.  Intangible assets reporting may provide the direction to the accounting bodies, researchers and investors for the better decisions in the general and also for the special decisions like mergers, business collaboration, wherein the proper valuation of the organization is major decision aspect.


Development of label-free, highly sensitive, miniaturized surface plasmon resonance sensors enables real-time quantification of biomolecule interactions at atomic-levels, desirable for medical diagnostics and which will allow rapid clinical decisions. However, multi-target diagnostic assays require skilled labor, expensive materials, lengthy manual steps, as well as complicated analysis steps. Here, we develop a microfluidic-integrated digital optical disc (DVD) grating as a metasurface, which is coated with titanium-silver-gold (Ti-Ag-Au, 10, 30, and 15nm) for real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions and binding affinities. Device fabrication process consists of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic channel assembly on nanoplasmonic DVD surface gratings via double side adhesive (DSA) layers. Compared with other nano- and micro-fabrication methods, DVD-based sensor fabrication is relatively simple, cost-effective, and enables large-scale fabrication with minimum efforts. The plasmonic microfluidic chip surface was illuminated with a broadband light source and the normal reflection signal was monitored using a customized optical-setup. Maximum bulk sensitivity (337 nm/RIU) was observed with 30 seconds of etching period and low glycerol concentration (5%, v/v). Red-shifts of peak-wavelength (~16 nm) upon glycerol concentrations were observed as a function of time (seconds). A 0.6 nm peak-wavelength shift was observed in the step of EDC/NHS coupling and continuous protein A/G and G binding resulted in 0.353 ± 0.211 nm and 0.667 ± 0.116 nm (n=3, p<0.05). The presented platform could be potentially applicable to detect and real-time monitor of various biotargets including bacteria, cells, viruses, and proteins.


A method for notifying a downlink demodulation pilot frequency control signaling, comprising: by using at least one among the following information, a base station side notifying a UE side to use an index of a virtual signaling set and/or an index of a port offset signaling set when generating a downlink pilot frequency sequence and/or when mapping the downlink pilot frequency sequence generated: a UE-dedicated or shared high-layer signaling, antenna indication information of a DL_Grant, new data indication information in an invalid TB signaling in the DL_Grant, scrambling code indication information in the DL_Grant, and, in a UE-dedicated or shared search space, the aggregation level of the DL_Grant, the relative position of a first control channel unit of the DL_Grant within the UE-dedicated or shared search space, the number of a subframe where the DL_Grant is at, and the number of a system frame where the DL_Grant is at. The present invention makes improved utilization of a pilot frequency to implement the effects of quadrature and interference randomization, and increases channel estimation accuracy and system capacity.


Please cite this article as: Böhm H. R., Schramm S. and Zeig C., (2010), Energy saving and emission minimization by means of semicentralized integrated supply and disposal systems in rapidly growing urban regions., Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 307-312 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021052 Energy Saving and Emission Minimization by Means of Semicentralized Integrated Supply and Disposal Systems in Rapidly Growing Urban Regions


In May 2008, the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act was passed in the United Kingdom. Among other things, this made it an offence even to possess what it describes as an 'extreme pornographic image'. This paper analyses the particular factors which gave rise to this measure, support for it amongst the police and politicians, and the problems which are likely to arise from attempts to enforce it. In particular, the paper argues that the measure is so ill-conceived that it is likely to criminalise the possession of a far wider range of images than was originally intended. More generally, the paper examines the Act in the context of (a) the increasing tendency on the part of governments both democratic and non-democratic to attempt to regulate the Internet and its users; (b) the development of the 'surveillance society'; and (c) New Labour's marked tendency to legislate for private and personal realms traditionally regarded as out-of-bounds in a democratic polity. The paper concludes that the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act is a disturbing symptom of the development of the United Kingdom as not simply a surveillance society but also a post-social democratic state.


The program is stored in the machine's memory from any external device. The control device organizes its execution, taking into account the program in memory. The mathematical-logical device performs mathematical and logical calculations in accordance with the entered commands. Thus, the computer performs calculations without human assistance. Key words: computer, software, device, information, scheme


This paper presents the research design and shares some of the early findings of a qualitative study of the social worlds of children living with community violence in Cape Town. It shows how children in a community with high levels of violence actively construct 'rules' which help them to make sense of and resist that violence. With roots in history, experience and social relationships, the rules are fluid, sometimes contradictory, and they can be adjusted and reconciled. Paradoxically, they can serve both to resist and perpetuate the violence in children's worlds. The same rules can help to make sense of roughness and fighting in the playground and conflict and aggression in the community. But in contexts of extreme violence, the rules are challenged and some possible consequences are explored, together with the implications for violence prevention.


A 55-yr-old, 53-kg female with a history of previous bladder cancer was rehospitalized with new onset hematuria. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right pelvic mass that was subsequently biopsied and found positive for renal cell carcinoma. She presented to the operating room for a percutaneous endoscopic resection of the right renal pelvis tumor. Her past medical history included prior vaginal hysterectomy, right mastectomy, and an allergy to sulfa. Physical examination, except for the previous surgery, was normal. There was no evidence of scoliosis. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were 47 mg/dL and 2.7 mg/dL, respectively. All other laboratory study results were normal. The patient was brought to the operating room, and routine monitors were applied. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous fentanyl and thiopental. After succinylcholine, a 7.0 oral endotracheal tube was placed atraumatically, with confirmation of tube placement by visualization of the vocal cords, positive end-tidal carbon dioxide, symmetrical movement of the chest, and the presence of equal breath sounds bilaterally. The tube was secured at 22 cm at the teeth, and the patient was safely turned prone. Breath sounds were again confirmed to be equal. Muscle relaxation was maintained with pancuronium and monitored with a nerve stimulator. A narcotic technique with low flow isoflurane was used to maintain anesthesia. The endoscope was placed with the patient disconnected from the ventilator circuit using a posterior intercostal approach. The trocar was inserted below the right twelfth rib without obvious problem. The operative course was uneventful until approximately 2% h into the procedure, when the peak inspiratory pressure


Using STELLA software, a model was constructed to study the influences of drawing different types of water to Sanyang wetland on TP concentration of water body, and simulated the change of TP in water before and after the exterior pollution sources were cut off through the model. Results showed that when the exterior and interior pollution sources coexisted, the current TP concentration would keep on rising, the water quality continued worsening, and even if better quality of water, such as Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ types of water quality, were introduced into the wetland, the TP would continue increasing, up to 890.57 mg·m-3, 891.06 mg·m-3 and 891.57 mg·m-3 after 230, 260 and 282 days later, respectively, and exceeded the present TP concentration. If exterior pollution sources were cut off, the increasing rate of TP in water slowed down, but the TP in water maintained rising since the interior pollution sources, the current water continued deteriorating in 270 days later, with the TP being 1008.31mg·m-3. The TP would be 890.67 mg·m-3, 892.00 mg·m-3 and 890.59 mg·m-3 when Ⅴ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ type of water were introduced 300 days, 318 days and 342 days later, exceeding the current concentration. These results implied that cutting off the exterior pollution sources by drawing water to the wetland only played a limited role to solve eutrophication problem in Sanyang wetland.


This study aims to improve the ability of teachers in the preparation of learning implementation plans. This research uses the form of school research action research (PTS) which is carried out in 3 (three) cycles, carried out in 2 Bandar Lampung City Assisted Junior High Schools with the subject of research for all teachers in semester 2 of the 2021/2022 Academic Year totaling 20 people. The research method uses School Action Research. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews and tests. Data analysis is carried out with 3 (three) stages including: data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. The hypothesis states that through the application of programmatic training and assistance, it can improve the ability of teachers in the preparation of learning implementation plans in 2 junior high schools assisted by Bandar Lampung City for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. Empirical data shows that coaching with programmatic training and assisted assistance can improve the ability of teachers of 2 junior high schools assisted by Bandar Lampung City in semester 2 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year in the preparation of a learning implementation plan from the initial condition of the teacher ability value of 63.16 in cycle III to 78.47. So it can be concluded that through the application of training and programmatic assistance, it can improve the ability of teachers to formulate a learning implementation plan. Keywords: teacher ability, lesson implementation plan, training, programmatic mentoring


The main objective of the paper was to show the diversification of Polish municipalities that have national parks within their boundaries in terms of implementing sustainable tourism priorities. The study focused on ecological and environmental aspects, primarily related to the shaping and maintenance of green areas, as well as waste and wastewater management. The assessment was based on statistical data taken from the Local Data Bank for the years 2012–2018. The authors determined their own set of indicators, describing green areas management, the environmental risk associated with waste and wastewater generation, and the reshaping of the forest and agricultural landscape. The obtained results were compared with the spatial diversification of the surveyed administrative units in terms of tourist attractiveness carried out by us in 2018. The study made it possible to indicate, among others, municipalities that are prime tourist destinations and have highly developed tourist facilities, but do not keep up with sustainable tourism activities. There are also units that carry out activities in the field of forest and agricultural land protection, invest in public green areas, properly manage sewage and wastewater, and, at the same time, are not attractive for tourists.


often becomes the focus of discussion when money becomes scarce, and people no longer feel they have time for those requiring care. What they are left with is often – improperly – called 'self-determination'. Responsibility means seeing people in relationships that do not treat everything individually. This is precisely why we have a civic responsibility to ensure that people do not remain on their own and receive help in carrying their burden once their life becomes restricted. In this case we not only honour their self-determination to save ourselves some responsibility, but rather to give them respect.


The future direction of basic science and clinical research in the field of interventional neuroradiology requires the identification of its present limitations. The fields of anatomy, embryology, and radiology continue to be important pillars of the present field of interventional neuroradiology, but they are incapable of sustaining the passage to the next level of scientific and clinical practice. The present body of knowledge used by the community of interventional neuroradiologists must be enriched by the active participation of scientists such as physicists, molecular biologists, neurophysiologists, polymer engineers, and computer engineers in the development of new research programs that will provide future generations of interventional neuroradiologists with the scientific tools that we lack today. In this brief article, we identify the challenges that we believe need to be addressed if the present practice of interventional neuroradiology is to be transformed into an integral part of the clinical neurosciences.


A new genus and species, Nacholapithecus kerioi have been erected for the large-bodied Miocene hominoid specimens discovered from Nachola, Kenya.


There continues to be a dearth of randomized and controlled psychiatric music therapy literature.
Additionally, of the existing published quantitative literature concerning music therapy for people
diagnosed with mental illnesses, many of the control conditions were "active" as patients received some
sort of treatment. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of single-session music therapy on
state anxiety and meaning of life in patients hospitalized on an acute psychiatric setting utilizing a singlesession
pure wait-list control condition. Participants (N = 69) were randomly assigned by group to
experimental (music therapy followed by a posttest) or control (pretest followed by music therapy)
conditions. The single-session music therapy treatment consisted of live patient-preferred music, active
rhythm-based interventions, and a brief lyric analysis intervention to identify supports in the hospital and
in the community. Results for both subscales of meaning in life were not significant and mean
differences were negligible. Although not significant, participants in the music therapy condition tended
to have lower mean state anxiety scores. Participants' written posttest comments supported the use of
music therapy on the unit. Results are discussed in context of the current quantitative psychiatric music
therapy literature base. Implications for music therapy treatment, limitations of the study, and suggestions
for future research are provided.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs help in extending terrestrial networks (such as cellular connectivity) to remote and difficult-to-reach mountainous terrains. UAV based communications are limited by energy and buffer constraints, due to their light-weight design with small vehicle payload capacity requirement. While state-of-the-art addresses such constraints with idealistic assumptions such as known network conditions, this work for the first time proposes a practical learning-based energy-efficient UAV communication framework that meets queuing rate stability constraints, while learning the network conditions on-the-fly. To solve the aforementioned problem, a novel integration of Lyapunov stability with Thompson sampling based Multi Armed Bandit (MAB) learning algorithm is proposed to learn the underlying network condition and simultaneously act on the learnt information to efficiently schedule transmissions. The proposed work is extensively evaluated and shown to provide better energy-conservation than heuristic approaches, while meeting the rate stability constraints.


ABSTRACT The national lockdowns brought in in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 forced many people to work from home, including journalists, politicians, cultural commentators and celebrities. The familiar faces we would normally expect to see in television studios and sets, were now being beamed into our homes from their homes and we saw their kitchens, offices, and bedrooms. What at first seemed surreal and incongruous, soon became the norm. Viewers could not help but notice the most common: an individual sitting in the foreground with their background displaying shelves or stacks of books. As a result, books and bookshelves became an object du jour, representative of the owner's prestige and cultural cachet. This article argues that far from being a ubiquitous domestic item, such notions are socially constructed and perpetuate books as symbols of classed notions of cultural prestige and intellect.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Dong's finger-pressure method in the treatment of infantile vomiting of milk.Methods One hundred and sixty children with vomiting of milk were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,with 80 cases in each group.The infants in the treatment group were treated with Dong's finger-pressure method,and those in the control group were given "Guandi Syrup",both for fifteen days.The frequency and amount of vomiting within one day were observed,and the clinical efficacy was assessed.Results The total effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were 91.25% and 61.25% respectively,with a significant difference between them(P0.01).In both groups,the frequency and amount of vomiting were all improved after treatment(P0.01);and there was a significant difference between the two groups in the frequency and amount of vomiting(P0.05).Conclusion Dong's finger-pressure method has good effect on infantile vomiting of milk.


Experimental teaching helps students to form chemistry concepts,to master chemical principles,to improve experimental ability.Experimental teaching requires the methods of motivating students,making a good use of teaching resources,having more life-related experiments in order to promote the teaching effectiveness.


(assignment) In the immersion exposure process, the exposure device region by elution component from a photoresist can be removed efficiently cleaned of contaminants (in particular, an optical lens part), in addition, and it is easy to waste liquid treatment, a high replacement efficiency with a liquid immersion medium, and it provides a cleaning method of an exposure apparatus used does not affect the throughput of a semiconductor manufacturing photolithography cleaning liquid and for it. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] In between the exposure object mounted on the optical lens portion and the wafer stage of an exposure apparatus for the liquid immersion lithography process to conduct a fill exposure to the immersion medium, a cleaning liquid used for cleaning of the exposure apparatus, (a) a surfactant, (b ) hydrocarbon solvent, and (c) water a cleaning method of an exposure apparatus used for this cleaning liquid and formed by photolithography contains.


The effects of eight rates of N, ranging from 0 to 245 kg/ha, on yield, specific gravity and petiole nitrate content of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown continuously in the same soil and in a 2-yr rotation with corn were evaluated over a 4-yr period. Yields under continuous potato culture were lower than yields in the corn-potato rotation. Soil infestation with Verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum) was a factor contributing to this yield reduction. The response pattern to added N was identical for both planting systems each year and was best described by a quadratic curve. The optimum rate of N for maximum yield under the irrigated, coarse-textured soil conditions of this experiment was about 175 kg/ha. This is 40 kg higher than the current N recommendation for potatoes in Ontario. Specific gravity under continuous potato culture was significantly reduced each year, but rates of N sufficient for maximum yield did not reduce specific gravity. Tissue nitrate-N reflected the rate of N applied and ...


Study on System Dynamics of Long and Heavy-Haul Train Weihua Zhang1, Guangrong Tian and Maoru Chi The long and heavy-haul train transportation has already been recognized as the direction of railway freight development by the international society because of its remarkable economic benefits. But with increasing of train formation and hauling weight, the problems of safety in transportation have become prominent, such as destructive effect on railway line, braking failure, coupler failure and derailment, and so on, which become the bottleneck of heavy-haul train freight transportation healthy development. Accordingly, it is necessary to have an overall thorough research on the system dynamics of long and big train. Currently, most of the studies have focused on the longitudinal dynamics, but only a little study on the lateral and vertical dynamics. The main reason for it is that there are some difficulties in modeling of the long and big train. It can be described as follows:


The C-band polymorphism of domestic pig chromosomes,extensively existing among breeds,individuals and homogeneous chromsomes,is the polymorphism of genetic material.However,no report has been seen on the difference in the frequency of C-band polymorphism in homogeneous chromosomes between breeds or/and hybrids of domestic pigs.In this study,based on lymphocyte culture and chromosome C-banding,the length, area and heterochromatin quantity of the C-bands of telocentric chromosomes in the Pure breeds Erhualian and Large Yorkshire and their cross combinations were measured and calculated,and the differences in the frequency of C-band polymorphism of homogeneons chromosomes between those breeds or/and combinations examined.Significant differences in the polymorPhism frequency of C-band length in Chromosome No.15 were found between Erhualian and the combination of Large Yorkshire ♂×Erhualian (LE)(P0.05,Erhualian higher than LE)and between Large Yorkshire and the combination LE(P0.05,Large Yorkshire higher than LE),and in Chromosome No.16,between LE and the combination of Erhualian ♂×Large Yorkshire ♂×(EL)(P0.05,LE lower than EL).For the polymorphism frequency of C-band area in Chromosome No.13,significant differences existed between Large Yorkshire and EL(P0.05,Large Yorkshire lower than EL).For the polymorphism frequency of C-band heterochromatin quantity in Chromosome No.18,differences were significant between Erhualian and Large Yorkshire(P0.05,Erhualian higher than Large Yorkshire)and between Erhualian and EL(P0.05, Erhualian higher than EL),while in Chromosome No.15,between large Yorkshire and EL(P0.05,Large Yorkshire lower than EL),and in Chromosome No.13,between LE and EL(P0.05,LE lower than EL).These differences provide an important basis for distinguishing pig breeds.


Hate is a negative emotional phenomenon whose characteristics are anger, contempt or disgust. This emotional attitude sometimes leads towards revenge in the form of criminal act. This situation may challenge the school administrators to keep teaching-learning process smooth and effective. Hate speeches on social media is a common exercise among all age group people. Educational institutes are also under attack due to these practices. Students are permanently and continuously connected on social media. They are less prepared and trained to deal with online hate speeches. This qualitative study has focused this issue and derived results from literature. Racism, homophobia, religious biasedness, trans-phobia and sexual harassment are common social media generated problems in educational institutes which are types of online hate speech. It is therefore, suggested at the end of this study that students must be trained and taught about gender violence and discrimination; raise awareness about the importance and positive usage of media and digital based information.


The gas hydrate, being a solid material, is formed from the methane and water under the high-pressure and low-temperature. Laboratory experiments showed that one cubic meter of gas hydrate could liberate 164 m~3 gases. The total resources of the gas hydrates in the world,as calculated by different methods amount to (5×10~(15 ))~ 8×10~(18) m~3, which is equal to twice of the total resources of the oil and gas, coal, and other fossil fuel in the world. At present, humankind is facing the exhaustion of fossil fuels, therefore, the scientists and world governments should focus on gas hydrate resources. Research in the South China Sea showed that gas hydrates are formed under different conditions. In the northeastern part of the South China Sea, high salinity water has flowed from Philippine Sea, resulting in high organic productivity and accumulation of organic-rich sediments.During these periods of high productivity,the rate of sedimentation was very high,thereby providing excellent conditions for the formation of gas hydrates.In addition, since the end of the Miocene, the Philippine Sea plate has collided with Asian plate in Taiwan area,resulting in the tectonic extrusion of the northeastern part of the South China Sea along a northwest direction. Because of this tectonic extrusion, fluids in the sediments were especially active, further stimulating the formation of the gas hydrate. On the basis of these analyses, we suggest that throughout the continental slope of the South China Sea conditions existed are favorable for the formation of gas hydrate. Therefore we believe that the northeastern part of the South China Sea should be rich in gas hydrate.


In this letter, a novel semi-blind selected mapping (SLM) technique is proposed for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system. No explicit side information is sent; instead the selected signal index is embedded in transmitted data. The proposed SLM technique maintains the same PAPR as classical SLM technique, while increases the overall throughput. Simulations results of several OFDM systems employing the proposed semi-blind SLM technique using either QPSK or 16-QAM modulation show that it performs very well in in both the SI index detection error rate and bit error rate (BER).


Competition law is under attack. On the one hand, globalization and the digital revolution have greatly benefited the owners of firms, and particularly the wealthiest 1 percent, while delivering fewer benefits to consumers and workers. This has led to calls for a fundamental rethinking of the principles and purpose of competition law and policy. One area where competition law is particularly under the microscope concerns its ability to ensure that consumers obtain a larger share of the benefits generated by the rise of so-called tech giants and the digital economy. Some commentators have made the case that in order to better protect the interests of consumers and workers a fundamental rethink is not required, but that competition enforcement does need to re-examine the balance of risks that it is prepared to take. Specifically, enforcers should consider accepting a greater risk of inefficiencies and "false positives" (over-enforcement) in order to prioritize the protection of competition and the delivery of fewer "false negatives" (under-enforcement) (n.1).

On the other hand, economists have focused on reducing the total number of false results, improving the accuracy of enforcement. In doing so they have criticized the inaccuracy of a per se or formalistic approach to practices with ambiguous effects, and have called for the adoption of a more economic effects-based approach, which requires competition authorities to conduct sometimes complex and time-consuming economics analyses in order to reduce the risk of inaccurate enforcement (n.2). In practice this approach has no doubt significantly reduced the number of false positives, since the facts of each case are scrutinized and the case-specific inapplicability of certain assumptions is identified. However, in order for this reduction in false positives to translate into fewer false results, it is crucial that the number of false negatives does not significantly increase as well. For example, if the more economic approach creates a deterrence effect that discourages agencies from taking risky cases then the overall accuracy of enforcement may not improve and, more importantly, the nature of enforcement will be skewed towards prioritizing the protection of efficiencies at the expense of competition.

This paper argues that the calls for fewer false negatives and those for the reduction of false positives are less incompatible than they might at first appear. This is because, fortunately, this is not a zero-sum game. The paper uses the lens of recent (mainly EU) decisions and case law related to platform parity clauses and Loyalty Rebates to suggest that they can be reconciled. It argues that call n.1 can be applied at the level of "legal presumption." In particular, it argues that it is vital, where a more economic approach is adopted, for agencies to actively prioritize the delivery of fewer false negatives and hence take a purposefully brave approach to the mix of battles that they fight. Part of creating such courageous agencies certainly requires governments to get the right staff. The way in which governments assess the performance of their agencies is also important, for instance, whether it recognizes that the optimal loss record in court is non-zero. Arguably, however, the only guaranteed way to incentivize agencies to prioritize the delivery of fewer false negatives is either to explicitly provide that objective for the agency, or to establish those presumptions within the legal framework. Meanwhile, we argue that call n.2 can be simultaneously applied by ensuring there is scope for the rebuttal of those presumptions. Such a rebuttal must be possible, both in the understanding of whether the presumption of an anti-competitive effect is fitting, absent countervailing efficiencies, and if so, in ascertaining whether that effect is in fact outweighed by any such pro-competitive efficiencies.


This paper analyses the influences of Internet on college English autonomous learning. It not only points out many problems that exist in autonomous learning process but also puts forward many effective methods to deal with its problems for the purpose of improving both teachers' professionalism and students' learning effect.


In the late fourth century B.C., Alexander the Great and his troops crossed mid-Asia, occupied central Asia and marched into India, ultimately reaching the border with China. This invasion brought western culture, art and customs to the Orient. About the second century B.C. Emperor Han Wu-di sent his envoy Zhang Qian to the western regions. Zhang led a large diplomatic corps of three hundred dignitaries and succeeded in establishing friendly relations with Sarmak and Afghanistan, Persia, India and other countries in central Asia as far as the Roman Empire. The Han dynasty expanded the frontiers of China into Korea and Manchuria in the north, Indo-China in the south, and westward into Central Asia to the frontiers of Parthian Iran and Kushan India. The flow of cultural elements along the Silk Route continued for many centuries. At that time there had been established in China three roads that were used to transport silk from China to the West. The Desert Silk Route started at Chang-an, ran through Dun-huang and was then divided into two branches: the north and the south. The northern branch continued to Rome and the southern route passed trough Iran and India. In addition to the exchange of commercial items between the civilizations of the east and the west including musical instruments, there were also exchanges of concepts of spiritual matters and the aesthetics of music. The Silk Route brought to China the Graeco-Buddhist art and music of Afghanistan and of Punjab, as well as Indo-Buddhist music and art. The present study attempts to bring to light how the unique structural principles of song-poems were influenced by the airs and popular songs


Abstract The Total Synthesis Of Tetracyclic Compound (19) Which Contains Five Asymmetric Centres Is Described. Compound (19) Is The 5,8-Bis-Epimer Of The Tetra-O-Methyl Derivative Of Metasequirin-B (1), A Norcycloneolignan Of Unusual Structure.


Abstract Equal access to social infrastructure in general and access to health care in particular is at the centre of concerns in terms of spatial planning in each state. Obviously, the public health policy in most developing countries including Cameroon is strongly based on health care which does not allow at the present day an effective management health care supply. This situation, which results in unequal access to health care, is partially due to the lack of relevant information on the real needs of patients, in particular, the geographical accessibility to health infrastructures. The present study proposes a methodological approach to assessing spatial accessibility to health care. The application was based on digital data from the city of Yaoundé. The results obtained in the form of access times to various health centres show disparities in physical access to health care centres in Yaoundé city, which is important to take into account in decision-making.


As intelligent agents (embodied or otherwise) become more sophisticated, transparency has become a hot topic in recent years and has been identified by various government agencies (e.g., guidelines published by the European Commission (2020)) and advisory groups (e.g., EU High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, 2020; U.S. National Security Commission on AI, 2021) as a top requirement for highstake and trustworthy AI systems. Technical societies such as IEEE have also published guidelines on transparency (Winfield et al., 2021). Increasingly, efforts are focused on making AI's output more transparent in order to maximize the joint performance of the human–machine team. A major milestone of transparency research is the 2020 IEEE Transactions on Human–machine Systems special issue on Agent and System Transparency, which examines the transparency issue in a variety of human–machine teaming contexts (Chen et al., 2020). Since then, there have been significant advancements in AI and its subfields such as explainable AI and have enabled machines' real-time explanations (e.g., regarding their behaviors, intents, reasoning process, and projected outcomes) to their human partners. However, because of complexities in dynamic tasking environments, it remains a challenge for human-computer interaction researchers and practitioners to design effective human–machine interfaces (HMI) to support robust and efficient human-agent communications (Chen, in press). The aim of this special issue is to showcase state-of-the-art research on transparent human-agent communications, with various methodologies and applications. There are fourteen articles in this special issue—from articles on transparency methodologies and explainable AI, papers focused on designs of transparent HMIs, to empirical studies. The application areas examined in these articles are diverse—including autonomous vehicles and military/security robots, intelligent medical decision support, assistive tools for people with disabilities, chat bots, and social media. The first two articles present promising methodologies to support transparent human-agent interactions. Scheutz, Thielstorm, and Abrams present a natural-language-based human–robot communication architecture, Distributed Integrated Affect Reaction Cognition, that can support transparent task-based communications, particularly in situations when the robot needs to reject human commands and provide explanations and justifications. Tucker, Zhou, and Shah present an agent-training technique, Adversarially Guided Self-Play, that can support alignment of human and machine agents' representation schemes (i.e., latent spaces) with little training data. Data from two experiments, one involving only machine agents and the other involving human–machine partnership, show promising results of the technique to support alignment between partners and enhanced outcomes during team tasks. The next three articles focus specifically on explainable AI (XAI). Sanneman and Shah propose an XAI framework, Situation Awareness Framework for Explainable AI (SAFEAI), that can be used for both developing and evaluating XAI agents. The SAFE-AI framework addresses humans' information needs in order to achieve proper situation awareness of AI agents in the tasking environment. Issues related to human workload and calibrated trust are also discussed extensively. Also addressing XAI and calibrated trust, Roque and Damodaran present a generalizable human-inthe-loop XAI framework that is based on control loops and can support multiple stakeholders. To illustrate the application of the framework, the authors use scenarios of robotunder-cyberattack to demonstrate how the framework can be used for different stakeholders interacting with a robot (e.g., robot operator or cybersecurity personnel). Chien, Yang, and Yu propose an XAI framework, XFlag, that is based on the Long Short-Term Memory model (for target identification), the Layer-wise Relevance Propagation algorithm (for explanation generation), and the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency framework (for transparency assurance). A user study (in a context of fake news article detection) shows positive user performance (better understanding of system performance in terms of goals, reasoning, and uncertainty) without increasing workload. The next three articles present design approaches to transparent HMIs. Vorm and Combs review and synthesize transparency frameworks from the perspectives of system monitoring, process visibility, surveillance, and disclosure. These characteristics, all of which beneficial to human trust in systems, are incorporated into a widely-used Technology Acceptance Model. Zhou, Li, Zhang, and Sun present a human–AI interface design tool, Blueprint, which is a visualization tool that captures key transparency design concepts. The Blueprint tool is based on a bibliometric analysis, from which several key transparency design concepts are identified. Stone, Jessup, Ganapathy, and Harel present a HMI design approach that is based on the Design Thinking


We have investigated the crystal structure and the ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) thin films with YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) as the bottom and Au as the top electrode. Epitaxial heterostructures of YBCO and SBN were prepared by dc and rf sputtering, respectively, on SrTiO3 substrates. In a second layout we used a semiconducting Nb doped (0.05 wt % Nb) SrTiO3 (N-STO) substrate as the bottom electrode. The crystal structure of the films was characterized by x-ray diffraction. Since the SBN films exhibit a perfect c-axis oriented growth without the (115) phase the hysteresis loop measurements do not indicate ferroelectric behavior of the SBN films. The diode with a N-STO bottom electrode reveals, for a positive and negative applied voltage, a depletion and accumulation of the carrier density, respectively. The time dependent polarization and depolarization current can be described by a power law (Curie-von Schweidler). The conductivity as a function of applied voltage can be explained by the Schottky e...


Abstract This article describes the implementation and evaluation of a sport-based life skills and community service program. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of a combined life skills and community service program on adolescents' prosocial values. The program was part of a national golf and life skills enrichment academy for adolescents (n = 100). It was hypothesized that the life skills component would have a significant impact on adolescents' prosocial values and that participants (n = 42) who were involved in the community service component following the program, when compared to a comparison group (n = 23), would maintain their increased levels of prosocial values. Results indicated that the program had a significant positive impact on adolescents' prosocial values and that the community service experience positively impacted the adolescents' levels of empathic concern and social responsibility. These results are consistent with existing research on participating in community service.


One of central goal in ecology is to understand how plants respond to environment and what kind of attributes that can be obtained with an easy way to interpret the complexity of nature, especially on vegetation response. Ecologists use functional traits to understand how plants respond to environmental changes. Plant species may have experienced different environmental conditions during their ontogeny. Thus, they may show different patterns of ontogenetic trait variation (OTV) as their response to different environmental condition. In this study, the relationship between trait variation on different habitat and across ontogenetic stages both on community and population levels were investigated. Five selected leaves traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, and leaf succulence) were examined to look at plant response along soil water content and light gap interception gradient in Kenting forest dynamics plot (KFDP), Southern Taiwan. Leaf area was the most varied trait across habitat and ontogeny. Leaf thickness reveals an opposite pattern compare to leaf area. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) showed less variation either between or within species and across ontogeny. Shift of community responses on environmental gradient by trait through ontogeny showed that intraspecific variation is important to be considered in ecological study. The other important finding in this study was by only using mean species we can misleading in understanding of plant responses to the environmental gradient in order to their adaptation both across different habitat and ontogenetic stages.


The asymptotic estimates of the approximation numbers of the weighted Hardy operator are given. Mathematics subject classification (2000): Primary 47B38; Secondary 26D10.


Soybean has significant economic importance in Brazil despite high production costs, making it necessary to increase the efficiency of mechanized harvest through the reduction of losses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the total losses in the mechanized soybean harvest as a function of the combination of header types, operating speeds, and geometry of collection frames. The study was carried out in a commercial farm in a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial with 10 replications, totaling 180 replications. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and quality control. The square frame can be used instead of the rectangular frame for the determination of the total losses. The increasing operating speed increased total losses in the auger header. On the other hand, the lowest losses at the highest operating speed were observed in the belt header. The harvester with belt header was more efficient when compared to that with auger header at the highest operating speed.


This paper presents the design of the Digital RF Processing (DRFP) system for generating many of the RF effects within the Advanced Radar Environment Simulator (ARES) Hardware-in-the-Loop system developed within the Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology and Simulation Group (HTS) of Weapons Systems Division (WSD), DSTO. This system is based on Digital RF Memory (DRFM) technology. The DRFM signal processing is performed on a digitised signal on a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware board. The RF Up/Down conversion is performed by a COTS RF module. The RF up/down converter translates an 800MHz instantaneous band in range 2-18 GHz down to 500 MHz IF signal (100 - 900 MHz). The ARES Digital RF Processor (DRFP) provides the technique designer with a set of tools to model a number of environmental effects, such as Doppler, Range Delay, intra-pulse complex modulations, and multi-point convolutions. The ARES DRFP provides a real-time communication link to receive high fidelity generic environmental parameters which are computed by a numerical model of the radar environment. This feature provides the technique designer with significant flexibility compared to other typical Radar/RF scene generators. This paper discusses the implementation details and the design strategies of the development. Preliminary results of the ARES DRFP output are also discussed.


Several endemic species of Sulawesi have different growths and are generally influenced by local environmental factors. There are three well-known endemic species of Sulawesi, namely Macadamia (Macadamia hildebrandii), Elmerillia (Elmerillia ovalis), and Gophasa (Vitex cofassus). These three species are widely developed in community forests and are the mainstay of the community as building materials and for other purposes. These three species can be used as good absorbers of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the context of mitigating climate change. Macadamia and Elmerillia species grow well in the highlands, while Gophasa is generally found in the lowlands. From the results of the growth analysis, it is known that Macadamia and Elmerillia are medium growing species, while gophasa are slow-growing species. The results showed that the three endemic species have a good ability to absorb carbon from the air. At the age of 20 years, these three species can store carbon which is quite high, namely 132.38 tons/ha for Macadamia, 152.04 tons/ha for Elmerillia, and 82.65 tons/ha for gophasa. When converted to the ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, the three species can absorb 485.85 tons CO2/ha, 557.99 tons CO2/ha, and 303.33 tons CO2/ha, respectively.


Thanks to its abundant natural resources and its relatively high standard of living, gabon has experienced considerable migratory flows from ather african countries. These have mainly concentrated in the urban centers, and more particularly in libreville, the state's capital city. To this oil-boom-encouraged wave of immigration, it has to be added a phenomenon of rural depopulation that is not without urbanization consequences. The resulting situation involves some alterations in the city structure and the population's way of life along with the creation of new (informal) activities in order for this latter to adjust the urban environment. Obviously, the population explosion originating from that townsmen grouping, in the one hand, poses health, transport and accomodation problems with corollary is the manifest expansion of underintegrated areas (and districts) as well as environmental damages, and, in the other hand, it increases the country's employment difficulties as the very time when this latter undergoes structural adjustment measures limiting the state's capability of resorbing une


Shading caused by surrounding objects is an important issue for solar energy system design and analysis. In the special case of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, the prediction of the partial shading is critical in order to reduce losses due to poor Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This paper will present a technique that uses Artificial Neural Network to predict the output power from a photovoltaic array in case of partial shading.


The urgency of communication is determined by the political, social and psychological climate in the modern world. The concept of communication as a measure of the man was in the core of K.Jaspers's philosophy. This article discuses the forms of the Encompassing, each of which corresponds to a form of communication. Integrity of a man is realized by reason as an all-encompassing bond, all-out will to communicate and Existenz as an authentic basis of human existence. The genuine existential communication is realized in the communications with another Existenz through reason.


A study was conducted to determine the influence of different particle sizes of limestone in layer diets on egg production and eggshell quality from 18 to 28 weeks of age. Limestone consisting of small (<1.0 mm) and coarse (2.0 3.8 mm) particles that is used in poultry diets was obtained from a South African company. The two particle sizes were mixed to produce five treatments viz. 100 fine (F): 0 coarse (C); 75 F: 25 C, 50 F: 50 C, 25 F: 75 C and 0 F: 100 C. Diets were


I. Dia logue Games, Speech Acts and DCS -Examina t ion of a c t u a l h u m a n d i a logue revea ls s t r u c t u r e e x t e n d i n g over • ~overal t u r n s and cor respond ing to pa r t l cu l a r issues t ha t the participants r a i se and resolve. Our past w o r k on d ia logue has led to an accoun t of this s t ruc tu r e , Dialogue Game t h e o r y f L o r i n & Moore 1978; Moore, l ,evlu & Mann 1977]. Th is t heo ry c la ims that dialogues (and other language uses as w e l l ) are comprehensible on ly because the part icipants are mak ing avai lab le to each other the knowledge o f the goals t h e y are pursu ing , at ~he p~omcnt, Pa t terns of these goals r e c u r , r e p r e s e n t i n g l anguage convent ions : t he i r theore t i ca l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s are ca l led Dialogue Games.


In this report, we investigate the end-effect phenomenon occurring due to the variation of the circulation in a vortex wake. We first focus on comparing a numerical simulation to an experiment made by CNRS/IRPHE[11]. Two types of instabilities occur : an axisymmetric one produced by the circulation variation, and generating an axial velocity which can lead to a helical one, as it is presently the case, if this velocity is strong enough. We also compare some results to the theory derived for the Lamb-Oseen vortex. We then investigate a more realistic case of end-effects associated with an accelerated/decelerated wing. Analysing the corresponding time-developing and space-developing (S-D) simulations, an explanation of the different behavior in the accelerated and in the decelerated cases is proposed. A characterization of the net result of the wake rollup, in terms of tangential velocity profile, axial velocity, and their evolution in the wake, was also done, using the results of the S-D simulation. The fits of these profiles with the most usual vortex models was also done. In particular, we show that the two length-scale models of Proctor-Winckelmans and of Jacquin provide a very good fit (both in terms of maximum tangential velocity and effective core size).


very clearly presents the specific legal challenges faced in contemplating the use of force in response to piracy and it therefore serves as an excellent case study. Likewise, Captain Peter Leavy's minute-by-minute account ofcommanding Her Majesty's Australian ships Sydney and Ballarat while they responded to a pirate attack perfectly illustrates the impossibly complex situation faced by warships engaged in anti-piracy operations. Kaye and Bautista's The Naval Protection ofShipping in the 21st Century: An Australian Perspective is an outstanding primer on shipping regulations, flag state issues, and domestic and international legal frameworks concerning the international shipping trade despite the title's statement that it is focussed on the Australian perspective. The volume begins with an excellent summary of world seaborne trade that highlights the latest trends internationally as well as key Australian challenges. The overview is sufficiently comprehensive to be worth reading on its own and is therefore a perfect starting point for the topic. The second and third chapters provide a succinct but quite thorough overview ofjurisdictional issues as well as how the international legal framework has evolved in response to incidents such as the Achille Lauro hijacking and the attacks of II September. Those who are not interested in the specific Australian legal and jurisdictional issues can simply skip Chapter 4 though it does provide some interesting details about the challenges of translating international agreements and laws into national legislation that can be applied domestically. The final chapter on the protection ofshipping in war is an excellent reminder that the legal regime changes during periods of armed conflict at sea. Kaye and Bautista very ably summarize the legal principles at play while highlighting that the circumstances in which they would be in effect are rare but not impossible. Taken together or separately, these two volumes are a valuable addition to the literature on maritime trade and are well worth reading. Of the two, Kaye and Bautista's The Naval Protection ofShipping in the 21st Century: An Australian Perspective is particularly recommended as a short but comprehensive primer on the fundamental legal issues that govern international shipping.


One thing we did not foresee when Jeremy Safran's book first came out was the explosive growth of the mindfulness movement. The unfolding dialogue between Buddhism and psychotherapy increasingly has become narrowed down to a mutual admiration fest between those touting the benefits of meditation, often armed with the latest scans brought back from the frontiers of neuroscience, and therapists almost all of a cognitive behavioral stripe, well versed in an "evidencebased" approach to short term psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis' role in this dialogue has been increasingly diminished, if not marginalized. If for nothing else, the establishment of an Institute for the integration of Buddhism and Self Psychology comes as much needed counterbalance to this trend. Not so many years ago, I was invited to be part of another panel on Buddhism and psychotherapy, that was attended by over 500 participants. To my surprise, I discovered that for 95% or more of those in attendance, it was taken for granted that Buddhism was synonymous with mindfulness and therapy meant cognitive behavioral therapy or one of its offshoots. Other panelists cited study after study that trumpeted the benefits of meditation for a host of psychological and medical difficulties. It was taken for granted that meditation was done in order to reap these benefits. In my talk I ventured to say, to the contrary, meditation – at least as practiced in my Zen tradition – was useless. In fact, the very essence of meditation as a religious practice was that it opened up a space outside of our usual means-to-an-end thinking, and that the reduction of the cultural and ethical complexity of Buddhism to an instrumentalized mindfulness was something of a travesty, on par with listening to Bach to lower your blood pressure. There is something particularly Western and particularly misguided about turning meditation into one long self improvement project. This critique eventually culminated in a book I (2016) edited with fellow Zen teacher and psychologist Robert Rosenbaum, called "What's Wrong with Mindfulness (and what Isn't)" that outlined all the ways in which Buddhism had become deracinated, secularized and instrumentalized in its Western reincarnation so as to become what has been ironically labeled McMindfulness (Purser, 2019). I want to take this opportunity to briefly outline my own understanding of Zen practice and how it differs both from Kulka's metaphysical vision and from the instrumentalization of meditation represented by mindfulness. These differences demonstrate that Buddhism, just as much as psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, is far from having universally agreed upon unified set of theories and practices, and the relative harmony or disharmony of our dialogue may well be a function of which school of Buddhism is attempting to engage with which flavor of psychoanalysis or psychotherapy. For me, both Zen and psychoanalysis are ritualized disciplines of attention to our moment to moment experience. In psychoanalysis, the therapeutic relationship serves both as the container and the field of observation. In Zen meditation, which may appear to an outsider to be a solitary, inner directed activity, the actual practice involves immersion in an ongoing performative group activity, in which, as the great Zen master Dogen (1200–1253) taught, we collectively enact enlightenment through our zazen. The identity of practice and realization, according to Dogen, is the ultimate alternative to means-to-an-end thinking. In practice this means that one does not become enlightened as a result of having purified the mind of defiling thoughts or feelings or once one has cultivated extraordinary states of oneness or compassion, but that one sits with the paradox that our "ordinary mind is the Way." Psychoanalysis and Zen, then in the most radical sense, allow us leave everything just as we find it. Thus, the Zen adage, "Don't remove delusion, don't even seek the truth." The patient or student who arrives in a constant state of judging, fixing, expelling, improving, denying etc. etc. needs to learn to literally sit still. Whether we attribute this initial state of unrest to mechanisms like repression,


A radio diagnosis device for car faults includes: a host including a CPU, a supply module, a radio communication module, an input module, a display module, a test card and a printer, the diagnosis test box including a general interface circuit, a primary CPU, a slave CPU, a program storage, a data storage amd a radio communication module, in which, the host is separated with the box, which is connected with a special diagnosis base in communication, the host and the box communicate by the radio communication module to realize data exchange and transmission and the host touch screen inputs instructions to realize test to different kinds of cars and the color LCD displays the result.


This paper describe the design and development of waste management system intended for municipal areas. One of the classical city problems is the habits of its people who do not care about cleanliness of their environment. Awareness of how to throw and manage garbage in a good manner is still not become an important consideration. The government doesn't have yet the efficient waste management system. Waste management system based on information technology capable of handling waste management problems is needed to overcome this problems. In this work, a prototype of waste management system has been developed, especially for the solid waste, focusing on segregation and garbage collection phase. The system consists of three main subsystems: the hardware subsystem consist of trash bin equipped with sensors and communication system for monitoring the garbage status and controlling the garbage collection schedule. The other subsystems are data management and data visualization subsystem for management and analysis purposes. The prototype was built and tested. It shows that the system can operate well, their sensors can detect different type of garbage, also can send and display the garbage status to the management display station. The prototype can meet the needs that have been defined as part of urban waste management solution.


Investigation reports or data on the profiles of microorganisms causing infections, as well as on their respective antibiotic resistance patterns are lacking in the health care institutions present in Kisangani Region. In this purpose, the present retrospective study was carried out, in order to determine the frequency of relevant pathogens and their resistance patterns to commonly used antibiotics in the Laboratoire de Santé Publique (Public Health Laboratory) of Kisangani. Settings and Design: Retrospective study for a period of 5 years, from January 2013 to December 2017, in the Laboratoire de Santé Publique of Kisangani. Materials and Methods: The culture and sensitivity data of the pathogens from different clinical samples were collected from the records of Laboratoire de Santé Publique of Kisangani for study period. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey media and incubated at 37°C overnight, and organisms were identified by standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by Kirby?Bauer disk diffusion method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: From a total of 1530 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patient samples, 823 (53.8%) of them were Staphylococcus aureus, 240 (15.7%) Enterobacter sp., 218 (14.2%) Escherichia coli, 113 (7.4%), 44 (3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 34 (2.2%) Streptococcus pyogenes, 30 (2%,0) Proteus mirabilis, 13 (0.8%) Salmonella Typhi, 8 (0.51%) Enterococcus faecalis, 4 (0.2%) Neisseria gonorrhea, and 3 (0.19%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The majority of these bacteria pathogens displayed very high multidrug-resistance, particularly to ampicillin and amoxicillin (? 80 %) and to other tested antibiotics. These observations necessitate improving of a rational antibiotic use and call for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, in order to reduce the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria involved in common infections.


Using social networks to support knowledge management and collaboration in an organisation is an interesting approach. In our work of systems design we focus on awareness systems using mobile technologies, sensors and notification systems. Being aware of others' activities and availability also make people more aware of the social networks in the organisation. My contribution to this workshop is that social networks in an organisation can be supported through awareness information.


We report the crystal structure of MalE‐B133, a recombinant form of the maltodextrin‐binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli carrying an inserted amino‐acid sequence of a B‐cell epitope from the preS2 region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The structure was determined by molecular replacement methods and refined to 2.7 Å resolution. MalE‐B133 is an insertion/deletion mutant of MBP in which residues from positions 134 to 142, an external α helix in the wild‐type structure, are replaced by a foreign peptide segment of 19 amino acids. The inserted residues correspond to the preS2 sequence from positions 132 to 145 and five flanking residues that arise from the creation of restriction sites. The conformation of the recombinant protein, excluding the inserted segment, closely resembles that of wild‐type MBP in the closed maltose‐bound form. MalE‐B133 was shown by previous studies to display certain immunogenic and antigenic properties of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which contains the preS2 region. The crystal structure reveals the conformation of the first nine epitope residues (preS2 positions 132 to 140) exposed on the surface of the molecule. The remaining five epitope residues (preS2 positions 141 to 145) are not visible in electron density maps. The path of the polypeptide chain in the visible portion of the insert differs from that of the deleted segment in the structure of wild‐type MBP, displaying a helical conformation at positions 134 to 140 (preS2 sequence numbering). A tripeptide (Asp‐Pro‐Arg) at the N terminus of the helix forms a stable structural motif that may be implicated in the cross‐reactivity of anti‐HBsAg antibodies with the hybrid protein. Proteins 27:1–8 © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Blood leukocyte count alterations induced by PAF‐acether in anesthetized and nonanesthetized rats were investigated. Intravenous injection of increasing amounts of PAF‐acether (1.5‐8 μg/kg) in nonanesthetized animals induced dose‐dependent hemoconcentration and leukocytosis. The former was apparent within 10 min, peaked from 30 min to 1 h, and diminished thereafter. The leukocytosis was noted within 30 min, was maximal at 1 h, and was over 4 h after injection of PAF‐acether (4 μg/kg). It was characterized by a marked increase in the blood neutrophil counts under conditions in which the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils remained unchanged. PAF‐acether–induced leukocytosis occurred in parallel with a marked decrease in the number of bone marrow nucleated cells, suggesting that the latter phenomenon may determine the former one. Leukocytosis by PAF‐acether was inhibited dose‐dependently by specific PAF‐acether antagonists including BN 52021 (median effective dose ED50 = 4.99 mg/kg), WEB 2086 (ED50 = 4.59 mg/kg), and 48740 RP (ED50 = 9.02 mg/kg). General anesthesia by either pentobarbital, urethane, or ether inhalation, but not by ketamine, also impaired the PAF‐acether–induced blood leukocytosis under conditions in which the hemoconcentration was not modified. In addition, pentobarbital‐anesthetized rats did not have reduced bone marrow nucleated cell counts after PAF‐acether stimulation. These findings are consistent with the assessment that PAF‐acether–induced rat leukocytosis is accounted for by a bone marrow neutrophil mobilization process that is clearly suppressed in animals anesthetized by pentobarbital.


Abstract Excess electron and hole drift mobilities in a-Si1−x Cx:H thin films have been investigated using the 'time-of-flight' transient photoconductivity technique. A detailed analysis of the temperature and field dependence of these parameters has been carried out, permitting the computation of the energy distributions of conduction and valence band tail localized states as a function of carbon concentration in the films. It is apparent from these data that increased carbon incorporation is associated with an increase in the total number of conduction band tail states, and with a broadening of their energy distribution. The valence band tail exhibits an increased density of localized tail states, but the broadening is less pronounced in this case. The computed energy distributions of the trapping centres in both the conduction and valence band tails are supported by the experimental behaviour of the respective carrier pre-transit currents. The temperature dependences of the transient dispersion paramet...


Assistant-Surgeon J. N. Bose, of the Puri Dispensary, is appointed to be an Inspecting Officer for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, at Khurda Road Station on the East Coast Railway. Miss Da Costa is appointed to be an Inspecting Officer for the purpose of carrying out the prov isions of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, at Damukdia, vice Miss K. Hedding, resigned. Surgeon-Lieu tenant-Colonel K. P. Gupta, Civil Surgeon of Backergunge, is appointed to act as Civil Surgeon of Puri. Assistant-Surgeon M. M. Gupta is appointed temporarily to have medical charge of tho civil station of Balasore.


Though the Orthodox in America remain a small minority, two figures -the monk Seraphim Rose and the theologian David Bentley Hart- have nevertheless exerted great influence on Christianity both wit...


Using the lottery market in Shanghai as an example,this paper analyzes the equilibrium of the lottery market from its supply and demand. The supply curve depends on the design of the game rule, the demand curve depends on the funning derived from buying the lottery and its effective price, and the equilibrium is decided by them together. And this paper puts forward some policy implications for maximizing the sale revenue according to our equilibrium analysis of the lottery market.


In this note we extend the results of [3] which deal with description of smooth untwisted cohomology for Z-actions by hyperbolic automorphisms of a torus, to the partially hyperbolic case. Along the way we correct an error found at one of the steps in the proof for the hyperbolic case.


The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OL) infected with Candida. Literature search was conducted using Medical Subject Heading terms 'leukoplakia', 'neoplasms', 'Candida', 'malignant transformation' and 'oral' and included all results until February 2017. The initial search identified 372 articles, which was consolidated to 16 articles after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The occurrence of candidal infection in OL ranged from 6.8% to 100.0%. Only 3 of 16 studies reported malignant transformation rates of leukoplakia with Candida infection. The overall malignant transformation rates reported in these studies were 2.5%, 6.5% and 28.7%. This review supports the contention that candidal infection promotes cellular and dysplastic changes in OL. However, further follow-up studies are recommended to confirm the role of Candida infection in malignant transformation of OL lesions.