The objective of the study "Changes in the role of a pharmacist – the expectations and attitude
of populace," was to investigate the readiness of the populace of Estonia for the changes in
the role of the pharmacist and the accompanying expectations to the pharmacist.
As the quality and reliability of counseling service is very important for maintaining a good
level of healthcare for the populace the current product (sales) focused pharmacy service is
being replaced with patient centered pharmaceutical care. This study evaluates the changes in
the image of pharmacist and readiness of populace for cooperation with the pharmacist as a
counselor in primary care medicine, to further the development of counseling process.
Objective of this study was to chart the needs, assessments and expectations of the client for
the counseling carried out in the pharmacies (also exposing possible risks and weaknesses).
In gathering information three methods were combined: focal groups, individual interview
and observation. With focal groups and interviews the assessment of pharmacy service was
gathered from 8 men and 12 women aged 21 to 82 years originating from towns as well as
countryside. The transcriptions were analyzed with cross-case method focusing on citations
and integral principles. To contextualize the gathered assessments with the proportions of
general practice a cross-section type observation was carried out in the Pharmacy of Tartu
University on 15.02.10, filing all visitors (320) during one workday.
Based on the gathered results the stereotype of a pharmacist in all age groups is similarly a
"drug counselor"- the preconditions for successful counseling have been met.
There are no shortfalls in discretion and the patient-pharmacist relationship can be considered
good. When the gender of the pharmacist dose not affect the counseling service directly, age
of the pharmacist is associated with reliability (even professional qualification is secondary to
experience). Depending on client's individual shyness and impatience queues cause
inconveniences, which gives advantage to bigger pharmacies, but there are no obstacles to
counseling from pharmacist's part. Improving the availability of pharmacy service measures
supporting privacy might be of help, for example the use of a queue line.
Assessment of the vocational knowledge concerning over the counter medicine in good.
Sometimes the competence of a pharmacist is evaluated higher than that of a doctor. The
reliability of the professionals is practically equal; either specialist is trusted in their own field
of competence. Readiness for cooperation and counseling exists especially in over the counter
medicine. The importance of a pharmacist in prescription medicines is still undervalued.
Of a pharmacist personal, situation based and client oriented counseling in the complete range
of pharmacy products is expected. Though the most common questions are limited to OTC
and simpler health conditions, more additional information is needed by the risk groups
(parents with small children, patients with chronic disease).
To satisfy all information needs of different clients a pharmacist should know about all
pharmacy products the answers to the following questions: What is inside the product? What
effect it has? Which is cheaper? More appropriate in given situation (for pregnant women,
children, in co-medication)? What are the advantages and disadvantages? How to use it?
Warnings about side-effects and interactions are considered especially important. However
compared to earlier studies the activity of patients participating in drug decisions has not
changed significantly.
Expectation to pharmacist's initiative depends on types of personality, but considering the
dangers associated with blind experimenter, too knowledgeable and trusting patients the
responsibility for risk management remains pharmacists. The given results correspond to the
need for standardized counseling service accentuated in primary care medicine development
plan, to help avoid the conflict between patient and pharmacist induced by the difference of
expectations and information needs.
In addition to answering specific questions the pharmacist should concentrate on quality and
comprehensibility of explanations. The preconditions and readiness to successfully further
introduce counseling service do exist, but the initiative must come from the pharmacist.


Objective
To investigate the changes in heart rate deceleration capacity(DC) and heart rate va-riability(HRV) parameters in children with vasovagal syncope(VVS), to assess the basic autonomic function of children with VVS, and to explore the reference value of DC for the diagnosis of VVS in children.

Methods
VVS group included 62 patients diagnosed with VVS in the Cardiovascular Department of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2015 to December 2017, 56 outpatients undergoing physical examination were selected as the healthy control group, and the changes in DC and HRV matched to age and gender were analyzed respectively.Indexes of DC and HRV of both groups of children in health control group and children with VVS were compared among different age groups or different genders.

Results
(1)Analysis of DC and HRV based on age or gender: whether in healthy children or in children with VVS, DC and HRV parameters varied significantly in the range of different ages, while they were the same in children with different genders.(2)Comparison of DC and HRV in school-age and puberty children between VVS group and healthy control group: in school-aged children, DC of VVS group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group [(6.8±1.0) ms vs.(6.0±0.7) ms, t=-2.412, P<0.01]. Mean square root rates of succe-ssive normal sinus RR interval differences(rMSSD) increased, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). In children at puberty, DC in children of VVS group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group [(7.4±1.2) ms vs.(6.6±1.1) ms, t=-2.742, P<0.01], rMSSD, LF and HF value were significantly higher compared with those of the healthy control group (all P<0.05). (3)Predictive value of DC on VVS: the binary Logistic regression analysis found that only DC was associated with VVS in different age groups.By using receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze the predictive value of DC on VVS, it was found that when making DC 6.5 ms for school age and 7.0 ms at puberty as the threshold, a better prediction of VVS could be achieved with good sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
Children′s autonomic nervous function changes with age, and DC and HRV parameters change significantly during adolescence and at school age.Children with VVS may have abnormally increased vagal tone.When DC ≥6.5 ms at school age or DC≥7.0 ms at puberty, it may have a reference value for the diagnosis of VVS.

Key words:
Vasovagal syncope; Deceleration capacity; Heart rate variability; Autonomic nervous function


Abstract In many data analyses, the dimensionality of the observed data is high while its intrinsic dimension remains quite low. Estimating the intrinsic dimension of an observed dataset is an essential preliminary step for dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, and visualization. This paper introduces an R package, named ider, that implements eight intrinsic dimension estimation methods, including a recently proposed method based on second-order expansion of probability mass function and generalized linear model. The usage of each function in the package is explained with datasets generated using a function that is also included in the package.


After our country joins WTO, of the value intellectual property is more important, intellectual property is easy to suffer very much, is illegal to hurt , should how protective intellectual property, after tort, how to compensate are the one of key program of tort behavior law theoretical research , are also the difficulty of the current adjudication of intellectual property of law case. The tort damages system of intellectual property has mainly: The tort responsibility of intellectual property goes back to the content of duty principle, the tort important document of intellectual property and 3 damages scope aspects.


The paper presents new possibilities of using a mixed method for calculating bendable plates with complex boundary conditions. When composing resolving equations, it is sufficient to have an expression to determine the deflections of a plate with a normal pinched at the origin. Such solutions are given in the authors' previously published works for plates of various shapes. On the basis of these solutions, the canonical equations of the mixed method are compiled, where the unknown forces of the method are the forces in the support links, the displacement method is linear and angular displacement of the pinching introduced at the origin. After determining the unknown forces of the method, according to the generally accepted formulas of the mixed method, the deflections of the plate are determined, according to which, in turn, internal forces are determined. Two examples of calculating plates in Cartesian and polar coordinates are given. Numerical implementation of the proposed methodology and algorithm for elastic calculation of bendable plates with complex boundary conditions is carried out using the Wolfram Mathematica 11.3 computer program.


Modern Machine learning fusion approaches tend to extract features depending on two techniques (hand-crafted feature and representation learning). Hand-crafted features can waste time and are not sufficient for downstream tasks. Unlike representation learning, we automatically learn features with minimum time and effort and are suitable for downstream tasks. In our paper, we provide work on graph neural network methods with details on classical graph embedding approaches and the different methods in neural graph networks such as graph filtering, graph pooling, and the learning parameter for graph following each technique with a general framework or mathematical proof for customer satisfaction. To satisfy customer's feel, this research employs NLP techniques. We describe the adversarial attacks and defenses on graph representation approaches. Also, advanced application of neural graph networks is reviewed, such as combinational optimization, learning program representation, physical system modeling, and natural language processing. Finally, the challenges in geometric neural networks and future research work have been introduced.


Arrangement for the automatic sampling of the milk collection vehicle and with milking - two transport containers (3) which are arranged as an outlet magazine (10) and inlet magazine (11), and - a conveyor (9), which sample bottles (4) from the outlet magazine (10) supplying a sampling device (7) and an identification means (5) for filling and identifying and transported after filling in the region of the inlet magazine (11), characterized, - that a sliding means (12) for pushing out empty sample bottles (4) from the outlet magazine (10) in the conveying direction (9) and a slide means (13) filled for pushing sample bottles (4) from the conveyor (9) and insertion into the inlet magazine (11) are present, and - in that the outfeed and infeed magazine (10, 11) are arranged to form a space side by side and front walls (14) which are adjustable from a closed transport position into an open position and arranged in the region of the conveyor (9).


Active learning is an important component of pharmacy education. By engaging students in the learning process, they are better able to apply the knowledge they gain. This paper describes evidence supporting the use of active-learning strategies in pharmacy education and also offers strategies for implementing active learning in pharmacy curricula in the classroom and during pharmacy practice experiences.


In this paper, a kind of Intelligent Guidance System and intelligent tutoring system for distance art education in colleges and universities based on the integration of current information literacy model (CILM) is put forward. The directed stochastic network based on the category marker variables is constructed so that the effect of the distance art learning in colleges and universities can be greatly enhanced. In addition, the correlation between the marker classifier and literacy can allow more precise literacy correlation accomplished from the long distance art learning in colleges and universities. In combination with 20 benchmark data sets, different evaluation criteria are adopted. And the final research results show that CILM is more superior to the proposed distance art education in colleges and universities.


This paper presents design of an 8-bit 1.8 V segmented current steering (CS) digital-to-analog converter (DAC)using 0.18 μm double poly five metal CMOS technology. The DAC has been segmented as 6+2 to achieve optimum performance for minimum area. The simulation result shows a maximum DNLof 0.30 LSB and an INL of 0.33 LSB. The midcode glitch is0.27 pV s. The simulated SNDR and SFDR of the segmented DAC are 52.13 dB and 44.83 dB respectively. The settling of the segmented DAC is 6.02 ns. The power consumption is simulated as 7.88 mW. The prototype will be used in telecommunication applications.


The effect of deposition layer on the physical, optical and electrical properties of TiO2thin film that were deposited on glass substrates by doctor blade was studied. xray diffraction pattern showed no disruption of crystal and the material is confirmed anatase TiO2. The thicknesses of the thin films increased as the deposition layer increased. FESEM images show crack-free film when the deposition layer was increase. The optical transmittance showed a very high transparency thin films where the readings decreases from 5% to 0% in the visible region. I-V results indicate that the current does not shows any trend of increasing or decreasing from 1 layer to 5 layers' deposition. However, layer 1 exhibited the highest current with 300×10−9 A.


We have used nozzle beams to investigate the energy and angle dependence of the initial sticking coefficient for CO and H2 on an NiAl(110) surface. CO exhibits two adsorption paths, one non-activated, precursor-assisted path and one activated path. A mean activation barrier of ca. 0.67 eV is obtained; such a high barrier has never before been observed for CO adsorption. Saturation coverage is 0.39 ML expressed in terms of surface particle densities. Molecular hydrogen, which is not adsorbed at room temperature, can be adsorbed dissociatively at beam energies above 0.15 eV. A saturation coverage of 0.5 ML (ratio of surface atoms) is seen, accompanied by a work function decrease of 550 meV. Seeded-beam experiments demonstrate a major contribution of vibrational energy in the adsorption dynamics of H2 and D2. State-resolved sticking coefficients could be obtained, indicating an activation barrier of 0.72 eV to dissociation of both isotopes.


This paper concerns the Sacker-Sell spectral decomposition of a
one-parametric perturbation of a non-autonomous linear Hamiltonian
system with bounded solutions. Conditions ensuring the continuous
variation with respect to the parameter of the spectral intervals
and subbundles are established. These conditions depend on the
perturbation direction and are closely related to the topological
structure of the flows induced by the initial system on the real
and complex Lagrange bundles.


According to the dividend signalling hypothesis, dividend change announcements trigger share returns because they convey information about management's assessment on firms' future prospects. We analyse the classical assumptions of the dividend signalling hypothesis, using data from three European countries. The evidence gives no support to a positive relation between dividend change announcements and the market reaction for French firms, and only weak support for the Portuguese and UK firms. After accounting for non-linearity in the mean reversion process, the global results do not give support to the assumption that dividend change announcements are positively related with future earnings changes. We also formulate two hypotheses in order to explore the window dressing phenomenon and the maturity hypothesis, finding some evidence in favour of both, especially in the UK market.


The abundance and species composition of natural enemies (spiders and carabid beetles) and some of their important arthropod food sources (microarthropods, dipterans and hymenopterans) were sampled by soil extraction, pitfall traps and sticky traps in winter wheat placed in an organic crop with undersown catch crops and animal manure (slurry). The working hypothesis was that the undersown crops and animal manure would stimulate the microarthropods and other food sources, thereby enhancing the abundance of natural enemies.
The ANOVA analyses revealed no impact of manuring and undersown catch crops on the microarthropods, but there was a larger abundance of most predator groups in the manured plots. There was not found any impact of undersown crops on the arthropod fauna elements. In stead analyses with the statistical package PRIMER revealed correlations between certain species of the Collembola community and the natural enemies (carabids and spiders), correlations which due to knowledge on food quality relationships are likely to be cause – effect relationships.
The results suggest that when attempting to boost abundance of natural enemies in agricultural fields the working hypotheses needs a higher level of detail. It seems not to be enough to boost the microarthropod fauna in general, but it is important to distinguish between species that are beneficial or unfortunate for the natural enemies.


Today, Android devices are capable of providing various services. They support applications for different purposes, such as entertainment, business, health, education, and banking services. Because of the functionality and popularity of Android devices as well as the open-source policy of Android OS, they have become a suitable target for attackers. An Android botnet is one of the most dangerous malware because an attacker called botmaster can remotely control that to perform destructive attacks. Several researchers have used different well-known Machine Learning (ML) methods to recognize Android botnets from benign applications. However, these conventional methods are not capable of detecting new sophisticated Android botnets. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on Android permissions and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect Android botnet applications. Being the first developed method that applies CNNs for this aim, we also proposed a novel method to represent each application as an image that is constructed based on the co-occurrence of permissions given to that application. The proposed CNN is a binary classifier that is trained using these images. Evaluating the proposed method on 5450 Android applications consist of botnet and benign samples, the obtained results show the accuracy of 97.2% and recall of 96%, which is a promising result only using Android permissions.


A charging device, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a main controller for generating a control signal for charging; an inlet which is connected to a charging cable coupled to electric vehicle-charging equipment and a battery and transmits electricity received through the charging cable to the battery according to the control signal for charging; and a collision detection sensor which is connected to the main controller and detects a collision, wherein the main controller generates a control signal for separating the charging cable.


The ability of the biomass of palm fruit fiber in removing Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr from aqueous solution was investigated as a function of concentration, contact time and pH variations. Palm fruit fiber from the study locations were washed with deionized water, air-dried and ground using electric grinder. The powdered fiber was sieved and treated with 0.3 M HNO


The utility model relates to an exhaust-air purification system for exhaust air from an internal-combustion engine, especially a diesel engine. The exhaust-air purification system is arranged in an exhaust passage and is provided with a shell body (2) with an inlet (3) and an outlet (4), the inlet (3) is connected with an air inlet pipe, and the outlet (4) is connected with an air outlet pipe. At least one catalytic converter unit (6) and a filter unit (7) are arranged in the shell body (2), so that the first part of the whole exhaust air flow flows past the catalytic converter unit (6), and the second part of the whole exhaust air flow flows past the filter unit (7). The first part of the whole exhaust air flow passes through the catalytic converter unit (6) and then flows past a second filter unit (12) arranged at the outlet side, and the second part of the whole exhaust air flow passes through the filter unit (7) and then flows past a second catalytic converter unit (13) arranged at the outlet side.


A method of photographing anomalies of the ocular refracting media is described using the Canon CR-45NM non mydriatic camera. The technique is adequate to obtain a good photograph when the normal technique using mydriasis is contra-indicated.


Abstract: Problem in this research starts from writer observation found in the field that the achievement of learning outcomes almest of student still relatively low. It is proved by odd mid smester examination score in school year 2013/2014 still below average or below minimum completeness criteria(KKM)score so that many student who did not complete in many subjects.purpose of this research is to understand the corelation between physical fitness with students learning achievement at social class in pekanbaru senior high school kind of this research is male students at social class in pekanbaru senior high school number in 20 person are using for total sampling technique which is all the population be created as sample then sample of this research is 20 person. to get research data, it used Indonesia(TKJI) pyscal fitness test and the result of the smester report card.the data obtain were analyzed by simple correlation of product moment. based on result of the research which has writer expalain in previous bab, so it can get the conclution that there is no corelation between psycal fitness with students learning achievement at XI social class in pekanbaru senior high school,it marked by rhitung(0,034)


Indian mythology abounds in heroes. The difference between Western and Eastern myths are that in the East, everything is permeated by the Divine. Men may be heroes but are instruments of God. If not, Gods themselves play the mighty role. For instance, we have Lord Rama in The Ramayana and Lord Krishna in The Mahabharatha. Women Goddesses too play the central role. It is in this context the paper ventures to project the shero concept and the explanation of twelve archetypes. They prove the significance of prayer and the efficacy of making them dynamic in our lives. The 'shero' concept is the new avenue in the studies of feminism today. The aim of the paper is to present it in different dimensions with reference to Dr. Sudha Murthy's tales and Dr.K.R.Srinivasa Iyengar's Saga of Seven Mothers.


Burn injuries together with its subsequent complications, mainly bacterial infections originating from gastrointestinal tract, activate the host immune system through stimulation of a series of local and sys-temic responses, including the release of inflammatory mediators. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of these complex physiological changes and to propose therapeutic approaches to combat the deleterious consequences of burn and septic shocks, it is essential to analyze animal models of burn and sepsis. In this study, we analyzed the long term profiles of cytokines and chemokines in rat models which received burn injury followed 2 days later by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis and were sacrificed at different time points within 10 days (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days). It was observed that MCP-1 concentrations were elevated in all animal models following the burn injury or CLP treatment. IP-10 concentration was persistently decreased after CLP or sham-CLP treatments. GRO/KC concentration was also increased following the burn injury and CLP. It was elucidated that, in more severe injury model which received both burn and CLP treatments, GMCSF and MIP-1a (chemokines), IL-1a (a pro-inflamma-tory cytokine) and IL-6 (exhibiting both pro-and anti-inflammatory behaviors) were upregulated on the 7th and 10th days, which might be to protect the host system from the subsequent complications caused by burn and sepsis. In order to elucidate critical regulatory interactions, putative transcription factors of the inflammatory mediators which have been significantly changed following the injuries were further identified by analyzing the conserved regions of the promoters of cytokines and chemokines. In conclusion , the long term profiles of the inflammatory mediators were profoundly characterized in this study to gain a comprehensive understanding of inflammatory mediators' behaviors in various injury models. Burn injury leads to denaturation of proteins and loss of membrane integrity of cells around the area of injury, which results in secretion of local mediators and endotoxins such as histamine, nitric oxide, oxygen-free radicals and various cytokines including IL-6, PDGF and TGF-a [1–3]. This eventually recruits different blood cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, macro-phages and fibroblasts to the injured area, thus causing a further increase in circulatory proteins and cytokines levels [1]. Although burn wound is an important portal of entry for microbes [4], pathogen originating from gastrointestinal tract is one of the most serious complications , which might be because of physical disruption of the mucosal barrier, intestinal over-growth of bacteria …


Introduction Though the evidence regarding the psychotherapeutic and drug treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is rapidly accumulating, with more then 120 randomised controlled trial on the clinical treatment being availabe currently, no evidence-based guidelines existed as yet in Germany. This talk will present the first German evidence-based clinical guidelines for BPD. Objectives In this talk the German evidence-based clinical guidelines for borderline personality disorder will be presented, and focuses and important recommendations highlighted. Methods A diverse, multidisciplinary panel, including members with research and clinical expertise in the treatment and care of individuals with BPD as well as representatives of persons with lived experience and their relatives, has developed the first evidence-based German treatment guidelines for BPD. The Australian NHMRC and the British NICE guidelines were used as source guidelines and adapted, based on the findings of updated literature searches. All recommendations were consented in an independently moderated, formalised consensus process. Special attention was paid to the management of financial and non-financial conflicts of interest. Results The guidelines support the early detection and treatment of BPD and recommend that the diagnosis be made in adolescents from the age of twelve years on. Disorder-specific psychotherapies, i.e. structured psychological therapies that are specifically designed for people with BPD, are recommended as the first-line treatment for BPD. If the primary focus is the treatment of self-harm, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy or Mentalisation-Based Treatment are recommended. Drug treatment should only be considered if in crisis psychological interventions do not suffice and should be withdrawn as early as possible. Besides, drug treatment may only have a role if required for the treatment of comorbid psychic disorders. The guidelines also recommend educating significant others of the person concerned about the disorder and including them in the development of crisis plans. It is also recommended to offer support to relatives, especially if they are children or adolescents. Also, the role of individuals with BPD who are parents is considered, and early support to foster parenting skills and attachment relationships is recommended. Conclusions The first evidence-based German guidelines on BPD are now available and will help to ameliorate the health care of persons with a diagnosis of BPD. The publication of an English version is impending. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of land-use and management change (LUMC) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics after 15–40 years. LUMC constituted change from rice paddies to chestnut orchard, wetland, and buckwheat upland fields in Shonai region, Yamagata Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Soil samples were collected from the top – (0–15 cm) and sub-layers (15–30 cm) for analysis of soil organic C (SOC) and its δ13C value, total N (TN), and their stocks. C decomposition (Dec-C) and net N mineralization (Net Min-N) were determined according to the production of CO2 and NH4 + + NO3 – by aerobic incubation and CO2 + CH4 and NH4 + by anaerobic incubation, respectively. The results reveal that 40 years after change from rice paddy to orchard and wetland, the SOC and TN contents in the top-layer were not significantly altered. However, in buckwheat upland fields and in the parking area where vegetation was absent, the SOC content decreased significantly. Conversion of rice paddies to amur silver grass wetland altered the soil δ13C the most, leading to an increase of 5.1‰ and 2.9‰ for the top – and sub-layers, respectively. In general, the incubation experiment results revealed that a change to orchard and wetland did not significantly decrease the Dec-C and Net Min-N. Whereas, the change from rice paddies to parking area significantly decreased the Dec-C and Net Min-N in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We conclude that LUMC over decades had various effects on the SOC and TN contents and stocks as well as their mineralization potentials.


This third in a series of articles deals with the analysis of the dyeing behavior of two mulberry and three nonmulberry varieties of silk. The results of the dyeing tests carried out were discussed in relation to the physical and chemical structure of the silk fibers. Noticeable differences in the dye uptake were observed among the different varieties of silk. Mulberry varieties showed higher dye uptake compared to that of all three nonmulberry varieties. Among the nonmulberry varieties, tasar shows higher dye uptake followed by eri and muga. Interestingly, dye uptake reduces significantly within a variety from the outer to the inner layers. The reduction within a variety was found to correlate well with the morphological parameters. Determination of morphology of fibers confirmed significant differences in structural parameters such as crystallinity, orientation, density, and birefringence, for example, between and within varieties. An increase in all these parameters was observed as one moves from the outer to the inner layers within a variety. The differences in the dye uptake of different varieties of silk correlated well with the physical as well as chemical structure of silk fibers. Dye uptake differences between the varieties were found to correlate with the end amino groups. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1116–1123, 2004


The present invention, more specifically, Ted mid reaction cooled in has a short period of time, as well as the yield of the special alloy steel to increase as much as possible immediately after the reaction in the process of a method of reacting the reaction product by using a special ferroalloy smelting during thermite reaction to be made so that, A method of reacting the reaction product by the thermite reaction in banyong vessel special ferroalloy smelting during the refractory filled, cylinder put digging a filling groove of a predetermined depth in the center of the refractory material up to the center of the hollow cylinder on the outside installation process and .; Reaction step of filling, move on which the cylinder filled with the reaction to the filling groove through the tubular body and; The reaction filling processes after which the reaction product to a high temperature reaction, explosive reaction of the high-pressure through the ignition process and formed into a molten metal; After the reaction step, it relates to a reaction method of the reaction product using a thermite reaction in accordance with the special ferroalloy smelting comprises a tubular separation step of separating the cylinder from the molten state.


Abstract Choristomas, or foregut duplication cysts, are benign embryonic tumors characterized by normal tissue appearing in abnormal sites. If they are lined with respiratory epithelium they are termed bronchogenic cysts. When present, these rare lesions are usually intra-thoracic. We here present a case of a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with a bronchogenic cyst in the tongue.


In many regions of the world, groundwater is the main water source for multiple uses, including for drinking, irrigation, and industry. Groundwater quality, therefore, is closely related to human health, and the consumption of contaminated groundwater can induce various waterborne diseases. In the last ten years, the world has witnessed a rapid development in groundwater quality research and the assessment of associated health risks. This editorial introduced the foundation of the current Special Issue, Groundwater Quality and Public Health, briefly reviewed recent research advances in groundwater quality and public health research, summarized the main contribution of each published paper, and proposed future research directions that researchers should take into account to achieve the one health goal. It is suggested that groundwater quality protection should be further emphasized to achieve the one health goal and the UN's SDGs. Modern technologies should be continuously developed to remediate and control groundwater pollution, which is a major constrain in the development of a sustainable society.


Multi lobe journal bearings are used for high operating speeds and high loads in machines. In this paper symmetrical multi lobe journal bearings are analyzed to find out the effect of surface roughnessduring non linear loading. Using the fourth order RungeKutta method, time transient analysis was performed to calculate and plot the journal centre trajectories. Flow factor method is used to evaluate the roughness and the finite difference method (FDM) is used to predict the pressure distribution over the bearing surface. The Transient analysis is done on the multi lobe journal bearings for threedifferent surface roughness orientations. Longitudinal surface roughness is more effective when compared with isotopic and traverse surface roughness.


Organized cooperation between Swedish research libraries dates back to the end of the 19th century, when work began on the Swedish union catalogue. In 1990, Sweden, with 6,127 requests per 100,000 population, was the most interlending intensive country in Europe. However, the decentralization of higher education has focused attention on local services rather than national cooperation. To meet the threat of fragmentization, a system of national resource libraries has been developed, administered by the Royal Library's Office for National Planning and Co-ordination, BIBSAM. The tradition of cooperation is common to the Nordic countries, possibly with the exception of Iceland. Legal deposits provide access to the national imprint. For foreign publications, one depends heavily on ILL. The union catalogues have been automated


Assessment of practical skills in physical education lessons have often been criticised as subjective. In this study three experienced judges' ratings poorly predicted the 116 students' scores on the French badminton short service test.


Objective To research the mechanism and treatment of DIC-like syndrome induced by venom poisoning in the patients with Trimeresurus stejnegeri(Ts)snakebite Methods We measured antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ)activity,α 2-plasmin inhibitor (α 2-PI)activity,fibrinogen concentration (Fg)and level of fibrin degradation products (FD) in 16 patients with Ts bite and contrasted the results before and after treatment.The cruor time (CT)and platelet count (PLT) were also determined.Results Before treatment,the AT-Ⅲ activity 〔(56 6±11 17)%〕was decreased,α 2-PI activity 〔(28 4±5 85)%〕and Fg (0 53±0 16 g/L)was more markedly decreased, and FDP (57.0±8.48 μg/mL) was more markedly increased than normal range.The CT prolonged in 10 cases,and PLT decreased in 11 of 16 patients.All the patients recovered after treatment,but the hematological disturbances returning to normal level was slow.Conclusion After Ts bite,the patient may occur the abnormality in coagulation and fibrinolysis system and appear the defibrinogenation and DIC-like syndrome.[


Context: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher anemia prevalence, though causality remains unclear. Objective: To investigate a potential causal relationship between thyroid function and anemia. Design: Cross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization study Setting: Europeans from UK Biobank Participants: 445,482 participants, mean age 56.77 years (SD 8.0) and 54.2% were women. Self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was stated by 21,860 (4.9%); self-reported clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by 3,431 (0.8%). Main Outcome Measure: Anemia, defined as hemoglobin level of <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women, was present in 18,717 (4.2%) participants. Results: In cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, self-reported clinical diagnoses of hypo- and hyperthyroidism were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.05-1.19 and OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.91-1.30), though with wide confidence intervals for hyperthyroidism. Although we considered a possible non-linear relationship, we did not observe an association of higher or lower genetically-influenced thyrotropin (TSH) with anemia (versus middle tertile: OR lowest tertile 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.02; highest tertile 1.02, 95% CI 0.98-1.06), nor of genetically-influenced free thyroxine (fT4) with anemia. Individuals with genetic variants in the DIO3OS gene implicated in intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones had a higher anemia risk (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.10); no association was observed with variants in DIO1 or DIO2 genes. Conclusions: While self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia, we did not found evidence supporting this association was causal. However, intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones might play a role in developing anemia.


Monodisperse hollow silica spheres of uniform size and ordered mesoporous shells have been successfully fabricated in water/heptane/CTAB nanoemulsions induced by compressed CO(2).


It is well known that the speaker discriminative information is not equally distributed over the spectral domain. However, it is still not clear whether that distribution is altered when the speech is transmitted through telecommunication channels, which introduce different kinds of degradations. In this paper we address the analysis of different frequency sub-bands when the speech is distorted with different bandwidth filters and channel codecs, considering narrowband and wideband communications. Our i-vector experiments on different subbands with 782 speakers show that standard landline codecs perform generally better than wireless codecs due to their intrinsic coding algorithm, their performance being close to, but slightly worse than that of uncoded speech. Wideband signals offer significant benefits over narrowband for speaker verification. A smaller experiment with 21 speakers leads us to believe that the emerging super-wideband transmissions may provide even better results because it shows important speaker-specific content in the band 8-14kHz.


In modern conditions of the existence of socio-economic systems, the urgent problem is the formation of sustainable development of regions. To study the formation of sustainable development, the authors took two components, such as food security of the region and environmental innovation, an orientation towards a green economy. A comparative analysis of the theoretical aspects of the formation of food security in the works of domestic and foreign scientists is carried out. A study of the Global Food Security Index for 113 countries is presented, using the methods of statistical analysis and analytical grouping, six leading countries in terms of food security are identified. The largest group, accounting for 22.12% of the total population, is made up of countries in the 71.12–78.21 range of the Food Security Index. The grouping of countries was carried out according to the parameter "Natural resources and sustainability", which showed that the largest group, consisting of 38 countries or 33.62%, is in the range of 44.0-49.9, only 10 countries fell within the borders with the minimum the level of natural resources and sustainability from 32.2 to 38.1. The analysis made it possible to compile a rating and note the presence of the greatest food security problems in African countries. It is concluded that the transition to environmentally friendly ways of running the economy leads to high productivity of natural resources.


Using Hill's criterion for yielding of an orthotropic material, the plastic design of a plate having minimum volume is investigated. A stress-function approach is proposed for finding an approximate solution to the non-linear optimization problem. The possibility of using piecewise linear representations of the yield surface in order to reduce the problem to a linear one is also explored. Numerical results are presented for a circular plate under axisymmetric loading, and it is demonstrated that solutions to the linearized problems provide bounds upon the volume of material required by the Hill condition.


From the comparison between NBA and CBA,it can be found that NBA and CBA have different backgrounds and functions.NBA basketball league tournament market has produced club owner and presidents,the club owner and club general manager,these two levels commission and agent mechanism.The commission and agent mechanism between our country CBA organizations and investors are not clear.Although investors and professional club managers have existed formal commission and agent relations,they are lack of the encouragement and the restraint mechanism by the system and the contract.But then,the commission and agent mechanism between our country CBA league tournament organizations and the sports agency organizations have a certain innovation value and the positive significance in the design.NBA and CBA also have great differences in the management: NBA has many exterior preferential policies,such as "the monopoly exemption power",while CBA still does not have any exterior preferential policy;NBA has the complete interior laws and regulations system while the CBA internal laws and regulations system still not systematic and integrated.


Murals have been created throughout Los Angeles by artists from diverse artistic and cultural traditions and backgrounds. The City has recently undertaken efforts to ensure that processes are in place to protect and preserve murals on both public and private property. The City Council and City staff are currently assessing the permitting process to ensure that these culturally significant works of art are preserved. There has been a significant increase in the issuance of citations relative to murals which are painted on private property. The citations ultimately result in the murals being removed from private property in order to comply with building and safety codes for mural signs or advertisements. These murals are an integral part of cultural expression in the City of Los Angeles. While the City is conducting its analysis, it is important that these murals be protected until the City formally adopts procedures for permitting murals on private property.


The invention relates to a wideband sound absorption unit plate and belongs to the field of noise reduction by sound absorption. The sound absorption unit plate mainly comprises a sound insulation plate cavity, a resonant thin plate or a resonant thin film, a perforated or micro-perforated plate, an aluminum fiber plate and a shell. The sound absorption unit plate has a layered structure and comprises the aluminum fiber plate, the perforated or micro-perforated plate, the resonant thin plate or the resonant thin film and the sound insulation plate cavity in sequence from the front face to the rear face, and the shell is packaged around the other four faces, except for the front face and the rear face, of the unit plate. The sound absorption unit plate is wide in sound absorption frequency band, and especially the sound absorption effect at the low frequency band is greatly improved. The wideband sound absorption unit plate is simple in structure, low in weight, easy to machine and manufacture, wide in application range and capable of being applied to noise reduction by sound elimination in places of indoor walls, outdoor sound barriers, station platforms, railway lines and the like.


ions of most contemporary political ecologists. Of the several Bookchins, White's preference is for the pragmatic ''open-ended utopian ecological urbanist'' over the ''eschatological revolutionary'' (196), or, the grand narrative meta-theorist, or the nature philosopher who hoped to philosophically reintegrate nature and culture. It was indeed as an ecological urbanist that Bookchin's work flowered, but perhaps White's skepticism, or caution (which does, however, identify Bookchin's major theoretical weaknesses) does the other Bookchins a disservice. Nevertheless, White's book is exemplary in the care, method and integrity with which he examines Bookchin's work, and it should be read by anyone interested in addressing the social and ecological crises that have now become planet wide.


Although the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) has been studied extensively for years, the origin of some of its first‐order structures is still under debate, particularly the relatively young uplift of the Vosges Mountains (VM) and Black Forest Mountains (BFM). Their uplift appears to be temporally related to the change of the URG into a continental transform, the rapid subsidence of its deep northern basin, and the onset of erosional and nondepositional phase south of the Northern Basin. Recent observations from newly released seismic reflection data, coupled with older geologic and seismic observations, are used to explain this correlation. We suggest that when the URG turned into a continental transform during the early Miocene, not only was its northern basin transtensionally subsiding as previously suggested, but the VM and BFM were transpressionally uplifted. Transpression became weaker with growing distance from the Alpine front, and north of Baden‐Baden the transpression is expressed only by down‐buckling of the sediments, forming a deep, elongated syncline. The largest uplifts and erosion associated with this event occurred along both boundaries of the southern URG. However, the center of the graben was also affected to some extent, causing widespread erosion of pre‐early Miocene sediments and subsequent nondeposition. The arcuate Vosges and Black Forest fault systems, which formed the boundary faults of the URG during the Oligocene, became mechanically unfavorable during the Miocene transpressional regime. Instead, more linear normal faults took over as the dominant boundary faults, forming the western and eastern Rhine Fault systems and assuming a strike‐slip component of motion.


We propose a numerical method for calculating the flows arising in a pipeline during its rupture, including calculation of the release rate. Test calculations are performed and a comparison is made with the available experimental data. A satisfactory agreement between the experimentally determined flow rate and flow rate calculated by the proposed method is shown. It is also shown that the proposed method allows one to calculate with much higher accuracy than the currently used parametric formulas.


Rationale: Increased mechanistic understanding about what drives adaptive angiogenesis to perfuse hypoxic tissue will aid development of much-needed therapies for peripheral artery disease. In this...


Ginseng exhibits multiple pharmacological actions.Ginsenosides,which are pharmacological active ingredients in ginseng,are responsible for their effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems.Recent studies have shown that the ginsenosides regulate various types of ion channels in neurons.For example,ginsenosides inhibit not only voltage-dependent Ca2+ and Na+ channel activities,but also ligand-gated ion channels such as N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors.GS can attenuate Ca2+influx,clear free radicals,suppress the oxidative stress,and then exert neuroprotective effect.Recent research has suggested that ginsenosides,as the active ingredients of ginseng,also exert beneficial effects on central nervous diseases,especially in neurodegenerative disorders.This review will focus on the ginsenoside-induced regulation of ion channel activities in the central nervous system,and will further expand the effects of ginsenosides on central nervous diseases especially on neurodegenerative disorders,such as Parkinson's disease,epileptic seizures and ischemia.


Florence, Melanie. Stolen Words. Illus. Gabrielle Grimard. Second Story Press, 2017.Stolen Words is a sensitive and thoughtful story about the legacy and intergenerational impact of Canada's residential school system, the reclamation of language, and the tender relationship between a seven-year-old nosisim (granddaughter) and her nimosom (grandfather). Florence draws on her own experience for the story, having never had the opportunity to speak to her own nimosom about his Cree heritage.After making a dreamcatcher in school, Nosisim goes to her nimosom, asking how to say "grandfather" in Cree. Nimosom replies that he "lost his words a long time ago." He explains that he (and his words) were taken away from their home, "... to a school that was cold and lonely, where angry white faces raised their voices and their hands when we used our words." Nosisim wants to help Nimosom "find your words again," and the next day, brings home a Cree dictionary. Reading the long-forgotten words, Nimosom's language is reawakened, and he promises Nosisim that he will teach her his words.Stolen Words does not shy from the realities and long-term impacts of the residential school system. However, Florence addresses these sensitively and age-appropriately. For example, Nimosom talks about being separated from his family. While the pain of the separation is clear, Florence's gentle prose ensures it is not overwhelming for young readers. Also, Grimard's illustrations are evocative, highlighting the close relationship between Nosisim and Nimosom, and effectively showing how Nimosom's language was captured (and freed) using bird imagery.The phrasing of the sentences, and the inclusion of Cree words makes this a more appropriate read-aloud to younger readers, but it would be suitable for independent reading for students in mid-elementary school. While the subject matter is relevant for students in upper-elementary school, the text itself is below grade reading level. This book is highly recommended for both school and public libraries. Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Andrea QuaiattiniAndrea Quaiattini is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta's JW Scott Health Sciences Library. While working as a camp counsellor, she memorized Mortimer and The Paper Bag Princess by Robert Munsch as bedtime stories for the kids.  She can still do all the voices.


Mediator subunit MED1 mediates ligand-dependent binding of the Mediator coactivator complex to various nuclear receptors and plays critical role in embryonic development, lipid and glucose metabolism, liver regeneration and tumorigenesis. However, the precise role of MED1 in the development of liver fibrosis has been unclear. Here, we showed that MED1 expression was increased in livers from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and mice, and positively correlated with TGF-β signaling and pro-fibrotic factors. Upon with CCl4 treatment,hepatic fibrosis was much lesser in liver specific MED1 deletion (MED1ΔLiv) mice than in MED1fl/fl littermates. TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway was inhibited, and gene expression of fibrotic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp2), and metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (Timp1) were decreased in livers of MED1ΔLiv mice with CCl4 injection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in livers of CCl4-adminstered MED1ΔLiv mice were enriched in pathway of oxidoreductase activity, following with robustly reduced oxidoreductase activity related genes, such as Gm4756, Txnrd3, and Etfbkmt. More importantly, we found that reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MED1knockdown hepatocytes blocked the activation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway and the expression of fibrotic genes in LX2 cells. These results indicate that MED1 is a positive regulator for hepatic fibrogenesis and MED1 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the regression of liver fibrosis.


The invention discloses facial mask powder added with pearl powder. The facial mask powder consists of pearl powder, corn starch, talc, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, hemlock parsley, motherwort, rhubarb, angelica and red sage root which are ground and then mixed well. A preparation process comprises: drying Chinese medicaments respectively and then grinding the dried Chinese medicaments through airflow; grinding Chinese medicinal powder to 400 meshes; sieving the obtained product with a 60-mesh sieve; adding pearl powder; mixing and stirring evenly; and obtaining the facial mask powder. As the pearl powder containing a plurality of amino acids and nutrient components is added to the facial mask powder, the facial mask powder is natural and mild, greatly reduces the irritation property and toxic-side effects of the facial mask powder, is safe and mild, effectively enhances the metabolism function of skin cells, promotes the regeneration of surface cells, achieves good beautifying effects, and ensures that skin is bright, clean, beautiful, tender and charming.


The Ji De Sheng She Yao tablet (季德胜蛇药片)is a drug for snake-bites and insect bites. According to recent reports, this drug has been used to treat herpes zoster, hepatitis B, parotitis, nephrotic syndrome, acute conjunctivitis, recurrent aphtha, urticaria, etc.1 with good therapeutic effects. More than half of the AIDS patients suffered from herpes zoster. The area of skin lesion in AIDS patients is larger than that of the patients without AIDS and the pain lasts longer. Many cases have keloids and depigmentation for months, even severe pain till their death. Routine therapeutic methods are not satisfactory in therapeutic effects. The expert group of traditional Chinese medicine for cooperative research on AIDS used Ji De Sheng She Yao tablets (季德胜蛇药片) to treat AIDS complicated by herpes zoster for the first time and the results are reported as follows.


Job supply is the first market supply with products and service the second. It is the basic choice to eliminate poverty in cities and towns besides offering fundamental life insurance to those laid off workers.


A device (10, 90) to reduce the damage or rupture of the tissue during delivery, comprising: a sheet (21) of flexible material having an upper side (22) and a lower side (23), where at least part of the underside (23), in use, it is arranged to be in contact with a first adjacent the rear of the entrance of the vagina area or a second area comprising the posterior part of the input vagina; wherein said sheet is formable with said first or second areas during use, and wherein at least a portion of said bottom side (23) during use is in contact with the wall of the birth canal and said upper side (22) is facing away from the wall of the birth canal.


Writing 4
The course is designed to develop an effective academic writing. It involves writing an article for scientific journal as a report writing based on a specific research.


A port safety management system needs to be established for Colombo Port as the number of ships calling the port has increased up to nearly 4,000 annually due to increase of import/export cargoes and transhipment cargoes. However, due to lack of financial resources and technologies Sri Lanka Port Authorities hopes to get assistance to establish a port safety management system for the international community including Korea. In the meantime, Korea needs to develop new projects for ODA program under expansion of ODA budget and has got requests from IMO and developing countries to transfer maritime safety technologies to developing countries for maritime safety. An international cooperation for Colombo Port's safety management is suggested to be carried out by three steps, I.e., capacity building for port safety management, establishment of port management system and expansion of port management facilities.


A new series of furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine–1,3,4‐oxadiazole hybrid derivatives were synthesized via an environmentally friendly, multistep synthetic tool and a one‐pot Songoashira‐heterocyclization protocol using, for the first time, nanostructured palladium pyrophosphate (Na2PdP2O7) as a heterogeneous catalyst. Compounds 9a–c exhibited broad‐spectrum activity with low micromolar EC50 values toward wild and mutant varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) strains. Compound 9b was up to threefold more potent than the reference drug acyclovir against thymidine kinase‐deficient VZV strains. Importantly, derivative 9b was not cytostatic at the maximum tested concentration (CC50 > 100 µM) and had an acceptable selectivity index value of up to 7.8. Moreover, all synthesized 1,3,4‐oxadiazole hybrids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in four human cancer cell lines: fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080), breast (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231), and lung carcinoma (A549). Data showed that compound 8f exhibits moderate cytotoxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 13.89 to 19.43 µM. Besides, compound 8f induced apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation, cell death independently of the mitochondrial pathway, and cell cycle arrest in the S phase for HT1080 cells and the G1/M phase for A549 cells. Finally, the molecular docking study confirmed that the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds is mediated by the activation of caspase 3.


This paper describes the analysis and conclusions regarding the use of butanol/biobutanol as a component of – biobutanol is interesting as biocomponent of gasoline, diesel fuel as well as aviation fuels. This is especially important in case of air transport, which is the carbon dioxide emission source of the fastest growth. gasoline, including aviation ones, but there are no information about biobutanol added to mineral Jet fuel as well as diesel fuel. Direction of research conducted by leading aviation companies indicates that hydrocarbon biocomponent will be main biofuel used as aviation turbine fuel. One of reported technology is focused on use of butane-1-ol as semi-finished products for isoparaffinic hydrocarbons generation that then would be used for aviation turbine fuels production. In order to do such analysis the preliminary lab testing of blends of butanol isomers with aviation fuel Jet A-1 and diesel fuel were performed. The paper contains the results of standard tests for blends of mineral fuels with butane-1-ol and butane-2-ol added in concentration of 0-20 % regarding the use of such component of mineral fuels are pr significantly influence on conductivity of Jet fuel. In case of aviation fuel for turbine engines, and diesel fuel, the restrictions regarding direct use of butanol are important. However, butanol can be treated as semi-finished material for synthesizing of biohydrocarbons used in above applications.


: The use of pesticides in agriculture is restricted due to environmental and health hazards. However, pests need to be managed to harvest healthy crops. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the developed countries encourages the management of the plant diseases and pests through biological control by using the appropriate, efficient and quality bioagents. The bioagents viz ., Trichoderma harzianum , T. viride , T. virens , T. atroviride , T. koningii, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pseudomonas fluorescens , etc have been proved effective for the management of the seed- and soil borne plant pathogens/ diseases. Different workers have worked out the mode of action of the bioagents. Molecular studies have shown that different genes in the bioagents are responsible for their efficiency to manage the pathogens and enhancing the plant growth. The bioagent like T. asperellum has been found to be endophyte in the plant system and perform very well for all these characters. Therefore, a large number of rhizospheric bioagent should be isolated and studied for useful characters of eco-friendly management of biotic and abiotic stresses. The method of use of the bioagents in plant health management should also be studied thoroughly, as seed bio-priming of the bioagents particularly Trichoderma spp. have been found quite effective to manage the plant pathogens and enhancing germination, seedling vigour, plant growth, etc. In the wake of climate change, the bioagents are the hope to overcome the biotic and abiotic stresses and ecofriendly and sustainable management of diseases and plant health. An attempt has been made to summarize the work carried out on seed priming by a different method in general and seed bio-priming in particular and has been presented in this article.


The objectives of this research were to evaluate quality and characteristics of research, to evaluate effect sizes in correlation term, and to study the effect of moderators on effect size differences. The research synthesis consisted of a metaanalysis of 18 quantitative research reports involving the relationships between optimism and well-being using experimental and correlational designs that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated the expected significant positive relationship between optimism and well-being. The analysis of moderators revealed that 5 variables (i.e. types of dependent variables, publication year, sample size, research quality, and the numbers of dependence variable) moderated the relationship between optimism and well-being.


We report the polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe laser, pumped by the 1.85 µm InGaAsP/InP laser diode and Er-fiber laser. The output power is 42 and 520 mW at a slope efficiency of 23 and 53 %, respectively.


The design and realization method of simulation system based on component has better support for developing battle simulation system, especially in the model reuse, the efficiency of developing ,and the system maintenance. The paper discusses the design and realization of armored vehicle battle simulation system based on component.


e24093Background: Disease progression in cancer patients (pts) leads to the development of endogenous intoxication. The aim of the work was to study biochemical changes reflecting endotoxicosis syn...


The study analyses the performance and price effects of 2,580 technical trading systems in the US and German stock markets. Technical stock trading is highly profitable when based on 30-minutes data in the stock index futures markets. However, when trading is based on daily data the profitability of technical models declines significantly. When based on 30-minutes data technical stock trading is extremely profitable in sample as well as out of sample. The profitability of technical stock trading is exclusively due to the exploitation of persistent stock price runs. This is reflected by the fact that profitable positions last on average roughly three times longer than unprofitable positions. A strong feed-back mechanism is operating between stock price movements and the transactions triggered off by technical models. Rising stock prices, e.g., cause increasingly more technical models to produce buy signals, which in turn strengthen and lengthen the upward price movement.


The natural alkaloids, camptothecin and mappicine ketone were converted into racemic mappicine which on treatment with vinyl acetate in presence of the lipase Candida cylindracea(CCL) afforded (S)-mappicine acetate and (R)-mappicine. The acetate was chemically hydrolysed to (S)-mappicine. 9-Methoxycamtpothecin and 9-methoxymappicine ketone were similarly converted into (S)- and (R)-9-methoxymappicines.


This paper introduces the using actuality of ERP in printing industry,and then analyzes some possible causes of the difficulties for printeries to implement ERP.To reduce these difficulties,we put forward our scheme: to implement ERP by partly customing a model which is flexible,universal,robust.The kernel of our scheme is the capability to rebuild physical structure and to implement dynamic procedure.We discuss the logical structure in detail which could be a reasonable scheme for the implementation of ERP system in some field.


The utility model discloses a test tube rack which comprises a rack body, wherein the rack body comprises support plates positioned at the two ends of the rack body; the upper ends and middle parts between the support plates at the two ends of the rack body are provided with upper and lower layer orifice plates; and the lower part between the two-end support plates is provided with a bottom plate, the upper and lower layer orifice plates are correspondingly provided with through holes which are uniformly arranged, and the through holes are provided with wrapping hole sleeves made of an elastic rubber material. The test tube rack provided by the utility model has the beneficial effects that according to the scheme, the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, test tubes with different thicknesses are placed in a certain diameter range, the test tubes can not collide with the hard material of the test tube rack, the aculeated noises are reduced, and the splintering of the test tubes is reduced.


This article discusses the role and analytical capabilities of financial statements in making management decisions, since financial statements must faithfully reflect the financial position, financial results and cash flow of an enterprise, which requires truthful reflection of completed operations, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and criteria recognition of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The value of financial statements is that it is the information base of financial analysis and audit. Therefore, the reliability of all objects reflected in the account, is a necessary condition in the preparation of accounting and reporting information, both on the property status of the enterprise, and on the results of its activities.


Our planet is under intense observation—by satellites, seismometers, buoys, radar, and more. These instruments generate authentic data sets that are freely accessible online, and thus available for K-12 students and teachers to use in STEM classrooms. This chapter examines how teachers engaged in the NASA Endeavor program, a STEM teacher professional development initiative, use authentic online data in their classrooms and the effects of these activities on teaching and learning. Endeavor teachers use data in many ways, including through curriculum programs developed to scaffold earth data sets for use by students. Through qualitative analysis of teacher interviews, teacher course work, student work, and other relevant data, the researchers discovered that employing authentic online data in Endeavor teachers' classrooms helped students to construct explanations based on evidence and make real world connections to science content.


This thesis is a conversational document that will examine the manifestation of the auditory(hearing) and motor(physical motion) cortex of the cerebrum and how this connection influences character physicality in theatre. In this thesis, The Mountaintop, written by Katori Hall, is used as a gateway to conduct research on music and rhythm as it affects the body and creating physical character choices. By reflecting on personal musical exploration,that of my peers, and students, its concluded that this method can be used for all stages of character building and performance experiences. The various backgrounds of the subjects — students and peers — confirmed the findings with traditional and nontraditional creative minds, with each participant physically responding to various rhythms and music.This exploration was performed on a spectrum from a general lens to a focused nuanced perspective for specific characters by seasoned performers.


Fifteen synthetic CV syllables varying perceptually from [di] through [ti] to [si] were used in an identification task. In the control condition each stimulus occurred equally often. In the anchoring conditions, one of the phonetic exemplars occurred more often than the other stimuli. For the [di] and [ti] anchor groups no consistent changes in identification were found. The [si] anchor group showed a significant shift of the [ti]‐[si] category boundary toward the [si] endpoint. The [di]‐[ti] boundary showed no systematic change after anchoring. A qualitatively different pattern of results were obtained using a similar set of stimuli in a selective adaptation paradigm [W. A. Ainsworth, Percept. Psychophys. 21, 365–370 (1977)]. Both [di] and [ti] adaptors caused shifts of both category boundaries in the direction of the adaptor while [si] had no systematic effects. It is possible that selective adaptation may affect channels of analysis sensitive to relative timing information. The effects of anchoring may...


Governments and international bodies continue to praise the family for its service to the good of individuals and of society. Among its important contributions are the rearing of children and the care of the elderly. So far as the former is concerned, however, the family is subject to increasing criticism and suggestions are made for further state intervention, particularly in the area of education. In response to this challenge I consider the natural operation of the family in relation to the development of children, and examine the implications of this for the role of the state in promoting, protecting or interfering with family life. Relating this to the issue of autonomy I argue that the sort of liberalism that lies behind the increasing criticism of parental authority is unable to find a place for the common good of family because of its commitment to neutrality between life-shaping values. I conclude that the best advice that philosophers might offer to policy makers is to make it possible for families to flourish in the ways they themselves recognise to be best.


Abstract : The author describes current theories of superconductivity and considers classes of materials that may eventually exhibit superconductivity at room temperatures.


Almost 100 years ago Sir Arthur Eddington noted that the interiors of stars were inaccessible to observations. The advent of helio- and asteroseismology has completely changed this assessment. Helioseismology has provided very detailed information about the interior structure and dynamics of the Sun, highlighting remaining issues in our understanding of the solar interior. In the last decade extensive observations of stellar oscillations, in particular from space photometry, have provided very detailed information about the global and internal properties of stars. Here I provide an overview of these developments, including the remarkable insight that has been obtained on the properties of evolved stars.


The North American monsoon (NAM) is an annual climate system phenomenon that develops over the Sierra Madre Occidental in western Mexico and spreads northwards into the southwest United States from June through September bringing large quantities of rainfall and lightning, which can vary greatly on intra‐ and inter‐annual timescales. The timing of the NAM onset can lengthen or shorten the wildfire season in the southwest United States. Here we determine NAM onset thresholds and subsequent dates for the Southwest Area (SWA; Arizona, New Mexico, west Texas, and Oklahoma panhandle) and each SWA Predictive Services Area (PSA) April through September from 1995–2013. Various wildfire activity thresholds were defined to capture days or events associated with increased wildfire activity that are considered "busy" by wildland fire management in the context of an impact on firefighting resources. These defined thresholds allow for a unique examination of the relationship between the NAM and wildfire. Self‐organizing maps (SOMs), utilizing 500‐hPa geopotential heights and precipitable water, were implemented to identify atmospheric patterns contributing to the NAM onset and "busy" days for the SWA and each PSA. Map types from the SOMs analysis showed the transition to, during, and from the NAM. Northwards and eastwards displacements of the subtropical ridge over the SWA were associated with NAM onset. Restructuring of the subtropical ridge in time (i.e., amplification or breakdown) as inferred from map types over the SWA was directly associated with increased wildfire activity. By identifying atmospheric patterns pertinent to busy days of wildfire activity and a wildfire‐based perspective of the NAM in the SWA, fire weather forecasters can proactively identify potential periods that may be particularly impactful on wildfire suppression resources.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the treatment of high tibial osteotomy and fixation with Giebel plate for osteoarthritis of the knee associated with varus.Methods From August 2008to February 2012,we treated 38cases(47knees),Including 13males(15knees)and 25females(32knees);aged from 36to 58years,mean 48.5years.All patients felt pain mainly in medial aside of the knee.We analyzed the data with HSS knee scoring system.Results 38patients were followed up,from 18to 24months with an average of 20.2months.There were no complications.All tibia healed after 12~14weeks.Pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared.Lines of force remained at the postoperative radiography.The preoperative knee tibial angle were(1 0 2.1±4.3)°before operation and(9 1.5± 4.1)°after operation.Resulting data were analyzed by paired t-test(P0.01).Accordinging to HSS knee scoring cystem,there were excellent in 24knees,fine in 16knee and poor in 2knee.Excellent rate is 85.1%.Conclusion The high tibial osteotomy and Giebel plate fixation which has good simple surgical tissue trauma,shorter operative time,fewer complications,early ambulation and quick recovery of function,is a good choice for osteoarthritis of the knee associated with varus.


The state of publications on comparative procedure law is still deficient and, accordingly, an understanding of the topic is only possible along very thin lines, which do not even include either accepted or rejected theories in the literature.  In order to avoid any possible misconceptions, I would at this point like to emphasize, once again, the title and contents of this article: This article is not about presenting a certain comparative procedure law project or describing/outlin- ing so-called "concrete" comparative procedure law studies, but rather this article is focused on comparative procedure law in its theoretical-methodological context.


Apparently, the social situation in which Luke's community lived was that of an urban setting in the Eastern Mediterranean. This situation was shaped by the honor and patronage culture of the Hellenistic city. At the heart of the Lukan community's ethos lay its common meals. The purpose of these meals was dual: On the one hand, they forged a common identity for a socially and ethnically diverse group of Christians; on the other hand, they functioned as a criticism of urban culture.


The plasma copolymerization of ethylene (ET) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was investigated by means of IR and XPS analyses. The deposition rates for plasma ET/TFE copolymers, when plotted versus mol % TFE in the feed gas, gave a concave-downward curve situated above the straight-line joining the deposition rates for the respective plasma polymers, PPET and PPTFE, with the maximum rate at ∼ 70-80 mol % TFE. This result, coupled with the finding that normalized absorbances of the CH and CF IR bands of ET/TFE copolymers had maxima at ∼ 20 and 80 mol % TFE, respectively, indicated a positive interaction between ET and TFE such that each monomer "sensitized" the plasma copolymerization of the other. As analyzed by XPS, CF groups dominated over CF2 and CF3 groups at 5-70 mol % TFE, but at ≥ 80 mol % TFE, these moieties approached the relative proportions in PPTFE (CF2 > CF3 > CF). The plot of F/C ratio versus mol % TFE was concave-upward and situated below the hypothetical straight-line plot representing noninteracting, independent polymerization of ET and TFE, while the % F in the plasma copolymers was linear with mol % TFE. The F1s mean binding energies of the ET/TFE plasma copolymers, which increased monotonically with % F, were consistently higher than those for several commercial polymers of fluorinated olefins at comparable values of % F. This result suggested clustering of CFn moieties in the plasma copolymers or the presence of F atoms in highly fluorinated environments. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


AIM: To investigate the role of plasma circulating miR-126 and miR-16 in the patients with coronary artery heart disease and to explore the influence of miR-126 on vascular endothelial cells.METHODS: Plasma total RNA was isolated from 52 patients with stable coronary artery disease and 52 healthy volunteers.The circulating miR-126 and miR-16 in those people were detected using specific primers.Endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was transfected with a miR-126 inhibitor,and total RNA of the cells was isolated 30 h after transfection to detect the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).RESULTS: The expression of plasma circulating miR-126 was significantly decreased in the patients with coronary artery heart disease compared with healthy controls(P0.05).No significant difference of circulating miR-16 between the patients with coronary artery heart disease and healthy controls was observed(P0.05).The expression of VEGF in the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 transfected with miR-126 inhibitor was 2.08 times higher than that in negative control cells 30 h after transfection(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Plasma circulating miR-126 is significantly decreased in the patients with coronary artery heart disease.Plasma circulating miR-16 in the patients with coronary artery heart disease and in the healthy controls is stable.miR-126 negatively regulates the expression of VEGF in vascular endothelial cells.


This paper is based on work undertaken for the Commonwealth Department of Finance and Administration and reports on recent developments within the Australian public sector of performance measurement in policy advice output. It outlines the role of performance information in an accrual‐based outcomes and outputs management framework, examines the merits of a model for developing criteria for "good" performance information and explores how these design principles might be applied to policy advice output. The paper identifies the key attributes of policy advice output from the perspective of both providers and clients and their linkage to proposed performance indicators, and concludes by surveying the political and accountability problems associated with specifying and measuring policy advice in government.


Proteomics offers new means for the research of parasitology. The key technologies of proteomics research, including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, biological mass spectrometry, image analysis, bioimformatics, the major contents and the potential applications of proteomics in the discovery of drug and vaccine are reviewed.


The rare-earth metal germanides RE2Ge9 (RE = Nd, Sm) have been prepared by thermal decomposition of the metastable high-pressure phases REGe5 at ambient pressure. The compounds adopt an orthorhombic unit cell with a = 396.34(4) pm; b = 954.05(8) pm and c = 1238.4(1) pm for Nd2Ge9 and a = 395.46(7) pm; b = 946.4(2) pm and c = 1232.1(3) pm for Sm2Ge9. Crystal structure refinements reveal space group Pmmn (No. 59) for Nd2Ge9. The atomic pattern resembles an ordered defect variety of the pentagermanide motif REGe5 (RE = La; Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) comprising corrugated germanium layers. These condense into a three-dimensional network interconnected by eight-coordinated germanium atoms. The resulting framework channels along [100] enclose the neodymium atoms. With respect to the atomic arrangement of the pentagermanides, half of the interlayer germanium atoms are eliminated in an ordered way so that occupied and empty germanium columns alternate along [001]. The rare-earth metal atoms of both types of compounds, REGe5 and RE2Ge9, exhibit the electronic states 4f 3 and 4f 5 (oxidation state +3) for neodymium and samarium, respectively, evidencing that the modification of the germanium network leaves the electron configuration of the metal atoms unaffected.


To situate the current position of finance research within a broader model of the philosophy of social science to illustrate the narrowness of the finance discipline. Scholarly inquiry involving capital markets models like the efficient market hypothesis and the capital asset pricing model has had a profound influence on the contemporary finance literature. To justify the need for alternative paradigms, we use and ASD model depicting scholarly finance research as a dynamic, multidimensional, social model. A discussion of the model reveals an element of social conflict at the meso-level, which must be resolved if new patterns are to evolve at the macro-level. Finally, we discuss potential emergent patterns and some specific qualitative research methods that might prove useful in investigating finance problems.


The article is dedicated to an actual today's problem of studying dispelling of senior pupils. The author considers the mistakes in the impressive and expressive speech of schoolchildren in 9-11 classes that allows to deepen the scientific views about peculiaritiesof the speech development, mechanisms and structure of the speech defects in high school, specify symptomatology and the mechanisms of disorthography that will contribute to the development (creation) of more effective methods for diagnostics, prevention and correction of written language disorders.


The cutterhead driving system of tunnel machine is over-actuated by redundant driving chains with inevitable load and parameter deviations. These deviations were rarely considered, and the researches on multi-motors synchronization and gear dynamics were usually isolated. In this paper, a novel electromechanical coupled model of the whole cutterhead driving system is established by connecting the vector-controlled motors via gear meshing system. Force transmissions between all coupled elements are investigated by analyzing rotational and translational dynamics, and the time-varying meshing stiffness and nonlinear backlash of both parallel pinions driving and multi-stage planetary reducer are considered. The phase and frequency features of meshing dynamics are also investigated. Comparative simulations are carried out with load and parameter deviations between multi-chains under two control structures, speed parallel control and torque master-slave control; some practical control principles are also concluded. The simulation results are verified and applied on a Φ2.5-m test rig. The consistent results indicate that, the meshing dynamics have the frequency components of carrier revolution and the meshing frequencies of both current planet and endmost pinion. Torque master-slave control could realize torque synchronization against all the adverse deviations while speed parallel control fails, and the vibration could be significantly reduced with lower rigidity in speed control.


This paper discusses the effects of electro-deposition processing conditions on the film composition and surface morphology. The rate of Ag deposition onto the bump depends on various processing parameters like current density, agitation and temperature. Among these parameters, the Ag content in the bump was found to be most sesitive to current plating density. At various Ag content, the morphology of the deposited solder was found to be different. This is due to the different types of drain growth at different Ag content. A high content bump was found with a needle-like Ag3Sn structure. This strcuture is believed to be the cause for the reduction in shear strength.


TA-21, MDA-B (NES) is the 'contaminated dump,' landfill with radionuclides and chemicals from process waste disposed in 1940s. This paper focuses on chemical hazard categorization and hazard evaluation of chemicals of concern (e.g., peroxide, beryllium). About 170 chemicals were disposed in the landfill. Chemicals included products, unused and residual chemicals, spent, waste chemicals, non-flammable oils, mineral oil, etc. MDA-B was considered a High hazard site. However, based on historical records and best engineering judgment, the chemical contents are probably at best 5% of the chemical inventory. Many chemicals probably have oxidized, degraded or evaporated for volatile elements due to some fire and limited shelf-life over 60 yrs, which made it possible to downgrade from High to Low chemical hazard site. Knowing the site history and physical and chemical properties are very important in characterizing a NES site. Public site boundary is only 20 m, which is a major concern. Chemicals of concern during remediation are peroxide that can cause potential explosion and beryllium exposure due to chronic beryllium disease (CBD). These can be prevented or mitigated using engineering control (EC) and safety management program (SMP) to protect the involved workers and public.


We apply the methods of persistent homology to a selection of two and three--dimensional geometries evolved by simplicial Ricci flow. To implement persistent homology, we construct a triangular mesh for a sample of points. The scalar curvature along the edges of the triangulation, computed as an average of scalar curvatures at the endpoints of the edges, serves as a filtration parameter at each time step. We present and analyze the results of the application of persistent homology to a two--dimensional rotational solid that collapses and three--dimensional dumbbells that manifest neckpinch singularities. We compare the appearance of critical geometric phenomena in these models with the results of the application of persistent homology and conclude that persistent homology does indicate geometric criticality. Finally, we discuss the interpretation and implication of these results and present future applications.


A method of measurement of total fission cross sections and experimental set-up are described. Experiments are carried out at 1 GeV synchrocyclotron of PNPI with an updated beam system which allows one to obtain proton beams of various energies from 200 to 1000 MeV with intensity about 106 protons/s. The proposed measurement method is based on the registration in coincidence of both fission fragments by two parallel plate avalanche counters. The counters together with the target to be investigated are placed directly on the proton beam which provides a large solid angle acceptance. The beam monitoring is performed by scintillation telescopes. The first results on total fission cross sections of 238U and 209Bi at some proton energies in the range from 200 MeV to 1000 MeV are presented.


The cause of high impurity content in by product hydrochloric acid during the production of S based compound fertilizer is analyzed, and its technical improvement are described. By replacing running water with the desalted water, the hydrochloric acid concentration and the contents of impurities SO\-4~(2 ) Fe accord with the standard of highclass products, the shutdown period for cleaning the block and scale is shortened, the maintenance cost decreased, and annual profit of 1.08 million RMB Yuan obtained.


Urban land is a social-economic-natural complex ecosystem,with physical,ecological,social and economic attributes.It is the carrier of human socio-economic activities,and the basis to provide the ecological services.Urban land for ecosystem services is the minimum space to guarantee the basic ecosystem services,which play an important role to protect the socio-economic sustainable development of the city and the quality of residents′ life.It is not only related with the geographical location,types of natural resources,climate,soil,geology and other natural conditions of the city,but also depended on the urban development level,development orientation and the life quality demands of urban citizens.The construction of urban land for ecosystem services is the basis for urban sustainable development and the natural and artificial ecological unit of the city.Based on the idea of ecological green equivalent,this paper explored the ecological standard to judge if the urban ecological land was reasonable,and established a mathematic model of ecological optimization of land use structure. The land use structure was applied and verified with Ningguo city in Anhui Province as a case.The nature landscape structure of Ningguo is composed of a number of mountains and waters.Based on ecological green equivalent,this article evaluated the current status of natural ecosystems′ structure in different space scale.The results showed that green equivalent of region,urban-rural fringe and downtown in Ningguo city were 1.51,1.19 and 0.66,respectively;green plot ratio were 4.89,4.22 and 2.77,respectively,respectively and ecological land per capita were 4898.9,563.3 and 41.7 hm2 per capita,respectively.Lacking of green space in the downtown stressed the ecosystem services of urban land.Therefore,urban land for ecosystem services will be planned from different space scales,including the construction of buffer zone in the city and regional area,eco-city construction of main urban areas,the ecological restoration and multifunctional design of the urban green spaces.The suitable human settlement for habitat and fitting socio-economic environment for employment will be created. In order to maintain good urban landscape structure and improved ecosystem services,the natural ecological framework should consist of the key functional areas of water,mountains,urban forests,large-scale urban green space,green wedges,large ecological buffer zones and small ecological corridors.The space network of urban land for ecosystem services of diverse structure and multi-function can be established,including point,line and surface green structure.Through the ecosystem services evaluation,sensitive analysis of the spatial structure,also combining with socio-economic development status,the future urban land use of Ningguo can be divided into two types: ecosystem services area and urban-rural development area.Considering the demand for ecosystem services,the proportion of urban land for ecosystem services should be increased and the Green Line and Blue Line should be strictly controlled as well.This study will provide a scientific method and decision-making basis for strengthening of the ecosystem services of urban areas.


Half a century ago, there appeared Phillipe Aries's Centuries of Childhood. Based on a study of the iconography of royal and aristocratic childhood in seventeenth-century France, this soon became a foundation classic in the historiography of childhood even though the author himself said little else on the topic he had helped to create, turning instead to a major study of Western attitudes towards death. Aries argued that the period he was studying marked a new child-centred consciousness indicating that previously the "idea of childhood did not exist", but he also went on to say "this is not to suggest that children were neglected, forsaken or despised", only that the modern idea of childhood corresponds with seeing children as a separate stage in the life cycle.1 As such Aries was arguing childhood was a social construct rather than a biological given. The significance of this new paradigm remained despite criticism of Aries' methods and the views of other historians of the medieval and early modern periods who saw more continuity than discontinuity in adult–child relations.2 In the wake of the Aries influence a generation of historians of modern Europe and the Americas soon came to see that childhood was divided by class, gender, and race. Many new lenses were applied to the past, particularly as the new cultural history replaced the even earlier emphasis on the social history of children. The focus on the childhood of elites found in Aries' work has long been supplanted by the discourses associated with understanding children on the margins of society. Thus a recent ISCHE conference had as its central theme "Children and Youth At Risk".3 An


DC Comics' Vertigo title 100 Bullets provides a narrative concerning flaws inherent in contemporary crime control. Justice is the preserve of the wealthy, traditional notions of law and order are shown to be inadequate to deal with crimes of the powerful, and corruption is endemic to criminal justice systems. Retribution and restoration are central concepts in its visualization of broken criminal justice, in perpetual conflict between the needs of victims
and the desires of the powerful.

This chapter conceptualises a notion of extreme restorative justice, using the term to reflect the conflict between revenge and restoration as 100 Bullets' core justice narrative.
Braithwaite argues for 'reintegrative shaming', disapproval of the crime act within a continuum of respect for the offender, as a means of preventing crime through forgiveness. The term extreme restorative justice is demarcated from traditional restorative justice by 100Bullets' focus on victim-offender discourse on the impact of crime and victims' sense of
closure. Braithwaite identifies restorative conferences as a means through which offender
and victim discuss the consequences of a crime and draw out the feelings of those who have
been harmed.4 But in accordance with Foucault's conception that power exists only when it is
put into action, one aspect of restorative justice is to give power back to the victim.5 This
approach is central to 100 Bullets' exploration of victims' closure and addressing the harmful impact of crime through victim-offender interaction. Accordingly it represents a form of
restorative justice, albeit an extreme representation akin to vigilantism, consistent with 100 Bullets' normative violent world. While retribution is sometimes the means through which
victims restore their harm, this is not always the case and this chapter identifies that victim/offender discussion and mediation significantly influence the outcome and decisions made by
victims concerning restoration versus retribution.


Strong near-surface lateral variations, the lack of a smooth shallow refraction marker, and poor signal-to-noise ratio, can, either alone or in combination, induce residual static problems that affect the seismic result in different ways. These depend on the amplitude and wavelength characteristics of the residual anomalies. In addition, as this article will describe, different types of waves—i.e., compressional or noncompressional—require different statics corrections.


We compute the waves propagating on the compact surface of constant negative curvature and genus 2. We adopt a variational approach using finite elements. We have to implement the action of the fuchsian group by suitable boundary conditions of periodic type. A spectral analysis of the wave allows to compute the first eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. We test the exponential decay due to a localized dumping and the ergodicity of the geodesic flow.


Critical race theorists (CRT) have cogently argued the need for anti-racist struggles in the post-civil rights era to address the fact that integration has hardly resolved the continued marginalization and discrimination of African Americans in housing, employment, and many other dimensions and to reflect on how law facilitates racial subordination in the post-civil rights era. However, this Essay suggests that these arguments can be better understood and enriched by a deep appreciation of the breathtaking legacy of Hubert Henry Harrison (1883-1927) and a close reading of his works. As a working class activist and intellectual in both the Socialist Party and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), Harrison was later a major influence in Marcus Garvey's nationalist movement and the New Negro Movement, editor of The Voice and The Negro World, and the founder of the Liberty League. Largely lost to history, Harrison's astonishing body of work on racism and the political issues of his time force us to rethink a period of African American history that typically has been regarded as a low point in the struggle against racism and white supremacy. Yet in fact, Harrison found answers to the questions that would haunt advocates of racial equality for years to come.


The Deputy Commissioner for Patent Resources and Planning provides representation and direction on strategic outreach and planning for the Commissioner for Patents and