As discussed in Part I, the Cornell Medical Index is impertinent for a patient with actual neurosis who has the spirit of self-respect and is ashamed of exposing himself, bodily or mental, to others. However, in dealing with neuroses, what we physicians must search for is that obstacle which interferes with normal emotional discharge and not the products of reactions of the organism to this obstacle. For this reason, new questionnaires which have no column for the name of patients and consist of concrete questions asking the environment in which they live were specially designed for actual neurosis.


We apply diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) for characterization of the bruise evolution process. While DRS provides information in a wide range of visible wavelengths, the PPTR enables extraction of detailed depth distribution and concentration profiles of selected absorbers (e.g. melanin, hemoglobin). In this study, we simulate experimental DRS spectra and PPTR signals using the Monte Carlo technique and focus on characterization of a suitable fitting approach for their analysis. We find inverse Monte Carlo to be superior to the diffusion approximation approach for the inverse analysis of DRS spectra. The analysis is then augmented with information obtainable by the fitting of the PPTR signal. We show that both techniques can be coupled in a combined fitting approach. The combining of two complementary techniques improves the robustness and accuracy of the inverse analysis, enabling a comprehensive quantitative characterization of the bruise evolution dynamics.


From expatiating on the actuality and requests of tea mechanization as well as development experiences in China, this paper discussed its development foreground in 21 century.


The septal pore apparatus was studied in Poria latemarginata, Polyporus tomentosus, and Rhizoctonia solani. Fixation by potassium permanganate was compared with fixation by glutaraldehyde – osmium tetroxide. Potassium permanganate reduced the size of the septal swelling about 50% and destroyed much of the internal integrity of the septal swelling. In glutaraldehyde – osmium tetroxide fixed material, a fibrillar network extended from the cross wall throughout the septal swelling. Except for this network, the septal swelling was electron transparent and similar in appearance to a vacuole. A rim of electronopaque material, attached to the septal swelling, surrounded the pore mouth in Polyporus tomentosus and Rhizoctonia solani.


Volatile economic environment in Russia is reported in the article. The author gives forecasts and possible solutions surmounting the crisis.


Two consecutive oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on twelve healthy, malemedical students, in which each subject received 20 and 40 gm. of glucose per square meter body surface area. The tests were conducted one week apart, and the sequence in which the two glucose loads was given was randomized. The larger glucose load elicited anincrease in both plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin response. However, the increase in the plasma insulin response was much greater than the increase in plasma glucoseresponse. Thus, the insulinogenic index, denned as the plasma insulin level divided bythe plasma glucose level, significantly increased as the glucose load increased. These results indicate that glucose load is an important determinant of plasma insulin response, and that in any individual the plasma insulin response is not a simple linear function of coexisting plasma glucose concentration.


Based on comparative analyses of slope stability of embankment on composite subgrade by using limit equilibrium method and finite element method,it is revealed that the calculated safety factors by LEM and FEM can be significantly different when the reinforcements in composite subgrade have dominating influence. Embankment stability can be well predicted by strength-reduction method by using plaxis software. It is further investigated that for embankment on composite subgrade the potential failure patterns of reinforcement columns such as bending,rotation and extension,other than direct shearing through reinforcements,made the difference in calculated safety factors by LEM and FEM. Therefore,for embankment stability analysis with interaction between soil and reinforcement in composite subgrade,LEM may overestimate slope stability and its applicability should be checked with caution.


Based on the mechanistic model of the two-phase swirling annular flow behavior, a calculation method for the effective distance of vortex tool is obtained by taking Kelvin–Helmholtz instability into account. The rationality of the proposed method is validated by comparing the predicted liquid film thickness and pressure under non-swirling flow with the commonly used correlations. Then, the influences of gas–liquid ratio, helix angle, and hub diameter of vortex tool on the liquid film thickness, pressure drop, and effective distance have been analyzed. Results show that the presence of the vortex tool causes the decrease in the liquid film thickness and increase in the pressure drop. The liquid film thickness increases gradually as the helix angle and the hub diameter increase, and the larger helix angle results in smaller pressure drop. The effective distance increases with an increase in the gas–liquid ratio and decreases with an increase in helix angle and hub diameter. A sudden decrease occurs when the helix angle exceeds 60°. The gas–liquid ratio and helix angle are more dominant factors than the hub diameter on the liquid film thickness, pressure drop, and effective distance.


ABSTRACT Introduction Patients who undergo total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) may experience substantial postoperative pain, which may negatively impact patient satisfaction, lead to greater narcotic consumption, and impair early rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of analgesia methods on postoperative (1) pain, (2) opioid use, (3) length of stay (LOS), and (4) adverse events in patients undergoing TSA, reverse TSA, and hemiarthroplasty. Methods A systematic review was performed by querying PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for studies on analgesic interventions following shoulder arthroplasty. Data pertaining to pain scores, narcotic requirements, LOS, and complications were extracted. Results Eight studies (67%) included continuous interscalene block (CISB) with an indwelling catheter, six studies (50%) included a single-injection interscalene block (ISB), five studies (42%) included local infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine, four studies (33%) included local infiltration with anesthetics other than liposomal bupivacaine, one study (8%) included brachial plexus blocks other than ISB. ISB provided better pain relief than local infiltration in the immediate postoperative period (0-8 hours) as seen in 5/7 (71.4%) studies, but pain levels became similar subsequently. CISB may be superior to single-injection ISB for pain control at the 24-hour time point. The lowest narcotic requirement was seen in the CISB groups postoperatively but was variable. No pain management modalities significantly impacted LOS. A greater number of adverse events were seen with CISB. Discussion Single-injection ISB and CISB appear to offer greater pain relief in the immediate postoperative period compared to local infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine or other anesthetics. CISB provided sustained pain relief at 24 hours compared to other modalities. Analgesic benefit of CISB should be considered in the context of greater cost and potential for more frequent adverse events. Level of Evidence: Level I; Systematic Review


The internationalisation-performance relationship has been widely studied, however most previous researches focused on companies from developed countries. To contribute to this theory, this study examined the moderating effects of organisational slack and R%D intensity in multinational companies from the BRICS countries. Findings indicated that there was a U-shaped relationship between the degree of internationalisation and the performance of these multinationals. Two conclusions of this study are that: 1) the benefits of internationalisation are not obtained overnight but require patience to be achieved; 2) managers must view organisational slack as a strategic tool for action in the international context.


Objective
To investigate the application value of cerebrospinal fluid circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Twenty-five patients with leptomeningeal metastases of NCSLC from Fudan University Huashan Hospital North during the period from September 2017 to November 2018 were enrolled. All 25 patients were confirmed leptomeningeal metastases by cerebrospinal fluid cytology and immunocytochemical staining of cytokeratin(CK7), carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1) and Ki67. The cerebrospinal fluid cfDNA was extracted and genetic variation of 12 genes including epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), TP53 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) was detected by next-generation sequencing [PlasAim TM gene non-invasive detection of lung cancer (12 gene) kit, Singlera Genomics].The application value of cerebrospinal fluid cfDNA in the diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases of NSCLC was analyzed with the cfDNA mutation data and the clinical follow-ups.

Results
Morphologically typical lung cancer tumor cells with tumor immunochemistry markerCK, CK7 and CEA were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of all 25 patients. Next generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid showed that 96% (24/25) patients had at least one single nucleotide variation (SNV) or copy number variation (CNV). The EGFR and TP53 mutations were identified in 80% (20/25) and 48%(12/25) of the patients, respectively. In addition, patients with bone metastases had a higher rate of EGFR mutations than those without bone metastases (100% vs 64%, P<0.05). Changes in the mutant allele frequency of EGFR and TP53 in cerebrospinal fluid were consistent with patients′ disease progression parameters including neurological symptoms, imaging, and tumor biomarkers. The results indicate that genetic alteration of EGFR in cerebrospinal fluid cfDNA is an actionable biomarker for targeted therapy of leptomeningeal metastases of lung cancer.

Conclusion
Cerebrospinal fluid cfDNA accurately reveals the unique genetic background of leptomeningeal metastasis in NSCLC, showing great application value in the diagnosis and treatment of the leptomeningeal metastasis of NSCLC.

Key words:
Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Neoplasm metastasis; Meningeal neoplasms; Cell-free nucleic acids; Cerebrospinal fluid; High-throughput nucleotide sequencing


The research starts from the idea that traditional Japanese architecture has played an important role in the development of modern architecture in Europe, especially in the case of domestic architecture. The objective is to summarize this fact, widely studied in the United States due to the work of Frank Lloyd Wright. However, this fact has only been partially analysed about Europe, especially during the second half of the 20th century and in relation to the Nordic countries. How did Nordic architects find inspiration in the East? What drew them to your tectonic culture? How did they apply the Japanese aesthetic to their own designs? While sometimes only formal elements were used, without much more depth, in other cases, the principles of Orientalism, Sukiya architecture or the Villa Katsura as a reference, enriched domestic architecture designs. Such is the case of Jorn Utzon, Halldor Gunnlogsson, Arne Korsmo or Sverre Fehn, among others; who were the leaders of a current of modern Eastern syncretism, which owes its origins to the vision of the Central European pioneers who visited Japan, to the influence of Erik Gunnar Asplund and, above all, to the legacy of Tetsuro Yoshida.


mcasured in the whole amount of urine, thus obviating these sources of error. I n view of the major anatomical variations in the neck and the insignificant amount of activity given, we at Norrtull Hospital have not done any counting over the neck in order to evaluate pathologic deviations, Our evaluations have been on the basis of the urine samples. With the existing facilities the collection of urine involves no major difficulties. One must be certain, of course, that no disturbance of the renal function is present this by urinanalysis (Heller's test and sediment) and concentration tests. Dr. Hagelsteen found no significant differences between normal cases and hypothyroidism cases on testing combined urine samples taken during 48 hours. Nor, as Skanse has shown, can any such difference be expected. I t is the second day's excretion of 1131 that is increased in hypothyroidism cases compared with normals.


Comparative FTIR techniques: transmission spectroscopy in KBr and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT) in KBr have been applied to unwritten and inked historical papers. Advantages and drawbacks of each technique have been discussed, regarded to the spectra interpretation. In all cases the cellulose remains the major component of the samples, even in inked and damaged papers and only small discrepancies are observed between written and unwritten papers. An important parameter was the reproducibility of the measurements and the small influences have been pointed out.


Methods, systems and computer-readable media enable vari ous techniques related to semantic navigation. One aspect is a technique for displaying semantically derived facets in the search engine interface. Each of the facets comprises faceted search results. Each of the faceted search results is displayed in association with user interface elements for including or excluding the faceted search result as additional search terms to Subsequently refine the search query. Another aspect auto matically infers new metadata from the content and from existing metadata and then automatically annotates the con tent with the new metadata to improve recall and navigation. Another aspect identifies semantic annotations by determin ing semantic connections between the semantic annotations and then dynamically generating a topic page based on the semantic connections.


In this paper, the plastic settlement of mortar is analyzed on the basis of small strain consolidation theory and the approach is compared with experimental data. The amount of settlement caused by the self-weight of bulk mortar was measured using a noncontact laser measurement device. In addition, tests were performed on systems containing different geometries of embedded reinforcement to measure the effect of specimen and inclusion geometry on settlement. The influence of mixture proportions and cover depth were analyzed. The experimental results were correlated with results from the numerical simulation of fresh mortars using consolidation analysis. The results suggest that consolidation theory can be used as a reasonable approach to analyze plastic settlement. Further, this model can be used to demonstrate the effects of differential settlement over reinforcing bars or changes in section height.


Online services are often protected with captchas that typically must be solved by typing on a keyboard. Now that smartphones and tablets are increasingly being used to browse the web, new captchas best suited to touch-capable devices should be devised, because entering text on soft keyboards is usually uncomfortable and error-prone. This article contributes to solving this issue with μcaptcha, a novel captcha scheme to tell humans and computers apart by means of math handwriting input. Instead of entering text with a keyboard, the user retypes a mathematical expression on a touch screen using, for example, the finger, a stylus, or an e-pen. Further, as a by-product of solving μcaptcha challenges, a valuable labeled data set of online handwritten math expressions is collected. Studies reveal that μcaptcha is accurate, fast, and easy to perform and that users find it to be both useful and enjoyable. Ultimately, this work informs an understanding of designing better web security measures.


The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: rocket engine transient simulation (ROCETS) system; ROCETS performance simulations composed of integrated component models; ROCETS system architecture significant features; ROCETS engineering nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) modules; ROCETS system easily adapts Fortran engineering modules; ROCETS NTR reactor module; ROCETS NTR turbomachinery module; detailed reactor analysis; predicted reactor power profiles; turbine bypass impact on system; and ROCETS NTR engine simulation summary.


Using technology to improve the life-style of people with special needs has become a hot research topic in today's world. The making of a smart device that can solve the communication issues faced by people with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and disability is presented in this paper. Fueled by the intent of bridging the communication gap between these people and the rest of the world, we have built a small portable radio frequency(RF) communication device using basic electronic equipments that will allow them to stay in close contact with their family members; even if, they are miles apart from each other. A mere push of a button will notify everyone in the family of the current state of mind of the ASD and disabled people. Each button is loaded with a unique message in audio format, ready to be launched off to loudspeakers that will play them as loud as possible. With this project we are aiming to get rid of the communication problems faced by disabled people and thus help them realize that technology can make their lives shine brighter than it has ever before. Our prototype can be used at homes as well as in hospitals, where patients other than disabled people can also find it useful to their needs. Before getting started we did some intensive research on autism on the internet as well as made a trip to a place that schools autistic people. There we learned a great deal about the various methods used so far to educate and nurture them. One of the methods required the teachers to pronounce words slowly and repeat five times, then the students would be instructed to repeat after them, another involves the good old method that utilizes the power of visualization; in other words, seeing and learning.


This paper examines the remarkable learning-by-doing in the windmill industry since it emerged in the beginning of the 1980's. Green subsidies for producing electricity by wind power has been a precondition for the rapid growth in the production of windmills. Based on time series of prices of windmills a dynamic cost function for producing windmills is tested. The cost disadvantage of producing electricity by windmills relative to traditional power stations has narrowed considerably because of a strong learning-by-doing effect. The deliberate policy to subsidize production of electricity by windpower has placed Denmark in a first-mover position in this market and the future has to show whether this is a successful story of an infant industrial policy.


The aim of this paper is to give an account of the most important results regarding near polygons. A brief survey can be found in Chapter 10 of the Handbook of Incidence Geometry ([24]), but since the publication several new results concerning these incidence structures were obtained. The author of this survey recently completed a Ph.D. on the subject ([15]).


Complex IoT ecosystems often require the usage of Digital Twins (DTs) of their physical assets in order to perform predictive analytics and simulate what-if scenarios. DTs are able to replicate IoT devices and adapt over time to their behavioral changes. However, DTs in IoT are typically tailored to a specific use case, without the possibility to seamlessly adapt to different scenarios. Further, the fragmentation of IoT poses additional challenges on how to deploy DTs in heterogeneous scenarios characterized by the usage of multiple data formats and IoT network protocols. In this paper, we propose the Relativistic Digital Twin (RDT) framework, through which we automatically generate general-purpose DTs of IoT entities and tune their behavioral models over time by constantly observing their real counterparts. The framework relies on the object representation via the Web of Things (WoT), to offer a standardized interface to each of the IoT devices as well as to their DTs. To this purpose, we extended the W3C WoT standard in order to encompass the concept of behavioral model and define it in the Thing Description (TD) through a new vocabulary. Finally, we evaluated the RDT framework over two disjoint use cases to assess its correctness and learning performance, i.e., the DT of a simulated smart home scenario with the capability of forecasting the indoor temperature, and the DT of a real-world drone with the capability of forecasting its trajectory in an outdoor scenario.


High performance carbon fibre reinforced plastics were modified by nanoscaled boehmite particles and carbon nanotubes for enhanced mechanical performance. The performed tests show different results for the two types of additives. While boehmite particles especially increase strength and stiffness, CNTs are more effective in minimizing crack propagation. The difference can be attributed to distinct reinforcing mechanisms. The cubical shaped boehmite particles mainly show crack deflection and debonding, while the CNTs are more effective in bridging the gap. In addition to the mechanical performance, the viscosities of the two liquid nanocomposites differ significantly. Results of decreasing the viscosity by shortening the CNTs are also presented in the paper.
Finally carbon fibre reinforced plastics filled with boehmite and CNTs are tested mechanically.


The sexual aspect is taboo and rarely reviewed by health workers, especially regarding sexual needs during pregnancy. Many people believe that sexual intercourse during pregnancy can cause miscarriage and uterine infections. As a result they do not have sexual relations during pregnancy. Sexual intercourse is safe if the pregnancy is in a normal and healthy condition. The research method used is descriptive exploratory method using purposive sampling of 80 pregnant women. The results of the study are made a frequency table then conclusions are drawn. The results of the study concluded that the majority of pregnant women with less knowledge of 50 people (62.5%) had an understanding of the knowledge of sexual needs during pregnancy so they did not have sexual relations during pregnancy. So expect communication, openness, support and understanding between husband and wife as well as communication with health workers to obtain information about ways and positions of sexual relations during pregnancy so that the psychological needs of husband and wife are met.

Keywords: Knowledge, Sexual Needs, Pregnancy Period


This paper describes an automated method of comparing a voice sample of an unknown individual with samples from known speakers in order to establish or verify the individual's identity. The method is based on a statistical pattern matching approach that employs a simple training procedure, requires no human intervention (transcription, work or phonetic marketing, etc.), and makes no assumptions regarding the expected form of the statistical distributions of the observations. The content of the speech material (vocabulary, grammar, etc.) is not assumed to be constrained in any way. An algorithm is described which incorporates frame pruning and channel equalization processes designed to achieve robust performance with reasonable computational resources. An experimental implementation demonstrating the feasibility of the concept is described.


98 disabled bicycle athletes who took part in 2005 national bicycle competition for the disabled were tested with the Self-esteem Scale(SES) and Trait-anxiety Inventory(TAI).And the data is analyzed by T-test,multivariate ANOVA,One-way ANOVA,multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation analysis.Finally,the possible reasons are discussed and analyzed from the two different angles of mass health-building and sports respectively.The result showed: The total level of self-esteem was higher,especially those players whose training time is short.The total level of trait-anxiety had no difference with normal people.Training time had a significant positive correlation with trait-anxiety.Gender and disabled category did not show great influence on self-esteem and trait-anxiety.The main effect of the two factors was not obvious,either was the interaction.Age and training time had little correlation with self-esteem,neither has the correlation between age and trait-anxiety.Self-esteem and trait-anxiety had the significant negative correlation with each other.


Otogenic brain abscess is a common intracranial complication from chronic supurative otitis media.Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is a rare cause of brain abscess. Prompt diagnosis and decision making issignificant in order to decrease the mortality rate from this type of abscess. We described A 13-year-old boypresented with decreased consciousness, positive meningeal signs, and pathological reflexes. There was ahistory of chronic suppurative otitis media. A head CT scan revealed multiple left cerebellar abscesses andbrain edema. The abscess wall culture revealed P. pseudoalcaligenes. After being managed with surgicalabscess drainage, mastoidectomy, ear flushing, and antimicrobial therapy for six weeks, his consciousnesslevel improved. Cerebellar neurological impairment was still observed. Physical and neurologicalrehabilitation was performed in order to improve the patient's condition.


"The Pyramid" of L. M. Leonov is novel of the warning, which Christian philosophical reflections heroes who deny human unbelief, their eschatological outlook on life at the threshold of the new millennium exacerbate the tragedy of human existence on earth without God. The book contains many cultural associations and historical analogies, fantastic and mystical paintings; it artificially complicated compositional and narrative structure violated chronology and cause-and-effect relationships. The author makes extensive use of mythological motifs and images, drawing on biblical studies, apocrypha, eschatological traditions, and other genres renounced literature. Poeticized myths were novel means of describing and explain-plaining the world, contributing to the artistic reinterpretation of archetypal motifs of the Creator and angels, Satan, and the fatal quarrel started, the prodigal son and the golden age of civilization, of the miracle and ways of climbing to the stars, and others. The "Pyramid" tells us about religion and the 1917 revolution, freedom and authority, and the destruction of morality and loss of God. In the "Pyramid" has consistently developed artistic and philosophical background of the L. Leonov, who appeared in the author's reflections on the theory of unity, Eurasianism and Westernism, Christianity and Orthodoxy. On the specifics of the genre "Pyramid" said wide retreat of the author (socio-political, moral, ethical, philosophical, and religious and moral), the presence in the novel of real and unreal plans, the use of methods of artistic fiction, excursions into other worlds, the absurdity of a number of conflicts and the characters' actions. All of it makes the book a work of phantasmagoric. The author of "Pyramids" with great deal of attention to the Apocrypha, which spelled out the truths of the Bible by the Church and the lives of saints, so many allusions in the book of the Old and New Testament, hidden quotations, allusions, references to ancient texts. Religious-Philosophical and biblical books are inseparable from the journalistic reflection of the L. Leonov about time and history, people and the Russian state.


Abstract A symbolic calculus for reasoning about process plans is proposed in this paper. The main focus of attention is the selection and sequencing of material removal operations for components in accordance with the design geometry. This is a central issue in automated process planning. The proposed symbolic calculus defines a computational formalism for symbolic manipulation of feature volumes, so that reasoning about volumetric removals can be treated in a logical manner by using well-defined procedures of algorithmic synthesis. This potentially encourages a more generic approach to the automation of outline and detailed process planning. The underlying philosophy is that a properly interpreted object topology upon the feature model allows the logical synthesis of volumetric removal sequences. The number of sequences is constrained by algorithms within the planning system that consider part geometry as expressed by features. This reduces the problem space associated with plan synthesis. Some of the geometrically viable sequences have the potential for further development to form viable machining removal sequences, or outline process plans.


The simulation of computer numerically control (CNC) machining process is an important component of CAM, it can check errors and enhance the automation of machining process. In order to realize the material removal simulation of machining process through VC++ and OpenGL, this paper does the research on the Boolean operations based on the Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) modeling technique. Firstly, this paper introduces the CSG technique, especially the creating complex object from simple primitives by the operations of Boolean algebra and the frame buffer. Then this paper achieves the solid modeling of cutter and stock through VC++ and OpenGL, and does the research on the theory of cutter's swept volume generation. In terms of the theory, a cutter's swept volume is created. Finally, the Boolean difference operation of a stock and the cutter's swept volume is realized, and the code is also given.


Numerous studies have examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's mental health and menstrual cycles. However, most of these studies only included outpatients with COVID-19, whereas information on hospitalised women is minimal. ACE 2 is essential for the SAR-CoV2 virus to enter human cells and the human ovary. Since it stimulates steroid secretion, aids in follicle development and oocyte growth, influences ovulation, and maintains the corpus luteum, it stimulates steroid secretion and aids in follicle development and oocyte growth. Hospitalised female COVID-19 patients exhibit menstrual changes and heightened symptoms of mental health disorders. Length of isolation was the most influential factor in overall menstrual changes and mental health in female COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Infection with COVID-19 may affect the menstrual cycle in females. Further prospective research is required to confirm these findings and determine the duration of these menstrual irregularities.


BACKGROUND: In recent years, marine resources have been tested to find potential compounds for the development of chemotherapeutic agent (Agatonovic-Kustrin et al., 2013). Of the marine resources already tested, seaweeds are known as rich in compounds such as polyssacharides, carotenoid, terpenoids, fatty acids as well as minerals and vitamins (Pérez et al., 2016), and researches suggest seaweeds as a promising resources to provide novel biochemically active substances (Taskin et al., 2007). Despite the broad application of seaweed in medicine, in Asia, Europe, America and Africa (Osman et al., 2013; Shanmugam et al., 2013; Tanniou et al., 2014), this resource in under exploited by the Mozambican communities. There are nearly 300 species of seaweeds that have been registered in Mozambique (Bandeira, 1998). However, to the best of our knowledge there is no scientific information in Mozambique reporting the chemical characterization and application of seaweeds. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the level of polysaccharides, fatty acids and minerals of seaweeds that occur in Inhaca Island. This finding would be important for further application of this resources in the diet of human and other organism. The need to incorporate functional natural products in foods for animals and human, is a challenge to overcome (Pereira, 2015).


This paper investigates novel IGCC plants that employ hydrogen separation membranes in order to capture carbon dioxide for long-term storage. The thermodynamic performance of these membrane-based plants are compared with similar IGCCs that capture CO{sub 2} using conventional (i.e., solvent absorption) technology. The basic plant configuration employs an entrained-flow, oxygen-blown coal gasifier with quench cooling, followed by an adiabatic water gas shaft (WGS) reactor that converts most of CO contained in the syngas into CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}. The syngas then enters a WGS membrane reactor where the syngas undergoes further shifting; simultaneously, H{sub 2} in the syngas permeates through the hydrogen-selective, dense metal membrane into a counter-current nitrogen 'sweep' flow. The permeated H{sub 2}, diluted by N{sub 2}, constitutes a decarbonized fuel for the combined cycle power plant whose exhaust is CO{sub 2} free. Exiting the membrane reactor is a hot, high pressure 'raffinate' stream composed primarily of CO{sub 2} and steam, but also containing 'fuel species' such as H{sub 2}S, unconverted CO, and unpermeated H{sub 2}. Two different schemes (oxygen catalytic combustion and cryogenic separation) have been investigated to both exploit the heating value of the fuel species and produce a CO{sub 2}-rich stream for long termmore » storage. Our calculations indicate that, when 85 vol % of the H{sub 2}+CO in the original syngas is extracted as H{sub 2} by the membrane reactor, the membrane-based IGCC systems are more efficient by about to 1.7 percentage points than the reference IGCC with CO{sub 2} capture based on commercially ready technology.« less


To address closely the function parameters of tissue engineered bladders with bladder acellular matrix graft(BAMG), we designed an animal model that required a subtotal cystectomy by replacement of a tissue engineered organ.The acellular organ specific matrix was obtained from the chinchilla rabbit's bladder. The smooth muscle and urothelial cell populations, dissociated from 1 cm 2 bladder biopsies, were routinely expanded and passaged separately. The average time elapsed between the initial bladder biopsy and final implantation of the tissue engineered neo bladders was (28 ± 3)days. The luminal surface of the premolded bladder shaped accellular organ specific matrix was seeded with the resuspended urotherial cells population. The cell populations had been separately expanded from a previously harvested autologous bladder biopsy. The cell seeded materials were inculbated in serum free keratinocyte growth medium. The medium was changed at 12 h intervals. After 48 h incubation, the smooth muscle cells were processed in a similar fashion and were seeded onto the exterior surface. A total of 20 rabbits underwent a trigone sparing cystectomy. Preoperative and postoperative urodynamics and radiography studies were performed serially. Animals were euthanized at 8 weeks. Gross and histologic analyses were also performed. All twenty rabbits survived until were euthanized. The cystectomy only controls, BMAG bladder and tissue engineered bladder maintained average capacities of 23%, 97% and 96% of preoperative volume respectively. The subtotal cystectomy reservoirs that had not been reconstructed and the tissue engineered bladders showed a marked difference in bladder compliance (11%, 106%, and 108%,respectively). Histologically, the retrieved tissue engineered bladders showed a normal cellular organization consisting of a trilayer of urothelium, submucosa, and muscle.Our study demonstrates that the acellular organ specific matrix can be successfully used in chinchilla rabbit's bladder augmentations and replacement.


Within a Hilbert space we consider nonsmooth convex programs with sharp constraints. Examples include all problem instances that are bounded and strictly feasible. To solve such programs we pursue an absolutely continuous trajectory generated by a differential inclusion of subgradient type. Whenever this inclusion offers some freedom of choice, we select a steepest descent direction. It is shown that the proposed algorithm converges to an optimal solution in finite time.


Naturally occurring DNA copy number variations(CNVs) are a common form of genomic structural variations.It has long been appreciated that CNVs were ubiquitous in the human populations;and a variety of technologies have been developed to detect and quantify their existences.In parallel with the technological advancement,CNV maps for human populations have been con-structed and refined,and many CNV-disease associations were reported.The CNV-based genetic association study has become an important research area of medical genetics.We will summarize the genetic features of CNVs relevant to association studies,analyze progresses and issues in the CNV-disease association studies,and discuss strategies for experimental design and data analysis.


The cost of transportation has been impacted by recent increases in fuel prices. There is evidence that the cost of fuel is now of greater concern to the public than the perennial angst over traffic congestion. Because the majority of the oil consumed in the United States comes from foreign oil and the transportation sector is highly dependent on petroleum fuels, the economic returns from transportation investments have been diminished. In addition, the extensive use of imported fuels violates a basic principle of sustainability, that is, self-sufficiency. This paper merges findings regarding the sustainability, economics and energy to investigate the interaction of these issues. The paper closes with considerations for improving transportation planning and decision making processes.


Malawi has one of the highest urbanisation rates in Africa, with an urban housing approach that favours large residential plot sizes. The impact of plot size on residential water use was evaluated by examining water use records, obtained for the period between January 2009 and December 2014, for formal residential properties in the city of Lilongwe. Water use increased with plot size in line with other reported research, but the dataset contained a considerable proportion of large plots, which were also associated with higher residential water use than presented in similar studies. The findings of this study point to the need for collaboration between water managers and urban planners to promote increased access of urban water supplies by appropriately managing future residential plot sizes.


Objective: 1) Describe a safe, efficient, and effective pathway for the development of transoral robotic surgical skills in otorhinolaryngology residency training, and 2) Report initial results of resident experience in the training modules. Method: A curriculum for training otorhinolaryngology residents in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was defined. The training included PGYII-V residents and progressed through modules, including Didactics, Skills, and Operative. In the skills module, performance measurements in the simulator were recorded. Surveys of PGY-V residents completing the curriculum assessed the program effectiveness. Results: Didactics teach the device setup, controls, and surgical approaches, via video and texts. Skills-training is primarily completed with a robotic surgery simulator. Introduction to the TORS approach is completed on cadaver models. The operative experience includes live case observation, bedside surgical assistant, and finally console surgeon. The surgical experience advances in a stepwise fashion, with the resident progressing after demonstrating proficiency with preceding steps. Proficiency in the robotic simulator with performance of simple tasks was demonstrated by all participants within a 2-hour initial session. Residents completing the modules expressed satisfaction with their comfort level in performing basic procedures via TORS. Conclusion: An efficient and effective curriculum for training residents in TORS was developed. This formal training is necessary and effective for residents to acquire the knowledge and skills to perform TORS safely. Further evaluation is warranted to improve the training curriculum and increase training experiences during otorhinolaryngology residency.


A 40 kVA three phase superconducting transformer has been developed and tested. From the test results, excellent voltage regulation of 0.3% with a pure resistive load was obtained. For application in a power system, parallel operation with a conventional power transformer using copper windings has been carried out. Although a superconducting transformer cannot continue to operate in case of quenching, the proposed parallel system can overcome the drawback and give an additional fault current limiting function.<<ETX>>


According to Jensen & Jacobsen (1962), in rat uterus oestradiol is bound by specific receptors, but is not oxidized to oestrone. The oxidation of oestradiol has since been reported in rabbit uterus (Jutting, 1970) and in rat uterus (Lehmann & Breuer, 1968). In this paper we demonstrate that in rat uterus the oxidation of oestradiol to oestrone is dependent on the oestrous cycle and that the oxidation rate changes in the presence of 5a-androst-3-en-17-one. The influence of this steroid on oestradiol oxidation was studied since it is a specific and effective acceptor of oestradiol hydrogen in different rat tissues (Wenzel & Miitzel, 1970). Materials and methods. [4-14C]Oestradiol (54.5mCi/mmol) was obtained from The Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, Bucks., U.K., [2,4,6,7-T]oestradiol (95 Ci/mmol) from NEN Chemicals G.m.b.H., Dreieichenhain, Germany, and 5a-androst-3-en-17-one from Schering A.-G., Berlin 65, Germany. The procedures for incubating the tissue slices and for extracting the radioactive steroids were the same as those described by Wenzel, Langold & Hallac (1969) and Wenzel & Mutzel (1970). The radioactivity on thin-layer chromatograms was measured either directly by the Berthold Dunnschicht Scanner (Stevenson, 1970) or, after scraping the parts of interest off the chromatogram, by liquid-scintillation counting with the Beckman LS 150 Counter. Results and discussion. The oestrous cycle of adult female rats was followed by vaginal-smear examination for 2-3 weeks. In different stages of the cycle slices of the uteri were incubated in vitro with labelled oestradiol. After extraction of the steroids and separation of them by t.l.c. the yield of oestrone was determined. As shown in Fig. 1 the oxidation of oestradiol to oestrone is oestrous-cycle-dependent both at an oestradiol concentration of 100 nm and at the 'physiological' concentration of 0.2nm. The maxi-


The Kansas Academy of Science was organized as the Kansas Natural History Society in 1868 and is the second oldest Academy of Science west of the Mississippi River. Beginning with Volume 1 in 1872, papers presented orally at the annual meeting were published in the Transactions. The minutes of the annual meeting, other academy business and membership lists also were included in each volume. In some cases (e.g. 1905 and 1906), a single volume number (10) was published in two parts (I and II). In others (e.g. 1909-1910), two volumes (13 and 14) were combined into a single book. As a result, even though the Transactions have been published for 133 years (1872-2005), there are only 108 volumes. The general practice of publishing an annual volume apparently continued until 1944 (see Volume 47(1), p. 7-8), when the format of the Transactions was changed from once a year to quarterly, and papers were accepted outside of the annual meeting. It is interesting to note that an abstract was not required or included in papers published in the Transactions until about 1971.


In this paper, we desire to update the traditional PID controller of vertical roller mill PID controller to have a better performance in temperature adjustment. The open extent of cold blast sliding valve is our controlled device, and we design a fractional order proportion integration differentiation (FOPID) controller with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to control it. This algorithm is an assistant tool to achieve online updating the parameters of the FOPID controller. For starters, the pseudo-partial derivative (PPD) parameters are estimated dynamically by the state observer. Secondly, three parameters of integer order PID controller,Kp,Ki and Kd, are determined by PPD parameter observer and gradient descent algorithm. Afterwards, PSO algorithm is used to adjust and correct μ, λ and online update them. Finally, the simulation results show that the controller has a good impact for the outlet temperature control, which is better than the traditional PID controller.


Through a study of the corrosion inhibition by polyarcylic acid and dodecylbenzyldimethyl ammonium bromide for pure iron in HCl solution, this paper presents the development of a new method not only for the rapid evaluation of the efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor, but also for the quantitatively determination of the type of corrosion inhibitor. The paper also defines the factor P capable of determining quantitatively the type of corrosion inhibitor. The results show that if P1, the inhibitor is of the anodic type, and if P 1, of the cathodic type.


We consider the development of hyperbolic transport models for the propagation in space of an epidemic phenomenon described by a classical compartmental dynamics. The model is based on a kinetic description at discrete velocities of the spatial movement and interactions of a population of susceptible, infected and recovered individuals. Thanks to this, the unphysical feature of instantaneous diffusive effects, which is typical of parabolic models, is removed. In particular, we formally show how such reaction-diffusion models are recovered in an appropriate diffusive limit. The kinetic transport model is therefore considered within a spatial network, characterizing different places such as villages, cities, countries, etc. The transmission conditions in the nodes are analyzed and defined. Finally, the model is solved numerically on the network through a finite-volume IMEX method able to maintain the consistency with the diffusive limit without restrictions due to the scaling parameters. Several numerical tests for simple epidemic network structures are reported and confirm the ability of the model to correctly describe the spread of an epidemic.


We review the recent progress on hollow-core photonic crystal fibers and its integrated form of photonic microcells in both their design and fabrication and in their applications in Raman fibre lasers.


In the title compound, C5H12NO2S+·C4H3O4−, the methionine molecule exists in the cationic form and the maleic acid molecule in the mono-ionized state. In the semi-maleate ion, there is an asymmetric intramolecular hydrogen bond between the carboxy OH group and an O atom of the other carboxylate group. There are no direct hydrogen-bonded interactions among the semi-maleate anions.


The development and commissioning of SF6 circuit breakers and gas insulated components involves testing electrically, dielectrically and mechanically to meet standard specifications as stipulated by existing standards (IEC, ANSI) and also any additional requirements of the consumer. The advent of SF6 circuit breakers with the closer coupling between arcing and mechanical drive has led to additional test requirements and the introduction of more sophisticated instrumentation.


Objective:To do serological analysis of twelve cases of hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN) caused by maternal-fetal Rh blood group incompatibility.Method:The antibodies except ABO blood group system were detected by direct antiglobulin test(DAT),free antibody test and elution test.The antibodies were identified by indirect antiglobulin test using the panel cell and serum of the mother.Result:Among these twelve HDN cases there were seven cases with anti-D,three with anti-E,one with anti-c and one with anti-E,c,including three infants' mothers with RhD positive.Conclusion:It should popularize the identification of blood group(including RhD negative and RhD positive) of gravidas and their husbands before delivery and Rh antibody screening of gravidas,which could reduce the fetal damage and guarantee healthy pregnancy and scientific nurture.


In fusion tokamaks, when an edge-localized mode occurs, a considerable amount of energy can be deposited onto plasma-facing components (PFCs). This transient causes rapid heating of the surface and can result in changes to the surface and near-surface regions including material loss. We have integrated laser systems into the existing PFC research program in PISCES, a laboratory facility capable of reproducing plasma–material interactions expected during normal operation of large tokamaks. We previously showed that tungsten samples exhibit significant 'collateral damage' when a heat pulse is applied in a plasma background. New experiments on beryllium indicate that surfaces exposed to deuterium plasma and simultaneous laser transients undergo a change in surface morphology and retention behavior. The grassy structure often seen on the surface of plasma-exposed Be is reduced and deuterium desorption occurs at higher temperatures.


The objective of this paper is to minimize human casualties in terrorist attack such as 26/11. The idea is to design a robot having a wireless camera mounted on it, so that it can monitor enemy remotely when required. Since human life is always precious, these robots are the replacement of soldiers in war areas. This robot can also be used in star hotels, shopping malls, jewelry show rooms, etc where there can be threat from intruders or terrorists.


Many ficld surveys and medical check-ups suggest that the visual load of VDT work is heavy, and that complaints and subsequent medical diagnoses rclatc to the user of VDTs. However, very few surveys were epidemiologically wcll designed. Some clinical cases were diagnosed as relating to VDT work; however, the pathogeny was not disclosed. The most commonly mcasurcd and examined physiological response to evaluate objectively the load and fatigue in VDT work was visual accommodation. There are other indices, such as eye movement, pupil size, critical flicker frequency, ocular tension, tears, surface temperature of cornea, electroencephalogram, but they lack consistency and strength in their relation with VDT work. There is no index that can help to evaluate the load and fatigue caused by VDT work alone. There arc also few physiological indices which are compatible with the subjective symptoms often observed in VDT work. Many studies show that the workload is greater in VDT work than in paper work. Many experimental evaluations of the photometric characteristics of' VDT screens support the contention that positive presentation (bright characters on a dark background) is better than the negative presentation (dark characters on a light background). 0 With regard to environmental factors, there are some experimental studies on the effect of static electricity or magnetic field on eyesight. In comparison with VDT work in Europe and America, some experimental studies show that VDT work in Japan additionally increases visual load because of text processing of Japanese characters. Some experimental studies aim to obtain evidence to establish rules regulating continuously working minutes or daily working hours spent on VDT work. However, lhese are not so systematic and extensive. 0 It is suggested that astigmatism increases visual load as well as presbyopia. There is no special legislation regulating VDT work in Japan.


Introduction Quantitative studies on disease processes or normal age changes in skeletal material have been difficult to interpret because of the problems of accurate age determination. It is generally accepted that wear on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth is to some extent a measure of the age of the individual but in a given population it has to be presumed that dietary wear was similar in all members of that population. If nothing is known of the real diet then studies of occlusal wear will enable the observer to rank the specimens into age groups rather than to reliably indicate what those age groups might be. Studies on caries prevalence in archaeological material have depended to some extent upon this aging being correct but since caries is not strictly an age related disease, it is not intended to discuss it more fully. The study of periodontal disease in archaeological material presents several difficult problems. Changes in alveolar bone architecture represent only a part of the disease process and the extent and stage of development of the condition is difficult to assess from skeletal material. Moreover, apparent changes in alveolar crestal bone may be misinterpreted as periodontal changes under certain circumstances. As has been pointed out by Miles' periodontal disease cannot be assessed in skeletal material without due attention being paid to the age ofthe individual since very severe disease in young age is a more serious problem than the same extent of damage seen in an elderly person. If some of the changes that have previously been described as chronic inflammatory periodontal disease can in fact be shown to be due to age changes per se, then we may have to modify our approach to our understanding ofthe disease process itself. If it can be shown for instance that occlusal attrition of the molar teeth in itself results in an apparent loss of bone at the alveolar margins, then a circular argument may develop in relating these two conditions as measured in skulls from ancient populations. For these reasons methods of aging skeletal material other than those dependant upon attrition and apparent alveolar bone loss should be investigated. This paper reviews the limitations ofthe classical methods of aging skeletal material and reports on current advances in the development of techniques which provide more objective data. Not only is age at death of paramount importance to the archaeological investigator but on many occasions estimates of time elapsed since death will be of considerable interest. This is perhaps the most difficult area of investigation but there has been evidence of progress in this field based largely upon changes in organic content of bones as time elapses.


Excipients or formulation variables have often been exploited to improve stability, modify release, or improve physicochemical properties of dosage forms. In pharmaceutical field, it is generally expected that excipients work at macromolecular level where they might influence the crystal structure of a solid. These polymers/colloidal particles may modify the rate and direction of crystal growth. It has also been observed, that different polymorphic crystals exhibit different colors on exposure to same colorant, predominantly due to difference in surface pH of different crystal lattices. Apart from physicochemical affect, crystal habit also influences pharmacokinetic parameters of the dosage form. Crystals with smaller size or lower lattice energy have shown to exhibit higher bioavailability with faster rate of release.


INTRODUCTION¶1 In 2012, Johnny Manziel became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, adding to his growing notoriety as one of the most exciting quarterbacks in college football. As media scrutiny and expectations intensified, Johnny Manziel, his family, and his university sought to trademark the nickname that had become synonymous with his exciting, improvised style of play: "Johnny Football."1 When Eric Vaughan began manufacturing t-shirts with the phrase "Keep Calm and Johnny Football," the family sued and sought an injunction as well as damages.2 In a surprising twist, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ruled that Manziel and his family could keep any financial awards from the lawsuit, even while Manziel remained a collegiate athlete.¶2 In addition to his on-field accomplishments, Johnny Manziel pioneered-even if inadvertently-a way for a student-athlete to profit from his fame with the blessing of the NCAA. However, while the issue of publicity rights for college athletes has intensified, "Johnny Football" actually illustrates a different property interest for student-athletes, one that is independent from the rights of the NCAA. Potential trademark protection for symbols, nicknames, and other marks affiliated with student-athletes is an intriguing concept, especially at a time when the future of amateur college sports is uncertain. This Comment analyzes the scope of this property interest and suggests trademark registration, specifically through the "intent-to-use" application, as a way to protect the individual property interests of student-athletes.¶3 Part I introduces Johnny Manziel, the "Johnny Football" trademark, and his lawsuit against a t-shirt manufacturer for trademark infringement. Part II puts the Johnny Football trademark issue in context, analyzing the emerging and game-changing litigation surrounding the right of publicity for student-athletes. Part III distinguishes Johnny Football and the potential for trademark protection for student-athletes from the ongoing controversy surrounding their right of publicity. Part IV examines the various elements and requirements of trademark registration and identifies "intent to use" as a viable means of protecting the intellectual property interests of current student-athletes. Basing trademark registration on the "intent to use" balances the interests of student-athletes as both "amateurs" under NCAA regulation and future professional athletes with valuable personal brands. Finally, this Comment examines the implications of this trademark approach to college sports in general, especially in light of the current litigation about the right of publicity.I. THE RISE OF JOHNNY FOOTBALL¶4 Johnny Manziel had not yet completed his freshman season as the quarterback for the Texas A&M Aggies (Texas A&M) when the university recognized the potential issues arising from his increasing fame. In addition to sending numerous cease-and-desist letters to those selling unauthorized "Johnny Football" merchandise, the university recommended that Manziel's family apply for trademark protection for the "Johnny Football" nickname.3 While collaborating with the Manziel family to trademark his nickname, Texas A&M officials cited their common goal of preventing unauthorized use of "Johnny Football," which could jeopardize Johnny Manziel's eligibility as an amateur college athlete.4 On February 2, 2013, JMAN2 Enterprises, LLC, a company registered to Johnny Manziel's family, filed a trademark application for "Johnny Football."5 On December 31, 2013, the Trademark Office suspended the application due to previously submitted and still pending applications for "Johnny Football,"6 and for the existence of similar marks, such as "Johnny Basketball" and "Johnny Baseball."7¶5 Meanwhile, Eric Vaughan (and others) began selling merchandise bearing the words "Johnny Football." Vaughan did not stop manufacturing "Keep Calm and Johnny Football" t-shirts, even after both Manziel and Texas A&M sent cease-and-desist letters. …


To evaluate the impact on the ocular surface of a daily disposable hydrogel contact lens with high water content compared with two silicone hydrogel daily disposable lenses of lower water content.


Wireless sensor network refer to a community of a spatially dispersed and allocated sensors to track, record the enviromental physical conditions and to coordinate the collected information at a central point. WSN are becoming increasingly important with their wide range of business applications. WSN are being used in multiple fields such as health care, agriculture, systematic observation and condition based serviliance. WSN contain multiple sensors and because of features of implementing nodes, protection and authenticity, wireless sensor network become more complex. Security has drawn much attention in WSN in the last few years. But the transmission work done by sensors, is typically critical because there are large ammount of data and sensor devices are limited. Due to small number of sensers, the system is vulnerable to multiple attacks. The basic goal of this paper is to highlight the areas where the WSN is being used and multiple challenges to wireless sensor network. The multiple attacks and challenges to WSN are mentioned in this study. This research shows that although there are many challenges to WSN but still the use of wireless sensor network in multiple field such as agricultural and healthcare helps a lot to improve the efficiency, quality and performance of the those areas.


In this paper we consider two classes of linear Volterra equations: of convolution type on ℝ+ and integro-differential with infinite delay on d-dimensional torus, both driven by spatially homogeneous Wiener process. First, we study the existence of solutions to these equations in the space of tempered distributions and then derive conditions under which the solutions take values in Sobolev spaces. We give necessary and sufficient conditions providing regularity of solutions to equations considered. The harmonic analysis techniques and stochastic integration in function spaces are used. The paper is a short review of regularity results for stochastic Volterra equations of convolution type.


Method for controlling a drive-slip control, comprising: Determining a dynamic normal load for a vehicle wheel, Determining a steady-state normal load, Determining a quotient of the dynamic load and the normal steady-state normal load, and Modifying a request torque of the drive skid control as a function of the quotient.


Objectives
                  When the SARS-CoV-2 Virus was seen in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, people's interest in vitamin and mineral supplement use has increased all over the world. This study aims to investigate changes in supplement use during pandemic on Turkish people living in Asia, America, Europe and Turkey.

                  Methods
                  An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among total 1678 individuals (women, n = 1329 and men, n = 369, Asia n = 139, America n = 507, Europe n = 292 and Turkey n = 760) older than 18 years in January 2021. An online questionnaire was taken by the volunteered participants. In this study, individuals were asked about dietary supplement use before and after the pandemic, which dietary supplements they used in the pandemic process, and why they were used.

                  Results
                  Individual's dietary supplement use before and during the pandemic were Asia (29.5% and 71.9%), America (40.6% and 75.7%), Europe (30.8% and 68.7%), and Turkey (21.3% and 62.2%) respectively. Vitamin C (74.7%), Vitamin D (58.2%) and multi vitamins (34.2%), Zinc (19.7%), Fish oil (17.9%), Probiotics (13.4%), and Propolis (11.1%) are the most commonly used dietary supplements in all regions. Individuals stated that improving the immune system was the main reason to use dietary supplements (53%). Individuals use it as a result of the diagnosis of nutritional deficiency (14%). The maximum use of dietary supplements in all regions is in between the ages of 31–50.

                  Conclusions
                  This study showed that dietary supplement use increased during the pandemic in all regions. Although most of the individuals stated that they took supplements to strengthen the immune system, it is known that supplements do not prevent Covid-19. However, it has been stated that the use of vitamin D, C, Zinc and selenium supplements may be beneficial, especially in those with diagnosed nutritional deficiencies and those with upper respiratory tract infections. Healthy individuals should be made aware of supplements and usage conditions.

                  Funding Sources
                  None


We study the adsorption of the amino acid cysteine on the Au(110) surface by means of density functional theory. Different adsorbate-substrate geometries are investigated regarding geometry, adsorption energy, and changes in the density of states.

In particular we compare flat versus upright adsorption configurations in which the molecule registers to the surface via a deprotonized thiolate head group and eventually the amino side group. Sulfur-gold and amino-gold bonding geometries are discussed with their implications for electronic properties (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


abstract:Patronage of public libraries in Nigeria has declined over the years and is in urgent need of revitalization. Outreach efforts would revitalize the interest of university students in the patronage of public libraries in Nigeria because they need access to resources, especially when on holidays. The study investigates the outreach programs used to revitalize the patronage of public libraries in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was utilized in the study. The population comprised a sample of 3,457 Adeleke University undergraduates. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that public libraries in Nigeria are underutilized by Adeleke University undergraduate students. This low patronage may be ascribed to poor outreach efforts, outdated technology, distance, inadequate facilities, and a poor road network. Outreach programs such as developing and producing library mobile applications, providing free internet access, virtual reality availability, hosting health talks, free streaming services, and making kinetic bikes available to charge phones can be effective in revitalizing public library patronage. As a result, the study suggests that outreach efforts be included in public library initiatives to engage younger users. This includes updating the public library's aging technology, notably by incorporating mobile applications into its operations.


The present study was carried out with the objective of assessment of haematobiochemical and trichographic features of mucocutaneous lesions in dogs. Dogs presented with mucocutaneous lesions associated with various dermatological conditions were included in the study. Mange, atopic dermatitis, dermatophytosis, juvenile cellulitis, pyoderma and hypothyroidism with secondary Malassezia dermatitis were presented with mucocutaneous lesions in the perioral, periorbital and in the nostrils with least involvement of anogenital region. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed anaemia, non-significant increase in total leucocyte count, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, elevated platelet count, hyperproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Elevated serum C-reactive protein was evident in all cases. Trichographic features revealed that highest number of hairs were included in the telogen phase of hair cycle with greater number of primary hairs. Hair fractures were evident in 20.8 per cent of hairs and trichoptilosis of hair tip was observed in 50.8 per cent of hairs studied. Demodex mites could be detected by hair pluck examination in all cases of demodicosis.


Considering that transport on water is used in very high proportion in international trade, the port industry is particularly important for economies of countries with coastlines. The role of ports for the national or even regional economies forces the stakeholders involved in port administration to manage the activities and services offered by ports carefully. An important aspect of the port industry that can be observed or even measured is the quality offered to customers. Customer perception regarding the quality of port infrastructures is an indicator measured annually by the World Economic Forum. By considering the processes in a port, this paper studies the components of quality, the role played by automation, digitization in the evolution of port services quality and how customer perception can ensure port competitiveness.


This paper proposes a new control scheme for the neutral-point balance in single-phase three level neutral-point clamped converters. The control is addressed, considering the plant under study a Non-Linear Time-Variant system and applying a quasi-exact linearization to it. This way it is possible to apply classic control techniques. The method depicted is simple, general and suitable to back and boost topologies as well as to inverter or rectifier operating modes. Correct operation is verified under both simulation environment and experimental operation. Experimental operation has been verified with linear and non-linear load.


Intestinal dysbiosis has been consistently described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly about changes in gut microbiota's composition and reduction of biodiversity. The identification of a characteristic microbiota could bring to a better understanding of ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis and to find possible microbial markers of disease activity in UC. The primary purpose of our study has been to evaluate the different compositions of gut microbiota between subjects with UC and healthy controls and between patients in remission and patients with severe colitis.

 A total of 64 subjects were enrolled: 18 with severe colitis (sUC), 22 UC patients in remission (rUC) and 24 healthy controls (HC). Faecal samples were analysed using the Illumina technique (16S NGS). Statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal–Wallis test. Shannon index and equipartition index were calculated to evaluate α-diversity between the samples and then were compared trough Student's t-test.

 Significant statistical differences in relative frequencies of phyla exist between UC patients and HC: frequencies of the phyla Firmicutes (with a median of 48.10% in UC and of 34.31% in HC, p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (0.67% in UC and 0.17% in HC, p = 0.006) were higher in UC, while frequencies of the phyla Bacteroidetes (48.82% in UC and 54.97% in HC, p = 0.005), Cyanobacteria (0% in UC and 1.28 in HC, p < 0.001) and Verrucomicrobia (0% in UC and 2.58% in HC, p < 0.001) were lower in UC. Significant statistical differences in relative frequencies of phyla were found between patients with rUC and sUC: Fusobacteria (median 0.005% for sUC, 0% for rU, p = 0.05) and Proteobacteria (7.88% in sUC, 3.22% for rUC, p = 0.015) were higher in patients with sUC. There was no difference between the relative frequencies of the other phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Verruccomicrobia). The gut microbiota biodiversity has been evaluated through Shannon index and equipartition index. Biodiversity was increased in UC patients respect to HC, while it was similar between rUC and sUC patients.

 The difference between the gut microbiota of rUC and sUC patients is mainly the relative frequency of the phylum Proteobacteria, increased in sUC patients. The α-diversity is similar in these two groups, suggesting a limited role in the influence of the course of the disease.


The present study examined the associations among childhood family relationships, adult conflict in marriage and work relationships, and mental health distress in Mexican immigrants. The sample consisted of 135 married Mexican immigrants recruited from an ESL program in Southern California. Structural equation modeling was used to test theoretical hypotheses. The model revealed that dysfunctional childhood family relationships predicted dissatisfaction and conflict in marital and work relationships. Conflict in marital relationships directly contributed to mental health distress, whereas conflict in work relationships had an indirect effect on mental health by impacting negatively on immigrants' marital relationships. The model also indicated that immigrants' socioeconomic status in Mexico was linked to work relationships conflict in the United States, which, in turn, had a detrimental effect on marital relationships and mental health distress. Furthermore, a significant pathway was found linking recency of migration and immigrants' resident status (legal vs. illegal) to conflict in marital relationships and mental health distress. Finally, social status risk factors significantly predicted mental health distress. Mexican immigrants who were older, of lower status, and female experienced a high level of psychological distress. The findings were discussed in terms of attachment and migration stress theory, and Latino cultural patterns. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Introduction: High survival rates have been reported for the uncemented CLS Spotorno stem up to 20 years. To confirm survival at longer follow-up we report the minimum 20-year (mean, 22 years; range, 20–25 years) results using this device. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of a consecutive series of 354 total hip arthroplasties using an uncemented grit-blasted, tapered femoral stem (CLS Spotorno) in 326 patients. Mean time of follow-up evaluation was 22 years (range, 20–25 years), mean age at surgery was 57 years (range, 13–81 years). Clinical results were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was used to determine long term outcomes for different end points. Results: At final follow-up, 126 patients (136 hips) had died, and 7 patients (8 hips) were lost to follow-up. Forty-one hips (12%) in 38 patients underwent femoral revision – 10 (3%) for infection, 12 (3%) for late periprosthetic fracture, and 19 (5%) for aseptic loosening of the stem. Kaplan-Meier analysis, with revision of the femoral component for any reason as the end point, revealed that the survival rate at 22 years was 86% (95%-confidence limits, 82%–90%). The survival rate with femoral revision for aseptic loosening as the end point was 93% at 22 years (95%-confidence limits, 90% – 96%). Discussion and Conclusion: The long-term results with this type of uncemented femoral component are encouraging and compare to the best reported series in primary cemented total hip arthroplasty. Besides aseptic loosening, periprosthetic femoral fracture is an important mode of failure in the long term following uncemented THA.


Small capacitor motor drive systems have received increased attention due to higher reliability and longer lifespan. However, small capacitor motor drive systems suffer from poor dynamic performance and larger torque ripple. In this paper, a combined control method is presents to improve the performance of small capacitor motor drive systems. On the one hand, this combined control strategy adopts injected harmonic current to reduce the fluctuation voltage on the DC-link, which provide better conditions for high-performance operation of permanent magnet synchronous motor. To satisfy the harmonic standard of IEC61000-3-2, the guideline of injected harmonic current is deduced according to motor power and the input power factor. On the other hand, an improved repetitive control in parallel with PI control is applied into motor control to effectively suppress motor torque ripple under the condition of the periodic pulsation voltage on the DC-link. In addition, this control method has good dynamic motor performance. Experiments are conducted, and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the combined control strategy.


This article puts forward a method to level the collocations of the Diccionario de Colocaciones del Espanol according to the levels proposed in the MCER. The frequency that the collocations contained in the dictionary exhibit in the corpus has been used as the levelling criteria. By means of the analysis of a sample of collocations included in both the dictionary and the Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes, it is proven a negative correlation between the levelling proposed for those collocations in the Plan Curricular and the corpus frequency. Such correlation justifies the relevance of the frequency as a levelling criterion. Finally, a qualitative exam of the results is carried out to prove the validity of the proposed method.


It appears reasonable to consider the hydrogen as bonded covalently to zirconium in the zirconium hydrides. After consideration of the known structure of ZrH2, the hypothesis is made that the nonstoichiometric ``beta'' (bcc) Zr–H phases have four symmetrical (tetrahedral) hydrogen sites on each face of the unit cell, with simultaneous occupancy restricted to pairs not closer than the shortest H–H distance in ZrH2. The complex configurational problem is solved for all concentrations by developing a simple process of building up the lattice, after making tests of the amount of detail required for accurate solutions in one and two dimensions. The total entropy, when decreased by the corresponding configurational entropy, corresponds to values of the hydrogen vibration frequency averaging 1440 cm—1 and showing no consistent trend with temperature or with a fourfold change in hydrogen concentration. A semiempirical energy model is constructed by introducing the hypothesis that zirconium bonded to no hydrogen i...


Background: Since the use of laminin‐5 as a marker of invasiveness has been proposed by several authors, our objective was to compare the expression of this protein in pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).


The resistance of Eimeria tenella strain to anticoccidial drug diclazuril was induced in the laboratory.The initial concentration of diclazuril was 0.07 mg/L.Eimeria tenella was serially passaged in chickens with gradually increasing concentrations of diclazuril.Based on percent of optimum anticoccidial activity,reduction of lesion scores and relative oocyst production,a diclazuril resistant E.tenella strain was selected.After 12 passages in chickens,the strain was resistant to 1.5mg/L diclazuril.Results suggest that it is feasible to induce anticoccidial drug resistant E.tenella strains under experimental condition.


Spin-off companies constitute an interesting subject of research for economic geographers. The significance of local knowledge networks, tacit knowledge flows and strong links with local social and economic environment are their most important features. Academic spin-offs, created by employees of higher education and R&D establishments, form a specific subgroup among these firms. Spin- -off companies are acknowledged as a most important technology transfer mechanism in the highly innovative modern biotechnology sector. This paper deals with the creation and functioning of the Jagiellonian University's biotech spin- -off companies in the contemporary business environment of Poland. Most of these companies are in an initial phase of development, facing many problems with financing and bureaucracy. The most important barriers to popularization of spin-off activity among researchers are: lack of financing, complicated IP law system, lack of business knowledge among scientists and general focus only on scientific activity among research personnel. The role of Jagiellonian University's technology transfer and entrepreneurship support agencies (i.e. the Jagiellonian Centre of Innovation and the Life Science Technology Park and Cluster) is also discussed.


The fact of women not being awarded political rights in the first stage of forming a representative system of government marks the beginning of the period of struggle for their political inclusion. This paper presents the process of fighting for women's political inclusion, its stages, participants, strategies, arguments for granting electoral rights to women followed by their participation in decision-making processes on equal terms with men.


Introduction: Cognitive impairments are common in children with epilepsy. The relative contributions of seizures and aetiology to cognitive outcomes remain uncertain. Therefore we investigated the effect of early life seizures on cognitive impairment associated with malformations of cortical development (MCDs) in rats. Method: Pregnant rats were injected with saline or 20mg/kg methylazoxymethanol (MAM) to induce MCDs. From postnatal day (P) 0 to P9, half the pups received a total of 50 flurothyl-induced seizures. Morris water maze experiments to test spatial memory were performed during development at P25 and in adulthood (n=4–8 per subgroup). At the completion of the experiment, the rat brains were collected and histologically assessed. Results: In the immature animals the time to finding the platform was significantly longer in animals exposed to MAM (p<0.001) compared with controls. There was also a significant adverse impact of seizures (p<0.001). In the mature animals the time to finding the platform was longer in MAM-exposed animals (p<0.001) but there was no longer an effect of early life seizures. The mean brain weight in control animals was 1.46g±0.002 compared with 1.003g±0.03 in animals exposed to MAM at embryonic day (E) 15 (p<0.001) and 1.26g±0.003 in animals exposed to MAM at E17 (p<0.001). There was no difference between seizure and no seizure in either E15 or E17 MCD animals. Conclusions: MCDs have a major impact on spatial cognition in animals tested in both the immediate post-weaning period and as adults. Early life seizures have an impact on spatial learning which is identified during development but which has recovered by the time the animals are young adults. These findings suggest that treatment of seizures alone may not be an adequate strategy for minimizing cognitive impairments. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS044295 and R01NS056170.


In this communication, we extend the Neumann boundary conditions by adding a component containing the tangential derivative, hence producing oblique derivative boundary conditions. A variant of Green's formula is employed to translate the tangential derivative to the fundamental solution in the boundary element method (BEM). The two-dimensional steady-state heat conduction with the imposed oblique boundary condition has been tested in smooth, piecewise smooth and multiply connected domains in which the Laplace equation is the governing equation, producing results at the boundary in excellent agreement with the available analytical solutions. Convergence of the normal and tangential derivatives at the boundary is also achieved. The numerical boundary data are then used to successfully calculate the values of the solution at interior points again. The outlined test cases have been repeated with various boundary element meshes, indicating that the accuracy of the numerical results increases with increasing boundary discretization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This is a retrospection of how the early Chinese Communists,by studying and employing the basic principles of the theory of Marxist - Leninist political party, found the answers to the specific questions in founding the political party in China, why the party were to be found and how to found and build her. An attempt is also made here to generalize the main characteristics of their thought of the party buliding.


This paper presents an approach for improving performances of the unsupervised classification (clustering) in remote sensing imagery by proposing a technique to combine the classical techniques of K-means clustering and the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with expectation-maximization (EM). The proposed model means to apply firstly K-means clustering, and to use the result of this technique to compute means μk, covariance matrices Σk and mixing coefficients πk, considered as initialization parameters for the next stage of GMM-EM. The performances of the proposed algorithm for remote sensing image classification using a LANDSAT 7 ETM+ dataset are evaluated. The proposed combined clustering model K-means+GMM-EM, has led to a significant improvement in performance over any of the two single clustering techniques K-means and GMM-EMM.


In order to accelerate the personnel training of biotechnology application,combining with professional development and academic advantages of the local pharmaceutical industry and talent needs,the "2 +1 +1" new model for training biotechnology applied personnel has been explored.The organic combination of academic development and local economic can be achieved,the teaching staff and the curriculum system can be optimized,which has received remarked results.


: FDI contributes to the industrial development of a developing country as a result of its accompanying transfer of advanced technology, human capital development and employment creation, make the local industries more competitive and promote backward and forward linkages. FDI in Nigeria is largely in the Petroleum sector. This study investigates the impression of FDI in Petroleum sector on economic enlargement in Nigeria. Having tested for stationarity of the variables of which some were found to be stationary at difference and others at first difference, to produce both long term as well as short term coefficients the Autoregressive Distributed lag Model has been applied. It has resulted 23.9% adjustment in the case of a deviation from the long run. Finally, minimum but positive influence has been observed in the area of Nigerian economic development. The recommended policies include the provision of an enabling environment, the need for investment policies that will be favorable to local investors, formulation and implementation of favorable exchange rate policies as well an improved state of infrastructures in the country amongst others.


Nata de coco business development has good economic potential. Nata de coco is a low-calorie snack whose fiber can aid physiological processes. It has an appealing aroma and can be prepared in a variety of flavors, and it lasts a long time. The nata de coco snack was chosen as the training material because it can be prepared with simple processing technologies, making it simple to execute for students. The purpose of the program for SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang students is to strengthen their business skills. Lectures, debates, and practices are used to carry out the program method. The program's results reveal that students understand and can produce nata de coco, as well as the different types of nata. Students believed that the nata-making course was quite beneficial in increasing their excitement for entrepreneurship.


The influence of small amount of elements magnesium and silicon in aluminium on the grain refining effect of Al-Ti-C master alloy was studied.The results show that the grain refining effect of Al-Ti-C master alloy can be promoted by them.The grain refining effect is best when the amount of silicon is 0.5%.At the same temperature,the refining effect of magnesium is appreciable and "temperature action" is not found.The study indicates the grain refining effect of Al-Ti-C master alloy is remarkable when the elements magnesium and silicon exist in aluminium at the same time(6063 aluminium alloy).


New media discourses are often engulfed by a variety of claims that emphasize their specificity. We can find the formulation of strong claims of novelty and uniqueness, in combination with processes of forgetfulness in relation to the societal roles of old media technologies. This article starts with a discussion on (new) audience theory, mapping and structuring the diversity of audience articulations with a focus on two of its main dimensions: the active/passive and the interaction/participation dimension. This mapping will then be used to problematize and critique the strong claims of novelty and uniqueness that 'new' participatory technologies have generated. Moreover, this theoretical mapping will also show that audience theory turns out to be quite stable in its capacity to facilitate the understanding of the diversity of relations between humans and media technology. Three claims are scrutinized: the shift from one-to-many to many-to-many communication; the re-articulation of the audience into the 'produser'; and the convergence of top-down business with bottom-up production and consumption practices. Each of these claims is critically evaluated, in combination with a case study discussion that shows the complexities and contradictions of these claims. These three case studies are the BBC's Video Nation project in the UK, a reception study of nine films on the Belgian online video-sharing platform 16plus, and formal participatory (alternative and community media) organizations.


Structure of the cell membrane All living cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane composed of lipids and proteins, whose main function is to control the passage of substances into and out of the cell. In general, the role of the lipids is to furnish a continuous matrix that is impermeable even to the smallest ions, in which proteins are embedded to provide selective pathways for the transport of ions and organic molecules both down and against the prevailing gradients of chemical activity. The ease with which a molecule can cross a cell membrane depends to some extent on its size, but more importantly on its charge and lipid solubility. Hence the lipid matrix can exclude completely all large water-soluble molecules and also small charged molecules and ions, but is permeable to water and small uncharged molecules like urea. The nature of the transport pathways is dependent on the specific function of the cell under consideration. In the case of nerve and muscle, the pathways that are functionally important in connection with the conduction mechanism are: (1) the voltage-sensitive sodium and potassium channels peculiar to electrically excitable membranes, (2) the ligand-gated channels at synapses that transfer excitation onwards from the nerve terminal, and (3) the ubiquitous sodium pump, which is responsible in all types of cell for the extrusion of sodium ions from the interior. The essential feature of membrane lipids that enables them to provide a structure with electrically insulating properties, i.e. to act as a barrier to the free passage of ions, is their possession of hydrophilic (polar) head groups and hydrophobic (non-polar) tails.


The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of plant compound idopyranose is evaluated against streptozotocin-induced diabetics Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups consisting of 6 rats each. Group I contained the normal control were treated with olive oil, group II was served as a negative control (diabetic control), group III comprising normal rats were administered with idopyranose alone for 21 days and group IV diabetic rats were administered with idopyranose (50 mg /kg body wt/ day orally) respectively. Diabetic rats were given idopyranose isolated from the plant, Vitex negundo showed significant reduction in blood glucose, alanine aminotransaminase and aspirate aminotransaminase activities. Serum urea, creatinine and cholesterol were also significantly reduced when compared to diabetic control. Apart from these parameters, idopyranose showed improvement in parameters like body weight, lipid profile such as triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). In diabetic rats changes like coarsening of acinar cells of endoplasmic reticulation, destruction of beta cells and alternation in their secretary function were observed in the histomorphology of the pancreas. The changes like dilation of vein, loss of unusual concentric arrangement of hepatocytes and liver fibrosis were observed in the liver. Thickening of tubules and expansion of glomerulus were observed in kidneys. All these altered parameters were reversed close to normal condition by the treatment of idopyranose. According to biochemical and histological results obtained, it can be concluded that the idopyranose helps in regeneration of damaged pancreas and protects pancreatic s cells and hyperglycemic nature against streptozotocin-induced diabetes.


Description of mathematical models for fast photo detectors based on microchannel plates (MCP) in three-dimensional formulation is given. The models include calculations of photoelectron collection efficiency in the gap photo cathode—MCP, gain factor of secondary electron cascades in the channels, the particle scattering in the gaps between the plates, taking into account the fringe fields and strong external magnetic fields. Comparisons of numerical and experimental data are given. The dependencies of major device parameters vs. of applied voltage, pore size, and magnetic field magnitude have been studied.


by the fanfare and by the new avenues opened to scientific analysis, are using these ideas in their own problems. Applications are being made to biology, psychology, linguistics, fundamental physics, economics, the theory of organization, and many others. . . . Although this wave of popularity is certainly pleasant and exciting for those of us working in the field, it carries at the same time an element of danger. . . . It will be all too easy for our somewhat artificial prosperity collapse overnight when it that the use of a few exciting words like information, entropy, redundancy, do not solve all our problems.


The mutual adaptation between man-machine opens new possibilities in the development of better userfriendly interfaces that not only adapt to the user's characteristics, but also permits the adaptation of the user to the machine. There are several examples of the use of feedback to improve the man-machine interface. One example is the use of sound to acquire cues in the interaction with the machine (Rauterberg, 1999). These studies show the improvement in the interaction when we increase the number of communication channels between the man and the machine. The problem with sound cues is that need the conscious effort to be recognized. Hunter, Katz, and Davis (2003) show another example of the importance of increasing the communication channels in the interaction between man and machine. In this study, they show how the multiple sensory stimuli contribute to the conscious awareness of the body, and how it can be used to change the abnormal body awareness that occurs after limb amputation. This effect is also known as cortical reorganization, where the brain after losing the stimuli from the amputated limb, due to the cross-modality, received input signals from the adjacent neurons, resulting in what is called "phantom limb." With the proper stimuli combination, the body image can be changed, allowing for the human body to adapt to external devices. In order to test this hypothesis, we proposed the used of an adaptable, EMG-controlled prosthetic hand with tactile feedback using electrical stimulation. Lotze (1999; Lotze, Grodd, Birbaumer, Erb, Huse, & Flor, 1999) and Maruishi et al. (2004) showed the positive effects in the use of myoelectrical prosthesis to revert cortical reorganization. Giraux, Sirigu, Schneider, and Dubernard (2001) also show the possibility to revert cortical reorganization in the brain. This is possible, due to the combination of the intentionality from the amputee to move the absent limb, which results in muscular movement, and the visual feedback provided by the myoelectric device. We think that if we include even more sensory channels—in this case, tactile feedback—the adaptation to the prosthetic device can be enhanced, resulting in subconscious control of the device.


Real time systems that are logically programmed for scientific applications involve frequent job arrivals, thus requires a parallel architecture, so that maximum applications can be executed simultaneously resulting in less waiting time and maximum resource utilization. This must be achieved by workload partitioning & characterization, directs towards the development of Multiprocessor machines, a way to achieve parallel effects. Today, multiprocessor systems cover H/W replications that may replicates complete central processing units asynchronously or multiple executional units synchronously controlled by a different/common clock respectively. This research deals with the multiprocessor scheduling implemented via simulated time sharing environment containing logically programmed virtual processors and batch lists, each batch having its associated arrival time along with number of jobs where each job contains parameters such as Batch_id, Job_id and CPU Burst_time(defined as no. of cycles required) etc. The idea behind this theory is to distribute a number of simultaneously occurring jobs to virtual processor list corresponding to a scheduling algorithm. Synchronous architectures involve SIMD based model with data parallel aspects of computations, whereas Control parallel asynchronous MIMD machines are the future trends leading towards Instruction level parallel processors involving VLIW (very large instruction word) and superscalar machines. General Terms Multiprocessor Scheduling Policies & Mechanisms, Time Sharing & Space Sharing policies, Static vs Dynamic scheduling Decisions.


Overall, aneurysms of the venous system constitute a rare disease. Up to March 2016, 1,199 venous aneurysms at various locations had been reported in the literature. The most common were aneurysms of the extrahepatic portal vein (n=247), followed by popliteal venous aneurysms (n=223) and, in third place, aneurysms of the internal or external jugular vein (n=143). Venous aneurysms are not usually diagnosed until they have become symptomatic or have led to complications, such as thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. First-line treatment of symptomatic aneurysms is resection of the aneurysm and reconstruction of the vein using either direct suture or end-to-end anastomosis, depending on the location. Endovenous repairs have also been described in the literature. Venous aneurysms of the superficial venous system can usually be excised and the vein ligated. Long-term anticoagulation is reserved for isolated cases with thrombotic occlusion and recurrent pulmonary embolisms.