This paper proposes an architecture for inter-domain routing, called DTIA - Dynamic Topological Information Architecture. DTIA separates the issues of reachability and routing, and this paper addresses the first one. One major requirement has been not to change IP packets and the commercial relations in the Internet. DTIA is based on the knowledge of a static network formed by the Autonomous Systems (AS) and an algorithm to manage link failures. We use the concept of a region as a mechanism to sustain scale. DTIA supports the most important functionalities of BGP: some of them are built in and others can be implemented on top of the reachability level or the routing level. The main concerns we aim to solve are taking advantage of multihoming, increase the robustness in terms of convergence, reduce the churn rate and range of routing events, and due to forwarding packets by AS identifiers and topologic links (as opposed to prefix policy defined) reduce the growth of the routing table.


Infidelity is a common marital problem, yet little is known about the coping strategies and the function of them on marital stability. This paper aims to examine the mediating effect of coping type of married men and women who experienced extramarital affairs on the relation between family resilience and marital stability. One hundred and fifteen married men and women were recruited through snowball sampling method. Socio-demographic factors such as age, number of children, and family income affected the coping type. The results showed that ``Avoiding`` and ``Calculating`` types were the most frequently used, except double-income ones. The more ``Critical-Distrustful`` subjects were, the worse marital stability was. Married men and women with ``Neglecting`` and ``Calculating`` coping types showed lower marital stability. However, the ``Overcoming`` coping type did not strengthen marital stability. Also, less use of negative way to cope with problems lead to high marital stability. Using path analysis, this study also investigated how the way to cope with extramarital affairs affects the relationship between family resilience and marital stability. Negative ways of coping problem, such as ``Critical-Distrustful`` and ``Negligence``, showed mediating effects on marital stability while ``Calculating`` type showed only a direct effect on marital stability in a negative manner. Contrary to the expectation, the ``Overcoming`` tendency did not show any influences on the relationship between family resilience and marital stability. The study also found out the fact that lessening ``Critical-Distrustful`` and ``Negligence`` styles are the key to higher marital stability. This study showed that understanding personal characteristics and coping types of married men and women who have gone through extramarital affairs will benefit married couples in counseling. The findings of this study contribute to advance the research on infidelity by specifying factors influencing the marital stability of married men and women with infidelity. This study implies that the fluctuations in marital stability heavily depend on the ways of dealing with those crises.


varying dimensions of sound in 20th century history, from issues of gender and technology to contests over intellectual property and government regulation, divided into four sections. Affect and the politics of listening includes listening practices and good citizenship in the 1930s, Tokyo Rose and Axis radio propaganda during World War II, and gender in radio speech in Argentina in the same period. Sonic objects turns to two essays, one on jazz, and the other on the 1950s hi-fi hobby. Hearing disorder covers French interwar radio, and CB-radio culture on the freeways of Los Angeles in the 1970s. Finally, sound commerce wraps up with jukeboxes as measures of musical taste in the 1930s and 1940s, competition in early radio, and the role of newspapers in promoting early radio. These studies suggest different aspects of the contingent nature of sound and how a better grasp of sound culture can enhance understanding of the past. Both editors teach history at the University of Delaware. Their anthology is another indicator of a thriving historical trade in the history of music and other recorded sound. (Chris Sterling)


Saliva is considered as the best source of biological material for biomarker discovery studies since it is noninvasive in comparison to other body sources. Usually buffalo cannot precisely express estrus signals. Hence, there is a need for concise methods to detect the time of estrus to ensure the success of artificial insemination. Therefore, we have established a reference proteome map on the whole saliva of buffalo during their estrous cycle with special reference to estrus. Nearly 12 bands have been observed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of whole saliva. Collectively, 179 proteins are identified with respect to different phases of the estrous cycle using mass spectrometry. On the whole, 37 proteins are exclusively expressed in the estrus phase, which include β‐enolase, Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4, clusterin, lactoperoxidase, serotransferrin, TGM3, UBA6, and transducin. Among the proteins, β‐enolase and TLR 4 were validated, and their specific expression was found during estrus as compared to other phases using immunoblot. The functional annotation reveals many as binding proteins in the estrus saliva when compared to the other phases. The present findings conclude that the proteomic approach adopted to identify the proteins from buffalo saliva around the estrous cycle may provide a new tool for screening the estrus phase. The results further conclude that the specific expression of β‐enolase and TLR 4 can be taken as the indicator of estrus in buffalo.—Muthukumar, S., Rajkumar, R., Rajesh, D., Saibaba, G., Liao, C.‐C., Archunan, G., Padmanabhan, P., Gulyas, B., Exploration of salivary proteins in buffalo: an approach to find marker proteins for estrus. FASEB J. 28, 4700–4709 (2014). www.fasebj.org


An experimental apparatus for the photoacoustic determination oftrace Co in the form of PAN-Co(II1) is described. A good working curve is obtained for quantitative detecting for trace Co. The photoacoustic spectroscopy using laser as light source has very high sensitivity. Its principle andtheory were reviewedby several authors ( 1 3 ) . The method is being applied increasingly widely to the analysis of trace substances (420). In this paper, the quantitat~ve determination of trace substances by solid-state photoacoustic spectroscopy is studied, using a He-Ne laser and a He-Cd laser as light sources and a solid complex PAN-Co(II1) as a reseach object. The block diagram of the experimental apparatus used in this work is shown in Fig. 1. 1. ~e-Cd laser ; 2. ~e-Ne laser ; 3. pinhole ; 4. total reflective mirror for He-Ne laser ; 5. beam splitter ; 6. lens ; 7. chopper ; 8. power source for the chopper ; 9. photoacoustic cell and microphone ; 10. preamplifier for the electric siqnal from microwhone ; 11. lock-in amplifier ; Fig. 1 Block diagram of apparatus for laser 12' '-' with pen ; photoacoustic determination. 13. laser powermeter 14. power source for He-Ne laser 15. power source for He-Cd laser. It is arranged in such a way that it is capable of making both the singlebeam and double-beam determination.. The photoacoustic cell used are made of pyrex glass. The schematic diagram of single-microphone cell structure is shown in Fig.2. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1983694 C6-570 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE In t h e s ing le microphone photoacoustic c e l l a s e n s i t i v e microphone t h a t i s used t o d e t e c t the photoacoustic s i g n a l (PA) i s f ixed on t h e sample s i d e of c e l l . Double microphones a r e a l so used, bu t they a r e f ixed on t h e opposite s i d e s vert i c a l t o t h e inc iden t l a s e r beam. In order t o reduce t h e in te r fe rence of ambient noise t h e photoacoustic c e l l s i s buried i n sand. The background noise of the c e l l s i s 15-60 nV, depending on t h e s t rength of ambient noise. 1. inc iden t window 2. microphone 3 . rod f o r sample en t ry 4 . sample 5. sea l ing cover 6 . vacum sea l ing wax. Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of single-microphone c e l l s t ruc ture . The pA s i g n a l produced by t h e exc i t ing l i g h t can be detected by t h e microphone and t r a n s l a t e d i n t o an e l e c t r i c s i g n a l which i s fed i n t o the lock-in amplif ier through the preamplif ier . The pA s i g n a l i s picked up from noise, and then fed i n t o the y-axis of t h e X-Y recorder . The s t reng th of pA s i g n a l (S ) stands f o r t h e amount of the t r a c e substance detected. PA The following aspects a r e s tudied by t h e above apparatus. 1. The e f f e c t of modulated frequency ( f ) and l a s e r power on SPA. The r e s u l t s obtained show t h a t t h e r e i s a l i n e a r r e l a t i o n s h i p between SPA and f-I when f>60 Hz. I f f i s l e s s than 60 H z , t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p i s n ' t l i n e a r . Thls is due t o t h e range of frequency response of t h e microphones used (60 H z ' 1. 10 K H z ) . The r e s u l t s a r e shown i n Fig.3. The SPA measured i s d i r e c t l y proport ional t o t h e power of inc iden t l a s e r , a s shown i n Fig.4. Fig. 3 S p ~ 5 f-I re la t ionsh ip . The increase of laser power can therefore raised the sensitivity of photoacoustic detection. 2. The effect of sample backing and carrier on Sp~. In our work the two kinds of substrate are used : one is a glass rod with a polished end covered by a layer of carrier, and another is a piece of plain glass adhered to a glass tube, which is also covered by a layer of carrier. In each case, the thikness of carrier is 0.1-0.2 mm. The SPA produced by a same substrate are 150-240 !JV (for 8 mW He-Ne laser) and 200-300 p v (for He-Cd laser), corresponding to that produced by 2-3 ng Co in the form of PAN-Co(II1). In the determination of trace Co, the background signal is removed by zero adjustement of the lock-in mplifier. The carrier used are silica gel (SiO2), BaS04 and Al2O3, which are carefully treated before use and are of homogenized grain size of about 5 Vm. In the cases of PAN-Co(II1)-Si02 and PANCo(II1)-BaS04 systems larger S p ~ can be produced (about 100 pV/ng Co). The SPA produced by PAN-Co(II1)-A1203 systems is smaller, and the layer made of A1203 is also rougher-Therefore, it isn't used in further work. 3. The quantitative determination of trace Co. In this case the requirements of heat-thinness and good light transparency for the sample to be determinated can be met, and SPA can be expressed as a approximate formula : SPA ' K . B1 = K'C where B1 is the light absorption of sample, and C is the content of substance to be determinated. A good linear relationship between the SPA and contents of CO is found, as shown in Fig.5. Fig. 5 working curve for Co.8 mW He-Ne laser, f=32 Hz, silica gel carrier, single microphone cell. 4. The comparison of the detection sensitivity of double-microphone cell with that of single-microphone cell. The results show that the double-microphone cell has a additive effect, that is, the detected S p ~ is the sum of that from the two microphones, and it raises notonly the detect& sensitivity, but also S/N. 5. The comparison of the S p ~ produced by double-beam light with that by single-beam light. The absorption curve of PAN-CO(III)-CHC~~ solution is shownin Fig.6. It has maximal absorbance at 452 nm and 585 nm. In our work, a He-Ne laser (633 nm, near 585 nm) and a He-Cd laser (442 nm, near 452 nm) are used to excite coaxaly the sample to be detected. The results measured are shown in Fig.7.. It fs seen from Fig.7 that the S p ~ produced by double-beam light is equal to the s w of that produced by each light beam, corresponding to the effect of increasing laser power. In our experimental condition, it is possible to detect Sub-ng Co in the form of PAN-Co(II1). This shows that the laser photoacodstic spectroscopy is a very effective tool for the determination of trace substances.


The present study examines the issue of news content and coverage of an environmental disaster in the mass and the alternative media. With the use of content analysis, 132 articles on the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill were selected and analyzed in four alternative magazines and one American newspaper. It was hypothesized that content varied according to the differences in media type. Results suggested that differences in media do have impact on coverage of environmental events.


Due to high operational speed and more application of loads, the parts of the bearings may undergo fatigue. The parts are whirl movement in the cage and also for squeal movement and skidding and skewing. The wear will be more due to the dynamics of the bearings. Friction places importance on the dynamics and failure of the bearings. The computer modeling is done for the dynamic effects of the ball and cylindrical shape roller bearings. For better performance of the tapered roller bearing, the kinematic and geometric equations to be provided with both normal and axial loads. In this work to design of bearings (in this, we learn how the tapered roller bearing will work, what is the composition of material with which roller bearing is made. Analysis of bearings, in this, we will do ANSYS analysis, and it can find the stresses between the roller, inner, and outer ring. It would try to new lubricant (calcium-based grease) or recreate the design of bearings so that easy inlet of lubricants and easy outlet of lubricants. This research work is focused on a new coating material (ZEFFLE series), which is corrosive resistant and fretting wear.


A considerable percentage of worldwide electrical energy is consumed by information and communication technology. One significant element in this perspective are the data distribution systems via Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). We introduce a new model to compute the total energy consumption of CDNs which is based on a hierarchical Internet map and that takes into account the energy consumption needed to keep servers synchronized. The CDN is represented as a main server storing the whole data set and several surrogate servers, each caching a subset of the entire data set. Servers are located in a hierarchical three-tier network topology. We analyze the energy consumption trends as a function of the number of surrogate server. Results show that increasing the number of surrogate servers decreases the transmission delay but it does not always lead to decreasing energy consumption. Furthermore, the energy consumption profile as a function of the number of servers strongly depends on the ratio between the number of content requests and modifications. Finally, we show that the adoption of a hierarchical network model permits to highlight slightly different energy consumption trends with respect to those of standard "flat" network representation.


This paper proposes an improved TOPSIS method for multi-criteria decision-making.The approach takes more will and attitudes of decision-maker into account.First of all,original values of the attributes are replaced with triangle fuzzy numbers,which are output of the decision maker's utility functions.In addition,a variance indicator is adopted to balance the equilibrium degree of all attributes.Finally,a numerical experiment is used to illustrate and verify the proposed approach.


Community vertical structure and species importance values are essential characteristics to under-stand the community,which can reflect the dynamic of species and the succession tendency of communities.The results of this paper show as follows.(1) The vertical structure of Q.phillyraeoides community could be divided into tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer and interlayer,but the structures of herb layer and interlayer were very sim-ple;the height of vertical structure was about 4-7 m,and the canopy of community and tree layer coverage were about 0.6-0.75 and 80%,respectively,which meant the community structure was sparse and gaps existed.It is not the same of the situation of shrub structure in different districts as that of the tree layer.The height of shrub layer was about 1-2 m,and the complexity of species composition and vertical structure were more than that of tree layer.(2)The importance value of individual species indicated that Q.phillyraeoides was dominant species with high value,while other species with less significance than Q.phillyraeoides were subtropical forestry common trees such as Loropetalum chinense,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Juniperus formosana,Rhododendron mariesii.The importance value in the top 10 of each community occupied the great mass of percentage in the tree layer,which could represent the reality of the structure;the importance value of individual in the shrub layer were not high,which meant the high species diversity in this layer.The importance value of Q.phillyraeoides was lower in the shrub layer than that of other species because of few seedlings,and was beneficial to the community refreshing.


This article examines the impact of the level and volatility of the real exchange rate on UK foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows from the seven major countries of origin of the investment over the period 1975–2001. We use both fixed effects and dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM) panel estimation techniques, and manufacturing data disaggregated by high and low R&D content of the sector of destination. Our results provide strong evidence that exchange rate volatility has a negative impact on FDI flows into the UK, irrespective of the sector of destination of the investment. On the other hand, the level of the real exchange rate is found to have a statistically insignificant effect on FDI after controlling for endogeneity of the regressors.


Make use of single-freedom crank-slider to pull the metal hose of material non-linearity,geometry non-linearity and large deflection for periodical movement. Using the APDL language,describe the rule of the movement ,build the transient vibration model and solve the problem of the connection between the crank-slider and metal hose. Basing the local stress-strain theory,compare the result of the soft and experiment and judge the fatigue life-span.


The utility model belongs to the field of coal mining, relates to a honeycombed drilling rod and particularly relates to an outburst-prevention drilling rod used for gas drainage. The utility model aims to solve the problem in the former outburst-prevention drilling rod that effective drilling is not achieved, or air is discharged from the rod, but the air tightness is bad, and water or air supplied at the inlet and outlet is unbalanced. The outburst-prevention drilling rod comprises a drilling rod body, wherein two axial through holes are at least formed on the drilling rod body; and when the drilling rod starts drilling, the two drilling rod bodies are connected together through a pipe hoop, wherein the drilling rod body I is used for positioning the pipe hoop, and the pipe hoop is in threaded connection with the drilling rod body II. The honeycombed drilling rod has the advantage of good sealing performance and also solves the problem of hole collapse of soft coal seam.


The decrees of institutional reform of 1713 and 1714 are a milestone in the administrative reforms proposed in the reign of Felipe V. The new organization of councils was to be seen as a victory of reformism proposed by the regalist in power. However, opposition from many administrators forced the authorities to nominate new places with people close to the government. Our aim in this paper is the relational analysis of the men selected to occupy the reformed institutions. We propose an interpretation that is based on administrative patronage relationships around Macanaz. Finally, we are interested in the trajectories of those favored after the counter-reform of 1715.


The Subaru telescope detects exoplanets at contrasts of 1 × 10-5 by using a shaped pupil coronagraph. The shaped pupil is a binary mask designed to alter the propagation of light to the image plane in a way that produces dark holes (also called "discovery regions") where off-axis point sources can be detected more easily. Our objective is to decrease the inner working angle (IWA) of the discovery regions to allow for detection of Earth-like planets found closer to the target star. The current Subaru shaped pupil has an IWA of 3.5 λ/D and an outer working angle (OWA) of 16 λ/D. These characteristics of the IWA limit the detection of planets close to the star and the low transmission level of the shaped pupil potentially intercepts the transmission of o_-axis point sources. Here we present a new pupil design that attains a smaller IWA and achieves a transmission of greater than 50%, while maintaining the current contrast level. The tradeoff is a smaller OWA, which allows for less discovery space at the outer regions of the image plane. We also explore the potential benefits of setting the desired level of transmission and maximizing the contrast, as opposed to the current method of fixing the contrast and maximizing the transmission.


In any time, software reliability is the primary index of software quality. Software testing and maintenance are key techniques to improve software reliability. Through the research onTeaching Material Management System, the related problems are discussed.


Concerns about operational difficulties with the ASTM D2B82 Test Method and whether the Vickers 104C vane pump will be continued in production has prompted the need to develop a replacement test for the ASTM D2882 Test Method. ASTM Section D02.N.7 has been investigating for the last five years such a potential replacement test using the Vickers 20VQ5 vane pump. The goal is to develop a replacement test that uses a pump of current and expected future manufacture that will provide results consistent with results obtained previously using the D2882 Test Method. The initial study that was the basis for test development was originally published in May 1992 in the STLE publication, "Lubrication Engineering". Since that time there has been an ongoing effort to complete a comparison using four (4) reference oils in nine (9) laboratories, including European participants. Difficulties and problems related to test operation and test cartridge preparation have occurred and are reviewed in this paper.


Incidence of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on important field crops at Raichur viz., cotton, pigeonpea, sunflower, chickpea and sorghum evaluated during 2009–10 revealed that the pest commenced its activity in the last week of September and remained active up to first week of January in cotton with a peak during 1st to 3rd week of November. In pigeonpea, the larval activity was noticed from second week of October to first week of January with two peaks, one on third week of October and second on second week of November. On sunflower it was from third week of October to third week of November with a peak on first week of November. In chickpea, it was noticed from last week of November to second week of February with a peak on third week of December. However, no larval population was noticed on sorghum. Among the weather parameters, maximum and minimum temperature recorded positive but nonsignificant correlation with larval incidence on all crops except chickpea whereas, rainfall and morning relative humidity recorded negative but nonsignificant correlation with larval incidence in all the crops.


The objective of this study is to assess the impact of work discipline, information technology, organizational culture, and work environment on employee performance at the Dukcapil Office of Klaten Regency, both collectively and individually. The present study employs a quantitative research design. The study population consisted of 65 individuals who were operators employed at the Dukcapil Office of Klaten Regency. The provided sample is a subset that is indicative of the larger population under investigation (Arikunto, 2019: 109). The study utilized a census sampling technique to collect data from a total of 65 respondents. The process of gathering data through the utilization of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique employed in this study involved the application of statistical analysis methods, specifically the utilization of multiple linear regression test, F test, t test, and the coefficient of determination. The findings of the study indicate that work discipline, information technology, organizational culture, and work environment have a partial influence on the performance of employees at the Dukcapil Office of Klaten Regency. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the Klaten Regency Dukcapil Office enhance work discipline, information technology, organizational culture, and the prevailing work environment. These improvements are expected to result in an increase in employee performance, surpassing previous levels.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Parents' empathy toward their children affects their parenting, which can in turn impact child outcomes. Although parental empathy is theoretically distinct from trait empathy, current literature relies on largely self-report measures of parents' trait empathy. Thus, the current study evaluated new analog assessments of parental empathy. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: One parental empathy analog measure (Empathy Measure for Parents Analog Task, Emotion Script; EMPAT-ES) was created based on parents' responses to open ended prompts describing scenarios that elicit different emotions (e.g., happy, mad, sad, scared) in children. These responses were used to create short scripts. A second analog task (EMPAT, Emotion Audio) was created using 20 sec audio clips of children expressing the different emotions wherein participants respond with how they feel hearing the emotions and separately, how they believe the child feels. After an initial pilot, both versions of the EMPAT-E were administered to 120 families enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. Parents completed self-report measures of trait empathy and parental empathy, as well as the EMPAT-ES and EMPAT-EA analog tasks. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Internal consistency of both the EMPAT-ES and EMPAT-EA tasks are expected to be robust, demonstrating the reliability of these novel assessments of parental empathy. Results are also expected to demonstrate the construct and convergent validity of both analog tasks. These new measures of parental empathy are expected to be significantly associated with measures of trait empathy. Specifically, parents' responses indicating how they believe the child feels in the analog are expected to be strongly related to their reported emotion recognition abilities and responses indicating how analog items made parents feel are expected to be related to parents' empathic concern. Finally, parents' responses to the analog tasks are anticipated to be strongly associated with parents' self-reported parental empathy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Valid, novel assessments of parental empathy can impact the parenting literature as well as community intervention and prevention efforts with parents. Such analog tasks can bolster parenting research but they may also be translated to the community setting as a training tool wherein parents are taught new skills that promote more positive parenting.


The use of Creative Writing methodologies and techniques in university Composition classes has recently become an element of contention, namely questioning whether or not creativity for composition and rhetoric curriculum is detrimental or productive for student learning. This essay discusses the beneficial aspects of using Creative Writing form, style and authorial first-person point-of-view within the Composition classroom to encourage student learning and progress. Specific paper assignment descriptions and examples are detailed, as are the learning outcome benefits for these assignments, which explain how and why Creative Writing is advantageous for Millennial generation students. The author of this essay has written in the first-person to analyse what ethical considerations must be taken into account when teaching 'honest writing' and how properly to teach rhetorical discourse within a Creative Writing-influenced classroom.


FOR274, a 5-page fact sheet by Kelly Peacock and Jason Smith, provides information on the diagnosis, biology, and management of the disease and should provide guidance for future efforts to identify and manage oak wilt in the state of Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, November 2010. Reviewed November 2013.


The consumer demands for fresh-like quality and convenience have given rise to minimally processing. Hence a study was taken up to increase the shelf life of fresh cut bitter gourd by passive modified atmospheric packaging. The fresh-cut was packaged using LDPE pouches with a thickness of 100 μ due to their less permeability to oxygen and stored at 30±2°C and 8±2°C temperature. The respiration rate was decreased to 30 % by storing at lower temperature. The changes in the quality parameters such as physiological loss in weight (4.2 %), colour value 'a' (-7.56), chlorophyll content (17.46 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (63.88 mg/100g) and titratable acidity (0.78 %) was observed at 8 ±2°C. The shelf life of fresh-cut bitter gourd by passive modified atmospheric packaging was extended up to 12 days at 8 ±2°C based on their acceptable limit of bacterial (4.56 × 10 cfu/g) and fungal (3.28 × 10) cfu/g growth.


Throughout life hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have to cope with various kinds of insults from inflammation to DNA damage constantly to maintain the integrity of stemness. It is possible that certain core factors are commonly implicated in the maintenance of HSC pool and function under discrete physiological and pathological conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Previous works have demonstrated that retinoic acid inducible gene I (Rig-I) plays an essential role in recognizing viral RNA and activating type I IFN transcription, but whether Rig-I is involved in the core program governing HSCs' behaviors is unclear. Here, we report that in the steady status Rig-I deficiency significantly increased HSC number by dysregulating the cell-cycling status of HSCs in mice. However, HSCs in Rig-I -/- mice were actually more sensitive to genotoxic treatments such as irradiation as compared to wild type HSCs, causing more Rig-I -/- mice to die of hematopoietic exhaustion. In accordance, HSC transplantation assays showed a significant impact of Rig-I loss on the hematopoietic regeneration capacity. Mechanistically, we found that Rig-I represented a pivotal component of the molecular pathways that mediate DNA-damage response and the repair of DNA lesions. Taken together, these data indicate a crucial role of innate immunity-regulatory factor Rig-I in the maintenance of HSCs.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract Generation of microsurface texture is an important technology for surface engineering that can produce a significant improvement of engineering components in aspects to wear resistance, friction coefficient, load capacities, part lubrication, etc. This research proposes a novel approach of maskless electrochemical micromachining (EMM), which is anodic dissolution based on electrochemical reaction. One reused textured cathode tool with patterned SU-8 2150 mask can fabricate many work samples economically with less time. Maskless EMM set-up with developed EMM cell and vertical crossflow electrolyte supply system is used to generate micro circular patterns on stainless steel (SUS 304) using three different types of electrolytes such as NaCl, NaNO3 and NaCl + NaNO3. The influences of major process parameters such as interelectrode gap (IEG), flow rate, machining time and electrolyte concentration on mean radial overcut and mean machining depth have been investigated using these electrolytes. Out of these three electrolytes, only NaCl + NaNO3 of 20 g l−1 is selected as the best electrolyte with other best parameter settings such as applied voltage of 12 V, duty ratio of 30%, pulse frequency of 5 kHz, flow rate of 3.12 m3 hr−1, IEG of 50 µm and machining time of 3 minutes for generating good textured characteristics with overcut of 27.581 µm and depth of 15.1 µm. Analyses have also been done to investigate the textured characteristics using these electrolytes for acquiring the best parametric combination with suitable electrolyte.


Pretilachlor applied 6 days after transplanting @ half the recommended doses (0.375 kg ha−1), recommended dose (0.75 kg ha−1) and double the recommended dose (1.5 kg ha−1) persisted in soil up to 60, 75 and 90 days, respectively. Disappearance of pretilachlor fitted a first order kinetics decay curve at all the three levels of application with the half life varying from 11.6 to 15.8 days. Pretilachlor residues in rice straw and grain at highest dose (1.5 kg ha−1) were below MRL.


Privacy Shielding against Mass Surveillance (PSMS) provides a step by step tactical approach to protecting the privacy of all the users of the internet from mass surveillance programs by the governments and other state agencies. Protection of one's privacy is of prime importance and Privacy Shielding provides the right means against mass surveillance programs and from malicious users trying to gain access to your systems. Although protection is difficult when massive government agencies like the NSA and GCHQ target internet users for surveillance, it is possible because the target is not 'you' as an individual but the entire mass as a whole. With the right approach and a broad perspective of the term 'Privacy', it is possible for one to freely access and share information over the internet without being victims of surveillance.


Doyo plants are expected to produce offspring or generations that are able to adapt well in a new growing environment. The generation of doyo accessions that managed to grow well in the new environment was then passed on as propagation material to produce the next generation so that a large number of plant propagation materials were obtained for large-scale cultivation. This study aims to observe the continued growth of doyo accessions as a result of domestication.  This  research consisted of two experiments. The first  experiment was to see the growth of tillers from 6 doyo accessions (Tenggarong, Kota Bangun, Muara Wis, Jempang, Bongan, Anggana). The second experiment was to see the growth of the first generation of doyo accessions from domestication. The planting material used was tillers of doyo accession originating from the first experiment grouped into 3 groups based on the age of the tillers: group 1 (0 - <3 months), group 2 (3 - <5 months), group 3 (5 - <7 months). Data in the first and second experiments were analyzed by the F-test (α=95%) and then tested further using the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test using SAS v. 11.6 software. In the first experiment, the analysis showed that the treatment of accession had no significant effect on the number of tillers at 3 to 6 months after planting (MAP), but had a very significant effect at 12 MAP. The highest average number of tillers at 12 MAP obtained at Bongan accessions (9.75 tillers), but not significantly different from Kota Bangun accessions (6.11 tillers) and Jempang (6.67 tillers), while the lowest average number of tillers was obtained at Anggana accessions (1.57 tillers) but not significantly different from Muara Wis accessions (3.33 tillers). In the second experiment, the results of the analysis showed that the treatment of accession had no significant effect on increasing the diameter of the stem, increasing the length of the leaf, and increasing the number of leaves, but significantly affected the increase in plant height at 2 MAP. In general, it can be seen that seedlings that are still young (0 - <3 months) when used as planting material have a better percentage of life and growth compared to older seeds (3 - <5 months) and (5 - <7 months).


Abstract Sandwich composite materials consisting of one PZT/polymer middle layer and two solid PZT surface layers have been tested for use as a hydrophone and NDT transducer. The effects of the thick fraction of solid PZT surface layer, of filling porous layer with polymer and hydrostatic pressure on the electromechanical properties are described. The performance of transducer made of these sandwich composite are presented.


A theory of a thermoplastic device for real‐time in‐situ acoustical holographic recording is presented. The theoretical analysis takes into account the possible existence of an in‐line reference beam and its influence on the real‐time coherent optical image reconstruction.


Adaptive control of a quad-rotorcraft is designed estimating unknown inertial parameters to provide robustness against uncertainty in resistance to change of rotation during its physical interaction with the environment. A saturated position control and a Barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) based attitude control determine command attitude and provide attitude tracking without singularity. A projection based adaptive law estimates unknown moment of inertia and ensures estimation always stay inside a pre-defined compact set. A rigorous stability analysis proves that closed-loop system is stable and error signals are asymptotically converging. Simulation results demonstrate the theoretical conjecture of the proposed controller.


This review paper presents the work of various researchers on the heat transfer enhancement of fin tube heat exchanger. In this research author used different type of vortex generator like delta winglet, rectangular winglet, curved trapezoidal winglet pair. The vortex generator can be embedded in the plate fin and that too in a low cost with effect the original design and setup of the commonly used heat exchangers. The various design modifications which are implemented and studied numerically and experimentally is been discussed in the paper.


Pomegranate seed contains high nutritional valuable bioactive compounds that are considered as losses in pomegranate processing factories due to lack of suitable processing methods on it. So this research was conducted with the aims of recognition physical , chemical and thermal properties of Pomegranate seed oil. In order to measuring its physical, chemical characteristics, the classical methods were used. The results showed values for viscosity, refractive index, colorimeter index (Yellow/Red): 155centipoise, 1.5088-1.5095, 6.71 respectively. Besides predominant fatty acids were ponicic, linoleic and oleic. Tri acyl glicerols of Pomegranate seed oil were classified in 5 categories by ECN as of 36, 38, 40, 42 and equal or more than 44. The highest tri acyl glycerols were with ECN=36. Pomegranate seed oil contains phenol, tocol and esterol compounds as of 168.13, 425.995 and 598.7 milligrams per kilogram of oil respectively. Thermal properties of the Pomegranate seed oil and the amounts of the released or absorbed energies were measured by differential scanning calorimetery. There were different melting and soliding points in this oil that resulted of different tri acyl glycerols structures. Our results suggested that the Pomegranate seed oil, which have high nutrition properties, can be used in food and medical industries.


ABSTRACT The aarE1 allele was identified on the basis of the resulting phenotype of increased aminoglycoside resistance. TheaarE1 mutation also resulted in a small-colony phenotype and decreased levels of aac(2′)-Ia mRNA. The deduced AarE gene product displayed 61% amino acid identity to theEscherichia coli UbiA protein, an octaprenyltransferase required for the second step of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Complementation experiments in both Providencia stuartiiand E. coli demonstrated that aarE andubiA are functionally equivalent.


Abstract : The report contains experimental data on the frequencies and mode shapes of vibrating plates. Data for the following plates are presented: a square cantilever plate; skew cantilever plates having sweep-back angles of 15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees; triangular cantilever plates having aspect ratios of 2 (45 degree triangle), 3.3, and 4; a square hubpin plate; and a 45 degree triangular hub-pin plate. Electrical and mechanical improvements to the system are described. (Author)


This paper presents a direct Mori-Tanaka approach to calculate the effective moduli of particle-reinforced composites and fiber-reinforced composites with spring-like imperfect interfaces. By a comparison between these results and those obtained from the approximate Mori-Tanaka method developed by Qu for composites with slightly weakened interface, the validity of the Qu's method is revealed.


ACTs is one of the major courses in the Bachelor program of Navigation. Each student must acquire a certain set of knowledge and skills that they can apply in their work. This requires complementing the training with a certain set of visualizations for better presentation of the material studied and the use of practical lessons in a real environment, which requires the development of an additional accessible course allowing the achievement of the objectives. In modern training, such an approach has required e-learning support on an online platform using simulation visualizations of the basics.


AbstractSpontaneous fission sources of 252Cf, lightly encapsulated and with neutron source strengths approaching 1010 n/s, have been developed especially for integral cross-section measurements and neutron reaction rate calibrations. An irradiation facility at the National Bureau of Standards makes use of these sources in two well-investigated geometries. A free-field neutron flux in the range of 107 n/(cm2 s) (105 n/mm2 · s) and fluences of up to 1013 n/cm2 (1011 n/mm2) are established at the facility based only on a distance measurement and the absolute source strength of the national standard Ra-Be photoneutron source. The error in the 252Cf source strength (±1.1%) dominates the total free-field flux uncertainty of ±1.4% (1σ). Neutron scattering effects in the source capsule and support structures and neutron return from concrete and earth boundaries have been calculated and investigated experimentally. In the worst case, they contribute ±0.7% to the total flux response uncertainty for all observed neu...


Background : Motherhood is a joyous experience in the life of every woman. A woman's identity is often defined by her ability to bear children in communities where motherhood is greatly valued. However, transition to motherhood comes with the demand of increasing responsibilities. This study therefore explored the challenges and coping mechanisms employed by first-time Ghanaian mothers to meet the demand of motherhood. Methods and findings : This paper employed a qualitative study design through in-depth face-to-face interviews with 15 first-time mothers at 12 months postpartum. First-time mothers identified motherhood challenges such as difficulty combining mothering and work-family dilemma and having sleepless nights. Two themes emerged as coping strategies used by first-time mothers; these include obtaining support from parents, family relatives, external sources and self-designed coping strategies. Conclusion: The paper concludes that health care providers and policy makers need to fashion out culturally capable maternal coping strategies to supplement those been practised by first-time mothers. Keywords: Early Motherhood, copying strategies, first-time mothers


The study arises from investigations on the meaning of participation in the community context, in the Water Technical Boards from  "Las Brisas del Paraiso", located at the Cota 905, of the Libertador municipality, in Caracas;  and the Water Technical Boards from "Las Juanas" located at Juan de Villegas of the Iribarren municipality, in Barquisimeto, Lara State. The objective of the study is to know the meaning of participation in the community context. Also, new questions are presented such as: Are the Water Technical Boards (WTBs) a factor in the development of participatory democracy? Does the communication among the members of these movements favor the conscious use of water resources? Participation in WTBs is activated due to: the high cost of water, the unequal distribution of resources in the country, an intense process of exclusion, the advance of poverty and inequality. For the year 2012, 8,409 WTBs are counted in Venezuela, developing 1,501 projects, with a completed execution of 74.4%, while 25.6% are in the process of being executed. When calibrating the possibilities for participatory democracy offered by the WTBs, it is necessary to consider, among other aspects, the improvements in infrastructure that occur through the implementation of the projects they execute, since more than 2.8 million inhabitants get benefit from this initiative.


The increase of the surface resistance of oversized circular waveguides has been accurately evaluated at millimeter wavelengths by measuring attenuations of TE/sub 0n/ modes. The ratios of the effective resistances to the ideal resistances of the wall were found to be 1.27, 1.42, and 1.54 at 40, 60, and 80 GHz, respectively.


Our current understanding of migratory strategies and the reasons for their high variability along the phylogenetic tree remains relatively poor. Most of the hypotheses relating to migration have been formulated for terrestrial taxa; classically, oceanic migrations were considered as merely dispersive because of the scarcity of observations in the open ocean. We describe for the first time, the migration strategy of a small seabird, the Bulwer's petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), and provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of long‐distance marine migrations.


The paper seeks to measure wealth distribution in the agricultural colonies of Santa Fe Province, Argentina from the 1860s to the 1880s. Santa Fe province is located in the Pampean region, an area of fertile plains and the source of Argentina's agricultural and economic development in the nineteenth century. Using records from the contribucion directa (a provincial tax on the individual wealth of each contributor) for fiscal years 1864, 1867, 1868 and 1875 (supplemented with records of the National Census of 1869), we analyze the evolution of the spatial distribution of wealth in the older colonies and compare that variable with the satellite colonies that began to appear in the late 1860s. The goal is to show the unique patterns by which the colonization process led to changes in farm and land productivity.


With an emphasis on experimental observations, we review the state of the art in the area of optical spatial solitons in unbiased nematic liquid crystals, outlining their basic and applied features and discussing recent results, including soliton interaction with curved surfaces and observation of dynamical instability of two counterpropagating solitons.


Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis infection, characterized by a dysregulated immune response that frequently leads to neurological injury and death despite the best available treatment. The mechanisms driving the inflammatory response in TBM are not well understood. To gain insights into these mechanisms we used a lipid mediator profiling approach to investigate the regulation of a novel group of host protective mediators, termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adults with TBM enrolled into a randomised placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aspirin treatment. We found distinct lipid mediator profiles with increasing disease severity, changes that were linked with an upregulation of inflammatory eicosanoids in patients with severe TBM and a decrease in the production of a number of 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5)-derived SPM. CSF pro-resolving mediator concentrations were also associated with 80-day survival. In survivors, we found a significant increase in pro-resolving mediator concentrations, including the ALOX5-derived resolvin (Rv)T2, RvT4 and 15-epi-Lipoxin (LX)B4, compared to those who died. Aspirin administration increased the ratio of pro-resolving to pro-inflammatory mediators decreasing the concentrations of the prothrombic mediator TxA2, changes that were linked with early reductions in brain infarcts and deaths. Together, these findings identify a CSF SPM signature that is associated with disease severity and 80-day mortality in TBM. Furthermore, the therapeutic manipulation of the ratio between pro-resolving mediators and pro-inflammatory/thrombogenic mediators in the CSF, by aspirin for example, offers a novel treatment strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by TBM. Authors Summary Infections of the brain and the meninges by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) lead to severe inflammation and are associated with poor outcomes. The mechanisms leading to this disease remain poorly defined. Herein, we investigated how M. tb infection regulates the concentrations of specialized pro-resolving mediators that are central in controlling the body's ability to clear infections. In these investigations, we found that disease survival was linked with increased concentrations of a number of these protective molecules including resolvins and lipoxins. Treatment of M. tb-infected patients with aspirin decreased the production of the immunosuppressive and thrombogenic mediator thromboxane A2 improving the balance between protective and inflammatory molecules. Of note, these changes were linked with reduced disease severity and improved survival. Therefore, the present findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for pro-resolving mediators in TBM pathogenesis.


A national movement for assessment in higher eduation gained momentum through the 1980s in the wake of mounting criticism of American colleges and universities. Accountability was in the wind as six national advisory commissions called for evidence of results from institutions that had long assumed general public support.' State legislaturesandtheirsurmgatebodiimovedquickly to respond. By 1987 two thirds of the states had formal assessment initiatives under way and three-fourths were at least discussing the issue? In 1988, then Secretary of Education William Bennett set documentation of eduational achievements as a condition for federal recognition of regional accrediting agencies. Implicit in the new regulations was the threat of withdrawal of federal funding from agencies and institutions that could not prove in some 'verifuble and consistent ways" what they previously had considered self evident? Assessment takes a variety of forms, including statewide testing programs, institutional examinations for entering freshmen and graduating seniors, measurements of retention, job placement, attendance, tests within programs and majors, and various combinations. Besides gaining federal sup port, institutions and programs demonstrating positive results have obtained funds based on the attainment of stated objectives as well as greater state support for internal reforms and centers of excelknce.' In some cases, institutions have been warned that if they fail to prove results, money will be withheld.5 Although about two thirds of the college administrators responding to one survey said they believed most faculty support the development of some type of assessment procedures, a litany of objections also has been raised. Ewell contended that many institutions have a "compliance mentality" a search for a safe set of minimal testing activities rather than creative use of assessment results. Most administrators in a five-state study of assessment activities feared that assessment "was only the opening gambit of a numbersoriented statewide accountability plan.* One state academic officer quoted in the study said: "Legislators see a test as a concrete solution. They can put their arms around it and feel it, just like a new building."' But Ewell also argued that, for the most part, 'externally mandated assessment requirements have not exhibited the Neanderthal measurement mentality that many initially feared." Hutchings argued that assessment in academic majors as opposed to more general measures of performance offers the best prospeas for meaningful results. She attributed this to a greater potential for consensus about what students should know and clearer connections to curriculum.9 Journalism and mass communication educators have been slow to respond to the assessment movement. Parrar observed that


This paper explores the dynamic relations between two indices of Romanian stock markets: BET and RASDAQ-C. The results of our analysis indicate a cointegration relation between the two variables. A Vector Autoregression model revealed weak interactions between the two indices. We find evidence of an unidirectional causality from BET to RASDAQ-C.


The relationships between nicotine content and the contents of medium and trace elements in flue-cured tobacco leaves from different stalk positions were analyzed with descriptive statistics analysis,stepwise regression analysis and path analysis.The tobacco was cultivated with the same cultural practices at twelve counties in seven main tobacco-growing provinces.The results indicated that the contents of medium and trace element and nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves from different stalk positions were of medium degree of variation.The variation of Mn content among different areas was the largest in all the tested medium and trace elements,while that of P content was the smallest.Among leaves from different stalk positions,the variation of nicotine content in lower leaves was relatively larger.The elements in the order of direct effect influencing nicotine content in lower leaves were SiCuCaZnB,in middle and upper leaves were PFeCuMoB and SiFeCaCuB,respectively.Because of the interactions among medium and trace elements,their combined influences on nicotine content in leaves from different positions presented many variations.To reduce nicotine content in tobacco leaves by regulating the contents of medium and trace element,proper measures should be taken to leaves from each position: focusing on increasing the contents of Si,Ca and Cu for upper leaves;decreasing B and Fe contents and raising Mo content for middle leaves;reducing B content and increasing Zn and Cu contents for lower leaves.


Six new records of the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas from five different river basins of Sumatra, Indonesia, were reported as a result of captures by artisanal and recreational fishers, including records from rivers of northern and western Sumatra for the first time. These findings may higlight the importance of Sumatran river basins for the reproduction of this threatened species in Indonesian waters. Inland records of C. leucas in Southeast Asia and in particular Indonesia are scarce but important for nature conservation purposes and sustainable future fishery management.


Record performance of a novel power transistor integrated in a 0.35 μm power IC technology is reported. Measured specific on-state resistance of 33 mOhm*mm2 for a 94 V breakdown is breaking the silicon-limit and is the lowest reported value to date. The device outperforms its nearest rival by a factor of 2.5. The device consists of the stacking of a vertical MOS on a fully depleted vertical drift layer, leading to a high cell density


In this paper, we consider the case where electrons, magnetic monopoles and dyons become massless. Here, we consider the ${\mathcal{N}} = 2$ supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theories with classical gauge groups with a rank r, SU(r+1), SO(2r), Sp(2r) and SO(2r+1) which are studied by Riemann surfaces called Seiberg–Witten curves. We discuss physical singularity associated with massless particles, which can be studied by geometric singularity of vanishing 1-cycles in Riemann surfaces in hyperelliptic form. We pay particular attention to the cases where mutually nonlocal states become massless (Argyres–Douglas theories), which corresponds to Riemann surfaces degenerating into cusps. We discuss nontrivial topology on the moduli space of the theory, which is reflected as monodromy associated to vanishing 1-cycles. We observe how dyon charges get changed as we move around and through singularity in moduli space.


This master thesis in social anthropology, is based on fieldwork, conducted in the peruvian village Andamarca, in the region of Ayacucho, from February to April 2018. I have studied the special kind of folk music, called huayno, in order to establish its role in the local community. The inhabitants find themselves living in a vulnerable state, based on a violent history and political oppression. Their sufferings and vulnerability are expressed through the huayno music, which has the ability to create an atmosphere of sorrow and grief. This music represents a resilience strategy, through which their sufferings are alleviated. The huayno music has been practiced historically by their ancestors, and is described emically as being unique to the region of Ayacucho. The historical continuity and the uniqueness of this special kind of music, manifest their ethnic identity, hereby giving meaning to their sufferings. (Less)


AIMS
This study investigates whether work-related respiratory symptoms and acute falls in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), previously observed in current welders, are related to measured workplace exposures to total fume and metals.

METHODS
At four work sites in New Zealand, changes in pulmonary function (and reported respiratory symptoms) were recorded in 49 welding workers (and 26 non-welders) exposed to welding fume. We also determined the personal breathing zone levels of total fume and various metals.

RESULTS
Work-related respiratory symptoms were reported by 26.5% of welders and 11.5% of non-welders. These symptoms were related significantly to their personal breathing zone nickel exposure--with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval [CI] of the high exposure group (compared to a low exposure group of 7.0 [1.3-36.6]). There were non-significant associations with total fume exposure (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 0.6-12.2), and exposure index of greater than 10 years (OR=2.8, 95% CI 0.5-15.0). A fall in FEV1 of at least 5% after 15 minutes of work was significantly associated with aluminium exposure (OR=5.8, 95% CI 1.7-20.6).

CONCLUSIONS
Nickel exposure from metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is associated with work-related respiratory symptoms and aluminium exposure from welding is associated with a fall in FEV1 of at least 5 % after 15 minutes of work.


The approach to diagnosing peritoneal tuberculosis in patients is complex and often overlaps with other obstetric and gynecologic diseases. A 27-year-old woman with complaints of abdominal mass went to the DOTS clinic after surgical removal of an ovarian mass. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological abdominal CT scans showed a picture of tuberculosis. The patient was then treated with a TB regimen and as a result his clinical condition improved and the mass shrank.


On the afternoon of 11th July 2000, a funny thing happened in Newtown, Johannesburg. An artistic event, staged during the international Urban Futures conference and aimed at 'interrogating the spaces left behind after Apartheid', found itself derailed by a strong gust of wind – and in the process, revealed something of the unpredictability and heterogeneity of the hosting city. The event 'Under Heaven (Alien/Native)', orchestrated by Marlaine Tosoni, was to see delegates attending conference proceedings in the imposing Electric Workshop building, bombarded during their tea break by 1 500 postcards from a small aeroplane, flying three hundred meters above their heads. But the wind, at four o'clock on that crisp winter's day, was to decide otherwise and propelled the postcards a couple of blocks east, to the adjacent business district. Arguably the most poetic and spectacular event of the conference went by, unnoticed. A couple of minutes later, a group of street children descended on the delegation from Diagonal Street, selling for R5 each (less than 1 Euro) the handfuls of Alien/Native postcards they had picked up on the street. Commenting on the episode, Johannesburg–based artist and curator Stephen Hoobs remarked how 'a project whose original meaning was about citizenship and xenophobia became about an unearthing of very real social and economic needs identifiable at ground level. [...] Effectively, the city had redefined the meaning that Tosoni had intended for her work'. The poignant irony in such re-appropriation of ethereal images by some of Johannesburg's most vulnerable inner city residents was hopefully not lost on the delegates of this multinational urban gathering, aimed at evaluating sustainable urban growth in the context of rapid globalisation. No doubt, it served as a stark reminder of the challenges facing their fraternity in this 'urban century' (UNCHS 2001). But more subtly perhaps, it hinted at the difficulties of planning for, acting in, and making sense of, this 'axiomatic 21 century city' (Beall, Crankshaw, and Parnell 2002). For in Johannesburg, as in other cities of the South (and of the North!), all is not necessarily what it seems, and there, as elsewhere, the city appears ultimately to find ways of impressing its own reality on any visions and hopes of a different urban future. It is to these shadowy spaces, these spaces of in-between, and the hybrid apertures that emanate from them, that I want to bring attention to in this paper. As urban regeneration gets underway in the inner city of Johannesburg under the banner of metropolitan 'African WorldClass City' ambitions (GJMC 2001), I argue that the future of the inner city remains a complex, ambiguous and uncertain outcome. Prestige projects, slum-clearings and broader attempts at formalising the informal in an attempt to 'extract value from the city' (Weber


The structure of left filial algebras over fields is studied. Roughly speaking, these are algebras in which the relation "being a left ideal" is transitive. It is shown that semiprime algebras are left filial if and only if they are strongly regular and that prime radical algebras are left filial if and only if they are H-algebras, i.e., algebras in which all subalgebras are ideals. In the general case structure theorems describing left filial algebras are obtained. They make it possible to get a complete classification of finite dimensional left filial algebras over some fields.


The article analyzes the concept of "human factor", considers the characteristics of the human factor and the mechanisms for implementing the chain of undesirable events generated by the influence of the human factor on the production and technological process, presents the mechanism for implementing the negative impact of the human factor in decision-making in the field of labor protection, also the development of a chain of negative phenomena. It is shown that the effective functioning of OSH management systems in construction organizations can be ensured by an effective risk management system, the main link of which, in turn, is the education system for workers, which considers the continuous training of a person on safety and labor protection at all stages of his professional growth, education and training.


Background. Rates of depression have increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. One known protective factor for depression is social support, but more work is needed to quantify the extent to which social support can reduce depression risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, and specifically to identify which types of support are most helpful during a pandemic, and who might benefit most. Methods. Data were obtained from participants in the All of Us Research Program who responded to the COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey administered monthly from May 2020 to July 2020 (N=69,066, 66% female). Social support was assessed using 10 items from the RAND Medical Outcome Study (MOS) Social Support Survey which measures emotional/informational support (e.g., someone to confide in or talk to about yourself or your problems), positive social interaction support (e.g., someone to do things with to help you get your mind off things), and tangible support (e.g., someone to help with daily chores if sick). Elevated depression symptoms were defined based on having a moderate-to-severe ([≥]10) score on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to separately test the association between overall social support and its subtypes with depression, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. We then tested interactions between social support and effect modifiers: age, sex, pre-pandemic mood disorder, and pandemic-related stressors (e.g., financial insecurity). Results. Approximately 16% of the sample experienced elevated depressive symptoms. Overall social support was associated with significantly reduced odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio, aOR [95% CI]=0.44 [0.42-0.45]). Among subtypes, emotional/informational support (aOR=0.42 [0.41-0.43]) and positive social interactions (aOR=0.43 [0.41-0.44]) showed the largest protective associations with depression, followed by tangible support (aOR=0.63 [0.61-0.65]). Sex, age, and pandemic-related financial stressors were statistically significant modifiers of the association between social support and depression. Conclusions. Individuals reporting higher levels of social support were at reduced risk of depression during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The perceived availability of emotional support and positive social interactions, more so than tangible support, was key. Individuals more vulnerable to depression (e.g., women, younger individuals, and those experiencing financial stressors) may particularly benefit from enhanced social support, supporting a precision prevention approach.


In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), routing is the process of finding a
 cost effective route in terms of power consumption. As an evaluation
 criterion for the WSN performance, network lifetime is directly affected by
 the routing method. In a wide variety of WSNs, different techniques are used
 as routing methods, such as shortest distance path. In this paper, we
 propose a novel algorithm, optimizing power consumption in WSN nodes, based
 on the shortest path algorithm. In this approach, the energy level of nodes
 and their geographical distance from each other contribute to the weight of
 the connecting path. The proposed algorithm is used as a data dissemination
 method in WSNs with randomly scattered nodes. We also apply Dijkstra?s
 shortest path algorithm to the same networks. The results showed that the
 proposed algorithm increases the network lifetime up to 30 % by preventing
 nodes with low charge levels from early disconnection.


The gain achieved in an eight-pass amplifier with a stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror was up to 3 × 105 for nanosecond pulses with an input energy of ~ 10 μJ.


The characteristics of fishery science database in China were introduced,and the problems were analyzed.Then the development trend of fishery science database was discussed.


Since the initial outbreak of Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the epidemic has rapidly spread worldwide and turned into a pandemic. Updated data until 30th May 2020, there were 216 countries involved with more than 8,525,000 confirmed cases and 456,900 deaths1. Although the direct clinical effect of COVID-19 on bone was not quantified, linked to previous studies on the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, we write to express our speculation and concerns with the effect of COVID-19 on the bone. Our speculation of COVID-19 infection may affect the skeletal system through multiple mechanisms (Figure 1). First, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may induce bone resorption. ACE2 is a receptor for the spike glycoprotein of the COVID-19 based on the high degree homology of the receptor-binding domain between the COVID-19 and SARS-CoV2. Also, ACE2 is a pivotal enzyme of renin angiotensin system (RAS) which catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1-7), then targets to MasR. Latest study revealed that ACE2 and MasR were also expressed by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, meanwhile, the activation of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis could reduce the bone resorptive milieu by inhibited the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)3. Therefore, when COVID-19 targets to ACE2, the ACE2 expression was downregulated, thus the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR cascade was attenuated and the bone homeostasis turned to unbalanced, resulting in accelerating both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis process. Second, inflammatory factors and cytokines storm may be a vital reason for bone loss. High amount of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α were detected in patients infected with COVID-19, especially those who required ICU admission4. These factors may play a role in different aspects of the osteoclastogenic pathway from osteoclast formation to enhance bone resorptive capacity via RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling. Hence, if the acute high concentration of cytokines induced by COVID-19 was not controlled completely and turned into chronic status, these inflammatory cytokines may recruit osteoclasts, trigger bone loss and resist bone formation. Third, immunosuppression also contributes to bone destruction. Under the infection of COVID-19, the immune system was attacked followed with reduction of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, mainly T cells and B cells. In such a situation, T cells were activated and differentiated into Th17 cells, which produced IL-17 and upregulated RANKL to facilitate osteoclast differentiation that degraded the bone matrix, leading to bone destruction5. In addition, hypoxaemia was common to see in COVID-19 infected patients who demanded for high-level oxygen support with ICU care4. The production of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine was stimulated and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was inhibited mediated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) under the circumstance of hypoxia. Moreover, the acidosis followed hypoxia upregulated RANKL and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), acting to facilitate osteoclast formation and bone destruction6. In terms of COVID-19 infected patients with severe illness, corticosteroids were frequently used to treat for hyperinflammation and immunosuppression as previous pandemics (2002 SARS-CoV and 2012 MERS-CoV), although the corticosteroids might delay viral clearance and deteriorate lung injury7. In addition, it's well known that utilization of corticosteroids may show negative effect on bone mass which tend to elevate levels of RANKL and M-CSF while reducing OPG levels, leading to promote osteoclastic activity and bone resorption. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2020; 24: 10316-10318


Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a commonly used method in radio communication. Compared with analog AM, Digital AM (DAM) has the advantage of higher accuracy and better controllability. This article is dedicated to the analysis of the key issues in the implementation of DAM and its corresponding parameters based on the theories of amplitude modulation while carrying out simulations using Matlab, whereas the test results conform to the requirement of the design. At last, the article concludes with a DDS based DAM implementation based on the test results, which have proved the design to be correct that the waveforms are stable and have certain use value.


Tackling the complexity and inefficiency in the system design of spaceborne terrain observation by progressive scans(TOPSAR) mode,this paper analyses some beam position design problems unattended before,including the variation of azimuth resolution with slant-range,the effects on azimuth ambiguity to the signal ratio(AASR) of antenna pattern grating lobes introduced by beam steering,and the relationship between timeline and observation efficiency.Then a novel system beamposition design method is presented based on the linear flow,in which the selection of pulse repetition frequency is optimized according to the required AASR.The proposed method adds freedom and avoids iteration,thus improving the efficiency of system design.Finally,the validity of the method is justified by simulation results.


Operating shared resource laboratories (SRLs) in times of pandemic is a challenge for research institutions. In a multiuser, high‐turnover working space, the transmission of infectious agents is difficult to control. To address this challenge, imaging core facility managers being members of German BioImaging discussed how shared microscopes could be operated with minimal risk of spreading SARS‐CoV‐2 between users and staff. Here, we describe the resulting guidelines and explain their rationale, with a focus on separating users in space and time, protective face masks, and keeping surfaces virus‐free. These recommendations may prove useful for other types of SRLs. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.


In the English teaching practice, we must adopt diversified teaching methods to improve our teaching, we must use diversified teaching measures to arouse students' intention, and we should build harmonious and equal relations between teachers and students.


We investigate dimensionality reduction methods from the perspective of their ability to produce a low-rank customer-product matrix representation. We analyze the results of using collaborative filtering based on SVD, RI, Reflective Random Indexing (RRI) and Randomized Singular Value Decomposition (RSVD) from the perspective of selected algebraic (i.e. application-independent) properties. We show that the Frobenius-norm optimality of SVD does not correspond to the optimal recommendation accuracy, when measured in terms of F1. On the other hand, a high collaborative filtering quality is achievable when a matrix decomposition - based on a combination of RRI and SVD referred to as RSVD-RRI - leads to increased diversity of low-dimensional eigenvectors. The diversity is observable from the perspective of cosine similarities analyzed in comparison to the analogical case of SVD. Such a feature is more desirable than the fidelity of the input matrix spectrum representation, despite the MSE-optimality of SVD.


Now it is recognized that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), along with certain other purine and pyrimidine compounds is capable to regulate many intracellular processes by affecting specific receptors - P2-receptors. These receptors are widely distributed in the organs and tissues of humans and animals. It has been shown that P2-receptors are involved in the vascular tone maintenance, nerve transmission modulation, hemostasis regulation and functions of many internal organs. P2-receptors wide variety and broad representation makes them very attractive as potential targets for new drugs with the original mechanism of action. About 20 years ago in the Kazan State Medical University laboratory was created and research group on studying the fundamental and applied aspects of the P2-receptors was formed. Professor A.U. Ziganshin, a disciple and colleague of professor G. Burnstock, leads this group. In this article, an overview of research carried out by the author or under his supervision over the past two decades to study the physiological and pathophysiological role of P2-receptors in humans and animals, as well as the evaluation of these receptors as potential targets for action of new drugs, is given. In particular, it describes the work to identify new and effective P2-receptors antagonists, the role and characteristics of ecto-ATPase activity in different tissues are described, an overview of studies to assess the unique hypersensitivity of P2-receptors at low temperatures is given. Also studies on assessing the presence and functional role of P2-receptors in the pregnant human uterus, inflamed fallopian tubes, various blood vessels are presented in summary form. Obviously, due to the growing interest of many pharmaceutical companies to this area, in the near future we can expect new drugs, which are P2-receptors agonists or antagonists and are effective in treatment of various human diseases.


This bachelor work is devoted to analyses influence transport on environment. It is divided into the four of the main chapters. In the first part I deal with contemporary state environment, owing to business and road transport, that's the biggest contaminator. After it I outline main adverse effect transport. In the second part I more closely specify individual influence transport on environment. In the consequential chapter I set up improvement suggestion to the future. At the close all piece of knowledge are summary.


This study investigates negative campaigning and issue preferences as reflected in the use of Twitter posts
released during the 2011-2012 presidential primaries. Negative political campaigning and policy-centered voting
have become more prevalent in recent years, especially with the advent of the Internet and the subsequent increase in media sources such as blogs and social media platforms. Because voters use the Internet more than ever, it is important to study the types of material candidates disseminate to the public and the degree of negativity included in such content. Findings indicate that runner-up candidates were not more likely to use negativity in tweets in our sample.


The New Level Mine Project (NLMP) underground expansion represents the future of the El Teniente mines in Rancagua, Chile. With the expansion, the daily production rate is expected to be between 137 ktpd and a maximum of 180 ktpd, with production planned to start in the end of 2017 or early 2018. The airflow requirements of the project have been estimated in the range of 4,000 m³/s when reaching the end of the ramp up, shortly after the year 2025 for 137 ktpd. In order to deliver such volume of fresh airflow the NLMP is considering the construction of several parallel adits for intake and exhaust that will allow the circulation of the required volume. The adits are considered to be built over the upcoming years, with the first pair of adits being under construction, at a cross-sectional area of 7 × 7 m. Currently, the NLMP is considering the possibility of using larger cross-sections which have not been built before at El Teniente. This paper presents a theoretical exercise developed to determine the optimum number of adits and cross-sectional area to circulate the required airflow, assuming a symmetrical condition and concentrating only in the optimisation of the intake adits. The theoretical exercise consists of expanding the initial development of a single airway economic cross-sectional area into multiple airways economic cross-sectional area based on developing a trade-off between the capital and operational (energy) costs. As the initial development, the approach found in the literature consists of finding the economical balance point between the capital or development cost and the operational or energy cost. The results are presented and discussed with the recommendation made to the NLMP, which is being considered for the detailed engineering phase.


This paper deals with the air-permeability of concrete cover and its relation to carbonation resistance for Japanese concretes. First, a comparative study was performed with three kinds of air-permeability testers (the single-chamber method, Figg's intrusive method and the Torrent permeability tester), and their capabilities to differentiate the qualities of concretes were examined using six different concrete specimens. Second, the classifications of airpermeability based on the RILEM TC 116-PCD method and the Torrent permeability tester (TPT) method were compared for Japanese concretes. Also, threshold values of the singlechamber method and Figg's intrusive methods were proposed. Finally, these testers were used to conduct on-site assessment to investigate the air-permeability of full-scale reinforced concrete walls.


We are investigating the application of robotic and automation technology to assist in stroke rehabilitation. Cerebral vascular accident (stroke) annually affects over a quarter of a million people in the U.S. and is the most common diagnosis of patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. Current therapeutic practices are labor intensive and consist of a series of individualized sensory-motor exercise routines conducted in one-on-one sessions between the patient and the therapist. Whether this individualized sensory-motor therapy is important for a patient's functional recovery remains controversial. Our effort have been concentrated on a) evaluating the safety and acceptability of robots in a clinical setting; b) evaluating the effectiveness of robot-aided neuro-rehabilitation; c) increasing our understanding of the process of post-traumatic recovery of sensory-motor function. Preliminary results of the pilot clinical trial can be found elsewhere [2][3].


Lately, the study of prefrontal executive functions in grade scholars has noticeably increased. The aim RIWKLVVWXG\�LVWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHLQ?XHQFHRIDJH� and socioeconomic status ( SES) on executive tasks performance and to analyze those socioeconomic variables that predict a better execution. A sample of 254 children aged between 7 and 12 years from the city of Santa Fe, Argentina and belonging to different socioeconomic status were tested. A bat ⴀ tery of executive functions sensitive to prefrontal function was used to obtain the results. These in ⴀ GLFDWHDVLJQLoFDQWLQ?XHQFHRIDJHDQG�6(6�RQ� executive functions. The cognitive patterns follow a different path according to the development and SES effect. Besides, it is revealed a pattern of low cognitive functioning in low ⴀ SES children in all executive functions. Finally, from the variables included in this study, it was found that only the educational level of the mother and the housing conditions are associated to the children's executive


No satisfactory definition of Dominium in Roman Law has yet been achieved. Amongst English writers Austin many years ago found great difficulty in this question while in modern times Professor Buckland has written 'it is thus difficult to define Dominium precisely.' Again, Poste, dealing with Gaius' discussion of dominium, says that his opening statements are 'deplorably confused.' These examples are enough to indicate the condition, of uncertainty which prevails. In my submission this uncertainty exists mainly because the conception of ususfructus has never yet been explained adequately. Of Possessio it has been said 'the definition of Possessio to give the results outlined is a matter of great difficulty. No perfectly correct solution may be possible,' and this statement is generally accepted as a correct assessment of the present position in juristic literature. But here, too, in my opinion, the reason is again connected with usufruct, for the possessio of the usufructuary has not yet been adequately determined. Gaius (2.93) tells us 'usufructuarius vero usucapere non potest; primuum quod non possidet, sed habet ius utendi et fruendi.' Ulpian holds that he had possessio in fact ('Naturaliter videtur possidere is qui usum fructum habet' D.41.2.12). On this subject Roby says 'the fructuary was not strictly a possessor and therefore if he was deprived from enjoying he had not a claim to the original interdict de vi but in virtue of his quasi-possessio a special interdict was granted him.' Austin saw difficulty in the whole problem of possessio. He wrote 'by Savigny in his treatise on possessio it is remarked that the possessio of a right of usufruct … resembles the possessio of a thing, by the proprietor, or by an adverse possessor exercising rights of property over the thing. And that a disturbance of the one possession resembles the disturbance of the other. Now this must happen for the reason I have already stated:—namely, that the right of usufruct or user, like that of property, is indefinite in point of user. For what is possession (meaning legal possession not mere physical handling of the subject) but the exercise of a right ?'


The transfer matrix and unsteady cavitation characteristics, cavitation compliance and mass flow gain factor, of cavitating inducer were evaluated by CFD using commercial software. Quasi-steady values of cavitation compliance and mass flow gain factor were obtained first by using steady calculations at various flow rate and inlet cavitation number. Then unsteady calculations were made to determine the transfer matrix and the cavitation characteristics. The results are compared with experiments to show the validity of calculations.


Gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in detecting liver metastases from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the long examination time limits its utility in the initial workup of patients with PDAC.


So this is what it has come down to. The great debate of the History Wars is no longer about whether Australia was invaded or settled, whether the Aborigines resisted or acquiesced, whether they died from guns or germs, whether academic historians made inadvertent errors or deliberate fabrications, nor about the character of the nation or the corruption of the humanities.


Objective: To determine the rate and risk factors for episiotomies at King Hussein medical center Jordan-Amman. Methods: This was a record review study conducted at King Hussein medical centre during a 12month period between January 2013 and January 2014 on all women who had vaginal deliveries of a term alive single fetus in cephalic presentation. Information on age, parity, mode of vaginal delivery, birth weight of the newborn, and episiotomy rate, were recorded. Simple descriptive statistics, (Frequency and percentage), were used to describe the variables. Results: The episiotomy rate was 52% in our hospital. The most common indications were nulliparous, instrumental deliveries, rigid perineum, fetal weight above 3,500 g, and prolonged second stage of labor. Conclusion: The episiotomy rate is high at our hospital (52%) in the face of current evidence based literature that supports restricted use of episiotomy. Nulliparity and instrumental deliveries appear to be the risk factors for episiotomy.


The authors describe the fundamental principles of the CIK and summarize the results of an experimental study of a proof-of-principle (POP) version of the device. the CIK is a microwave amplifier which utilizes circular orbit effects to strongly bunch electrons. The CIK has several important features which make it an attractive source, including high efficiency, a compact geometry, a very modest magnetic field requirement, and the potential to achieve ultra-high power levels. The experimental results are quite encouraging, given the limited beam quality and other constraints of the prototype device. The experiments have validated many of the theoretical predictions, such as the scaling of gain with beam energy and the advantage of alternating-field focusing and have provided strong evidence that the negative-mass instability is responsible for the observed gain. The observed frequency and phase stability of the output indicate that the CIK is a viable amplifier.<<ETX>>


We report the conditions (plasma parameters) under which the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (RTI) develops in an Al plasma produced by a Nd:Yag pulsed laser with a fluence range of 1 to 4 J/cm2, wavelength of 1064nm and 10Hz repetition rate. The used data correspond to different pressure values of the ambient N atmosphere. From previous works, we took the RTI growth rate form as From the perturbation theory the instability amplitude is proportional to e−ηt. Using the drag model, we calculated the plume dynamics equations integrating the instability term and plotted the instability growth profile with the delay time values to get critical numbers for it, in order to show under which conditions the RTI appears.


Some phenothiazine derivative dyes and triphenylmethane dyes doped into water-swollen gelatin matrices were studied with respect to their ability of thick hologram formation with a low power conventional HeNe laser source. The highest light diffraction efficiencies measured in a self-diffraction experiment were obtained for the well known methylene blue dye but also for other dyes related to it: Giemsa and May-Grunwald stains. For the first time to our knowledge hologram formation abilities were found for crystal violet and brilliant blue dyes in water-swollen gelatin.


ABSTRACT The political theology of Rev. John Witherspoon (1723–1794) had a profound impact on the development of ideas on religion and government during the Founding Period as a prominent educator, clergyman, and signatory of the Declaration of Independence. This paper uncovers the far-reaching impact of Witherspoon's political theology during America's struggle for independence. Witherspoon shaped the views on religious liberty of his prominent students and colleagues including James Madison and Benjamin Rush. Witherspoon's understanding of religious liberty was shaped by his view that the government should encourage popular piety through moral education while avoiding sectarian religious establishments.


To the native English speaker, the operations of connected speech and its ensuing rhythm are crucial aspects of Spoken English, especially in relation to intelligibility, yet most learners and users of English as a second language find it difficult to employ the characteristic English rhythm despite their skilful use of English vocabulary and grammatically correct constructions. Part of the difficulty, may be traced to ignorance of connected speech patterns of the English language. Although some attention is given to related areas like word


In a watershed one of the most important data is recharge because it is the main groundwater supply. Recharge is however, a difficult parameter to calculate due to its variability. The objective of this study is to propose a method of identifying potential recharge zone which is applicable to large watersheds. The study area is the N'zo watershed located in the West of Cote d'Ivoire. It covers an area of 4,300 km2 . The water supply of the population is essentially ensured by the fractured aquifers which are the regional aquifers.The data used in this study are classified in two groups1) the cartographic data are composed of geological soil and drainage maps; and 2) data from remote sensing which consist of slope, land use and fractures maps. These data are combined through a multi-criteria analysis to facilitate spatial analysis and identification of potential recharge areas. The results indicate that potential areas of high recharge account for about 20% of the total watershed area. They are mainly located in the south and center and appear fragmented in the north of the watershed.


Background Incidences of colon and rectal cancers have been parallelly and constantly increased, however, the mortality has been slightly decreased due to early diagnosis and better therapies during the last decades. Precise early diagnosis for colorectal cancer has been a great challenge in order to win chances for the best choices of cancer therapies. Patients and methods We have started with searching protein biomarkers based on our colorectal biomarker database (CBD), finding differential expressed genes (GEGs) and non-DEGs from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, and further predicted new biomarkers on protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks by machine learning (ML) methods. The best-selected biomarker was further verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test from microarray and RNA-seq data, biological network and functional analysis, and immunohistochemistry in the tissue arrays from 198 specimens. Results There were twelve proteins (MYO5A, CHGA, MAPK13, VDAC1, CCNA2, YWHAZ, CDK5, GNB3, CAMK2G, MAPK10, SDC2, and ADCY5) which were predicted by ML as colon cancer candidate diagnosis biomarkers. These predicted biomarkers showed close relationships with reported biomarkers on PPI network and shared some pathways. ROC test showed CHGA protein with the best diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.9 in microarray data and 0.995 in RNA-seq data) among these candidate protein biomarkers. Furthermore, CHGA performed well in the immunohistochemistry test. Conclusions Protein expression of CHGA in the normal colorectal mucosa was lost in the colorectal cancers and the lose of CHGA protein might be a potential candidate biomarker for colon or even colorectal cancer diagnosis.


The primary phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant studies were performed on methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous leaf extracts of Toddalia asiatica. The antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Evaluation showed high phenol content and methanolic extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was increased with the increasing concentration. The highest radical scavenging effect was observed with IC50 = 36μg/ml. The greater amount of phenolic compounds leads to more potent radical scavenging effect as shown by Toddalia asiatica leaf extract. The results concluded that the plant has potential source of antioxidants of natural origin, augmenting its therapeutic value.


Discovering disease-associated proteins in the human Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network is an important problem. Several algorithms have been proposed to discover these proteins from an initial set of known disease-associated proteins. A majority of these algorithms depend on the connectedness of disease-associated proteins in the PPI network. In this paper, We performed an experimental study to understand the interaction between disease-associated proteins and their neighbors. We observe that most disease-associated proteins have common neighbors in the PPI network. We performed comparative analysis on the interaction of disease proteins in disease-associated proteins neighborhood networks and networks consisting of only disease proteins. Our experimental results show that for all disease that we considered in this study, have a higher number of disease proteins in the largest connected component in the disease-associated proteins neighborhood network. We develop a score metric to capture the reachability of disease-associated proteins via common neighborhood proteins that not necessarily associated with a disease. We observe that a high number of disease proteins are part of the largest connected component in the neighborhood network with fewer disease proteins are disconnected forming separately connected components. we also develop a reachability metric to profile diseases based on the connectedness of associated proteins based on the number of components and the density of disease proteins in a disease-associated protein neighborhood network.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is an information network that connects gadgets and sensors to allow new autonomous tasks. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the integration of IoT with industrial applications. Some vital infrastructures, such as water delivery networks, use IIoT. The scattered topology of IIoT and resource limits of edge computing provide new difficulties to traditional data storage, transport, and security protection with the rapid expansion of the IIoT. In this paper, a recovery mechanism to recover the edge network failure is proposed by considering repair cost and computational demands. The NP-hard problem was divided into interdependent major and minor problems that could be solved in polynomial time by using the Benders decomposition technique and cutting plane approximation. To ensure the nonincreasing character of the Benders upper limit, a local branching method was also added to improve the convergence. Simulation results indicated that the proposed method is superior to the existing method and has better overall performance.


Purpose – Service oriented architecture (SOA) is increasingly adopted by many sectors, including healthcare. Due to the nature of healthcare systems, there is a need to increase SOA adoption success rates as the non‐integrated nature of healthcare systems is responsible for medical errors that cause the loss of tens of thousands of patients per year. Although numerous factors affect SOA success, these have not been explored and analysed yet, especially in the area of healthcare. This highlights a literature void and thus the purpose of this paper is to identify critical success factors (CSFs) influencing SOA implementation in healthcare.Design/methodology/approach – The authors critically review the literature and identify individual factors that may form CSFs for SOA implementation in healthcare. In doing so, they synthesise and propose a conceptual model of SOA CSFs in healthcare. The conceptual model is tested in the practical arena using a qualitative research methodology that is based on a case study...


tion with the "other" increasingly characterizes the world of Tuareg medicine women. Susan Rasmussen's research has spanned a quarter century characterized by profound social, political, and cultural transformations among the Tuareg. She has presented Tuareg women healers in this volume in the context of this changing world while chronicling the complex mythicalhistorical origins of their herbal-based medicine. She has done so with clarity and insight, and as a result has produced an authoritative work that is a pleasure to read. Pascal James Imperato State University of New York New York City, New York