Facial age classification has become relevant to an increasing amount of applications, particularly with the rise of social platforms and social media, facial age estimation becomes more essential. In this paper a new age classification method based on deep convolution neural network(DCNN) is proposed, the DCNN is used to extract facial age features, then the Maximum joint probability classifier based on collaborative representation (MJPCCR) is used to classify them. Three data sets are used to validate our approach. We also send the features extracted from the DCNN model to the SVM classifier, then compare the results with those obtained by our method. And we also send the age features output from the activations of the last layer into the MJPCCR and the SVM classifier separately, and compare their results. Experiments show that the performance of our method is superior to that of the previous methods.


11624Background: Disease heterogeneity with variable molecular mutations is one of the main contributory factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal of this study was to better understa...


Abstract Eight rations varying in physical form and energy concentration were fed to 12 Holstein heifers in a partially balanced incomplete block design. Total ration dry matter intake was increased when pelleted corn was fed with long-oat straw and long-alfalfa hay compared to the roughages fed alone. Grinding of the oat straw decreased intake, whereas grinding and pelleting of the alfalfa hay increased consumption. Pelleted rations composed of 50% roughage and 50% corn resulted in higher digestible energy intake than the corresponding ground or pelleted roughages. Addition of corn to the roughage diets increased dry matter digestibility, decreased the digestibility of cellulose, and increased rumen retention time for the roughage part of the diet. Gastrointestinal tract fill increased as dry matter intake increased. The data indicated that a more accurate method of estimating the space-occupying characteristics of a feed is needed, to verify the bulk or rumen load theory of food intake regulation in ruminants.


he architectonics of life, what we might loosely call "culture," have been produced throughout history by the accidents that have issued forth originally from economic systems, or from the systems that have subjugated the economy. That these are accidents does not mean that these are fully undetermined by the relationship between the worker and his economic relationships. Rather, for example, it is certain that the forms of filmmaking in a certain time are determined at first by the systems of economic exchange, though not directly. For instance, the progression from the silent film to the talkie was positively determined, while the phasing out of the silent film by the talkie was negatively determined. It is these negative determinations, these phasing-outs, that define the scope of culture, since the new is not yet solidified into culture until it has phased out what it supersedes. In this particular example, it is an accident of technological progress that produces Michael Nail 38


Male: Length 2.6-3 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and feet thickly white pruinose, but the ground color showing through; face moderately wide, wholly pollinose, this pollen yellow in the middle, reaching the orbits at the suture, sides of upper part narrowly, below the suture widely white pollinose, sonsetimes the yellow pollen covers most of upper part and extends onto the inner part of the palpi; palpi with snow white pollen, each nearly as large as upper part of face; antennae wholly yellow, small, arista whitish; orbital cilia white, rather long on the sides; occiput, front, thorax and abdomen reddish coppery, posterior margins of abdominal segments sometimes green ; bristles of thorax small, black; hairs of ahdomen very short, white; pleura and coxae black with ground color nearly concealed with white pollen, tips of coxae yellow; hypopygium small, with a long, straight, black appendage extending forward under the abdomen and small yellowish appendages inside of this long one; femora, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, last two joints of all tarsi blackish; the minute hairs on all femora and tibiae white, the small bristles on tibiae black; fore tibiae with a row of long white hairs on upper surface, which are as long as diameter of tibiae and extend to fourth tarsal joint, becoming shorter towards the end; apical joint of middle tarsi very slightly widened; pulvilli not enlarged ; joints of fore tarsi as 20-8-6-5-7 ; of middle ones as 32-14-9-6-6; joints of posterior pair as 25-19-11-6-7.


Background: Making changes to municipal social care and service has been found to be challenging to realise and highly multifaceted. The aim of this study was to describe how the professionals can ...


A long-distance quantum network that could enable distributed quantum computing and unconditionally secure communication will require a quantum memory capable of supporting entanglement swapping over long distances. The memory qubit must preserve its entanglement to the communication qubit sent to a repeater for at least long enough to swap entanglement with an adjacent node. The most important figures-of-merit for a quantum memory are: fidelity, entanglement rate, and memory lifetime. Though many varieties of memories and repeaters are currently being researched (for a review see [1]) it remains an outstanding challenge to develop one that simultaneously meets all the necessary criteria to enable a practical long distance quantum network. We propose to use laser-cooled and trapped rubidium atoms, with Rydberg excitations, coupled to an optical cavity, to address these issues.


If you haven't heard of consumer-driven health care, hang around, because it will likely be making a visit to a health plan near you.


Supported by GIS and based on landscape disturbance index and landscape fragility index, a comprehensive evaluation index system for landscape ecological security is constructed, the change of land use landscape ecological security in the Liuxihe watershed in 2000, 2005 and 2009 is analyzed. The results show that: 1) The influence of human activities on watershed landscape ecological security pattern was significantly enhanced, forest and cultivated land decreased, while construction land and orchard land increased, leading to the increase of fragmentation and isolation of each landscape type,and the dominant landscape types were changed from forest-grass land plus cultivated land to forest-grass land plus orchard. 2) From 2000 to 2005, more than half of the patterns of landscape ecological security changed, and from 2005 to 2009, the transfer rate of watershed landscape ecological security was about 60%, and 90% of the spatial patterns of landscape ecological security of the watershed changed; 3) In 2000 all the landscape ecological security indexes (ESk) of the watershed were more than 0.6. In 2005 the areas with indexes of 0.6 or higher (ESk ≥0.6) accounted for 98.48% of the total, and the areas with ESk ≥0.8 decreased by 55.93%, as compared with those in 2000. In 2009, the areas of ESk ≥0.6 reduced by 72.93%, as compared with those in 2005, which were mainly distributed in the upstream of the basin. Now there is no area with ESk ≥0.8 in all of the watershed. Its landscape ecological security is decreasing.


Russian society is currently struggling on its road towards recognizing the rights and freedoms of the individual, as well as towards establishing the rule of law and institutions, norms and procedures of a civil society. The current poor state of the legal profession is due significantly to lawyers with substandard qualifications. This fact has delayed the speed of progressive social, political and spiritual reforms, and has complicated the quest for freedom and legal rights by the Russian people. An analysis of the previous Russian experience and a creative interpretation of state and legal traditions might be useful to solve current problems. One such lesson may be learned from studying the history of the Bar (Advokatura), which once used to influence the social and political life in Russia.


Abstract The turmoil that engulfed the European monetary system in 1992 and 1993 extinguished the sense of inevitability that the project for economic and monetary union had acquired. The exchange rate crisis led many to conclude that monetary union had been derailed once and for all. This article argues, in contrast, that the monetary crisis did not prove that monetary union was undesired or unworkable. The travails of the exchange rate mechanism did not undo the interests that originally drove the economic and monetary union project or erase the gains it would bring to some member states. The crisis did, however, highlight the formidable obstacles to achieving monetary union in Europe. The article examines four interpretations of the 1992–3 crisis in the European monetary system, focusing especially on the failure to agree on a co‐ordinated realignment that might have avoided the turmoil. It then discusses the future course of monetary union in light of the contending (though not mutually exclusive) int...


A vertical handoff occurs when a multi-homed mobile host roams from a network to another heterogeneous network. Nevertheless, the network before and after a vertical handoff usually have drastic different characteristics. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end based Vertical-handoff Aware TCP, called VA-TCP, which promptly adapts TCP behavior during a vertical handoff. When entering a new network, on the basis of packet-pair algorithm, VA-TCP dynamically estimates the new network bandwidth and round-trip time by using out-of-band ICMP messages. After that, by the estimated bandwidth and round-trip time, VA-TCP adjusts the TCP parameters including congestion window size, slow-start threshold, retransmission timer and RTTs to respond to the new network environment. From the experimental result, the TCP throughput by the proposed VA-TCP scheme is around 2 times that by the original TCP.


This essay examines the ways in which Edward (Kamau) Brathwaite's first volume engages critique and questioning as an exemplification of a utopian impulse that results in an emergent critical consciousness. By looking at how interrogative and inquisitive moments might give form to potential resistance, the essay elaborates how Rights of Passage is the site of and vehicle for a variety of oppositional refusals, inquiries, and dreams that enact a utopian impulse. Written at an historical moment of widespread questioning and challenging, Rights of Passage offers through the characters who inhabit its pages, instances of subtly probing attempts to grapple with, understand, and potentially change their worlds.


The present study compares negative Ets transcription factor (Net) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) regulation by hypoxia. Their protein stabilities are differently regulated by hypoxia, defining three periods in the kinetics: normoxia (high Net levels and low HIF1α levels), early hypoxia (high levels of Net and HIF1α), and late hypoxia (degradation of Net and HIF1α). Modulators of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) activity induce a mobility shift of Net, similar to HIF1α, suggesting that post-translational modifications of both factors depend on PHD activity. The three PHDs have different roles in the regulation of Net protein levels; PHD1 and PHD3 are involved in the stabilization of Net, whereas PHD2 controls its degradation in late hypoxia. Net physically interacts with PHD2 in hypoxia, whereas PHD1 and PHD3 bind to Net in normoxia and hypoxia. Under the same conditions, PHD2 and PHD3 regulate both HIF1α stabilization in early hypoxia and its degradation at late hypoxia, whereas PHD1 is involved in HIF1α degradation in late hypoxia. We describe interconnections between the regulation of both Net and HIF1α at the protein level. Evidence is provided for a direct physical interaction between Net and HIF1α and indirect transcriptional regulation loops that involve the PHDs. Taken together our results indicate that Net and HIF1α are components of distinct signaling pathways that are intricately linked.


The research on the polymer-based solar cells (PSCs) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years because PSCs pose potential advantages over mainstream inorganic-based solar cells, such as significantly reduced material/fabrication costs, flexible substrates, and light weight of finished solar cells. The research community has made great progress in the field of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells since its inception in 1995. The power conversion efficiency (PCE), a key parameter to assess the performance of solar cells, has increased from 1% in the 1990s to over 8% just recently. These great advances are mainly fueled by the development of conjugated polymers used as the electron-donating materials in BHJ solar cells. In this Perspective, we first briefly review the progress on the design of conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells in the past 16 years. Since a conjugated polymer can be arbitrarily divided into three constituting components—the conjugated backbone, the si...


Like so many words that are bandied about, the word theory threatens to become meaningless. Because its referents are so diverse including everything from minor working hypotheses, through comprehensive but vague and unordered speculations, to axiomatic systems of thought use of the word often obscures rather than creates understanding. The term sociological theory refers to logically interconnected sets of propositions from which empirical uniformities can be derived. Throughout we focus on what I have called theories of the middle range: theories that lie between the minor but necessary working hypotheses that evolve in abundance during day-to-day research and the all-inclusive systematic efforts to develop a unified theory that will explain all the observed uniformities of social behavior, social organization, and social change. Middle-range theory is principally used in sociology to guide empirical inquiry. It is intermediate to general theories of social systems which are too remote from particular classes of social behavior, organization, and change to account for what is observed and to those detailed orderly descriptions of particulars that are not generalized at all. Middle-range theory involves abstractions, of course, but they are close enough to observed data to be incorporated in propositions that permit empirical testing. Middle-range theories deal with delimited aspects of social phenomena, as is indicated by their labels. One speaks of a theory of reference groups, of social mobility, or role-conflict and of the formation of social norms just as one speaks of a theory of prices, a germ theory of disease, or a kinetic theory of gases. The seminal ideas in such theories are characteristically simple: consider Gilbert on magnetism, Boyle on atmospheric pressure, or Darwin on the formation of coral atolls. Gilbert begins with the relatively simple idea that the earth may be conceived as a magnet; Boyle, with the simple idea that the atmosphere may be conceived as a "sea of air"; Darwin, with the idea that one can conceive of the atolls as upward


It is increasingly recognized that social communication and mobilization is an effective component of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) control strategy. This qualitative study conducted in four communes of Ben Tre province was to learn about community participatory measures relating to DHF prevention and control. Based on the plan developed by the commune government, local schools and social unions have implemented many measures to mobilize local households to clear the environment of mosquito breeding. The continuing implementation of these measures over the years has proved that improved knowledge and behaviour of households have significantly contributed to DHF control in the Ben Tre province.


Samples from the U.S. passenger lists are used to focus upon the emigrants from England to the U.S.A. during 1841. Probably as many as three-quarters of the English emigrants of that year made the U.S.A. their destination, though only a minority of Irish and Scottish emigrants sailed directly to U.S. ports. The English appear very largely to have spurned the unusual opportunities for assisted emigration to colonies that were available that year. The occupations of male emigrants are compared with occupations reported in the population census of 1841. Farmers, general labourers, and industrial workers, particularly those employed in textile industries, were overrepresented among the emigrants. Yet the movement was not predominantly an exodus of labourers from agriculture, nor from some of the most depressed occupations such as framework knitters and nailers. Various occupational groups are analyzed according to travelling companions, dependants and age, in an effort to distinguish between the more cycle-se...


This study aims to determine the relationship of reading skills in the text of the observation report and the text writing skills of the observation results of the VII students of SMPN 16 Tebo. This type of research uses quantitative research. This research method is descriptive method with correlational design. The population is seventh grade students at SMPN 16 Tebo which are divided into 105 people into four classes. The sample of this study was 32 people. This study consisted of two variables, namely the independent variable (reading comprehension skills of the text from the seventh grade observation report of Tebo 16 Public High School) and (dependent variable (writing skill in the seventh grade of Tebo SMPN 16 observational report). observations, need to read comprehension skills from observation reports.


The development and application of the mapping system with low altitude aerial photogrammetry system develops a new 3D city modeling technology method.This paper introduces the related remote sensing data processing software and the stereo mapping software of the low altitude acrial photogramrnetry system.The paper also presents the quick acquisition of 3D city building texture based on the system and 3D modeling by the software 3DMAX.3D city modeling combining with the low altitude aerial photogrammetry technology and the 3D modeling software 3DMAX can provide a new way for the rapid development of the "Digital City".


I occupy with the criminality of the juveniles in district of the town of Vsetin in my graduation theses, first of all I concentrate my attention on the property criminal acts of the juveniles .


Rho proteins play many important physiological roles in all eukaryotes as an essential molecular switch in signaling pathway.In this paper,the research progresses on molecular regulation mechanism of Rho proteins have been demonstrated from the structures and functions of Rhos,and also from the regulation proteins and effectors of Rhos.


Equations describing the excitation of a TE wave by a beam of electrons rotating in an external magnetic field in a waveguide in two regimes were considered. In the first regime the interaction of the oscillators − rotating electrons in the magnetic field − was neglected. It was assumed that the beam electrons interact only with the waveguide modes. In the second case, in the superradiance regime, the beam electrons interact with each other due to their spontaneous radiation. In the article the basic features of the description of the gyrotron gain regime are discussed. PACS: 05.45.Xt, 52.40.Mj


ike nationalist discourses, African literary criticism revolves around the question of authenticity. The distinctiveness of the African text and its distance from or subversion of European literary forms consti- tutes, it seems, its authentic quality. Thus, the "Africanness" of the African text is elaborated and celebrated through positing its appropriation of, on the one hand, the oral tradition, both in terms of form and content, and on the other, myth and ritual. Within African literary criticism, these considerations often provide the impetus for political judgments, prescrip- tive and proscriptive. This ideological move establishes the primacy of the political in the discipline. This is not surprising as African postcolonial cultural praxis has, from its beginning, allied itself in varied ways to the process of decolonization and social critique. The relation between the text and the world was pre-eminent. Writers like Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, and Ayi Kwei Armah engaged with the extratextual world through different narrative strategies that were often oppositional and disjunctive. If we agree with Jonathan Culler that "the novel serves as the model by which society conceives of itself, the discourse through which it articulates the world" (189), then the African world presented to us was one rent by confl icts and contradictions: the scatological and the sublime, the demonic and the utopian, the mythical and the historical. Yet, at the same time it was also a world of profound unity. In both the "mythical" and "realist" writers, early postcolonial literary production aims towards a sense of totality—an idea of the interconnectedness of the African world. In dealing with the political imperative, Chinua Achebe employs a strategy of metonymic recuperation, of substituting his specifi c traditional framework for an elaboration of African culture in the pan-Africanist agenda. He mobilizes Igbo history and culture to articulate the upheav- als and dislocations of colonial and postcolonial existence. Implicit in this procedure is the belief in the unity and certain homogeneity, both political and metaphysical, of Africa. Similarly, Wole Soyinka offers Yoruba myths as a basis for the understanding of African religious, political, and philosophi- cal thought and practice. This "primal phenomenon" posits a cosmological order in which "man exists in a cosmic totality" (3). The reciprocal porosity of the natural, social, and supernatural spheres derives from an animistic religious framework. Soyinka's appropriation of the term "myth" and its institutionalization through his theoretical writings have come to deter- mine the terms in which his work and those who share similar aesthetic strategies have been analyzed. "Myth," which minimally refers to a narrative about gods or mythic per- sonalities, in common usage, often indicates error, fi ction, make-believe,


The world's population is ageing. As a result, many diseases have become chronic. One of the most prevalent diseases in the elderly is dementia. This is an organic syndrome which causes a global and progressive cognitive impairment, consciousness is not disturbed, besides causes a lack of personal autonomy. This is a growing problem, there are currently 35.6 million sufferers in the world. Palliative care is an approach advanced, progressive and irreversible disease by the treatment of pain and other psychological, social and spiritual aspects, which aims to improve the quality of life of the patient and their family. Initially, they were focused on people with cancer, but there are more diseases amenable to their attention such dementia. The purpose of this monograph is to increase knowledge regarding palliative care applied in patients with dementia, nationally and internationally, as well as care for the family. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the training of health staff in this area and develop educational programs.


By characterizing gut microbiome composition across 946 healthy donors, Byrd et al. demonstrate strong influences of age and biological sex. Additionally, they define global shifts in the gut microbiome composition of patients with non-gastrointestinal tumors compared with healthy donors.


In literature and in life man wears many faces. No man in either area dons more guises or masks than the Jew. No one has learned more direct? ly and painfully from history the frightening impotence of individuals in the world or the unpredictable insanity of their collective actions. Too frequently, the Jew has found himself an outsider wandering a Diaspora society into which he cannot gain full entrance. A displaced person, he is also burdened with a cultural and ethical tradition he deems useless in his present situation. Of what value, he wonders, is the familiar Jewish idealistic self-image of a man rational, peaceful, humane when those sur? rounding him?Ammonites or Philistines, Romans or Inquisitors, Crusaders or Cossacks, Czarists or Bolsheviks or Nazis?prove physical, violent men devoid of mind, manners, compassion? If sorely tried and morally tested, the Jew mostly has chosen law, respectability, decency, learning. But at times, seeing himself, despite his best efforts, estranged from the general community's social and moral processes, he and some coreligionists have followed their neighbors' ex? ample; they have opted for force, deception, stealth, bribery, corruption. Whether tribal outlaws like Jephthah and Samson, or urban thugs and thieves of Warsaw and Odessa, or feared "hit men" of New York's Murder Incorporated, such Jews have discarded suffering and lamenta? tion to embrace the darker tactics and strategies of time and place. This moral shift has not come easily. Isaac Babel's Jewish Cossack articulates the difficulty when he implores fate for "the simplest of proficiencies? the ability to kill my fellow-men."1 But what is to be expected of a bespec? tacled Cossack who rides into battle with an empty pistol and fights for the lives of enemy prisoners?


Social service is one of the main functions of the Chinese university.Chronically,this article explores the historical evolution of modern Chinese universities considering the social service mode of practice.Horizontally,the article traces the developmental process of social services in China.The research aims to show the evolution of modern Chinese universities in terms of social service.It is expected that the findings with benefit the current universities which will then perform a better social service.


Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare malignancy, which only occupies about 0.4% of all primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and 0.016% of all NHLs. It includes B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, and others. A seventy-one year old man first went to visit the doctor because of pneumonia and then he was diagnosed with PHL of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with no virus hepatitis or other typical symptoms.PHL is a rare disease, which is very difficult to diagnose due to non-specific clinical manifestations and accessory examinations. This case may help clinicians to improve their understanding of this disease.


Anti Ashi acupoint therapy is summarized on the basis of the acupoint selecting principles stated in Inner Classic as well as the modern anatomy and clinical experience.Anti Ashi acupoint is opposite to Ashi acupoint in its distribution and features,and it is effective against acute or chronic soft tissue injury.This paper presents the nomenclature,location,clinical application and cautions of the anti Ashi acupoint.


Ferromagnetic domain behavior has been recently reported in Cr and V codoped topological insulator (TI) films using magnetic imaging, providing direct evidence for long-range ferromagnetic order. The observed robust ferromagnetism explains the significant increase in the anomalous quantum Hall effect (AQHE) in the codoped magnetic TI thin films. To understand the mechanism of such enhancement, it is imperative to investigate the spatial distribution of magnetic dopants and their defect states. Here, the authors report electronic fingerprints of the magnetic dopants Cr and V in Sb${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$ single crystals using spectroscopy imaging. These results have been reproduced in thin films synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy, which facilitates follow-up investigation of the mechanisms of robust ferromagnetic order and AQHE in Cr and V codoped TI films.


Thirty-four German high school students learning English as a second language under classroom conditions were observed for a period of eight months. It was found that the students' utterances showed many structural features which are also known to characterize LI and naturalistic L2 acquisition. It thus appears that formal instruction cannot eliminate or suppress those processes which constitute man's natural ability to acquire language(s). In contrast to naturalistic learners, however, the high school students were continuously forced to produce structures for which, developmentally, they were not yet ready. Here, the students used two basic strategies: (a) they followed principles of naturalistic acquisition; (b) they randomly selected any one structure from a finite repertoire.


The oxidation of aromatic and αβ-unsaturated aldehydes with maganese dioxide in the presence of sodium cyanide and an amine leads to high yields of the corresponding carboxylic amides.


Acknowledgments Introduction Jennifer Heath Part I. Perceptions and Realities 1. The Politics of Zan from Amanullah to Karzai: Lessons for Improving Afghan Women's Status Shireen Khan Burki 2. Between Covered and Covert: Traditions, Stereotypes, and Afghan Women's Agency Margaret A. Mills 3. Centuries of Threat, Centuries of Resistance: The Lessons of Afghan Women's Resilience Anne E. Brodsky 4. Don't Say What, Who, and When, Say How: Community Development and Women Wahid Omar 5. Afghanistan Blues: Seeing Beyond the Burqa on YouTube Dinah Zeiger Part II. A Woman's Place 6. Women's Political Presence: A Path to Promoting Gender Interests? Anna Larson 7. Voices of Parliamentarians: Four Women MPs Share Their Thoughts Massouda Jalal, Malalai Joya, Fawzia Koofi, and Azita Rafat 8. Nothing Left to Lose: Women in Prison Lizette Potgieter 9. Selling Sex in Afghanistan: Portraits of Sex Workers in Kabul Alisa Tang 10. Between Choice and Force: Marriage Practices in Afghanistan Deborah J. Smith Part III. To Be Whole in Body and Mind 11. The Hidden War against Women: Health Care in Afghanistan Sima Samar 12. Challenges to Cripple the Spirit: A Midwife's Experiences Pamela Chandler 13. Women with Disabilities: Recollections from Across the Decades Mary MacMakin 14. A Question of Access: Women and Food Security Elizabeth Stites 15. Psychological Impacts of War: Human Rights and Mental Health Nahid Aziz Part IV. Making the Rubble Bloom 16. Mending Afghanistan Stitch by Stitch: How Traditional Crafts and Social Organization Advance Afghan Women Rachel Lehr 17. Rural Women's Livelihood: Their Position in the Agrarian Economy Jo Grace and Adam Pain 18. Chadari Politics: Translating Perceptions into Policy and Practice Lina Abirafeh 19. When the Picture Does Not Fit the Frame: Engaging Afghan Men in Women's Empowerment Ashraf Zahedi Part V. "Don't Eclipse My Happy New Moon" 20. Empowering Women through Education: Recipe for Success Sakena Yacoobi 21. From Both Sides of the Mic: Women and the Media Aunohita Mojumdar 22. Painting Their Way into the Public World: Women and the Visual Arts Lauryn Oates 23. A Hidden Discourse: Afghanistan's Women Poets Zuzanna Olszewska Epilogue: Great Expectations 24. Hopes and Dreams: Interviews with Young Afghans Amina Kator Selected Bibliography About the Contributors Index


. This work concerns the numerical modeling of the vibrations of geometrically nonlinear structures coupled with a fluid flow. Firstly, a reduced-order model (ROM) for the geometrically nonlinear structure is proposed. Then, the aforementioned ROM is used to replace a Finite Element solver (FE) in the frame of a fluid-structure partitioned coupling on a two-dimensional example involving vortex induced vibrations.


1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used noninvasively to detect the proximal histidyl Nδ proton signals of deoxymyoglobin in the myocardium. However, the quantification of deoxymyoglobin is based on the assumption that the deoxymyoglobin signal detected is not contaminated by the deoxyhemoglobin signals contributed from the blood. The purpose of this study was to conduct in vitro and in vivo 1H NMR studies to examine the in vivo NMR visibility of deoxyhemoglobin in the myocardium. The results demonstrate that the NMR visibility of α and β subunits of deoxyhemoglobin is sensitive to the pulse width for spin excitation because of short T2 relaxation times, and they are not NMR visible in the canine myocardium in vivo at 4.7 T when a 0.5–1.0 msec long Gaussian excitation pulse is used. Therefore, the resonance peak detected at ∼72 ppm (relative to the water resonance) in the ischemic canine myocardium in vivo is dominated by deoxymyoglobin. Magn Reson Med 42:1–5, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A single-crystal neutron diffraction study has been made of titanium sesquioxide in the temperature range 1.4 to 711\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The crystal undergoes a transition at a temperature variously reported as about 450 to 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, below which the structure becomes antiferromagnetic. In the crystal studied, ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}660\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K. The magnetic moments in this corundum-type structure have an arrangement similar to that in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ hematite between 253 and 948\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Puckered sheets of ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$, parallel to (111), are ferromagnetic with moments lying in the plane normal to the trigonal axis. Adjacent cation sheets, separated by a layer of oxygen, have antiparallel moments. The magnitude of the moment is about 0.2 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ per ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$. There is no evidence for a moment parallel to the trigonal axis. The magnetic form factor increases with scattering angle, due to some unquenched orbital momentum. An explanation for the observed form factor and for the moment perpendicular to [111] has been given by Blume. The density maxima of antiparallel pairs of moments are displaced toward each other along the trigonal axis.


Abstract. 1. A laboratory competition experiment is described in which the growth and development rates of larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Lind.) were measured over an entire instar.


wide variety of procedures have been described for the management of pilonidal sinus, none of which, judged by the yardsticks of disability period, complete healing and recurrence of disease, are perfect 1 . Prolong disability period and complete healing of these procedures made the Karydakis, Bascom, and Lord to describe slightly different simple procedures resulting in minimal disability, good long term control and rapid return to normal activity 2,3,4 . Bascom's procedure attacks the source of disease but does not create large unhealing wound. It is simple for out patient or daycase use and patients can return to work the following day 5,6 . In Bascom operation incision in the midline should be avoided whenever possible. The force and condition that created the pilonidal problem will tend to disrupt a suture line. Thus, when entering the abscess cavity, one or more incision should be placed laterally away from midline 1 . Preoperative preparation: Informed consent was taken, shaving of area done one hour before operation.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify relationships among the word-finding behaviors ratio using discourse production task, subjective memory, and objective memory in healthy elderly adults.Methods: Ninety-five healthy elderly adults participated in this study. Participants were used to picture description tasks. To evaluate the subjective memory deficit of the elderly, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ) was used, and to evaluate the objective memory deficit, the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) was used.Results: First, the ratio of word-finding behaviors in the elderly appeared in the order of empty words, repetitions, insertions, time fillers, delays, word reformulations, and substitutions. Second, the SMCQ score, which evaluates subjective memory, showed a significant positive correlation with the ratio of global index, repetitions, and insertions. Third, the ratio of global index, repetitions, insertions, delays, and substitutions of word-finding behaviors were significantly correlated with the objective memory of the elderly. Finally, the most significant predictor variable in the global index ratio of word-finding behaviors of the elderly was the delayed recall score of SVLT.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the ratio of wordfinding behaviors by the spontaneous speech-based naming test is closely related to the subjective and objective memory in healthy elderly adults.


BackgroundRecently, it has become clear that fetuses are exposed to multiple chemicals and environmental contaminants. However, it has been reported that allergies among young children have been increasing rapidly in the last few decades, and some congenital anomalies are also increasing. There is no evidence to connect these facts directly, however if adverse health effects are caused by environmental reasons, it could be prevented by early education or risk communication.MethodsThe authors gave lectures to students at a high school and universities, and carried out a questionnaire survey before and after the lectures to see the change of the students' knowledge, attitude and behavior. The total number of high-school students and university students was 47 and 605, respectively.ResultsIt became clear that all the levels of knowledge, attitude and behavior were elevated, and they were more elevated among high school students than university students. It was suggested that risk communication at a younger age is important to elevate people's attention and motivate them, and eventually prevent their future health risk from environmental contaminants.ConclusionRisk communication at a young age would be more effective in increasing students' knowledge, attitude and behavior.


Christian Van Nieuwerburgh's An Introduction to Coaching Skills: A Practical Guide is an introductory guide to coaching which provides both new and experienced coaches with tools and practical acti...


The purpose of this paper is to provide a nonmathematical overview of holographic and speckle interferometry. This provides information necessary for those participants with little or no background in these areas to understand the application papers in the Holography Speckle session of ICALEO''89. Holography A hologram is an optical device which is capable of producing threedimensional images. The word hologram stems from the Greek root holos which means whole complete or entire and the word gram which means message. Thus a hologram is a complete record of a scene or object. The first hologram was produced by Dennis Gabor in 1948. In 1971 he won the Nobel Prize for his work. Leith and Upatnieks produced the first holograms using a laser in the early 1960''s. In conventional photography the light reflected from a scene is focused by a camera lens onto a photographic emulsion. The variation in irradiance of the light reaching the emulsion is related only to the amplitude of the electric field due to the light. To produce three-dimensional images a hologram records information about both the amplitude and phase of light reflected from a scene or object. Production Hologram Figure 1 is a sketch of a system which can be used to produce optical holograms. A laser operating in the TEM mode is used as a light source. A continuous wave or a pulsed laser can be


(57) Abstract: over a broad bandwidth in a method for amplifying an optical input signal, an optical input signal, an optical waveguide made of a rare earth-doped amorphous yttrium oxide aluminum material (e.g. erbium doped amorphous yttrium oxide aluminum material) It is given in (810). Optical input signal includes an optical signal having a wavelength shorter than 1520 nm, and an optical signal having a wavelength longer than 1610 nanometers. Pump light provided to the optical waveguide (810), whereby the waveguide provides optical gain to the optical input signal. Light gain to amplify the optical signal in the waveguide, in particular 1520 and an optical signal having a wavelength shorter than nanometer, 1610 and an optical signal having a longer wavelength than nanometers, from about 1480 nm to about 1650 nanometer resulting in meters optical signal amplified over an extended range of.


The present invention provides an apparatus for cooling and / or heating of the car, at least one coolant pump (30, 32) are provided for circulating a cooling medium in the cooling and heating systems, the main radiator segment (10) is provided, the main radiator segment (10) is the main radiator inlet (11) and a main radiator outlet (12), the main radiator inlet (11), of the vehicle, be cooled to the engine (20) is particularly adapted to be at least temporarily connected to at least one coolant outlet of the internal combustion engine (24,224,225,229), the main radiator outlet (12), the engine (22 ) of which is connected at least one coolant inlet (23), additionally another with respect to the main radiator segments (10) At least one auxiliary radiator segment (15,215,315,415,515) is provided, at least one unit to be cooled is connected to a cooling and heating system (60,61,70,80,90 relates of the type 97,170,186) is provided. According to the present invention, the cooling and / or heating device comprises at least one bypass line (the 125,325) having a bypass valve (72,251), said bypass line (125,325) is are associated disposed on at least one auxiliary radiator segment (15,215,315,415,515), bypass line (125,325) is an auxiliary radiator segment (15,215,315,415,515) It is arranged in an automobile cooling and heating system in parallel with.


The paper focuses on the importance of management development for senior personnel in surveying organisations. The paper introduces a set of Practice Management Guidelines which have been developed for the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). In addition, the paper introduces the application of a novel computer based business simulation to assist senior managers, in a number of surveying practices, to better understand the factors which influence the commercial success of their businesses. The software enables senior managers to experiment and test out a range of alternative commercial scenarios by modelling the financial (and other) consequences of their decisions. The paper outlines the design of the model and also illustrates how the simulation has been used to help senior managers. In particular, the paper examines, using a number of case studies, how the simulation has been of benefit in a number of alternative formats including; – As a brief introduction to the financial management of a surveying firm, – As a means of illustrating, using a fictitious firm, the inter-relationships which exist between the variables which can be changed by a senior manager – As a basis for a more strategic review of the impact of a number of decisions on a firms real performance, in this case using a model which replicates the structure and financial characteristics of the real firm – In a distance learning basis where the software can be accessed over the internet and the impact of decisions assessed, and – As part of an accredited post-graduate award in the management of professional practices. The paper concludes by emphasising the growing need for senior managers in surveying practices, and increasingly, in government departments, to develop their skills in commercial leadership.


Inclined–vertical framed retaining walls were recently developed and successfully adopted in engineering practice. However, relevant empirical methods for the evaluation of ground movements due to excavation have not been established. This study aimed to establish a calculation method for assessing ground movement due to excavation and to evaluate the damage probability of nearby buildings. A series of numerical models were carried out, and a database was established with their results. In this paper, simplified equations are proposed for predicting the profiles of subsurface and surface settlements, as well as lateral movements, utilizing the database. The accuracy of the simplified equations was validated by monitoring data from three case histories of the inclined–vertical framed retaining wall. Finally, the damage potential index was used to obtain the probability of damage to buildings located outside the excavations, while considering different positions.


In order to help provide access to clean water for all citizens of the world, we build an evaluation model, analyze corresponding reasons and impacts of water scarcity, and provide a targeted intervention plan. Shandong province where water is heavily overloaded is chosen as our study object. Methods of grey prediction, time series and interpolation are used to predict population size, urbanization level and water situation of Shandong in 15 years. In addition, with the help of multi-objective genetic algorithms, an intervention plan, covering three schemes, is designed for Shandong. Influences that the intervention plan has on surrounding areas are presented as well.


The author documents the enlargement of the main altarpiece of the church of Saint Francis in Bogota, which was extended along the sides of its principal chapel. The chronology of the work and its authors are discussed, as well as the structure of the iconographic program and its sculptural materialization.


For the modification of medically useful biomaterials from bacterially synthesized cellulose, fleeces of Acetobacter xylinum have been produced in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (m/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), respectively, in the Hestrin-Schramm culture medium. The incorporation of the water-soluble polymers into cellulose and their influence on the structure, crystal modifications, and material properties are described. With IR and solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy of the fleeces, the presence of the cellulose ethers and an increase in the amorphous parts of the cellulose modifications (NMR results) have been detected. The incorporation is represented by a higher product yield, too. As demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, a porelike cellulose network structure forms in the presence of CMC and MC. This modified structure increases the water retention ability (expressed as the water content), the ion absorption capacity, and the remaining nitrogen-containing residues from the culture medium or bacteria cells. The water content of bacterial cellulose (BC) in the never dried state and the freeze-dried, reswollen state can be controlled by the CMC concentration in the culture solution. The freeze-dried, reswollen BC-CMC (2.0%) contains 96% water after centrifugation, whereas standard BC has only 73%. About 98% water is included in a BC-MC composite in the wet state, and about 93% is included in the reswollen state synthesized in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% MC. These biomaterial composites can be stored in the dried state and reswollen before use, reaching a higher water absorption than pure, never dried BC. The copper ion capacity of BC-CMC composites increases proportionally with the added amount of CMC. BC-CMC (0.5%) can absorb 3 times more copper ions than original BC. In the case of 0.5 and 1.0% PVA additions to the culture solution, this polymer cannot be detected in the cellulose fleeces after they are washed. Nevertheless the presence of PVA in the culture medium effects a decreased product yield, a retention of nitrogen-containing residues in the material during purification, a reduced water absorption ability, and a slightly higher copper ion capacity in comparison with original BC. The water content of freeze-dried, reswollen BC-PVA (0.5%) is only 62%.


Insulating oils have been used as dielectric materials in transformers, and also in capacitors and cables. The main advantages of insulating oils are low cost and their superior insulating properties. However, once oils leaks from the equipment, it adversely affects the environment. Therefore, we focused on ultra-pure water (UPW) as one of environmental friendly liquid insulating materials. In this study, we have investigated the fundamental insulation characteristics of UPW using negative lightning impulse (L. Imp.) voltage (1.0/40 μs) and a half-inch (12.7 mm) diameter sphere electrodes at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). The gap length of electrodes, the insulation resistivity, and the temperature of UPW were set in the range of 1.00–2.50 mm, 15.6–18.2 MΩ·cm, and 17–24°C, respectively. In our recent studies, we investigated and compared the L. Imp. breakdown voltages (BDVs) in UPW using Progressive Stress Test (PST) and Up-and-Down Test (UDT) methods. In both PST and UDT methods, the average L. Imp. BDV tends to increase with increasing gap length, and there was no significant difference. In contrast, the average L. Imp. breakdown electric field tends to decrease with increasing gap length in both methods, in common with insulating oils. As a result, there was no significant difference in breakdown characteristics of UPW in two different test methods. On the other hand, it was also found that the average L. Imp. BDV of UPW tends to increase with increasing gap length for both w/wo pressurization, and the BDV of UPW increased approximately 1.3 times by pressurizing UPW in the range of 0.26–0.28 MPa, compared with non-pressurizing (0.1 MPa). Furthermore, the average standard deviation of L. Imp. BDV decreased to approximately 30% by pressurizing UPW, in common with insulating oils. These results indicate that pressurization might prevent air bubble generating in UPW, which decreased the number of weak points in UPW for breakdown.


The initial fixation strengths of two spiked-washer de signs were evaluated using human femurs and fascia lata tissue. Fascia lata was attached to the femur using the fixation devices, and then each femur-washer- fascia lata complex was loaded in tension to failure. Load-elongation curves were recorded, the initial failure load, initial failure displacement, stiffness, ultimate load, and ultimate displacement were determined for each test, and failure modes were recorded. Results indi cated that the 6-spike design provided superior initial fixation strength in the 19-mm diameter size. This washer design was then compared with two commer cially available fixation devices: the spiked AO washer and soft tissue fixation plate. Fixation provided by the prototypal washer design was not different in most in stances from that provided by the AO fixation devices. Based on these results, important design characteris tics for soft tissue spiked washers are identified and discussed.


This study examined the frequency of selected character values deemed important for work in student affairs administration by 953 members of the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators. Demographic characteristics of gender, graduate curriculum, institutional type and functional area of employment were examined to determine the level of congruence for the purposes of studying person-organization fit.


Abstract
The research objective of this study was used to empirically examine data related to the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Human Resource Slack (HRC) on the implementation of sustainable finance implemented from 10 sub-sector sample companies in Islamic banks listed on the IDX for the period 2017- 2020. The analysis used to measure the variables to be examined uses multiple linear regression analysis to test and determine the causal relationship between the independent variables on the implementation of sustainable finance. The results of the research itself show conditions where the Capital Adequacy Ratio has no effect on the implementation of sustainable finance. In addition, a positive effect of Human Resource Slack was also found on the implementation of sustainable finance
Keywords capital adequacy ratio; human resource slack; implementation of sustainable finance.


The hop looper, Hypena humuli Harris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is becoming an increasingly important pest of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) (Rosales: Cannabaceae) in western USA. Currently, control of this pest usually involves broad-spectrum pesticides that kill natural enemies and disrupt biological control of other hop pests. In order to develop better management strategies for H. humuli, field and laboratory studies were conducted over a four-year period to identify the pest's natural enemies and to investigate their phenologies and to assess their impact. Nine parasitoid species and assorted species of invertebrate predator were found to attack different life-stages of H. humuli. Levels of parasitism were consistently low throughout the study period and none of the parasitoids found was a specialist natural enemy of the pests. Exclusion cage studies showed, however, that the complex of natural enemies as a whole can significantly reduce larval densities of the pest, and laboratory studies confirmed successful predation of H. humuli larvae by several generalist predators including the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.), the damsel bug Nabis alternatus Parshley and two species of the geocorid bug genus Geocoris.


Abstract : The properties of cyclic furnace oxidation and hot corrosion were studied on Ni-9Cr-6Al-(0.02-0.1)Y alloys. Samples of both as cast and wrought structures were used. Continuous weight gain measurements and detailed structural analyses were conducted. Tests in 1 atm. air up to 1000 hrs at 1000C show no spallation. At 1200C, however, spallation is occurring in addition to losses in the total weight after an initial period. A pretreatment in dry H2 (the partial pressure of O2 must be below the dissociation pressure for Cr2O3) is shown to reduce these effects. A mechanism for the process is proposed and discussed. Hot corrosion tests in combustion gases have been conducted mainly at 950C. Metallographic analyses of corroded samples show a catastrophic degradation of the samples by sulfidation and oxidation reactions. A coating of CeO2 or Al2O3 seems to be protective against combustion gases and reduces completely the internal oxidation and sulfidation attacks at 950C. (Author)


Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) is a small herb well known for its medicinal properties and widely used worldwide. P. amarus is reported to contain variety of phytoconstituents like lignans namely phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirphyllin and phyllnirurin; flavanone glycosides like niranthin, nirtetralin, phyltetralin and lintetralin; a steroidal hormone estradiol; flavanoids like quercetin, quercitrin, and astragalin; triterpenes like phyllanthenol, phyllanthenone and phyllantheol are some of the important constituents. P. amarus is an important plant of Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine which is used in the problems of stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney and spleen. It is bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge and antiseptic. The whole plant is used in gonorrhea, menorrhagia and other genital affections. It is useful in gastropathy, diarrhoea, dysentery, intermittent fevers, ophthalmopathy, scabies, ulcers and wounds. P. amarus show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antiviral, antibacterial, antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective nephroprotective and diurectic properties. The present work is therefore an effort to give an detailed survey of literature on pharmacognostical, traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of P. amarus.


PURPOSE: To provide generation of water currents and aeration effect easily and surely without requiring a special drive device or aeration device by supplying drive fluid including gas to an eductor disposed in an outer cylinder, and generating the water currents by accelerating water liquid in the outer cylinder. CONSTITUTION: A water generating device is used for exchange of water blocks for purifying water quality in a closed water range, for example. In this case, a cylindrical body (nacelle) 18 is disposed concentrically inside the outer cylinder, and an eductor 19 is disposed inside the cylindrical body 18. In the meanwhile, drive fluid at the eductor 19 is supplied from a supply tube 3. At the eductor 19, water in the outer cylinder 2 is sucked from an entrance 21 to be discharged from an exit 20, so water in the outer cylinder 20 is accelerated in the discharge direction. Use of a special drive device or movable part is thus eliminated, and a maintenance-free and high-durability simple structure can be composed. By using gas for the drive fluid as necessary, aeration effect can be provided without using a special aeration device. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2016. Major: Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development. Advisor: Gerald Fry. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 207 pages.


Changing technology, changing laws, the ease of copying, and the growing access to a vast array of online materials have all changed how copyright affects academic work and consequently the content and complexity of institutional copyright policies. Traditionally oriented policies and systems that have not been updated to address the full range of issues present a risk and a barrier to ongoing development and use of e-learning. This paper suggests a range of issues that institutions should be addressing and presents evidence that many institutions lack modern and effective policies in this area.


The explosion of the rational expectations equilibrium models in the finance literature has occurred when the perfect market assumption of homogeneous information is relaxed and prices play the role of aggregating and transmitting information in the financial market. This paper shows that the no-arbitrage condition in a financial market with heterogeneous and costly information is equivalent to the existence of a pricing operator. It is further shown that equilibrium prices in financial markets with heterogeneous and costly information are, in fact, equilibrium prices in a perfect market plus a certain factor. This paper then shows the functional relation between this certain factor and the form of the information-cost function. In this way, the results of Ross (1978), Gaman and Ohlson (1981), and Dermody and Prisman (1993) are extended to financial markets with heterogeneous and costly information.


Examples disclose a method, executed by a computing device, to obtain an identifier and system state of a target device for establishing a near field communication link. Additionally, the examples disclose the method processes the system state of the target device according to a rules engine to determine a next action for the target device. Also, the examples disclose the method selects a credential associated with the identifier of the target device and transmits the selected credential to the target device.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy predisposes patients to atrial fibrillation and the development of systemic embolization. We describe a rare case of bilateral renal artery thrombosis which presented as acute renal failure requiring dialysis. The patient was successfully treated with a selective, continuous infusion of urokinase which resulted in the return of adequate renal function.


When possible desired communication mode of the group from ID communication partner device of a communication mode (2) is activated, said group having at least TTF mode and RTF mode, the ID communication partner device (2) and at least a one other ID communication partner device (4) is brought into communication connection unit, at least by one other ID communication partner device (4) is output carrier signal (CS) is the carrier signal (CS) is the is received by the ID communication partner device (2), the carrier signal (CS), the repeatedly specified at least by one mode activating signal (AS) by means of at least one other ID communication partner device (4), said mode the ID communication partner presence of the activation signal (AS) is Is recognized by the device (2), the recognition result signal (RRS) is brought, the desired communication mode of the ID communication partner device as a function of the recognition result signal (RRS) (2) is activated.


Jenkins, Sophie. 2015. Illus. Sophie Blackall. A Fine Dessert: Four Centuries, Four Families, One Delicious Treat. New York: Swartz & Wade Books. Print. A Fine Dessert is about "blackberry fool" a delicious dessert made from fresh blackberries and whipped cream. The story starts out in England in 1710 when a young girl and her mother pick blackberries with their hands. They have to milk the cows to get cream and whip it by hand with bundle of soft twigs. Then we are transported to Charleston, South Carolina in 1810 when another young girl and her mother pick blackberries from the garden at a plantation. A deliveryman brings them cream by horse and buggy and they must use a metal whisk by hand to get it whipped. Then we are in Boston in 1910 and a young girl and her mother buy their blackberries from the market. The deliveryman brings them cream and they use a mechanical whisk and ice box to make their dessert. Finally we are transported to San Diego and it is 2010. A young boy and his dad go to the supermarket to buy their blackberries. They look the recipe up on the Internet and use an electric mixer and refrigerator. Through one dessert, we see cooking and family life evolve over four hundred years. The concept of A Fine Dessert is brilliant as it presents an easy activity (cooking) that is mutual to all the centuries it depicts. The illustrations by Sophie Blackall are beautiful and tell their own story alongside the text. Period details and evocative facial expressions make these historical people come alive with elegant simplicity. This book is a fantastic way to teach history to children as it shows how even a mundane task such as cooking has changed over the centuries. While the story is about making a dessert there is so much more to the story. It opens the door to discussing social status, issues like slavery and gender roles. The book includes a recipe for blackberry fool and historical notes on the author's research. Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Hanne Pearce Hanne Pearce has worked at the University of Alberta Libraries since 2004. Aside from being an avid reader, she has continuing interests in writing, photography, graphic design and knitting.


Support vector machine(SVM) is a kind of novel machine learning methods based on statistical learning theory. It is widely used for questions of classification and regression.This article applies LS-SVM to short-term load forecasting of power system and compares the forecasting result with that of the BP nerve network.Simulation experiments show that this method enjoys good forecasting speed and accuracy in short-term load forecasting.


In the present paper,the oxidation kinetics,surface oxide characteristics and the effect of the surface oxides on the electrical behavior of the SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel oxidized in the intermediate temperature SOFC(IT-SOFC) cathode environment(air) were systematically investigated.The kinetic relationship of oxidation was obtained by weight gain experiments at 750℃;the "4-probe" method was employed to determine the area specific resistance(ASR) of the surface oxides;XRD and SEM were used to characterize the phase structure,morphology and composition of the surface oxides.It has been found that the oxidation kinetics obeys the parabolic rule with multistage;the primary oxides formed are Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4;the ASR-oxidation time relation satisfies the Arrhenius equation with slope change in between 600 and 700℃.Cation diffusion during oxidation,thermodynamics of oxide formation and theory of semiconductor conductivity were applied to explain the phenomena observed in the experiments.The feasibility of SUS 430 as the interconnect material of IT-SOFC was reasonably evaluated.


This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of paricalcitol, a vitamin D analog, against hazardous effects of 1800-MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation on the skin of male Wistar albino rats expo...


This study aims to determine and test the factors that influence financial distress. The factors in this study are liquidity, profitability, activity, and sales growth. Financial distress is measured using the Springate method. Liquidity is measured using the formula Current Ratio (CR), Return On Assets (ROA) is used to measure profitability, Total Asset Turnover (TAT) is used to measure activity and Sales Growth is measured by sales per year. The population in this study was 73 property, real estate, and building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2013-2017 period. Based on purposive sampling technique, 18 company samples were obtained that met the criteria for five years of observation with a total of 90 observational data. Data analysis techniques in this study used logistic regression analysis. The results showed that liquidity, profitability, and activities had a significant effect on financial distress, while sales growth had no effect on financial distress in property, real estate, and building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2013-2017 period.


The church has always been irresolute concerning the spiritual value of material wealth. Usually taking the moral high ground, the church has been renouncing excessive wealth in favor of a modest and sacrificial lifestyle. Considering the historical shift from aristocracy to meritocracy which endowed money a new moral quality in the West, we can see that South Korea has been going through a similar transformation with 1) the close bond between neo-Pentecostalism and the prosperity gospel and 2) the rise of meritocracy alongside the nation's 'compressed' modernization. This study endeavors to find further evidence of this transformation with reference to Reverend Dong-Ho Kim's 'righteous riches.' Reverend Kim's conservative view on the poor and the rich is not a new perspective but only a Korean version of American prosperity gospel without a keen consciousness on social justice. The popularity of Reverend Kim's teachings among the middle class shows that the 'status quo' ideology on social inequality is in fact largely derived from Korean Protestantism which has a legacy of American Biblical literalism.


Time-varying uncertainties and load variation will influence the stabilization of active power filter control system.In order to enhance disturbance suppression capability and robustness,a state-space model which includes outside interference was established for APF based on H∞ control theory.An H∞ output-feedback robust controller was designed for the single phase shunt APF using linear matrix inequality.The controller can compensate the aberration rate of power grid from 28.93% to less than 3% in 2~3 cycle,and when the load current changes,the rapid dynamic compensation and high-precision steady-state compensation still can be achieved.The controller not only ensures the stability of the close-loop system and the stronger interference suppression ability,but also owns an effective dynamic compensation.


Objective: To study and compare the psychological health conditions of female teachers between high school and university.Methods: The psychological health conditions of 300 female teachers in Guangdong province were assessed with the "Symptom Check List 90"(SCL-90).At the same time,30 female teachers among them were interviewed.Results: The psychological health conditions of female teachers in high school and university were worse than those of common crowd in China.The detection rate of the light psychological health problem of female teachers was 39.6%,and the detection rate of the obvious psychological health problem of female teachers wass 18.3 %,The primary psychological problems were compulsion,sensitivity ofhuman relation,depression and anxiety.The psychological health of female teachers in different community showed obvious difference: high school female teachers' was worse than university female ones';married female teachers' was worse than single female ones'.The psychological health problems of female teachers aged from 35 to 45 were more serious than other ages of female ones.Conclusion: The psychological health of female teachers is not so good.Therefore,objectively,female teachers should be offered good living and working environment, and cared for from the society,schools to their families,and so on;subjectively,female teachers should improve their ownqualities,and learn how to adjust their psychological state to prevent themselves suffering from diseases,and to live and work actively.


A report of this quality illustrates how strikingly our tax studies and thinking have improved since the beginning of the twentieth century. The progress made during that interval in the art and practice of American taxation appears to be distressingly small. But the quality of the investigations and reports made by special tax commissions has improved greatly. Tax practice must in the end approach closer to tax thinking, and the latter is going steadily forward. We are making more progress than appears on the surface. Of this large volume, only Part Two is here under review. It represents the report of Professor Robert Murray Haig, Executive Secretary and Director of Research, assisted by a research staff of nineteen experts, containing such well known names as Luther Gulick, P. H. Cornick, Carl Shoup, Beulah Bailey and Professor Mabel Newcomer, with Seth T. Cole serving as legal adviser. From such a director and staff, one would expect not only an able, but a comprehensive and thorough report. All this, it is. Without being redundant or pedantic in any sense, it covers practically every important aspect of the New York tax system and the proposals which have been made to improve that system. Its distinctive characteristic, however, arises from the effort made to think to the bottom of certain fundamental questions which, because of their difficulty, are usually slighted in reports of this kind.


Abstract The article investigates a debate on the issues of legal recognition of gender which took place in the Latvian Parliament in 2009 and which is considered a rich source of material for a two-fold analysis. As an example of gendered discourse, it shows the differences between female and male MPs' ways of tackling this uncomfortable subject. As a discourse about gender, which allows one to study the speakers' arguments and attitudes, it reveals prejudice, lack of knowledge and conservative thinking. The analysis thus illustrates the language and arguments employed in the public sphere when discussing face-threatening, taboo topics.


ABSTRACT Why are rich citizens not taxed more heavily – despite growing inequality (aversion)? The literature offers several explanations, all of which ultimately work through the minds and actions of politicians. Taking Germany as a case, we therefore ask in 25 semi-structured interviews which obstacles left-wing politicians perceive in taxing the rich. Overall, tax increases are perceived as difficult projects. Organized business is described as a major barrier, but in a way that goes beyond existing accounts: besides classical lobbying, business interests are seen to influence electoral politics through long-term communication strategies shaping tax preferences. Moreover, the interviews point to a previously unrecognized organizational barrier that we coin the 'vicious competence cycle': left-wing politicians are often overwhelmed by tax issues which results in consequential disadvantages when confronted with resourceful anti-tax actors. They describe how party-internal discourses shape these competence patterns by influencing motivations, feasibility perceptions, and electoral strategies.


The work is based on Current Starved Voltage controlled oscillator (CSVCO) for a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in 180 nm process. Phase locked loop's were used in most of the application for clock generation and recovery as well. As the technology grows faster in the existing generation, there has to be quick development with the technique. In most of the application PLL's were used for clock and data recovery purpose, from that perspective jitter will stand as a huge problem for the designers. The main aim of this thesis was to design a Current Starved Voltage controlled oscillator (CSVCO) that should bring down the jitter as down as possible which was designed as standalone; the designed CSVCO would be later placed in a PLL. To understand the concept and problem about jitter at the early stage of the project, an Analog PLL was designed in block level and tested for different types of jitter and then design of a CSVCO was started. This document was about the design of a Current Starved Voltage controlled oscillator which operates with the center frequency of 1.25 GHz. This project work describes the design and simulation of miscellaneous blocks of an PLL for the 3.33 GHz band. The reference frequency is 500 MHz and the Current Starved Voltage controlled oscillator output frequency is 1.25 GHz to 3.33 GHz in a state-of the-art 180nm process, with 1 V supply voltage.


This is a thought experiment with the following conjecture: topological holes in spacetime alter the gravitational field of the galaxy and might explain the dark matter phenomenon.


The stereoselectivity of radical reactions using cyclic iodohydrins and 2-alkoxy iodides was investigated on a simple model system obtained from indene (see 1a−d). The low level of stereoselectivity inherent to this type of systems could neither be overcome by using large protective group on the O-atom of 1c nor by complexation with Lewis acids. However, starting from the free alcohol 1c, it was possible to obtain very high selectivities (trans/cis > 100:1) by forming an aluminium alkoxide derivative upon treatment with methylaluminium bis[2,6-di(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenoxide] (MAD) before running the radical reaction. Despite the high steric demand of these complexes, the reactions gave satisfactory yields even for the formation of CC bonds.


The invention of asymmetric encryption back in the seventies was a conceptual leap that vastly increased the expressive power of encryption of the times. For the first time, it allowed the sender of a message to designate the intended recipient in an cryptographic way, expressed as a "public key" that was related to but distinct from the "private key" that, alone, embodied the ability to decrypt. This made large-scale encryption a practical and scalable endeavour, and more than anything else—save the internet itself—led to the advent of electronic commerce as we know and practice it today.


The invention provides a signal transmission method and equipment. The method includes the steps that first discovery reference signals are transmitted to first user equipment according to first transmitting power and a first transmitting cycle, and the first discovery reference signals are used by the first user equipment for measuring the signal quality; second discovery reference signals are transmitted to second user equipment according to second transmitting power and a second transmitting cycle, and the second discovery reference signals are used by the second user equipment for measuring the signal quality; a first signal measurement result of the first user equipment for the first discovery reference signals is received, and a second signal measurement result of the second user equipment for the second discovery reference signals is received. According to the signal transmission method, the problems that users cannot be effectively unloaded and the throughput of hot spots cannot be improved due to the fact that opening and closing of cells cannot be effectively controlled in the prior art can be effectively solved.


Sparsity and inverse problems in astrophysics Jean-Luc Starck Data assimilation: Particle filter and artificial neural networks Helaine Cristina Morais Furtado, Haroldo Fraga de Campos Velho and Elbert Einstein Nehrer Macau I.M. Gelfand and applied mathematics Andrei L Afendikov and Konstantin V Brushlinskii Some Pictures of The 2015 International Conference on Mathematics, its Applications, and Mathematics Education Sudi Mungkasi Committee of The 2015 International Conference on Mathematics, its Applications, and Mathematics Education


In recent years, sentiment analysis has been applied to various fields, including politics, business, education, etc. Simultaneously, with the development of science and quality of life, clothes have become an increasingly important part of people's daily lives, especially women. In this research, using Natural Language Processing, we interpret a dataset about clothing by trying different approaches, which include other models (CNN, RNN, and LSTM), different optimizers (Adam, RMSProp, and SGD), and different hyper-parameters (Epochs, Batch Sizes, and Learning Rate). Then, we analyze the influences of those approaches by all kinds of valuation standards. Ultimately, we improve our accuracy by 8.0 %.


killer (NK) cell activity. Some of these shortcomings were addressed in the early 1980s with the discovery of the spontaneously occurring "SCID" mutation, which leads to deficient activity in the enzyme Prkdc, a protein kinase involved in DNA repair. Because V(D)J recombination relies on this DNA repair machinery, recombination is impaired resulting in a lack of mature T or B lymphocytes. This mutation was complemented by the creation of Rag1null and Rag2null knock-out mice using gene targeting in 1992. These models are unable to undergo V(D)J recombination, causing a similar absence of functional T or B cells but without the 'leakiness'* seen in SCIDs. These mice support the growth of a wider variety of cell types and tumors from other species, but are again limited by the presence of functional complement proteins and NK cells, which inhibit the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and some foreign tumors. In order to ameliorate these limitations, SCID mice were (Continued on page 2) The past two decades have seen an explosion in the use of increasingly more immunodeficient mice in biomedical research, the latest examples being the NSG, NRG and NOG strains. Immunodeficient mice have great advantages, such as the ability to accept xenografts from genetically distant species. For example, human immune cells can be administered to recreate the human immune system or to investigate specific cell types. Immunodeficient mice also support the growth of human cancer cells, which provides opportunities to study the biology and potential treatment of human neoplasia. These benefits do not come without risk as the impaired immune status of these strains makes them highly susceptible to a number of environmental and opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogens. Many of these organisms are ubiquitous and cannot be eliminated from the environment. Therefore, researchers face the challenge of studying mice that are under constant risk of attack from agents that can cause disease and/or affect research data. Since the 1960s, the nude mouse (Foxn1nu), the first immunodeficient mouse described, has been a mainstay in studies involving transplanted tissues or cells. Nude mice lack a thymus and functional T lymphocytes and readily engraft many solid tumors. However while still used frequently, their use is limited by the presence of functional innate and adaptive


. One side effect of the Spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns was a rapid reduction in aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions. These emission reductions provide a unique opportunity for model evaluation, and to assess the potential efficacy of future policy decisions. We investigate changes in observed regional aerosol burdens during the COVID-19 lockdowns, and compare these observed anomalies to predictions from Earth System Models forced with COVID-19-like reductions in aerosol and 5 greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the dramatic economic and lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic, most anthropogenic source regions do not exhibit detectable changes in satellite retrievals of total or dust-subtracted aerosol optical depth. Only India exhibits an aerosol optical depth anomaly that exceeds internal variability. These conclusions are broadly reproduced by Earth System Models when confounding factors have been accounted for. We present a systematic assessment of the contributions of internal variability, model input uncertainty, and observational sampling to the aerosol signal, and highlight 10 the impacts of observational uncertainty on model evaluation analyses. These results are encouraging, suggesting that current Earth System Models may be able to realistically capture the effects of future emission reductions.


Using data from a nationally representative sample, this study examined Head Start children's school outcome differences by the end of Kindergarten between children who attended Head Start program for two years and the ones who attended for one year. Propensity scores were used to match children who experienced different durations of the program on a series of demographic characteristics in order to achieve a precise estimation of the effects of program duration. The results showed that in comparison to a demographically comparable group of children who attended the Head Start program for one year, the children who experienced two years of intervention services had statistically significantly higher performance on all six academic and social outcome measures by the end of Kindergarten, which included PPVT, Woodcock–Johnson Reading Skills, Woodcock–Johnson Math Reasoning Skills, teacher-reported composite academic skills, preschool learning behaviors, and social skills. Policy and practice implications


The vehicle exhaust remote sensing system was used to quantify the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) concentrations of vehicles before and after the ethanol-gasoline implementation. The purpose was to investigate gasoline vehicle emissions for two distinct periods: before and after the ethanol-gasoline implementation. A comprehensive vehicle emission remote sensing data set collected in 2018 and 2019. The remote sensing test data was screened for duplicate vehicles in both two years. The average emission concentration of HC-CO-NO showed a continuous downward trend after ethanol-gasoline implementation. The three pollutant emission factors of small passenger cars are all lower than those of light trucks. Overall, the HC-CO-NO emission factors obtained through remote sensing tests have a small range of variation. From the results of the two-year test data, the emission levels of the 10% worst emission vehicles have shown a certain reduction compared with before the ethanol-gasoline implementation. Compared with random test errors of dynamometer emission test and portable emission measurement system, statistical results based on remote sensing test big data are more accurate.


Motivated by the events of the Great Recession, we estimate a time-varying structural VAR model with labor market variables to analyze the effects of a financial shock, focusing on the US. Our results point out that a tightening of financial conditions is highly detrimental for the labor market. Moreover, we show that financial shocks hit the labor market asymmetrically in the last three decades, an implication that a standard VAR cannot capture: while negative financial shocks have been responsible for decreases in employment, our model does not find significant contribution of financial shocks throughout expansion periods. The source of this asymmetry is the time-varying standard deviation of the identified shock, which is higher in period of financial distress; on the other hand, we find that the transmission mechanism is almost constant over time.


This veto message from Governor Mark Sanford vetoes S. II4I, R-355. This bill amends sales tax incentives for the purchase of energy efficient manufactured homes.


Obsjective To study the character of sonogram and base of pathology in PTC.MethodsThe 2D colour doffler ultrasound and bloodstream picture of 35 PTC preoperative patients were reviewed,r etrospectively.and cross-check analysis with pathotogy.ResultsThe sonogram character were obscure boundary, irregularity, no amicula;low level echo district found microcalcification;colour bloodstream was plentiful and shape confused in tumor centre, lymph node of neck emerged cystis degeneration.The base of pathology corresponding with above-mentioned character was as follows:carcinoma tissue had no amicula and infiltrative growth a little interstitial substance convex papilate fine sand shape microcalciffcation.Foamy microphage and colloidal substance in lymph node of neck, there are clustering or island shape capillary vessel among interstitial substance.Conclusion The ultrasound helps to the diagnosis of PTC.Its typical character of sonogram was related to the base of pathology.


A clip (46) for a fork head (44) has an extending a side portion (54) which is so shaped and configured to fit over one side portion (48) of a clevis (44) and to a nut (60) transversely mounting bolt engages to hold the clevis clip (46) on the clevis (44). A stopper portion (62) of the clip (46) extending from the side portion (54) of the clip (46) for engaging a surface (48) of the fork head to a rotation of the clevis clips (46) with respect to the clevis ( to prevent 44). An elastically deformable locking portion (64) of the clip (46) extending from the side portion (54) at an angle to this for an elastic deformation when a steering shaft laterally in the fork head (44) is used, and for a return to a relatively undeformed position after insertion of the steering shaft in the fork head (44) for preventing leakage of the steering shaft from the fork head (44).


Ambient concentrations of CO, as well as NO x and O 3, were measured as a part of the PARADE campaign conducted at the Taunus Observatory on the summit of the Kleiner Feldberg between the 8th of August and 9th of September 2011. These measurements were made in an effort to provide insight into the characteristics of the effects of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric chemistry in the rural south-western German environment. The overall average CO concentration was found to be 100.3±18.1 ppbv (within the range of 71 to 180 ppbv), determined from 10-min averages during the summer season. The b ackground CO concentration was estimated to be ~90 ppbv. CO and NOx showed bimodal diurnal variations with peaks in the late morning (10:00-12:00 UTC) and in the late afternoon (17:00-20:00 UTC). Strong correlations between CO and NO x indicated that vehicular emission was the major contributor to the notable CO plumes observed at the sampling site. Both local meteorology and ba ckward trajectory analyses suggest that CO plumes were associated with anthropogenically polluted air masses transferred by an advection to the site from densely populated city sites. Furthermore, a good linear correlation of R 2 = 0.54 between CO and O 3 (;O3/;CO=0.560±0.016


Climate change is expected to have significant implications for human mobility. The potentially millions of people who may be displaced through climate change impacts such as sea-level rise, accelerated desertification and increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events are frequently referred to as 'climate refugees'. This study applies the discourse coalitions framework developed by Maarten Hajer to examine policy discourse on climate-induced migration. In particular, it explores how the concept of 'climate refugees' is understood, defined and contested by key actors and how this relates to the definition, within different discursive arenas, of climate-induced migration as a policy problem. Concepts from the discourse coalitions framework – namely 'story-lines', 'institutional practices' and 'discourse coalitions' – are taken as key units of analysis. An exploration of the discursive field of climate-induced migration identifies prominent discursive constructions of climate refugees. It also explores how these are created and reproduced through a range of institutional practices and how they are contested by specific coalitions of actors. The book concludes with an exploration of potential policy implications of discursive constructions of climate refugees.


ABSTRACT The main requirements for assessing the system reliability of slopes are outlined briefly and a comprehensive procedure is presented based on potential slip surfaces of arbitrary shape. The evaluation of system reliability of soil structures such as slopes is important because of the spatial variability of geotechnical parameters within any soil layer and also the fact that slopes are frequently associated with multi-layered soil deposits. The performance function for the stability of a slope, defined in terms of a 'factor of safety', is usually inexplicit and non-linear. A 'rigorous' method of slope stability analysis such as the Generalised Procedure of Slices may be used as the basis of a reliability analysis. A complete analysis should include the search for a critical slip surface and the calculation of reliability index or the probability of failure associated with it. System reliability bounds are evaluated by considering the probabilities of failure associated with a number of slip surfaces including the critical slip surface. It is shown that the upper bound of the system failure probability can be significantly higher than the failure probability associated with the critical slip surface. This finding is significant for slope design and for geotechnical risk assessment generally.


In order to predict the main species of veterinary drugs in the environment, cyromazine (CY), sulfonamides (SAs) and tetracyclines (TCs) were studied in animal wastewater and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the method, the reversed-phase column of C8 column, the HLB solid phase extraction column, the 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile-water solution mobile phase with gradient elution were used. The flow rate was 0.30 mL/min, the detection mode was multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with positive ion electro spray ionization and the injection volume was 10 μL. The quantification limit of the method (MQL) was 5ng/L for CY, 25ng/L for SAs, and 50 ng/L TCs in animal wastewater samples. In soil samples, MQL was 25µg/kg for CY, 40µg/kg for SAs, and 50µg/kg for TCs. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.99. Recoveries of CY, SAs and TCs at fortified levels were higher than 61%, with relative standard deviation of 0.84%-6.49%.


Seed is the most important input component for productive agriculture. A we I I-functioning seed system is defined as one that uses the appropriate combination of formal, informal, market and non-market channels to efficiently meet farmers 'demand for quality seeds. The fact that a hulk of rural livelihoods are drawn from crop~U\ estock sector and that crop residues are the main stay for animal feeding reflect the importance of crop agriculture not only from food production point of view' but poverty reduction as well A majority of livestock kept by rural households is well integrated into the prevailing crop systems. In low rainfall dry land agriculture areas, food feed cetral, millet and legume crops are the main sources of income and food for farmers besides fodder for their animals. Farmers 'demandfor seeds, particularly' those of poor farmers therefore depend on multiple criteria. Given the critical role that improved varieties play in increasing the conventional crop production, a key question is how to facilitate tin-development of an integrated seed system that is capable of generating, producing and distributing improved seed varieties that meet the needs of resource atui resource-poor farmers in a cost-effecti\ r way The study is an attempt to review and document the existing seed multiplication and delivery systems in four dry land agriculture districts of Andhra Pradesh namely Anantapun Kumool, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda. Analyzing the problems associated with different seed systems in the Districts, the paper makes a case for alternati\ e seed systems that address the needs and i •uinerabiiities of sttuillfarmers.


ABSTRACT The revised Swedish national curriculum stresses that preschools should, on the one hand, place emphasis on stimulating children's language development in Swedish, while on the other hand help children with a mother tongue other than Swedish develop their mother tongue. The aim of this study is to analyse preschool teachers' strategies to develop multilingualism in daily life in preschools. The analysis was conducted by analysing their reflections on multilingualism and how their beliefs are transformed into educational strategies and parental cooperation. The results reveal two main strategies: joint language expression and reflection with children and parental cooperation in developing children's multilingualism. The analysis revealed patterns of strategies for activities that we argue form multilingual educational strategies. These various strategies tend to occur in the daily work of the preschool staff.


The working environment for ground support installation in mines has improved during the last 20-30 years, with more mechanized equipment for installation of ground support elements such as bolts, ...


This article discusses whether warnings generated by the GNU C++ compiler can be used effectively to identify portions of code containing defects. We analyze 5 industrial projects written in C++ and belonging to the Telecommunication domain. In each project we find a significant positive correlation between the number of compiler warnings and the number of software defects per source file. Such significant correlation can be generalized across projects using meta-analysis.


The main goal of this work is to find the optimum way for numerical simulation of bonded joints using finite element analysis. The most important requirements for the model are simplicity, wide utilization (for all types of bonded joints) and efficiency. The final paragraph includes the way of determination of damage and cohesive parameters of bonded joints using cohesive surface based contact. The results of this research should be suitable for modelling of the general type of bonded joints.


Introduction: Epstein Barr virus (EBV), is a member of the genus Lymphocryptoviridae and Herpesviridae subfamily. It is pervasive and infects more than 90% of the adult population worldwide. In childhood and early adulthood primary infection occurs through salivary contact. The majority of children are asymptomatic, but some adolescents and young adults can develop infectious mononucleosis with harmless clinical manifestations. Objective: To analyze the expression of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Latent membrane protein – 1 (LMP-1) in various histological subtypes of gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Out of the 43cases, 32 cases were proven to be malignant, out of which 30 cases who had adequate clinical data were included in the study. The materials were processed and sections were cut at 5 microns. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections was done. Histopathological examination of these sections was done. Result: The most common presenting symptom associated with Gastric carcinoma was upper abdominal pain (epigastric pain). Both the LMP-1 IHC positive cases showed a low score when assessed using the LMP-1 immunohistochemistry scoring system (used in nasopharyngeal carcinomas). This may be due to the older age group of patients. For the effective control of viral cancer, there should be rapid, sensitive, specific, cost-effective diagnostics assays and Original Research Article Supraja et al.; JPRI, 33(20B): 50-63, 2021; Article no.JPRI .66757 51 management. Conclusion: Hence our study justifies the role of EBV in the oncogenesis of gastric carcinoma. More elaborate and extensive studies are warranted to further emphasize this theory.


Integrative taxonomy combining data from multiple axes of biologically relevant variation is a major recent goal of systematics. Ideally, such taxonomies would be backed by similarly integrative species-delimitation analyses. Yet, most current methods rely solely or primarily on molecular data, with other layers often incorporated only in a post hoc qualitative or comparative manner. A major limitation is the difficulty of deriving and implementing quantitative parametric models linking different datasets in a unified ecological and evolutionary framework. Machine Learning methods offer flexibility in this arena by learning high-dimensional associations between observations (e.g., individual specimens) across a wide array of input features (e.g., genetics, geography, environment, and phenotype) to delineate statistical clusters. Here, I implement an unsupervised method using Self-Organizing (or "Kohonen") Maps (SOMs). Recent extensions called SuperSOMs can integrate an arbitrary number of layers, each of which exerts independent influence on the two-dimensional output clustering via empirically estimated weights. These output clusters can then be delimited into K significant units that are interpreted as species or other entities. I show an empirical example in Desmognathus salamanders with layers representing alleles, space, climate, and traits. Simulations reveal that the SOM/SuperSOM approach can detect K=1, does not over-split, reflects contributions from all layers with signal, and does not allow layer size (e.g., large genetic matrices) to overwhelm other datasets, desirable properties addressing major concerns from previous methods. Finally, I suggest that these and similar methods could integrate conservation-relevant layers such as population trends and human encroachment to delimit management units from an explicitly quantitative framework grounded in the ecology and evolution of species limits and boundaries.