High-accuracy calibration of resolver signals is the key to improve its angular measurement accuracy. However, inductive harmonics, residual excitation components, and random noise in signals dramatically restrict the further improvement of calibration accuracy. Aiming to reduce these unexpected noises, a filter based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is designed in this paper. Firstly, the signal was decomposed into a time-frequency domain by DWT and several groups of coefficients were obtained. Next, the SVD operation of a Hankel matrix created from the coefficients was made. Afterwards, the noises were attenuated by reconstructing the signal with a few selected singular values. Compared with a conventional low-pass filter, this method can almost only preserve the fundamental and DC components of the signal because of the multi-resolution characteristic of DWT and the good correspondence between the singular value and frequency. Therefore, the calibration accuracy of the imperfect characteristics could be improved effectively. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The invention discloses a method for preparing gradient materials through multi-crucible and multi-nozzle spray forming, which adopts the multi-crucible and multi-nozzle spray forming technology. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, heating and rising the temperature under the protection of inert gas after the surface of a coating substrate is cleaned; secondly, arranging more than one alloy liquid crucible above the coating substrate in sequence, wherein the alloy liquid in each crucible is sprayed and deposited on the surface of the substrate in sequence through being atomized by the high-pressure inert gas to obtain the multi-layered gradient materials. Through the method, the nozzle atomization efficiency and the deposition efficiency are improved, and the continuous preparation of the multi-layered composite materials is realized. The obtained gradient materials have the advantages of low porosity of a deposit perform, fine and uniform organization, better interface binding performance and high material yield.


Drinking Water Distribution Networks are the life line for urban population. Disruption in services can cripple the system. In order to supply potable water, the authorities must stick to WHO guidelines. The major problems associated are contaminants, leakage and water hammer effects. The CFD studies discussed in the current paper have shown to provide, an insight on dealing with these issues. Further studies need to be carried out in order to properly use the available tools. An integration of the available CFD tools with EPANET would be the right way to move forward. The majority of the researchers have implemented CFD in order to study the behavior of mixing, leakage and water hammer in WDN, related to North American and European climatic conditions. The current review aims to compile the application of Computation Fluid Dynamics in the water distribution networks.


The author points out that many find unsatisfactory the analyses of visual art by aestheticians of the speculative philosophical tradition. He then considers ways in which the development of a viable theory might be pursued more successfully. H. Wölfflin's hypothesis and the assumptions on which it is based are discussed. Its shortcomings are pointed out, and an attempt is made to overcome them. In particular, the author defends the assumption that the formal structure of a picture as regards its viewing station point used for the depiction of objects is relevant for the analysis of the meaning of a picture's content. Wölfflin's assumption that there are only two such station points that reflect a world view of a historical period (orthogonal (Renaissance) and nonorthogonal (Baroque) to the frontal plane of an object) is extended to include bird's-eye and worm's-eye view station points to accommodate other styles of figurative pictures.  Attention is drawn to the opinion of F. Burger that a station point involves spatial and time factors in the sense of impending developments and changes in a culture's world view.


In recent years the eradication of weeds has drawn the attention of scientists, agriculturalists and environmentalists. P. Stratiotes, L. is a highly noxious weed interface with agro – ecosystem of both coastal and inland hydroelectric projects and public health. It is understood that this weed has caused severe ecological damage and economic loss. In order to control the diversity of P.Stratiotes L, an attempt has been made in terms of chemical treatments. Different concentrations of atrazine have been applied in invitro condition enriched with NPK fertilizers for five consecutive days. The treated plants were analysed bio-chemically. The results indicate the two types of responses of atrazine in P.Stratiotes. The low concentration of atrazine ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 ppm is admissible for effective growth, whereas the higher concentrations have shown an adverse effect on the growth of P.Stratiotes, L. The impacts of different concentrations levels of atrazine in P.Stratiotes have been discussed in detail.


1 With deepest thanks to Robin Worth, Ph.D., for her assistance in preparing this contribution. 2Number of bachelor's degrees conferred by major (1995-2005) were compared by overall 10-year and most recent 5-year averages across French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and several other foreign language majors. With the exception of Spanish, all languages had an equal or lower average number of degrees con ferred in the most recent 5-year period as compared to the overall 10-year period (UW-Madison Office of Academic Planning and Analysis, January 2006). 3 A recent glance at the ADFL job list found no fewer than 38 postings that included expertise in SLA in the position description. Not only was this area of exper tise often required for positions dedicated to language teaching, curriculum, and program direction, but it also was required or considered highly desirable for a num ber of literature specialist positions, at institutions both large and small.


Since multimedia documents may comprise continuous media, such as audio and video, the presentation of those documents may require a significant amount of processing and network resources. Depending on the system configuration and the current system load, it can happen that there are not enough resources to render a multimedia document according to the specification, resulting in a reduced presentation quality. To cope with those situations, documents can be specified as flexible so that they can be adapted to different system configurations and load conditions. We present an adaptive scheduling algorithm which allows to adapt documents conforming to our document model Tiempo in environments with best-effort assignment of resources.


The International Congress of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ICIEM) is held every 4 years in different locations selected by the International Organizing Committee, formed by representatives of the 5 member societies which rotate as host of the event. Despite the fact that we are already in the 13th edition, the 2017 ICIEM happened in Latin America for the first time. The Latin American Society of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Neonatal Screening (SLEIMPN) carefully choose the city of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, which has been renovated to be the host city for the FIFA World Cup (2014) and the Olympic Games (2016). The conference was organized in a brand new convention center in the modern district of Barra da Tijuca, in the Southern part of the city. The 13th edition was a success with 2127 delegates registered from 85 different countries representing all continents, with a total of 1117 abstracts submitted for presentation. The intense scientific program included 7 plenary sessions (22 presentations), 16 parallel sessions (84 presentations), 5 preconference sessions (23 presentations), and 2 extra sessions (3 presentations), with a total of 132 presentations within 30 sessions. In addition, 4 satellite symposia and 13 sponsored symposia were held. The Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening (JIEMS), the official journal of SLEIMPN, published the 13th ICIEM annals with all the 919 abstracts accepted for presentation and the 48 late-breaking news abstracts which are freely available at the journal web site. Lastly, the JIEMS is now offering here a special issue with 8 papers selected from contributions presented at the conference. The papers included in this special issue are representative of the major IEM types, in the sense that the 3 main types of presentation (intoxication, energy metabolism, and organelles disorders) are hereby included, as well as some hot topics discussed during the conference (nutrigenomics, micronutrients, oxidative stress, innovative diagnosis, and therapy methods). We are confident that besides the limited number of papers included here, these contributions are a very good example of the scientific excellence of ICIEM. This special issue also contributes to establish ICIEM even more as the most important event in the IEM field not only for Latin America, but worldwide.


To study the growth and decay of the atmospheric wave motions in middle latitudes, we have analyzed the mechanism for the kinetic energy change in wavenumber domain, and computed the composite average of each term in the kinetic energy equation at various stages in the life cycle of the atmospheric waves. It is found that for the first 1 to 2 days the extra-long waves of wavenumbers 1 and 3 grow by receiving kinetic energy from other finite amplitude waves through nonlinear interactions; in the next 1 to 2 days, they grow by gaining energy through nonlinear interactions and converting available potential to kinetic energy. These waves then maintained their peak energy for 3 to 4 days through the balance between the energy supply from conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy and nonlinear interactions, and the energy lost by dissipation. The contribution of nonlinear interactions then changes to negative; and in the next 3 to 4 days, the waves decay by losing energy through nonlinear interactions and dissipation. The average life cycle of these extra-long waves is about 10 to 11 days. Similar results have been found with regard to the synoptic-scale waves of wavenumbers 4 to 8. They also intensify by receiving energy and decay by losing energy through nonlinear interactions among finite amplitude waves. Nevertheless, the conversion of the available potential energy to kinetic energy plays a more important role in the growing stage of the synoptic-scale waves than for the extra-long waves. The average life cycle for the synoptic-scale waves is about 6 to 8 days. It is interesting to note that the characteristics of waves of wavenumber 2 are quite different from those of the other waves. In all stages of its life cycle, the contribution of nonlinear interactions is negative and the conversion term always has large positive values. We have also analyzed the intensification and decay of the subtropical jet stream, and found that it is greatly affected by the convergence and divergence of eddy momentum flux. The fluctuations of the net momentum flux are mainly contributed by the synoptic-scale waves of wavenumbers 4 to 8. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00814.x


Title: Trial to Incentivise Adherence for Diabetes (TRIAD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial Authors: Marcel Bilger (email@example.com) Mitesh Shah (email@example.com) Ngiap Chuan Tan (firstname.lastname@example.com) Kaye Howard (firstname.lastname@example.com) Hui Yan Xu (email@example.com) Ecosse Lamoureux (email@example.com) Eric Finkelstein (email@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 26 Oct 2017 Author's response to reviews: Dear Professor Mader,


This paper studies the pinning control for cluster synchronization of complex networks in the presence of coupling delay, and perturbation by noise. We propose a novel decentralized adaptive pinning control scheme for cluster synchronization of complex networks using a local adaptive strategy on both coupling strengths and feedback gains. The stochastic LaSalle invariance principle is employed to theoretically prove the almost certain synchronization of complex networks. An example is examined to illustrate the proposed synchronization scheme and demonstrate its effectiveness.


Abstract An element $a$ in a ring $R$ with identity is called strongly clean if it is the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commute. And $a\in R$ is called strongly $\pi$-regular if both chains $aR\supseteq a^2R\supseteq\cdots$ and $Ra\supseteq Ra^2\supseteq\cdots$ terminate. A ring $R$ is called strongly clean (respectively, strongly $\pi$-regular) if every element of $R$ is strongly clean (respectively, strongly $\pi$-regular). Strongly $\pi$-regular elements of a ring are all strongly clean. Let $\sigma$ be an endomorphism of $R$. It is proved that for $\varSigma r_ix^i\in R[[x,\sigma]]$, if $r_0$ or $1-r_0$ is strongly $\pi$-regular in $R$, then $\varSigma r_ix^i$ is strongly clean in $R[[x,\sigma]]$. In particular, if $R$ is strongly $\pi$-regular, then $R[[x,\sigma]]$ is strongly clean. It is also proved that if $R$ is a strongly $\pi$-regular ring, then $R[x,\sigma]/(x^n)$ is strongly clean for all $n\ge1$ and that the group ring of a locally finite group over a strongly regular or commutative strongly $\pi$-regular ring is strongly clean.


There is increasing evidence that the stringent selective pressure imposed by androgen ablation therapy on the residual prostate cancer cells may actually accelerate the development of the hormone refractory and bone metastatic phenotype. The propensity of prostate cancer to establish osseous metastases is very likely mediated by the osteomimetic properties of the prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells acquire these "bone‐like" properties in order to survive in the bony microenvironment. This process is facilitated by common growth factor trophisms between the bone stromal cells, osteoblasts, and the prostate cancer cells wherein a number of growth factors and their receptors are involved. Thus, a general inhibition of the tyrosine kinase signaling pathways may have a therapeutic advantage in interfering with the metastatic potential of these prostate cancer cells. This study focuses on the potential of curcumin, a plant based non‐toxic tyrosine kinase inhibitor in interfering with the development of bone like properties of C4‐2B, a highly metastatic derivative of LNCaP prostate cancer cell line.


The status of a research program is reported in which the performance of cesium-vapor thermionic cells employing carbide emitters is being studied. Vacuum emission measurements were made on a series of samples, which were polycarbides of uranium and zirconium. Certain of these carbides were incorporated into parallel-plane cesium cells in which studies were made of the electrical output characteristics. Results indicated that the cells operate in a discharge mode for cesium pressures exceeding 0.1 mm Hg and that maximum power output decreases linearly as the interelectrode spacing increases. (auth)


Objective: To study the biological characteristics of HBsAg gene-modified DC tumor vaccine in vitro. Methods: Recombinant adenovirus expression plasmid AdVHBsAg was transfected into human monocyte-derived dendritic cells to construct AdVHBsAg hepatocarcinoma tumor vaccine. The expression of transfected gene was detected by Western blotting. Surface molecules and phagocytosis of AdVHBsAg-DCs were detected by FACS. Autologous T cell proliferation stimulated by AdVHBsAg-DCs was detected by ~ 3 H-TdR assay. Cytotoxic CTL activity induced by AdVHBsAg-DCs in vitro was detected by MTT assay. Results: Western blotting analysis showed that HBV surface antigen gene was expressed in transfected DCs, suggesting that the transfection was effective. AdVHBsAg-DCs up-regulated the expression of CD1a, CD11c, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR, but lowered the phagocytosis compared with DC group (P0.05). Autologous T cells proliferation induced by AdVHBsAg-DCs was obviously higher than DC that in control group and LacZ-DC group (P0.05). The in vitro cytotoxicity of CTL induced by AdVHBsAg-DCs against HepG2.2.15 cells was specific. Conclusion: Hepatocarcinoma associated antigen HBsAg can be used as a key point in gene therapy of HBV related hepatoma, which provides an experimental base for immunotherapy of HBV related hepatocarcinoma mediated by DCs.


Symptoms of the low organizational commitment of teachers at Singaraja-Bali City Middle School encouraged this research. Therefore, this study aims to determine the contribution of school management implementation based on local wisdom values tri hita karana and servant leadership on teacher organizational commitment. This research is ex-post facto. The study population was 428 people and with the sampling technique using the formula Morgan and Krejcie (1970) obtained a sample of 235 teachers. The method of collecting data using a Likert scale model questionnaire. The results of the study data were analyzed by the double regression statistical technique 2 predictors. Based on the analysis of data obtained conclusions (1) there is a significant contribution to the implementation of school management based on tri hita karana local wisdom values on teacher organizational commitment with a contribution of 16.89%, (2) there is a significant contribution of servant leadership to organizational commitment with contribution of 27.39%, (3) there is a significant contribution to the implementation of school management based on local wisdom values tri hita karana and servant leadership on teacher organizational commitment with a contribution of 44.28%.


Zinc oxide is compositionally simple semi-conducting material annd has been investigated extensively because of its good transparency, optical and electrical properties. In order to have good optical and electrical properties the ZnO thin film should exhibit a high degree of c-axis orientation and lower value of full width at half maxima(FWHM), which in turn increases the grain size of the film. To meet these demands the microstructure and crystallization orientation of the film should be controlled by the sputtering process parameters during the deposition. This paper presents the influence of sputtering process parameters, especially of the gas pressure and r.f. power, on the variation of lattice constant, d-spacing and grain size of the film. The lattice constant, d-spacing and grain size of the film were strongly influenced by the gas pressure and r.f. power. The lowest values of lattice constant and d-spacing were obtained at the experimental conditions of gas pressure of 5mTorr and r.f. power of 200W.


CASE II. On December 8th, 1859, I was called upon to visit another curious case, which recalled to my recollection the notes I had made of the preceding one. A collier, aged about 50, was descending a pit or coal-mine in a way frequently followed; but certainly such a mode of descent ought not to be permitted, as it is unquestionably dangerous. The descent is made by placing one foot in a ring or kind of stirrup, at the same time holding the rope with one or both hands. He had not descended more than four or five yards, when by some accident, which he cannot explain, his foot was knocked or slipped out of the ring, and his hold of the rope at the same time giving way, he fell at once to the bottom of the pit, a distance of at least one hundred and thirtyfive feet. There was nothing to break or mitigate the force of the fall. He was found alive, but groaning, and constantly muttering, " mny children! O my children !' He was brought up; and I saw him about an hour after the accident. He appeared to be moribund. The pulse was not to be felt at the wrist, the extremities were cold, and respiration very difficult and painful. The slightest motion gave exquisite pain, and I could not attempt to ascertain what amount of injury the trunk had sustained. There was some contusion with extravasation of blood at the posterior part of the right thigh, a slight laceration of the scalp, and the knuckles of both hands were slightly excoriated and swollen, probably from his instinctively throwing out his arms in the vain hope of saving himself, and so striking the sides of the pit. These were the only injuries I could discover, as all the bones of the extremities were sound. He was placed in bed in the easiest position, which was lying on his back, but rather inclining to the right side. Bottles filled with hot water and hot bricks were applied to the extremities; and brandy and water was ordered to be given every half-hour, until warmth was restored. I then left him, and certainly did not expect to see him alive again; but, to my surprise, on the following morning, I found him much improved. His pulse, although still feeble, was regular anid distinct; warmth had also returned to the extremities. The bladder had emptied itself naturally. The chief complaint now appeared to be on the right side; a careful examination of which showed that three or four of the lower ribs were fractured, which, upon the slightest movement, caused great suffering, and rendered the breathing so difficult, as to threaten instant suffocation. The chest was bound up; and beef tea, etc., were ordered. On the third day, the bowels were moved, the pain dimin. ished, and the respiration easier. From this time, the improvement was gradual, and without interruption; so that on December 25th, he was so much improved,, as to be able to walk down stairs, and the only remaining complaint was a slight pain at the side when drawing a deep inspiration. I have said little or nothing respecting the treatment, simply because little or no treatment was required. It was one of those numerous cases of which it has been justly said," Nature cures, and man has the credit." Undoubtedly, it is difficult to conceive, under any circumstances, how the human frame could without greater injury have sustained such shocks as must have been inflicted upon them in these cases. It would have been natural to suppose that the momentum or force acquired by the bodies falling through so great a space, would have been sufficient to dash them into mangled and disorganised masses, more especially as they could not have fallen upon substances more unfavourable-lead in the one case and the solid rock in the other.


The growth of ten exoskeletal structures has been studied throughout the post-embryonic development in Stagmatoptera biocellata. The selection of an appropriate statistical procedure to analyse the data was discussed. In spite of theoretical prediction the least-squares regression technique turned out to be as efficient as the Bartlett (1949) procedure for studying growth. Longitudinal treatment of longitudinal data proved to be the best method for this kind of analysis. All the dimensions investigated showed some statistically significant degree of allometric growth and could be ascribed to certain class of allometry. The adaptative value of some allometric growth patterns was discussed in terms of physiological efficiency. A hypothesis put forth by Balderrama & Maldonado (1973) about the anatomic relationships between the parts involved in the mantis strike, received clear support from this analysis. A quantitative assessment of Dyar's (1890) and Przibram's (1912) rules and their modifications led us to conclude that they are untenable at least for the mantid Stagmatoptera biocellata. However, some periods of constant growth ratio could be identified during the post-embryonic development and the concept of maximum growth period was put forward as a complementary element for typifying structures.


I think a lot of transwomen choose this career because it's a place where we can work— we're by ourselves, no one's going to harass us while we're in the truck. When I worked in the printing plant, I was being harassed ... I had my tires sliced, I had nails put under my tires, I had hate messages put up. One day I walked into work and saw a sign: 'All fags must die.' That was in my face every single day. When I'm in the truck I don't have to deal with that. The fact that people hate me 'cause I'm trans, well then they'll hate me, but say hello to my truck. (Balay 8)


Raman amplification medium (2), and rare-earth-doped fiber which is provided downstream of the Raman amplifier (3), the amplification action for the wavelength-multiplexed signal light, said Raman amplification medium (2), said rare earth doped fiber (3) both in the first excitation light output unit capable of outputting excitation light having a plurality of wavelengths which may cause the (4-1), said first pumping light outputting section excitation light of a plurality of wavelengths output by (4-1), as the excitation light to said Raman amplification medium (2) and the rare earth-doped fiber (3), a variable distribution element (5) which can be distributed with a variable distribution ratio for each wavelength, are wavelength-multiplexed in the wavelength-multiplexed signal light depending on the wavelength allocation of the signal light, the variable distribution element (5) in the distribution ratio and the first pumping light output portion of the excitation light of the plurality of wavelengths (4-1) of the plurality of wavelengths from the excitation light the power control unit for controlling individually and (30), is configured with.


The zinc acetate,tetrabutyl titanate and KIT-6 molecular sieve were used to prepare different concentration Zn-TiO2/KIT-6 catalysts by deposition precipitation method.The catalysts were characterized by XRD and N2 adsorption.The Rhodimin B was used as probe molecule to study the photocatalytic activity of Zn-TiO2/KIT-6.The results showed that the photocatalytic activity was promoted with doping of Zn.The photocatalytic activity of Zn-TiO2/KIT-6 comes to the best when the mass content of Zn is 1.63%(relative to TiO2/KIT-6).The degeneration rate of Rhodamine B(20 mg/L) is 97.6% when the content of catalyst is 0.01 g.


In this paper the Triple Annular Research Swirler, a fuel injector characterized by complex design with three concentric air passages, has been studied numerically. A swirl-stabilized lean premixed flame has been simulated by means of Large Eddy Simulation. The computations characterize successfully the dynamics of the flame and their interactions with the complex swirling flow. The flame is stabilized upstream the fuel injector exit, and the dynamics are led by a Precessing Vortex Core which seems to originate in the inner air passage. The results obtained by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis are in agreement with previous findings in the context of swirling flows/flames.


The purpose of this study to collect data from loca l industries related to the traditional Taiwanese dough figure art and to condu ct interviews with professionals. Using Wu Dough Figure Art Centre as an example, thi s study planned to build a digital archive website with instant and convenient interne t technologies and construct a digital learning platform with creative design concepts, in order to preserve the beauty of art in the local cultures in Taiwan, and to reach the goal s of the holistic education of art and creativity derived from the local cultures.


A new method combined gas chromatograph-mass detector (GC-MSD) and temperature-programmed decomposition (TPDE) is firstly applied to explore the decomposition of KNO 3 supported on zeolite KL. Different pyrolysis process is thus found depending on the amount of KNO 3 supported.


A study is reported of the feasibility of using thin-film anisotropic thermoelectric transducers as various components in quantum electrons. Examples are given of practical realization of such components and a study is reported of their main characteristics.


Detection problems provide a productive starting point for the study of more general statistical inference problems in sensor networks. In this article, the classical framework for decentralized detection is reviewed and argued that, while this framework provides a useful basis for developing a theory for detection in sensor networks, it has serious limitations. The classical framework does not adequately take into account important features of sensor technology and of the communication link between the sensors and the fusion center. An alternative framework for detection in sensor networks that has emerged over the last few years is discussed. Several design and optimization strategies may be gleaned from this new framework


An eight-year-old boy presented to the emergency department for a first-time seizure. The patient had only signs of mild dehydration on physical exam and had an uneventful postictal recovery. First-time seizures in pediatric patients are often benign and require only an outpatient workup; some are dangerous. This case takes the reader through the differential diagnosis and systematic work-up of new-onset pediatric seizures, leading to an unanticipated diagnosis.


Public-opinion surveys during the past decade have placed cost containment at the head of the nation's health agenda.1 The concept of cost containment as it is currently used implies expenditure reductions, efficiency gains in the use of resources, or a restructuring of health-care delivery in which fewer interventions result in no diminution in health status. Health-policy analysts of different persuasions seek support for the reforms they propose on the grounds that they will contribute to cost containment.2 , 3 The Many Meanings of Cost Containment For heuristic purposes, I will distinguish five major areas in which the concept of cost containment has . . .


Objective To investigate the manufacture method of 20 ml pediatric Luo-Ye pump,and conduct a test about its fatigue resistance to observe impulse performance of the pump.Methods Luo-Ye pump is composed of five parts: pump body,diaphragm,diaphragm fixed ring,inlet and outlet of prosthetic valve.the injection forming technique is adopted to manufacture Luo-Ye pump body of auxiliary pump,and diaphragm fixed ring;the methods of cold forming and thermal fixing are adopted to make diaphragm of pump;inlet and outlet of pump are made by medical Tc-4 titanium;valves adopt 17# CL-I(standard form) domestic,artificial,mechanical valves.A Luo-Ye pump assembled undertakes fatigue test on analogue circulatory device.Results Pediatric Luo-Ye pump of 20 mL is manufactured by taking the method of injection moulding,in which the surface is smooth.The pump body is totally transparent.It is tested on analogue circulatory device.And no deformities and leakage are found around the pump body,diaphragm,inlet and outlet.Conclusion Adoption of injection moulding technique could successfully manufacture pediatric Luo-Ye pump,which has stable quality and realizes batch production.Pediatric Luo-Ye pump has satisfactory durability.


The state of knowledge is reviewed concerning the likely impact on performance of 19 different stressors experienced in varying degrees by sonar operators at sea. The literature reflects major uncertainties concerning the effects on task performance of several stressors that the operators feel are particularly prevalent in the operating environment. Some of these stressors may be major determinants of system effectiveness; yet, the literature reflects few well established links between the stressors and task performance. Data on the effectiveness of countermeasures to the stressors reviewed are virtually non-existant.


Three dothideomycetous saprobic species, Clavatispora thailandica, Muyocopron dipterocarpi and Rhytidhysteron neorufulum were collected from dead twigs in Thailand. Multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed their taxonomic placement. Clavatispora thailandica and Rhytidhysteron neorufulum are reported on Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), while Muyocopron dipterocarpi is described from Mangifera indica (mango) in Thailand for the first time. Newly collected species are compared with other similar species and comprehensive descriptions and micrographs are provided.


In this editorial, we shall discuss problems with the provision of health information to healthcare providers around the world and the work of CHIFA1 (Child Healthcare  Information for All).

A world where every child, every parent and every health worker has access to the health information they need to protect their own health and the health of children for whom they are responsible.

Health information can be described as the information that citizens, health workers and others need to protect their own health and the health of others. In this context, it is information that is needed for all aspects of child health: for the prevention of disease and the maintenance of health; for screening, diagnosis and appropriate management of disease; and for rehabilitative and palliative care. More specifically, this refers to the information needed to promote healthy lifestyles, appropriate healthcare seeking, decision-making, accurate diagnosis, rational prescribing, appropriate management and referral. This information can be found through a wide variety of sources; from scholarly journal articles to patient leaflets and mass media, from well-conducted systematic reviews to global and national policy and practice guidelines, from decision-support tools to textbooks, manuals and drug formularies.

Improving access to relevant, reliable and evidence-based healthcare information has enormous potential to radically improve healthcare and outcomes worldwide. The Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care2 states that: 'Primary Healthcare includes at least: education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them'. It is essential that all users of healthcare information can find information that is in their preferred language …


The crystal structures of two important marketed pharmaceuticals, namely, ramelteon (RAM) and tolvaptan (TOL), were determined for the first time using 3D precession electron diffraction tomography (PEDT) on 500 nm-sized crystals. The results were compared with the same structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction on subsequently grown 50–200 μm single crystals, indicating a good match of molecular conformation, crystal packing, and unit cell parameters. The X-ray crystal structures were used to validate the developed workflow of data acquisition and structure solution with electron diffraction. This study highlights that 3D PEDT alone is able to provide accurate crystal structures from pharmaceutical nanocrystals that will suffice for most practical applications when no larger crystals can be grown.


By using the questionnaire survey,this paper makes a more detailed investigation on university students' psychological state,the functions of reading on individual psychological improvement,the adequacy of the books of psychological adjustment in library's collection,and the demand on reading therapy,etc.,and analyzes some existing problems for providing some references for university library to carry out the reading therapy.


[Objective] To investigate the expression of NF -κB and its effect on IL-4 expression in cultured cells from bleomycin(BLM)-injured lung tissue in mice. [Methods] Fifteen C57BL/6 mice (female, 8 wk of age, 17 to 20 g body weight) were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experimental group and the control group were injected normal saline via the tail vein, respectively, but the treatment group was injected antisense oligonucleotids to P65 subunit of NF-κB (900 μg/animal dissolved in 200 μL saline). 6 hours after intravenous injection, the experimental group and the treatment group were treated with BLM-A5 (5 mg/kg dissolved in 20 μL saline) by intratracheal installation, respectively, but the control group was treated with normal saline (20 μL). On day 3 after intratracheal administration, the mice of every group were sacrificed and the cells from lung tissues were cultured. The immunohistochemistry and microscope image analysis were completed to detect the expression of P65 and IL-4 with the average integrated optical density (aiOD). At the same time, the negative controls were set up, respectively. [Results] The aiOD of P65 in the control group, the experimental group and the treatment group were (1.03±0.37), (462.04±152.25) and (29.38±3.62), respectively, the negative control was (0.82±0.41). The expression of P65 in the experimental group increased markedly in comparison with the control group (P 0.05) and the treatment group (P 0.05). However , the treatment group was still significantly higher than the control group (P 0.01), but there was no difference between control group and negative control (P 0.05). The aiOD of IL-4 in the control group, the experimental group and the treatment group were (29.36±2.00), (248.19±39.16) and (47.66±5.61), respectively, the negative control was (0.97±0.37). The expression of IL-4 in the experimental group was also significantly higher than in control group (P 0.01) and treatment group (P 0.01). The expression of IL-4 in the control group was markedly higher than negative control (P 0.01), but significantly lower than that in treatment group (P 0.05). The expression of P65 was positively correlated with IL-4 expression on cultured cells from lung tissue in treatment group (r=0.907; P 0.05). [Conclusions] The expression of NF-κB is significantly increased and augments the expression of IL-4 indirectly on lung interstitial cells during the process of bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. The increased NF-κB expression in interstitial lung cells might be very important in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced lung injury.


The effects of injecting TiO2nanoparticles with phosphorus silicone packing on white color light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are examined. In WLED packages, the proposed approach may increase luminance emission by 2.7%, while the coordinated color temperature will increase by 39%. At the same time, the required phosphorus quantity will be lowered by 5% along with the joint temperature of 6.5°C. The modifications, which boost illuminating performance and also reduce temperature aggregation, are because of the packing material's increased illuminating dispersion efficiency or even refracting indices, along with lower illuminating reduction, for which colour fusing inside the parcels is responsible. Consequently, the results suggest improved-WLED lighting system performance makes the products more appropriate in solid-state lighting.


In 1997 I introduced the concept and the phrase "bio art", originally in relation to my artwork "Time Capsule" (1997). This work approached the problem of wet interfaces and human hosting of digital memory through the implantation of a microchip. The work consisted of a microchip implant, seven sepia-toned photographs, a live television broadcast, a webcast, interactive telerobotic webscanning of the implant, a remote database intervention, and additional display elements, including an X-ray of the implant. While "bio art" is applicable to a large gamut of invivo works that employ biological media, made by myself and others, in 1998, I started to employ the more focused term "transgenic art" to describe a new art form based on the use of genetic engineering to create unique living beings. Art that manipulates or creates life must be pursued with great care, with acknowledgment of the complex issues it raises and, above all, with a commitment to respect, nurture, and love the life created. I have been creating and exhibiting a series of transgenic artworks since 1999. I have also been creating bio art that is not transgenic. The implications of this ongoing body of work have particular aesthetic and social ramifications, crossing several disciplines and providing material for further reflection and dialogue. What follows is an overview of theses works, the issues they evoke, and the debates they have elicited. For almost two decades my work has explored the boundaries between humans, animals, and robots. Thus, transgenic art can be seen as a natural development of my previous work. In my telepresence art, developed since 1986, humans coexist with other humans and non-human animals through telerobotic bodies. In my biotelematic art, developed since 1994, biology and networking are no longer co-present but coupled so as to produce a hybrid of the living and the telematic. With transgenic art, developed since 1998, the animate and the technological can no longer be distinguished. The implications of this ongoing work have particular social ramifications, crossing several disciplines and providing material for further reflection and dialogue. The presence of biotechnology will increasingly change from agricultural and pharmaceutical practices to a larger role in popular culture, just as the perception of the computer changed historically from an industrial device and military weapon to a communication, entertainment, 1 Patricia Decia, "Artista põe a vida em risco" and "Bioarte," Folha de São Paulo, October 10, 1997. 2 Eduardo Kac. "Transgenic Art", Leonardo Electronic Almanac 6, no. 11 (1998). Republished in Ars Electronica '99 Life Science, ed. Gerfried Stocker and Christine Schopf (Vienna, New York: Springer, 1999), 289296. 3 See: Eduardo Kac. Luz & Letra. Ensaios de arte, literatura e comunicação [Light & Letter. Essays in art, literature and communication] (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Contra Capa, 2004); Eduardo Kac. Telepresence and Bio Art -Networking Humans, Rabbits and Robots (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005). and education tool. Terms formerly perceived as "technical", such as megabytes and ram, for example, have entered the vernacular. Likewise, jargon that today may seem out of place in ordinary discourse, such as marker and plasmid, for example, will simply be incorporated into the larger verbal landscape of everyday language. This is made clear by the fact that high school students in the United States already create transgenic bacteria routinely in school labs through affordable kits. The popularization of aspects of technical discourse inevitably brings with it the risk of dissemination of a reductive and instrumental ideological view of the world. Without ever relinquishing its right to formal experimentation and subjective inventiveness, art can, art should contribute to the development of alternative views of the world that resist dominant ideologies. In my work I subvert contemporary technologies — not to make detached comments on social change, but to enact critical views, to make present in the physical world invented new entities (artworks that include transgenic organisms) which seek to open a new space for both emotional and intellectual aesthetic experience. I have been employing the phrase "bio art" since 1997, in reference to my own works that involved biological agency (as opposed to biological objecthood), such as "Time Capsule" and "A-positive", both presented in 1997. The difference between biological agency and biological objecthood is that the first involves an active principle while the second implies material selfcontainment. In 1998 I introduced the phrase "transgenic art" in a paper-manifesto with the same title and proposed the creation (and social integration) of a dog expressing green fluorescent protein. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker in genetic research; however, my goal was to use it primarily for its visual properties as a symbolic gesture, a social marker. The initial public response to the paper was curiosity laced with incredulity. The proposal is perfectly viable, but it seemed that few believed that the project could or would be realized. While I struggled to find venues that could assist me in creating the aforementioned project, entitled "GFP K-9", I too realized that canine reproductive technology was not developed enough at the time to enable me to create a dog expressing green fluorescent protein. In the meantime, I started to develop a new transgenic art work, entitled "Genesis", which premiered at Ars Electronica '99. 4 Robert Atkins, "State of the (On-Line) Art", Art in America, April 1999, 89-95; Carvalho, Mario Cesar, "Artista implanta hoje chip no corpo," Folha de São Paulo, Cotidiano, 11 November 1997, p. 3; "Art at the Biological Frontier," Reframing Consciousness: Art, Mind and Technology, ed. Roy Ascott (Exeter: Intellect, 1999), 90-94.; Arlindo Machado, "A Microchip inside the Body," Performance Research 4, no. 2, ("On Line" special issue, London, 1999), 8-12.; Christiane Paul, "Time Capsule," Intelligent Agent 2, no. 2, (1998), 4-13.; Julia Scheeres, "New Body Art: Chip Implants," Wired News, March 11, 2002.; Steve Tomasula, "Time Capsule: Self-Capsule," CIRCA [Ireland], no. 89 (Autumn 1999), 23-25. 5 Gisele Beiguelman, "Artista discute o pós-humano," Folha de São Paulo, October 10, 1997; Eduardo Kac, "A-positive," in ISEA '97 -The Eighth International Symposium on Electronic Art, September 22 -27, 1997 (Chicago: The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, 1997), p. 62; Eduardo Kac, "A-positive: Art at the Biobotic Frontier," Flyer distributed on the occasion of ISEA '97; Eduardo Kac, "Art at the Biologic Frontier," in Reframing Consciousness, ed. Roy Ascott (Exeter: Intellect, 1999), 90-94; Arlindo Machado, "Expanded Bodies and Minds," in Eduardo Kac: Teleporting An Unkown State, ed. Peter Tomaz Dobrila and Aleksandra Kostic (Maribor, Slovenia: KIBLA, 1998), 39-63; Matthew Mirapaul, "An Electronic Artist and His Body of Work," The New York Times, October 02, 1997; Simone Osthoff, "From Stable Object to Participating Subject: content, meaning, and social context at ISEA97," New Art Examiner (February 1998), 18-23. 6 Kac, E. "Genesis", Ars Electronica '99 Life Science, ed. Gerfried Stocker and Christine Schopf (Vienna, New York: Springer, 1999), 310-313. Also: . "Genesis" was carried out with


In this paper, the problem of object caging and transporting is considered by multiple mobile robots using object closure technology. With the consideration of minimizing the number of the robots and decreasing the rotation of the object, the proper points are calculated and assigned to the multiple mobile robots to form the symmetric caging formation. The caging formation guarantees that all of the Euclidean distances between two adjacent robots are smaller than the minimal width of the polygon object and the object cannot escape. Finally, the simulation results represent multiple mobile robots which cage and transport the polygon object to the goal position.


ABSTRACT John Keats died of consumption in Italy on 23 February 1821. He was treated both in London and in Rome by eminent physicians who have over time been criticized for failing to diagnose that Keats had pulmonary tuberculosis. The evidence for this censure, from the letters of Keats and his companions, along with the publications of Dr James Clark, his physician in Rome, is reviewed and the contemporary treatment of consumption in the early part of the nineteenth century is analysed. We argue that Keats's doctors have been unfairly castigated by modern scholars and that in fact they applied the medical advice for the treatment of consumption that was available at that time.


URING THE last year of his life Kierkegaard was asked by his niece, Henrietta Lund, if he too had been deeply affected by Hamlet. "Yes, indeed," Kierkegaard replied, "but for me it is an entirely different thing. That you cannot understand now-. Someday, perhaps, you will understand it."1 In exploring the full implications of this conversation, we shall find that Kierkegaard was influenced by Shakespeare in three important aspects-his personal life, his psychology, and his aesthetics. In his personal life, he not only identified himself with several of Shakespeare's characters, but even with Shakespeare himself; in his psychology, he found convincing examples in Shakespeare's plays for certain categories of existence, and in his aesthetics, he was greatly influenced by Shakespeare in arriving at his unique conception of tragedy. In recent discussions of Kierkegaard and Shakespeare, critics have been concerned, perhaps too exclusively, with citing parallels between Hamlet's character and situation and Kierkegaard's.2 They have remarked upon Kierkegaard's impossible Ophelia-like relationship with Regina Olsen, which was sullied by Kierkegaard's discovery in 1835 of his parents' premarital illicitness.3 They have noted Kierke-


The variation of Tropical cyclone azimuthal wind speed (V) with distance from storm center (r) is a fundamental aspect of storm structure with important implications for risk and damages. The theoretical model of Emanuel (2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735035.010), which applies outside the rainy core of the storm, matches radiatively‐driven subsidence and Ekman suction rates just above the boundary layer to obtain a nonlinear differential equation for dV/dr. This model is appealing because of its strong physical foundation, but lacks a known analytic solution for V(r). In this paper, I obtain an analytic solution to V(r) for the Emanuel (2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735035.010) outer wind model. Following previous work, I then use this solution to explore properties of merged wind models that combine the outer model with an inner model, which applies to the rainy core of a storm.


A course has been implemented at the author's university that helps students develop their problem-solving skills before embarking upon a chemistry sequence.


Acute kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in more than 50% of patients after lung transplantation (LTx). Our aim was to describe the incidence, risk factors and outcomes associated with AKI after LTx in a retrospective monocentric cohort study.

 We studied all recipients of LTx (> 16 years of age) occurring at Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano between Jan 1st 2015 and Dec 31st 2017. AKI was defined according to KDIGO classification, eGFR was calculated according to CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) Epidemiology Collaboration formula and CKD was defined by an eGFR< 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Chi square, Fisher exact test, t.-test and logistic regression were used to define risk factors for AKI in the early post-surgical period and for CKD at 1 and 2 years after LTx. AKI-related survival was estimated using Kaplan Meyer model.

 Of 78 LTx patients enrolled in our Center, 50% of patients was affected by cystic fibrosis. Median age at transplant was 43 years (27-55); median follow- up was 31 months (20-40). Survival rate was 80.77% at 1 year, 69.23% at 2 years and 66.67% on Dec 31st 2019 (last follow-up).
 AKI occurred in 42 (53.85%) patients within the first week after LTx, respectively grade I and II in 12 each (15.38%) and grade III in 18 (23.08%) patients.
 Pre-transplant low albumin levels and hypertension were independently associated with AKI at univariate and multivariate (p= 0.0018 and 0.0004 respectively) analysis. Pre-transplant low albumin levels, pre-transplant ECMO-use, hypertension, ECMO-use during transplant surgery were associated with severe AKI in univariate analysis but only pre-transplant hypertension and ECMO-use during transplant surgery were independently associated in the multivariate one (p=0.0266 and 0.0463 respectively).
 Survival was significantly reduced in patients affected by AKI (p=0.035); this observation became strongly significant when only mild and moderate (grade I and II) AKI was considered (p=0.0071).
 CKD was diagnosed in 38.09% of patients at 1 year and 35.18% at 2 years.
 While numerous risk factors were related to the occurrence of CKD at 1 and 2 years after LTx at univariate analysis, only grade III AKI remained independently associated with CKD at multivariate analysis (p= 0.0081 for 1 year-CKD, p=0.0154 for 2 year-CKD).

 In our population, AKI after LTx occurred in about half of the patients and was predicted by history of hypertension, low albumin levels and hemodynamic instability during the surgery. Mild-moderate AKI, often clinically underestimated, was strongly associated with reduced survival. Severe forms of AKI were predictive of occurrence of CKD.


Visual search can be guided by past experience of regularities in our visual environment. This search guidance by contextual memory cues is impaired by foveal vision loss. Here we compared retinal and cortical visually evoked responses in their predictive value for contextual cueing impairment and visual acuity.


Since 1990, altogether 16 INCL patients recelved lamotrigine being of 14\16 chlldren. LTC failed to maintain it's efficacy in (LTC) because of intractable epilepsy. The response to LTG rnonotherapy. No severe side effects were found. was favorable in 15/16 children. The severity of seizures decreased significantly in 1511 6 patients, the frequency of seizures decreased in 1411 6. and the effects were main-Key


International law needs to respond to the dual pressures for change brought on by rapid technological development and the promulgation of the "New International Economic Order." While a number of major international negotiations have been mounted in recent years to respond to these pressures, all of them have failed to meet expectations. The value of international law in shaping and stabilizing international behavior will certainly diminish unless the performance of these international negotiations is improved or other methods for effectuating change are found. It is the purpose of this article to explore some of the procedures that the international community has used to respond to these pressures and to suggest areas for improvement or further exploration.


Aim: The most common odontogenic cysts of the jaws are the radicular cyst and dentigerous cyst. The treatment of cystic lesions depends on cyst's location, size and the proximity to the anatomical structure such as maxillary sinus, mandibular canal, nasal cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze clinic and radiologic features of jaw cysts that treated with marsupialization. Material and Method: In this retrospective study, cysts in large size that were located in the maxilla and mandible were decided to treat with marsupialization in order to avoid damage to adjacent anatomical structures. Patients were followed with routine clinical and radiological examinations. Patient data and clinical-radiological features of odontogenic cysts were analyzed. Results: 11 patients 5 females and 6 males were included in the study. 7 of lesions in this patients were radicular cyst 63.4% and 4 of them were dentigerous cyst 36.6% . Mandible was found to be the most affected jaw. The follow-up period varied between 8-40 months. Conclusion: Marsupialization is an effective treatment method in the treatment of cysts in large sizes with a low complication rate


The diel timing of displacement of emerging brown trout (Salmo trutta) was studied by trapping the alevins at the downstream end of three experimental channels. The presence of phosphorescent landmarks on the substrate delayed the catches during the first hours of complete darkness, but increased them during twilight. During daylight, the presence of the landmarks was associated with greatly increased numbers of free-swimming fishes.


The Hebrew word riham (as *trim in the oldest Semitic languages) seems to express only 'compassion', and never 'love'. Such a 'compassion' is almost exclusively divine; and far from meaning a feeling, it supposes a restoring activity: It describes the Compassionate on his task of preparing the definite 'compassion' of the New Creation. The plural rahamim 'entrails', almost always in a figurative sense, refers mainly to Jhwh as well. Despite its relation to the realm of feelings, deeper than in riham, as it points out the divine entrails, it goes on meaning the restoring aid.


The traditional PID regulation adapt ability should be enhanced because of the non line,or large lagging and cross coupling of the objects to be regulated.Thus the concept of condition parameter control is put forward.In practice,the constructs different purposes of function calculation based on PID to improve regulating quality are composed.The paper provides application example and its testing characteristics.


Abstract The relation between molecular structure of enaminoketone derivatives and their mesomorphic properties is discussed. It has been observed that the electron accepting terminal groups (F,Cl,Br,CN) promote formation of orthogonal phases while strongly electron donating groups (OCnH2n+1) favour tilted phases. Among the synthesised compounds, materials useful for structural studies of two dimensional (2D) melting in orthogonal, as well as the tilted systems, were found. It has been determined that the heat effects in the melting process from crystalline smectic into liquid-like smectic, through the hexatic state, are correlated to the density changes.


Differential SAR interferograms map the ground displacements with high spatial resolution. Many signals of interest, for example, those due to earthquakes and volcanic activities, are spatially correlated and are often obscured by artifacts caused by tropospheric and ionospheric fluctuations, inaccurate orbit data, and errors in the digital elevation model. In this study, a method to correct for such spatially-correlated noise in differential SAR interferograms is proposed. This method relies on a general fact that the displacements measured with the global navigation satellite systems are accurate enough. The proposed method is applied to a data set composed of long-strip (~230 km) SAR images acquired by ALOS/PALSAR in Kinki region, Japan. It is shown that long-wavelength noise is successfully suppressed, which enables us to discuss short-wavelength features that were hidden in the original interferograms.


Cavitation action has shown high efficiency of water purification of bacterial cells and cyanobacteria. The general and combined relative series of Bacillus cereus effective destruction in water medium under cavitational conditions in the gas atmosphere is: Ar/US > О2/US > Не/US > СО2/US. It was detected mechanical destructions of the bacterial cells after 1 minute of sonication process and almost completely destroyed cyanobacteria after sonication time of 2-3 seconds. Destruction of bacterial cells is described by a kinetic reaction of the first order. Even short-term sonication of low intensity and low frequency leads to completely mechanical destruction of microorganisms. Bacterial cells after disaggregation retains morphological features and fully viable. But, despite this, B. cereus and Oscillatoria brevis have lost the ability of physiological generation of the cells and reproduction ability after cavitational treatment.


ABSTRACT The presence of braid bars increases the total flow resistance and the energy losses along the boundary, thereby promoting the development of networks of hydraulically inefficient channels. The mid-channel deposition is considered as one of the main reasons of initiation of braiding. Extensive laboratory investigations have been carried out to study the turbulence flow hydraulics in the vicinity of mid-channel bar. Present knowledge of braiding process and mainly mid-channel bar formation is obtained from only few research works. The mechanism of mid-channel bar formation is not properly understood. In this study, the turbulent flow structure in the vicinity of mid-channel bar is investigated in detail. As could be seen from literature, hardly any work had been done on this type of experimental setup. Thus, for validating the experimental results, the laboratory model is developed in the Fluent Software. The Ansys Mesher is used for meshing the simulated model. The Reynolds stress model is used for modelling purpose. The three-dimensional implicit steady pressure-based solver is utilized for the computation. Discretization of pressure is done using the Presto method. The momentum and Reynolds stress are discretized using the second-order upwind scheme. The meshing of simulated mid-channel bar model is done using the Ansys Mesher. Velocity measurements are taken with the help of Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry instrument. The effect of mid-channel bar on the flow velocities profiles is investigated. The turbulent parameters profiles are plotted for points in the vicinity of mid-channel bar. The changes occurred in the turbulent parameters profiles due to the fluid and mid-channel bar interaction are studied.


A novel Maillard-type condensation between a primary amine derived from D-mannitol and a dihydropyranone, was used as a key step to access the unusual morpholine-spiroketal acortatarin A. The synthetic approach also enabled access to a C-2 analogue of acortatarin A, and can be used for the synthesis of related 2-formylpyrrole natural products.


This chapter looks at the ways in which Anglo-American participants in the Liberation of France have been represented in French narratives in the decades since the Second World War, through the developing French historiography of Allied participation in the War, and through the various roles assigned to the Allies in key postwar memorialisation ceremonies in France.


This research is based on the lack of students' ability in mathematical creative thinking and self concept. For that reason, this study aims to improve the students' ability of mathematical creative thinking and self-concept through problem-based learning. Using Quasi Experiment method and nonequivalent control group design, this study is included into experimental research. The population of this research is the seventh graders of Junior High School in the district of Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia, and the sampling technique is purposive sampling, with one experimental group which is mathematical learning using problem-based learning (PBM) and one control group which is mathematical learning using conventional onewiththe number of samples in this study were 74 students. The hypothesis test his study is done by using parametric and nonparametric test (t-test and Mann-Whitney). The results showed that mathematical creative thinking and self-concept ability of students who use problem-based learning is better than students who receive conventional learning. Then, the increase of ability and creative thinking of students who use problem-based learning is better than those who receive the conventional learning and their self-concept is classified as being medium


The substantive purpose of this study was to identify the effect of using ICT on students' personality development. Population of the study consisted of students of two universitiesof Lahore. Sample of the study comprised randomly selected 242 students. A self-developed and validated instrument was used for data collection. Instrument comprised two sections one contained demographic variables and other statements related to personality development of students.  A pilot study was conducted to validate the instrument. The reliability index (cronbach alpha) was .83 which is statistically significant. Data were analyzed through SPSS. t- test was run to identify mean difference in personality development of male and female students. ANOVA was applied to see mean difference in the responses of students, regarding their personality development in different programs. Results showed that use of ICT has a profound effect on Female students' personality. Results of ANOVA revealed that students of BBA department show more effect of ICT on their personality. Recommendations were made on the basis of findings.


An exact derivation of the Thomas precession formula is presented based on the Fermi–Walker transport equation. Given that the Thomas precession effect is not a particularly intuitive phenomenon, such that when discovered in 1925 it took by surprise even experts in relativity theory, Einstein included, an alternative perspective can be useful at an intermediate level for physics students. The existing literature linking the Thomas precession to Fermi–Walker transport use geometric algebra as mathematical tool. Here the mathematics is kept within the limits of the usual vector and tensor algebra commonly used in special relativity theory at a level appropriate for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students.


This study traces Woody Allen's idiosyncratic progress, exploring his film-craft, characteristic themes and storylines, literary and musical influences and his approach to cinema as screenwriter, actor and director. A chronologically-arranged filmography with synopses and reviews is included.


Based on many defects existing in traditional reinforced concrete support demolition methods,this paper expounds the development and application of a variety of new demolition technologies.


Cross-layer communications allows future optical access/aggregation networks to meet stringent bandwidth and performance demands by facilitating the dynamic management and optimization of network routing based on performance monitoring measurements and other higher-layer attributes. Our work endeavours to design and demonstrate a test-bed of intelligent cross-layer optimized network interfaces that can seamlessly and transparently interconnect heterogeneous edge users. The proposed design will dynamically support high-bandwidth applications at low cost and with extremely high energy efficiency. The cross-layer nodes allow for quality-of-service aware packet routing and protection, and leverage real-time optical performance monitoring modules to enable physical-layer aware switching. In this paper, we will outline our vision for the cross-layer network architecture, describing the enhanced networking functionalities that have been developed in the optical packet switching test-bed, in addition to the experimental demonstrations of real-time performance monitoring. This work also involves parallel project goals of fast failure recovery, simulations of network routing algorithms, and a demonstration of physical-layer aware video transmission.


This research aims to find the effectiveness of Android-assisted optical devices learning to improve students' conceptual understanding. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design. This research involved 60 second year high school students in West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. The instrument for the data collection was comprehension questions about conceptual understanding on optical devices tested through pretest and posttest. The conceptual understanding data was analyzed using anava mix design. The result shows that learning optical devices using an android application is more effective in improving students' conceptual understanding compared to conventional learning which is not using an android application


EACH SUB-CHAPTER OPENS WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND MOST CLOSE WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION ARE INTEGRATED THROUGHOUT 1. WHAT IS LAW? 1.1 THE THEORY OF NATURAL LAW READINGS Thomas Aquinas, from Summa Theologiae John Finnis, from Natural Law and Natural Rights Lon Fuller, from The Morality of Law 1.2 LEGAL POSITIVISM READINGS John Austin, from The Province of Jurisprudence Determined and the Uses of the Study of Jurisprudence H.L.A. Hart, from The Concept of Law 1.3 LEGAL REALISM AND CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES READINGS Karl Llewellyn, from The Bramble Bush, "A Realistic Jurisprudence," and The Common Law Tradition Duncan Kennedy, "Freedom and Constraint in Adjudication: A Critical Phenomenology" 1.4 RONALD DWORKIN AND LAW AS INTEGRITY READINGS Ronald Dworkin, from Taking Rights Seriously Ronald Dworkin, from Law's Empire Frederick Schauer, from Playing by the Rules 1.5 CASE STUDY: THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS READINGS Paul Finkelman, from Slavery in the Courtroom Excerpt from official report of the case before Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw (Massachusetts) Robert M. Cover, from Justice Accused 2. LEGAL REASONING 2.1 THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL TEXTS READINGS AND CASES Frederick Schauer, "Formalism" Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell Raoul Berger, from Government by Judiciary Robert Bork, from The Tempting of America Paul Brest, "The Misconceived Quest for the Original Understanding" Ronald Dworkin, "Natural Law Revisited" United States v. Locke Richard A. Posner, "Legal Formalism, Legal Realism, and the Interpretation of Statutes and the Constitution" Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic National Organization for Women v. Scheidler 2.2 REASONING FROM PRECEDENT READINGS Cass R. Sunstein, "On Analogical Reasoning" Larry Alexander, "Constrained by Precedent" CASES Donoghue v. Stevenson Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey 2.3 CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL REASONING READINGS Jerome Frank, from Law and the Modern Mind Mark Tushnet, "Following the Rules Laid Down" Martha Minow and Elizabeth Spelman, "In Context" Richard Posner, from Economic Analysis of Law 3. THE MORAL FORCE OF LAW 3.1 IS THERE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO OBEY THE LAW? READINGS John Rawls, "Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play" A. John Simmons, "The Principle of Fair Play" 3.2 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE READINGS John Rawls, "The Justification of Civil Disobedience" Peter Singer, from Democracy and Disobedience CASE Walker v. Birmingham 4. THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF RIGHTS 4.1 THE STRUCTURE OF RIGHTS READINGS Joel Feinberg, "The Nature and Value of Rights" Ronald Dworkin, "Hard Cases" Judith Jarvis Thomson, "Some Ruminations on Rights" CASE Craig v. Boren 4.2 THE RIGHT TO LIBERTY READINGS AND CASES THE HARM PRINCIPLE John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty James FitzJames Stephen, from Liberty, Equality, Fraternity OFFENSE Joel Feinberg, from Offense to Others New England Naturist Association v. Larsen PATERNALISM John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty Gerald Dworkin, "Paternalism" MORALISM Patrick Devlin, from The Enforcement of Morals H.L.A. Hart, from Law, Liberty, and Morality Bowers v. Hardwick 4.3 A RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH READINGS John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty Thomas Scanlon, "A Theory of Freedom of Expression" Frederick Schauer, from Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry CASE STUDY: PORNOGRAPHY Definitional Preliminary Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton Catherine MacKinnon, "Pornography, Civil Rights, and 'Speech'" American Booksellers Association, Inc. v. Hudnut Ronald Dworkin, "Women and Pornography" CASE STUDY: HATE SPEECH Collin v. Smith Richard Delgado, "Campus Antiracism Rules: Constitutional Narratives in Collision" Charles Lawrence, "If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus" Nadine Strossen, "Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?" UMW Post, Inc. v. Board of Regents of University of Wisconsin 4.4 THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY READINGS AND CASES Griswold v. Connecticut PRIVACY AS A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT David A.J. Richards, "Interpretation and Historiography" Robert Bork, "Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems" THE RIGHT TO AN ABORTION Roe v. Wade John Noonan, "The Root and Branch of Roe v. Wade" Catharine MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law" Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey 4.5 THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM READINGS Mario Cuomo, "Religious Belief and Public Morality: A Catholic Governor's Perspective" John Garvey, "The Pope's Submarine" CASES Wallace v. Jaffree Employment Division, Oregon Department of Human Resources v. Smith 4.6 THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY READINGS Jeremy Waldron, "What is Private Property?" Alan Ryan, "Utility and Property" A. John Simmons, from The Lockean Theory of Rights CASE Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York 5. JUSTICE AND EQUALITY 5.1 WHAT IS JUSTICE? READINGS Peter Westen, "The Empty Idea of Equality" Anthony D'Amato, "Is Equality a Totally Empty Idea?" 5.2 THEORIES OF JUSTICE READINGS John Stuart Mill, "On the Connection between Justice and Utility" John Rawls, from A Theory of Justice Robert Nozick, from Anarchy, State, and Utopia Michael Sandel, "Morality and the Liberal Ideal" 5.3 DISCRIMINATION READINGS Joseph Tussman and Jacobus tenBroek, "The Equal Protection of the Laws" Owen Fiss, "Groups and the Equal Protection Clause" CASE Brown v. Board of Education 5.4 PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT READINGS Ronald Dworkin, "Why Bakke Has No Case" Carl Cohen, "Why Racial Preference is Illegal and Immoral" CASES Regents of University of California v. Bakke Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission et al. 5.5 EQUALITY FOR WOMEN READINGS Catharine MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law" Richard Epstein, from Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws CASES California Federal Savings and Loan v. Guerra Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson 5.6 EQUALITY FOR HOMOSEXUALS READINGS Richard Mohr, "Gay Rights" Ernest van den Haag, "Sodom and Begorrah" CASE Watkins v. United States Army 5.7 OTHER KINDS OF DISCRIMINATION 6. PUNISHMENT 6.1 THE NATURE OF PUNISHMENT 6.2 THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT 6.3 UTILITARIAN THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT READINGS Jeremy Bentham, from An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation John Rawls, "Two Concepts of Rules" 6.4 RETRIBUTIVISMS READINGS Immanuel Kant, "On the Right to Punish" Michael Davis, "Harm and Retribution" 6.5 COMBINATIONS AND ALTERNATIVES 6.6 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT READINGS Ernest van den Haag, "The Collapse of the Case Against Capital Punishment" Jeffrey Reiman, "Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty" Stephen Nathanson, "Does it Matter if the Death Penalty is Arbitrarily Administered? CASES Furman v. Georgia Gregg v. Georgia McCleskey v. Kemp Herrera v. Texas 7. RESPONSIBILITY 7.1 WHAT IS RESPONSIBILITY? 7.2 LEGAL CAUSATION READING H.L.A. Hart and Tony Honore, from Causation in the Law CASE Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad 7.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR OMISSIONS READINGS Richard Epstein, "A Theory of Strict Liability" Ernest Weinrib, "The Case for a Duty to Rescue" CASE Farwell v. Keaton 7.4 MENS REA AND STRICT LIABILITY READING Richard Wasserstrom, "Strict Liability in the Criminal Law" CASE Tison v. Arizona CASE STUDY: LIABILITY FOR RAPE Glanville Williams, Lords' Decision on the Law of Rape Susan Estrich, from Real Rape Commonwealth v. Sherry 7.5 THE INSANITY DEFENSE READINGS Norval Morris, from Madness and the Criminal Law Richard Bonnie, "The Moral Basis of the Insanity Defense" CASE Selection from the transcript of John Hinckley's trial 8. LEGAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE 8.1 THE BURDEN OF PROOF READINGS John Kaplan, "Decision Theory and the Factfinding Process" Frederick Schauer and Richard Zeckhauser, "On the Degree of Confidence for Adverse Decisions" CASE In re Winship 8.2 PROBABILITY AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE READINGS Michael J. Saks and Robert F. Kidd, "Human Information Processing and Adjudication: Trial by Heuristics" Judith Jarvis Thomson, "Liability and Individualized Evidence" CASES Smith v. Rapid Transit, Inc. People v. Collins 8.3 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE READINGS Malcom Wilkey, "The Exclusionary Rule: Costs and Viable Alternatives" Stephen H. Sachs, "The Exculsionary Rule: A Prosecutor's Defense" CASE United States v. Leon APPENDIX The Constitution of the United States of America


We present a preliminary large-scale, neutral Hydrogen emission map of structure around dwarf irregular (dIm) galaxy NGC 1569. These data were taken earlier this year with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). Our primary objective was to search for HI structure potentially connecting NGC 1569 with IC 342 as an explanation for the starburst and peculiar kinematics prevalent in NGC 1569.


The invention is applied to the field of serial port communication, and provides an automatic switching circuit for an RS232 interface and an RS485 interface and a serial port liquid crystal display module. The automatic switching circuit comprises a first photoelectric isolation circuit, a second photoelectric isolation circuit, a serial port state detection circuit, a power control circuit, a data transmission and reception control circuit, an RS485 transceiver and a common channel isolation circuit. In the embodiment of the invention, when the automatic switching circuit adopts a common data display channel for the RS232 interface and the RS485 interface to communicate with a master control micro control unit (MCU), and the common channel is completely isolated, so that the problem of mutual interference of the common channel is solved; the serial port state detection circuit judges the current working conditions of the RS232 interface and the RS485 interface, and is matched with the power control circuit to timely cut off power supplied to the RS485 interface, so that the problem of possible interference when the RS232 interface and the RS485 interface are simultaneously connected can be solved; and in addition, a photoelectric isolation method is adopted to prevent surge and lightning, so that the automatic switching circuit can be well applied to industrial application places.


This paper presents a review on information, communications, safety and entertainment systems. It reports on a forecast predicting that vehicle telematics sales will amount to $7 billion in the U.S. in 2007, and $8.5 billion in Europe. CD-ROM based telematics systems are described. It is expected that "floating telematics", with traffic flow and diversion facilities, may be able to prevent traffic jams. Other references include a Decentralized Traffic Routing System (DTR) to be implemented in Munich, and a discussion on telematics subsidiaries of motor vehicle manufacturers.


34 35 Subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (Scz) overweight unexpected 36 evidence in probabilistic inference: such evidence becomes 'aberrantly salient'. A 37 neurobiological explanation for this effect is that diminished synaptic gain (e.g. 38 hypofunction of cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) in Scz destabilizes 39 quasi-stable neuronal network states (or 'attractors'). This attractor instability 40 account predicts that i) Scz would overweight unexpected evidence but 41 underweight consistent evidence, ii) belief updating would be more vulnerable 42 to stochastic fluctuations in neural activity, and iii) these effects would correlate. 43 44 Hierarchical Bayesian belief updating models were tested in two independent 45 datasets (n=80 and n=167, male and female) comprising human subjects with 46 schizophrenia, and both clinical and non-clinical controls (some tested when 47 unwell and on recovery) performing the 'probability estimates' version of the 48 beads task (a probabilistic inference task). Models with a standard learning rate, 49 or including a parameter increasing updating to 'disconfirmatory evidence', or a 50 parameter encoding belief instability were formally compared. 51 52 The 'belief instability' model (based on the principles of attractor dynamics) had 53 most evidence in all groups in both datasets. Two of four parameters differed 54 between Scz and non-clinical controls in each dataset: belief instability and 55 response stochasticity. These parameters correlated in both datasets. 56 Furthermore, the clinical controls showed similar parameter distributions to Scz 57 when unwell, but were no different to controls once recovered. 58 59 These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that attractor network 60 instability contributes to belief updating abnormalities in Scz, and suggest that 61 similar changes may exist during acute illness in other psychiatric conditions. 62


Weighted sensitivity designs for a class of single-input/single-output, linear time-invariant systems are shown to have the property that the optimal controller has fewer right-half plane poles than the plant has right-half plane zeros. While weighted complementary sensitivity designs are shown to have the property that the optimal controller has fewer right-half plane zeros than the plant has right-half plane poles. Effects of various choices of weighting functions on the optimal solutions are described. >


The video-on-demand (VoD) service over IP based network is increasingly provided with dedicated unicast stream. In the VoD server's point of view, this unicast transmission is simple and makes no problem when there is enough capacity or the service request arrival rate is moderately low. However, in the real world, the video request popularity is highly skewed, so there are often concentrated requests for one particular content and burst requests in case of special events. Those cases are critical for the unicast transmission servers because the server's capacity is limited from its initial design so it results in high service blocking probability. To cope with this problem, we propose a hybrid transmission mechanism with newly proposing "Multi-session Multicasting" algorithm and adaptive session allocation method. The multi-session multicasting algorithm enables to serve unlimited requests within a fixed boundary of the bandwidth consumption and the adaptive video allocation method enables to decide the efficient transmission method for each videos. Therefore, by transmitting highly requested videos through multi-session multicasting and normal videos with unicast, we have achieved improvement on service blocking probability.


The evolution of health care technology assess ment (TA) can be traced to two separate but related areas of research: variations research conducted by John Wennberg and asso ciates and appropriateness research conducted by Robert Brook and his colleagues. These lines of investigation originated in the U.S. in the 1970s out of a need to control the cost of health care, and they have had a major impact on the practice of medi cine in the latter part of this century. A recogni tion of the inaccessibility of health care for a large segment of the population forced policy makers to seek information regarding the availability and utilization of health care services and resources. Unfortunately, information regarding the cost and effectiveness of health care interventions was largely unavailable to decision makers in that period. In this regard, physicians, payers and policy makers needed a source of better information for assisting them in their ability to make decisions concerning clin ical patient care as well as guidance regarding over all reimbursement for such care. TA emerged as a process for providing needed guidance and improv ing patient care as a result of these research efforts. Health care technology encompasses a very broad range of devices, agents, procedures and services. In addition, organizational and supportive systems are considered health care technologies. The prin cipal aim of TA is to provide decision makers, viz patients and their health care providers, with infor mation concerning the alternative interventions available to them to diagnose and treat their illness. This patient care information is of immense inter est to policy makers and payers as well because it directly relates to resource expenditure through reimbursement for such services. TA can be classified according to two main cat egories, primary and secondary. Primary TA involves data collection and analysis from or about patients. It may also involve the collection and analysis of cost data. Randomized clinical trials and epi demiolÃ3gica! observational studies are common examples of primary TA. Secondary TA is a process that utilizes existing data that has been published in the peer-reviewed literature. Secondary TA also utilizes the "grey" literature (industry and gov


Automatic chord recognition has always been approached as a broad music audition task. The desired output is a succession of time-aligned discrete chord symbols, such as GMaj and Asus2. Automatic music transcription is the process of converting a musical recording into a human-readable and interpretable representation. When dealing with polyphonic sounds or removing certain limits, automatic music transcription remains a difficult undertaking. A guitar, for example, presents a greater challenge, as guitarists can play the same note in a variety of places. The study makes use of CNN functionality to generate the guitar tab; initially, the constant-Q transform was used to turn the input audio file into short time spectrograms that the CNN model utilises to analyse the chord. The paper developed a method for extracting chord sequences and notes from audio recordings of solo guitar performances. For intervals in the supplied audio, the proposed approach outputs chord names and fret-board notes. The model described here has been refined to achieve an accuracy of 88.7%. The model's ability to properly tag audio clips is an incredible advancement.


An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur during Rabi season 2001-02 and 2002-03 to determine the effects of bed width, plant row number bed -1 and seed rate on the agro-economic productivity of wheat under bed planting in rice-wheat cropping system. Bed planting in 70, 80 and 90 cm wide beds with two and three plant rows bed -1 along with conventional method and 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha -1 seed rates were tested. Seventy-centimeter wide beds increased grain yield of wheat up to 21% over conventional method. It increased the number of panicles m -2 , number of grains panicle -1 and 1000-grain weight of wheat. Sterility percentage was lower in bed than conventional method. Weed infestation was less in bed planting. It saved 41-48 % irrigation water. The cost of cultivation was lower and gross return, gross margin and benefit-cost ratio were higher in bed planting than conventional method. Key words: Bed planting, wheat, crop establishment. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4418 J Agric Rural Dev 7 (1&2), 23-31, June 2009


Overexpression of microRNA-212 promoted cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in non–small cell lung cancer cells. PTCH1, a receptor of hedgehog pathway, is a functional target of miR-212. The role of miR-212 in cell proliferation may be mediated by PTCH1.


In this paper,through a teaching practice,discussed the " Compatibility" problems in the teaching system between the Architecture major and "Space Composition" course. We wished that could have certain positive effects for teaching reform of " Space Composition".


Objectives— To determine perceived barriers and facilitators to a career in rheumatology research, examine factors leading rheumatologists to leave an academic research career, and solicit ways to best support young physician-scientists. Methods— A web-based survey was conducted among the domestic American College of Rheumatology (ACR) membership from January–March 2014. Inclusion criteria were ACR membership and an available email address. Non-rheumatologists were excluded. The survey assessed demographics, research participation, reasons for leaving a research career (when applicable), and ways in which the ACR could support junior investigators. Content analysis was used to extract relevant themes. Results— Among 5,448 ACR domestic members, 502 responses were obtained (9.2% response rate). After exclusions (38 incomplete, 2 duplicates, 32 non-rheumatologists), 430 responses were analyzed. Participants included fellows, young investigators, established investigators, mentors, clinicians, and those who previously pursued a research career but have chosen a different career path. Funding and mentoring were the most highly ranked barriers and facilitators. Protection from clinical and administrative duties, institutional support and personal characteristics such as resilience and persistence were also ranked highly. The most commonly cited reasons for leaving an academic research career were difficulty obtaining funding and lack of department or division support. Conclusion— This is the first study to examine barriers and facilitators to a career in rheumatology research from the perspectives of diverse groups of rheumatologists. Knowledge of such barriers and facilitators may assist in designing interventions to support investigators during vulnerable points in their career development.


ABSTRACT This paper discusses 'employability' in Translation Studies in the UK. After a review of current practice and developments, I suggest an adapted working framework that can be applied by Translation and Interpreting Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). I will argue that no single prescribed model can be applied to all institutions but that a holistic and collaborative approach is needed for a realistic implementation of employability practices in the curriculum. The context of the research on which the paper is based is the current conversations between HEIs and industry stakeholders. Efforts have been made to bridge the gap, but, according to recent studies, graduates still seem to be lacking certain professional service provision skills that are needed in industry. Employment has become a major concern in Higher Education as few will have a job for life given the current economic environment. Hence, graduates today are better placed if they have been encouraged to develop flexibility and adaptability. HEIs must thus now also address employability skills which, as the paper explains, have come to mean more than just finding employment. The research reported in the paper derives from an evaluation of the University of Portsmouth's Master in Translation Studies where employability and enterprise skills are embedded, and are examined critically in the light of the new context.


The first-order corrections to D-region probe theory are discussed. It is shown that the largest corrections are due to heat transfer and compressibility. These corrections tend to cancel each other for small angles of attack. The largest correction is due to heat transfer and is at most ten per cent. The first-order theory, unconnected, is valid to within ten per cent.


It is an important guarantee for rural economic development to improve the rural land transfer mechanism. Promoting the rational transfer of land management rights has become an important measure for developing the household contract management system. By studying the rural land circulation in some cities and counties of Anhui province, this paper explores the following issues and provides our views and suggestions on how to address these issues. The issues studied in this paper include the policies and regulations involved in the circulation system; how to eliminate the direct security function of rural lands, therefore create a healthy environment for rural land circulation; the principles that need to be followed in rural land circulation; how to establish and improve rural land transfer management mechanisms and market service system; and how to regulate land transfer conducts.


The ever-advancing technology has reformed our work environment and also redefined our life styles. The advancement of computer and cyber technology has allowed "digital" jobs and products to infiltrate different aspects of our society, influencing the ways of modern communication as well as the future course of education practices. Comparing with conventional literacy concepts about "reading, writing, listening, and speaking", "digital literacy" lays more emphasis on the effects and changes caused by a digital context. Based on the standpoints of social constructivism and with experts in communication studies and educators as subjects, this paper reviews the book "Digital literacy for technical communication: 21st century theory and practice" to analyze and discuss key knowledge and abilities required for the future and possible development of related research. Based on the compilation of the book, this review is divided into four parts. The first raises questions about the ontology of "digital literacy", identifies the scope and meaning of "digital literacy" as defined by Spilka et al., and confirms the discourse of this review. The second introduces the evolvement of a digital context and describes its three characteristics-authoring, publishing, and management technology-as the preconditions for developing digital literacy. The third discusses the "fundamental knowledge" for the practice of "digital literacy" and introduces "shaping tools, information design, and content management" as references for communication and education works. The last part concludes the cultural, cross-cultural, audience, and ethical perspectives introduced in this book and discusses how to connect "human and technology" for the future development of communication studies and education.


Title: Sketchbooks of author's original copy: Sincere relics of the creative procedure Abstract: This article considers and reappraises the increasingly obsolete graphic activity. Artists who condense their experiences and experiments in an intimate, frenzied and visceral manner by way of sketchbooks, facing the proliferation of the artists' books as works designed to exude a forced manufacture.


Topological surface states of Bi0.9Sb0.1 single crystal were reinvestigated by using the angle-resolved photoemission measurements. We identify the surface band topology near the point with two separate electron Fermi surfaces. It provides an indisputable picture of two topological surface bands between the and points, excluding the possible existence of a hypothetic trivial surface band proposed previously. We also examine the detailed nature of topological surface bands and estimate the Fermi velocity . The surface band near the point displays a characteristic warping structure originating from the rhombohedral symmetry, and the turns out to be highly anisotropic in both the hexagon-shaped electron and teardrop-shaped hole Fermi surface. Our investigation clarifies the topological surface states on Bi0.9Sb0.1, which is essential for the topological spintronics applications.


There are 10 operating ports in Latvia and 3 of them – Liepaja, Ventspils and Riga ports are regarded as the leading commercial ports. Role of port operation in the economics of region and country is essential from the point of view of employment and entrepreneurship. This is based with data on investment of operation of Latvian ports in GDP, on average it is assessed to be 5-7% annually. In the context of employment, Liepaja Port gives work to 6.9% of human resources of the city. However, concern about the competitiveness of Liepaja Port influenced by the proximity of more developed competitive ports, technical possibilities of the port and dynamics of freight turnover has occurred in recent years. Therewith in framework of this article in the context of such criteria as location of ports and their technical parameters, volumes of freight, specialization and costs of ports, the operation of leading ports of Latvia is intercompared and analyzed by clarifying whether Liepaja Port is competitive among other ports of Latvia. Opinions of port experts on perspectives of port development and statistical data of ports from 2011-2013 are analyzed within the framework of the article. The aim of the research is to clarify the comparative advantages of ports of Latvia. The research revealed that the provision of competitiveness of Liepaja Port is to be related with application of the available free territories, advantages of location in relation to the Scandinavian market, and the necessity to develop the cooperation among ports of Latvia to offer joint freight acquisition, distributions and unified logistics solution and strengthen the position of ports in the circumstances of international competition.


Key content
Polyhydramnios is a common obstetric condition, but its management can often be challenging.
Mild polyhydramnios resolves frequently and is not usually associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
There is a higher prevalence of aneuploidy (10–20%) in severe polyhydramnios.
Unexplained polyhydramnios has been associated with increased rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Learning objectives
To gain an overview of the aetiology and investigations for polyhydramnios in singleton pregnancies.
To understand the implications of mild and unexplained polyhydramnios for both mother and fetus.
To develop an evidence-based approach for managing this condition and provide a surveillance strategy.

Ethical issues
Can we justify the benefits of early induction in unexplained polyhydramnios in the face of associated risks?


The International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) is promoting the improvement of information transparency of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs). Compliance with a statement of principles of transparency and accountability is intended to convert SAIs into an example of transparency and accountability. This article analyzes whether SAIs have used the Internet as a means to improve the transparency of their actions and the interaction with stakeholders in compliance with INTOSAI's statement. Results indicate that, although Regional Spanish SAIs have used information and communication technologies (ICTs) in improving communication and providing greater access to information, there is still a long way to go.


This manuscript analyzes the sucrose responsiveness and the olfactory learning of six subspecies of honey bees from different parts of Europe: A. m. iberiensis from Portugal, A. m. mellifera from Belgium, A. m. macedonica from Greece, A.m. ligustica from Italy, A. m. ruttneri from Malta and A.m. carnica frpm Germany. The six subspecies were established within a common apiary in Würzburg, Germany, and their performance in these two standard tests (sucrose responsiveness and olfactory learning) was quantified to determine whether they differ in these behavioral traits and whether the positive correlation previously established for European bees (ligustica and carnica) between sucrose responsiveness scores and learning scores holds for all subspecies considered.