The purpose of the study were to examine and analyze the influence of education level, accounting knowledge, accounting training on the use of accounting information, and to examine and analyze the environmental uncertainty as a moderating variable that influence the education level, accounting knowledge and accounting training on the use of accounting information. The number of population in this research were 514 owners of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Surabaya. The sample selection in this research based on proportional random sampling and choosen 225 owners of the SMEs. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The analyze method used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that the education level did not significantly influence the use of accounting information. The accounting knowledge and accounting training significantly influence the use of accounting information on SMEs. The environmental uncertainty as a moderating variable moderated the influence of education level, accounting knowledge, and accounting training on the use of accounting information


Task-based teaching method is more and more widely used in high school English reading teaching, and teachers should pay attention to its application principles and strategies when using this teaching method. In this paper, for example, Unit 2 Healthy Eating, a compulsory part of the Humanistic Version, is divided into three parts: pre-reading, reading and post-reading, and tasks are set in each part. The tasks in the pre-reading section are to allow students to have a brief review of the content of the previous lesson and to introduce the reading topic of this lesson; the tasks in the reading section are to allow students to understand and analyze the structure and content of the text in depth, and the importance of the activities in the reading section can be appreciated from the number of tasks designed; and the tasks in the post-reading section are to allow students to produce an effective output of the learning in this lesson. Task-based teaching can break down the difficulty of junior high school students' English reading learning, let students experience the fun of collaboration with group cooperation, enliven the classroom atmosphere, and make the classroom sessions closely connected.


A flexible topological representation consisting of a two-layer graph structure built on-board an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by continuously filling the free space of an occupancy map with intersecting spheres is proposed in this letter. Most state-of-the-art planning methods find the shortest paths while keeping the UAV at a pre-defined distance from obstacles. Planning over the proposed structure reaches this pre-defined distance only when necessary, maintaining a safer distance otherwise, while also being orders of magnitude faster than other state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this graph representation can be converted into a lightweight shareable topological-volumetric map of the environment, which enables decentralized multi-robot cooperation. The proposed approach was successfully validated in several kilometers of real subterranean environments, such as caves, devastated industrial buildings, and in the harsh and complex setting of the final event of the DARPA SubT Challenge, which aims to mimic the conditions of real search and rescue missions as closely as possible, and where our approach achieved the 2$^\mathrm{nd}$ place in the virtual track.


Hypertension is a condition where a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal which results in an increase in morbidity and mortality / mortality. This research is motivated by the increasing incidence of hypertension in Indonesia. The incidence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.1% which previously in 2013 amounted to 31.7%. While the incidence rate in West Java is 43%. This study aims to find a picture of "Healthy Lifestyle in Hypertension Clients". The method used is descriptive research with a literature review study approach, to identify, assess, and interpret all findings on a research topic, and answer predetermined research questions. This study uses 5 journals obtained from google schoolar related to lifestyle in hypertensive clients and then data extraction methods, data quality assessment, and data synthesis are conducted. The results of the analysis of 5 journals found hypertension sufferers have an unhealthy lifestyle. This research is recommended for health services or health centers, especially community nurses to be the basis in providing nursing interventions in increasing client targets regarding hypertension with a healthy lifestyle.
Keywords: Hypertension, Lifestyle


When reviewing the methods of artificial induction of uterine contractions in women in labor, the author notes that the mechanical method of Gauss could be replaced by the electric stool Vergoni or procteirinter. The Stein's method (castor oil, pituitrin), which gave the author only 50% positive results, is considered by O. to be no better than the quinine method of inducing contractions.


1. Structural Analysis of Sugar Chains Part 1. Release of Sugar Chains and Labeling Part 2. Sequence Analysis Part 3. Sugar Chain Analysis by Mass Spectrometry Part 4. Analysis of the Three-dimensional Structure of Sugar Chains Part 5. Analysis of Sugar?Protein Interactions 2. Chemical Synthesis of Sugar Chains Part 6. Chemical Synthesis of Sugar Chains


Scan statistics have been a very important and active area of statistical research in the past three decades. Detecting areas with a significant concentration of points is an important task in understanding the underlying phenomena in many fields such as: epidemiology, politics, crime analysis, zoology, etc. This study reviews how scan statistics have developed in the last three decades, the main concerns of researchers in scan statistics, and how researchers have approached these concerns.


This report summarizes 2 years (water years 1980 and 1981) of additional data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Department of Energy, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves, in the Parachute Creek drainage basin of northwestern Colorado. The data are supplemental to those reported by Patt and others (1982). Data from five surface-water gages, two automatic sediment samplers, and two water-quality monitors are presented. Climate data include maximum, minimum, and average temperature and relative humidity, average wind speed and wind direction, and total daily solar radiation. Daily total precipitation is reported for three stations, and snowcourse data are reported for one site. INTRODUCTION The Naval Oil Shale Reserves (NOSR), located in Garfield County, northwestern Colorado, is an area of potential oil-resource development (fig. 1). This report makes available the hydrologic data collected from October 1979 to October 1981 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. This report is a supplement to the report by Patt and others (1982). Five streamflow-gaging stations, three precipitation stations, one climatic station, and one snow-course station were established to monitor and collect hydrologic data on the NOSR (fig. 2). Types and frequency of data collected in water years 1980 and 1981 at the five streamflow-gaging stations installed in the NOSR are shown in table 1. Data collected on the NOSR are presented in the Hydrologic Data section of this report. For ease of reference, the data collected at the operating streamflow-gaging stations are presented first and include daily discharges (tables 2-6), water-quality analyses (tables 7-11), and suspended-sediment discharge rates (tables 12 and 13). The last part of the Hydrologic Data section contains climate data (tables 14-26). R.95W. 108° 00 R.94 107°52'30" R.93W.


We have been researching and developing a CMOS image sensor that has 2.8 μm x 2.8 μm pixel, 33-Mpixel resolution (7680 horizontal pixels x 4320 vertical pixels), 120-fps frame rate, and 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for "8K Super Hi-Vision." In order to improve its sensitivity, we used a 0.11-μm nanofabricated process and attempted to increase the conversion gain from an electron charge to a voltage in the pixel. The prototyped image sensor shows a sensitivity of 2.4 V/lx•s, which is 1.6 times higher than that of a conventional image sensor. This image sensor also realized the input-referred random noise as low as 2.1 e-rms.


The value of visual analogies in problem solving has been extensively researched, with most of the work focusing on their benefits. This study explores the much less investigated research question of how visual analogies as cues for insight problem solving are generated using freehand sketching. More specifically, we focused on the creative process of the first author who is a professional artist, for generating two sets of visual analogies to support solving a classic insight problem of 8-coin. First set of sketches was generated for analogies capturing the problem insights through static images, while the second set capturing the problem insights through a dynamic, time-based media format. We employed an experiential research method consisting of artist's reflections on his freehand sketching practice in his creative process. Inaccuracy of freehand sketches presents opportunities to generate new concepts of analogy. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how visual cues can be generated, and what principles, tools, in particularly, through freehand sketching, and what methods of practices can be used in research.


When chemists want to determine the structure of a molecule, they typically turn to X-ray crystallography. But chemists often find they can't grow the large, high-quality crystals required for analysis. Now, a similar technique, known as electron crystallography, which works with smaller crystals, is poised to become an alternative. Two teams working independently show the method quickly determines the structures of small organic compounds, offering organic chemists the ability to analyze a wider array of small molecules than they can with X-ray crystallography. Electron crystallography is similar to X-ray crystallography, but scientists study the diffraction pattern made by firing electrons rather than X-rays at a crystal. Electrons interact more strongly with the molecules in crystals than X-rays do, which means researchers can use vanishingly small amounts of material—crystals as small as 100 nm. Crystals studied with X-ray crystallography typically need to be at least 5 µm in all dimensions. Scientists


First-principles together with statistical mechanics calculations have been performed to study the adsorption behavior of H2O, NH3, CO, and NO2 on the pristine graphene. In the first-principles calculations, we find that the most recent van der Waals (vdW) density functional vdW-DF2 gives even larger binding energies (Eb) that those obtained with the local density approximation, indicating vdW-DF2 may be inappropriate for describing the interaction between these molecules and graphene. With the potential energy curves of the molecules on graphene calculated by the density functional theory, the adsorption capacity (n) of the molecules on the pristine graphene is calculated with the statistical mechanics method. NO2 has the largest n of the order of 108 cm−2 among the four molecules on graphene at room temperature and concentration of 1.0 ppm, but still smaller by almost two order than that on graphene devices estimated from the experimental results. This is probably due to the strong binding of NO2 to the...


The work presented is the investigation of the reaction of pure Kaolinite clay with hydrated lime in clay stabilisation. Pure Kaolin olay, ranging from one micron to five microns in size, was mixed with calcium hydroxide in the form of a paste. 'l'hese mixtures were permitted to react for varying period~ of time. An attempt was made to separate the lime from clay lime mixture by density separation using a mixed solution of carbon tetrachloride and tetrabromoethane. Since the above :method f&iled because of the formation of a yellow gelatinous suspension, the lime was removed by washing the clay lime mixture in a concentrated solution of ammonium chloride and finally in water. Electron photoqraphs of clay before and after the treatment were aompared for changes in edge sharpness or corner erosion. No notable changes ware observed by comparison of the photographs. The clay lime mixtures were also tested in the Geiger counter X-ray spectrometer. These tests gave no indication of formation of new pr~~ucte of reaction bet"Ween the clay and lime additives. It ia oonoluded that the reaction is a surface phenomenon only. 2


In maize crop maydis leaf blight (MLB) is a sever disease in Pakistan like other countries of the world. Twelve F1 hybrids were generated in a full diallel mating of four elite popcorn inbred lines. These F1 hybrids along with parents were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshera for combining ability of disease severity. Disease data of four inbred lines with their single cross hybrids were analyzed using GGE Biplot. Both general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) were found significant for disease severity. Pop-4 was identified as best general combiner for disease severity, while Pop-1 and Pop-2 were having the maximum projection on average tester coordinate (ATC) Y-axis exhibiting the highest SCA effects for disease severity. These promising inbred lines need further evaluation across different productive environments in larger field trials to confirm their heterotic behavior.


The peculiarities of formulating and developing a concept of business social responsibility as one of the most important factors of strategic development have been described, the international documents regulating the enterprise activity in the sphere of corporate responsibility have been classified, the corporate social responsibility models and the role of the state in the European Union countries have been examined, the comparative analysis of US and European models of corporate social responsibility have been carried out. The article identifies that many international corporations publish reports on corporate social responsibility, because it leads to increase company image and business reputation. Nowadays, the most developed countries in the world have joined international commitments in the area of corporate social responsibility. It was investigated that the corporate social responsibility has become a key business ideology, a basis of social partnership with governments and civil society over the past two decades. The study showed that Ukraine does not use a number of CSR practices that have became common in Europe such as the cultural specificity of the consumer, social product labelling, consumer feedback, providing information on the product quality and safety, product life-cycle assessment, environmental monitoring, and avoidance of genetically modified products. Therefore, the article proposes a number of measures aimed at improving the corporate social responsibility in Ukraine. Study results have been determined that for those companies that have a good track record for responsible behaviour in the developed countries, the social responsibility is one of the main factors of good business reputation, which enhances investment attractiveness of the company, promotes recruitment and retention of highly qualified employees, increases productivity, supports brand awareness, and creates positive opinion about company's


Abstract : The number of environmental laws and regulations has continued to grow in the United States and worldwide, making compliance with these regulations increasingly difficult. The Army Reserves chose to adopt a program that would include an assessment mechanism to identify compliance problems before they became notices of violation. The concept was to combine Code of Federal Regulations and Army environmental regulations, with good management practices and risk management issues, into a manual as a series of checklists. These checklists would tell what legal requirements were and what specific items or operations to review, and would list a point of contact for that item to help assessors review the questions, or protocols, quickly and easily. The results is the Environmental Compliance Assessment for the Army Reserve (ECAAR) manual presented here in an updated and revised version. This manual will continue to be updated to meet the changing laws and regulations regarding environmental compliance.


Sequence analysis of a 4 kb fragment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI, in combination with Northern hybridization experiments revealed the presence of two genes, designated RH04a and N U D l . The first gene encodes a 32 kDa protein showing significant sequence similarity with members of the ras family. Its 3'-terminal sequence is virtually identical to a sequence published previously as the RHO4 gene [Matsui and Toh-e, Gene 114 (1992), 43-49], which, however, appears to start at an internal ATG codon. The RH04a sequence also overlaps the 5'-terminal sequence of the RNCl gene [Chow et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 20 (1992), 5215-52211 proposed to encode the yeast yNucR endo/exonuclease. The remainder of this RNCl gene overlaps with the 5'-end of the NUDl gene. However, the RNCI sequence lacks a portion of 276 bp that in our fragment is part of the intergenic region separating RH04a and N U D l . From these results we conclude that the proposed RNCl gene is the result of a cloning artefact and that the yNucR protein is instead encoded by the NUDI gene.


In container terminals, containers are stacked in the yard for further operations; either loading these containers to vessels or trucks. These containers have different priorities determined by many factors such as destination container terminal, and the weight of the container, and they are stacked randomly in the yard configuring an initial layout of a bay. If it is required to pick up a target container that is placed beneath to another container, extra movements should be made in order to pick up the target container. The objective of the container pre-marshalling problem is to convert an initial layout of a bay into final desired layout that is compatible with the loading schedule of this bay with minimum number of container movements. In this paper a rule-based heuristic procedure method is introduced and experimented against benchmark instances, and the results show the advantage of this method.


This paper investigates the necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions to a constrained system of Sylvester-type quaternion tensor equations. An explicit formula of the general solution regarding the Moore-Penrose inverses of some block given tensors is obtained. As an application of a particular case, we establish the solvability conditions and the general solution to a system of Sylvester-type quaternion tensor equations involving $\eta$-Hermitian unknowns. An algorithm with a numerical example is proposed to compute the general solution of the main system.


The dog having history of anorexia, vomition, fever, icteric mucous membranes and delayed blood clotting was reported. The hemato-biochemical profile showed PCV 45.2%, TEC 6.52/cumm, TLC 25.2/cumm and Platelets 1,11,000/cumm. SGPT 351 IU/L, SGOT 108 IU/L, Direct Bilirubin 9.1 mg/dl, Indirect Bilirubin 4.2 mg/dl, Direct Bilirubin: Indirect Bilirubin ratio 2.17, Creatinine 1.8 mg/dl, BUN 28.8 mg/dl. Scintigraphy with 99mTc-Mebrofenin revealed 1.86% clearance/hour suggestive of unsatisfactory hepatobiliary clearance due to intra-hepatobiliary obstruction. Interventional approach with Phenobarbitone @ 0.5mg/kg body weight for microsomal enzyme activation and dietary stimulation was incorporated (fatty diet) to facilitate biliary clearance.


The current version of crystalline silicotitanate (TAM5) is commercially available from UOP under the trade name IONSIV IE-911. TAM5 was extensively tested by several researchers and was determined as the best currently available material for removing radioisotopes from various types of nuclear wastes salt solutions stored at various DOE sites. The studies at Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) indicated that the CST granules tend to leach into the nuclear waste simulants as it is processed by the ion exchange columns that is packed with CST granules from UOP. We, at Texas A and M University, agreed to conduct research to compliment the efforts at SRTC so that IONSIV IE-911 could be used for the treatment of nuclear waste stored at the DOE Savannah River facility. After consultation, we developed a Task Plan in January 2000. According to the agreement between Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Savannah River Technology Center, Aiken SC 29808 and, College Station, TX 77843, synthesis and the performance evaluations of crystalline silicotitanates (CST) were performed the during period of April 1 - September 30, 2000. Our main goals were delivery of a kilogram of CST (TAM5-4) synthesized at Texas A and M University in July to SRTC, performancemore » evaluation of CST in nuclear waste simulants, and consultation mainly by telephone.« less


Commissioned by the Turks & Caicos Islands Business Council, this report examined the suitability of VAT to the TCI. Its recommendation that VAT was not suitable was adopted by the Cayman government and, after much debate, accepted by the TCI and UK governments.


OmegaCAM, the wide-field CCD camera for the VLT Survey Telescope, will have an on-line image analysis system, the design of which will be described here. Aim of the system is to provide continuous, real-time image aberration coefficients that can be used to correct the telescope primary mirror figure, and the secondary mirror position and attitude. Wavefront sensing is performed using a curvature-like system, which consists of two CCDs mounted out of focus (one in front, one behind focus) in the outer part of the focal plane. During observations short exposures of bright guide stars are continuously read out, the defocussed images are then decomposed into terms that correspond to wavefront aberrations. The optical design of the wavefront sensor, the image analysis algorithm and software, and system operations will be described.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the effects of pravastatin on the proliferation and invasion of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line.

METHODS
The effects of pravastatin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells was observed by MTT assay, Boyden chamber assay and motility assay. p38 activity was measured, and the expression of p-p38, MKP-1, RhoC and MMP-2 was analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTS
Pravastatin inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. The intracellular p38 activity and expressions of p-p38, RhoC and MMP-2 were decreased, while MKP-1 expression was elevated in pravastatin treated cells. In addition, pravastatin inhibited the invasion and motility.

CONCLUSION
Pravastatin can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells.


The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the monomer ratio on properties of the polymer-modified mortars based on styrene and butyl acrylate latexes, and to obtain basic data necessary to develop appropriate latexes for cement modifiers. This paper deals with the effects of monomer ratio on the typical properties of the polymer-modified mortars with styrene and butyl acrylate latexes. The polymer-modified mortars using the styrene and butyl acrylate latexes polymerized with various monomer ratios are prepared with different polymer-cement ratios, and tested for the particle size of polymer latexes, air contents, water-cement ratios, flexural and compressive strengths, water absorption, and chloride-ion penetration. From the test results, the polymer-modified mortars using styrene and butyl acrylate latexes with the mix proportions of synthesis having monomer ratios of 50:50 to 60:40 for the appropriate mix proportions can be recommended for practical applications. Their basic properties are greatly affected by the polymer-cement ratio rather than the monomer ratio, and are improved over un-modified mortar.


Obesity is commonly associated with development of insulin resistance and systemic evidence of inflammation. Macrophages contribute to inflammatory amplification in obesity and may contribute direc...


The results obtained were as follows. 1. VVOR responses in peripheral patients were usually normal, whereas a VOR-DP with normal VVOR gain was more frequently observed in patients with definite Meniere's disease and in those with sudden deafness accompanied by vertigo or dizziness. 2. VOR-DP was highly correlated with caloric CP and DP, and tended to be associated with the intact vestibular side. 3. In most peripheral patients, spontaneous nystagmus and VOR-DP showed the same direction and this fact can be useful in differential diagnosis with reference to CNS disorders. 4. The rate of decreased VOR-gain paralleled the decline of the patient's condition. The VOR and VVOR test battery constitutes an effective method in the evaluation of vestibular compensation.


Object color plays an important role in object image matching. Color invariants are robust features under varying illumination conditions. In this work, we analyze the estimation process of the color invariants by Geusebroek et al. from RGB images, and propose a novel invariant feature H' based on the basic invariants to meet the circular continuity residing in the mapping between colors and their invariants and improve the color selectivity. The proposed invariant H' in combination with luminance, contributes to enhance the retrieval performances of partial image matching under varying illumination conditions.


A patient who was denied coverage for a specialized surgical procedure successfully sued her health maintenance organization (HMO). In its appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the HMO argued that as a...


This paper introduces the cost-sensitive feature weighting strategy and its application in intrusion detection.Cost factors and cost matrix are proposed to demonstrate the misclassification cost for IDS.How to get the whole minimal risk, is mainly discussed in this paper in detail.From experiments, it shows that although decision cost based weight learning exists somewhat attack misclassification, it can achieve relatively low misclassification costs on the basis of keeping relatively high rate of recognition precision.


The health status of 30 Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) hunted in AmatitlAin, in the central region of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, was assessed. The ducks were weighed, the wings were morphometrically measured, and of each organ the appearance, weight and length were evaluated, making comparisons between males and females, and between adults and immatures. The males weighed more than the females (n = 30, F(1,28) = 9.525, P = 0.004) and the adults more than the immatures (n = 19, F(1,17) = 6.526, P = 0.020). In all the groups the length of the wings was similar, as well as the internal organs had normal color, texture and location. The weight and size of lungs (5.4 g, 441 mm), liver (8.8 g, 608 mm), pancreas (1.5 g, 572 mm), gizzard (20.03 g, 448 mm) and intestines (21 g) were also similar among groups; however, the heart (3.8 g, 290 mm) was larger in the males (n = 30, F(1,28) = 13.513, P = 0.0009), and the kidneys (3 g, 505 mm) were heavier in the immature males (n = 19, F(1,17) = 7.417, P = 0.014). It was concluded that the Blue-winged Teal were in good health when hunted.


The notion of 2-framed three-manifolds is defined. The category of 2-framed cobordisms is described, and used to define a 2-framed three-dimensional TQFT. Using skeletonization and special features of this category, a small set of data and relations is given that suffice to construct a 2-framed three-dimensional TQFT. These data and relations are expressed in the language of surgery.


NASA's Europa Clipper mission aims to conduct detailed reconnaissance of Jupiter's icy moon Europa and to investigate whether the moon could harbor conditions suitable for life. To perform these tasks Clipper will carry a suite of state-of-the-art scientific instruments, many of which are susceptible to the effects of molecular contamination and to interactions with the natural Jovian radiation environment. Recent ground testing conducted by the JPL Contamination Control group in the JPL Dynamitron particle accelerator (high-energy radiation source) has demonstrated that many common spacecraft materials exhibit significantly increased rates of molecular outgassing under exposure to high-energy radiation characteristic of the Europan environment [1]. This includes materials to be used in Clipper's thermal blankets and solar arrays, and subsequent free-molecular transport analyses showed that the increases in expected outgassing attributable to radiation would lead to exceedances of molecular deposition requirements for several of Clipper's instruments during the planned mission. The JPL Contamination Control group and the Europa Clipper project investigated testing and analysis refines in parallel with project mitigations strategies to protect Clipper's instruments. Refinements included improving the outgassing testing configuration and performing higher fidelity free-molecular flow analyses of instrument interiors. The project mitigations investigated include developing and testing alternate thermal blanket materials with a lower outgassing response under radiation and developing contamination shields that block line-of-sight between outgassing source surfaces and sensitive instrument surfaces. These mitigations were considered and coordinated with the impacted instrument teams such that any updates to the instrument requirements, available operation mitigations, or science robustness could be considered holistically. A combination of these strategies applied uniquely to each instrument proved most effective at mitigating predicted increases in molecular deposition caused by radiation induced outgassing. This approach demonstrates a novel method of identifying, assessing, and mitigating radiation induced outgassing that will be relevant to future space exploration missions with exposure to high-radiation environments.


Mathematical model of flight simulation system is established based on a certain type launch vehicle. The models are simulated based on MATLAB/Simulink. The complex models are divided into several smaller system,and the flight ion is realized at last. Taking simulation of first and second flight phase as an example progress analyzed,the simulation results are consistent with the tested data,which proves that the model is accurate and valid.


To determine if hydroxyurea augmentation of antiretroviral drug regimens that contain ddI and/or d4T increases the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy in HIV‐1 infected individuals. In addition, to determine predictors of peripheral neuropathy occurrence in HIV‐1 infected individuals who are on a ddI‐ and/or d4T‐containing antiretroviral drug regimen.


A review on the application of the direct comhustion with high-frequency induction furnace-infrared spectrometry to the determination of sulfur in iron ore was presented,prospecting especially for the main influential factors,such as the amount of sample taken and amount of flux added,order of addition of reagent,time of analysis,pretreatment method of crucible,purification of carrier gas and etc.(23 ref.cited).


The application of CAE technology to RD for ATP system has been described in this paper.Discussion on creating the Opt- ical/Mechanics/Electronics/Thermdynamics integrated software p- ackage used for ATP system analysis and simulation has been ca- rried out.The feasible and superiority of the package were shown by taking some examples.


Nanosized NaY molecular sieves with high crystallinity were synthesized using commercial raw materials without the presence of additive via dynamic hydrothermal crystallization.The influences of aging period of the seed-gel,the temperature and route of gelation,and the alkalinity of the initial gel on the grain size,relative crystallinity and farmework SiO2/Al2O3 of NaY nanoparticles were investigated by XRD,SEM and TEM.The results show that the grain size was effectively controlled by adding seed-gel of aging 4 d and suitable gelation temperature and route.The grain size and framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio decreased when reducing the alkalinity of synthetic system.The nano-NaY products with the average grain size at a range of 82-105 nm can be synthesized by the optimized synthesis conditions.


What is less clear is why it is the church that fills this role and not some other group who is invested in the same ideals. I suspect that the cultic character of Christian life provides some distinction on this matter, but what ritual contributes to liberal Christianity is not adequately spelled out by Hobson. What we learn is that ritual does not necessarily equate to sacramental, and that practices of worship and service are essential to the liberal Christian equation, yet Hobson seems of two minds when it comes to defining what the cultic and ritual aspects of the church are meant to do. At one level, ritual is to be avoided if it becomes the source of "institutional regulation"; at another level, Christianity at its base is cultic, and ritual the central application of this cultic life. It would seem that communal celebration is a critical aspect of Christian life as long as the "institution" doesn't interfere. This notion supports Hobson's concern with individual liberty all the while raising a serious question about the worth of the church. In Reinventing Liberal Christianity, Hobson has cleared some conceptual ground in order to promote a vision of liberal Christianity that seeks a closer walk between the life of the church and the liberal state. Critics of this arrangement might not find Hobson's project convincing, yet he has written an engaging text that seeks to secure a liberal vision as a viable Christian tradition.


"Computers and computational methods play an increasingly important role in the life sciences, and currently form an indispensable tool for a wide range of scientific applications. Bioinformatics is the application of techniques from information technology (computer science, statistics and mathematics). This interdisciplinary approach is rapidly revolutionizing biology. A survey of software tools for bioinformatics is presented. A special emphasis is placed on the visual aspects of these tools. The most important visualization tasks in bioinformatics are data sequence visualization and visualizing protein structures. The visualization of interactions between molecules in a metabolic pathway or network is an emerging area. Many important visualization techniques have yet to be applied in this application area."


In April 1861, a local newspaper commented favourably on permission being granted to allow the policemen of Newcastle upon Tyne to wear moustaches, and on the moustaches they subsequently grew. The article demonstrates that these moustaches had an important role to play in the visual construction and performance of social, collective, and professional identities for individual members of the police force in Newcastle in 1861. It suggests that in requesting permission, acting upon it, and in the type of facial hair that they grew, the policemen revealed how they saw themselves, and how they wanted to be seen. This offers an opportunity to hear a voice often excluded from historical narratives, that of the 'ordinary' policemen in the provinces, exercising an agency that might be unexpected in the mid-nineteenth century. The article argues that their moustaches enabled Newcastle's policemen to express a sense of belonging to their local force and their awareness of being part of a larger, nationwide phenomenon, evidence of the development of a police culture with a positive and specifically fashioned self-image. As such, it contributes an unusual perspective on police professionalisation and identity in an important period of change.


Population issues are one of the big problems of a country because it has multi aspects impact, therefore a great strategy and method of contraception necessary to solve this problem especially by back to nature concept. The goal of this study is to know the effect of the extract leaves and seed Neem to the reproduction function of female mice. Complete random design was used as this research design with 7 treatment  groups control (K),  B1, B2, B3 = Neem leaves extract in doses 5%, 10%, 20% and B4, B5, B6 = Neem seeds extract in doses 5%, 10%, 20%, with three times duplication and further test was used is Beda Nyata Terkecil  (BNT) test (the smallest significant difference test). Parameter s were measured are pregnancy viability, litter size, and weight of mice babies. The result show that treatment by Neem leaves and seeds extract can decrease the pregnancy viability on the mice, although statistically it is not significant compared with control group (p>0.05). The treatment groups show significant effect than control group on the litter size (p<0.05). Treatment with Neem seeds extract 20% show significant difference compared with leaves extract. The higher dose of treatment cause lower litter size number. Beside that treatment also result significant impact to the weight of offspring (p<0.05) statistically. Due to the result, it could be concluded that from all the treatments were observed, seed Neems extract 20% has effect on the reproduction system more than Neem leaves extract for all of doses.


The possibilities that occur in using specialized hardware for the accelerated execution of a number of computational steps in solving the problem of spatial localization of an object using the modern algorithm Semi-Dense SLAM are considered. As a hardware platform for implementing the localization system, a programmable system is used on a Xilinx Zynq-7020 chip, which consists of two ARM Cortex-A9 processor cores and an array of programmable logic (FPGA). An estimate of the amount of hardware resources required to perform spatial localization is presented. It is shown that the application of the developed computational pipeline allows to significantly increase the localization rate. The results of the research can be used to design navigation systems for unmanned aerial vehicles and autonomous vehicles, as well as augmented reality systems.


Network operators are constantly trying to increase their capacity and coverage at minimal cost. Femtocells are low cost base stations that are deployed indoors either by home users or by network operators to increase capacity and coverage. As femtocells are randomly deployed, this causes an increase in the interference. This ultimately reduces the quality of service (QoS) and also affects the fairness of the system. In this work we try to reduce interference by proposing a power optimization algorithm that optimizes the value of the transmission power of the femto access points in a decentralized manner so that the interference with the adjacent cells and user equipment is reduced. When used with certain schedulers such as maxmin, proportional fair, and resource fair, this optimum power optimizes the average cell throughput, the peak user equipment (UE) throughput, the cell edge UE throughput, and the system fairness and efficiency.


All personnel involved in the installation and maintenance of a Type I Wiper should read and understand all instructions contained herein before attempting installation or maintenance. Personnel should also be familiar with any drawings depicting the sight glass or sight flow indicator assembly incorporating a Type I Wiper and have the drawings, if available, on hand during installation or maintenance.


This study include about emission and fuel economy characteristics of the Lupo 3L TDI is the
world's first-ever production-line unit inj ector type 3 liter car. On the results of test, the fuel
economy was below then of volkswagen's reports. But that was very considerable because to
consider the research trend of the vehicle makers, most of all research is focused to reduce
the CO2 and high performance than another advanced vehicle. In case of emission, the test
results was be satisfied with the EURO3 regulation but to be unreliable the EURO4.


Objective:To investigate the influence of the swimming and touching on the neonatal growth and development.Methods:180 neonates of full term delivery based on neonatal parents consent were randomly divided into the observation group(90 neonates,swimming and touching) and the control group(90 neonates,singly bathing).The sleeping quality,the time of the first defecation,the time of meconium turned yellow,the increase of body weight were observed in both groups.Results:The time of the first defecation and the time of meconium turned yellow in the observation group were obviously advanced compared with those in the control group.The increase of the intake of milk,the prolongation of sleeping time and the increase of body weight after 28 days in the observation group were better than those in control group.There was significant difference in both groups.Conclusion:The swimming and touching can promote the neonatal growth and development.


In Argentina, as in the rest of Latin America, the growing conflict around the dispute for common property does not cease, while global environmental degradation is impossible to hide in the face of scientific evidence. The article focuses on the lack of coherence between the devastating effects of our system of life and the absence of a pedagogical counterpart in the Argentinean educational system. The purpose is to integrate theoretical foundations for a proposal of political and conceptual guidelines, in terms of critical environmental education. Such foundations are formed from a bibliographic compilation based on the environmental and pedagogical critical thinking of Latin America. The text consists of an introduction and three sections: (1) the state of the art in terms of policy; (2) the authors' position on what environmental education is proposed; and (3) some urgent grammars to pervade the education system. It closes with the emerging challenges in the current context


Arguing that the war in the east has been overshadowed in public remembrance by literary depictions of the war on the western front, Eva Horn delves into novelistic portrayals of the eastern front. The chapter finds that, in contrast to the traumatic technologized trench warfare of the west, the "wild war" on the eastern front was "not a war of machines but a war of bodies and mentalities, not a war of nations but of ethnicities, not a war of destruction from a distance but a dirty, destructive interaction between enemies."


This paper describes a strategy to follow whilst playing the Rock-Paper-Scissors game. Instead of making a biased decision, a rule is adopted where the outcomes of the game from the last few turns are observed and then a deterministic decision is made. Such a strategy is encoded into a genetic string and a genetic algorithm works on a population of such strings. Good strings are produced in later generations. Such a strategy is found to be successful, and its efficiency is demonstrated by testing the strategy against both systematic and human strategies.


It was previously confirmed that the apoptotic and necrotic neurons are found during the acute post‐traumatic period, suggesting the induction of apoptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). To further explore the involvement of apoptotic factors in TBI, an apoptosis antibody array was conducted to measure the alterations of apoptotic factors in rat brain cortex after TBI. As a result, the Neurological Severity Scale (NSS) scores after TBI were increased, and the cell morphology of the brain cortex was destructed with increased neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the caspase‐3 activity was increased, and the apoptotic‐related factors TNF‐α and p53 were up‐regulated in the brain cortex. More importantly, in vitro experiments demonstrated that down‐regulation of TNF‐α in oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cells increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis and the p53 expression. These results suggested the involvement of TNF‐α–induced apoptotic signalling pathway by activating p53 in the molecular mechanism of neurological injury.


In 2002, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to determine baseline habitat suitability on the Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife Project, an acquisition completed by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in 1992. Evaluation species and appropriate models include bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, Canada goose, mallard, muskrat, and yellow warbler. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values were visually estimated and agreed upon by all HEP team members. The Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife Project provides a total of 936.76 Habitat Units (HUs) for the species evaluated. Open water habitat provides 71.92 HUs for Canada goose, mallard, and muskrat. Shoreline and island habitat provide 12.77 HUs fore Canada goose and mallard. Cattail hemi-marsh provides 308.42 HUs for Canada goose, mallard, and muskrat. Wet meadow provides 208.95 HUs for Canada goose and mallard. Scrub-shrub wetlands provide 14.43 HUs for yellow warbler, mallard, and white-tailed deer. Deciduous forested wetlands provide 148.62 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, mallard, and white-tailed deer. Grassland meadow provides 3.38 HUs for Canada goose. Conifer forest provides 160.44 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, and white-tailed deer. The objective of using HEP at the Pend Oreille Wetlands Wildlife Project and other protected properties is to document the quality and quantity ofmore » available habitat for selected wildlife species. In this way, HEP provides information on the relative value of the same area at future points in time so that the effect of management activities on wildlife habitat can be quantified. When combined with other tools, the baseline HEP will be used to determine the most effective on-site management, restoration, and enhancement actions to increase habitat suitability for targeted species. The same process will be replicated every five years to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies in improving and maintaining habitat conditions while providing additional crediting to BPA for enhanced habitat values.« less


The study of the relationship soil-vegetation was carried out in the plateau of ignimbritas of Santa Rosa, located to the northwest of Costa Rica. The main objective was to analyze the distribution and the physomic, structural, floristic and ecological vegetation characteristic, according to its relationship with the soil. The study area is dominated by a topography where they alternate the relief of plateaus and valleys of plane bottom. In the plateaus the floors are sour, rocky, not very deep and of low fertility for what dominates the open and thorny vegetation of the savanna and the steppe. On the contrary, in the valleys of plane bottom, the floors are deep and with enough organic matter, that favors the installation of the deciduos dry forest.


Purpose – Dolphin excursions have become increasingly popular worldwide. Many past studies assessing the value of dolphin excursions use choice-based methods such as the conjoint analysis. However, this method is often criticized as being hypothetical. The purpose of this paper is to describe a relatively low cost but effective approach to enhance understanding of consumer preference obtained by conjoint analysis. The method relies heavily on using internet-based survey tools. Design/methodology/approach – Enabled by an online tool, individuals are asked to self-explicate their preferred alternatives using the same attributes as are found in the conjoint design. The difference between the self-constructed, preferred alternatives and those offered in conjoint experiment are incorporated into choice models. Unlike previous research where only rough estimates can be provided, the proposed method allows precise capture of respondents' preferred alternative through the automated online survey design. Findings ...


Background: Multiple variables interact constantly to maintain the hemodynamic statusof patients. The shock index (SI), the modified shock index (MSI), and the age shock index(ASI) have been studied in different clinical settings to predict hemodynamic instability andassociated outcomes. These indices are calculated from simple hemodynamic parameters,are non-invasive, and represent no additional expense. We wanted to analyze the performanceof these three different indices in the patients admitted to our hospital.Methods: We performed a retrospective study in which we identified all adult patients(>18 years, <89 years) admitted to the University Medical Center in Lubbock, Texas, from10/01/2015 until 9/30/2016. We collected basic clinical information, including age, initialblood pressure measurements, discharge diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.With these variables we calculated for each patient the admission SI (defined as heart rate/systolic blood pressure), MSI (heart rate/mean arterial pressure), and ASI (age × SI). Weseparated the patients according to their admission diagnoses and calculated the median and25th–75th percentiles for those parameters. We also compared mortality and LOS based ontheir admission SI using two different cutoff points at 0.7 and 1.0, their admission MSI (cutoff:1.3), and their ASI (cutoff: 50).Results: A total of 18,478 adult patients admitted to our institution were included in thisstudy. The median age was 53 years, the median LOS was 4 days, and the overall mortalitywas 3.8%. The median SI was 0.67; 43.3% of patients had an SI > 0.7 and 8.11% had anSI > 1.0. The median SI calculated for the patients with sepsis was 0.88; this was higher than therest of admission diagnoses (p < 0.001). The mortality of the patients with an SI > 0.7 was 5.1%and with SI > 1.0 was 11.3% (p < 0.001). When comparing the MSI, those with an MSI > 1.3 hada mortality of 10.3%, and those with an ASI > 50 had a mortality of 10.0% (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The SI, MSI, and ASI are non-invasive calculations that may provide usefulinformation when triaging patients early during admission. The diagnosis of sepsis results in ahigher median SI, which may represent better prediction in outcomes compared with the restof admission diagnoses. In our study, the three indexes performed equally. Since the SI witha cut-off of 1.0 identified patients with higher mortality risk, we would recommend using thiscut-off instead of 0.7.


The goal of robust design optimization for the supply chain is to improve the quality of the supply chain by minimizing the deteriorating effects of noise variables. This robustness can be achieved by different approaches such as meta-model-based robust design optimization. However, the aforementioned methods nearly ignore the meta-modeling uncertainty quantifying the mismatch between the meta-model and the simulation process. But meta-modeling uncertainty may have much effect on the results of the robust design optimization for the supply chain. In this paper, we consider the compound effect of both uncertainty in noise variables and meta-modeling uncertainty and apply the results to Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. Simulation results show the robust optimization considering the meta-modeling uncertainty may require order quantities that differ from the robust optimization with considering meta-modeling uncertainty.


The geography and geology and history of human settlement of the Cumberland Lowland is decribed and the choice of sites for the investigation of the vegetational history of the region discussed in relation to these factors. The principles underlying the presentation and zonation of the pollen diagrams are set out.


The relative rates of halogenation of XC6H4CH2Cl with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl4 at 80° and with sulphuryl chloride in benzene at 40° are correlated by the Hammett equation to give ρ+–1·30 (r0·993) and ρ–0·63 (r0·997), respectively. These results are consistent with the different nature of the transition states of atomic bromine and the benzene-complexed chlorine atom with the substrates XC6H4CH2Y previously observed. Benzylic halogenation of PhCH2Y with the two reagents has also been examined. The effect of Y on the reactivity shows that CH3∼ Ph > H > CH2Cl > CH2F > CH2CN > Cl > CN towards the benzene-complexed chlorine atom, and the reactivity values correlated by the Hammett equation for σp+ and σp gave ρ–1·90 and ρ–2·44 (r 0·94 for both).


S TUDIES of the writings of Komparu Zenchiku k 1405-1470?, sarugaku R actor,' troupe master, and playwright, link them closely to those of the leader of the Kanze Mt troupe, Zeami tHiJqN, 1363-1443. Zenchiku's texts are obscure and difficult in various ways, and scholars have developed various reading strategies. An approach in recent years has been to treat Zenchiku's work as if it were a systematization of Zeami's thought, reading Zenchiku's writings through the lens, as it were, of Zeami's works.2 This strategy finds much of its justification in the personal relationship between the two men, for Zenchiku had a direct, personal, and intellectual relationship with Zeami; in addition, he married Zeami's daughter. A number of Zeami's writings on sarugaku, as well as playscripts and letters, came into Zenchiku's hands, and in his old age, Zeami wrote an assessment of him, featuring him as the artist who might transmit the Kanze tradition to future generations. The two men are, in fact, regarded as successive representatives of a single artistic tradition. Discussion of their relationship tends, in consequence, to be colored by conventional images of medieval artistic lineages, and Zeami has been treated as an exemplar of the master in a medieval michi 5A (a 'path' to artistic enlightenment). Zenchiku, for his part, tends to be presented as an ideal deshi gg+, or disciple: respectful, sincere, and self-effacing.


The main goal of this paper is to analyze intellectual property rights at the international level and draw conclusions about similarities and differences among international systems. For this purpose, intellectual property rights in the European Union (EU), United States and China were analyzed and compared. The analysis results show that there are common elements of intellectual property rights among the countries analyzed, which is to be expected, since they are all members of the World Intellectual Property Organization. However, certain differences exist, primarily in the degree of implementation and duration of rights. Since the EU and the United States have the most developed systems of intellectual property rights, they have the most to lose by cooperating with countries with poor intellectual property rights systems. On the other hand, during the last few decades, China has emerged as a global leader and important trading partner. Although China is developing its system of intellectual property rights, many provisions are not being applied, or are misinterpreted in international cooperation due to language or other barriers, and this diminishes the desire for investment and technology transfer resulting in economic damage to firms holding original intellectual property rights.


The invention provides a method for preparing sulfhydryl compounds by hydroxyl substitution and the sulfhydryl compounds. According to the method, low-cost and easily-obtained benzene or fused ring compounds with phenolic hydroxyl groups or benzyl hydroxyl substituents serving as raw materials to react with the raw materials such as inorganic sulfide under the catalysis conditions to prepare the corresponding sulfhydryl compounds. The method has the advantages that the preparation method is simple, convenient and rapid, low in cost, mild in reaction condition, high in reaction site selectivity and high in yield, a post-processing process is simple, and no pollution is caused.


Consider the geodesic flow on a real-analytic, closed, and strictly convex hypersurface $M$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, equipped with the Euclidean metric. The flow is entirely determined by the manifold and the Riemannian metric. Typically, geodesic flows are perturbed by perturbing the metric. In the present paper, only the Euclidean metric is used, and instead the manifold $M$ is perturbed. In this context, analogues of the following theorems are proved: the bumpy metric theorem; a theorem of Klingenberg and Takens regarding generic properties of $k$-jets of Poincare maps along geodesics; and the Kupka-Smale theorem. Moreover, the proofs presented here are valid in the real-analytic category. Together, these results imply the following two main theorems: there is a $C^{\omega}$-open and dense set of real-analytic, closed, and strictly convex surfaces $M$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$ on which the geodesic flow with respect to the Euclidean metric has a hyperbolic periodic orbit with a transverse homoclinic orbit; and if $M$ is a real-analytic, closed, and strictly convex hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^n$ (with $n \geq 3$) on which the geodesic flow with respect to the Euclidean metric has a nonhyperbolic periodic orbit, then $C^{\omega}$-generically the geodesic flow on $M$ with respect to the Euclidean metric has a hyperbolic periodic orbit with a transverse homoclinic orbit.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on outbound tourists' intention to visit a destination through a dual-process perspective – the central route of argument quality (AQ) and the peripheral route of source credibility (SC). With the pervasion of Web 2.0 and information and communication technology, user-generated content (UGC) has become popular in the online environment, and it affects consumers' decisions greatly. Design/methodology/approach – A structural model based on Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) is proposed in this study to explore the influence of eWOM on outbound tourists' intention to visit a destination. Empirical data were collected among Chinese outbound tourists via an online survey. The data were analyzed using structural equation model with SPSS Amos 22.0. Findings – The research results indicate that tourist's attitude toward a destination was positively influenced by AQ of eWOM, and i...


Data compression has been widely adopted to release mobile devices from intensive write pressure. Delta compression is particularly promising for its high compression efficacy over conventional compression methods. However, this method suffers from non-trivial system overheads incurred by delta maintenance and read penalty, which prevents its applicability on mobile devices. To this end, this paper proposes DeltaFS, a metadata-enabled Delta compression on log-structured File System for mobile devices, to achieve utmost compressing effi-ciency and zero hardware costs. DeltaFS smartly exploits the out-of-place updating ability of Log-structured File System (LFS) to alleviate the problems of write amplification, which is the key bottleneck for delta compression implementation. Specifically, DeltaFS utilizes the inline area in file inodes for delta maintenance with zero hardware cost, and integrates an inline area manage strategy to improve the utilization of constrained inline area. Moreover, a complimentary delta maintenance strategy is incorporated, which selectively maintains delta chunks in the main data area to break through the limitation of constrained inline area. Experimental results show that DeltaFS substantially reduces write traffics by up to 64.8%, and improves the I/O performance by up to 37.3%. 1


Grapes, the quintessential quality factor in winemaking, are found in certain areas of the globe where viticulture thrives. The quality of wine products is directly influenced by the quality of the grapes, their process technology, the care and the quality of the premises and equipment used, as well as the conditions for the storage and use of the wines. In most red wine-making processes, it is preferred that the maceration process is accompanied by the fermentation process, as increase in the alcohol content favours the intensification of the extraction process. For this reason, both processes are combined in a single technological operation known as maceration-fermentation. The largest amount of polyphenolic compounds of wine, anthocyanins and tannins comes from the solid parts of the grapes - the skins and seeds, and these have a decisive influence on the phenolic character of wines. Maceration is a fractional extraction which leads to the dissolution of the useful components of the grapes, which give the flavour, colour and taste typical of red wine. The aim of this research was to analyse the effect of different techniques of maceration fermentation on the phenolic composition of red wines obtained from Merlot, Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties in Copou-Iasi vineyard compared to red wines obtained from the same varieties in Murfaltar vineyard, located in the northeast and south of Romania, respectively. Wines obtained by maceration-fermentation in rotating tanks have higher values of the Folin-Ciocâlteu index (wines obtained from Pinot noir) in contrast to those obtained by the classical maceration-fermentation technique (wines obtained from Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon).


ABSTRACT The results of the first two of a series of experiments in a study to determine if organisms exposed to natural oil seepage have a higher tolerance to a spill of similar crude oil than organisms that have not been exposed to natural oil seepage are presented. My tilus californianus from different localities along the California Coast were exposed to varying crude oil concentrations in the laboratory. The data shows a higher tolerance to oil in M. californianus from a natural oil seep area than in M. californianus from non-oil seep areas. There is also a different tolerance to oil between M. californianus from different non-oil seep areas.


Absolute threshold generalized selection combining (AT-GSC) is a combining scheme which intends to reduce the power consumption and hence, extend the battery life at the terminal end. An AT-GSC scheme requires channel estimation for its operation. Previous works studying AT-GSC have exclusively examined AT-GSC systems under the assumption of perfect channel estimation. Maximal-ratio-combining is a special case when the threshold is set very low and all the branches are chosen, which consumes maximum power. We derive the average bit error rate (BER) and the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for AT-GSC when there is channel estimation error. The effects of channel estimation errors on the BER and combiner output SNR are studied.


Program areas that were generally working well in malaria in pregnancy programs (MIP) included: (1) integration of MIP interventions into antenatal care; (2) development of up-to-date policies; (3) active involvement of communities; and (4) development of capacity-building materials for training. Challenges remain in the areas of: (1) commodities; (2) quality assurance; (3) monitoring and evaluation; and (4) financing. Program areas that were generally working well in malaria in pregnancy programs (MIP) included: (1) integration of MIP interventions into antenatal care; (2) development of up-to-date policies; (3) active involvement of communities; and (4) development of capacity-building materials for training. Challenges remain in the areas of: (1) commodities; (2) quality assurance; (3) monitoring and evaluation; and (4) financing. Background: Pregnant women and infants are particularly vulnerable to malaria. National malaria in pregnancy (MIP) programs in Malawi, Senegal, and Zambia were reviewed to identify promising strategies that have helped these countries achieve relatively high coverage of MIP interventions as well as ongoing challenges that have inhibited further progress. Methods: We used a systematic case study methodology to assess health system strengths and challenges in the 3 countries, including desk reviews of available reports and literature and key informant interviews with national stakeholders. Data were collected between 2009 and 2011 and analyzed across 8 MIP health systems components: (1) integration of programs and services, (2) policy, (3) commodities, (4) quality assurance, (5) capacity building, (6) community involvement, (7) monitoring and evaluation, and (8) financing. Within each program area, we ranked degree of scale up across 4 stages and synthesized the findings in a MIP table of analysis to reveal common themes related to better practices, remaining bottlenecks, and opportunities to accelerate MIP coverage, strengthen MIP programs, and improve results. Findings: Each of the 3 countries has malaria policies in place that reflect current MIP guidance from the World Health Organization. The 3 countries successfully integrated MIP interventions into a platform of antenatal care services, but coordination at the national level was disjointed. All 3 countries recognized the importance of having a MIP focal person to ensure collaboration and planning at the national level, but only Malawi had appointed one. Commodity stockouts were frequent due to problems at all levels of the logistics system, from quantification to distribution. Lack of support for quality assurance and weak monitoring and evaluation mechanisms across all 3 countries affected optimal coverage. Conclusions: MIP programs should address all 8 interconnected MIP health systems areas holistically, in the context of a health systems approach to building successful programs. The MIP table of analysis can be a useful tool for other malaria-endemic countries to review their programs and improve MIP outcomes.


The tire mold comprises first and second shells 16, 18 to ensure the molding of the lateral flanks of the tire, a plurality of sectors 20, 22 distributed in the circumferential direction and intended to ensure the molding of a tread of said tire , first and second plates 12, 14 support each comprising a support face 12a, 14a against which is mounted axially contacting the associated shell, and a plurality of first and second heating means 42, 44 for heating at least respectively the first and second shells 16, 18. Each tray 12, 14 support comprises at least a body made of thermally insulating material and delimiting the front support 12a, 14a of said plate, at least a recess 12b, 14b being formed on said bearing face and inside which are housed the first or second heating means 42, 44.


In the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider muons are produced by firing high energy protons onto a target to produce pions. The pions decay to muons which are then accelerated. This method of pion production results in significant background from protons and electrons, which may result in heat deposition on superconducting materials and activation of the machine preventing manual handling. In this paper we discuss the design of a secondary particle handling system. The system comprises a solenoidal chicane that filters high momentum particles, followed by a proton absorber that reduces the energy of all particles, resulting in the rejection of low energy protons that pass through the solenoid chicane. We detail the design and optimization of the system and energy deposition and shielding analysis in MARS15(2012).


This paper elaborated an effective and robust metaheuristic algorithm with acceptable performance based on solution accuracy. The algorithm applied in solution of the optimal control of fractional Volterra integro-differential (FVID) equation which be substituted by nonlinear programming (NLP). Subsequently the FIVD convert the problem to a NLP by using spectral collocation techniques and thereafter we execute the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to improve the speed and accuracy and find the solutions of the optimal control and state as well as the optimal value of the cost function. It is mentioned that the utilization of the GWO is simple, due to the fact that the GWO is global search algorithm, the method can be applied to find optimal solution of the NLP. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is shown by the results obtained in comparison with the local methods. Further, some illustrative examples introduced with their approximate solutions and the results of the present approach compared with those achieved using other methods.


Baby's diseases diagnosis has inconvenient for received direct coming to help that order expression ability was insufficiency which consciousness situation concern about the infant health because of birth rate and decrease the marriage rate and divorce rate. So in this paper through the infant crying sound about home a foundation which infant diseases develop the system comparison normal infant with take a infant that analysis the extract the voice analytics component. Especially this paper propose about the methodology for development system that infant cold, infant pneumonia, infant asthma among extract the crying sound feature part for infant respiratory diseases discussion the most easy has involved the infant. So infant respiratory put case stimulus diseases about all voice organs and experiment the analysis method through the bandwidth about phonetics analysis component that comparison normal infant with take a respiratory infant. Through these method, we were extracted to results that infant's frequency bandwidth suffering from respiratory diseases than a normal infant is short.


This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of financial innovation on credit demand and supply in consumer credit markets. I study the effect of financial innovation on access to credit by looking at borrowers on a peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform. I document the presence of two effects from credit disintermediation. The first effect is repricing of credit that induces borrowers to shift from banks to P2P lending. I show that creditworthy borrowers reduce utilization of their revolving accounts by paying down revolving balances with proceeds from P2P loans. The second effect is credit expansion because of reduced credit rationing. Using regression discontinuity design, I estimate the causal impact of disintermediation on credit to marginally-funded borrowers. I find that banks respond to financial innovation by increasing credit limits and improving access to mortgages for this category of borrowers. I also find that these borrowers increase utilization of revolving credit over and above the increase in credit limits. Collectively, these findings suggest that financial innovation may reduce profits of financial intermediaries but improve availability of credit for financially constrained consumers.


In 2018, e-commerce activities contributed USD 12 billion to Indonesia's digital economy activities. On the other hand, some internet users stated having problems with transactions and mistrust with e-commerce. Tokopedia is one of the largest e-commerce in Indonesia that has the largest monthly web visitors and dominates the ranking in Google PlayStore and Apple App Store. This research aims to analyze the effect of security and trust on buying decision on the Tokopedia mobile apps in Jakarta. The research was conducted using quantitative method. Research data was collected by distributing online questionnaires through Google Form in August 2019. The research model was analyzed using PLS-SEM of 129 respondents. Results show Trust and Ease of Use have significant influence on Intention to Buy, and Intention to Buy has significant influence on Buying Decision.


The paper briefly describes the project management of the equipment repairing on drilling unit kantan IV as well as the associated practices.


The present invention discloses a sparse key point-based parametric human model reconstruction method. The method comprises the following steps of depth acquisition, automatic key point search, and key point auxiliary reconstruction. The method aims to automatically extract sparse key points from human depth data input by a user, and reconstruct a parametric human model according to the positions of the key points. The parametric human model generated with the method can serve as an input of important applications such as virtual fitting, virtual reality, games and the like.


Reproductive performance of gilts/sows can be influenced by metabolic state at crucial points in the reproductive cycle and indeed at a crucial age. It has generally been found that moderate to severe protein restriction has no effect on litter size or embryo survival at day 28 (Pharazyn et al, 1991) when given to gilts over the gestation period. However protein quality and quantity can affect reproductive performance in gilts when imposed over the prepubertal period as indicated previously by lower ovulation rate at an induced puberty and poorer expression of a second oestrus (Cia et al, 1996). In the present experiment the effects of two diets differing in lysine:energy ratio on body composition and subsequent oestrus response, ovulation rate and early embryo development in gilts of two different ages were studied.


Objective:To investigate the distribution of serotoninergic neurons and fibers in the spinal cord and colon of visceral hypersensitivity rats, and the effect of degranulation of mast cell reaction on the serotoninergic neurons. Methods: Visceral hypersensitivity rats were divided into 2 groups (group A and group B), the rats of group B were intraperitoneally injected with stimulator of mast cell degranulation (compound 48/80), group A was not treated with compound 48/80.Immunohistochemical staining, quantitative analysis of 5 HT in the colon and spinal cord of visceral hypersensitivity rats and control group were achieved by IHN Envision method and computerized image system. Results: Compared with group C, the positive index (PI) of serotoninergic neurons/fibers increased in the submucosa layer in group A [ P 0.01,(0.634±0.275) vs (0.245±0.131)], and the PI in myenteric plexus and in the spinal cord increased significantly [ P 0.05,(0.009±0.004) vs (0.007±0.004), (1.036±0.643) vs (0.949±0.462)].The PI of group B in colon submucosa layer,myentericplexus and spinal cord (0.958±0.328, 0.012±0.005, 1.732±0.754) was much higher than in group A ( P 0.05). Conclusion: The abnormal function of serotoninergic neurons/fibers in colon and spinal cord may be one of the mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity. Mast cell may react on the visceral sensory pathway partly through serotoninergic neurons.


To lead a successful expansion,the effects of expansion cone and friction coefficient on the reduction ratio of tubular wall thickness,the axial length contraction and deformation force were investigated,and the corresponding parameters were optimized.The expansion process of X52 expandable tubular was simulated by ANSYS FEM software according to the optimized parameters.The simulation shows that after expansion,the wall thickness gets thinner and the axial length contracts;the axial and circumferential residual stress becomes larger than that in other directions.The deformation force varies with the expansion with a certain trend.The simulation is verified by the experiments.


▪ Abstract Microbes are recognized as important components of the Earth system, playing key roles in controlling the composition of the atmosphere and surface waters, forming the basis of the marine food web, and the cycling of chemicals in the ocean. A revolution in microbial ecology has occurred in the past 15–20 years with the advent of rapid methods for discovering and sequencing the genes of uncultivated microbes from natural environments. Initially based on sequences from the 16S rRNA gene, this revolution made it possible to identify microorganisms without first cultivating them, to discover and characterize the immense previously unsuspected diversity of the microbial world, and to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships among microbes. Subsequent focus on functional genes, those that encode enzymes that catalyze biogeochemical transformations, and current work on larger DNA fragments and entire genomes make it possible to link microbial diversity to ecosystem function. These approaches have yi...


The human body's skin and mouth are two organs that are most susceptible to cancer, and early detection is the only way to reduce the number of fatalities. Deep learning algorithms have shown to be more effective than machine learning algorithms for detecting malignant skin or oral/mouth cancer. For this reason, a revolutionary design has already been put out for the diagnosis of oral and skin cancer. Achieving accuracy of 97%, recall of 93%, f1-score of 92%, and precision of 92%, the proposed model has been successful. Additionally, a comparison between the outcomes of the suggested hybrid model (a combination of CNN and VGG19) and the current algorithms (like AlexNet, ResNet-50 and Inception-V3) has been done in this article.


In this paper,a multi-level frame was designed to extract linear feature in multi-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images,to improve the extracted line's continuity and integrity by traditional methods.The speckle filtering and the linear feature extracting were executed synchronously and parallel,the different edge detection and edge points grouping method were used to extract linear feature coarse-to-fine according to the characteristics of collinear points in different scale images,and the linear features were extracted continuously,completely,accurately and efficiently.At last,the approach was tested by the runway extraction and road extraction;the results were analyzed with phase group and Hough transform.


Based on cyclic reversed loading experiment study on Hollow Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall,a specimen's nonlinear finite element analysis was made,and the results indicate that the experimental data agree well with those of the finite element computation.As the supplements of static experimental study,this paper,analyzing the influences of the variable concrete strength grade,ratios of axial compression,hollow ratios,steel ratios and vertical seam on the hollow R.C.shear wall elastic plastic properties,can be a reference for projects designing.


Nitric oxide (NO) often contributes little to endothelium‐dependent dilation of arterioles in the young but mediates a large portion of these responses in adults. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism by which NO emerges as an important endothelial factor in arterioles during juvenile growth. NO release in response to endothelium‐dependent agonists (ACh, A23187) was 5 to 6‐fold higher in gracilis muscle arterioles from 42–46 day‐old rats than in those from 25–28 day‐old rats. However, there were no differences between age groups in arteriolar wall eNOS expression or levels of the eNOS co‐factor BH4, and L‐Arg levels were actually lower in the older vessels than in the younger vessels (104 ± 6 vs.126 ± 3pmol/mg, p<0.05). In contrast, agonist‐induced phosphorylation of eNOS at its Ser1177 residue was almost 75% higher in arterioles from 42–46 day‐old rats than in those from 25–28 day‐old rats. Arterioles from the older rats did not show increased expression of Akt/PKB or PKA, kinases that mediate eNOS Ser phosphorylation, or heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which facilitates this process. These findings indicate that eNOS becomes more susceptible to activation during growth due to a change in the regulation of its phosphorylation status, possibly reflecting increased kinase or Hsp90 activity rather than expression. Support: AHA 0755264B, 09GRNT2250298 (MAB); AHA 0755024Y (GW); NIH ES015022, ES018274 (TRN).


Venture capital financing relies heavily on convertible securities; the most common type is convertible preferred stock. Venture capital contracts also specify control rights that describe who gets to make the firm's decisions. The recent literature has provided some theoretical explanations for the use of these two features. Underlying these explanations is the idea that individuals can take actions that affect the firm's performance but that these actions cannot be specified in a contract. In this article, Yaron Leitner focuses on venture capital contracts, but the ideas presented can be applied to other contracting problems in which individuals must be given incentives to take appropriate actions.


At the beginning of the De Grammatico St. Anselm raises the question as to whether grammaticus is a substance or a quaUty. We may rephrase this query without undue violence to its intent by transferring it to the formal mode (cf., 4.5141)1 and ask whether the term "grammaticus" signifies a substance or a quality. It would appear to signify the former in that it can have the sense of "grammarian" and this would designate a substance, human or otherwise. Evidence for the second alternative derives from its use as the equivalent of "grammatical," i.e., "Uterate" or "possessing grammar" and this indicates a disposition, or quality, attributable to humans at least.2 The authority for the latter reading is Aristotle's Categories ib29 where we find "white" and "grammatical" (grammatikon) given as examples of expressions signifying quality. A modern reader might expect the simple answer that "grammaticus" is ambiguous between what we now consider a noun and an adjective and when used in the first sense (= "grammarian") it would be a noun and signify a substance. When used in the second sense (= "grammatical") it would be an adjective and signify a quality. But St. Anselm gives a much more interesting and informative reply which, moreover, does not force us to choose between the alternatives. Take a sentence such as "Priscianus est grammaticus." Whether we translate "grammaticus" by nominalization and get "Priscian is a grammarian" or take it as adjectival as in "Priscian is literate," in either case the term "grammaticus" has two distinctive functions: it properly signifies a quality, i.e., literacy3 (significat


Proposed by Wen Qiufang, the "Production-oriented Approach" advocates "Learning-using Integration Principle", and calls for the reform of college English teaching in classroom. Based on this principle, textbooks iEnglish are designed. Taking unit 2 of iEnglish 2 as an example, this paper challenges the traditional classroom teaching method by using the teaching procedure of "Motivating-Enabling-Assessing".


Small- to medium-sized firms are expected to show international growth at an early stage. Several factors may affect the outcome of initial efforts to expand and internationalize. Our research examines how equity based venture funding affects SME expansion and internationalization. We divide venture capital financing into two categories: incremental financing where firms receive their venture capital funding in portions and lump-sum venture funding where firms receive their funding in one lump-sum. The results show that type of equity based venture capital financing affect expansion and internationalization. Incremental funding appears more appropriate for firms with high growth rates whereas lump-sum financing appears more appropriate for firms that are internationalizing their operations.


The aim of this program was to obtain erosion data on a number of candidate valve materials under a range of slurry erosion conditions which would be useful to valve and process engineers involved in materials selection and valve design. The Battelle slurry erosion rig was used with reconstituted coal-derived slurries to erode candidate materials under a range of slurry velocity and impingement angle conditions. The materials studied were the cemented tungsten carbides: K 701, KZ 701 and K 703; and the ceramics silicon carbide (in the reaction-bonded, CVD and sintered alpha forms) and hot-pressed boron carbide. The erosive nature of slurries from two processes, SRC-1, and H-Coal were also investigated. The size distribution of insoluble solid particles in the slurries examined showed fairly close similarity between different coals processed in one plant, and for a given coal slurry from the two processes. Service trials with a reaction-bonded silicon carbide valve stem in a cemented tungsten carbide seat resulted in what was classified as a premature failure, but provided quite revealing data. The two materials had eroded in the same mode and at the same relative rates as observed in the laboratory rig tests. Analysis of the parts suggested that,more » in fact, the failure may have resulted from the contour to which the stem was machined rather than from poor materials erosion performance.« less


The Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise (DEMON) algorithm is a widely used tool in underwater passive acoustics for the detection and classification of vessel sound. The DEMON algorithm extracts the frequencies that modulate the high frequency cavitation noise created by a vessel's propeller. We propose an extension of the DEMON method for time delay estimations of acoustic signals received by two or more hydrophones. This method, based on the phase difference between components in the two DEMON spectra received by different hydrophones, allows the extraction of the Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) and direction of arrival of the modulated signals. This method was applied to the acoustic signatures of six small boats collected by Stevens in a large glacial lake in NJ and showed agreement with the traditional cross-correlation method of TDOA estimation and boat GPS tracks. This method allows the separation of several boats TDOA. The DEMON algorithm also provides information of potential use for vess...


Ducted-type underwater robot that we developed has streamlined outer shape with duct inside, so that it can have low fluid resistance and because of short body length, it has highly good motion performance like short turning radius. Ducted type underwater robot that we developed had made as concept with rudder inside the duct. But for enlarge the turning force, it must have larger space and our robot has no margin for that. For this situation, we re-designed as the rudder on the outside of the duct. On this design, rudder can be affected from outside flow of body of robot and also there are some differences between combinations of steering angles. Therefore, in this paper we studied about the combinations of angles of rudders that have optimal steering angle when the robot only has inside flow of duct.


In a recent publication (Brown, 1976, Studia Entomologica 19: 67-171) I reviewed the world fauna of the ponerine ant genus Odontomachus. While that contribution was in press, and since its appearance, some significant new Odontomachus material, and information about material, has come to my notice. It seems appropriate to supplement the revision now, while it is fresh, by offering the new information for incorporation. The first and most important addition is the description, of a new (twentieth) species in the haematodus group.


Establishing pair-wise keys in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task due to the hostile environment and limited resources in sensor nodes. Many key management schemes have been proposed for sensor networks. However, most existing schemes are designed for homogeneous sensor networks where all of the nodes have the same or similar capabilities. Research has shown that better performance can be achieved by forming a heterogeneous sensor network. In this paper, we present an efficient post-deployment key management scheme designed for heterogeneous sensor networks. The scheme does not assume any prior knowledge about sensor deployment and location. Our scheme takes advantage of a few powerful high-end sensor nodes and achieves efficient and effective key establishment in a sensor network. The performance evaluation shows efficiency and effectiveness measures for our scheme.


This study explores the significance of enhancing user interface and experience in online car rental applications, revolutionizing the car rental industry. The paper evaluates the usability, accuracy, efficiency, security, portability, and maintainability, highlighting the positive outcomes of creating a seamless and intuitive platform for customers. The research showcases how efforts dedicated to enhancing the user interface have resulted in remarkable outcomes, providing customers with a seamless and intuitive platform to effortlessly browse, compare, and book rental vehicles. Usability evaluations emphasize the importance of intuitive designs and clear instructions, ensuring customers navigate through the application with ease. The efficiency of the system, with swift responses and fast-loading pages, contributes to a pleasant user experience and an efficient booking process. Efforts in user-centric design principles contribute to a pleasant experience, efficient booking process, and robust security measures. Minor improvements identified in accuracy, portability, and maintainability offer potential enhancements. Emphasizing user satisfaction, efficiency, and security ensures a competitive edge and future success in the online car rental market.


Quarantine examination of 3,028 exotic vegetative samples of various crops during 2007 and 2008 revealed infestation of insect and mites in 193 samples. These included five species viz., Aceria tulipae in Allium sativum from Kazakhstan and USA, Amphitetranychus viennensis in Pyrus communis from USA, Polyphagotarsonemus latus in Persea americana from Vietnam and Oligonychus peruvianus in P. americana from USA and also four species of scale insects, Aonidiella orientalis in Vitis vinifera from Brazil, Aspidiotus nerii in cuttings of P. communis from USA, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi and Hemiberlesia lataniae in P. americana from USA and Parasaissetia nigra in P. americana from Vietnam. All the infested samples were salvaged using suitable pesticidal dip treatment.


of creating such dictionaries as well as their functional purpose concerning the educational process. The tasks, criteria and principles of compiling the trilingual dictionary in the area of tourism were determined. The crucial criteria of the multi-dictionary compilation are the thematic selection of the registry words and word combinations of the input language, their equivalent translation into the two foreign languages, semantic value, the using rate and the extent of lexical material, an efficient way of communication material presenting and an easy approach to the search of a necessary term as well. The basic principles of structuring the dictionary article are the rationality, compactness and graphic attractiveness. Polylingual thematic dictionary embraces the orderly list of the lexical units accompanied by the translation into the two foreign languages and performs both education and translation functions. It was pointed out that the classification of a dictionary lexical material according to the thematic principle is considered to be the most utilitarian for developing the level of communicative competence, language abilities and skills. The translation dictionaries were determined to be a lexicographical background and necessary complementary material in the process of foreign language learning. The thematic approach to the selection of communicative material promotes systematic vocabulary learning and its memorizing as well as being able to use it correctly in the morphological phrases. It was accentuated that a social and cultural sphere including the subject of tourism and traveling is an extremely urgent theme of an oral speech at the classes of foreign language since it covers almost all the spheres of social vital activity. Tourism as one of the major means of the interpersonal relations and international contacts is a strong motivational factor in the learning of foreign languages.


The reaction of methyl esters of 2-substituted 5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids with hydrazine hydrate at 0–5°C results in the nucleophilic substitution of readily eliminating groups (Cl, CH3O, CH3S) at the position 2 of the pyrimidine ring, and, on the boiling with the 80% aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate, the reaction is accompanied by the formation of hydrazides. The dimethylamino group at thepposition 2 of the pyrimidine ring is not substituted by hydrazine.


Recycle economy is the main direction of the development of world economy,and now it is the economy developing pattern of China.In implementing recycle economy,packaging industry is more imperative.According to the practice of packaging industry,this paper discusses the connotation,the basic principle and evaluation indexes system of recycle economy.


The Auto-Oil Programmes (1993–1996, 1997–2000) were considered a new model on how to solve environmental issue by close cooperation between the European Commission and industry, in particular the automobile and the oil industry. These programmes, in their larger context, are interesting cases to analyse the complexity of emission regulation. These cases are described in some details in this paper in order to distinguish patterns in the type of policy-making that have emerged over time. The main conclusion points to high complexity created by two types of tensions. One tension is that between the drivers of environmental policy: should it be target-based or should environmental policy serve the development of "state of the art technology"? The second tension relates to the question of the manageability of this policy area: should technical experts provide the main input for policy or should all parties that have a stake in this policy area become involved the so-called stakeholder approach? These questions illustrate the dilemmas that face the policy-makers. Different approaches or models can be distinguished over time. This results is a swing back and forth between them, best be described by the metaphor of a pendulum. This idea of shift in policy-making over time complements the existing models of European policy-making, in particular the work on policy-making by participation.


Now a day's defence applications associated to novel, army and military war fields are required wall imaging discrimination. As of now many wall-imaging techniques are designed but cannot discriminate the target and clutter with accurate working. Therefore, a novel advance wall image tracking method is required for differentiate the clutter and human target. In this research work single value decomposition technique is used to estimate the range bin behind the wall target. In order to track the target and clutter single-value-decomposition (SVD) is not sufficient, so that along this SVD, threshold skewness (TS) method has been presented. Combination of SVD-TS giving the accurate long range-bin sensing and directed the human's targets. SVD-TS method is a statistical scheme, which can realise the amplitude ranges through large number of range-bin scans. This technique improves the accuracy by 98.6%, skewness by 8%, and normalised power by 98.9%. These SVD-TS method is more efficient and compete with existed techniques.