A variety of cross‐linguistic studies have documented that the acoustic properties of speech addressed to young children include exaggeration of pitch contours and acoustically salient features of phonetic units. It has been suggested that phonetic modifications of child‐directed speech facilitate young children's speech perception by providing detailed phonetic information about the target word. While there are several studies reporting vowel modifications in speech to infants (i.e., hyper‐articulated vowels), there has been relatively little research about consonant modifications in speech to young children (except for VOT). The present study examines acoustic properties of Korean stops in Korean mothers' speech to their children aged 29 to 38 months (N=6). Korean tense, lax, and aspirated stops are all voiceless in word‐initial position, and are perceptually differentiated by several acoustic parameters including VOT, f0 of the following vowel, and the amplitude difference of the first and second harmo...


Over the past twenty years, the «appraisal model» of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Obsessive Compulsive Cognition Working Group, 1997, 2001, 2003, and 2005) has drawn most of the empirical research on the psychological etiology and maintenance of the disorder. Nevertheless, only a few studies addressed two important postulates of the model, which is the development of beliefs associated with OCD, and the contribution of affective states to the maintenance of appraisals and beliefs (p. ex., cognitive reactivity). The current thesis aims to contribute to the empirical validation of these postulates. Based on a retrospective correlational design in a mixed (OCD and normal) sample, the first article aims to explore the links between childhood experiences (CEs) and adult OCD related beliefs. Two alternative etiological models are compared emphasizing either a rather specific association between different CEs and beliefs; or conversely, a broad non-specific association between CEs and different OCD related beliefs. Results support both the existence of specific and non-specific associations between CEs and beliefs. CEs and OCD related beliefs that showed specific links were those CEs that showed specific links to OCD related beliefs were those related to the concepts of Responsibility (R-E and OBQ-R), Threat perception (TP-E et OBQ-T), and Perfectionism (SO-E et OBQ-P). On the other hand, CEs emphasizing Threat perception (TP-E) and Sociotropy (SOC-E) related experiences also showed significant links with most OCD related beliefs (Intolerance of uncertainty [OBQ-U], Overestimation of threat [OBQ-T], Importance and Control of thoughts [OBQ-I et OBQ-C]). The aim of the second article is to assess and analyze cognitive reactivity in an OCD sample (rumination subtype) through a longitudinal naturalistic design (eight intensive single-case designs). In a first step, the contingency analysis between daily mood-states scores (4 mood-states in each participant) and daily thought appraisals (one idiosyncratically defined thought appraisal in each participant) allows for the assessment of the magnitude and rate of cognitive reactivity in each participant. On the basis of integrative models of cognitive reactivity (Affect Infusion Model, and Mood as input Hypothesis) further


Objective To study the state of T-cell and T-helper cell subpopulation in children with recurrent tonsillitis(RT) in remission period and make clear its role on pathogenesis in children with RT.Methods The expression of membrane molecule on T-cell subsets was analyzed in 27 RT children and 21 control health children by using immunofluorescence and flowcytometry,the levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4) in culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were detected by enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA).Results The CD4~+ and CD3~+ cell were significantly lower in RT children than those of the controls(P0.01),but no difference in CD8~+ cell between the patients and controls(P0.05),a ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was disproportion(P0.01);the level of IFN-γ relating to function of Th1-cell in RT children was significantly lower than that of the controls(P0.01),but no difference in IL-4 relating to function of Th2-cell between the patients and controls(P0.05),the ratio of Th1/Th2 was disproportion(P0.01).Conclusion There are dysfunction of T cell in RT children in remission period;The abnormal Th1 cell function may play an important role on pathogenesis.


Semiotics Unbounded: Interpretive Routes through the Open Network of Signs, by Susan Petrilli and Augusto Ponzio (2005) refers to the entire history of modern semiotics, focusing on several of its unquestioned classics and consulting a deeply impressive array of other pertinent literature in the field.1 Therefore, considering the size of the volume, it may appear at first sight that the authors intended to produce a kind of encyclopedic work. However, on a closer reading, if one goes into the detailed argumentation, it becomes quite clear that although such encyclopedic use is possible, and of course useful, it is only a necessary prerequisite for the authors to unfold a remarkably fruitful interplay of (re)sources and approaches, which in a sense I would like to term 'genuinely intersemiotic' (and will explain this term later on).


Precipitation reactions of the Al-Zn-Mg(-Mn,Fe)-based alloys with/without Sc,Zr-addition were studied by microhardness and resistivity measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry. Microstructure observation proved the Zn,Mg-containing eutectic phase at grain boundaries. Positron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones in the initial state. The changes in resistivity and microhardness curves as well as in heat flow are mainly caused by the formation and/or dissolution of the Guinier-Preston zones and precipitation of the particles from the Al-Zn-Mg system. Formation of the Mn,Fe-containing particles as well as of the ηand T -phase does not influence hardening significantly. The hardening effect above ∼ 300◦C reflects the Sc,Zr-addition. Heat treatment at 300◦C for 60 min and 460◦C for 45 min is insufficient for homogenization of the alloys. The apparent activation energy values were calculated: dissolution of the GP zones (∼ 106 kJ mol−1), formation of the metastable η′-phase (∼ 111 kJ mol−1), formation of the stable η-phase (∼ 126 kJ mol−1) and formation of the T -phase (∼ 144 kJ mol−1). K e y w o r d s: AA7xxx alloys, early precipitation stages, electrical resistivity, GP zones, Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, activation energy


In this paper we discuss generalizations from the Hilbert space case to more general settings of certain theorems concerning a nest algebra 2, namely, (a) the solvability of Tx = y within AlgY, (b) the decomposability of finite rank operators of Alg2 by rank one such operators, and (c) approximability in the strong operator topology of Alg2 by its finite ranks.


We report the results of an observation of Cygnus X-1 with INTEGRAL, that we combine with simultaneous radio observations with the Ryle telescope. Both spectral and variability properties of the source indicate that Cygnus X-1 was in an Intermediate State. The INTEGRAL spectrum shows a high-energy cut-off or break around 100 keV. The shape of this cut-off differs from pure thermal Comptonisation, suggesting the presence of a non-thermal component at higher energies.The average broad band spectrum is well represented by hybrid thermal/non-thermal Comptonisation models. During the 4 day long observation the source showed an important spectral and flux variability. A principal component analysis demonstrates that most of this variability occurs through 2 independent modes. The first mode consists in changes in the overall luminosity on time scale of hours with almost constant spectra that are strikingly uncorrelated with the variable radio flux. We interpret this variability mode as variations of the dissipation rate in the corona. The second variability mode consists in a pivoting of the spectrum around 10 keV. It acts on a longer time-scale: initially soft, the spectrum hardens in the first part of the observation and then softens again. This pivoting pattern is strongly correlated with the radio (15 GHz) emission: radio fluxes are stronger when the INTEGRAL spectrum is harder. We propose that the pivoting mode represents a 'mini' state transition from a nearly High Soft State to a nearly Low Hard State, and back. This mini-transition would be caused by changes in the soft cooling photons flux in the hot Comptonising plasma associated with an increase of the temperature of the accretion disc. The jet power then appears to be anti-correlated with the disc luminosity and unrelated to the coronal power.


To find out the relationship between the tunnel shape of Hylobitelus xiaoi larvae and death ratio with tunnel injection,this experiment was made with Baoluning and Imidacloprid EC against the pest.The results showed that the relationship between the mortality of pest and the tunnel shape with tunnel injection was osculation.When the tunnel shape of larvae was linear,the mortality of pest was highest.The old-age larvae was about 80% and the new larvae was above 90%.When the tunnel was S-shape,the mortality was lowest.The old-age larvae was about 40% and the new larvae was only 60%.When the tunnel was T-shape、Y-shape or round,the mortality of old-age larvae was between 40% and 60%,and the new larvae was between 50% and 70%.


During digestion, lipids undergo modifications of their colloidal and molecular structures, which depend on the digestive conditions and the composition of the digestive juices. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether gastric pH and pepsin modulate the colloidal evolution and the bioacessibility of fatty acids of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by a protein during in vitro digestion. The fate of BSA-stabilized rapeseed oil-in-water emulsion during gastric phase at pH 2.5 or 4.0 with or without pepsin and its consequences on intestinal lipolysis was measured in the simulated gastric and duodenal conditions. The pH had limited impact but pepsin favoured flocculation and coalescence of the droplets, modulating the early stage of lipolysis but not its final extent.


Education scholars agree that several factors contribute to the low quality of education in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) including the way teachers teach. This article focuses on the impact of educational practices to enhance students' learning while also improving the quality of education in Africa. Drawing from community of practice perspective which sees learning as a process that does not take place in an individual mind but rather in a participation framework, the article highlights ways in which an action research study using a writing workshop to guide teachers and students in one primary school in Northwestern Tanzania create books for their school library repositioned teachers for optimal teaching and learning. About 19 teachers and 119 sixth grade students were involved in addition to 19 parents. By examining interviews and participant observations, the data seems to suggest that teachers mediated learning and they were able to notice and name students' learning in ways they could not do before.


Surfaces properties of TiO 2 in the brookite phase and the lithium diffusion are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and interatomic potential simulations. Simulations predict that the brookite surfaces have a higher intrinsic Lewis acidity compared to the other polymorphs due to the presence of four coordinated Ti atoms on the surface in contrast to the most stable surfaces of anatase and rutile which have five coordinated Ti surface atoms. The surface reactivity of the brookite is then expected to be higher for catalysis. The (210) surface is the most stable calculated surface and some experimental morphologies have been revisited. Regarding Li intercalation, the migration occurs along the c-direction and open channel surfaces are desired, therefore particles exposing the (001) surface. Those differences on chemical/physical properties highlight the importance to control the nanoparticle shapes for a given application. with DFT on the (210), (100) and (010) surfaces but also on the (301) and (111) surfaces that have been identified by Pottier et al. 19 A comparison of brookite with previous simulations on TiO 2 polymorphs 26-40 is also


Existing cased wells in the Devonian shale can be evaluated regardless of the availability of any previous open-hole logs. This will enable the operator to evaluate older wells for recompletion possibilities. Log models have been recently developed, based on extensive use of core analysis, for identifying reservoir characteristics in the open-hole. Using this knowledge and an understanding of the linkage of these characteristics minimum logging suites can be utilized in the evaluation of the Devonian shale. Using the extensive data set collected during the comprehensive study well (CSW) program, a method was developed for evaluating existing cased-hole wells. The methodology involves the use of several combinations of open and cased-hole logs. Although the evaluation results are more reliable where key open hole logs are available, acceptable results can be obtained even without any open hole log data.


ABSTRACT The simian virus 40 (SV40) in vitro replication system was previously used to demonstrate that the human polymerase (Pol) α-primase complex preferentially initiates DNA synthesis at pyrimidine-rich trinucleotide sequences. However, it has been reported that under certain conditions, nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) concentrations play a critical role in determining where eukaryotic primase initiates synthesis. Therefore, we have examined whether increased NTP concentrations alter the template locations at which SV40 replication is initiated. Our studies demonstrate that elevated ribonucleotide concentrations do not significantly alter which template sequences serve as initiation sites. Of considerable interest, the sequences that serve as initiation sites in the SV40 system are similar to those that serve as initiation sites for prokaryotic primases. It is also demonstrated that regardless of the concentration of ribonucleotides present in the reactions, DNA synthesis initiated outside of the core origin. These studies provide additional evidence that the Pol α-primase complex can initiate DNA synthesis only after a considerable amount of single-stranded DNA is generated.


Na5Eu(MoO4)4 is a stoichiometrlc host luminescent material. The light emessioB comes from high concentration host ions Eu3+. In the present work, the effects of hydropressure on fluorescence of Eu3+ in Na5Eu(MoO4)4 are invistigated under 0-5.0 GPa using a diamon anvil high pressure microspectroscopic system. According to crystal field theory, the energy level fexpressinns of Eu3+ (in approximatry D2d symmetry site) are calculated and fit with the experimental data of energy levels, under high pressure, then the ratios of crystal parameter variation △Bkq (kq= 20,40 44, 60 and 64) with pressure variation △P are determind. A comparison of above results with that of YVO4:Eu3+, in which Eu3+ is an active impurity, is also made.


This study aimed to evaluate and compare lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects and cytotoxic activities of selected flavonoids in vitro. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities had been investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, MTT assay, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry. The results showed that luteolin, luteoloside and quercetin exhibited better inhibition on XOD and LOX enzymes. In addition, all the selected flavonoid glycosides showed no significant cytotoxicity, but diosmetin, luteolin, apigenin and quercetin expressed significant cell toxicity. Meanwhile, these four flavonoids also showed better inhibition on COX-2 mRNA expression and apoptosis-inducing effect. In conclusion, this study suggests that these anti-tumor flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, which are associated with their direct inhibition of XO and LOX activities and down-regulation of COX-2 transcription.


This paper describes a vehicle identification system which has a directional finder and vehicle detectors. Application of the system to an Automated Toll Collection experiment is described. TEXT IN JAPANESE WITH SUMMARY IN ENGLISH


A randomized complete block experiment was set up in a 3-year-old stand of alfalfa to evaluate pesticide activity against Egyptian alfalfa weevil (EAW) larvae and blue alfalfa aphids. Ten by 40 ft plots replicated 4 times were treated using a backpack sprayer. The spray, volume was 20 gal per acre. The treatments were applied Mar 15 under a partly cloudy sky and ambient temperature of 55 F. Rain (0.59 in) fell on the plots approximately 12 h after application. Evaluations were made by taking 10-sweep samples 8 days and 18 days after application.


In order to improve the utterance of system resource and the performance of wireless network, a flow control strategy in Iub port of HSPA+ system is presented based on a had-access-to strategy.By the detection of congestion in Iub port and L2 flow control, the congestion and packet loss can be avoided.The simulation results show that the flow control strategy can reduce the rate of congestion and improve network performance effectively.As a consequence, the fairness of the business can be guaranteed.


This study investigates the effect of thermoelectric module (TEM) arrangements (i.e., TEM column and row quantities) on the output power and pressure drop of the thermoelectric generator unit applied on a stationary engine. Various studied cases having different numbers of TEM rows and columns are numerically analyzed in ANSYS Fluent program to determine the arrangement which has the balance between two objectives: maximizing the output power and minimizing the pressure drop. The simulation results indicate that the arrangement of TEMs significantly affects the heat transfer parameters (i.e., convection coefficient, exhaust temperature, temperature uniformity), leading to a considerable variation in the output power. However, only the number of rows noticeably affects the pressure drop. The simulation case having 3 rows and 4 columns is the optimal TEM arrangement in this study, which produces 6.94 W of total output power and 259 Pa of the pressure drop at the coolant temperature of 90°C. This study promotes the development of TEG systems having applicable TEM's quantity and arrangement to adapt for stationary engines with various power and displacement, as well as proves the necessity of analyzing the output power and pressure drop simultaneously in relevant research.


We have come to hear on these three days from as many members of the Expedition as we could assemble the results of their work in the Solomon Islands. We have the pleasure, also, in looking forward to contributions from six other scientists who, though not Expedition members, have independently added much to the exploration and study of the Solomons. We hope to enjoy the first occasion for a lengthy biogeographical discussion about the islands. This was the purpose of the Expedition set by its originator, the late Professor Carl Pantin, when he was chairman of the Southern Zone Research Committee. We owe to him and to the generosity of the Royal Society the grand opportunity we have had to visit those beautiful islands, to have explored them according to our predilections, and to be gathered here in such hospitality. Professor Pantin decided that the zoological side should be confined to marine and land invertebrata, being the groups most likely to assist in evaluating the geological connexions of the islands. To increase this aspect, and to test the results, we have the contribution by Professor Cain on the birds and of Dr Torben Wolff on the zoology of Rennell Island, which the Expedition was unable to visit. A geological setting has been prepared by Dr Thompson, which in his absence will be read by Dr Allum, who has himself investigated the occurrence and nature of faulting, particularly on Guadalcanal. Pantin left the botanists to decide for themselves and they have covered most groups of plant life, from the sea, where Dr Womersley and his assistant studied the seaweeds, to the totality of the land-flora excepting the microscopic algae and fungi. But we botanists have also invited Dr Thorne to inform to us on the remarkable differences between New Caledonia and the Solomons, as great as the differences between the British and Japanese floras, yet so much closer together. And we have invited Professor Good to put our findings in the general field of Melanesian and Malaysian plant-geography. Our sixth outside contribution is from Dr Brookfield on the new field of climatology in the Solomons. Regrettably, neither Dr Brookfield nor Dr Thorne is able to be with us.


A new algorithm of allocating functional units and connections in the data path synthesis has been developed. The algorithm determines the types and numbers of both functional units and connections simultaneously based on their cost (i.e., area) obtained from the input technology data. The algorithm performs trade-off between the functional units and connections to produce data paths with minimal cost. The algorithm is adaptive to different technologies: if the cost of a functional unit changes or if a new functional unit becomes available, the algorithm produces a new data path optimized in the new environment. The algorithm has O(n/sup 3/) timing complexity in the worst case, where n is the number of operations in the input problem. Experiments show that costs of data paths constructed by our algorithm are smaller than or as much as those by other published approaches.


Abstract Objectives Meticulous inspection of the mucosa during colonoscopy, represents a lengthier withdrawal time, but has been shown to increase adenoma detection rate (ADR). We investigated if artificial intelligence-aided speed monitoring can improve suboptimal withdrawal time. Methods We evaluated the implementation of a computer-aided speed monitoring device during colonoscopy at a large academic endoscopy center. After informed consent, patients ≥18 years undergoing colonoscopy between 5 March and 29 April 2021 were examined without the use of the speedometer, and with the speedometer between 29 April and 30 June 2021. All colonoscopies were recorded, and withdrawal time was assessed based on the recordings in a blinded fashion. We compared mean withdrawal time, percentage of withdrawal time ≥6 min, and ADR with and without the speedometer. Results One hundred sixty-six patients in each group were eligible for analyses. Mean withdrawal time was 9 min and 6.6 s (95% CI: 8 min and 34.8 s to 9 min and 39 s) without the use of the speedometer, and 9 min and 9 s (95% CI: 8 min and 45 s to 9 min and 33.6 s) with the speedometer; difference 2.3 s (95% CI: −42.3–37.7, p = 0.91). The ADRs were 45.2% (95% CI: 37.6–52.8) without the speedometer as compared to 45.8% (95% CI: 38.2–53.4) with the speedometer (p = 0.91). The proportion of colonoscopies with withdrawal time ≥6 min without the speedometer was 85.5% (95% CI: 80.2–90.9) versus 86.7% (95% CI: 81.6–91.9) with the speedometer (p = 0.75). Conclusions Use of speed monitoring during withdrawal did not increase withdrawal time or ADR in colonoscopy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04710251


The magnetostriction of amorphous Pro.2(F&l-xCOx) 0.8 alloys(0< x < 0.6)and Pry(Feo.8Coom2) x (Sio.43Bo.57) x (0.7< x < 0.85,0.15 < y < 0.3, 0 < z < 0.3)alloys was measured in the temperature range from 77 to 400°K.The value of the


Last week we saw New Jersey Governor Chris Christie embroiled in what has become known as the 'Bridgegate' scandal. But what are the factors that make a scandal last longer or shorten them? Brandon Rottinghaus has made an in-depth study of national and state-level scandals, finding that at state level they generally last for less than 100 days, and around six months for presidential-level scandals. He finds that elected officials are far more likely to survive scandals as opposed to appointees, because, having been elected; they are simply harder to remove, and that a greater degree of legislative opposition makes scandals harder to overcome.


We present a generalization of the Poincare series to the case of mixed multiplier ideals. For that, we will recall some results about how we can compute the jumping walls associated to a mixed multiplier ideal and introduce some results about the multiplicity of a given point in the positive orthant


47 patients with drug cruptions caused by allopurinol were analyzed in the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors.The patients were 39 males and 8 females,including 4cases of the dead and cases of the recurrence.The patients were characterized by the longer incubation period and duration,serious patterns of skin cruptions,constitutional symptoms and tending to be recurrent.It was suggested that prognosis of patients was significantly related to the types of eruptions and the damages of internal organs.


The aim of this study was to find a surfactant-free method for the synthesis of uniform Eu:LuPO4 nanophosphors which are able to form stable colloidal suspensions in aqueous media. Uniform, ovoid Eu-doped LuPO4 fluorescent nanoparticles were obtained after aging for 30 minutes at 180 °C a butylene glycol solution containing, exclusively, lutetium acetate, europium acetate and H3PO4. XRD and digital diffraction patterns of HRTEM images suggested that the particles were single crystalline in nature with the c-axis of the unit cell parallel to the long particle axis. The luminescence study revealed that the optimum doping level was 5 molar%. The latter particles (85 nm × 40 nm dimensions) were functionalized with polyacrylic acid and their colloidal stability in two different biological buffers was demonstrated to persist for at least 15 days.


A new precoding scheme is proposed for multi-pair two-way relay system in order to improve system performance.2K users and one relay node are considered in the system,and each pair user communicates with each other via the relay node.All the channels are independent to each other and follow Rayleigh slow fading.Two time slots are needed for transmission.The Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) for the relay node and the system mutual information are analyzed,and the power allocation scheme is present.Simulation results show that,compared with the traditional precoding scheme,the information of the proposed scheme is improved by 1.2 bit/s/Hz at SNR 25 dB for the relay node.


This paper makes an analysis of the relationship between political civilization and development of soialism. It is pointed out that the development of political civilization is the important feature of socialist social development.During the constrution of the welloff society, it is the basic content that the development of political civilization is to fulfil the task in the development of people's power, the party's leadership and rule of law. The foundmental work is the construction of regulations and new system during the period. 


Ensuring that the entire Australian population is Vitamin D sufficient is challenging, given the wide range of latitudes spanned by the country, its multicultural population and highly urbanised lifestyle of the majority of its population. Specific issues related to the unique aspects of vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy and infancy further complicate how best to develop a universally safe and effective public health policy to ensure vitamin D adequacy for all. Furthermore, as Australia is considered a "sunny country", it does not yet have a national vitamin D food supplementation policy. Rickets remains very uncommon in Australian infants and children, however it has been recognised for decades that infants of newly arrived immigrants remain particularly at risk. Yet vitamin D deficiency rickets is entirely preventable, with the caveat that when rickets occurs in the absence of preexisting risk factors and/or is poorly responsive to adequate treatment, consideration needs to be given to genetic forms of rickets.


Immunotoxins are Ab‐cytotoxin chimeric molecules with mighty cytotoxicity. Programmed cell death 1‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), is a transmembrane protein expressed mainly in inflammatory tumor tissues and plays a pivotal role in immune escape and tumor progression. Although PD‐L1 immune checkpoint therapy has been successful in some cases, many patients have not benefited enough due to primary/secondary resistance. In order to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of anti‐PD‐L1 mAb, we used durvalumab as the payload and CUS245C, a type I ribosome‐inactivating protein isolated from Cucurbita moschata, as the toxin moiety, to construct PD‐L1‐specific immunotoxin (named D‐CUS245C) through the engineered cysteine residue. In vitro, D‐CUS245C selectively killed PD‐L1+ tumor cells. In vivo studies also showed that D‐CUS245C had obvious antitumor effect on PD‐L1+ human xenograft tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, in the combination of the toxin with mAb, this study developed a new immunotoxin targeting PD‐L1, emphasizing a novel and promising treatment strategy and providing a valuable way to optimize cancer immunotherapy.


Objective: to identify whether the suicide news reported in the magazine Crónica del Quindío are in keeping with the recommendations given by the World Health Organization to spread these types of events. Methods: a descriptive quantitative research was conducted and suicide news reported during the years 2004 and 2011 in the above mentioned magazine were analyzed and systematized. Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología. 2013;51 (2):184-191 http://scielo.sld.cu 185 Results: the newspaper reported 283 suicides in the period under study, 84 % committed by men and 46 % between 10 and 29 years. In the 42 % of the cases, the word «suicide» appears in the note and in the 89 %, the method is described. Similarly, it was found that, in the 48 % of the cases, the picture of the victim is presented and in the 2 % a help line is informed. Conclusions: in general, the newspaper does not follow the WHO recommendations, behavior that constitutes a possible risk factor for suicide acts in the region.


We examine the role of shorting, firm size, and time on the profitability of size, value, and momentum strategies. We find that long positions make up almost all of size, 60% of value, and half of momentum profits. Shorting becomes less important for momentum and more important for value as firm size decreases. The value premium decreases with firm size and is weak among the largest stocks. Momentum profits, however, exhibit no reliable relation with size. These effects are robust over 86 years of US equity data and almost 40 years of data across four international equity markets and five asset classes. Variation over time and across markets of these effects is consistent with random chance. We find little evidence that size, value, and momentum returns are significantly affected by changes in trading costs or institutional and hedge fund ownership over time.


This work presents a new method that improves on the EZW image coding algorithm. The standard EZW image coder uses a uniform quantizer with a threshold (deadzone) that is identical in all subbands. The quantization step sizes are not optimized under the rate-distortion sense. We modify the EZW by applying the Lagrange multiplier to search for the best step size for each subband and allocate the bit rate for each subband accordingly. Then we implement the adaptive EZW codec to code the wavelet coefficients. Two coding environments, independent and dependent, are considered for the optimization process. The proposed image coder retains all the good features of the EZW, namely, embedded coding, progressive transmission, order of the important bits, and enhances it through the rate-distortion optimization with respect to the step sizes.


Storm water detention has been widely used for on-site runoff release control. The required storm water detention volumes are often determined by the pre-selected release rates for various design events. When a low release rate is selected, the basin stores more storm water volume than required and it results in an insufficient base flow for the downstream habitats. When a high release is selected, the prolonged basin operation may cause erosion to downstream stream bed and banks. Balancing the tradeoffs, this paper presents a method by which the required detention volume can be determined by urbanization retrofits. The method considers the change of imperviousness, design rainfall depth, watershed hydrologic losses as the design factors. Although the procedure is simple, it well agrees with the design criteria derived from sophisticated computer simulations.


Although some researchers have indicated that when parents are the main source of sex education, their adolescent children tend to engage in less pre? marital sexual activity (Lewis, 1973; Spanier, 1977) and are more Ukely to use birth control (Fox & Inazu, 1980; Furstenberg, 1971), more recently several authors have raised doubts about the extent of family influence on adolescent sexuaUty (DarUng & Hicks, 1982; Herceg-Baron & Furstenberg, 1982; New? comer & Udry, 1985). One reason for discrepant results may be that com? munication about sexuaUty has been measured in a variety of ways. Measures of family communication about sexuaUty used previously have either con? sisted of a count of the number of sexual topics discussed (e.g., Fox & Inazu; Lewis), the number of sexual messages conveyed (DarUng & Hicks) or a dichotomous response (yes or no) to one or more questions about family discus? sions of sexuaUty (e.g., Herceg-Baron & Furstenberg; Newcomer & Udry). It seems to be generaUy true that the researchers utilizing a measure with a greater range of values have been more Ukely to report a relationship between adolescent sexual behavior and family sexual discussions. One area in which there does seem to be a consistent difference between late adolescents who have talked to their parents about sex as opposed to those who have not is in the similarity of parents' and children's sexual attitudes. Fisher (1986,1987) reported that coUege students from high sexual communi? cation famiUes had sexual attitudes that were significantly more highly corre? lated with those of their parents than did subjects in this age group from low sexual communication famiUes. It is possible, however, that these findings were a function of the fact that most of these late adolescents were stiU residing with their parents. The greater number of influences to which students Uving away from home are exposed might tend to diminish or eUminate the relationship between farmly sexual communication and attitude similarity. However, SuUivan and SuUivan (1980) found that coUege students who Uved away from home exhibited increased affection, communication, and satisfaction with their parents. Leaving home may accelerate the "second indi? viduation process" that Blos (1967) has suggested occurs during adolescence.


Andrew Allen, Ph.D., Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Director of the new Duke Center of Statistical Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, has expertise in statistical genetics and genomics, missing data, and clinical trials. He has done fundamental work on robust methods for haplotype inference and on statistical methods for mapping disease genes in high-dimensional data contexts. Recently, this work has focused on next-generation sequencing studies, where he has developed methods for analyzing rare (or even de novo) variation. He has applied these approaches to several neuropsychiatric sequencing studies and has discovered new disease genes in epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dr. Allen will teach in the area of statistical genetics and genomics.


A DTBP-promoted C-H thiolation of aldehydes with disulfides under metal-free and solvent-free conditions is described. The system shows good functional group tolerance to afford thioesters and amides in moderate to excellent yields. Page 1 of 10 Green Chemistry G re en C he m is tr y A cc ep te d M an us cr ip t


The monolithic integration of lasers and modulators in InGaAsP/InP is an attractive approach for the manufacture of compact, low-chirp sources with low packaging cost for high bit rate fiber transmission systems. For the control of chirp, the use of an interferometric Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator provides more flexibility than modulation by electro-absorption [1]. Zucker el al. have demonstrated a MZ modulator integrated with a superposed DBR laser [2], and more recently Tambun-Ek et al. have reported a MZ integrated with an optical amplifier and a conventional DFB laser, fabricated by selective area growth [3], Although both of these implementations offer the advantage of a small number of growth steps, the designs of the MZ and laser active regions are mutually constrained. In contrast, integration by butt-coupling virtually eliminates design constraints, allowing the DFB laser and modulator active regions to be independently optimized with respect to the choice of the number of quantum wells, the quantum well and barrier compositions, the doping profiles, and the optical confinement factors.


List of illustrations. 1. Biographical introduction. 2. Some early letters (1913-1920). 3. Letters to his mother (1921-1927). 4. Letters between Peter Kapitza in Moscow and Anna Kapitza in Cambridge (1934-1935). 5. Correspondence with Rutherford (1921-1937), Bohr and other physicists. 6. Letters to the Kremlin (1929-1980).


The city road network in Urumqi city was built based on MapInfo with Arc-Node data model of road network.The design of automatic chain scission and error handing about crossover point of road network was completed.Thereby,the automatic construction of topological structure for city road network and the search of the shortest route were achieved based on GIS(MapInfo).The city road network was verified to be practical.


J. Ferrer Beltrán et al. (eds.), Neutrality and Theory of Law, Law and Philosophy Library 106, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6067-7_2, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 It is a commonplace among scholars of general jurisprudence that a central goal—perhaps the central goal, or perhaps even the only goal—of general jurisprudence is to use the tools of philosophical analysis as a way of helping us to "understand" the "nature of law." 1 And although the question of what it is to "understand" some phenomenon is invariably a subjective and psychological determination, the object of that understanding—the "nature" of law—is not necessarily either subjective or psychological. Rather, the assumption in much contemporary writing on general jurisprudence is that the nature of the phenomenon of law has an observerindependent or theorist-independent existence, and that the task of the theorist is to discover and explain what that nature is. There is much that is controversial embedded in the foregoing paragraph, and I will take note of some of these controversies presently. My principal goal in this Chapter 2 Necessity, Importance, and the Nature of Law


The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the functional state of high-class judoists. Against the background of balanced vegetative mechanisms of regulation, the economic operation of heart activity in highly qualified athletes was noted, as well as the optimal level of development of functional reserves of the body and physical activity.


Whilst many children do not "look like" their birth parents, cross-culturally adopted children are often forced to address this topic within a social context that pathologizes lack of physical resemblance as though it signals a lack of community. A challenge for children's book authors is to address the complex emotions that arise from adoption without imposing a singular narrative outcome. In this article, I examine two picturebooks by Allen Say. Allison centralizes the issue of "looking like," whereas Emma's Rug examines the issue through allusions to European art in Emma's own paintings and in Say's paintings of his protagonist.


Background:Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are at a significantly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, and aberrant interleukin (IL)-6/STAT3 signaling pathway exists in both inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation-related gastrointestinal cancers. We have previously found that oroxylin A inhibited the NF-&kgr;B signaling in human colon tumor HCT-116 cells. However, whether oroxylin A could inhibit the colitis-associated carcinogenesis remains to be determined. Methods:HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of oroxylin A. Expression of relative proteins of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Mouse model for colitis-associated colorectal cancer was induced by a combined treatment with 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) followed by 3 cycles of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate in C57BL/6 mice. IL-6 and IL-1&bgr; gene expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of relative proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results:Oroxylin A effectively inhibited IL-6/STAT3 pathway in human HCT-116 cells, and the effect of oroxylin A was reversible. Dietary administration of oroxylin A throughout the experimental period significantly reduced the tumor burden, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in colon carcinomas. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1&bgr; decreased in tumors in oroxylin A–treated mice. The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was attenuated in oroxylin A–treated mice. Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that oroxylin A inhibits colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulating IL-6/STAT3 pathway in AOM/dextran sodium sulfate mouse model and in HCT-116 cells.


Inquiry becomes the right choice to form a good concept. The advantage of an inquiry-based module that improves students' motivation because students can learn by themselves and lessons are divided more equally. This study aims to determine the feasibility of the development of teaching materials to write the text of the results of observations based on inquiry. The feasibility of teaching materials in the form of this module was obtained by the assessment of two material experts and two design experts. This research is a research and development. Model development in this research by using Borg and Gall development model. This instrument includes a closed questionnaire to be assessed using the Likert scale format. The results showed that the teaching materials in the form of developed modules based on inquiry received the "very good" category from the material experts with an average percentage of 85.15%, and the design experts with an average percentage of 86.25%. This indicates that the development of teaching materials to write the report text based on inquiry is declared feasible to be used based on the assessment of material experts and design experts with the "very good"category. Keywords—development; teaching materials; report text;


Abstract : The theory of irreversible processes proposed by Prigogine and Van Hove is reviewed and the master equation is rederived directly in the phase space without reference to the Fourier space. The assumptions involved are closely examined with particular emphasis on the justification of the master equation as derived from the Liouville equation. It is demonstrated that the conditiocules, Gases, Theory, Mathematical analysis, Motion, Reacon kinetics, Mechanics. The theory of irreversible processes proposed by Prigogine and Van Hove is reviewed and the master equation is rederived directly in the phase space without reference to the Fourier space. The assumptions involved are closely examined with particular emphasis on the justification of the master equation as derived from the Liouville equation. It is demonstrated that the conditions of a parameter of smallness (lambda) associated with the inteion kinetics, Mechanics. The theory of irreversible processes proposed by Prigogine and Van Hove is reviewed and the master equation is rederived directly in the phase space without reference to the Fourier space. The assumptions involved are closely examined with particular emphasis on the justification of the master equation as derived from the Liouville equation. It is demonstrated that the conditions of a parameter of smallness (lambda) associated with the interaction potential energy and large time (t) compared to a collision time are neither necessary or sufficient to justify the derivation of the master equation. A necessary, but physically restrictive, condition, is obtained, and the usefulness of the master equation is discussed. (Author)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between prior experience of organisations and their "co‐opetitive" behaviours in forming research networks when a RD the minimum level of intra‐network co‐opetitio...


Objective To review the experience of total repair for tetralogy of fallot(TOF) in infancy.Methods Between March,2003 and Aug.2007,53 infants(male 35,female 18) underwent total repair of TOF,the infants were aged from 6 to 24 months,and weighted from 6 to 15kg.All procedures were completed using cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)with a transventricular approach.Results The crossclamp time was 45 to 85 [mean(63±15)mins],the duration of CPB was from 60 to 140 [mean(70±24)mins],2 died after operation,1 of low cardiac output syndrome(LOS),and 1 acute respiration distress syndrome(ARDS),the mortality was 3.7%.Conclusion The results of total repair for TOF in infancy are satisfactory.ARDS is still one of the most common complications we should deal with.


The burial, thermal and hydrocarbon histories of late Permian-Tertiary sedimentary succession in the NW of the Iberian Ranges were investigated using a single-well model. The reconstructed geobistories indicate four stages of evolution during early Alpine to late Alpine infill in the studied area: late Permian, Triassic, early and middle Jurassic, and latest Jurassic-middle Cretaceous. The differences between interpreted basement behaviour interpreted from tectonic subsidence curves differentiates four major «rift-uplift realms». The «riftluplift» realm is defined either as an individual fault-bounded structural domain of ifie continental phase of the rift system or as an uplift that displays similar extensional/uplift proeesses. Thcse «riftluplift realms» show a propagation of rifting/uplift stages through time. The initial Permian, Triassic and Jurassic episodes show a north-eastem propagation foliowed by a south-western propagation from the Central realm. Each of these realms shows aLo a gradual north-eastern progress of the extension strain. The Cretaceous rift/uplift stage seems to behave in the opposite direction. Present day bottom heat flow and thermal history were modelled, using both a steady sUite thermal aud a paleothermal heat flow-invariant model. Thc present average bottom heat flow oblained faills within the range of values reported in the literature from similar tectonic contexts. Different hcat flow values were tentatively adopted to determine maturation. Ml the quantitative estimations of generated hydrocarbons indicate that insignificant volumes of hydrocarbons were generated by source rocks considered in this study.


This article addresses the prominence of 'traditional' leaders and institutions in the Somaliland's "success-story" of political reconstruction after a violent conflict. Can the Somaliland experience be replicated and serve as a model for other cases of problematic statehood? Through an analysis of the Somaliland case, the article shows that one can not simply 'use' traditional leaders and institutions. They are not a-political entities or concepts. They are adaptable and have a dynamic of their own. The 'traditional' order is profoundly connected with 'non-traditional' orders i.e. 'modem' political leaders and institutions. How both develop and interact is contingent upon an aggregate of factors which develop over a long per iod of time. This set offactors include so-called 'structural' ones as well as ones that are more 'agency'-related. This aggregation of factors makes the Somaliland experience difficult to replicate. 'Traditional' leaders and institutions are not magic bullets, not a one- fits-all in cases of problematic statehood. They should not be viewed as a-political components of some 'appropriate governance technology' that will provide leaders and institutions supposedly adapted to a timeless 'African situation and culture '. Key Words: Somalia, Somaliland, 'Traditional' Leaders, Post-War Reconstruction, Institutions


A number of recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified several novel genetic determinants of plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in European populations. However, it is still unclear whether these loci identified in Caucasian GWA studies also exert the same effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in a Chinese population. We genotyped 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine loci in a Chinese Han population sample (n = 4,192) and assessed the associations of these SNPs with metabolic traits, using linear regression adjusted for age, gender, diabetes status, and body mass index. Three variants (rs12654264, P ∼ 1.7 × 10−6; rs3764261, P ∼ 7.1 × 10−7; and rs4420638, P ∼ 1.1 × 10−3) showed strong evidence for association with total cholesterol; four variants (rs780094, P ∼ 1.8 × 10−11; rs17145738, P ∼ 5.0 × 10−7; rs326, P ∼ 2.3 × 10−6; and rs439401, P ∼ 2.2 × 10−5) showed strong evidence for association with triglycerides, four variants (rs17145738, P ∼ 1.9 × 10−4; rs326, P ∼ 9.7 × 10−4; rs1800588, P ∼ 1.5 × 10−7; and rs3764261, P ∼ 4.3 × 10−14) showed strong evidence for association with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), two variants (rs12654264, P ∼ 2.3 × 10−5; and rs4420638, P ∼ 3.6 × 10−4) showed strong evidence for association with LDL-C, and four variants (rs326, P ∼ 2.8 × 10−3; rs1800588, P ∼ 6.1 × 10−4; rs3764261, P ∼ 2.0 × 10−3; and rs4420638, P ∼ 9.4 × 10−5) showed strong evidence for association with total cholesterol-HDL-C-related ratio. These SNPs generated strong combined effects on lipid traits and dyslipidemia. Our findings indicate that the variants that associated with metabolic traits in Europeans may also play a role in a Chinese Han population.


The basis of the Fifth Generation Fixed Networks (F5G) is planned to be a new concept of using fiber – the concept of Fiber-To-The-Everywhere-and-Everything (FTTE). Its practical implementation largely depends on the degree of use of the fiber in various applications. To assess this degree, ETSI has proposed using the Fiber Development Index (FDI). In 2002, the methodology for calculating FDI changed somewhat. The index now includes the following metrics: fiber to the premise's coverage, fiber to the household penetration, fiber to the business penetration, mobile cell site fiber penetration, advanced WDM technology investment. Index also quantifies the overall broadband quality of experience improvements driven by that investment, namely: median download speed, median upload speed, median latency and median jitter. The article provides a methodology for calculating the FDI and analyzes it's for Russia.


Problem solving is an essential part of engineering education, and many educational benefits can be derived when solving realistic problems. The use of realistic problems has been hindered, so far, by the difficulty of finding reliable and consistent property data. We have developed a new approach for problem solving, which involves the use of three available packages: Polymath Numerical Computation Package © for setting up the mathematical models with a new feature to export problems to Excel™, Aspen Properties™ for providing the property data via an Excel Add-In, and Microsoft™ Excel for an effective solution of the problem on a widely-used platform. The new approach is demonstrated by solving a sample problem involving calculation of an adiabatic flame temperature. It is shown that the availability of reliable and consistent property data enables instructors to replace artificial problems dealing with, say, compounds A, B and C with realistic problems dealing with real compounds. Furthermore, many different versions of the same problem can be prepared with minimal effort, as needed for exams and homework assignments. Realistic problems can be assigned routinely, as several steps of the problem solving process can be carried out very fast with the computer based tools provided, while the student concentrates his/her efforts on the subject matter and the solution options that are required.


Flavor transitions of Neutrinos with a nonstandard interaction are studied. A scalar field is conformally coupled to matter and neutrinos. This interaction alters the neutrino effective mass and its wavefunction leading to a damping factor, causing deficits in the probability densities and affecting the oscillation phase. As the matter density determines the scalar field's behavior, we also have an indirect matter density effect on the flavor conversion. We explain our results in the context of screening models and study the deficit in the total flux of electron-neutrinos produced in the Sun through the decay process and confront our results with observational data.


Networks with absolute concentration robustness (ACR) are ones that have a special translate of a coordinate hyperplane, which contains all steady states (static ACR) or attracts all trajectories (dynamic ACR). The implication for the underlying biological system is robustness in the concentration of one of the species independent of the initial conditions as well as independent of the concentration of all other species. Identifying network conditions for dynamic ACR is a challenging problem. We lay the groundwork in this paper by studying small reaction networks, those with 2 reactions and 2 species. We give a complete classification by ACR properties of these minimal reaction networks. The dynamics is rich even within this simple setting. Insights obtained from this work will help illuminate the properties of more complex networks with dynamic ACR.


Germination behavior of 45 tree, shrub, subshrub, and liana taxa from fire- prone coastal sage scrub and chaparral was investigated. Seeds were sown on filter paper or potting soil, in the light or dark, with or without powdered charred wood (charate), and after heating treatments of 1 h at 700, 5 min at 1000, 5 min at 1 20'C, or no heat. Germination medium had a significant effect on >70% of the species, although the pattern of response to other treatments remained the same on both media. Germination of over half of the species was inhibited in the dark, but two species were light inhibited. Charate significantly enhanced the germination of approximately a quarter of the species. A similar proportion of species exhibited heat-stimulated germination. In only a few species did both heat and charate play a role in stimulating germination. Nearly a third of the species had seeds that germinated readily upon wetting, and germination was not further stimulated by any fire- related cue. These different germination syndromes are correlated with different life history syndromes. Most coastal sage subshrubs germinate readily in the absence of fire-related stimuli and thus are capable of colonizing other forms of disturbance. For many of these species, germination was inhibited in the dark. This may result in a portion of the seed pool remaining dormant until fire since, in the case of several species, dark inhibition is overcome by charate. Chaparral shrubs and trees that germinate readily upon wetting seldom establish seedlings after fire. Their persistence in these fire-prone environments is due to resprouting after fire. Seedling establishment and population expansion for such species is dependent upon extended fire-free periods. In contrast, woody species that fail to germinate without some fire-related cue have seedling establishment and potential pop- ulation expansion restricted to postfire conditions. The present mixture in species com- position may be maintained by variable burning regimes.


A three-level Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of production reactor operation has been underway since 1985 at the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS). The goals of this analysis are to: Analyze existing margins of safety provided by the heavy-water reactor (HWR) design challenged by postulated severe accidents; Compare measures of risk to the general public and onsite workers to guideline values, as well as to those posed by commercial reactor operation; and Develop the methodology and database necessary to prioritize improvements to engineering safety systems and components, operator training, and engineering projects that contribute significantly to improving plant safety. PSA technical staff from the Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) have performed the assessment despite two obstacles: A variable baseline plant configuration and power level; and a lack of technically applicable code methodology to model the SRS reactor conditions. This paper discusses the detailed effort necessary to modify the requisite codes before accident analysis insights for the risk assessment were obtained.


Sincemechanical stress affects bothelectronic functions andreliability ofLSIchips, ithasbecomestrongly important tominimize theresidual stress inLSIchips. Thisis because theresidual stress increases significantly bychanging thebonding structure between anLSIchipandasubstrate fromawire-bonding structure (WB)toaflip-chip structure (FC). A finite element analysis, therefore, wasperformed to makeclear thequantitative residual stress distribution in stacked chipsmountedby flipchiptechnology using area-arrayed metallic bumps. Themaximumvalueofthe normal stress onatransistor formation surface ofachip shifts about -200MPabychanging theassembly structure fromWB toFC.Aperiodic distribution withamplitude ofabout 90MPa alsoappears duetotheperiodic alignment ofthemetallic bumps. Suchachange oftheresidual stress inanLSIchip causesa shift ofelectronic functions ofsemiconductor devices inalocal areaofthechip. Theimportant structural factors that determine thedistribution oftheresidual stress are found tobethethickness ofachip, theheight ofabump,the width ofabump,theperiod ofthebumps, andthethermal expansion coefficient ofunderfill material. Theaverage residual stress inthestacked twochips varies depending on thedistance froma bending neutral axisofthestacked structure, andthelocal residual stress also varies depending ontherelative position ofbumpsinanupper connection layer andabottom connection layer. Therefore, itisveryimportant tooptimize thethickness ofachip, theposition (layout) of bumps, andother structural factors tominimize notonly the average residual stress butalso theamplitude oftheperiodic stress distribution. Finally, theestimated stress distribution wasproved indetail byexperiments using stress-sensing chips with10-ptm long gauges.


In this paper, we obtain analytical solutions of incomplete elliptic integrals of first and second kinds. Further, we generalize these incomplete elliptic integrals in the forms of multiple series identities involving bounded multiple sequences.


The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as e‐cigarettes, with a variety of e‐liquids/e‐juices, is increasing at an alarming rate among adolescents who do not realize the potential harmful health effects. This study examines the harmful effects of ENDS on the liver. Apolipoprotein E null (ApoE‐/‐) mice on a western diet (WD) were exposed to saline or ENDS with 2.4% nicotine aerosol for 12 weeks using our mouse ENDS exposure model system, which delivers nicotine to mice and leads to equivalent serum cotinine levels found in human cigarette users. ApoE‐/‐ mice on a WD exposed to ENDS exhibited a marked increase in hepatic lipid accumulation compared with ApoE‐/‐ on a similar diet exposed to saline aerosol. The detrimental effects of ENDS on hepatic steatosis were associated with significantly greater oxidative stress, increased hepatic triglyceride levels, and increased hepatocyte apoptosis, independent of adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, hepatic RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 433 genes were differentially expressed in ENDS‐exposed mice on WD compared with saline‐exposed mice. Functional analysis indicates that genes associated with lipid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, and circadian rhythm were most significantly altered in the liver in response to ENDS. Conclusion: These results demonstrate profound adverse effects of ENDS on the liver. This is important information for regulatory agencies as they regulate ENDS.


Objective: To estimate the reference values of the questionnaire SF-12 version 2, its validation and subsequent analysis by principal components and to estimate the correlation to the dimensions of quality of life related to health for the adult non-institutionalized population in Barranquilla, Colombia.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: Surveys were applied to 1,480 non institutionalized adults aged 20 years and older. The references of central tendency, dispersion and analysis of internal consistency were calculated using Cronbach's alpha and correlation interclass using principal component analysis.
Results: The highest average scores were presented in the domains of pain, 91.8 (± 19.6). Social functioning was second with 90.6 (± 22.2). The lowest scores were mental health with 49.6 (± 12.0) and general health with 59.4 (± 23.5). Males reflected higher scores than women in the dimensions of social function, physical functioning, and physical role. However, mental health in women showed greater punctuation. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.73, while for the physical role and emotional role it was 0.85. Mental health was the lowest at 0.59. The inter-scale correlation coefficients resulted in ranges from intermediate to low (r=0.74 to -0.14; p=0.00). In the analysis of components, the first component corresponds to the dimensions of pain related to general health, physical functioning, physical role, emotional role and vitality. The second component corresponds to mental health and social functioning.
Conclusion: Useful results to adjust health programs focused on gender and assess the extent of health intervention results. The values can be used as normative references for the Caribbean region of Barranquilla, Colombia.


The ichthyosis is usually evident at birth and brings the patient to medical attention. The onset of neurologic symptoms in the first or second year of life prompts the diagnosis of SLS. Mental retardation and spasticity become apperant with delay in achieving motor and verbal milestones. Most patients have an IQ less than 60 and show evidence of leukodystrophy with neuroimaging. Unlike other lipid disorders, SLS patients generally don't show neuroregression. Spastic dyplegia or tetraplegia impairs walking and use of the upper extremities. Additional clinical features include glistening white dots on the retina, seizures, short stature and speech defects.


Teaching eighth graders requires a well-cultivated sense of humor. How else could one face the daily onslaught of adolescence in action? In the course of a typical day, a teacher might be insulted about his or her hairstyle; forced to listen to the explicit wisdom of Blink 182 and other Generation Y musical choices; asked to affirm the taste and sophistication of green hair, wallet chains, and extralarge pants that begin significantly below the waist; and called upon to mediate the coed struggles that are commonplace among hormonally charged fourteenyear-olds. In the classroom, it is a sense of humor that can get a teacher through a day of incessantly repeating simple instructions, juggling conflicting personalities, accommodating a variety of learning styles and aptitudes, and handling the random distractions and absurdities that could strike at any time. While a sense of humor is a necessity for maintaining a Middle School teacher's psychological well-being, it is not always utilized as a classroom strategy. But, when employed creatively and strategically, humor can serve a variety of teacher and student needs and greatly support students in the processes of learning and maturing. When injected into the curriculum and school life, humor can:


Abstract A kinetic study of the Wittig reaction for synthesizing stilbene is carried out by reacting benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) with benzyltri‐phenylphosphonium bromide (BTPPB) in the NaOH(aq)/CH2Cl2(org) two‐phase reaction system. The rate of reaction depends on the agitation speed, the temperature and the concentrations of C6H5CHO, BTPPB, and NaOH. When the agitation speed is low, the reaction is highly affected by interface diffusion. The reactant rate constant, based on the SN 2 substitution mechanism and the activation energy are also determined. It is found that the activation energy obtained from the present study (Ea =11.97 kcal/mole) is less than that of the previously documented data (Ea =12.984 kcal/mole) in which benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (BTPPC) was used as a phase transfer catalyst.


The synapse circuit presented here is constructed from a second-order lowpass filter using log-domain techniques. This synapse presents an advantage over those currently available as its output current is proportional to the number of spiking inputs and it can delay the peak current from 0.5–50 ms. Thus, this can be used for temporal coding and to substitute several parallel synapses with one. Measurement results from its implementation in a 0.5 µm ON semiconductor technology are presented.


What is ABET accreditation? What is required to receive it? Is it worth the effort? This paper will examine the process as viewed through the eyes of one department chair. Details about the discuss...


Abstract:Max Weber's studies on the economic ethic of the world religions are considered very often as being Eurocentric. However, it is not always specified in which regard this is the case. In this essay, I distinguish between normative, heuristic and conceptual Eurocentrism. Weber's Eurocentrism is heuristic and conceptual, but not normative. He adhered to a one-sided analysis of the history of religion from a European viewpoint and with European concepts, but never claimed that the West is superior to the East, contrary to those authors who subscribe to a truly evolutionary model. One case in point here is Hegel's philosophy of religion, from which Weber's approach deviated not only in the theory of concept formation, but also in the interpretation of what could be termed with Hegel a consummate religion. Weber's decisive term here is salvation religion, and for him religions of this type appeared in the West as well as in the East. For the East, early Buddhism and Jainism are cases in point. Weber considered all salvation religions normatively speaking on equal footing, but with different consequences for life conduct, originating from different worldviews and tied to different developmental histories. To demonstrate this is the purpose of his multiple comparisons between the West and the East as well as within the West and the East.


The main subject of this thesis is the theory of stochastic differential equations driven by semimartingales with jumps. We consider applications in the decomposition of stochastic flows in differentiable manifolds, and geometrical aspects about these equations. Initially, in a differentiable manifold endowed with a pair of complementary distributions, we discuss the decomposition of continuous stochastic flows, that is, flows generated by SDEs driven by Brownian motion. Previous results guarantee that, under some assumptions, there exists a decomposition in diffeomorphisms that preserves the distributions up to a stopping time. Using the so called Marcus equation, and a technique that we call 'stop and go' equation, we construct a stochastic flow close to the original one, with the property that the constructed flow can be decomposed further on the stopping time. After, we deal with the decomposition of stochastic flows in the discontinuous case, that is, processes generated by SDEs driven by semimartingales with jumps. We discuss the existence of this decomposition, and obtain the SDEs for the respective components, using an extension of the Itô-Ventzel-Kunita formula. Finally, we propose a model of stochastic differential equations including delay and jumps. The idea is to describe some phenomena such that the information comes to the receptor by different channels: continuously, with some delay, and in discrete times, instantaneously. We deal with geometrical aspects related with this subject: parallel transport in càdlàg curves, and lifting of solutions of these equations to the linear frame bundle of a differentiable manifold.


Background Although the incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased markedly, the 5-year survival rate for this disease is considerably low compared with other types of cancer. Moreover, the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is similar to its incidence rate. Current therapeutic agents exhibit a lack of specificity for pancreatic cancer. Baohuoside I is traditionally used to treat orgasmic disorder and inflammation. However, its role in pancreatic cancer is unknown. Objective To explore the effects of Baohuoside I on pancreatic cancer and to study the potential-related molecular mechanism. Materials and methods In the present study, the antineoplastic effect of Baohuoside I was investigated with regard to pancreatic cancer via colony formation, transwell and migration assay. The energy metabolism changes of pancreatic cancer were tested by flow cytometry analysis and oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis assay. The target signaling members were analyzed by Western blot. Results Baohuoside I inhibited the cell growth of pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, it affected intracellular energy metabolism to induce cancer cell apoptosis via the mTOR/S6K1 and the caspase/Bcl2/Bax signaling pathways. Conclusion The present data provide further insight into the development of novel drugs against pancreatic cancer.


© Journal of Xiangya Medicine. All rights reserved. J Xiangya Med 2020;5:11 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jxym.2020.03.03 The alarmingly contagious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Wuhan in December 2019. In response to the call of China's National Health Commission, the Second Xiangya Hospital (SXYH) of Central South University has sent out 4 teams (with a total of 192 members) to Wuhan to fight directly against the epidemic (1). On February 9, SXYH decided to establish the Front-line Command (FLC) of its National Anti-epidemic Medical Team. During its work in Wuhan, the FLC strictly followed the Xiangya Spirit, or Xiangya Hospital's motto of "Fairness, Bravery, Diligence, Prudence, Honesty, Love, Humbleness, Integrity, Truth, Precision, Profoundness, and Professionalism" and has managed to develop a Xiangya mode for the team's services in the construction and operation of the cabin hospital in Wuchang District of Wuhan. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Central government decided to set up cabin hospitals as a solution to overcome the serious bed shortage in Wuhan after the outbreak of COVID-19. However, converting gymnasiums, convention centers, and classrooms/dormitories into infectious disease hospitals posed several challenges in terms of infrastructure, operating rules and policies, teamwork, staff training, and patient diagnosis and rehabilitation (2,3). After receiving orders from the government, SXYH immediately sent its medical team to support the construction of the Wuchang Hongshan Gymnasium Cabin Hospital. The team was the first national medical emergency team outside of Hubei Province that arrived in Wuhan and participated in the construction and operation of the cabin hospital in Wuchang. Assigned by the Wuhan Wuchang District government, SXYH was responsible for the medical work in Wuchang cabin hospitals . The FLC of SXYH immediately coordinated with 4 national medical emergency teams from SXYH, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Fujian Provincial Hospital, as well as the medical teams from Hubei Provincial Cancer Hospital and Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital to develop the joint working mechanism and medical quality control standards. The FLC strictly followed the Xiangya Spirit to guide the construction and operation of Wuchang cabin hospitals for COVID-19 patients (4,5), ensuring the multiple teams from the 6 hospitals had clearly defined responsibilities, mutual trust, and good cooperation. A long-term medical quality management mechanism has also been established in Wuchang cabin hospitals (4,5).


We have fabricated manganite film/ferroelectric crystal heterostructures by growing La0.7Ca0.15Sr0.15MnO3 (LCSMO) films on ferroelectric 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.33PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single-crystal substrates. The efficient mechanical coupling at the interface, originated from ferroelectric polarization or the converse piezoelectric effect in the PMN-PT substrate, gives rise to large changes in the strain state, electrical resistance, magnetoresistance, and insulator-to-metal transition temperature (TP) of the film. We interpreted all these changes in terms of substrate-induced strain, which modifies the tetragonal distortion of MnO6 octahedra and the electron-lattice coupling strength in the film. Quantitative relationships between TP and induced strain in the LCSMO film have been established.


With the rapid development of private higher education, the scale of private colleges and universities has gradually expanded in the context of "double first-class" construction. Private colleges and universities have paid more attention to the cultivation of young teachers. Young teachers are the backbone of the development of private colleges and universities, and constitute the main body of the private college teachers. The overall quality of young teachers determines the level of teachers and the effectiveness of teaching in private colleges. The development of young teachers affects the construction of the teaching staff of private universities, and it also has an important impact on the quality of teaching in private universities. Therefore, attaching importance to cultivating young teachers in private colleges and universities will promote the overall level of the faculty of private colleges and universities, and realize the healthy and sustainable development of private colleges and universities.


Objectives/Hypothesis The proven ability of mitomycin C to inhibit fibroblasts in vitro has stimulated its use in research animals and in humans to control healing. The objective of the study was to follow the healing process of surgical wounds in the dorsum of rats treated topically with mitomycin C.


Mastering accurate spatial planting and distribution status of the crops is significantly important for the nation to guide the agricultural production and formulate agricultural policies from a macro perspective. In this paper, the Landsat-8 OLI satellite images were taken as the data sources. And as for the nine crop types within the study area, such as the wheat, rice, and other crops, three classification methods of the random forest classification (RFC), the support vector machine (SVM), and the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) were applied in extracting the planting area of winter wheat in Wushi County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It can be seen from the results that, general classification accuracy of MLC, SVM, and RFC are respectively 80.58%, 87.95%, and 95.96%, while their Kappa coefficients are respectively 0.61, 0.76, and 0.86. The RFC method shows higher classification accuracy that those of MLC and SVM methods. The principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out on the original 7-band image to extract the first 4 principal components and calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), wide dynamic range vegetation index (WDRVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI). Meanwhile, the 6 additional auxiliary feature bands were superimposed on the original 7-band images to carry out reclassification, through which, the general accuracy of MLC increased by 3 percent while its Kappa coefficient increased by 0.06; the SVM general accuracy increased by 3.02 percent while its Kappa coefficient increased by 0.13; and the general accuracy of the RFC increased by 0.85 percent while its Kappa coefficient increased by 0.02. This indicates that, the adding of auxiliary information can improve the crop classification and identification ability and accuracy. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the classification method of random forest is proved to have better performance in winter wheat identification.


This paper argues for the value of a reformulated and reoperationalized functional approach to attitudes. The development of two new procedures for directly assessing functions is described. First, a content analysis procedure was devised, using essays written by undergraduate students describing their attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Patterns of themes were identified in the essays that indicate the presence of three functions: Experiential-Schematic, Defensive and Self-Expressive. Correlations with theoretically relevant measures indicate that the content analysis procedure effectively assesses attitude functions. In a second study, an objectively-scored method, the Attitude Functions Inventory (AFI), was developed and used to assess the functions served by attitudes toward lesbians and gay men and toward persons with three stigmatizing disabilities: AIDS, mental illness and cancer. In the AFI, the Self-Expressive function observed in the first study was subdivided into Social-Expressive and Value-Expressive functions. Preliminary data support the AFI's validity. Theoretical and methodological implications for future research are discussed.


Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm involving disorded electrical activiy in the atria, leading to irregular contraction of the ventricles. Overall heart rate is usually faster than in sinus rhythm. At present, drug therapy continues to be the mainstay of treatment for atrial fibrillation, and may consist of rate control or rhythm control (plus stroke prophylaxis). Dronedarone is a relatively new antiarrhythmic drug, developed as an alternative to amiodarone. This article discusses its characteristics and potential role in management of AF.


Summary In Part One of this article (Vol. 6, No. 2, Spring 1984), following a description of the development of the psychology of religion in religious education during the earlier decades of this century, the first (religious thinking) of three areas of contemporary research was considered. Part Two considers religious attitude and religious experience. Finally, the relationships between these three areas, together with some current trends, are discussed.


The paper introduced the innovatio n' s designs and measures of the induction smelting zinc furnance,de-scribed the construction?investment and profit simply.


This paper presents measurements of gas-phase species emitted from combustion of beech in a 'modern' residential heating stove in both fresh and aged states. Five replicate laboratory experiments were conducted in which emissions from a steady flaming combustion were sampled into a laboratory smog chamber, from which there were sampled for both a primary characterization period and during oxidation by OH formed via HONO photolysis. The use of replicate experiments is useful, as it assesses the extent to which emissions vary even within narrowly controlled circumstances – as it turns out, quite a bit. Interestingly, many of the emissions of concern (CO, OA, BC) are quite consistent across tests, as is the SOA produced during aging. In contrast,


An acoustic emission (AE) monitoring technique has been developed to detect embrittled brazed joints. The technique involves the application of a slowly increasing proof load, during which time the specimen is monitored for AE activity emanating from the braze. The so-called Cantilever bend test (CBT) was originally developed by Drouillard [1] at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado, USA and was subsequently adopted within the AWE (Atomic Weapons Establishment) manufacturing process in the early 1980s, despite slight but subtle variations in the brazing processes. Over time, we find a steady increase in downtime because of the failure of the now obsolete, analogue AE instrumentation. This resulted in a development programme to identify suitable replacement instrumentation, that could also be used to conduct an independent study of the brazing process, which until now had relied entirely on US data. In addition, it provided an opportunity to develop an 'intelligent' motor controller, to take over the role of the operator who until now, was required to control the entire test sequence manually. This paper presents a summary of the research programme and presents typical results demonstrating the effectiveness of this monitoring technique.


Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) (f-MWNT) are prepared using nitrene chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization. The >CO groups in the f-MWNT interact with the >CF2 groups of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to achieve a compatible blend. An increase of the glass transition temperature (Tg), relaxation temperatures of the crystal-amorphous interface and crystalline phases are observed in the composites over pristine PVDF. The thermal stability of the composites increases with increasing f-MWNT concentration. The storage modulus increases significantly with increasing f-MWNT concentration and the highest increase of 120% over PVDF is observed for 1 wt% f-MWNT at 50 °C. An increase in tensile strength with a decrease of the strain at break, and increase of Young's modulus and toughness indicate the formation of a very hard and ductile composite material. The electrical conductivity is high (1 × 10−4 S cm−1, for 5% f-MWNT) and shows a very low percolation threshold (0.36% w/w at 30 °C). Analysis of the conductivity data yields the magnitude of percolation exponent 2.1, suggesting three-dimensional percolation is a suitable model for the conduction of the composites. The temperature variation of the conductivity suggests that the conduction might occur through a temperature fluctuation induced tunnelling mechanism. The I–V characteristic curves indicate the semiconducting nature of the composites.


Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Medicines.- III Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products.- Provisions as to Sale or Supply of Medicinal Products.- Exemptions from Sections 52 and 53.- Additional Provisions.- Offences, and Provision for Disqualification.- The Medicines (Collection and Delivery Arrangements - Exemption) Order 1978.- The Medicines (Sale or Supply) (Miscellaneous Provisons) Regulations 1980.- Schedule 1 Classes of Person for the Purposes of Regulation 5.- Schedule 2 Particulars in Pharmacy Records.- Schedule 3 Pack Sizes for Certain Veterinary Drugs Sold or Supplied by Retail.- The Medicines (Pharmacy and General Sale-Exemption) Order 1980.- Schedule 1 Exemptions for Certain Persons from Sections 52 and 53.- Schedule 2 Exemption for Certain Medicinal Products of High Dilutions.- The Medicines (Products Other Than Veterinary Drugs (General Sale List) Order 1984.- Schedule 1 Class of Medicinal Products (Other Than Products the Subject of a Product Licence of Right) on General Sale by Virtue of Article 2(a).- Schedule 2 Class of Medicinal Products (the Subject of a Product Licence of Right) on General Sale by Virtue of Article 2(b).- Schedule 3 Classes of Medicinal Products Which are not on the General Sale List.- The Medicines (Retail Sale or Supply of Herbal Remedies) Order 1977.- Schedule 1 Part I Substances in Respect of Which the Exemptions Conferred by Section 56(1) and (2) do not have Effect.- Schedule 1 Part II Substances in Respect of Which the Exemptions Conferred by Section 56(1) do not have Effect.- Schedule 1 Part III Substances in Respect of Which the Exemptions Conferred by Section 56(2) do not have Effect.- The Medicines (Products Other than Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1983.- Schedule 1 Descriptions and Classes of Prescription Only Medicines.- Schedule 2 Substances not to be Contained in a Prescription Only Medicine Sold or Supplied Under the Exemption Conferred by Article 6(3).- Schedule 3 Exemption for Certain Persons from Section 58(2) of the Act.- Schedule 4 Orders Revoked.- The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1973 as amended.- Schedule 1 Controlled Drugs Exempted from the Prohibition on Importation, Exportation and Possession and Subject to the Requirements of Regulations 23 (CDinv).- Schedule 2 Controlled Drugs Subject to the Requirements of Regulations 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 24 (CD).- Schedule 3 Controlled Drugs Subject to Regulations 14, 15, 16 and 18, (CDnoReg).- Schedule 4 Controlled Drugs Subject to Regulations 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 and 24 (CDlic).- The Misuse of Drugs (Notification of and Supply to Addicts) Regulations 1973 as amended.- Schedule Controlled Drugs to Which these Regulations Apply.- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978.- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977.- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977.- Schedule 1 Descriptions and Classes of Antimicrobial Substances to Which the Prohibition in Article 2(1) of this Order Applied.- Schedule 2 Exceptions from the Prohibition Imposed by Article 2(1) of this Order.- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended.- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979.- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982.- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products.- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983.- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984.- Schedule 1 Veterinary Drugs on General Sale by Virtue of Article 2.- Schedule 2 Veterinary Drugs Which are not on the General Sale List.- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985.- Schedule 1 Descriptions and Classes of Prescription Only Medicines.- Schedule 2 Veterinary Drugs for Parental Administration that are not Prescription Only.- Schedule 3 Exemption for Certain Persons from Section 58(2) of the Act.- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended.- Schedule 1: Part A Licence of Right Veterinary Drugs.- Schedule 1: Part B Veterinary Drugs.- Schedule 2: Part A Licence of Right Veterinary Drugs.- Schedule 2: Part B Veterinary Drugs.- Schedule 3: Part A Licence of Right Veterinary Drugs.- Schedule 3: Part B Veterinary Drugs.- Schedule 4: Horse Wormers.- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs.- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications.- Schedule 3 Sampling.- The Medicines (Certificates of Analysis) Regulations 1977.- Schedule Forms of Certificate of Analysis or Examination.- The Medicines (Animal Feeding Stuffs) (Enforcement) Regulations 1985.- Schedule 1 Part II, sections 112, 113 and 115 of the Act 1968 as Modified by Part I of this Schedule.- Schedule 2 Manner of Taking, Dividing, Marking, Sealing and Fastening of Samples.- Schedule 3 Methods of Analysis.- Schedule 4 Forms of Certificate of Analysis or Examination.- I Certificate of Analysis of Animal Feeding Stuff (1).- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1).- The Medicines (Feeding Stuffs of Variation) Order 1976 Schedule.- Division 8 Pharmacies.- IV Pharmacies.- Persons Lawfully Conduction Retail Pharmacy Business.- Registration of Pharmacies.- Provisions as to Use of Certain Titles, Descriptions and Emblems.- Disqualification, and Removal of Premises from Register.- Supplementary Provisions.- The Medicines (Pharmacies) (Applications for Registration and Fees) Regulations 1973 as amended.- Extract from the Pharmacy Act 1954 Removal from and Restoration to the Register, etc..- Schedule 1 The Statutory Committee - Constitution.- The Pharmaceutical Society (Statutory Committee) Order of Council 1978.


Abstract Objective: Non-specific chest pain is one of the leading causes of admissions in paediatric cardiology outpatient clinics, and its management usually consists of extensive reassurance of patients and their families. As we have often observed that successful completion of treadmill testing during diagnostic work-up provides relief and reassurance in these patients and their families, we planned this study to quantitatively assess anxiety levels and perception of illness among children with non-specific chest pain before and after treadmill testing. Method: We studied 50 children (aged 11.8 ± 3.0 years, range 7–17 years; 24 females, 26 males) with a chief complaint of non-specific chest pain and negative history and echocardiography. They were asked to fill the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale before the treadmill testing and 1–10 days after successful completion of treadmill testing. Results: Average total anxiety scores (36.38 ± 19.09 versus 33.36 ± 19.09, respectively) and average of total anxiety + depression scores (44.3 ± 24.92 versus 40.8 ± 26.97, respectively) of the children were found to be significantly lower after negative treadmill testing as compared to scores before testing (p < 0.05). Alterations in separation anxiety, panic, social phobia, obsession-compulsion scores were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Children with non-specific chest pain feel relieved and reassured after successful completion of treadmill testing. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first in the literature to show this relationship quantitatively.


Objective: Albeit controversial, serum uric acid (SUA) seems to convey a prognostic significance in women. Yet data over the long run are limited in hypertension. The aim of the present study was to confirm the prognostic significance over the long-term particularly in hypertensive women. Design and method: 1897 hypertensive patients with an assessment of SUA at baseline during their work-up for hypertension were followed according to tertile of SUA: < 339, 339 to 428 and >428 micromol/L. All-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were assessed after a 20 year-follow-up period. Results: Baseline characteristics were age 45.1 ± 13.4 years, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 180 ± 32/104 ± 20 mmHg, women 39.1% and eDFG 83.3 ± 29.5 mL/min. SUA was independently correlated with age, gender, BMI, previous cardiovascular events, eGFR, thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers use, and diabetes. At 20 years of follow-up, 748 deaths were observed, 442 of which were from cardiovascular causes. As shown in Kaplan-Meier curves, tertiles of SUA were predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular death in the whole cohort (p < 0.001 for both, Figure). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients in the third tertile have an increased risk of all-cause death (HR 1.34 (1.09–1.65) vs. tertile 1, HR 1.30 (1.09–1.55) vs. tertile 2) but only a trend was observed for cardiovascular death (HR 1.33 (1.00–1.76) vs. tertile 1, HR 1.16 (0.92–1.53) vs. tertile 2). A strong interaction with gender was observed for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.006 and p = 0.013 respectively). In subgroup analysis with the same Cox regression analysis, tertile 3 predicts mortality only in women: all-cause death HR 1.86 (1.34–2.58) vs. tertile 1, HR 1.76 (1.25–2.48) vs. tertile 2; cardiovascular death HR 1.77 (1.13–2.79) vs. tertile 1, HR 1.52 (0.96–2.38) vs. tertile 2. The information gain after addition of tertiles of SUA was significant in the multivariable Cox regression model (likelihood ratio test p = 0.009 and p = 0.025 for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively) with an increment of the C-index of 0.003 for the two different endpoints. Figure. No caption available. Conclusions: After a long-term follow-up period, SUA improves death stratification in hypertensive women on top of traditional risk factors and target organ damages.


The inertial navigation system gets the initial of the object through initial alignment,then computes the heading and(attitude) of the object during moving. This paper studies the algorithm of heading and attitude.


The article is a brief review of the research of the stress-deformation state of a structure that represents a hemispherical geodetic dome exposed to the dead load. Single-contour geodetic domes composed of flat plates are the subject of the research. The process of their design has two stages: (a) design of geometric models of geodetic domes and (b) analysis of domes. The authors demonstrate that the first stage can be implemented through the employment of the library of ArchiCAD objects. Supplementary research is needed to have the second stage implemented. The objective of this research is to present the results of the research using computer-aided methods of modeling of metal structures. The analysis of smooth hemispherical domes is performed using analytical and finite-element methods within the Patran/Nastran environment. The authors demonstrate that the results of the finite-element method analysis converge with the results of the analytical method analysis. Conversion of geometric models of geodetic domes into the format that satisfies Patran preprocessor requires the employment of the Visual Basic software. Ultimately, comparison between the results obtained in respect of the geodetic dome and the analytical results obtained in respect of the smooth dome exposed to the dead load is performed. The conclusion is that the maximal stress experienced by a single-contour geodetic dome, in the event of reduction of sizes of plates, converges with the maximal stress of similar smooth domes.


In the present investigation to study the growth measurements and biochemical ingredients of five species of marine cyanobacteria in terms of chlorophyll a', phycobilipigments, total carotenoid, total protein astaxanthin and polyphenolic contents were analyzed namely, Synechococcus elongatus, Synechococcus aeruginosus, Oscillatoria subbrevis, Phormidium species and Phormidium fragile there is repository in the germplasm collections of Jamal Mohamed College. Growth measurement of chlorophyll 'a' and protein were recorded at 2 days interval until 15th day. The amount of chlorophyll 'a' and protein were recorded maximum at 7th day and rarely 9th day. The analysis revealed that the maximum quantity of chlorophyll a' and total protein was observed in Synechococcus aeruginosus (58.14 ± 1.24 mg mL-1 and 203.51 ± 15.26 µg mL-1) followed by Oscillatoria subbrevis (37.24 ± 2.07mg mL-1 and 142.81 ± 3.73 µg mL-1), minimum in Synechococcus elangatus (10.39 ± 0.36 mg mL-1 and 48.92 ± 2.88 µg mL-1 respectively). Whereas Phormidium fragile showed higher quantity of phycobilipigments especially Phycoerythrin (32.28±0.34 μg mL-1) followed by Oscillatoria subbrevis (13.03±0.60 μg mL-1) respectively. Phycocyanin was recorded highest in Phormidium species and Synechococcus aeruginosus (14.33±0.09 μg mL-1 and 13.83±1.05 μg mL-1) followed by Oscillatoria subbrevis (11.46±0.02 μg mL-1), the minimum amount of Phycoerythrin in Phormidium species (1.57±0.67 μg mL-1) and minimum phycocyanin in Synechococcus elongatus (2.75±0.01μg mL-1). Total carotenoid was recorded highest quantity in Synechococcus elongatus (7.49±0.21 μg g-1) followed by synechococcus aeruginosus (2.84±0.10 μg g-1) very least in Phormidium fragile (0.93±0.25 μg g-1) respectively. Astaxanthin highest quantity was present in Oscillatoria subbrevis (133.11±5.39 µg g-1), minimum in Phormidium fragile (9.85±0.18 μg g-1). Polyphenolic component maximum was observed in Phormidium fragile (583.77±66.33 μg g-1), very least in Oscillatoria subbrevis (14.82±1.08 μg g-1). The study revealed that Oscillatoria subbrevis and Phormidium fragile was a potent producer of astaxanthin, phycoerythrin and polyphenolics.


To study the characteristics of sorption and desorption is significantly for the environmental behavior and fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants.In this paper,the batch isotherm experiments were performed to study the characteristics and effect factors for the sorption and desorption of p,p′-DDT on sediment of the Yellow River in Lanzhou.The effect of environmental factors on the sorption of p,p′-DDT such as water temperature,pH value,particle sizes in sediments were investigated,respectively.Experimental results demonstrated that the sorption of p,p′-DDT in the sediments of the Yellow River in Lanzhou could be completely balanced in 24 h.The sorption isotherm was nonlinear and fitted with the form of the Freundlich equation at experimental condition,which suggested that both adsorption and partition occurred in the sorption process of p,p′-DDT at the same time.The desorption process of p,p′-DDT had an obvious hysteresis,and it was difficult for desorption than sorption.Furthermore,the affected degrees of different environmental factors were different for the sorption.The result of orthogonal experiment indicated that the sorption amount of p,p′-DDT was influenced by the initial concentrations of sorbate and sorbent obviously,sorption amount of p,p′-DDT exhibited an increased trend with the initial concentration of sorbate and decreased trend with the concentration of sorbent,but no other significantly affected factors were obvious including such as water temperature,pH value,content of organic matter,ionic strength.