The notion "innovations in health service" is associated in the majority of cases with the newest medical equipment, new methods of treatment and diagnostics or with medicines of a new generation. All these elements are definitely a base of innovations and thanks to them the progress in medicine is made; however they do not show all the aspects of this notion. New organizational forms of health service activities, new sources of financing as well as forms and patters defining the behavior of personnel and the relations of personnel with patients can be also regarded as innovations. One of such organizational innovations is clusters -innovative solution based on the transfer of knowledge and direct personal contacts, as a geographical concentration of selected suppliers, service providers and associated institutions in the branches of industry which are connected together. Other aspect describes Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in health service management. Based on own author's research, this paper describes organizational innovations -including clusters -implemented in recent years in Poland, together with selected case studies of organizational innovations implemented in South East part of the country. 1. THE NEED OF ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIONS IN HEALTH SERVICE Civilization development together with life span that is continuously lengthening and the changing situations of the different diseases create a lot of challenges for the medical practice. These challenges can be only overcome by the dynamic development of medical knowledge and wide access to its achievements can help to realize them. Innovations in health service are both necessary and inevitable. The notion "innovations in health service" is associated in the majority of cases with the newest medical equipment, new methods of treatment and diagnostics or with medicines of a new generation. All these elements are definitely a base of innovations and thanks to them the progress in medicine is made; however they do not show all the aspects of this notion. New organizational forms of health service activities, new sources of financing as well as forms and patters defining the behavior of personnel and the relations of personnel with patients can be also regarded as innovations. There is a common consent that a patient's welfare is the aim of innovations in medicine. Such an understanding of their aims does not mean automatically that they are always approved and ready to be implemented in the sector of health service. The financial expenditure connected with them can constitute a barrier, especially in the countries like Poland, where health service suffers from a lot of shortages. However, it is known that innovations often become a source of savings in the future. On the other hand it is also known that new possibilities in medicine create new demand for its services. It is said that necessity is the mother of innovations; however innovation is also the mother of necessity. Apart from some obvious financial issues, there are many social and organizational factors which can be the barriers and which make it difficult or delay the adaptation of innovations. The most general one is the proper level of system "civilization" which is to absorb an innovation (of knowledge, qualifications, organization). Definitely the introduction of new innovative medicines is the least xxx


This paper considers multi-access relay networks (MARNs) where two single-antenna users communicate to one N-antenna receiver via two hops of transmissions through one R-antenna relay. Nodes in the network are under two linear constraints. The relay linearly maps its received signal to generate its forwarding signal without decoding; the receiver has linear decoding complexity in the number of users. Since the relay-receiver link has more transmission paths than the link from each user to the relay, a two-step protocol, called TDMA-ICRec, is proposed. In the first step, both users timeshare the user-relay link. Linear combining is then performed at the relay to maximize the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for each user. In the second step, the relay forwards both users' symbols concurrently to the receiver to enhance the transmission rate. At the receiver, an interference cancellation (IC) technique is used to decouple the users and ML decoding is conducted to recover each user's symbols. Two network scenarios are studied when the relay has two antennas and four antennas. Through analysis and simulation, when the receiver has more than two antennas, TDMA-ICRec achieves the same diversity as the full-TDMA-DSTC interference-free (int-free) scheme, yet with higher symbol rate.


We present the 2019 DAVIS Challenge on Video Object Segmentation, the third edition of the DAVIS Challenge series, a public competition designed for the task of Video Object Segmentation (VOS). In addition to the original semi-supervised track and the interactive track introduced in the previous edition, a new unsupervised multi-object track will be featured this year. In the newly introduced track, participants are asked to provide non-overlapping object proposals on each image, along with an identifier linking them between frames (i.e. video object proposals), without any test-time human supervision (no scribbles or masks provided on the test video). In order to do so, we have re-annotated the train and val sets of DAVIS 2017 in a concise way that facilitates the unsupervised track, and created new test-dev and test-challenge sets for the competition. Definitions, rules, and evaluation metrics for the unsupervised track are described in detail in this paper.


Mahalanobis D2 statistics was applied to assess the divergence among the 50 local collections and 4 popular cultivars of rabi
sorghum. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. The 54
genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters where, cluster I was largest containing 15 genotypes followed by cluster V with 10
genotypes, cluster IV with 9 genotypes. The inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster VII and VIII followed by
cluster III and VII and cluster V and VIII. Based on the inter cluster distance and the per se performance, the genotype RSV
1037 in the cluster VIII can be utilized in further breeding programme as a parent. Seed yield contributed maximum to
divergence (94.2%), plant height (3.49%) and days to 50% flowering (2.10%).


Over the past few years there has been an exponential growth in the number of reports describing the effects of nutritional modulation on aging and age-related diseases. Specific attention has been directed toward the beneficial effects afforded by dietary antioxidants, in particular those from fruit and vegetables, in ameliorating age-related deficits in brain performance. The rationale for studying the effects of dietary intervention stems from evidence implicating free radicals in aspects related to the aging process. Age-dependent neuropathology is a cumulative response to alterations induced by reactive oxygen species. Therefore cognitive aging, according to this hypothesis, should be slowed, and possibly even reversed, by appropriately increasing levels of antioxidants or decreasing overproduction of free radicals in the body. Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords—Flavonoids, Blood-brain barrier, Neuroprotection, Brain, Cognition, Aging, Free Radicals


In this paper we propose and develop the program for analysing the call failure in telecommunication network. Call failure analysis done through the SS7 signalling protocols. Presently there is no tool to analyse these protocols. Because everything is done manually with huge investment of time. To avoid this, a protocol is designed using NS2. The obtained text format of call failure is given to the protocol through which reason for call failure can be easily identified.


Total lactation milk yield peak yield and days to attain peak yield were recorded in Marathwadi buffalo to study the effect of season of calving and parity order and to know the relation between peak yield and lactational yield. The overall means for peak yield, days to attain peak yield and total milk yield were 5.32 ± 0.07 liters, 69.36 ± 0.28 days and 1121.52 ± 0.84 liters respectively. The season of calving had no effect on all the traits under study. Parity had significant (P<0.05) effect on peak yield and lactational yield. Peak yield had good correlation with total milk production (r = 0.448).


Opportunities and constraints are presented for the conceptual restoration of diked salt hay farms in Commercial Township to tidal marshes. The fundamental design philosophy was to restore physical processes at the site, which would result in a sustained and naturally functioning tidal marsh. The design criteria of channel morphology were based upon reference marsh data, historic conditions, and consideration of natural marshplain evolution. General assumptions and projections were made concerning anticipated patterns of site marshplain evolution, using a two dimensional hydrodynamic and cohesive sediment transport model. A comprehensive review of incremental changes in engineering design as implemented during the construction by the EEP is presented with associated justification. The role of the Adaptive Management process in site construction monitoring is reviewed with particular emphasis to the establishment of high marsh creation areas.


Summary

A novel 'field friendly' extraction procedure has been developed for the enzymatic colorimetric determination of cyanogenic potential (CNP) in fresh cassava root parenchyma. The novel procedure does not require electrical power or vacuum, and employs inexpensive lightweight equipment, making it suitable for remote field sites. Testing of the procedure involved ten fresh roots (24–80 mg kg−1 total CNP, as HCN, fresh basis). From the parenchyma of each root, one extract was made using the novel procedure, and a 'control' extract was made using a traditional laboratory-based procedure. Total CNP assay of the extracts indicated strong (y = mx) or very strong (y = mx + c) correlation of results obtained using the two procedures, while a very strong correlation (y = mx) was obtained for free HCN. Based on this preliminary evidence, the novel procedure is satisfactory at least for total CNP assay of fresh low-CNP cassava roots.


PURPOSE:To elevate the heat conductivity and to elevate the liquid leakage withstanding property of cooling pipes of a liquid-cooled electric rotary machine by a method wherein the cooling pipes are provided in the stator core, superiorly heat conductive corpuscles being coated with synthetic resin adhesives are filled up in the gaps between the core and the pipes and are made to be melt and to adhere by heatung. CONSTITUTION:Cooling holes are provided in a stator core 1 toward the direction of core lamination, and cooling pipes 5 are inserted. A superiorly heat conductive filler 4 consisting of superiorly heat conductive corpuscles 12 of aluminum oxide, etc., providing with coating layers 17 of synthetic resin adhesive is filled up in the gaps between the core 1 and the cooling pipes 5. Then the coating layers 17 of synthetic resin adhesive are molten by heating, and are adhered to the core 1 and the cooling pipes 5 forming synthetic resin layers 14. By this way, the heat conductivity from the core 1 to the cooling pipes 5 is elevated, and because the abrasive action of the metal porpuscles 12 can be prevented, so that the liquid leakage withstanding property of the cooling pipes is elevated, and the reliability can be enhanced.


In the last years, end-to-end neural networks were employed to enhance single-channel noisy speech. The Conv-Tasnet architecture is such a neural network and it has been successfully trained on the scale invariant signal-to-distortion ratio (SI-SDR) loss. However, we find that in a speech enhancement task Conv-Tasnet trained on the SI-SDR loss introduces distortions to the enhanced signal as the mismatch between training and testing data increases. To mitigate these effects, we investigate on a new loss function, that combines SI-SDR with a pretrained speaker verification (SV) model as a regularizer. As the SV model captures information about important characteristics of clean speech signals, we argue that the proposed regularization ensures that the estimated speech signal is speech-like even if there is an increasing mismatch between training and testing data. Accordingly, we observe considerable improvements in POLQA in mismatched training and testing conditions, e.g. when training on anechoic speech but testing on reverberant data.


The environment of insulating system in which making switch functions is air and atmospheric pressure. Air is applied as isolation and as extinguisher. Insulating system applying air is characterized by the lowest electric strength to breakdown. Despite the fact that insulating system applying air and atmospheric pressure is characterized by the lowest electric strength to breakdown from among other dielectrics which are applied in insulating systems, it has also some advantages.


The article deals with the major directions in the linguistics of the late XXth and early XXIst centuries, and the imteraction of linguaculturology with logic, philosophy, ethno linguistics and cognitive linguistics.


Abstract : Studies aimed at understanding the role of the interphase in providing a nonlinear response in oxide composites are described. Debonding and sliding of single crystal and eutectic oxide fibers coated with La-monazite caused intense plastic deformation of the LaPO4 at room temperature. Such plastic deformation mechanisms could be critical for preventing the development of very high stresses during constrained sliding of rough interfaces. A new class of machinable two-phase ceramics based on the debonding and deformation characteristics of rare-earth phosphates was demonstrated. Multilayered composites, consisting of various zirconia-based materials alternating with layers of LaPO4, were fabricated for studies of compatibility and debonding mechanisms.


It is argued that electronic variable speed drives (VSDs) are the preferred choice for industrial AC-motor speed control. Offering advantages over their mechanical counterparts, the VSDs can provide improved efficiency and flexibility, enhanced product quality, a higher degree of accuracy and computer compatibility. However, they are more sensitive to power line disturbances such as transients, harmonics, voltage variations and momentary interruptions. These concerns must be addressed at the time a VSD installation is designed and installed in order to avoid future problems with both the VSD and other plant electronic equipment.<<ETX>>


Fluent software was used to model air leakage at the goaf after injection of a three-phase foam.Air diffusion at three distances along the inclination direction were examined: from 10 to 20 m,from 50 to 100 m,and from 100 to 150 m.Three dip angles,0,10,and 30 degrees,were considered at the respective oxidation zone widths of 10 to 20 m,10 to 15 m,and 5 to 10 m.The simulations show that air leakage in the goaf can be significantly reduced.The three-phase foam has an obvious effect in preventing,and controlling,the spontaneous combustion of the coal.Three phase foam was applied to the goaf of the 1606,fully mechanized,caving face in the Xinji number 2 coal mine.The oxidation zone width was narrowed from a distance of 60 meters to 15 meters.The volume of air leakage was simultaneously decreased from about 200 to 25 m3/min.The simulations agree with the field observations.


For the development of the perovskite formation process, it is necessary to explore the principle of fabricating the photosensitive layer. Herein, a novel perspective on the physical properties of anti‐solvents is proposed, which is related to perovskite crystallization. Specifically, we focus on aromatic solvents with different functional groups as anti‐solvents (methylbenzene (MB) and chlorobenzene (CB)). This is because the precursor solubility depends on the interactions with each solvent, which is closely observed via FT‐IR. In this context, the interfacial affinity of thin perovskite layer induced uniform morphology of electron transport layer (ETL). This phenomenon is characterized by FE‐SEM, AFM, and XRD in detail. Based on these data, CB‐treated perovskite photodetector exhibits superior detectivity and fast response speed owing to better interfacial affinity between perovskite and ETL. Also, improved charge dynamic behavior (dark current and impedance analysis) was observed in CB‐treated condition. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the selection of anti‐solvent is important to optimize morphological affinity between perovskite and interlayer in fabricating thin photosensitive layer, which contributes to realization of fast and highly sensitive photodetector.


A potassium (K) channel that was inhibited by physiological (f1M) concen trations of intracellular ATP ([ATP]i) and that opened as [ATP]i decreased was first described in the heart ( l). Subsequently, similar K -channels all with unitary conductances in the range of 40-80 pS (measured under symmetrical high K+ conditions) were also found to exist in insulin-secreting cells and in skeletal muscle (2_5).1 Such channels constitute what are classically described as ATP-sensitive K-channels and were termed Type 1 by Ashcroft & Ashcroft (6). In this review they are designated KATP and the current flowing through them is defined as IK(ATP) . Type 1 KATP channels are essentially calciumand voltage-independent, K+ -selective, and are half-maximally inhibited by [ATP]i in the range 10-100 fJ.M. They exhibit inward rectification and a key pharmacological feature is their inhibition by agents like tolbutamide and glyburide . Other ATP-sensitive K-channels exist and these were designated Types 2, 3, 4, and 5 (6). Such channels vary not only in their sensitivity to calcium and to the inhibitory effects of [ATP]i, but also in their selectivity for potassium and their susceptibility to pharmacological modulation.


same time we must recognize that the professionals have in most countries moved increasingly to stricter standards and are not, except in a very few cases, the villains they are sometimes painted." This is a simple book, a real book, and a good book. It is simple because everything follows logically from the author's premises; readers will not find a whole gamut of possible opinions and attitudes, but that doesn't mean it is superficial. It is real, because the


Chapter 4 turns to the reasons why people may hide their political beliefs by looking at the reasons for CWG's secrecy. This chapter addresses the sociological components of fear—including power and social and economic interdependence—that were at play in the women's decision to keep their politics a secret. It outlines three types of fear in response to partisan hostility: social, economic, and physical. It recounts the women's stories of actual retaliation within these categories, as well as the role of personal narrative in fueling fear and building camaraderie. This chapter provides evidence that intensifying polarization has made political identity a source of not only social persecution, but of economic and physical persecution as well.


Aim: The leaves of the plant Tecomaria capensis were extracted with different solvents and screened for anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: The ethyl acetate extract of the plant T. capensis has showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by carrageenan-induced method (in vivo) for isolated compounds from ethyl acetate extract of T. capensis leaves. Results and Discussion: The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the 3, 4 dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-2H-benzochromene-5,6 dione and (3R)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol was concentration dependent. While in in vivo, the percentage reduction in the paw volume calculated at 3rd h for 3,4 dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-2H-benzochromene-5,6 dione was 54.5%, (3R)-3, 7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol was 77.3%, and standard diclofenac was 79.6%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that isolated compounds of ethyl acetate extract of T. capensis have significant anti-inflammatory activities.


The P22/P91 dissimilar weld increasingly used in supercritical power plan boilers calls for experimental investigations on its properties for enhanced performance in high-temperature service conditions. This study investigates the weld joint between P22/P91 steel using tungsten inert gas process employing a P22 matching filler metal. The fabricated weld has been characterized for mechanical properties of tensile strength and microhardness. The microstructural examination has been carried out in the weld region, transition zones, and base metals. The weld was exposed to a temperature of 700 °C in the environment of molten salt (50% Na2SO4 + 50% NaCl) to quantify the effect of high-temperature corrosion at its sight of application. Furthermore, the welds were also shot-peened and its effect on corrosion properties has been examined. The corroded specimens were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope to analyze the oxide scale produced upon exposure to high temperature in a controlled environment. The P22 base metal was found to oxidize more severely as compared to the weld fusion zone. Shot peening improves the corrosion resistance of weld by 7.56%. The results of this study comprehensively cover multiple aspects of weld integrity as per the service conditions, with its results having significant application in the power plant industry.


Using a coupling technique, rates of convergence in total variation of certain k -dimensional diffusion processes to the stationary distribution are obtained. The results place assumptions only on the coefficients of the elliptic differential operator governing the diffusion.


Based on research and visitation,by using document data catching parameters and data di- versified for investigation integrant,the factors deciding the distance of javelin flight was drawn. Some important factors were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods.That will enable the coaches and throwers to understand the effects of those factors on training results and the relations between the factors so as to play a guiding role in Javelin-throw training.


A 63‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) undersensing, caused by decreased R‐wave amplitude in a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator. The R‐wave amplitude of VT sensed by the left ventricular (LV) lead was markedly higher than that by the right ventricular (RV) lead; therefore, we reconnected the IS‐1 RV lead to the LV IS‐1 port and the IS‐1 LV lead to the RV IS‐1 port to resolve this issue. After discharge, it was confirmed that VT was successfully terminated by the second sequence of intrinsic ATP (iATP, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) from the LV lead.


Space presents realistic opportunities for US-Russian cooperation. But how can the two countries cooperate while also protecting their own national interests? Can the US afford to go it alone in space? What will be the long-term effect of the commercialization of space? Faced with ever declining space-technology budgets, Russia needs international cooperation if its space industry is to survive. At the same time, the US has shifted its interests away from cooperation and toward the military aspects of space. Further, the author says, the US has been inclined to solve problems unilaterally. But the author contends that the US is critically dependent on Russian launchers and that both countries would benefit from mutual efforts and expertise. Potential areas for joint work include ballistic-missile defense, protecting space-based systems, and data exchange on space objects. All of the foregoing, the author notes, would support national and international security.


Swiss Roll Combustor of 1 W capacity for micro gas turbine engine is operated with premixed hydrogen air mixture at ultra-lean equivalence ratio. The reaction zone under consideration has volume of 60 mm3. The reactant passage and product passage are coiled around the reaction zone facilitating the recovery of heat loss, by preheating the reactants. The reactants are entered through an increasing cross-sectional area passage from 0.6mm × 5mm inlet to 1.5mm × 5mm outlet, thereby reducing the velocity levels in the reactant passage, facilitating stable combustor operation. The combustor performance parameters, temperature levels, pattern factor and emissions are measured is operated at ultra-lean equivalence ratio of 0.12 to lean equivalence ratio of 0.43, for premixed hydrogen air combustion. The results are compared at similar (not same) equivalence ratios for constant area reactant passage. The visual inspection shows stable flame front in the combustion zone for variable area passage and extended flame front in the constant area passage combustor. However, the combustor performance deteriorates drastically above equivalence ratio of 0.43, leading to hot spots generation on walls.


The design process of a structure-embedded cantilevered harvester has been carried out to assess the power that can be harvested to extend the endurance of fixed-wing MAVs. The study has been carried out using a code based on an electro-mechanical model coupling the mechanics equations and piezoelectric effect. The harvester is a bi-morph symmetrical bea m including two piezoelectric layers and a central structural layer. A mass is added at the tip to inc rease the potential under a base excitation at the root of the beam. A detailed analysis of the excitations an d frequencies over a MAV shaped model from previous studies was performed to size the harvester at its optimal proportions. The results show the primary target set for the harvester cannot be achieved in fixed-wing MAVs with the present technology because of the low power outputs and the loss of flight time d ue to the mass addition. The evaluation of a possib le multifunctional use of the harvester show that even though the endurance cannot be increased, extra electronics could be added to improve the features of an aerial vehicle powered by piezoelectric harvesters.


We discuss rank one perturbations A = A + (';)'; 2 R; A 0 self-adjoint. Let dd (x) be the spectral measure deened by ('; (A ?z) ?1 ') = R dd (x)=(x ?z). We prove there is a measure dd 1 which is the weak limit of (1 + 2) dd (x) as ! 1. If ' is cyclic for A, then A 1 , the strong resolvent limit of A , is unitarily equivalent to multiplication by x on L 2 (R; dd 1). This generalizes results known for boundary condition dependence of Sturm-Liouville operators on half-lines to the abstract rank one case. x1. Introduction This paper is a contribution to the theory of rank one perturbations which in its natural format involves a self-adjoint operator, A 0 in a complex separable Hilbert space H, and a vector, ' 2 H ?1 (A), with H s (A) the scale of spaces associated to A. Then q ' (;) = (; ')(';) deenes a quadratic form on H +1 (A) with q ' a form-bounded perturbation of A with relative bound zero. Accordingly, A A+(';)'; 2 R deenes a self-adjoint operator with H s (A) = H s (A) for jsj 1. We will suppose that ' is cyclic for A in which case it is easy to see that ' is also cyclic for each A. If dd is the spectral measure for ' associated to A , then A is unitarily equivalent to multiplication by x on L 2 (R; dd). Deene


And his leadership ability was exceptional. In 1797 he talked a ship's company out of mutiny by promising to deal with any abuse of authority by their captain; in 1798 at the battle of the Nile he won the most complete victory in the age of sail largely because he had taken his captains into his confidence and trusted them to exercise their tactical and fighting skills. The winning combination was an openness to his subordinates, an overwhelming dedication to his job, and exemplary courage; Nelson always led from the front. His Trafalgar tactics may well be judged to have been nearly suicidal, yet his leadership and that of Admiral Collingwood, transformed them. Captain Henry Blackwood, when onboard HMS Victory during the approach, tried to persuade Nelson to move his flag into a frigate where he could control the battle without himself being at risk. Nelson refused, giving "as his reason the force of example." And, added Blackwood, "probably he was right." In his opinion, Nelson and Collingwood, by their leadership, "were literally in themselves a host." All books are inevitably compromises. The text is not as long as it first appears, because nearly one-third of the 874 pages are devoted to appendices, including a chronology of Nelson's life, another general chronology, and most interesting, sixty pages of biographical sketches of people with whom Nelson had business or personal relationships. There are also twenty-nine pages of bibliography. Knight is no dwarf himself, but he is firmly seated on the shoulders of giants. Where Knight's book is limited, such as in its technical descriptions of Nelson's battles, readers will find from his notes and bibliography where to go for the more detailed answers they want. The appendices do have an unfortunate effect of making the book heavy to hold, but its high quality production makes it easy and pleasant to read.


All circuit analyses that are required by special method are confined to a simplified neutral ladder circuit on the Multi-Grounded Neutra](MGN) system during operation. This paper proposes calculation method for total impedance of MGN including individual ground rod's resistance. For verifying a proposed method, Real field test is carried out in KEPCO PT Center. The total impedance variation range is 2.8~1.9[%] in comparing calculation with measurement.


Salespeople's perceptions of a program of sales contests offered by several organizations over time are empirically assessed, and related to both sales performance and job satisfaction. The results suggest variability in attitudes toward contest benefits, goals, rewards, budget, themes, timing and frequency, and outcomes. Conclusions and managerial implications are discussed. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Direct Selling Education Foundation in this project. Special thanks to Marlene Futterman.


Abstract : The Centre d'Electronique del'Armement (CELAR), located near Rennes, Ille et Vilaine (FRANCE) has created a new computer program to evaluate the radioelectric wave propagation loss around the earth in the frequency range of 30 - 40 MHz up to 10 - 12 Ghz The name of this program is CARDIF.


There has been considerable interest in the associations between elevated homocysteine levels on the one hand and cognitive impairment and dementia on the other. Some, but not all, observational studies have found a positive association between elevated homocysteine levels and impaired cognitive function ( J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53:381) or dementia (Journal Watch Neurology Apr 12 2002).

To test whether supplementation with …


GUMF (Global UserManagement Framework) thatisproposed inthis research canbeapplied tonextgeneration network suchasBcN(Broadband convergence Network), itisQoSguaranteed security framework foruser that cansolve present Internet's security vulnerability. GUMF offers anonymity foruserofservice andusetheuser's real-name orIDformanagement of service anditistechnology that canrealize secure QoS.GUMF needs management framework, UMS (User Management System), VNC (Virtual Network Controller) etc. UMS consists ofrootUMS incountry dimension andLocal UMS ineachsite dimension. VNC isnetwork security equipment including VPN,QoSandsecurity functions etc., anditachieves theQoSS(Quality ofSecurity Service) andCLS(Communication Level Switching) functions. GUMF canoffer safety inbandwidth consumption attacks suchas wormpropagation andDoS/DDoS, IPspoofing attack, andcurrent mostattack suchasabusing ofprivate information because it canoffer thedifferent QoSguaranteed network according touser's grades. User's grades aredivided by4levels fromLevel 0to Level3,anduser's security service level isdecided according tolevel oftheprivate information. Level3users thatoffer bio-information canreceive secure network service that privacy isguaranteed. Therefore, GUMF that isproposed inthis research canoffer profit modeltoISPandNSP,andcanbeutilized bystrategy forsecure u-Korea realization. Nextgeneration network maybecomeBcN (Broadband Thisresearch proposes nextgeneration network security convergence Network) that wire/wireless communication and framework ofGUMF (Global UserManagement Framework) network, Internet isamalgamated. BcNisanetwork that can thatcananalyze problem about user's anonymity ofpresent usevarious QoSguaranteed broadband multimedia services by Internet andsolve this. We studies thelimitation ofpacket single mobile device. Present security framework cannotkeep modecommunication waythat guarantee existent anonymity awaybeing killed byspread ofcyber threats andgrowth of coderingcthescuiy


Misirlou 1 is widely recognized as an icon of surf rock, a category that, together with surf pop, constitutes the surf music genre that emerged in 1961. Surf music reflected and gave expression to the rather short-lived idealistic and carefree existence of 'white' urban youth culture in Southern California before the social and political changes of the psychedelic, conscience-ridden counterculture era took hold. However, while Misirlou is an iconic example of a specific musical age and genre, it is also found in other ages and cultural traditions. It has been described as a Lebanese belly-dance melody, a popular Greek song, an Arabian serenade, a 'Terkisher' (Turkish piece) in Klezmer repertoire, and is now known to many as the theme from the film Pulp Fiction. In each case, the style and language of lyric (when there is one) adjusts to milieu, but the melody is always recognizably the same. The journey of Misirlou from folk music to the global surf rock idiom of the 1960s is in itself a narrative worth recounting, but the fact that this singular piece of music simultaneously inhabits more than one musical tradition also provides a springboard for exploring broader claims of musical identity.


Tsitsopoulos PP, Tobieson L, Enblad P, Marklund N. Clinical outcome following surgical treatment for bilateral cerebellar infarction.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 345–351.
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


This paper proposes a new class of near-lossless (NL) coding, which enables to estimate the ℓ∞ bound specified in the first coding. This estimation is needed when a new ℓ∞ bound is specified again in the second coding. However, so far, the conventional studies on NL coding have not taken account of this issue for re-encoding, but they have focused on the coding efficiency of the first coding and computational cost. In the proposed NL algorithm, a new spatial quantization, referred to as zero-skip quantization, is designed not only to estimate the ℓ∞ bound, but also to utilize histogram sparsity for improving the coding efficiency. Some experimental evaluations are demonstrated against the JPEG-LS standard, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed one.


Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses pain and/or dysfunction of the masticatory musculature and TM joints (TMJs). Its most important feature is pain, followed by limited jaw movement, and joint sounds. When it progresses to a chronic condition, the symptoms are extremely difficult to manage, often requiring multiple interventions. Case presentation: Our patient, a woman in her 50s, developed TMD after a traffic accident that occurred 30 years previously. The patient presented with severe trismus due to TMJ pain (maximum mouth opening was 20 mm). She was scheduled to undergo extraction of a right lower molar and three upper anterior teeth owing to progressing caries. However, it was anticipated that the treatment would be difficult since the patient could not open her mouth adequately. Therefore, we considered relieving the trismus to facilitate dental treatment. Based on the findings, the cause of the TMD was considered to be pain in the masticatory muscles during mouth opening. Ultrasound-guided inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) was performed on both sides using ropivacaine. Three minutes after the IANB, the pain during mouth opening disappeared and the maximum mouth opening improved to 40 mm. Dental treatment could be performed without difficulty, and the patient could maintain the mouth open throughout the treatment.Conclusions: Treatment methods for chronic TMD are limited and it is necessary to consider the exact aetiology before deciding upon a treatment option. In our case, ultrasound-guided IANB proved to be an effective modality for relieving TMD-related trismus.


Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) can reduce the risk of vision loss. There are five stages of DR consisting of no DR, mild DR, moderate DR, severe DR, and proliferate DR. This paper presents a multitask deep learning model to detect all the five stages of DR more accurately than existing methods. The developed multitask model consists of one classification model and one regression model, each with its own loss function. After training the regression model and the classification model separately, the features extracted by these two models are concatenated and inputted to a multilayer perceptron network to classify the five stages of DR. A modified Squeeze Excitation Densely Connected deep neural network is also developed as part of this multitasking approach. The developed multitask model is applied to the two large Kaggle datasets of APTOS and EyePACS. The results obtained indicate that the developed multitask model achieved a weighted Kappa score of 0.90 and 0.88 for the APTOS and EyePACS datasets, respectively. In addition, the micro and macro average area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was found to be 0.96, and 0.93, respectively, which are higher than existing methods for detecting the five stages of DR.


The distribution of zeros of the grand partition function for a gas obeying van der Waals' equation of state (together with Maxwell's rule) is studied. For infinite temperature the zero distribution is located on part of the negative real axis, but with decreasing temperatures the distribution branches off the real axis circumventing the origin on both sides. Below the critical temperature the distribution form a closed curve around the origin with a diameter decreased exponentially to zero as T yields O. An additional tail of the distribution remains on the negative real axis at all temperatures, but with a density of zeros going linearly to zero with T yields O. (auth)


chronology of adventure in the sectors of these seven towns, and with all this variety the macro-analyst will probably do better to study the cautious conclusions of pp. 295-303 than to pick up random instances from earlier pages to support trade or building-cycle theory. There are some signs that Mr Chalklin has a sense of guilt for not bringing back the Holy Grail that eluded Parry Lewis, but it is no use the tenants being impatient while we, the bricklayers, are still at work. A few quibbles: demand for housing is treated too much in terms of the measurable demographic quantities (births, deaths, marriages), with immigration and changes in real income too little considered; there is no comment on contemporary attitudes to the novelty of urban sprawl did no one see new Bath as high-rise, monotonous, uniform blocks of building raping Albion's green and pleasant fields on the sides of the Avon valley? (Blake was a Georgian poet). There are some signs of haste: on p. 11 inserted numbers have not been provided at proof stage, and there are too many instances of printer's spaces not knocked down. Pages 76-7 have a nice eclecticism in St James's, St James and St James' for the same place, and Queen's Square in map 5 is Queen Square in the text. More irritating is the indexer's decision to put street names alphabetically in the main index rather than under their town: as a result, one cannot find which streets in a town are treated except by reading the whole index, a fate usually reserved for reviewers. In the final pages Mr Chalklin sets the Georgian streets in their long-term context: the better houses with a chance of survival as our central professional districts sheltering surgeons, accountants, lawyers or academic departments; the lesser houses generally razed. There was another role for the latter, 120 years before they succumbed to developers: many Georgian houses in the artisan streets were the homes of the cholera as William succeeded George. Maurice Beresford College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia


Belgian coastal area is one of the densest areas in the world, facing strom surge risks due to the climate change. However, the current coastal defence system in Belgium is engineering-based defence line, blocking the dynamic relation between sea and urban, causing larger risks in the future. On the other hand, Nature-based solutions are hard to apply to the high-density urban area due to the limited space and time scope. This project aims to create a more adapted nature-based coastal defence system in city centre of Ostend (the densest city along Belgian coast- line). The main idea is not only focusing on reducing the probability of the risks, but also considering the impacts, which means not putting the whole defence responsibility to the coastline, the nearshore area can help for the mit- igation and the city itself can also be more resilient by multilayer buffering system. The different interventions on three sides are also linked to each other to enlarge the beneficial scope. By doing so, the sea side, the coast and the urban can work together to create a new coastal defence system, rebuilding the dynamic relation between land and sea, reducing the risks, as well as benefiting nature restoration, public life, urban social and spatial resiliency.


It is over forty years since Merleau-Ponty published his first major work, Le structure de comportement ('The Structure of Behaviour') (1942) and a quarter of a century since he died. He belongs, therefore, with Sartre and Marcel, to the first post-War generation of French philosophers. Like his friend Sartre's, his philosophy may be regarded as dated, passé, of no interest or relevance to truly contemporary thought. In philosophical terms forty years are nothing; in terms of trends, fashions and novelties they are an eternity. But perhaps the work of Merleau-Ponty has not dated because it was never in vogue. He did not write plays and novels, or take part in political demonstrations, though he was involved in politics, or win a Nobel prize and refuse to receive it. He was very much a philosopher's philosopher, eminent in his field, well known in academic circles in France but hardly a household name. In this country he is hardly known even in philosophical circles, except by name. More is the pity, since his philosophical approach and manner of philosophizing have much in common with certain modes of British philosophizing, as I hope to show.


The invention discloses an information search method and device. The information search method comprises the steps of receiving input information and displaying query information matched with the input information according to the input information; monitoring a current mobile terminal, selecting corresponding query information, writing the selected query information into a search box and sending a search request if it is monitored that the current mobile terminal executes a preset action. By means of the information search method and device, the query information matched with the input information is displayed according to the input information, the current mobile terminal is monitored, and the corresponding query information is selected, the selected query information is written into the search box and the search request is sent if it is monitored that the current mobile terminal executes a preset action, the query information required by a user can be quickly and conveniently selected, operation cost is reduced, and the search experience of the user is improved.


Tensions between police organizations and (community) stakeholders have taken center stage in recent years, with an escalation in protests and divisive rhetoric observed in many countries. Using attribution theory, this study examines how police officers interpret negative stakeholder feedback and how these interpretations shape their behavioral responses. Qualitative analysis based on 148 interviews with European police officers shows that officers make six different attributions about the causes of stakeholder critique, and that these have direct implications for their behavioral responses. In particular, these different attribution patterns are found to play a critical and hitherto unrecognized role in shaping police‐stakeholder relations and organizational learning among police forces.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The study of dynamic constrained centrifugal force on system propulsion is to determine the exis-tence of real centripetal force impulse action according to the change of momentum generated in the circular motion of the system. According to Newton's third law, it is certain that objects in circular motion must react with centrifugal force on objects acting on centripetal force. The dynamic constrained centrifugal force promotes the periodic linear motion of the system, and the charac-teristics of propulsion force, velocity and periodic displacement of the system are analyzed. It is helpful to deepen the understanding of the propulsion effect of dynamic constrained centrifugal force on the system, and to expand the application space of centrifugal force propulsion technolo-gy, which can be used for spacecraft attitude control, orbit transfer and underwater exploration of hydraulic engineering propulsion technology.


Objectives of the present program include the synthesis, structural characterization and properties, of cellulose-based water-soluble graft copolymers and other copolymers capable of effectively enhancing the viscosity of their aqueous solutions. In support of this program we plan the synthesis of a number of water-soluble well defined block- or star block colopymers capable of effectively viscosifying their solutions through reversible crosslinking. In order to understand the effects on the rheology of branching or cyclization in the above systems, we also plan the synthesis of water-soluble cyclic- and star polymers.


Drinking water pipes made of copper could cause a contamination of water. Corrosion tests using the DIN 50931-1 test program will be realized to investigate the impact of operational and different water conditions on copper by-product release in drinking water supplies. DIN 50931-1 describes a standardized program to check the change of drinking water by corrosion products considering real conditions. The kinetic model offers a description of all corrosion test results using DIN 50931-1. It allows to calculate the change of copper- and oxygen concentration with time during the stagnation approximately. The prediction of corrosivity in drinking water supplies, depending on water conditions, stagnation and running times, could be realized.


Poverty and high dependency of rural and mountainous households on the natural resources of Nepal have made the country more vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, there is inadequacy of adaptation services provided to the vulnerable households and ecosystems. Responding to climate change necessitates amore consolidated effort and effective implementation interventions from both the government and non-government actors. To help achieve this very essence, this study has aimed to- (i) review the existing climate change adaptation (CCA) practices, processes and patterns of sustainable resource mobilization and benefit sharing, and (ii) develop a framework that ensures sustainability of resources and equitable sharing of services and benefits accrued from CCA. Consultations with the communities, key state and non-state stakeholders both at federal and provincial levels, reviews of national policies, strategies, periodic plans and programs and field visits were carried out to synthesize the information, document the knowledge, and highlight the gaps pertaining to CCA. Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was executed for analyzing qualitative information. Recently, the Government of Nepal has developed a priority framework on sustainable resource management and delivery of adaptation services. In line with the eight themes identified by the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP, 2019), the proposed framework has paid central attention on medium and long-term adaptation planning adhered with Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Community-based Adaptation (CbA). Building resilience, reducing vulnerability, increasing capacities, enabling environment, and integrating CCA in development planning have been the focus of the framework. It is found that the delivery of adaptation services to the climate vulnerable groups and poor communities is well reached out through CbA and EbA approaches. It is therefore, crucial in strengthening community- and locally-based mechanisms (such as forest-user groups, farmers groups, agricultural and fisheries cooperatives, and community networks) for sustainable management and delivery of services to facilitate effective adaptation.


This paper deals with the problem of whether diversity of beliefs or consensus leads to a higher level of R and D spending in an industry, or a faster rate of technical progress, or a lower price for the industry's product. The answer depends upon characteristics of the demand function for industry output as well as the density functions reflecting probability beliefs of firm managers. Sufficient conditions are given for consensus (diversity) to ''pay'' in terms of R and D spending and/or the rate of technological progress, and R and D spending under market incentives is contrasted with an "optimal" level of R and D expenditures. The analysis is illustrated in more detail for the case of exponential density functions.


1Department of Urban Planing, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran 2PhD Student, Department of Architecture, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran 3PhD student, Department of Architecture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran Abstract: Over different ages and eras, Iranian traditional architecture with its old rich possessions has tried to create and make an optimal and perfect environment to live in. One of the most important and tangible issue in Iranian traditional architecture is to pay proper attention and awareness of climate conditions and human comfort in the environment and to make an effort to use climate elements and consider climatic designing to construct Iranian traditional houses. Iranian architects have attempted to create an optimal environment with proportion of intercalary direction and control dimensions and mass ratio and physical ratio of buildings in order to control climate conditions and even use climate elements appropriately. In this paper that is a descriptive article and has collected information by library and field methods has attempted to have a typological study on the physical structure and dimensions and sizes of traditional houses by Dezful climate conditions taken into consideration, and it will discuss some questions: what are the structural parameters considered by the Iranian architects when designing the mentioned houses according to climate conditions? Do the structural elements and also ratios and dimensions of houses in Dezful could be effective on creating a physical optimal condition? And finally, how could the given parameters affect creation of an optimal environment (positively/negatively)? Consequently, the following results have been obtained: Some of the effective climate parameters on houses in Dezful have been identified and studied. The basic effective structural elements on climatic designing of traditional houses in Dezful play an important role in creating physical spaces of traditional houses in Dezful along with high positive effects. Dezful houses possess many climate conditions and considering such conditions have made it possible for people to live in such survival and living conditions in the city.


Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.(firstname.lastname@example.com) TION Modern technologies require innovative approaches for controlled fabrication of crystalline materials with complex forms and novel properties [1-4]. Biomineralization is a widespread phenomenon among living systems (e.g., egg and mollusk shells, crustacean carapaces, echinoderm exoskeleton and spines, sponge spicules, pearls, corals, bones, and teeth) [5-7], which leads to the formation of precisely controlled inorganic-organic composites, where the minute extracellular matrix component exerts substantial control on the mineralization process, resulting in the formation of particles of uniform size, novel crystal morphology, specific crystallographic orientation, and interesting properties [5-11]. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the fabrication of such highly ordered biocomposite ceramics may provide procedures for the synthesis of novel high-performance composite materials.Therefore, biomimetic design for the production of advanced composites has been explored [12-16]


Learmonth (1931) has also demonstrated that stimulation of the presacral nerve causes a similar action, the contraction being often preceded by an efflux of urine. Hurst (1931) claimed that progressive degeneration of the ganglion cells of Auerbach's plexus is responsible for cardiospasm and suggests that a similar degeneration of the ganglion cells in the adventitia of the ureter may be responsible for this neuromuscular imbalance. I n support of this view may be quoted the case of bilateral megalo-ureter reported by Kretschmer and Hibbs (1933) following post-diphtheritic paralysis, and also the case of megalo-ureter associated with spina bifida reported by Campbell (1938). Furthermore, there is the beneficial effect of presacral neurectomy in relieving the condition, an operation first suggested by Learmonth (1931)~ and the successful case reports by Ogier Ward (1933) and Berkman (1933). Symptoms.-The symptoms are those of chronic urosepsis not responding to treatment. Pain may be present along the course of the ureter or in the kidney of the affected side. There were no symptoms in a case reported by Ockerblad (quoted by Hinman, 1935) ; and in the first patient here recorded no symptoms appeared until pregnancy developed, and in the second case a search for the cause of the hypertension revealed the existence of megalo-ureter. Campbell (1938) makes an interesting observation that one child in four suffering from chronic urosepsis has dilatation of one or both ureters ; and in a series of post-mortems on children with megalo-ureter reported by Kretschmer and Hibbs (1933) in only 4 was the urinary pathology suspected before death. Diagnosis.-The diagnosis is made by retrograde pyelography. The intravenous pyelogram may not be conclusive owing to poor secretion of the dye and the normal ureteric orifice on cystoscopy may be misleading. Treatment.-The various methods employed for treating the condition are as follows : dilatation, meatotomy, plastic operation on the ureteric orifice, presacral neurectomy, and nephro-ureterectomy. Dilatation was employed by Berkman with a certain amount of relief of symptoms, but eventually neurectomy became necessary. Meatotomy was successful in Caulk's case, but it had to be performed at least three times and the ureter never returned to a normal size but still remained very dilated. Stretching of the orifice and sewing the mucous membrane of the ureter to that of the bladder was done by Thomson-Walker on Hurst's patient : the result was clinically very good, but no follow-up pyelogram was taken to estimate the ureteric condition. Learmonth (1933) suggested neurectomy and he advised dividing the nerves close to their entrance into the hypogastric ganglion, and by so doing only the lower end of the ureter was interfered with. Ogier Ward's case was very satisfactory, but the patient, a male, became sterile. There is no mention if Berkman's patient became sterile or not. Obviously nephro-ureterectomy is the operation of choice if the kidney is not worth saving. I can find no reference in the literature to reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder, an operation which appears to be worth doing if the kidney is healthy and if the patient is a male. By this operation also, extreme degrees of dilatation would probably subside more readily than after a presacral neurectomy.


The strain superposition concept, proposed for ballast study, is applied in this note to evaluate strain accumulation for laterally loaded piles in sand. It is shown that the soil properties, types of pile installation, cyclic loading types, pile embedded length, and pile/soil relative stiffness ratio are important factors that influence the pile behavior under mixed lateral loads. These factors are quantified by means of a degradation factor, t, which is derived from the results of 20 full-scale pile load tests and then verified using six additional full-scale pile load tests.


Current guidelines from the International Society of Heart and Lung (ISHLT1) indicate that treatment with evidence-based heart failure (HF) medical therapies for HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) may also be beneficial in patients with durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). However, these recommendations were published before the "Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure" (PARADIGM-HF) trial which demonstrated that among stable patients with symptomatic HFrEF, treatment with the neprilysin–angiotensin receptor inhibitor sacubitril/ valsartan, versus placebo, was associated with a 20% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization.2 HF medical therapy may improve the likelihood of myocardial recovery3,4 and optimize hemodynamic parameters in patients with LVADs. Neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan increases the levels of vasoactive peptides, thereby counteracting the neurohormonal activation in patients with HF.2 Sacubatril/valsartan results in increases in brain natriuretic peptide levels, but not N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. Clinicians should use NT-proBNP in clinical settings where patients are using sacubitril/valsartan. Given these potential benefits, the clinical practice at Stanford University has been to consider sacubitril/valsartan as a potential antihypertensive therapy among patients with LVADs. However, to date, there is no prospective evidence supporting the use of sacubitril/valsartan for patients with durable LVADs. Furthermore, there is limited evidence of the tolerability of sacubitril/valsartan among these patients. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a retrospective chart review of patients at Stanford University Hospital with LVADs who had been prescribed sacubitril/valsartan. We aimed to evaluate the safety of administration of sacubitril/ valsartan among patients with LVADs. Our primary outcomes were short-term (1 month) and long-term (to end of follow-up) tolerability of sacubitril/valsartan. Tolerability was defined as absence of drug discontinuation because of symptomatic postural dizziness or postural hypotension (defined as a drop in mean arterial pressure [MAP] going from supine/sitting to standing of ≥ 20 mm Hg), acute kidney injury (AKI; defined as a rise in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dl from baseline), or hyperkalemia (K ≥ 5.5 mmol/L at any time). Patients selected for this analysis received at least two doses of sacubitril/valsartan. From July 2015 to December 2017, we identified five patients who met our study criteria (Table 1). No patient was taking sacubitril/valsartan before LVAD implantation. The cohort consisted predominantly of men (%), with a mean age of 67 years (standard deviation [SD], 6.9) and the mean time from LVAD implantation to sacubitril/valsartan initiation was 849 days (SD, 740). The median time on therapy was 166 days (interquartile range, 76–386 days). The median MAP at baseline was 94 mm Hg (interquartile range, 86–100). All patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy. As per discretion of the treating physician, the primary clinical indication to initiate sacubitril/valsartan was for resistant hypertension (MAP ≥ 90 mm Hg) unresponsive (uncontrolled with) three or more antihypertensive medications. In our institution, Doppler pressure is the preferred method of obtaining MAP. All Tolerability of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Patients With Durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices


We show that the blow-up of $\mathbf{P}^2$ in $n$ points on a line has finitely generated Cox ring. We give explicit generators for the ring and calculate its defining ideal of relations.


Abstract The growing scholarship about qualitative inquiry means it has become an umbrella term for a diverse range of studies with differing theoretical underpinnings and methods. Nevertheless qualitative studies share a common purpose of representing or interpreting complex and situated social processes and experiences and continue to be the most common type of manuscript published by Australian Social Work. Telling a clear and concise story in a 6,000 word journal article about the what, how, and why aspects of the social world requires well-honed writing skills and good judgment about what must be included and what can be left out. This paper provides guidance to preparation of qualitative manuscripts drawing on the authors' experience as an academic author and past editor of Australian Social Work.


In conventional envelope modulators, a linear regulator is required to attain fast tracking, but it is a significant source of efficiency degradation. To eliminate the linear regulator, a dual-phase switching converter with synchronized adaptive voltage tracking (SAVT) control is employed. The SAVT control enables synchronization and fast hysteretic response for voltage tracking. To overcome the switching converter slew rate limit, a push-pull slew rate enhancer is implemented. The modulator is fabricated with a 0.18μm process and achieves 85.8% peak efficiency tracking a 10MHz LTE envelope.


—In this paper, we present early work on the foundation of a program analysis framework for the Go programming language. This framework, named Go AiR (Analysis in Rascal), currently provides support for extracting abstract syntax trees from Go source code, working with multiple Go projects and multiple versions of a single Go project (based on Git version history), and code exploration through the use of Rascal features for working with representations of source code. We discuss the structure of the framework, describe the mapping from Go to Rascal and how this was tested, present sample code showing how the framework can be used to explore Go source code, and discuss future extensions to the framework to support program analysis and verification.


We investigated the reaction of (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene (cis-stilbene) with various brominating reagents and solvents following directions in standard organic chemistry manuals. We were particularly interested in learning which combination of brominating reagent and solvent gave the best yield of (d,l)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane without the formation of significant amounts of meso-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, which is essentially the sole product from the reaction of bromine with (E)-1,2-diphenylethene (trans-stilbene). Based on the results from the standard preparatory methods, some permutations of solvent and brominating reagent were tried. Using pyridinium bromide perbromide in either glacial acetic acid or dichloromethane gave high (about 80%) yields of the d,l product from (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene. Bromine in glacial acetic acid gave 66% of the d,l product and 20% of the meso product from (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene. However, bromine in dichloromethane gave about equal amounts of the two dibromo produ...


128 elementary school boys participated in an experiment designed to investigate the effects of the magnitude of victim's pain cues, the subject's characteristic level of aggressiveness, and level of prior anger arousal on aggressive behavior. It was hypothesized that an important characteristic of the aggressive child, when angered, is that he is motivated to perceive signs of suffering in his victim as an indication of the success of his aggression. When his victim denies the experience of pain, the aggressive child will consequently escalate the intensity of an attack he is directing toward him. A significant interaction between magnitude of pain cues and subject aggressiveness supported this prediction. Low pain cues produced greater aggression than high pain cues in highly aggressive boys but not in less aggressive boys. Previous anger arousal was not necessary for the effect.


Quality assurance is one of the most important activities in software development and maintenance. Software source codes are modified via change requests, functional improvement, and refactoring. When software changes, it is difficult to define the scope of test cases, and software testing costs tend to increase to maintain software quality. Therefore, change analysis is a challenge, and static testing is a key solution to this challenge. In this study, we propose new static testing metrics using mathematical graph analysis techniques for the control flow graph generated from the three-address code of the implementation codes based on our hypothesis of the existing correlation between the graph features and any software bugs. Five graph features are strongly correlated with the software bugs. Hence, our bug prediction model exhibits a better performance of 0.25 FN, 0.04 TN ratio, and 0.08 precision than a model based on the traditional bug prediction metrics, which are complexity, line of code (steps), and CRUD.


Accepted 16 January 1996 Abstract Aim-To measure the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRGlc) in neonatal brains during maturation using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Methods-Twenty infants were studied using PET during the neonatal period. The postconceptional age ranged from 32-7 to 603 weeks. All infants had normal neurodevelopment and were normoglycaemic. The development of the infants was carefully evaluated (follow up 12-36 months) clinically, and by using a method based on Geseli Amatruda's developmental diagnosis. LCMRGlc was quantitated using PET derived from FDG kinetics and calculated in the whole brain and for regional brain structures. Results-LCMRGlc for various cortical brain regions and the basal ganglia was low at birth (from 4 to 16 pumol/100 g/minute). In infants 2 months of age and younger LCMRGlc was highest in the sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, and brain stem. By S months, LCMRGlc had increased in the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and cerebellar cortical regions. In general, the whole brain LCMRGlc correlated with postconceptional age (r=090; P<0001). The change in the glucose metabolic pattern observed in the neonatal brain reflects the functional maturation of these brain regions. Conclusion-These findings show that LCMRGlc in infants increases with maturation. Accordingly, when LCMRGlc is measured during infancy, the postconceptional age has to be taken into account when interpretating the results. (Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: F153-F157)


Enumeration problem for irreducible coverings of Boolean matrix is considered. This problem is known as the problem of dualization. Efficiency of dualization algorithm is usually appreciated with the complexity of a step (creating a next irreducible covering). The algorithms being effective in typical case (for almost all matrices of fixed size) are built by using an approach based on the concept of an asymptotically optimal algorithm with a polynomial delay. Two faster modifications of the asymptotically optimal algorithm AO2 are built. Algorithms have been tested on random Boolean matrices.


5 varieties and 1 bud-changes degradation variety of Acer negundo were analyzed by using RAPD method.20 primers which showed rich polymorphism were screened out 300 random primers.And 170 DNA fragments ranging from 200 to 2800bp were amplified,include 112 polymorphic bands for 65.88%.According to genetic distance caculation by UPGMA.The result shows that among the 6 varieties of Acer negundo,the relationship and distance value had more strange.


MIMO 2-way relay network is known as a solution to realize high data rate relay networks. 2-way relaying is possible provided that interference cancellation techniques, e.g. MIMO beamforming or network coding are properly introduced. Many theoretical works on relaying using beamforming exist, but no implementation on real hardware has been reported. These works try to maximize the throughput and the relay node is not allowed to be a data source. Such relaying schemes are not suitable for our targeting networks, e.g. smart utility networks, sensor networks, etc. We implement a simple beamforming scheme that allows the relay node to be a data source. Moreover, most theoretical works assume perfect CSIT without consideration on implementation. We employ RF calibration to obtain CSIT. We evaluate the accuracy of the calibration using the channels measured in real environment, and the result confirms the validity of the method. We also present a demonstration system to show the flexibility of the implemented scheme.


In northern Europe, only few Eemian sedimentary sequences showing the Neanderthal's presence are attested. Therefore, the discovery at Waziers, in the Scarpe River valley, of a lot of flint artefacts within an alluvial sequence is remarkable.
The thick alluvial sequence presents from the base to the top: 1) coarse fluvial deposits (lithological unit III); 2) organic silts (lithological unit IV); 3) peaty sediment (lithological unit V) with two archaeological levels (flint artefacts); 4) sand and loess sequence (lithological units VI and VII). The organic silts and peat units IV and V are correlated to the Eemian on the basis of a U/Th date on oogons of Characeae (minimum age: 103 +3.5/-3.4 ka), and the occurrence of the typical Last Glacial (Weichselian) loess sequence overlying fluvial organic deposits.
The aim of the poster is to present the main results from the palynological analysis. The pollen record, from a 250 cm sedimentary sequence covering organic silts and peat units, documents palaeoecological changes in northern France from the MIS 6/5 transition to the end of the Eemian. Based on pollen data, three palaeoecological phases have been identified. The first phase corresponds to an open dry grassland driven by a cold climate. The second phase starts with an important expansion of trees indicative of a Betula-Pinus boreal forest development. The third phase is characterized by a warm temperate forest with the successive development of Ulmus, deciduous Quercus, Corylus and finally Carpinus betulus. Palynological data also show changes in the local vegetation, such as aquatic and wetland communities. A nutrient-poor oligotrophic environment with a slow water flow allows aquatic plants to develop. Following the water flow stop, the peat bog is set up then evolves towards an acid peat bog (rise of Sphagnum). Finally, the end of the pollen record shows the colonization by a dominant Alnus swamp forest.


The viscous decay of a fluid in solid body rotation in a circular two-dimensional container is studied using a vorticity finitedifference scheme. A comparison is made with the well-known analytic solution to determine the accuracy of several finitedifference expressions for the wall vorticity. The most accurate results are obtained with a first-order scheme that conserves the net integrated vorticity. I . INTRODUCTION Consider axisymmetric two-dimensional motion in a circle of unit radius. The fluid is in an initial state of solid body rotation; the azimuthal velocity w(r, t=O)=r for (r<l). The tangential velocity must always vanish on the circular boundary, so c(1, t ) = O for all time. The mathematical problem of describing the viscous decay of this initial state has a simple analytic solution that allows the accuracy of any numerical integration scheme to be checked directly. Since the ensuing decay is due entirely to the retarding torque generatd at the boundary, this problem is well suited to test different finite-difference expressions for the torque or vorticity generated at the wall. There are other physical systems, of course, that possess analytic solutions; these could be used for such a comparison study. Laminar flow along a pipe or linearized Ekman-layer flow are particularly good examples; the existence of a nontrivial steady-state solution would eliminate the complication of time-differencing errors. We chose the present system, however, because it also models in the simplest nontrivial way "spin up," a class of physical problems currently being studied in geophysical fluid dynamics. In this initial value problem, the angular velocity of a rapidly rotating closed container is suddenly changed by a slight amount. The enclosed fluid, initially conserving its angular momentum, takes on an instantaneous velocity field that decays with increasing time but always satisfies the no-slip condition on the container boundary. A homogeneous fluid adjusts to the new angular velocity through vortex stretching by Ekman layers. For a heavily stratified fluid, the principal adjustment process is the horizontal viscous diffusion of vorticity. The simple system outlined here crudely models this latter case, so the study tests the general applicability of such finite difference schemes to this particular type of initial value problem. Since all calculations will exhibit the same time-differencing errors, a comparison of results for different wall-torque expressions will test their accuracy. Our problem may be formulated directly in terms of the azimuthal velocity v or in terms of the vertical component of vorticity { = (l/r)(rv),. We chose the latter approach since (1) the vorticity stream-function formulation is widely used in two-dimensional studies of nondivergent flow and (2) it allows us to evaluate directly the finite-difference expression for the wall torque ileveloped ljy Bryan (1963) and Pearson (1965). Since by Eelvin's circulation theorem the net vorticity for the continuous system is always zero, a third expression for the viscously generated wall torque is developed on the constraint that net vorticity be conserved. 9. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM The viscous decay of two-dimensional circular motion is governed by the diffusion of vorticity {t=vV2{ (1) where u is the kinematic viscosity and the vorticity { and azimuthal velocity v are defined in terms of a stream function + by T=VV (2) and v=!b,. (3) At t=O, the fluid is in solid body rotation except at the wall (T= 1) where the azimuthal velocity must always vanish to satisfy the no-slip condition. The analytic expressions for { and + are given in Bessel function series (Batchelor 1967) by


An evolved version of TRIZ containing a series of generically predictable technology and business evolution trends uncovered from the systematic analysis of patents, academic journals and business texts. The current state of the art now brings the total number of generic technical trends to over 30, and the number of business trends to over 20. The article describes some of the newly discovered trends, and their incorporation into a design method that allows individuals and businesses to first establish the relative maturity of their current systems, and then, more importantly, identify areas where 'evolutionary potential' exists. The article introduces this concept of evolutionary potential defined as the difference between the relative maturity of the current system, and the point where it has reached the limits of each of the evolution trends through a number of case study examples focused on the design and evolution of both technical and business systems.


The objective of this paper is to determine the scale of influence of the media (both traditional and social) on party preferences. The complicated contemporary media ecosystem, in which the boundaries between traditional and internet media are blurred (internet versions of newspapers), news coverage is increasingly de-professionalized (emergence of civic journalism), verification of information becomes increasingly problematic (fake news) leads to a number of theoretical and methodological challenges. Theoretically, the paper uses the model in which mass media act as a factor triggering the emergence of latent views. Empirically, the effort is undertaken to cover the whole universe of information sources, including both print and electronic media, both traditional and internet sources. The analysis determines citizens' sources of information, tracks consistencies in selecting particular categories of sources (thus outlining 'information bubbles'), correlates sources with party preferences and measures generalized attitudes to media categories. The study is undertaken on a sample representative  for adult Polish population, fielded with CAWI methodology. Key words: mass media, political attitudes, news, public opinion


Seed coat color is probably a determinant factor in the antibiosis mechanism of developing resistance to safflower fly (Acanthiophilus helianthi). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the phytochemical content of safflower (Carthamus spp.) seed coat extract with the seed coat color and the damage caused by safflower fly. To this end, germplasm consisting of the cultivated species (C111, with a white seed coat), the wild species (Glaucus and lanatus with a black seed coat; Azar with a brown seed coat), and a breeding line (A82 with a black seed coat) was formed. After cultivating the genotypes, the seed loss (%) and its relationship with the polyphenolic compounds and Cyanidin-3-glucoside of the seed coat extract were examined. Agricultural and phytochemical trait data were analyzed through a completely random block design. With a significant difference from other samples, a minimum damage percentage was observed in Lanatus, Glaucus, and A82 genotypes with a black coat (P < 0.05). The concentration of phenolic compounds, that is, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid, except for ferulic acid, was almost equal in all genotypes. However, there was an inverse and direct relationship between the concentration of four polyphenolic compounds (rutin, apigenin, quercetin, and ferulic acid) and Cyd-3-glu content with resistance safflower fly, respectively. In general, flavonoid compounds, that is, rutin, quercetin, and apigenin, affect the resistance probably through antibiosis mechanism so that there was a negative relationship between the concentration of these compounds and resistance to safflower fly.


Optimization of extraction of antioxidative phenolic compounds from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was used to establish treatments based on three independent variables, including extraction temperature, time, and ethanol-to-solid ratio. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidative activities (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP), and % yield were monitored. The extraction yield was 8.64% under the following optimized condition: extraction at 34.7°C for 64 min with an ethanol-to-solid ratio of 18:1 vol/wt. TPC was 564.60 mg GAE/g dry extract and DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP were 11.74, 5.56, and 8.11 mmol TE/g dry extract, respectively. The experiment values were in accordance with the predicted values. Isoquercetin, catechin, hydroquinin, gallic acid, tannic acid, and rutin were found in the extract. The extract could therefore be used as natural antioxidant for food application or as nutraceutical.

Practical applications
Cashew leaf is a potential source of phenolics with antioxidative activity. Extraction method is the first important step in isolation of interested compound, in which the target compounds are extracted with high recovery and without interferences. Optimization of extraction is the procedure that can be used to extract the bioactive compounds having antioxidant capacity with high efficiency. Cashew leaf extract also can be used for food application or serve as nutraceuticals.


For pupils to obtain high-quality and permanent knowledge, it is important that the teaching of scientific and technical contents is based on cognitive constructivist approach. We carried out a research, during which we asked three research questions, on a sample of 167 class teachers in the Republic of Slovenia. We wanted to find out: how often class teachers included elements typical of cognitive constructivist approach; was the frequency of using elements of cognitive constructivist teaching model linked to the teacher's concern for their own professional development, and was the frequency of using elements of cognitive constructivist teaching model linked to the factors, such as the teacher's estimated importance, difficulty and necessity of Science and Technics, the assessment of their own competence and professional enthusiasm. Data were collected with three scales: ways of teaching scientific and technical contents; attitude to scientific and technical contents and teaching and components of professional development. Data were processed according to descriptive and inferential statistics. The research showed that the formulation and verification of hypotheses, two important elements in view of cognitive constructivist teaching model, were less often represented. With statistically significant higher frequency they were organized by teachers, who rated their competence higher, were more enthusiastic and cared more about their professional development.


The question of whether it is possible to intentionally modify the El Niño/Southern oscillation (ENSO) cycle is explored as a case study in the dynamics of climate intervention beyond simple temperature adjustment. A plausible control strategy is described, including an estimate of the energy it would require to implement. The intent here is not to suggest that we should do so, but rather that the scale of the required intervention is such that we could intentionally influence ENSO. Simulations use the Cane–Zebiak intermediate complexity model, and demonstrate that depending on the parameter regime, a feedback strategy that dynamically deflects less than 1% of the sunlight over the Niño-3 region of the eastern tropical Pacific could be used to reduce the probability of extreme ENSO events (T>2 °C) to near zero, or conversely to enhance the cycle.


On February 16, American management consultant firm Markets and Markets, published a report on the Masterbatch Market, which they valued at USD 11.1 billion in 2020 and which is expected to grow to USD 14.3 billion by 2025 (5.1% growth 2020-2025).


This thesis is concerned with the role of the diffusion of knowledge in determining the rate of economic growth. The thesis asks the question 'are countries that are better at diffusing knowledge, both within their borders and also from overseas, able to grow faster'? The first part of the thesis considers theoretical models of growth. I discuss the fact that some of the new endogenous growth models contain hidden assumptions about the degree of knowledge diffusion. In particular, these models often assume that knowledge diffusion is perfect (i.e. all firms in an economy have access to all the previous knowledge ever created). I re-work an endogenous growth model to show that if knowledge diffusion is less than perfect the growth rate will be lower. The intuition is as follows. Firms create new knowledge by using both labour resources and by drawing on the 'stock of public knowledge'. Greater knowledge diffusion effectively raises the public knowledge stock, making firms more productive in creating new knowledge. I also consider models of countries that can learn new knowledge from overseas. I conclude that there are two fundamental determinants of a country's ability to benefit from this knowledge. First, the size of the appropriate technology gap and, second, its level of absorptive capability. The appropriate technology gap is the new knowledge present overseas that is relevant and useable by the country in the short run. Absorptive capability is the ability to access, learn and implement new knowledge from overseas. These concepts are applicable to both neoclassical and endogenous growth models. The remainder of the thesis empirically examines these ideas using data from 64 countries (for the period 1965 to 1990). Cross-country regressions are run, using both cross-sectional and panel data, with the trend growth in GDP per worker as the dependent variable. The key contribution of the empirical work is the collation and analysis of 30 new absorptive capability proxies. These are principally focused on the accessibility and learning components of absorptive capability. The proxies are derived from data for students studying overseas, telecommunications, business trips,


Enzymology
Lipoic acid is an eight-carbon fatty acid in which sulfur groups are appended on two carbon atoms by the enzyme lipoyl synthase (LipA). LipA provides the sulfurs from an auxiliary [4Fe-4S] cluster. McCarthy and Booker show that in Escherichia coli , the auxiliary LipA cluster is reconstituted by the iron-sulfur cluster carrier protein NfuA (see the Perspective by Rosenzweig). This occurs fast enough that LipA can act catalytically in the final step of lipoic acid biosynthesis.

Science , this issue p. [373][1]; see also p. [307][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aan4574
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aap9299


Sickle cell anaemia and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have anaemia as major clinical consequence. The two disorders are rarely co-expressed in a patient. However, the pathological co-existence of both disorders tends to worsen and aggravate the clinical presentation in affected individuals. We report a diagnosis of the co-inheritance of these two disorders in a 43 year old man who was diagnosed with SCA at childhood. He was managed in a secondary health care facility since child hood. He has had multiple blood transfusions on account of repeated episodes of haemolytic anaemia which was solely attributed to SCA. He was referenced our center on account of recurrent severe heamolytic anaemia with a PCV of 9%. In the preceding 2 months to detecting his G6PD deficient status, he was having monthly blood transfusions on account of severe anaemia. Following the detection of his G6PD deficiency status and appropriate intervention with glutathione and selenium supplements and counseling to avoid exposure to oxidizing agents, he had a respite in the frequency of acute episodes of haemolysis necessitating blood transfusion, as well as an improvement in his steady state PCV of 16%. This case report underscores the importance of routine screening for G6PD status in patients with SCA so as to institute appropriate measures to reduce the worsening of incidence of acute episodes of haemolysis and the need for recurrent blood transfusions on account of this.


Asthma is associated with an eosinophil infiltration into the bronchial mucosa. 5‐Oxo‐6,8,11,14(E,Z,Z,Z)‐eicosatetraenoic acid (5‐oxo‐ETE), a potent eosinophil chemotactic factor, activates cell motility, adherence, and proteolysis, notably, by promoting CD11b expression, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 secretion, and plasmin generation. We investigated the intracellular signaling pathways implicated in these various steps by using different, selective inhibitors. Human eosinophil migration through a reconstituted basement membrane in response to 5‐oxo‐ETE was greatly inhibited (≥72%) by the protein kinase C (PKC)‐δ, PKC‐ζ, ERK‐1/2, and p38 inhibitors. Our findings indicate that PKC‐δ mediates cell motility, CD11b expression, and MMP‐9 granule release. PKC‐ζ is also largely involved in eosinophil migration, although its specific targets remain undefined. ERK‐1/2 and p38 modulate CD11b expression; ERK‐1/2 is also involved in long‐term MMP‐9 secretion and p38 in the plasmin activation system. We demonstrated the crucial implication of PKC‐δ, PKC‐ζ, ERK‐1/2, and p38 in human blood eosinophil migration through extracellular matrix components. Targeting specific pathways may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive mecha-nisms of piperitenone oxide in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Compared to control SHR, piperitenone oxide reduced the systolic blood pressure and serum endothelium-1 (ET-1). The nitric oxide (NO) production and ET-1 secretion were significantly inhibited in the noradrenaline-exposed bovine aortic endothelial cells. Piperitenone oxide showed endothelium-independent but concentration-dependent relaxation of the artery rings. The responsible mechanisms appear to be related to the modulation of ET-1 and NO levels. The vasorelaxant effect of piperitenone oxide is independent of endothelium-derived mediators, which is associated with interfering intracellular calcium homeostasis by blocking Ca 2+ influx, as well as intracellular Ca 2+ release. Video Clip of Methodology : 2 min 58 sec: Full Screen Alternate


In this study, a grounded theory approach was used to investigate the process college and university instructors undergo to design and develop online courses. Fourteen instructors who created online courses for four-year colleges and universities were interviewed about their experience designing and developing online courses. Results showed that participants begin the process with objectives and/or with existing course outlines, typically taken from online and face-to-face courses. Next, the instructors structure the course and chunk content. The instructors interviewed rarely use formal instructional design principles, but their design tasks show a striking similarity to those formalized in the ADDIE model. Student feedback (evaluation) motivated the instructors in their development efforts after initial course delivery. The study discusses practical implications and suggests opportunities for future research.


Introduction. The International Association of Fire and Rescue Services (hereinafter referred to as CTIF) was founded in August 1900 on the initiative of Count Pavel Kamarovsky, a representative of the Imperial Russian Fire Society. He was elected as the first President of CTIF. 120 years have passed since then, during this period the Association interrupted its activities only during the Second World War. CTIF successfully works, realizing its tasks of developing international cooperation and exchange of experience in various aspects of fire and rescue services, strengthens professional and friendly ties between firefighters and rescuers from different countries of the World on the basis of equal cooperation. Today the Russian National Committee of the International Association of Fire and Rescue Services is studying the activities of the fire and rescue services of the member countries of CTIF to prepare proposals for improving the activities of the fire and rescue services of Russia based on international experience. The article discusses the legal framework, management and financing mechanisms, organizational structure and conditions of service of the fire and rescue services in England. The purpose of the study is to learn international experience, organization and activities of the fire and rescue services in England. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge – analysis, generalization, economic analysis, analysis of empirical data, which were based on the general provisions of the theory of analysis and system analysis. Research results. A multifactorial analysis of the activities of the fire and rescue services in England is carried out, taking into account their development in the coming years. Conclusion. The data obtained will make it possible to create a data bank on the activities of the fire and rescue services of the world, as well as to prepare scientifically grounded proposals for the development of fire and rescue services in Russia. Keywords: analysis, statistics, fire, fire and rescue divisions, International Association.


301 Background: Treatment options for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer are still limited. Recently, new strategies to prolong disease control are reported. We conducted phase I/II trial of GEM+CPT-11 combination chemotherapy for MPC to evaluate the effectiveness and safety. Methods: As phase I study, traditional 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended phase II dose. Four escalating dose levels of GEM/CPT-11 (800/60 mg/m2, 1000/60 mg/m2, 1000/80 mg/m2, and 1000/100 mg/m2) were studied. As results of this investigation, the recommended phase II dose was GEM 1000 mg/m2 and CPT-11 100 mg/m2, biweekly. Phase II eligibility included naive MPC, PS0-2, Pathological diagnosis, no refractory ascites and pleural effusion, and adequate organ function. Primary endpoint was overall survival. Results: Eighteen patients were entered phase I study. The DLTs were anorexia, and nausea/vomiting. Severe neutropenia was rare. MTDs were determined GEM 100...


The color and the structure of the compounds of a Magnus green salt type, [Pt(amine)4] [PtCl4], have been studied. The dichroism with crystals of [Pt(methylamine)4] [PtCl4] and [Pt(ethylamine)4] [PtCl4] has been quantitatively determined at room temperature in the visible and ultraviolet region by the microscopic method. From the measurements, the unusually deep color of the former has been shown to be ascribed to a direct type of interaction between platinum atoms. No interaction of this sort is present in the crystal of the latter, which is pink in color. It is suggested that the compounds having a formula of [Pt(alkylamine)4] [PtCl4] may generally be classified into two kinds, one being colored green and the other pink. In the crystals of the former there is a direct type of interaction between platinum atoms at the center of the planar complexes, but no interaction of such a sort is operative in the crystals of the latter.


Background and Objectives: Luting cements are susceptible to attack by moisture during the initial setting period that can result in an increased solubility. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of early water contact on solubility of zinc phosphate cement, glass-ionomer cement, resin cement and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement when immersed in artificial saliva. Material and Methods: Four commercial luting cements were used (Fuji I, De Trey Zinc, Rely X ARC, Fuji CEM). For each material, 5 resin cement holders were made with 2 circular cavities, (diameter of 5mm and depth of 2mm). One minute after start of mixing, the specimens are placed in a humidifier at 37°C and 100% relative humidity. After 2 minutes, 5 minutes and 8 minutes of storage time, they were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva in a glass weighing bottle where they were stored for 3 hours at 37° C. Next, the specimens are removed and water was evaporated from the weighing bottle at 130° C for 2 hours. The difference between the final and initial weight of the bottle was taken as amount of solubility. Data were analysed by analysis of variance and Duncan's test. 2 Results: The lowest cement loss was for Rely X ARC at 9 minutes immersion time (1.475 mg/cm ). The 2 greatest loss was for Fuji CEM after 3minutes immersion time (14.758 mg/cm ). The solubility of cements decreased by 33% for Fuji I, 33% for De Trey Zinc, 50% for Rely X ARC, and 17% for Fuji CEM at various time intervals between the various groups. The percentage reduction in solubility at 6 minutes immersion time was 45% for Fuji I, 40% for De Trey Zinc, 41.7% for Rely X ARC, and 28% for Fuji CEM cement. The degree of solubility of these cements from 3 minutes to 9 minutes from start of mixing was 71.2% for Fuji I, followed by 71.1% Rely X ARC, 59.8% for De Trey Zinc, and 33.3% for Fuji CEM. Interpretation and Conclusion: Increasing the time from start of mixing until immersion in artificial saliva from 3 to 9 minutes resulted in a marked decrease in loss of substance from the surface of all 4 cements. Resin cements were less sensitive to early water contamination.


The domain of project scheduling has been treated as various disparate techniques, each competing to be the best method for effective planning and control of projects. Especially, there are many terms used to describe the family of construction scheduling methods which variously involve repetition, linear relationships, vertical or horizontal staging or in some other way map production units against time. This paper considers the underlying rationale behind those terms and proposes a new typology and terminology to encapsulate the entire family of scheduling methods and specifically to differentiate the family of production-oriented methodologies from the more common critical path methodologies. For this purpose the following terms are proposed: activity-based methodologies which may be divided into deterministic and probabilistic, and location-based methodologies which may be divided into unit production and location production. The paper then shows how location production in the location-based methodology involves focusing on locations as the unit of analysis and tasks as the unit of control as the framework for production management.