526Background: Safety-net hospitals care for more patients of lower socioeconomic status (SES) than non-safety-net hospitals and may be disproportionately punished under readmission risk adjustment models that do not incorporate (SES). We developed a readmission risk adjustment framework incorporating SES to assess impact of SES on safety-net hospital rankings for patients undergoing major surgery for urologic malignancies. Methods: Quasi-experimental design using California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data from 2007-2011. Subjects included all patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (n = 3,771), partial nephrectomy (n = 5,556), and radical nephrectomy (n = 13,136) for kidney cancer. Unadjusted hospital rankings and predicted rankings under a base model, which simulated the Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program model, were compared with predicted rankings under models incorporating socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status was derived from a multifacto...


Review(s) of: The social animal: A story of how success happens, by David Brooks, First published: 2011 in the United States by Random House, This paperback edition: 2012 (revised and updated) by Short Books Pages: 466 ISBN: 978-1-78072-037-1.


direct teaching and in patterns of behaviour, in songs, proverbs, wise sayings and folktales. These produced women who were disciplined, industrious, inhibited, conforming and altruistic 1990; Roberts, 1984). At the end of the socialization and seclusion period, the novice was presented in a public square and recognized as a newly constituted adult woman, charged, eager Abstract: This paper uses data collected within the framework of the Ph.D. thesis, Effects of Obstetric-Fistula on Womanhood: The Case of West-Pokot County, Kenya, of Musyoki, K.G., published in 2016 at Kenyatta University. The qualitative paper explores how women in West-Pokot County, Kenya, participate in constructing their womanhood identity. The study adopted a phenomenological design method informed by the performative theory by Butler (1988), which posits that gender is made up of acts that mark a person as 'man' or 'woman'. The 'making' of a woman in the African context, and among the Pokot, entailed a series of events that together codified the expectations for successful social maturation. The initiates, basically pubescent girls, were schooled through 'learning-to-become' on their new status and its responsibilities with pain endurance as the main test to 'growing-up' socially. They, acquired knowledge to perform as mature women, wives, mothers, and citizens in their community, in public and in private although physiologically immature. Therefore, this study seeks to provide new trends in thinking about womanhood among the Pokot and Kenyan women that does not only revolve around wifehood and motherhood in the social construction of womanhood. It is essential to suggest other rallying points that could emphasize development of new identities that can empower young girls and women in West-Pokot County, Kenya, to aspire more in life.


Purpose : to analyze the anatomic morphological features of qualified water polo players depending on game role. Material : the study group consisted of 41 athlete. Assessing the level of physical development was carried out in terms of water polo in body size, body weight, chest excursion, lung capacity, power brush. Results : it was found that the central strikers powerful players with significant muscle mass. They are the following indicators: length of the arm (22%), the length of the tibia (11%), foot length (7%), shoulder width (10%) and vital capacity (11%). Central defenders tall, sinewy athletes, which is characterized by long limbs. They highlighted the special role of the indicator arm's length (part of which is 34 %) and vital capacity (10%). Midfielders or moving forwards players of medium height and basic anthropometric indicators inferior players other roles, but exceed them in the values of the indicator lung capacity. Conclusion : these results relate to the functions that do the athletes on the field.


Objective To study the extended release chlorine dioxide soil disinfectant and its related performance.Method The composition of chlorine dioxide disinfectant,its slow-release performance and disinfection effect were observed by using the physical and chemical analysis and the quantitative bactericidal test.Results With the increase of added amount of chlorine dioxide disinfectant,the bactericidal effect and the release rate of chlorine dioxide increased significantly.The proportion of bentonite had no obvious effect on bactericidal effect and chlorine dioxide release rate,so the ratio of bentonite was 2∶ 1 in the disinfectant.When the soil disinfectant additive amount was 30.00 g/kg and the mass ratio of sodium chlorite,citric acid and bentonite was 1∶ 3∶ 8,the release amount of chlorine dioxide in this formulation could reach the requirements of the test.In real environment disinfection,the killing rate of bacterial in soil was above 99%.Conclusion The bentonite could delay chlorine dioxide release rate and the extendted release chlorin dioxide disinfectant had certain bactericidal capacity within soil.


We present here a novel and original method to avoid the surface functionalization of electronics biosensors. This method is based on the use of functionalized paramagnetic beads together with a magnet placed below the packaged sensor. To reveal the presence of the target molecules on the paramagnetic beads and induce an electrical shift, polystyrene conjugated beads are used to label the detection. Preliminary results confirm the feasibility and the reproducibility of the technique.


This research describes the difficulties in teaching vocabulary by the English teachers faced at  MTs Madani  Pao-Pao  Makassar . It is conducted to know the difficulties in teaching vocabulary by the English teacher and also the factors that caused the difficulties in teaching vocabulary at  MTs Madani  Pao-Pao  Makassar . The researcher uses descriptive qualitative to analyse the data. The researcher collects the data through observation and interview.  The  data are from the interview script.  The  researcher conducted the data by the English teachers as the subject. The  teachers teaching in class 7 at  MTs Madani  Pao-Pao  Makassar .  The  methods used by the researcher are collecting the data are conducted observation and interviews.  The  procedure for collecting data analysis is data reduction, data display, conclusion. Based on the class observation and interview, the researcher concludes the difficulties in teaching vocabulary at  MTs Madani  Pao-Pao  Makassar  and what are the factors that caused the difficulties for the teachers in teaching vocabulary at  MTs Madani  Pao-Pao  Makassar . Based on the observation and interview, the researcher concluded that the difficulties in teaching vocabulary by the English teacher are classroom management; the teacher's difficulties in motivating the students; the teaching media is limited (especially textbooks); teacher's difficulties telling students for memorizing vocabulary. The factors that caused the difficulties in teaching vocabulary are laziness; lack of motivation; lack of vocabulary; students' lack of pronunciation; and students' lack of confident when learning English. The researcher suggested for the teachers to learn how to overcome their problems in the English especially vocabulary of the students, classroom management, and motivate the students for learning English because those were the main factors that affect teachers' difficulties in teaching vocabulary.


Intramolecular photoinduced electron-transfer concerted bond cleavage has been observed in both a phenylanthracene and a phenylnaphthacene sulfonium salt derivative to produce a singlet phenylaryl cation radical/radical pair. Subsequent, cation radical/radical coupling produces photorearrangement, which appears to be a kinetic process due to the correlation of the product distribution with spin densities in the phenylaryl cation radical. In the phenylanthracene derivative, amide and sulfide products are also formed, presumably from electron transfer from the radical to the cation radical within the solvent cage. The efficacy of the photoinduced electron transfer/bond cleavage and radical coupling is attributed to the concerted nature of the bond cleavage, close proximity of thearyl π system to the sulfonium moiety, as well as to the favorable thermodynamics for electron transfer


We consider a quantum system that is initially localized at $x_{in}$ and that is repeatedly projectively probed with a fixed period $\tau$ at position $x_d$. We ask for the probability that the system is detected in $x_d$ for the very first time, $F_n$, where $n$ is the number of detection attempts. We relate the asymptotic decay and oscillations of $F_n$ with the system's energy spectrum, which is assumed to be absolutely continuous. In particular $F_n$ is determined by the Hamiltonian's measurement spectral density of states (MSDOS) $f(E)$ that is closely related to the density of energy states (DOS). We find that $F_n$ decays like a power law whose exponent is determined by the power law exponent $d_S$ of $f(E)$ around its singularities $E^*$. Our findings are analogous to the classical first passage theory of random walks. In contrast to the classical case, the decay of $F_n$ is accompanied by oscillations with frequencies that are determined by the singularities $E^*$. This gives rise to critical detection periods $\tau_c$ at which the oscillations disappear. In the ordinary case $d_S$ can be identified with the spectral dimension found in the DOS. Furthermore, the singularities $E^*$ are the van Hove singularities of the DOS in this case. We find that the asymptotic statistics of $F_n$ depend crucially on the initial and detection state and can be wildly different for out-of-the-ordinary states, which is in sharp contrast to the classical theory. The properties of the first detection probabilities can alternatively be derived from the transition amplitudes. All our results are confirmed by numerical simulations of the tight-binding model, and of a free particle in continuous space both with a normal and with an anomalous dispersion relation. We provide explicit asymptotic formulae for the first detection probability in these models.


The essence of situation awareness is causal reasoning to achieve situation understanding and diagnostic reasoning to achieve situation projection.In the course of situation awareness,there are two important problems needed to solved which are uncertain knowledge representation and reasoning.Since the merit of Bayesian networks have the advantages on dealing with uncertain reasoning,a new method is proposed which synthesizes both causal reasoning and diagnostic reasoning based on Bayesian networks,and the model of Bayesian networks of situation awareness is given.Based on the algorithm of propagation in Bayesian networks utilized,the method of realizing situation awareness is presented,finally an example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the method.


In this article we are talking about the criteria for determining the validity of the interpretation of the text. Some universal recognized criteria for determining the true interpretation are listed. Such criteria as logic, common sense, rationalization, objectivity areproblematized and analyzed. These criteria are generally recognized by most philosophers of hermeneutics. Moreover, there are some specific criteria discussed, which are typical forspecial hermeneutical methodologies. One of them is the idea of the true interpretation under the author's intention. This criterion is the traditional philological analysis of the text. One problem with such an understanding of the correct interpretation is that sometimes even with the help of the biographical method it is impossible to decipher what the author wanted to say. The second problem is connected with a broader understanding of the text as in some texts there was no author, for example, in social texts. The other problem is connected with the necessity of legitimizing the interpretation by authoritative person. Such an understanding of the correct interpretation is characterized, above all, in jurisprudence. From this perspective, interpretation is directly linked to social power. The both specific criteria are appropriate in some social and cultural spheres; however, the article also examines their problems. Such divergence in views about the true meaning of texts creates the methodological conflict of interpretations within the hermeneutic tradition.


This letter was referred to Dr. Alessandro Della Corte, who replies in this manner:

My coauthors and I really appreciate Dr. Baciewicz's interest in our recent paper.4 When we wrote the manuscript, we were not aware of his letter to the editor from 1996,2 in which he commented on a "how to do it" paper by Bayfield and Kron.3 A PubMed search produced neither paper when we entered the key words "Bentall operation" and "bleeding."

In regard to the brief communication by Rousou and colleagues,5 we might say that the suture technique used in our series1 is slightly different, insofar as we avoid pledget overlapping, which is implied by an illustration in the Rousou paper. Pledget overlapping occurs when sutures are placed somewhat closer to each other than is our practice: the benefit in terms of hemostasis can in that event be attributed simply to placing more sutures than usual, which entails slightly longer operative times.

Rousou and colleagues4 mentioned their experience in only 30 patients, without reporting any data. Therefore, our own experience constitutes the largest published Bentall-operation series (56 consecutive patients) performed via the technique of imbricating (or overlapping) sutures, first suggested by Dr. Baciewicz.2 As underscored in our paper, only a comparative, possibly randomized, study could definitively support a claim of clinical improvements achieved by these technical modifications. Dr. Baciewicz's letter reminds us that the difficulty in achieving hemostasis in the Bentall operation is an old problem, which is still present and relevant.

Alessandro Della Corte, MD, PhD

Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Second University of Naples c/o V. Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy


The complex water regimes and fragile ecological systems in Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, located in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, have been significantly affected by regional climate change and anthropogenic activities. The hydrological data from the outlets of Dongting Lake (Chenglingji station) during 1955–2016 and Poyang Lake (Hukou station) during 1953–2014 were divided into two periods: the pre-impact period and the post-impact period. Four statistical tests were used to identify the change years: 1979 at Chenglingji and 2003 at Hukou. The indicators of hydrologic alteration and range of variability approach were used to assess alterations in water level regimes. Results show that the severely altered indicators were January water level at both lake outlets, and 1-, 3-, 7- and 30-day minimum water level at Chenglingji, with the degree of hydrological alteration being larger than 85%. The overall degrees of hydrological alteration at Chenglingji and Hukou were 52.6% and 38.2%, respectively, indicating that water level regimes experienced moderate alteration and low alteration or that ecosystems were at moderate risk and low risk, respectively. Changes in water level regimes were jointly affected by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Water level regimes at Dongting Lake outlet were mainly affected by increased rainfall and dam regulation. Decreased rainfall, dam regulation, and sediment erosion and deposition were the main impact factors of water level regimes at Poyang Lake outlet. These changes in water level regimes have greatly influenced both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, especially for fish and vegetation communities. This study is beneficial for water resource management and ecosystems protection under regional changes.


A cough is a respiratory reflex for respiratory mucus clearance. The cough airflow dynamics can be characterized by three parameters, which are cough peak flow rate (CPFR), peak velocity time (PVT), and cough expired volume (CEV). In this study, the three-dimensional human respiratory airways from generation 0 to 5 are reconstructed from computerized tomography images. The non-Newtonian property of respiratory mucus is considered. The airflow–mucus interaction phenomenon has been analyzed in time and space based on the Eulerian wall film model. The maximum air velocity and wall shear stress could reach 38 m/s and 14 Pa, respectively, when the CPFR is 6 L/s. In addition, the influence of CPFR, PVT, and CEV on mucus clearance has been studied. The cough efficiency is used to quantify the mucus clearance. The results showed that increasing the cough peak flow rate has no noticeable effect on mucus clearance under normal and low mucus viscosity. Increasing the cough peak flow rate can effectively improve mucus clearance when the mucus viscosity becomes high. Specifically, the CEV has an apparent positive effect on clearing mucus regardless of the viscosity and thickness. This study provides a new research direction to improve mucus clearance by improving the CEV rather than the CPFR for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, or other pulmonary diseases.


This paper presents a novel chip scale terahertz source based on spintronic magnon lasing effect for generating narrow band terahertz radiation tunable over a wide frequency range. The device is fabricated using industry standard semiconductor tools and methods employed for magnetic memory (MRAM). Keywords—terahertz; spintronics; magnon; laser; tunable; room temperature.


First performed in an Olympic context as part of the opening ceremonies of the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the Finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony has become a popular mainstay of modern Olympic protocol. Part of a ritualized entertainment spectacle that enhances the appeal and popularity of the Games, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony elevates the prestige of the Games and helps to sustain the Olympic Movement's political and commercial dominance within the panoply of institutionalized sport. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the normalization of the Finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games not only transmits and reinforces the traditional Olympic ideology, but also reaffirms the ascendant hegemony of the Olympic Movement within the world of elite international sport. This study is a critical reading of the Olympic musical ceremonial as a site of ideological production, especially as it pertains to Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.


The pseudo-stationary axially-symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations have been the subject of thorough investigation.D, 2> Such solutions with proper asymptotic behaviour describe3> the exterior metrics of charged rotating bodies and charged black holes. A handful of solutions were found by various method,<> •5> and recently solutions depending on an arbitrary harmonic function were introduced.6> In the present short note solutions depending on arbitrary functions are exhibited. The problem of obtaining solutions has been reduced by Ernstll to the problem of finding two complex functions c and <f; of two coordinates (p, z), satisfying the set of differential equations:


The efficiency of braced structures depends significantly on structure response under seismic loads. The main design challenge for these type of structures is to select shape, number of spans, and type of connections appropriately. Therefore, introducing an optimized and cost-effective design including a certain level of safety and performance against natural hazards seems to be an inevitable necessity. The present work introduces a performancebased design for braced steel structures as well as an optimized arrangement of braces and connection types via using finite difference algorithm. The results show that the latter two factors are very important and necessary to achieve an optimized design for braced steel structures.


India is a major producer of many agricultural commodities and it accounts for nine per cent of the world's fruit production and about 11 per cent of the vegetable production.Food today is the single largest component of household consumption expenditure within India with the current food consumption estimated at Rs 8,60,000 crore. Processed foods account for Rs 4,60,000 crore and primary processed food (includes packed fruits and vegetables, packed milk, etc.) Rs 2,80,000 crore. Changing age profile, increase in income, social changes (increasing number of working women), life style factors and organized retail outlets are factors favoring the growth of the food-processing sector. This helps the sector generate significant employment as well as great profit maximization opportunities. The multiplier effect of investment in food processing industry on employment generation is 2.5 times than in other industrial sectors.Taking this fact into consideration we have tried to "check the Financial, Marketing and Technical Viability of a Food processing unit".In this project work the following points has been taken into consideration that:➢ What are the Marketing elements, which are, need to be taken care of while establishing a food-processing unit. i.e. market competitor analysis, what should be the best place to start the operation, considering the Government policies, benefits, tax policies of the state etc.➢ What are the machineries and equipments and technologies required to start the business.➢ What would be the plant layout, natural and climatic conditions?➢ What are the financial elements, which should be required to be focus upon? i.e. Projected cash flow, Ration analysis, current ration, debt to equity ratio, interest coverage ratio, Return on investment, internal ret of return etc.After analyzing all the above given concerns it has been concluded that its viable and wise decision to make investment in the food processing unit.


Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to develop the Readiness Strategy and outline Strategic Readiness Planning for the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service (PHSCC). This will require reviewing the roles and missions, both past and present, and developing the Commissioned Corps interests and objectives.


We propose random field system identification and inversion control (RF-SIIC) as a method for simultaneous probabilistic identification and control of time-discretised control-affine systems. Identification is achieved by conditioning random field priors on observations of configurations and noisy estimates of configuration derivatives. In contrast to previous work that has utilised random fields for identification, we leverage the structural knowledge afforded by Lagrangian mechanics and learn both the drift and control input matrix functions of a control-affine system. We employ feedback-linearisation to reduce, in expectation, the uncertain nonlinear control problem to one that is easy to regulate. Our method combines the flexibility of nonparametric Bayesian learning with epistemological guarantees on the expected closed-loop trajectory. We illustrate the viability of our approach in the context of a discretised, fully-actuated mechanical system. Our simulations suggest that our approach can adapt rapidly to a priori uncertain dynamics sufficiently well to succeed in feedback-linearising and controlling the plant as desired.


Deadly Embrace is not only a well-written and thoroughly documented book but also a necessary and vital contribution to the study of the turbulent and often violent first four decades of twentieth century Spain. Not surprisingly, in a country whose political destiny has unfortunately been determined far too often by praetorian intervention, there is a rich scholarly literature on the Spanish armed forces. There also exists a vast number of studies on the colonial wars of the last quarter of the nineteenth century, in particular the origins and aftermath of the disaster of 1898. By contrast, the subsequent brutal and last imperialist adventure in Morocco, and more specifically the Army of Africa, has traditionally been overlooked. Furthermore, the objectives of the previous vital works on the question of the military and Morocco have been radically different to those of the present book under review.


In Reply: Thank you for your thoughtful review of our article. You raised several important points regarding endoscopic ear surgery, including 1) patient selection and 2) surgical technique. First, in terms of patient selection, we agree that patients need to be carefully selected for endoscopic ear surgery based on clinical indications and individualized anatomy. Similar to all types of surgery, there are benefits and limitations to specific operative approaches. We consider the endoscope as one potential tool in the otologist's armamentarium and having a unique set of benefits and limitations. Advantages of endoscopes include improved visualization of ear anatomy and the ability to look around corners, as well as potential to use the ear canal as a minimally invasive surgical portal. Limitations of endoscopic ear surgery are a steep learning curve and need for one-handed dissection. As astutely raised by Dr. Lou, in patients with small external auditory canals, such as pediatric patients or patients with congenital malformations, certain sized endoscopes, such as a 4-mm sinus endoscope, may not be ideal. For children, the authors use a 3-mm endoscope, which has been found to be an optimal size for the typical pediatric ear canal. In cases where the canal is unusually small, such as in ear canal stenosis or in patients with Down syndrome, it may not be feasible to perform transcanal endoscopic surgery, and a typical postauricular approach with or without canalplasty would be appropriate. There are, several other endoscopes, such as the 1.9or 2.7-mm rigid endoscope, that may be used in the case of small ear canals for limited procedures, such as myringotomy with tube insertion. As endoscopic ear surgery is incorporated into standard clinical practice, we advise careful patient selection based, in part, on patient anatomy and current technological limitations. Second, in regard to surgical technique, use of the endoscope comes with a specific set of risks that differs from the microscope. As our group and others have demonstrated, the tip of the endoscope has the potential to become warm, and care is needed to avoid desiccation of middle ear structures by endoscope removal, irrigation, or concurrent use of suction. In addition, with the use of angled endoscopes, such as 308 or 458 endoscopes, there is the risk of damage to the ossicular chain if not carefully inserted. As Dr. Lou discusses, there is also the risk of an ear canal hematoma if the endoscope causes trauma to the bony canal. In our experience, and that of our fellow endoscopic ear surgeon colleagues, this is not a risk particularly unique to endoscopic ear surgery and may similarly occur from a speculum and any otologic instrument. Hemostasis in endoscopic ear surgery is achieved using a combination of local canal injection with 1:100,000 epinephrine, topical application of 1:1000 epinephrine cottonoids to tympanomeatal flap, reverseTrendelenburg bed positioning, and careful monitoring of patient blood pressure. In the case of a hematoma, we recommend gentle decompression with a small gauge needle and suction, application of epinephrine (1:1,000) soaked cotton balls, and tincture of time. We have not had to abort any procedures or convert to the microscope due to bleeding or persistent lack of visualization, even in cases where the jugular bulb was entered inadvertently. The use of gently curved suctions and angled dissectors are critical to avoiding injury to the canal skin (as well as the use of either hand for dissection to avoid the canal overhang). Traditional otologic instruments were designed for line-of-sight surgery; in contrast, the endoscope provides visualization of areas that cannot be reached with straight instruments, with attempts to do so resulting in excoriation of the skin over the bony ear canal. Moreover, new instruments are being designed that have an embedded suction port, such as a suction dissector, that will decrease challenges related to bleeding (Fig. 1). Lastly, the otologic endoscope, like the operative microscope, affords the ability to think creatively and apply novel operative approaches to manage middle ear disease. We encourage the trial of different novel operative approaches, such as Dr. Lou's endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty without tympanic membrane elevation, as a means to address otologic disease. As the endoscope allows for improved visualization of anatomy, certain operative techniques may be more easily completed. In summary, we welcome questions and concerns by Dr. Lou as they likely represent sentiments of other surgeons in the otolaryngology community. Similar to the DOI: 10.1002/lary.26766


By EPR/IR LMR (electron paramagnetic resonance/infrared laser magnetic resonance) technique, the reaction of H/sub 2/F/sub 4/ + H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ has been studied. A chain reaction model is proposed. The rate laws for NH/sub 2/ and HO/sub 2/ intermediate active centers are treated in the framework of the proposed model. It is established that the proposed mechanism gives a good description of the observed rate laws. It is shown that the N/sub 2/F/sub 4/ + H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ reaction can be used as a source of HO/sub 2/ radicals.


To characterize resting tension in the actin cytoskeleton (CSK), human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were cultured on a pre-stretched elastic substrate which, when released, shortened the attached cells. The presence of buckled and unbuckled parallel actin stress fibers suggests CSK prestretch may be nonuniformly distributed.


Professional risk assessment based on generally accepted indicators do not fully reflect the possible damage to the health of employees in the complex influence of factors of production and in case of the absence of registered occupational diseases. The purpose of work was the substantiation of methodical approaches to the assessment of occupational risk of workers of railway tunnels. The conditions of work and medico-biological indicators characterizing posteriori professional risk of workers of the railway tunnels of Eastern Siberia have been studied. It has been established that in the addition to the traditional methods the calculations of risks of main general pathological syndromes with estimation of class of health may give opportunity to obtain corrected levels of occupational risk, mostly appropriate to apriori assessment on the labor conditions.


HYDRODYNAMICS EFFECT TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF THERMAL WASTE IN THE OCEAN. The ocean is a thermal waste disposal site derived from thermal power plants. The ecosystems and marine biota could be disrupted even massive damaged if this waste was disposed into the ocean without proper processing. All activities in the ocean need a well understanding of hydrodynamics to avoid or minimize any negative effects that may occur. It needs dispersion modeling of heat water prior to the construction of the power plant in order to reduce the impact of environmental damage.


In this article,from the composition,effect and harm of traditional laundry detergent,especially from the harm to environment,discusses the market prospect and developing necessity of green laundry detergent.


It is well known that the translators Dominicus Gundisalvi, Avendauth, Johannes Hispanus and Alfred of Shareshill were responsible for a good number of Avicenna translations from Arabic into Latin in twelfth-century Spain. Some Avicenna translations, however, are anonymous, notably the Isagoge and Physics parts of the summa al-Šifāʾ (The Cure). The Physics part, in fact, was translated into Latin in two steps. The first two books and the beginning of the third book were translated in the twelfth century by an unknown translator. About a century later, in the 1270s, the remainder of book three and book four were translated by Juan Gonzalves de Burgos and a companion translator named Salomon. In addition to the two anonymous Avicenna translations of Isagoge and Physics, there are at least seventeen further anonymous translations of Arabic philosophical texts in twelfth-century Spain. The present paper makes an attempt to lift the anonymity of these translations. Earlier studies have shown that anonymous medieval translations from Greek or Arabic can be attributed to known translators by studying the usage of non-technical, non-disciplinary vocabulary, that is, everyday words, particles and short phrases. Stylistic analysis made it possible, for instance, to attribute anonymous Greek-Latin translations of Aristotle to James of Venice and Arabic-Latin translations of Averroes to Michael Scot, William of Luna and Her-


An automatic hardware generator is developed for computing multiplier-based arithmetic functions. The generator can produce Verilog codes of parallel multipliers/multiplier-accumulator/inner product calculator and their corresponding test fixture files for pre-layout simulation. The irregular connection of the Wallace tree in the parallel multiplier is optimized in order to reduce the critical path delay. In addition to the conventional 3:2 counter that is usually included in standard cell library, our generator can select other different compression elements that are designed using the full-custom approach based on pass-transistor logic. Thus, our multiplier generator combines the advantages of three basic design methodologies: high-level synthesis, cell-based design, full-custom design along with area/time optimization.


Very recently Jain et al. [4] proposed generalized integrated Baskakov operators Vn,α(f, x), α > 0 and estimated some approximation properties in simultaneous approximation. In the present paper we establish the rate of convergence of these operators and its Bezier variant, for functions which have derivatives of bounded variation.


The article is devoted to description of peculiarities of career-orientation work for disabled university applicants in virtual learning environment. The principles and techniques of distance pre-university training and peculiarities of their realization in the study of psychology and professional self-determination for people with special needs are described.


Catalog book is a common means for a manufacturer to demonstrate the description and related prices of its products for a time period, normally for a year. With the evolution of the business and new information technology, it is time to address the need of producing annual catalog books in different ways from traditionally printed versions in order to facilitate customer involvement in the product design and production in make-to-order or One-of-a-Kind Production (OKP) companies. To pursue this goal, a framework of extended new product deployment and production process is introduced in this paper, and a web-based catalog builder with customer involvement, i.e. customer oriented E-catalog for OKP is presented. A customized window and door catalog is used as an application to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework and method.


In The Netherlands, the percentage of struggling readers in the 1st year of formal reading instruction is about 25%. This problem inspired us to develop the Reading Acceleration Programme. To evaluate the effectiveness of this programme, a quasi-experiment is carried out. The teachers in the experimental group have been trained to improve their core instruction, to broaden their instruction for struggling learners, and to implement special measures for pupils who do not respond sufficiently to these interventions. A significant difference was found on the post-tests for measuring reading of single words and reading whole sentences, after correcting for pre-test, age, intelligence, socioeconomic status, and ethnic minority. Furthermore, the programme turned out to reduce the percentage of struggling readers in the experimental group from over 28% to less than 6%. In the follow-up study, the overall effects remained to a moderate degree.


Parameter-free activity coefficient equations were tested in addition to those containing one, two, three or four electrolyte-dependent parameters with the experimental activity coefficients obtained from the literature data for aqueous solutions of the following electrolytes at 298.15 K: KCl, NaCl, RbCl, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, KI, RbI, KNO3, and KH2PO4. The experimental activity coefficients of each electrolyte considered can be reproduced within the uncertainty of the measurements up to the molality of the saturated solution by using a three-parameter equation of the extended Huckel type. The best Huckel equations are given for all electrolytes in question. The results from the present studies reveal that the parameter-free equations can be reliably used in thermodynamic studies only for very dilute electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, in most cases, a good agreement with the experimental data is obtained with the one-parameter equations of Bromley [14] and Kusik and Meissner [13], with the two-parameter equation of Bretti et al. [15], and with the three- or four-parameter equation of Hamer and Wu [19] in addition to the three-parameter Pitzer equation [23], with almost all parameter values suggested in the literature. In several cases, these equations seem to apply to much higher molalities than those used in the parameter estimations. Therefore, the best of these equations may have important applications in calculations associated with the dissolution and crystallization processes of these salts.


This article sums up the methods and skills of doing multiple choice by analyzing the questions in English test paper of 2005 college entrance examination.


As strategic forward press of TMD,challenge is posed to affect penetration competence of TBM.How to penetrate TMD effectively should be an important issue to be discussed,to solve this problem, based on particular analysis of TBM's structure and defending process,technical methods of TBM penetrating TMD in the whole process of flight and hierarchy of different ranges of TBMs penetrating TMD are analyzed.Finally,competence of TBM penetrating TMD is investigated by building model of penetrating competence and a conclusion is reached.


This paper introduce the hydraulic system simulation automation studio software which orients the system principle diagram. Taking the sheet metal shears' hydraulic system design as an example, the external load and flow of shears cylinder were simulated using Automation studio. This system was debugged on Bosch Rexroth experimental table, the parameter test results are basic sameness with the simulation results. It proved the validity of the simulation software.


Networking of molecular hosts via non-covalent interactions has become one of the central topics in crystal engineering. We herein report the self-assembly of silver(I) coordination polymers with an NS4-macrocycle (L)...


Objective: Serum levels of anti-streptolysin O antibodies (ASO) in the routine evaluation of patients with rheumatic conditions. Prevalence of elevated serum ASO titer in patients which were coming in OPD & IPD of Nepalgunj Medical College & teaching hospital with various clinical conditions. Method : This was a retrospective cross sectional study, which was performed in the central laboratory of Microbiology at Nepalgunj Medical College and teaching Hospital, Banke, Nepal during the period of September 2010 to April 2012. The serum samples were tested for Antistreptolysin O (ASO) antibodies by latex agglutination test. Results : Total 308 patients including 40.91% male and 50.09% female  were tested for ASO serum levels.140 were positive and 168 were negative .In 140 positive cases 57 were male and 83 were female. In 168 negative cases 69 were male and 99 were female. Conclusion: The prevalence of Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) antibody in total cases was 45.45%.In male was 45.24% and in female was 45.60%.the highest percentage was found in age group 0-21years. The presence of elevated streptococcal antibody titers in such a population, which probably re?ects a high background prevalence of streptococcal infections, should be taken into consideration when evaluating the role of the group A streptococcus in non-purulent complications of infections.


The key idea behind the routing protocols based in multi hope is to find the required path from the source node to the destination. Since those protocols does not consider the node mobility in their mechanism, we propose enhanced the routing protocols by benefit from localization node and predict the time needed for neighbors to go out of range for a node to increase the robustness of the protocols with the mobility. First, we propose an efficient scheme to predict the neighbor rang out. Second, we designed an enhanced version of OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) based on the collected data. Third, we conduct an extensive set of simulations to compare the performance of our proposal against OLSR origin.


In order to obtain the chemical speciation and diurnal pattern of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs),a continuous half hour measurement was performed on top of a 55 meter tall building in Guangzhou in July,2006,using a set of automated gas chromatography instruments.The various VOC species showed different diurnal variations.Alkanes and alkenes had two peaks in the morning and evening,corresponding to the local traffic rush hours,indicating these species were mainly due to vehicular emissions.The morning peaks of aromatics appeared later than traffic rush hour,suggesting that the concentrations of aromatics was affected by both traffic emissions and solvent evaporation.The peak of isoprene appeared around noon,showing that the major sources of isoprene were biogenic emissions.In this work,the ratios of ethylbenzene to m,p-xylene were used as an indicator for photochemical processing.And the measured results showed that the ratios of ethylbenzene to m,p-xylene had close correlation with the ground-level ozone concentrations.


Smectic layering has been observed at the free surface of decylcyanobiphenyl (10CB) and dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB) and mixtures of 10CB and 12CB with benzyl alcohol (BA). The effect of BA is to suppress the bulk isotropic-smectic transition temperature {ital T}{sub {ital I}{ital A}} and surface layer ``transition`` temperatures {ital T}{sub {ital j}}, as well as sharpening these surface transitions by reducing the temperature range {Delta}{ital T} over which layers grow. The observed sharpening appears to saturate for concentrations {ital x}{ge}0.118. A Landau theory for the growth of a single layer {ital j} has been developed, in which the free energy contains a term coupling the concentration {ital x} to the local smectic order parameter {psi}{sub {ital j}} such that {ital F}{sub {ital j}}{similar_to}{ital x}{psi}{sub {ital j}}{sup 2}. Applying this theory to pure 12CB and eight mixtures of 12CB-BA, we find that the {ital j}=1{minus}{gt}{ital j}=2 transition is continuous in pure 12CB, but that the addition of small amounts of impurity drives the transition first order.


While early hip hop could still offer social commentary, global issues began to disappear from the genre by the late 90s and early 2000s. Due to gangsta rap's emphasis on authenticity and on the individual's 'realness,' issues of social and environmental justice seem to have become increasingly inaccessible to rap music: any attempts to address wider, 'real' issues, if they were to happen, took the risk of appearing not 'real' but inauthentic, cynical capitalizations on social issues at best. This paper seeks to outline how Snoop Lion's Reincarnated (2013) and in particular its eighth track "Smoke the Weed" employs the imagery of Reggae and Rastafarianism to reconstitute, transform, or "reincarnate" hip hop and thereby once again open it up to social and environmental commentary. While at first sight it is merely another glorification of recreational marihuana use in line with Snoop Dogg's earlier, pre-Lion oeuvre, "Smoke the Weed" offers a highly complex critique of the environment and humans' place and agency within it. "Smoke the Weed" can be seen to discuss, primarily through the metaphors of seeds, plant-growth, and marihuana use, the interconnection between (the necessity for) social action and (the necessity for) environmental action. Snoop harnesses the performativity of gangsta rap to offer a sincere, if never really 'authentic,' vision of green street consciousness. Through his clear lack of 'realness' as a Reggae artist, Snoop Lion can mobilize 'naturalness' for hip hop.


The practice of excommunication has, in recent years, been used in a minatory way in both political and ecclesial debates. This paper examines whether this is appropriate by a review of the foundational texts of the practice and comments made by later theologians. A close reading of such texts raises questions about the practice of excommunication which has been based on them, and whether they might not indicate the practice of self-examination and -regulation as much as an institutional discipline. Further, following the work of Francis Moloney SDB, the Johannine Supper Narrative suggests that Jesus' own practice, in sharing this eucharistic prototype with Judas, indicates that self-regulation is a more appropriate way of policing eucharistic reception.


The pH in the human body is of vital importance for its proper functioning, an imbalance in it can cause serious health problems and even death. This topic is addressed in the first Biochemistry course of the Bachelor of Medicine in all universities and has always shown a high degree of difficulty, consequently, the failure rate is high. To support the attention to this problem, previous works describe the design and development of a Learning Object for this topic, emphasizing its importance and at the same time, seeking to influence the increase in the approval rate. This work describes the methodology that was followed to carry out a study of the satisfaction of this Learning Object, whose contents are presented in three videos. Students from nine sections of the first Biochemistry course from the first semester of the Faculty of Medicine of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla participated in the study, which was carried out during the fall semester of 2019. The results document a high degree of satisfaction and indicate areas of opportunity to produce similar learning


The carp is the main aquaculture species which is omnivorous, eating both vegetable and animal food. The aim was to analyze the research undertaken blood parameters at two varieties of carp fry culture, those common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. typica) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis), which were grown with both natural food (zooplankton and phytoplankton) and with mixed food (natural and supplementary - cereal mixed with soybean meal). The weight of juveniles ranged between 25-45 g, and the blood parameters were determined during two periods, respectively in August and October. The values of blood parameters showed a physiological response similar to both varieties of carp, for similar living conditions. The number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin and the value of hematocrit were higher in summer than autumn, due to metabolic processes more pronounced in summer, when juvenile fish gets feed more intense. Moreover, the blood parameters were influenced by the variation of environmental factors, respectively the water temperature, its decrease causing the lowering of the analyzed blood parameters.


This paper provides further study on fuzzy coverings based rough sets. We first present the notions of the lower and upper approximation operators based on fuzzy coverings and derive their basic properties detailedly. Additionally, the concepts of a fuzzy subcovering, the reducible and intersectional elements, the union and intersection operations are provided and their properties are discussed in detail. Afterwards, we introduce the concepts of a consistent function and fuzzy covering mappings and investigate their fundamental properties. Later on the notion of a homomorphism to reveal the relationship between fuzzy covering information systems is proposed. We also show how a large-scale fuzzy covering information system can be converted into a small-scale one by means of a homomorphism. Finally, an illustrative example is employed to show that the attribute reduction is simplified significantly by our proposed approach.


It is demonstrated that the canonical distribution for a sub system of a closed system follows directly from the solution of the time-reversible Newtonian equation of moti on n which the total energy is strictly conserved. It is shown that this conclusion holds for both integrable or no ni tegrable systems even though the whole system may contain as little as a few thousand particles. In other wo rds, we demonstrate that the canonical distribution holds for subsystems of experimentally relevant sizes and o bservation times.


Currently, the exchange cycles of various computers, smartphones, tablets, and others have become shorter, because new high-performance devices continue to roll out rapidly. However, existing legacy devices are not old-fashioned or obsolete to use. From the perspective of sustainable information technology (IT), energy-efficient virtualization can apply a way to increase reusability for special customized devices and enhance the security of existing legacy devices. It means that the virtualization can customize a specially designed purpose using the guest domain from obsolete devices. Thus, this could be a computing scheme that keeps energy supplies and demands in balance for future sustainable IT. Moreover, energy-efficient virtualization can be the long-term and self-sustainable solution such as cloud computing, big data and so forth. By separating the domain of the host device based on virtualization, the guest OS on the segmented domain can be used as a Trusted Execution Environment to perform security features. In this paper, we introduce a secure platform to protect sensitive user data by domain isolation utilizing virtualization. The sensitive user data on our secure platform can protect against the infringement of personal information by malicious attacks. This study is an effective solution in terms of sustainability by recycling them for special purposes or enhancing the security of existing devices.


This paper explores the contemporary status and role of the collective human right of self-determination, with particular reference to the case studies of nationalists in (the North of) Ireland and Indigenous peoples in Australia. I argue that international law does not offer sufficient protection for the right of self-determination, and consequently powerful states frequently ignore or marginalise claims to the right. By demonstrating that contemporary claimant peoples continue to experience forms of colonialism in the present, I advocate a renewed focus on the decolonising mission of self-determination. This focus requires that international law itself be decolonised. Key means of achieving this goal include enabling the variety of legitimate manifestations of the right of self-determination, breaking down the artificial opposition between 'internal' and 'external' self-determination, and empowering peoples through the development of an inclusive international legal system. If the law of self-determination is to adequately protect rights, the interests of all peoples affected by a self-determination claim must be addressed. I promote Robert McCorquodale's 'human rights' approach to self-determination as a means of moving beyond the stifling question of 'Who is the self?' towards twenty-first century self-determination solutions. This approach requires self-determination claims to be evaluated on their merits, and promotes a process of negotiating the right which is better adapted to achieving rights-based solutions for all interested parties.


We consider the semiclassical magnetic Laplacian $\mathcal{L}_h$ on a Riemannian manifold, with a constant-rank and non-vanishing magnetic field $B$. Under the localization assumption that $B$ admits a unique and non-degenerate well, we construct three successive Birkhoff normal forms to describe the spectrum of $\mathcal{L}_h$ in the semiclassical limit $\hbar \rightarrow 0$. We deduce an expansion of all the eigenvalues under a threshold, in powers of $\hbar^{1/2}$.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of uterine endometrial polyps by transvaginal ultrasound.Methods Eighty-nine cases of endometrial polyps confirmed by pathology were analyzed.Results Seventy-one cases of endometrial polyps were accurately diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound,while five cases(5.6%)were misdiagnosed and thirteen cases(14.6%)were missed diagnosed.Conclusion Transvaginal ultrasound is effective and easy for the diagnosis of endometrial polyps,it should be the first choice.


The properties of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) grown from high‐temperature—high‐pressure aqueous (hydrothermal) solvents have been studied. YIG with a room‐temperature ferromagnetic linewidth as low as 0.3 Oe and with an infrared extinction coefficient at 1.14 μ as low as 0.5 has been prepared. Such YIG should be useful for lasers, laser optical devices, and microwave devices, and the hydrothermal technique is shown to have advantages over conventional flux growth for the reproducible production of large garnets. Linewidth is shown to correlate with proton content which is affected by the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the lattice. Absorbtion at 1.14 μ is uniformly low in hydrothermal YIG, and this fact is discussed. The role of impurities, dopants, and conditions of growth are discussed.


We construct a three-period discrete-time model to examine the spillover effect of heterogeneous beliefs among options traders on the likelihood of price crash of the underlying stock in the future. Model calibration shows that heterogeneous beliefs among options traders are positively related to the price crash risk of the referenced equity. Empirically, our regression analysis provides profound evidence that confirms such a relationship. This positive relation is robust after correcting for possible selection bias of options trading and omitted variables. Our findings reveal a new channel through which options trading affects the stability of the underlying equity price.


We investigate spectroscopic properties of galaxy systems identified based on deep X-ray observations in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. The COSMOS X-ray system catalog we use includes 180 X-ray systems to a limiting flux of , an order of magnitude deeper than the future e-ROSITA survey. We identify spectroscopic members of these X-ray systems based on the spectroscopic catalog constructed by compiling various spectroscopic surveys including 277 new measurements; 146 X-ray systems are spectroscopically identified groups with more than three spectroscopic members. We identify 2196 spectroscopic redshifts of member candidates in these X-ray systems. The X-ray luminosity (LX)–velocity dispersion ( ) scaling relation of the COSMOS X-ray systems is consistent with that of massive X-ray clusters. One of the distinctive features of the COSMOS survey is that it covers the X-ray luminosity range where poor groups overlap the range for extended emission associated with individual quiescent galaxies. We assess the challenges posed by the complex morphology of the distribution of systems with low X-ray luminosity, including groups and individual quiescent galaxies, in the Lx–σv plane.


After primary grinding of ores in Yongping Copper Mine, liberation rate of copper minerals reaches 80% to 85% , which could be collected quickly by using high selective collector EXP, meanwhile selective flotation with open - circuit was introduced to achieve selection of low - grade pyrite concentrate and improve S recovery and to avoid S from being heavily depressed when middlings is circulating. Cu quick selective flotation with open - circuit has achieved ideal lab - trial targets and adaptability validation trial has achieved expected results to be hopefully applied in industrial purpose.


The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum mixing ratio of skim latex serum (SLS) to palm oil mill effluent (POME) for biohydrogen production under thermophilic temperature (55oC) by using thermophilic mixed cultures. Batch co-fermentations were carried out at various mixing ratios of SLS to POME (95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, 70:30, 65:35, 60:40, 55:45 and 50:50 (%v/v)) without supplementation of additional nutrients. The result shows that the optimum mixing ratio of SLS to POME was 75:25 (%v/v) with high hydrogen content, hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production yield of 27.1±0.8%, 19.6±0.3 mL H2/d and 35.0±1.2 mL H2/g-COD, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen production yield achieved from co-fermentation was 1 and 5 times higher than that achieved from individual fermentations of SLS and POME, respectively. Propionate and butyrate were the major soluble end-products with concentrations 38.20±0.63 mM and 24.35±0.00 mM, respectively. Therefore this research work demonstrated significant feasibility of anaerobic dark co-fermentation of SLS and POME to enhance biohydrogen production. However, further nutrient optimization could be investigated in order to further increase hydrogen production yield.


The acoustic signal generated by a uniformly moving edge dislocation is interpreted as the linear response of the crystal to the excitation produced by this motion. The proposed approach is based on the atomistic model of Frenkel and Kontorova, but the rigidity of the substrate is here removed. The expectation value of the atomic displacement induced in the crystal is thus directly evaluated in terms of lattice dynamics via a normal mode expansion. Numerical predictions are presented for several selected dislocation velocities in a specific case. These model calculations could help in interpreting experimental results.


Recent research has demonstrated the existence of a positive relationship between IT investment and productivity in the context of large firms. However, the validity of such relationship for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has not yet been established. The issue is of critical importance for SMEs, which suffer a constant struggle for survival due to the absence of slack resources and high competitive pressures. The present study analyzes a sample of 1,700 SMEs from Spain using a sample selection model, and examines several indicators of IT investment and their impact on productivity. The results confirm for SMEs the positive relationship between IT investment and productivity previously found in large firms: the so-called "productivity paradox" does not hold true for SMEs either.


Among the legume crops of the tropics and sub-tropics red gram (tuar)
or pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is recognized as an important
crop for subsistence agriculture due to its drought tolerance, ability to
recover from the losses caused by various stresses, high-protein (20–22%)
grains, quality fodder, and fuel wood. Its ability to enrich soils further
adds to the value of the crop, and therefore, pigeonpea fi nds a valuable
place among smallholding farmers in a number of developing Asian and
African countries. According to van der Maesen (1980) the cultivated
form of pigeonpea is believed to have originated in India from its wild
relative Cajanus cajanifolius (Haines) van der Maesen comb. nov, through
a single gene mutation (De 1974). Subsequently, it spread from India into
other parts of the world at least two millennia B.C. Globally pigeonpea
is commercially grown in over a dozen countries on about 5.25 million
hectares (Table 1) and India accounts for over 80% of the total area and
production. Pigeonpea is primarily consumed as de-hulled split grains in
the form of a thick soup (dhal) eaten with rice and unleavened bread (roti
or chapati). In Africa and Central America, whole dry seeds are cooked
after soaking. Its immature but fully-grown seeds are consumed as a fresh
vegetable that can also be processed for canning and freezing.


AbstractIn this paper, the ultimate bearing capacity of two closely spaced rigid strip footings with rough base on granular soil is examined based on enhanced limit equilibrium, plastic limit analy...


Due to the movement of the main magnet, the effect of the external field is a critical problem in the joule balance. The FEM simulations of the external field both in the electromagnet system and permanent magnet system are performed in this paper. The results show that although the error caused by the external field is much smaller in the permanent magnet system than that in the electromagnet system, it still needs to be further reduced. More efficient solutions should be considered to eliminate the effect of the external field when the permanent magnet system is used.


Extrinsic trauma to the orbit may cause a blowout or orbital fracture, which often requires surgery for reconstruction of the orbit and repositioning of the eyeball with an implant. Post-operative complications, however, are high with the most frequent cause of complications being a mismatch of the position and shape of the implant and fracture. These mismatches may be reduced by computed tomography (CT) based modeling and three-dimensional (3D) printed guide. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose and evaluate a patient-specific guide to shape an orbital implant using 3D printing.,Using CT images of a patient, an orbital fracture can be modeled to design an implant guide for positioning and shaping of the surface and boundaries of the implant. The guide was manufactured using UV curable plastic at 0.032 mm resolution by a 3D printer. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by micro-CT scanning of the surgical guides and shaping implants.,The length and depth of the 3D model, press-compressed and decompressed implants were compared. The mean differences in length were 0.67 ± 0.38 mm, 0.63 ± 0.28 mm and 0.10 ± 0.10 mm, and the mean differences in depth were 0.64 ± 0.37 mm, 1.22 ± 0.56 mm and 0.57 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. Statistical evaluation was performed with a Bland-Altman plot.,This study suggests a patient-specific guide to shape an orbital implant using 3D printing and evaluate the guiding accuracy of the implant versus the planned model.


The government is the biggest producer of information and efficient management of the vast amount of data available within the government departments is of utmost importance. Due to the advent of information and communication technology (ICT), the e-government applications are being implemented to improve government functioning by exploiting ICT potential. In order to meet government data needs efficiently and effectively, the databases need to be designed conforming to standard database design principles. This research paper attempts to study the structure of existing databases used in the government departments for e-government applications. The study reveals the extent of adherence to the most basic parameters while designing the database keeping in view the long term sustainability of e-government applications.


An efficient blind equalization scheme for the Quasi-Orthogonal Time Division Multiplexed(QOTDM) system is presented.At the transmitter,the transmitted signal with a white frequency spectrum can be obtained by adding one group of QTODM sample sequences with a frequency shift to the other group,and the receiver can get two group sample sequences by filtering the received signal and the received signal with a frequency shift using a comb filter.Firstly,two groups of sample sequences are equalized blindly by the modified constant modulus algorithm(MCMA),then the output of the primary equalizer is equalized by MCMA before the deferent error is larger than the gate,and finally the equalizer adopts the algorithm of lease mean square combined with the decision feedback technique.After equalization,the inter symbol interference(ISI) can be cancelled.It is shown by Monte Carlo simulation that the new scheme can cancel the "ground effect" of the QOTDM system in the ground-air multi-path fading channel.When the Rice fading factor is 10 dB,the signal-to-noise ratio of 4 dB or so for SER of 10-3can be achieved by the scheme proposed compared with OFDM.


The broad magnitude of Venezuelan migration in Colombia was not only due to the solidity of the crisis in Venezuela, but also because the host country in its history had not faced such a phenomenon, This led the Government to put in place instant action plans because there was no specific planning to address the emergency. The effects of the migration process are varied, as they relate to health, food, work and housing. However, one of the most important and important is security, since it is the border areas that are the main areas affected by the size of the population and the conditions in which they reach these places. In addition, the measures imposed by President Nicolas Maduro have fragmented tranquillity in the neighbouring departments mainly. It is for this reason that the present essay seeks to establish the challenges to the national security of Colombia generated by the current migration crisis, for which the risks are first identified, It describes the effects and finally proposes the guidelines of a strategy focused on mitigating the impact of this phenomenon.


Empirical evaluations of trade agreements often rely on descriptive statistics or univariate time series methods to detect subsequent changes in trade flows. We conduct a more satisfactory test by evaluating an agreement in the context of a structural econometric model. Consistent with trade theory, import demand is modeled as a cointegrating relationship with income and relative price variables, where trade agreements may cause structural changes in cointegrating vectors. This approach is applied to study the effect of several U.S.-Japan market-opening trade agreements; in three of seven industries we find evidence of structural change that may be related to trade agreements.


A review of the major issues surrounding the postuse disposal of polymer composite materials is presented. Composites are compared to unreinforced plastics in terms of production volume and the technologies available for reprocessing. Not surprisingly, composites comprise a very small fraction of the plastics waste stream. In highvolume applications such as automobiles, however, there are reasons to be concerned about composites recycling. The fundamental categories of dealing with waste (burning, burying, reusing, or using less in the first place) are described in relation to plastics and composites. Reprocessing technologies with applications for composites are reviewed. For thermosetmatrix composites, processes involving regrinding waste materials and using them as filler for other polymer processes show promise. For thermoplasticmatrix composites, processes involving grinding and remolding by injection or compression molding are promising. Applications for recycled composites, without which reprocessing is futile, are also reviewed.


On sandy coastlines, foredunes provide protection from coastal storms, potentially sheltering low areas—including human habitat—from elevated water level and wave erosion. In this contribution we develop and explore a one‐dimensional model for coastal dune height based on an impulsive differential equation. In the model, coastal foredunes continuously grow in a logistic manner as the result of a biophysical feedback and they are destroyed by recurrent storm events that are discrete in time. Modeled dunes can be in one of two states: a high "resistant‐dune" state or a low "overwash‐flat" state. The number of stable states (equilibrium dune heights) depends on the value of two parameters, the nondimensional storm frequency (the ratio of storm frequency to the intrinsic growth rate of dunes) and nondimensional storm magnitude (the ratio of total water level during storms to the maximum theoretical dune height). Three regions of phase space exist (1) when nondimensional storm frequency is small, a single high resistant‐dune attracting state exists; (2) when both the nondimensional storm frequency and magnitude are large, there is a single overwash‐flat attracting state; (3) within a defined region of phase space model dunes exhibit bistable behavior—both the resistant‐dune and the low overwash‐flat states are stable. Comparisons to observational studies suggest that there is evidence for each state to exist independently, the coexistence of both states (i.e., segments of barrier islands consisting of overwash‐flats and segments of islands having large dunes that resist erosion by storms), as well as transitions between states.


The onset of spiral structure in galaxies appears to occur between redshifts 1.4 and 1.8 when disks have developed a cool stellar component, rotation dominates over turbulent motions in the gas, and massive clumps become less frequent. During the transition from clumpy to spiral disks, two unusual types of spirals are found in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field that are massive, clumpy, and irregular like their predecessor clumpy disks, yet spiral-like or sheared like their descendants. One type is "woolly" with massive clumpy arms all over the disk and is brighter than other disk galaxies at the same redshift, while another type has irregular multiple arms with high pitch angles, star formation knots, and no inner symmetry like today's multiple-arm galaxies. The common types of spirals seen locally are also present in a redshift range around z ∼ 1, namely grand design with two symmetric arms, multiple arm with symmetry in the inner parts and several long, thin arms in the outer parts, and flocculent, with short, irregular, and patchy arms that are mostly from star formation. Normal multiple-arm galaxies are found only closer than z ∼ 0.6 in the Ultra Deep Field. Grand design galaxies extend furthest to z ∼ 1.8, presumably because interactions can drive a two-arm spiral in a disk that would otherwise have a more irregular structure. The difference between these types is understandable in terms of the usual stability parameters for gas and stars, and the ratio of the velocity dispersion to rotation speed.


Video ads that tell stories have become a popular method of connecting with viewers and making them feel emotionally invested in a product or a service. Long-form videos, as opposed to shorter types of advertising like TV spots and print advertising, can persuade viewers with a sincere and compelling brand story, creating favourable brand associations. We empirically investigated the impacts of narrative transportation caused through audio-visual storytelling advertising on consumers' affective, sensory, cognitive, behavioural experiences and brand equity states using structural equation modelling in SPSS Amos 25.0. Our research supports the relationship between ad-elicited narrative transportation and various brand effects. We also evaluated the moderating effect of previous negative online purchase experiences (POPE) on all forms of advertising experience. The impact of high-quality competing advertising on the impressions formed by consumers who have had negative prior experiences and the strategies employed by brands to use negative experiences build positive equity for their brands. Discussions and implications are discussed.


Bed load sediment was caught in pit traps at several locations on a bar in Harris Creek, a cobble‐gravel stream with a nivally dominated hydrograph, a structurally highly organized bed, and very low rates of bed material transport. Observations were made during two spring freshets. In order to obtain representative grain size distributions of the material in transport, the traps were left for periods of up to 24 hours, so that samples of up to 30 kg were recovered. We examine the sensitivity of bedload flux to flow variations via trap‐specific ratings for narrowly defined textural subranges. All the ratings are very sensitive, indicating that bed load flux remains in the regime of "partial transport." The ratings also exhibited seasonal hysteresis and varied from trap to trap and from year to year. At one trap the ratings for large material are distinctly segmented, with no strong correlation for the highest flows. Significant transport for material >8 mm in size begins at ∼7 m3 s−1, considerably higher than for sand. At flows competent to move the local bed gravel the portion of the sand load between 0.25 and 0.50 mm goes into suspension (finer material being dominantly suspended at all flows). Most of the sand transported at <7 m3 s−1 is washed in from upstream while the local bed remains stable. Auxiliary tracer studies demonstrate that at no observed stage (up to mean annual flood level) was the local bed generally mobilized.


Microhollow cathode discharge,so-called MHCD,is a kind of high-pressure glow discharges where the opening in cathode is in order of 100μ-m.In this paper,we introduce the development of research on MHCD,and discuss its spectra characteristics. Finally,the potential of its application is outlooked.


An un-pumped Er-doped fiber is used as the saturable absorber to compress laser linewidth;a fiber Bragg grating with narrow reflect bandwidth and high reflection is adopted as wavelength selective device;the laser polarization state in the ring cavity is controlled by polarization controller and polarization relatively isolator;the fluctuation of the laser intensity caused by Er-ions linger oscillation is reduced using designed feedback circuit to control the input current of the 980 nm pumped source.The linewidth of the developed laser is less than 8 kHz,the relative intensity noise is less than-100 dB/(Hz)~(1/2) within the range of 10 kHz,the phase noise with one meter path-difference interferometer is less than-120 dB/Hz at 1 kHz,there is no phenomena of mode jamping observed during long time monitoring,meanwhile,the output of laser power is steady.


In the present study, we examined the impact of movement compatibility on the usability of two interaction devices for virtual reality (VR). To this end, we compared performance with the isometric spacemouse with that with the isotonic flystick, assuming that the flystick induces more movement compatibility in continuous movement and thus results in better performance. In the study, 28 subjects performed an object rotation task on a holobench with the two devices. Additionally, rotation axis and rotation degree were varied. Results showed a notable advantage for the flystick with regard to handling time (the time from the beginning of the object's appearance until the end of rotation, determined by subjects). The data support the idea that the compatibility of motor movements with the resulting (i.e. anticipated) object movements is an important determinant of usability in VR environments.


Trees were sprayed on Apr 13-14 by hand-gun (ca 1200 gal per acre). There were 4 single-tree replicates. Naked-eye counts of mites on 32 leaves per tree (two 4-leaf terminals per quadrant) were made.


The invention relates to a controllable rotary radial feeding device which is applied to cutting and chamfering equipment of steel pipes or bars. The device of the invention comprises a main shaft (3) in a hollow structure, wherein the main shaft (3) is installed on a stander (1) through a first bearing (2); a plurality of radial sliding chutes are arranged on the main shaft (3); feeding sliding blocks (4) which can slide along the radial sliding chutes are arranged in the radial sliding chutes; a feeding chain wheel (5) which is coaxial to the main shaft and can independently rotate is arranged in a position where the main shaft (3) is near to the feeding sliding blocks, and plane rectangular constant worm pitches (51) are arranged on the end surface of the feeding chain wheel (5); the feeding chain wheel (5) is installed on the main shaft (3) through a second bearing (8); and rack-shaped teeth (41) matched with the plane rectangular constant worm pitches (51) on the end surface of the feeding chain wheel (5) are arranged on the side surfaces of the feeding sliding blocks (4). The controllable rotary radial feeding device of the invention has large adjustment range, high size accuracy, good surface quality and high production efficiency, and can also be used for cutting and chamfering processing of thick wall pipes with large diameters.


Objective To compare Kugel self-expanding patch herniorrhaphy and Perfix mesh plug herniorrhaphy for adult inguinal hernia. Methods 39 cases of inguinal hernia were repaired with Kugel patch herniorrhaphy ( Kugel Group) and 48 cases repaired with Perfix mesh plug (Perfix Group) . The parameters of the two groups were collected to compare, such as characteristics of patients, operating time, early postoperative response, hospital stay, postoperative complications and recurrence rate. Results Mean age in Kugel group was significantly higher than that in Perfix group (P 0. 05). The cases of having postoperative pain, foreign body sensation and scrotal edema in Kugel group were remarkably lower than those in Perfix group (P 0. 01), and the surgical time in Kugel group is significantly less than that in Perfix group (P 0. 05). Neither Kugel group nor Perfix group were found having hernia recurrence at a mean followed-up of 12 months( ranging from 5 to16 months). Conclusions Compared with Perfix mesh plug herniorrhaphy, Kugel patch herniorrhaphy has milder pain and lower swelling response of the wound, and Kugel herniorrhaphy is a better tension-free herniorrhaphy, which could be used widely.


In the circumstances of socialist market economy,it is an effective method to solve many contradictions and problems higher education itself faces in an effective and prompt way, to strengthen cooperation of regional education, to conform the social resources and to enhance school-running quality and benefit. The cooperation of regional education is characterized by policy, market, extensiveness, flexibility and region. The strengthening of cooperation of regional education can effectively solve the main contradiction of the construction of university, is the best way of the construction and adjustment of majors in university, the essential selection of improvement of student quality and expansion of enrollment, and the important approach of the enhancing of social and economic benefits of university. It is workable to strengthen cooperation of regional education, supported by the state policy and urged by university, local government and enterprises institutions.


1) Infantile sexuality and the power of (self-) destructive forces; 2) Oedipal and pre-oedipal conflicts, which reach consciousness only in disguised and distorted form; unconscious resistances and defence mechanisms, e.g. symbolic expression, displacement, transference, projection and introjection, splitting and identification ; (main source: Interpretation of Dreams); 3) The structural model, particularly the operation of an unconscious


An Automatic Tester for Determining Degree of Ripeness of Viscose by Shigeharu ONOGI, Naoji KOMATSU and Satoru OBUCHI (Kyoto University, Kyoto) (Research Institute, Nippon Rayon Co., Ltd., Uji, Kyoto) The conventional Hottenroth index (H.I.) method for determining the degree of ripeness of viscose is very useful for viscose industries, but has a few inevitable shortcomings. In order to avoid these shortcomings and to control the ripening process more easily, an automatic tester was developed by one of us (S.O.). The principle of the tester is to record automatically the change in consistency of viscose sample during titration with salt solution; the change in torque required for stirring the sample viscose at constant velocity is converted to the change in electrical potential by means of a differential transformer device. Employing this tester, some rheological properties of viscose with added various salt solutions, especially ammonium chloride solution, were studied, and it was concluded that the conventional H.I. method did not always determine a volume of 10% NH4Cl solution by which coagulation of sample viscose just set in. On the oher hand, it was found that viscose with added ammonium chloride solution manifested thixotropic nature, and that the H.I. by the usual method represented a volum of 10% NH4Cl solution by which a viscose sample became notably thixotropic. Further studies were carried out for the practical application of this tester to the viscose industry, because it was desirable to correlate the H.I. with the characteristic point in coagulating curve obtained by this tester. It was found that when higher concentrations of viscose (viscose 30g: water 20ml) and ammonium chloride solution (13.5%) were chosen the plot of the logarithm of torque against the volume of NH4Cl solution added gave a broken straight line and the break point coincided very well with the H.I. given by the conventional method. (Received Jan. 17, 1959)


Palhae was the kingdom stood for the first time in 30 years after Koguryo goes to ruin. Today, The territory of Palhae was the southern Manchuria of China and the southern Maritime Province of Russia, the north Korea. The territory of Palhae inherited the one of Koguryo as it increased 1.5 times or 2 double. The territory can be referred to as having spread in a northeast area including the Maritime Province. On the other hand, the contents about the human-ethnical succession relation which carries out whether the people from Palhae was the posterity of Koguryo can be considered by move situation and fixing grade of the residents who resided in the Koguryo domain. It must take into consideration the fact which the residents of Koguryo after the Koguryo downfall moved in large numbers in the inland of Tang by compulsion. However quite many numbers in these were the influence which came back from the Palhae founding of the country process to the hometown again, the population which remained in the inland of Tang there was a few. Moreover, the populations who is Koguryo and Palhae was main industry it was farming, the way of a life of the residents to whom a political system like the Juhyun(zhouzian: 州縣) system also mainly carries out fixing too is reflected. Such various situations are the spatial and human of Kokuryo and Palhae, it can be said that it was carrying out proof of the succession relation strongly.


Antenna phase deflection is one of important errors of the receiver equipment in GPS posi-tioning.The values are from several millimetres to few centimetres.To have a thorough understanding the capabilities,stablities and limitations,the GSP antennas must be examined before measuring as other surveying instruments.Two methods are used to examine the deviations.Good conclusions are gained by calculating and analyzing.These antennas are reliable and the methods are feasible.They are specifi-cally described.


In 2010, reflecting the strategic institutional imperative of widening participation and enhancing transition to health programmes, a Scottish nursing community of practice (CoP), was formed to bring together academics from further and higher education, initially for a period of six months. The community was funded by the Greater Glasgow Articulation Partnership (GGAP) and underpinned by Wenger's (1988) Community of Practice (CoP) model. The CoP focused on exploration of current practice, particularly transition, articulation and the first-year experience in tertiary education.


In almost every case, socialism left behind a neglected geography, ruined industrial landscapes, masses of unsustainable urban structures, and finally, the unnatural application of an ideology into the built environment. However, only after a dozen years did people realize it was not only the physical that had been neglected; it was also the individual efforts of the citizens that were being ignored. These two things together brought pessimistic side effects into these societies. Former German Democratic Republic lands still struggle with a seemingly physical crisis, but below the surface lies a mental crisis.


Signaling Compression (SigComp) Corrections and Clarifications Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes common misinterpretations and some ambiguities in the Signaling Compression Protocol (SigComp), and offers guidance to developers to resolve any resultant problems. SigComp defines a scheme for compressing messages generated by application protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).


Objective To study the expressions of targeting protein for Xk1p2(TPX2) and thymidine phosphorylase(TP) in gastric carcinoma and to evaluate its correlation with the clinicopathological features. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of TPX2 and TP in tissues from 75 cases of gastric carcinoma(gastric carcinoma group),33 cases of atypical hyperplasia(atypical hyperplasia group) and 75 cases of normal stomach mucosa(normal stomach mucosa group). Results The positive expression rates for TPX2 and TP protein in normal control,atypical hyperplasia and gastric groups were 2.7% and 5.3%,33.3% and 39.4%,70.7% and 62.7%,respectively.There was a significant statistic difference among the 3 groups(P0.05).The positive rate of TPX2 was closely related to the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,histological grade and tumor stage(P0.05) except for age and tumor size whereas the positive rate of TP was closely related to depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,and tumor stage,tumor size(P0.05) except for age and histological grade.There was positive correlation between TPX2 and TP in gastric carcinoma(r=0.4697,P0.01). Conclusion High expression of TPX2 protein together with TP protein might play important roles in the tumorigenesis,progression and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Combined examination of TPX2 and TP might be useful in the early diagnosis and for the prognostic judgement of gastric carcinoma.


The quantitative analysis presented in this article suggests that reductions in American contributions to the defense of its allies will if necessary cause them to increase their efforts to defend themselves. This analysis should, therefore, help to allay fears that reductions in the U.S. contribution to the defense of its allies would reduce the capacity of the Western Alliance to meet direct military threats to its Western Europe and Japan. Reductions in U.S. contribution to the defense of Western Europe and Japan would, therefore, permit reductions in U.S. defense spending and/or its reallocation to increase America's military capability to respond to new threats elsewhere. It must be understood, however, that shifting the burden of defense to America's allies involves more than mere cost savings. Significant burden shifting, including the redeployment of America's forces elsewhere, will necessarily involve substantial changes in the alliance authority structure. The United States cannot make such a shift and expect to continue to dominate its relationships with its Western European and Japanese allies as it has in the past.


The UK Government's Command Paper released on 21 July 2021 urges a renegotiation of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, which forms part of the EUUK Withdrawal Agreement (WA). The EU has already indicated that a renegotiation is out of the question. In fact, this blog post argues that it would be constitutionally impossible for the EU to agree to the UK's proposals without agreeing to a radical revision of the Protocol that would endanger the achievement of its overall aims. In addition, the invocation of Article 16 (the safeguards clause) as discussed in the Command Paper would not resolve the underlying issues either and the UK Government knows this. But that leaves the question: What is the Command Paper really about?


Objective To investigate the vascular endothelial function and interventional effect of Tongxinluo capsule ultrafine in hypoxia rats model.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to following groups:control group,hypoxia model group,TXL high-dose group,TXL middle-dose group and TXL low-dose group.The rats of hypoxia model group and TXL group were underwent normal pressure hypoxia cabin,7 hours every day and 6 days every weeks,the experimental period was add up to 5 weeks.In the end of experiment,arterial blood was detected by arterial blood gas analysis instrument,the morphology of thoracic aorta was observed according to HE staining and aortic endothelial cells ultrastructure according to TEM,the content of ET in plasma was measured with radio-immunity method,the content of NO in serum was measured with nitrate-reduction method,the content of vWF in plasma was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with control group,arterial partial pressure of oxygen was lower obviously(P0.05),the content of ET and vWF in plasma significantly increased,the content of NO in the serum significantly decreased in hypoxia model group(P0.01).The Tongxinluo capsule ultrafine could increase the arterial partial pressure of oxygen of model rats(P0.05),decreased the levels of ET and vWF in plasma(P0.05),raise the levels of NO in serum(P0.01).The structure of the thoracic aorta and aortic endothelial cells ultrastructure were significantly changed in the hypoxia model group in LM and TEM.And the lesion was lightened in the TXL groups.Conclusion Hypoxia could cause structural damage and function injury of vascular endothelin in the rats model,Tongxinluo capsule on hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial damage and dysfunction with a marked improvement in the role.


This paper reviews that Shanghai Hu's gynaecology came into being,made development,and became famous.In addition,it presents Hu's experience from diagnosis and medication.


This study aimed to identify natural grouping of perfectionists as narcissistic perfectionism, neurotic perfectionism, and healthy perfectionism. This aim came from the consideration of both recent studies on perfectionism and the suggestion by Sorotzkin who argued that there were two types of perfe...


Electron field emission from allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamondlike carbon, and diamond) have been reported many times in the literature. This work explores the use of ion irradiation for improving electron field emission from carbon fibers. Carbon fibers have been irradiated with H, C, Ar, and Xe ions. Field emission characteristics have been measured as a function of ion dose. A reversible reduction in the required field for a fixed current level has been observed. The critical dose, Dc, defines the dose corresponding to the lowest field necessary to emit a fixed current (5 μA). The critical dose appears to correlate with the nuclear energy loss (collisions with atoms) of the ion in the carbon fiber. Transmission electron microscopy and parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis indicate an amorphous surface, and an increase in the sp3 content of the fiber surface to 20%–30%. A corresponding decrease in the work function is expected and may account for the improvement in electron emission.


The UMD-101MK flaw detection equipment for automated magnetic inspection of electrically welded small and medium pipes over the entire wall thickness and perimeter / A. S. Shleenkov, O. A. Bulychev, S. A. Shleenkov, D. V. Novgorodov // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. – 2019. – Iss. 6. – P. 87–101. – DOI: 10.17804/24109908.2019.6.087-101. Received: 22.10.2019 Revised: 21.11.2019 Accepted: 20.12.2019 DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2019.6.087-101


In our modern society,the pursuit of harmonious development of both outer and inner beauties of human body has become a standard by which people learn and evaluate beauty.For those college students who are about to leave school and begin their carriers,healthy body,well-built figure and elegant manners are indispensable to job hunting,in competition and making progress in the society.The survey finds out many problems among college students.Thus,it is necessary to offer the course of Form Training.In this paper,the author first analyzes current problems,and then elaborates the necessity and specific methods of how to do form training.


Learning motivation has been examined for its positive influence on learning outcomes. However, little attention has been addressed to the development of measuring instruments of learning motivation in the context of reading the Quran in Indonesian higher education. This study was designed to develop a Quran learning motivation questionnaire. The Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was applied as a theoretical framework to explore the type dan level of motivation. Participants involved in this study were 420 students. They were divided into subsample one for exploratory factor analysis (N = 200) and subsample two with confirmatory factor analysis (N = 220). The questionnaire was developed with 12 item-three factors using five points Likert scale that can measure the learning motivation in reading Quran. The results of the study show that the level of student motivation is relatively low (M= 3.12), and the intrinsic motivation type (M= 3.99) is more dominant than extrinsic motivation survival (M= 2.99) and approval (M= 2.38) with a p-value of 0.000. In addition, it was found that female students (M= 3.19) had significantly higher motivation than male students (M= 3.04), with a p-value of 0.017.


Objective:To compare the effects of blood-activating and stasis-removing prescription with different combination on mRNA expression of visfatin and adiponectin in obese rats' subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue,and explore the mechanism of blood-activating and stasis-removing prescription.Methods:Nutritional obesity rat models were duplicated by high-fat feeding and interfered with blood-activating prescription(Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction),qi-complementing and blood-activating prescription(Buyang Huanwu Decoction),or phlegm-eliminating and blood-activating prescription(Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Erchen Decoction),Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology was used to detect the mRNA expression of visfatin and adiponectin in obese rats' subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue.ELISA was used to detect the serum concentration.SAS 9.13 for Windows system was performed statistical analysis.Results:Bloodactivating could down-regulated the mRNA expression of visfatin in model rats' subcutaneous fat and visceral fat.The effects of qi-complementing and blood-activating prescription and phlegm-eliminating and blood-activating prescription on visceral fat was better than that of blood-activating prescription.But the effects of all blood-activating prescription on mRNA expression of visfatin in subcutaneous adipose tissue didn't achieve the level of statistics.Blood-activating and stasis-removing prescription could up-regulated the visfatin mRNA expression on the rats' visceral adipose tissue in the model.But all the blood-activing prescription didn't achieve the level of statistics.The qi-complementing and blood-activating prescription could up-regulated the adiponectin mRNA expression on the rats' subcutaneous adipose tissue,but there was no significant difference in the blood-activating and phlegm-eliminating and blood-activating prescription.Conclusion:There are significant differences in secretion between visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue,qi-tonifying medicine,blood-promoting medicine and phlegmeliminating medicine may have synergistic effects in the treatment of obesity,qi-deficiency,phlegm-dampness and blood-stasis have great significance in the occurrence and development of obesity.


Two previously unrecorded invertebrate trackway types, Kouphichnium . isp. indet. and Kouphichnium cf. arizonae , are described from the Middle Jurassic Saltwick Formation of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire. The trackways are considered to have been made by limulids in an interdistributary bay environment.


We investigate the spectrum of the linear operator coming from the sine-Gordon equation linearized about a travelling kink-wave solution. Using various geometric techniques as well as some elementary methods from ODE theory, we find that the point spectrum of such an operator is purely imaginary provided the wave speed $c$ of the travelling wave is not $\pm 1$. We then compute the essential spectrum of the same operator.


AIM: To study the expression of WNT5 B in the breast cancer and further to discuss the correlation between WNT5 B and clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer. METHODS: The expression of WNT5 B at mRNA and protein levels was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot in 67 cases of breast cancer and the tissue adjacent to carcinoma. In addition,the immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of WNT5 B in the breast cancer and the tissue adjacent to carcinoma. The relationships between WNT5 B expression and clinicopathologic indexes were also analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of WNT5 B in the breast cancer was obviously lower than that in the tissue adjacent to carcinoma( P 0. 05). The expression of WNT5 B at mRNA and protein levels in 67 samples of breast cancer was in various degrees. The expression of WNT5 B in T≤20 mm group of human breast cancer was obviously higher than that in T 20 mm group( P 0. 05). The expression of WNT5 B had no obvious correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis,histological grade and immunohistochemical indexes of ER,PR,c-Er Bb-2,p53 and Ki67( P 0. 05) in the breast cancer.CONCLUSION: The expression of WNT5 B decreases obviously in breast cancer. The expression of WNT5 B is related to primary tumor size,which provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer,suggesting that WNT5 B may be a new molecular marker for prognosis of breast cancer.