The basement membrane zone (BMZ) consists of multiple components, including collagen XVII (COL17), which is the major targeted antigen of pemphigoid diseases such as bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). The blistering mechanisms in pemphigoid have not been fully elucidated, especially in MMP, which mainly affects the mucosa. No research has addressed the differences in BMZ components between the skin and the oral mucosa. In this study, we investigate the differences of BMZ proteins especially COL17 between the skin and the oral mucosa to elucidate the pathogenesis of oral lesion in pemphigoid. We showed that the MMP sera react preferentially to the oral mucosal substrates than the skin substrates. As well as the diversity of the reactivity of MMP autoantibodies, it was suggested that there are certain differences between the skin and the oral mucosa as autoantigens itself. We found that the expression levels of COL17 were significantly higher in normal human oral mucosal keratinocytes (NHOMKs) than in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). The high expression levels of COL17 compensate for COL17-depletion induced by pemphigoid IgG. These results may influence the clinical differences in pemphigoid. Furthermore, using immunoprecipitation, we revealed that COL17 directly binds to collagen IV (COL4) in NHEKs and NHOMKs. In particular, the C-terminus of COL17 is binding site to COL4 in NHOMKs. MMP-IgG or monoclonal antibody recognizing the C-terminus hindered the interaction of COL17 with COL4 in NHOMKs. These results are clinically relevant to less inflammatory phenotype in MMP. The inflammatory infiltrates around perilesions were significantly less in MMP compared to BP. These results indicate that pemphigoid IgG targeting the C-terminus plays a pathogenic role in blister formation in the oral mucosa to inhibit protein interactions with less inflammation. Introduction Both the skin and the oral mucosa have several important functions, such as providing a barrier, thermoregulation, sensation and immunity to maintain homeostasis of the body. However, distinct differences exist between the skin and the oral mucosa. Structurally, the skin has a keratinized epidermis, and hair follicles and sweat glands in the dermis. The oral mucosa has two types of epithelium: non-keratinized (soft palate, under-side of tongue, alveolar mucosa, labial mucosa, buccal mucosa) and keratinized (gingiva, hard palate). In the lamina propria, there are salivary glands. The non-keratinized epithelium has a structure somewhat different from that of the skin. . Although keratin (K)5/14 are expressed in both types of basal cells, K4/13 are mainly expressed in the oral mucosa and K1/10 are mainly expressed in the skin . Secretory IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity . Isolated oral keratinocytes demonstrate accelerated migration and greater proliferation than skin keratinocytes . Although, the differences between the skin and the oral mucosa have been extensively addressed, no research has focused on the differences between these tissues in terms of their epithelial basement membrane zone (BMZ) components. The BMZ can be differentiated by transmission electron microscopy into four major subregions : 1) the plasma membrane of the basal keratinocytes, 2) the lamina lucida, 3) the lamina densa, and 4) the sublamina densa (Figure 1). Within the BMZ, multiprotein complexes called hemidesmosomes anchor keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane . Classic type I hemidesmosomes are found in the epidermis, and they consist of six major components: BP230, plectin, CD151, integrin α6, integrin β4, and collagen XVII (COL17, also called BP180) . Laminin 332 and collagen IV (COL4) are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are located in the lamina densa . Collagen VII (COL7) , which is a major component of anchoring fibrils, is found under the lamina densa 13,14 (Figure 1). In hemidesmosome assembly, transmembrane COL17 interacts extracellularly with integrin α6 15 and laminin 332 16,17 and intracellularly with BP230 , plectin 18,20 and integrin β4 . In the congenital skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa, these BMZ proteins are defective . In addition, BMZ proteins are targeted by autoantibodies in several autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases (AISBDs), such as COL17 for bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), COL7 for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and laminin 332 and integrin α6β4 for MMP . Among them, COL17 is targeted by both BP and MMP . BP is the most common AISBDs, characterized by tense blisters accompanied by urticarial erythema on the skin (Figure 2a). Mucous membranes are also affected in 10-20% of patients. MMP is a rare autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that predominantly affects the mucosal membranes (Figure 2b), but also affects the skin in some cases. In both diseases, histological analysis reveals junctional separation at the level of BMZ accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) typically shows linear deposits of IgG and/or C3, along the BMZ. The deposits of IgA are sometimes observed in MMP. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using normal human skin detects circulating autoantibodies in patients' sera (Figure 2). Although the histological and immunological findings are similar in BP and MMP, predominant involved organs differ between these two diseases. The diagnosis of BP and MMP is confirmed based on clinical findings and laboratory examinations. Reaching a definitive diagnosis for MMP is often difficult because of the heterogeneous manifestations and inconclusive biopsies. Moreover, circulating autoantibodies are detected less frequently in MMP than in BP. This has been attributed to the lower titers of the autoantibodies in MMP than in BP. There are several immunological tests for detecting the autoantibodies of pemphigoid patients, including IIF, immunoblotting and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). COL17 is a type II-oriented 1,497-amino acid transmembrane protein. It contains 15 collagenous domains and 16 noncollagenous (NC) domains . Differences in the major targeted epitopes on COL17 are reported in BP and MMP: the NC 16A domain in BP and the C-terminus in MMP. However, it remains unclear how autoantibodies targeting different epitopes induce diverse clinical manifestations. Moreover, no convincing evidence has explained why BP and MMP show the site specific manifestations. We investigate the differences of BMZ proteins especially COL17 between the skin and the oral mucosa to provide the possible reasons why predominant oral lesions occur in MMP but not in BP. For the clinical research, we firstly examined the reactivity of MMP and BP sera to the skin and the oral mucosal substrates. Subsequently, we compared the expression levels of BMZ proteins between the skin keratinocytes and the oral mucosal keratinocytes using various methods including qPCR and immunoblotting. Furthermore, we investigate the differences of COL17-interaction with other BMZ proteins especially COL4 to elucidate the blister mechanism of oral lesion in pemphigoid. Materials and methods BP or MMP patients and total IgG purification We obtained sera from 20 BP and 20 MMP patients referred to the dermatology department and oral diagnosis and medicine department of Hokkaido University Hospital from April 2012 through March 2016. MMP patients fulfilled the following inclusion criteria; (i) clinical blistering or erosion on the oral mucosa, and (ii) linear deposits of IgG and/or C3 at the BMZ by DIF. BP patients fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (i) clinical blistering or erosion on the skin, (ii) linear deposits of IgG and/or C3 at the BMZ as determined by DIF, and (iii) circulating autoantibodies against COL17 as detected by COL17-NC16A ELISA/CLEIA (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). Non-NC16A BP patients fulfilled the following inclusion criteria (i) clinical blistering or erosion on the skin, and (ii) linear deposits of IgG and/or C3 at the BMZ by DIF., and iii) circulating autoantibodies detected by full-length COL17 ELISA , but not by COL17-NC16A ELISA/CLEIA (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). DIF, IIF, 1M NaCl split skin IIF, and COL17 ELISA were performed as previously described . Total IgG was purified using a protein G affinity column according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare, Amersham, UK) (final concentrations: 20mg/ml). Mice To generate the COL17-humanized mice, human COL17-transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background) expressing the squamous epithelium-specific K14 promoter and human COL17 cDNA (mCol17, hCOL17 were crossed with heterozygous mCOl17 mice (the F1 mouse had a 129/SvEvX C57BL/6 background, back-crossed with C57BL/6 over 10 generations). Neonate C57BL/6J mice were used to generate primary murine keratinocytes. Production of recombinant COL17 Full-length human COL17 cDNA (NM-000292, Met to Pro ) was introduced into the Notl site of pcDNA5/FRT, designated as COL17 cDNA. To generate different deletion mutants, a 572-bp Xbal-digested fragment was first cut out, and the digested plasmid was self-ligated to obtain xbal-digested COL17 cDNA. Next, PCR reactions using forward primer Clal-F 5'-AGGGGTCATCGATGCTCTCACT-3' (the Clal digestion site is shown in italics) and different reverse primers, including COL17Δ1 5'-CGCTCTAGATCAGTCAGTGCCATAGGGACCCC-3' (the Xbal digestion site is shown in italics and the stop codon in bold) to generate the Met1-Asp amino acid fragment of collagen XVII designated as COL17Δ1, COL17Δ2 5'-CGCTCTAGATCATCTGAATTCAGACCCTCGCA-3' (the Xbal digestion site is shown in italics and the stop codon in bold) for Met to Arg amino acids designated as COL17Δ2 17,39 (Figure 3). Artificial split skin and mucosa using human tissues Normal human skin (NHS) and normal human oral mucosa (NHOM) were obtained from uninvolved skin or mucosa of surgical specimens. To create artificial dermal-epidermal separations


*Corresponding Author: Dr. Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Fax: +98 311 7922412 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Background: Breast is one of the main radiological sensitive organs, hence it is important to evaluate absorbed dose to this organ especially to the glandular parts. It is the aim of this study to measure mean glandular dose and image contrast in terms of different mammographic parameters. Materials and Methods: In this study two mammography machines located at Said-al Shohada (Giotto) and Shahid Behesti (GE) hospitals were used. According to the recommendations of ACR and MQSA, breast phantoms were constructed and used for this study. For dose evaluation TLD dosimetry method was used. The TLD dosimeters were of LiF type and the reader was a Solaro TLD reader. Results: To obtain a constant contrast when increasing kVp from 22 to 24, it was necessary to reduce mAs by 12 percent. The obtained relation between these two parameters is: contrast=0.2829D-0.2427. It was also found that there is a linear relationship between contrast and image quality. The relation between these two parameters is: Image quality = 28.117 Contarst + 20.134. Increasing kVp and hence decreasing mAs results a reduction to the glandular dose, especially in patients with large breast. Increasing kVp from 28 to 30 results in reduction of dose from 6.8mGy to 5mGy. Conclusions: It was found that there has been a linear relationship between contrast and image quality. It was also found that increasing kVp necessitate to reduce mAs for a constant contrast and hence reduction of glandular dose. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008; 6 (2): 7782


A rare case of chylopericardium following correction of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage (TAPVD) in a 10 month old female child is presented. Conservative treatment was successfully adopted. The Authors review the English Literature concerning this unusual complication.


Abstract. We investigate limit theorems for multivariate long-range dependent (LRD) processes. Let (Xk)k∈Z be a linear process with values in R d given by Xk = ∑ j∈Z Aj−kεj , where (Aj)j∈Z is a sequence of matrices and (εj)j∈Z are i.i.d. random vectors. We derive the central limit theorem and, under the additional assumption of general multivariate longrange dependence, a functional CLT with operator fractional Brownian motions as limit. Furthermore, we assume (Xk)k∈N to be a Gaussian multivariate LRD process and investigate a limit theorem under componentwise subordination. Using the same setting, we find the asymptotic behavior of the vector of the sample autocovariances. Of particular interest are the matrix-valued normalization sequences.


An analysis on highly discrete laser micro dissected brain regions. In developing cerebral cortex, transcriptional differences are found between different proliferative and post mitotic layers, wherein laminar signatures reflect cellular composition and developmental processes. Cytoarchitectural differences between human and mouse have molecular correlates, including species differences in gene expression in sub plate, although surprisingly we find minimal differences between the inner and human-expanded outer sub ventricular zones. Both germinal and post mitotic cortical layers exhibit front-temporal gradients, with particular enrichment in frontal lobe. Finally, many neurodevelopment disorder and human evolution-related genes show patterned expression, potentially underlying unique features of human cortical formation. These data provide a rich, freely-accessible resource for understanding human brain development.


PurposeThe current study aims to analyze the linkage among bank competition, liquidity and loan price in an interconnected bank network system.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the Lerner index to estimate bank power; Granger non-causality for estimating competition, liquidity and loan price network structure; principal component for developing competition network index, liquidity network index and price network index; and panel VAR and LASSO-VAR for analyzing the dynamics of interactive network effect. Current work considers 33 Indian banks, and the duration of the study is from 2010 to 2020.FindingsNetwork structures are concentrated during the economic upcycle and dispersed during the economic downcycle. A significant interaction among bank competition, liquidity and loan price networks exists in the Indian banking system.Practical implicationsThe study meaningfully contributes to the existing literature by adding new insights concerning the interrelationship between bank competition, loan price and bank liquidity networks. While enhancing competition in the banking system, the regulator should also pay attention toward making liquidity provisions. The interactive network framework provides direction to the regulator to formulate appropriate policies for managing competition and liquidity while ensuring the solvency and stability of the banking system.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the limited literature concerning interactive relationship among bank competition, liquidity and loan price in the Indian banks.


Monolithic Q-band high-efficiency prematch structures using 0.15 mu m double-heterostructure pseudomorphic AlGaAs-InGaAs-GaAs HEMTs have been designed, fabricated and evaluated. The structures include a 400 mu m and an 800 mu m gate-width unit, demonstrating power-added efficiency of 41.6% and 37%, respectively, which represents state-of-the-art efficiency performance at this frequency. These building-blocks can be used easily to construct high-power, high-efficiency amplifiers. The circuit design, output power and efficiency performance of the prematch structures are also presented.


The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a Finnish sauna on the immune status markers. Healthy males (20–25 years old) were divided into gropes: the trained (T; n = 10), and the untrained group (N; n = 10). All participants were subjected to 10 baths (3X15-minute with cooled down for 2 minutes). Blood was collected before the 1st and 10th sauna bath, and 10 minutes after their completion. The levels of: cortisol, Il-6, HSP70, IgA, IgG, IgM and blood cells (WBC), leukocyte populations counts: neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils were determined. No differences were found in the increase in rectal temperature, cortisol and Ig between groups. In response to the 1st sauna bath, a greater increase in HR was observed in the U group. After the last one, the HR value was lower in the T group. The impact on WBC, CD56+, CD3+, CD8+, IgA, IgG and IgM shows a differences in trained and untrained body responses. It seems that in trained people, the non-specific immune response increases, while in untrained, the specific one. Series of sauna baths can be a way of acclimation to high ambient temperatures for athletes and a solution to improve immune response.


Abstract : This report discusses the fundamental definitions associated with electronic warfare system countermeasures and the basic principles of electronic warfare system countermeasure applications, probes offensive and defensive modes associated with system countermeasures, finally synthesizing new air defense systems, and discusses the contents of electronic warfare system countermeasures.


abstract:When Bernard Shaw adapted his 1912 play Pygmalion for the British film version in 1938, his screenplay was not always faithfully represented in the resulting adaptation. What has gone largely unremarked, however, is that there were two quite different prints of the 1938 film: one for British cinema audiences and a truncated and censored version for the American market. While Shaw saw, and publicly approved of, the British print, in all likelihood he was unaware that the widely seen American print, which ironically earned him an Academy Award for his screenplay, was a much inferior version of the film. This essay examines the changes foisted on Shaw's screenplay during the process of its translation to film and then compares the British print with its American counterpart, underlining the considerable differences between the two versions.


In this paper we describe a beamforming algorithm based on widely-linear rather than linear data models. Initially, we develop this beamformer by generalizing the Capon (MVDR) optimization problem. That is, if the objective is to minimize output power while maintaining a specified directional gain, then we show that the output power of the widely-linear beamformer is less than or equal to the output power of the Capon (MVDR) beamformer. This result is valid regardless of the "true" distribution of the data. We also derive the widely-linear beamformer by considering beamforming to be an estimation problem. Linear models assume that the composite covariance matrix formed from the real and imaginary parts of the array-snapshot has a particular structure. This structure is often summarized by stating that the covariance formed from the array snapshot and its transpose (not Hermitian transpose) is zero. We could also call these data "proper" Gaussian vectors. The beamformers in this paper are appropriate for situations in which these implicit assumptions are violated.


Abdominal pregnancy is an extremely rare form of extrauterine gestation. Broad ligament pregnancy is a rare type of secondary abdominal pregnancy accounting for about 1% of ectopic pregnancy [1]. Newer advances like use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compliment ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. Its management is one of laparotomy with varying complications including poor perinatal outcome and increased maternal morbidity and mortality. There is no accepted consensus for the complete removal of the placenta at laparotomy. This case report is special in two manners—one is the live birth of a normal baby girl and second one being complete removal of placenta. © 2015-16 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 31 October 2014 Accepted 25 April 2015


Abstract : We present a new method for obtaining local error bars, i.e., estimates of the confidence in the predicted value that depend on the input. We approach problem of nonlinear regression in a maximum likelihood framework. We demonstrate our technique first on computer generated data with locally varying, normally distributed target noise. We then apply it to the laser data from the Santa Fe Time Series Competition. Finally, we extend the technique to estimate error bars for iterate predictions, and apply it to the exact competition task where it gives the best performance to date.


Scavengers work every day by interacting with waste in landfill making them a group with a high risk of contracting diseases due to unhealthy working conditions and exposure to air pollutant gases, one of which is hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S). H2S gas can cause respiratory problems for scavengers such as coughing, flu, fever, headache, shortness of breath, sore throat, and sore nose. This study aims to analyze the environmental health risks analysis of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) exposure in Jabon Sidoarjo landfill scavengers. This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The approach used is Environmental Health Risk Analysis. Measurement of H2S gas concentration was carried out in the scavenger work area. The research respondents were 46 scavengers who worked in old landfill. Data analysis using univariate analysis and risk analysis. The results for the concentration of H2S in the scavenger work area point 1 and point 2 were 0.00242 ppm and 0.00081 ppm. Analysis of the risk quotient (RQ) in real time, the next 10 years, and in real life, the result is 0.13; 0.25; 0.37. The results showed that the measurement of H2S gas concentrations in the scavenger work area was still below the provincial government's environmental quality standards. Risk quotient analysis (RQ) shows results below 1. This shows that scavengers are still safe from non-carcinogenic risks or the H2S gas produced is not at risk of causing health problems.


The current emphasis in medical education is to engage learners in deep processing of information; the aim is to achieve a better understanding of the subject-matter. Traditional approaches were more superficial and aimed for memorization of medical facts. However, a good memory for medical facts is still essential in clinical practice. This study demonstrates that deep information processing in itself enhances the memory recall of medical facts significantly. Teachers and learners employing deep processing to gain understanding are not achieving this at the expense of memory for medical facts.


VOLUME 40 . . . July 1976, reads this issue's cover page. I salute the JOURNAL OF MARKETING's fortieth anniversary. Even that household institution, Life magazine, could not survive beyond 39! Over this 40-year span, other journals dawned or demised. Meanwhile, JM's subscriptions climbed to a high of around 25,000, averaging 4,000 copies per issue outside the United States. Although not spectacular, growth has been steady. This anniversary issue is an appropriate juncture to apply hindsight and foresight in assessing JM's contributions and potential contributions to the business community. The first part of this commentary concerns JM's contributions to the business community to date. The second part addresses JM's disappointments and opportunities as potential guidelines for future contributions as they pertain to businesspeople.


The aromaticity of fourteen 3-oxo-verdazyl (1–8, 15) and Kuhn verdazyl (9–14) radicals with different substituents has been investigated computationally using the gauge-including magnetically induced current-density (GIMIC) method. The strength of the local and global diatropic and paratropic ring current has been obtained by performing numerical integration of the current density flow. Detailed studies of the current densities show that the aromatic character of the verdazyl ring obeys Huckel's aromaticity rule. The cations with formally 6π electrons in the verdazyl ring are weakly aromatic and the anions with 8π electrons are antiaromatic. The verdazyl ring of the neutral radicals is found to be weakly antiaromatic. The studied molecules sustain a significant global diatropic ring current that flows around the verdazyl and the phenyl rings suggesting that there is a strong coupling between the rings. For the 3-oxo-verdazyl cations, the global ring current is weaker. The spin-current density of the radicals is paratropic forming a ring current in the studied 3-oxo-verdazyls, whereas in the Kuhn verdazyls we found that the spin current density is mainly localized on the nitrogens. The calculated ionization potentials are also compared to the values deduced from cyclic voltammetry data.


Since congenital anomalies in the location of the intestines are rare, and operating with them puts the surgeon in unusual conditions, we consider it necessary to report the case we encountered. Patient M., 33 years old, was admitted on 28 / III-59, about constant, worsening at night pain in the epigastric region with irradiation to the lower back. The pain was often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and heartburn. A patient with low nutrition, the skin and visible mucous membranes are pale, the turgor is low. Tongue coated with white bloom. On palpation, there is a protective muscle tension and soreness in the epigastric region. No changes were noted on the part of other organs and systems.


A binary descriptor for representing 3-D tree objects is presented. This descriptor is based on chain coding. These 3-D tree objects correspond to natural existing 3-D tree structures, such as plants, live trees, blood vessels, and so on. Due to the fact that the proposed descriptor for representing trees is binary, only this kind of tree structures are considered. Three-dimensional trees are digitalized and represented by a notation called the binary-tree descriptor. Thus, 3-D trees are composed of constant straight-line segments using only orthogonal directions. Therefore, using the proposed binary descriptor it is possible to represent any 3-D binary-tree object via a chain of base-2 digit strings (0 and 1) suitably combined by means of parentheses. The proposed descriptor is invariant under translation, rotation, scaling, and can be starting-point normalized. Also, we define the complementary chain of a 3-D binary-tree object, which produces the mirror image of the tree. Note that there are many methods for representing trees. However, the proposed descriptor preserves the shape of the trees (and the shape of their branches), enabling us to know their geometrical and topological properties. Furthermore, it is a very compact method of tree representation.


This paper analyzes the robustness of input-shaped model reference control when applied to a double-pendulum crane using a linear single-pendulum crane as the reference model. The single- and double-pendulum crane dynamics are derived and then used to develop the input-shaped model reference control scheme. The robustness of the controller is enhanced to handle both parameter variations and the system order difference between the reference model and the plant. The natural frequencies of the cranes are calculated and utilized to design a three-mode zero-vibration input shaper. A Lyapunov control law using only the states associated with the first mode is derived. The robustness of the proposed controller in state tracking and oscillation suppression performances are analyzed and verified via numerical simulations and experiments. The controller has good robustness to the parameter estimation errors and the fundamental system order difference between the reference model and the plant.


The Joint Evaluated File (JEF) is a collaborative project between the countries participating in the Nuclear Energy Agency data bank, e.g., Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and United Kingdom. The JEF project is managed by a Scientific Coordination Group (SCG) and comprises the following working groups: (1) data evaluation, (2) benchmark testing, (3) radioactive decay and fission yield data, and (4) data processing (NJOY User Group). The aim of the JEF project is to provide well-validated, up-to-date nuclear data libraries for fission reactor technology applications.


The emergence of osseointegrated implants and their further validation, at the beginning of the 80's, contributed undoubtedly to oral rehabilitation as a very useful resource. Unfortunately, mainly because of the economic costs involved and despite an encouraging initial augury, they have not become in a specific therapeutic alternative for the vast majority of edentulous patients. Partial edentulism of maxillae, Kennedy's class I, & II, with all or a few teeth remaining at the sextant 2, mostly class III PDI, substantially compromised denture-supporting anatomy, generate a prosthetic challenge to overcome regarding retention and aesthetic satisfaction of these patients. In this report, we display two of them, which we believe have been successfully managed in order to fulfill both variables, by means of "conventional" removable metallic prostheses combining MGR's clasps and frictional retentive facets.


The present article is devoted to studying of ideological foundations of administrative reform in Perm Krai. The factors which have been influencing realization of the reform are considered, legal foundations and stages of reformation of public administration at the regional level are identified in the article. The authors come to the conclusion that the transformations of public administration in Perm Krai are based on stable ideological foundations and correspond to main principles of the new public management in general. Simulation of market processes within the public sector and a stress on private sector styles of management have both unquestionable advantages, and considerable shortcomings which are also analyzed in the article.


One of the most arresting periods in modern Thai history is the latter half of the nineteenth century, when a process of social and political development begun in the previous century reached its fruition when a single bureaucratic family obtained a virtual mono poly on high state office in the reign of King Mongkut (1851-68) and the first half of the reign of King Chulalongkorn (1868-1910). This situation had profound effects on the course of modern Thai history; and its study enlightens our understanding of Thailand's foreign relations and of the course of reform and modernization in a period when the successful conduct of these was crucially vital to the survival of the kingdom. The origins and growth of one-family dominance in nineteenth century Thai politics are not readily susceptible to study. Family names are essentially a twentieth century innovation, and nineteenth century documents rarely reveal even the personal names of govern ment officials who were known only by their titles. However, it is obvious both from the comments of such foreign observers as Captain Henry Burney and Sir John Bowring, and from the expressed con cerns of Thai kings from Rama III to Chulalongkorn, that family relationships among the royalty and nobility were of considerable importance political. The availability of three general types of sources makes possible a preliminary analysis of nineteenth century Thai politics and the family relationships which undergirded them. First, there are a number of genealogical compilations, most of which were compiled early in the current century. Important among these are a collection of genealogies of major noble families begun by Phraya Rattanakun (Camrat Rattanakun) in 1920/ the official genealogy of the royal family,2 and the genealogies of the families of


This article discusses the verbal behavior of the German President, Joachim Gauck, in political communications. The author analyses the linguistic-stylistic and pragmalinguistic means employed in the texts of his political speeches. Special attention is paid to the strategy of dialogue with supporters, which includes the tactics of cohesion, promises, compliments and praise, "indirect positive pressure", question formation, and behavior regulation through giving advice.


Nuclear energy is a dependable and economical source of electricity. Because fuel supply sources are available domestically, nuclear energy can be a strong domestic industry that can reduce dependence on foreign energy sources. Commercial nuclear power plants have extensive security measures to protect the facility from intruders [1]. However, additional research efforts are needed to increase the inherent process safety of nuclear energy plants to protect the public in the event of a reactor malfunction. The next generation nuclear plant (NGNP) is envisioned to utilize a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) design with an operating temperature of 650-1000°C [2]. One of the most important safety design requirements for this reactor is that it must be inherently safe, i.e., the reactor must shut down safely in the event that the coolant flow is interrupted [2]. This next-generation Gen IV reactor must operate in an inherently safe mode where the off-normal temperatures may reach 1500°C due to coolant-flow interruption. Metallic alloys used currently in reactor internals will melt at such temperatures. Structural materials that will not melt at such ultra-high temperatures are carbon/graphtic fibers and carbon-matrix composites. Graphite does not have a measurable melting point; it is known to sublime starting aboutmore » 3300°C. However, neutron radiation-damage effects on carbon fibers are poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this project is to obtain a fundamental understanding of the role of nanotexture on the properties of resulting carbon fibers and their neutron-damage characteristics. Although polygranular graphite has been used in nuclear environment for almost fifty years, it is not suitable for structural applications because it do not possess adequate strength, stiffness, or toughness that is required of structural components such as reaction control-rods, upper plenum shroud, and lower core-support plate [2,3]. For structural purposes, composites consisting of strong carbon fibers embedded in a carbon matrix are needed. Such carbon/carbon (C/C) composites have been used in aerospace industry to produce missile nose cones, space shuttle leading edge, and aircraft brake-pads. However, radiation-tolerance of such materials is not adequately known because only limited radiation studies have been performed on C/C composites, which suggest that pitch-based carbon fibers have better dimensional stability than that of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based fibers [4]. The thermodynamically-stable state of graphitic crystalline packing of carbon atoms derived from mesophase pitch leads to a greater stability during neutron irradiation [5]. The specific objectives of this project were: (i) to generating novel carbonaceous nanostructures, (ii) measure extent of graphitic crystallinity and the extent of anisotropy, and (iii) collaborate with the Carbon Materials group at Oak Ridge National Lab to have neutron irradiation studies and post-irradiation examinations conducted on the carbon fibers produced in this research project.« less


Two case studies are presented which employ the experimental technique of thermoelastic stress analysis in order to verify finite element models of components from an off-road bicycle. The design of the finite element simulations is detailed and selection of elements and loading conditions justified. The use of a thermoelastic detector with a focal plane array allows full-field maps of surface stress to be determined, which are subsequently used in an evaluation of the finite element simulations. Good agreement is shown between the simulations and the experimental data, and the paper concludes that this current generation of thermoelastic detectors provides a valuable method of validation for complex finite element models.


The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that influenced product quality of animal feed through consumer attitude towards purchase decision of animal feed in Toba Samosir regency and to investigate the extent of product quality of animal feed through consumer outlook towards purchase decision of animal feed in Toba Samosir regency. This study used a descriptive method involving 100 respondents. The data were collected using questionnaires. The obtained data were further analyzed by using statistic formula, that was using multiple regression analysis.


INTRODUCTION. This article presents effects of interuniversity programme about digital competences specialization, based on affective e-learning methodology. The educational programme originated from I+D+i project denominated Evaluation and development of two generics competences of first year Primary Education students. The group of 109 students belong to Primary Education University degree of Faculties of Oviedo, Jaen and Granada.  METHOD. After completing the design of educational programme, it applies an ad-hoc questionnaire validated by external experts. The 49 items tool has a stability of 0,786 Cronbach Alpha. This questionnaire based on Common Framework of Teacher Digital Competence of National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teachers Training. RESULTS. It shows significant differences between pretest and postest on understanding and application of digital competences abilities, in terms of improving skill of configuration, use, autonomy, analysis, search and standards compliance.  DISCUSSION. Findings endorse the effectivity of apply an affective e-learning model that adapt to preliminary knowledge and different learning pace and style of student group.


This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure (institutional, managerial and public) on accounting conservatism. This study uses quantitative research. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25.0. The data used in this research is documentary data in the form of financial reports. Variable Accounting conservatism is measured using the accrual measure, institutional ownership is measured by the percentage ratio of the number of institutional shares to the number of shares outstanding by the company. Managerial ownership is measured by the percentage ratio of the number of managers' shares to the number of shares outstanding by the company. Public ownership is measured by the percentage ratio of the number of shares owned by the general public to the number of shares issued by the company. The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 76 data. The results of this study indicate that the variable institutional ownership structure and managerial ownership structure have no effect on accounting conservatism. Meanwhile, the public ownership structure variable has a significant negative effect on accounting conservatism.


Thispaperpresents seriesand shunt compensators basedonneutral point diode clamptopology for powerquality compensation. The function oftheseries compensator istoprevent theloadvoltage variation against the abnormal voltage disturbance, suchasvoltage sagandvoltage swell attheutility side. Thefeature oftheshuntcompensator will supply ordrawactive current fromthesystem tokeepthe dcbusvoltage constant andimprove thecurrent quality atthe utility side. Theneutral point clampinverter hasless voltage stress ofpowersemiconductor comparedwiththevoltage stress ofswitching devices intheconventional full-bridge inverter. Experiments basedona laboratory prototype are presented toverify theeffectiveness andvalidity ofthe proposed control scheme.


Gravity waves (GWs) generated by orographic forcing, also known as mountain waves (MWs) have been studied for decades. First measured in the troposphere, then in the stratosphere, they were only imaged at mesospheric altitude in 2008. Their characteristics have been investigated during several recent observation campaigns, but many questions remain concerning their impacts on the upper atmosphere, and the effects of the background environment on their deep propagation. An Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) and the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar (SAAMER) have been operated simultaneously during the Austral winter 2018 from Rio Grande, Argentina (53.8°S). This site is located near the tip of South America, in the lee of the Andes Mountains, a region considered the largest MW hotspot on Earth (e.g., Eckermann & Preusse, 1999; Hendricks et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2003, 2005, 2002; Wright et al., 2016). New AMTM image data obtained during a 6‐month period show almost 100 occurrences of MW signatures penetrating into the upper mesosphere. They are visible ∼30% of time during the period corresponding to the middle of the winter season (mid‐May to mid‐July). Their intermittency is highly correlated with the zonal wind controlled by the semi‐diurnal tide, revealing the direct effect of the atmospheric background on MW penetration into the mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT, altitude 80–100 km). Measurements of their momentum fluxes (MFs) were determined to reach very large values (average for 36 events ∼250 m2/s2), providing strong evidence of the importance and impacts of small‐scale gravity waves at mesospheric altitudes.


Beginning with analysis of the constituent clements in teaching activities,the avticle expounded the coexistence of teaching problems and teaching activities,the importance,nature and characters of teachers' awareness of teaching problems.It also discussed how to foster the awareness and is very significant to better teachers' teaching theory and practice.


Coffee is one of the Indonesia's leading plantation commodities. Nowadays there is much interest to use the mixture of spices and herbs to add the characteristics of the taste and effects or efficacy of the brewed coffee. Spice coffee is a roasted coffee product that is added to a mixture of spices and brewed using hot water. One of the producer of spices coffee in Bondowoso district, Indonesia is a woman farmer group of Tanahwulan village. The product is manufactured by using various mixture of spices such as red ginger and cinnamon. This study aims to assess the financial feasibility of the red ginger and cinnamon coffee business and its development strategy so that these products are highly competitive as a quality Indonesian agro-industrial product. This research was a quantitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained by observations and questionnaires. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from various literatures. The data analysis methods used were financial feasibility analysis and SWOT analysis. The business financial analysis results explained that the business of Red Ginger-Cinnamon Coffee of Tanah wulan village was feasible to be executed. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the business could still exist if the second scenario applied with scenario of 5% increase in raw materials and 3% decrease in selling prices. Based on SWOT Analysis, the business is in the most profitable situation. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the aggressive strategy by taking advantage of existing opportunities and internal strengths of the organization.


The present invention relates to an active remedial exercise apparatus for a physically handicapped person. The apparatus comprises: a sensing unit which is dispersedly attached to a user body and has multiple muscle reaction sensors which sense and report each body part which generates a muscle reaction; an electrical stimulation unit which is dispersedly attached to the user body in order to be adjacent to the multiple muscle reaction sensors and has multiple electrical stimulation pads which apply an electrical stimulation for muscular power generation in the body part which generates the muscle reaction; exercise equipment for supporting the remedial exercise of the user; and a control unit which controls the electrical stimulation unit based on the sensing result of the sensing unit and makes the user generate muscular power for driving the exercise equipment.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been popular due to their wide range of applications in almost all walks of life including industry controls, environmental monitoring, health, transportation, military. Usually conventional sensor networks are dedicated, and private networks have little or no communication with the outside world; hence, when connected to the external world by using internet protocol (IP), they form a network of connected devices, sensors, and systems and form an internet of things (IoT). Due to rapid development of IoT infrastructures worldwide, energy demand has been increased significantly to meet the power requirements of billions of connected devices. Since WSN is a foundation of IoT; hence, IoT also inherited with the challenge of providing consistent energy and to maintain hazard-free environments. This chapter is the extension of "Energy Harvesting Models and Techniques: A Review," which focuses on possible energy sources available in ambient environment and the technological mechanism to harvest energy for WSN and IoT that promotes green energy concept.


Abstract The genus Filipinolotis Miyatake has been reviewed in this study. Descriptions and illustrations of two species (F.latefasciata Miyatake and F.purpuratorotunda Wang, Zhang & Ślipiński, sp. n.) in the Luzon island of the Philippines, are given. The male genitalia of F.latefasciata are described for the first time. A key to known species is also provided.


l Director of Integrated Applications, IBM Information Systems-software Development, and IBM Fellow. . S.B., 1962, and SM., 1962, in electrical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. l Ph.D. in electrical engineering, 1965, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; thesis: "An Analysis of Time-Shared Computer Systems." l Received the 1975 Grace Murray Hopper Award for Ph.D. thesis. l Author of An Analysis of Time-Shared Computer Systems (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.. 1966).


Introduction: Paraesophageal hernia repairs are prone to recurrence and mesh reinforcement is common. Both biologic and prosthetic meshes have been used. We report a comparison of a new type of biologically derived graft, Gentrix Surgical Urinary Bladder Matrix (UBM). Methods: The medical records of 65 patients who underwent paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR) were reviewed. Primary data points included demographics, first-time or recurrent hernia, operative approach, graft or primary repair, operative time, and postoperative complications. Patients then underwent upper gastrointestinal series, completed the GERD-HRQL symptom severity questionnaire, and the SF-36 generic quality of life instrument. Results: A total of 32 patients underwent graft-reinforced repair, 33 underwent primary repair. More patients in the UBM group were being treated for recurrent PEH. Demographic data and postoperative complications were similar. There was no difference in recurrence rates, size of recurrence, postoperative symptomatic or quality of life improvement. Patients who suffered recurrence in the primary repair group had more severe symptoms and a higher rate of dissatisfaction. Of the 3 patients with recurrences after Gentrix placement, reoperation demonstrated anterior failure where no reinforcement had occurred because of the posteriorly placed U-shaped graft. Conclusions: The use of UBM was not associated with an increased complications despite use in more difficult patients. Although there appeared to be no difference in recurrence rate or size, it was associated with less severe symptomatic recurrences. The U-shape configuration is prone to recurrence at the site of the repair not covered by the graft, suggesting that a keyhole configuration may be superior.


Voltage source inverter based active power filters are widely used for the compensation of harmonic currents, especially in industrial environments. Loads such as three-phase diode rectifiers, thyristor-based rectifiers or variable-speed drives can cause relevant harmonics up to the 50th order or even higher, depending on the line filter. Usually, the control of the harmonics is either done in multiple rotating frames, where the harmonics appear as dc values, or by resonant controllers in a stationary frame. At this, the calculation effort is rising with the number of harmonics to compensate. In this paper, a predictive current control scheme is presented. It is implemented in addition to common PI current control and used for a three-phase four-wire LCL-filter-based active power filter. Inaccuracies in the model caused by parameter variations are compensated by an additional control structure. Both structures are related only with low computational effort and are not depending on the desired number of the harmonics to compensate. Experimental tests are demonstrating, that both structures individually, and especially the combination of both, are offering a very good behavior in the steady state and in the case of load changes.


The main objective of the study was to improve our understanding of runoff response to year-to-year variations in precipitation phase and magnitude at the rain-snow transition zone. The authors addressed two main research questions related to 1) spatial and temporal distribution of surface water inputs (SWI), defined as sum of rainfall and snowmelt at the rain-snow transition zone and its variation between particularly wet, dry, rainy or snowy years and 2) the response of stream discharge to the above variations in SWI.


This essay arises from an invitation to lecture at the I Symposium on African and Afro-Brazilian Literature, at the end of the so-called Black November in Brazil. Back then, under the aftermaths of the presidential elections of 2018, I ought to discuss the enormous violence on our bodies since the old times of enslavement and colonialism in comparison with the very desperation on whites after the election. The way which has positioned me in there as a writer put me a challenge: I should position a wake for that audience (most of whites) in order for them to see a resistance to fascism that has been born because it resisted to centuries of racism. Should the whites do the same?


The research aimed to describe the experience of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and highlight social change while carrier caregiver of schizophrenia. It is a field research, descriptive qualitative approach, which occurred in Psychosocial Care Center II located in the city of Patos, Parayba. The study comprised a universe of five caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, chosen at random. The results showed that caregivers get along well with your sick, because they were able to adapt with the pathology. Although they have not much knowledge about schizophrenia, but has a lot of affection and attention with the sick, which contributes a lot to the assistance the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Reflect on Schizophrenia is to recognize the fragile family, not knowing what to do at first, but that fits the new reality, experience the disease at every point, surpasses the traumas and yearns for the health of your family.


This thesis analyse the present situation of central air conditioning monitor of energy saving system in the background of developing of central air condition monitor system and related technology.The dissertation introduces a large-scale central air conditioning monitoring of energy saying system which name is CAC-IEnet based on BACnet/Web service technique,it monitors and controls the real time measurement of temperature,humidity,pressure,flow and the other power parameters of the central air-conditioning system,the administrator can monitor the operation and environment conditions in the air-conditioning system by the web services. The overall aim of the system is to build a scalability and opening system platform,so we can achieve the combination and interaction of central air conditioning device,and share the imformation with outside through each other. This thesis introduces the developing situation of this system,intergrate with the character of BACnet,propose the principle and method of the development of system.The system which design and develop based on BACnet have very strong realization meaning and broad prospects.


SummaryAbility to predict variation in individual storage root size is essential as most root vegetables are marketed in diameter grades. There are, however, few methods that allow variability in size to be predicted. This paper describes a method for carrots and red beet, which uses a normal frequency distribution of the logarithm of each root weight plus a constant. The parameters of this distribution were relatively constant, or well correlated with the mean weight for several carrot and red beet data sets. This simple model was tested on independent data sets and there was a close agreement between observed and predicted yields in weight grades for carrots. Predictions for yields of grades of commercial interest were little affected by changes of 10% in the values of the parameters. In red beet, the independent data had been graded for diameter. Using weight grades corresponding to the diameters, a close prediction for yields in each grade was found. Thus, models that can predict mean weight of a carr...


Abstract This article investigates the cartographic origins of the idea that the territorial state is a unified, bounded, homogeneous and naturally occurring entity, in a world of equivalent but unique entities. It is noted that this image of the territorial state closely resembles the representation of islands on sixteenth‐century portolan charts, and this suggests a historical link between the Renaissance‐era imagination of islands and the modern imagination of states. The article posits that the concept of territorial unity and boundedness, which appeared on portolan charts to signify islands as obstacles amidst maritime routes of movement, migrated in the late sixteenth‐century to form the basis for representing the emergent concept of the territorial state. It is suggested that the conceptual and aesthetic links between these representations of islands and states has led to an ongoing dilemma for those who seek to comprehend (or cartographically represent) islands that are divided between multiple states.


The developed method (DM) allows to perform experiments in shorter time with reduced amount of sample and reagent for fatty acids (FA) determination in fermented milk samples. Design Expert software was employed to discover the greatest sonication time (7 and 20 min) and concentration for alkaline and acidic reactions (0.70 and 1.5 mol L). Validation procedures were applied in yogurt samples with diverse fat content, ranging from 1.22 to 2.83%, being in agreement with acceptable values. Besides, the intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) (1.86%) and interday RSD (4.23%) values confirmed the good accuracy of the proposed method for FA derivatization.


This final report on the AiF-project No. 12544 N is concerned with the development of a micro structured sensor array for the temperature measurement in injection moulds. For this purpose, on zirconium oxide substrates showing low mass and low heat capacity arrays of titanium-chromium thermocouples were generated by UV-lithography and selective etching. The contour of the sensors was cut by laser ablation of the ZrO 2 substrates. The chosen dimensions of the structures allow for a high local resolution, e.g. the width of the strip conductors is about 40 μm. Owing to the sensor thickness of 125 μm and the low heat capacity of ZrO 2 , the thermal mass can be neglected and hence the time resolution is fine enough to detect the rise of the temperature by more than 200 K, the reheating of the melting by friction in the runner system and the change of heat transmission after termination of the holding pressure phase. Different variations of the fundamental design were realized: e.g. polyimide insulating lavers, a comb structure between the thermocouples, different thicknesses of the strip conductors and a few more, partly to minimize the heat transport between the measuring points. The sensors were calibrated in an oil-bath and put in a specially constructed injection mould. By variation of the parameters injection time, holding pressure time and holding pressure the temperatures in the injection mould over the entire injection molding cycle were detected for natural polypropylene and glass fibre reinforced polypropylene. From the time derivative and the gradient of the temperature distribution the thermal diffusivity was calculated and compared with values obtained from laboratory measurements. The thermal diffusivity determined in the injection moulding processes was used to carry out simulations with the program CADMOULD and to compare them to values delivered by the manufacturers. The experimental thermal diffusivities exhibits an inaccuracy up to a maximum of 15 % in the relevant sensor sector (in the centre of the sensor up to 5 % ) and are comparable with the thermal diffusivities calculated on the basis of laboratory values. The sensors were tested to be mechanically stable also when injection moulding glass fibre reinforced polypropylene. The whole thermocouple structure was not affected and was not peeled off from the sensor substrate in any case. With these findings, the main goals of the project were reached despite a few unexpectable problems during the optimization procedure and those which arose when combining the single process steps. New essential material and process knowledge was generated. During the project there was a strong response of companies and research institutes. Especially small and middle enterprises which produce sensors, but also polymer manufacturers, service enterprises and machine producers showed strong interest, because on one hand now methods for the validation of the injection moulding simulation and on the other hand, a sensor with a broad range of applications has now become available.


In my bachelor thesis I engaged in the design of lighthouse hoarding for the town Napa-jedla. Main aim is to make town visible, attract some visitors to the town centre and in-crease accumulation of local people. My work consists of some parts like reflection about lighthouse itself, its variety, its appli-cation and some existing building this sort. Otherwise I look for inspiration in air-objects. In the design I work with a product of company Fatra and this way it is used as hoarding. In the same time my next aim is to remind work of designer Libuse Niklova and pay tribute to her. She is connected with Fatra and Napajedla and besides that she made a design of giraffe I work with. As a result there is made a complete set prepared for realisation. I got a lot of information and knowledge because of some consultations with experts, companies and offices.


This paper presents the results of the INTEGRATE project which focused on creating a structured human factors design approach for integrated system design. The three stages of the INTEGRATE design process are described: system definition, identification of potential conflicts and their likely impact, and the resolution of these conflicts through human-machine interface (HMI) design. The paper concludes with a discussion regarding input from the automotive industry regarding the implications the approach would have for current design processes.


This paper uses a general equilibrium model to examine an economy in which firm managers seek to maximize their individual firm's value through the costly adjustment of their capital stock in response to economic shocks. These economic shocks impact both the number of capital units each firm has and how productive each unit is. The ultimate value of these corporate assets is determined by risk averse investors that trade in a competitive multiple security market. Because capital stocks change slowly over time, the relative return to owning them does as well. This generates both cross sectional and intertemporal return patterns in which economic shocks lead to large returns, followed by what appear to be long term abnormal returns in the other direction. Stock returns appear to display a number of long run cross sectional and intertemporal patterns. One of the most studied is probably the tendency for returns to increase in a firm's book-to-market ratio and decrease in its size (Fama and French (1992)). But there are others. Marsh (1982), Asquith and Mullins (1986), Mikkelson and Partch (1986), Jung, Kim and Stulz (1996), and Baker and Wurgler (2002) all find that following a new equity issue a stock's return is lower than one might otherwise forecast. At the opposite end Ikenberry, Lakonishok, and Vermaelen (1995) find that after a firm engages in share repurchases it tends to have above normal returns. The negative relationship between net equity issuance and subsequent returns is further confirmed in both the U.S. (Fama and French (2007) and Pontiff and Woodgate (2008)) and international (McLean, Pontiff, and Watanabe (2008)) markets. Most importantly for this paper, Titman, Wei and Xie (TWX, 2004) show that the equity issue and repurchase findings are in fact tied to a firm's investments. Firms that invest today tend to have lower returns going forward and visa versa (also see Lyandres, Sun, and Zhang (2007) and Xing (2007)). The goal of this paper is to provide an explanation for this phenomenon in a tractable general equilibrium framework and to generate a number of new testable cross-sectional predictions. In the model both firms and investors play an active role in the determination of equilibrium prices and thus expected returns. Firms create goods and services across a number of industries by employing industry specific capital that varies over time. One source of this variation comes from employing individuals. These employees sell their human capital to the firm which then converts it to corporate capital. Another source of variation comes through the direct purchase and sale of capital in the financial markets. 1 Lyandres, Sun, and Zhang (2007) find that an investment factor explains most of the new issues puzzle, reducing 75% to 80% of SEO and IPO underperformance. Motivated by the Q theory, Xing (2007) shows that an investment growth factor does about as well as the value factor, driving out the value effect.


The luminescence of silicon nanoparticles has been an active area of study for a
number of years. These nanoparticles luminesce when excited by ultraviolet (UV) light
in the ~340 nm region, displaying either a blueish or a reddish colour. The control and
origin of these colours has been debated, with researchers such as Veinot, Kauzlarich and
Tilley claiming that the luminescence can be controlled with the use of nitrogen. In this
thesis, a new synthetic procedure is presented that improves upon the established inversemicelle
technique by replacing the methanol or ethanol quenching agent with copper
chloride. It is found that this new technique lowers the level of surface oxide present in
the form of alcohols on the surface of the nanoparticles, giving blue luminescent particles
with improved surfaces for further chemistry.
Photoluminescence studies are also performed on samples of silicon nanoparticles
synthesised by electrochemical etching, using a variety of oxygen-containing compounds
to probe the behaviour of the photoluminescence spectrum. It is found that there are typically
five Gaussian peaks present in a typical spectrum; occurring at 405 nm, 430 nm,
460 nm 485-90 nm, 500 nm, and 640 nm, subsequently labelled a, b, g, e, and z . It is
also found that molecular oxygen increases the b peak and suppresses the z peak, and
that water has the opposite effect on these two peaks. It is shown that the peaks a, b,
and z are all due to a single site on the surface of the silicon nanoparticle, corresponding
to the cases when the site is oxide-free, occupied by molecular oxygen, and water,
respectively. It is also hypothesised that the luminescence can be controlled via the use
of compounds of different sizes and polarities, with electron-withdrawing molecules increasing
the blue luminescence, and electron-donating molecules increasing the red. g
and e are used as normalising peaks to compare between samples, and are not affected
by oxygen.


Based on the theory of socialized production of commercial goods brought forward by Marx,this paper describes the connotation of the development of highly-socialized modern forestry and analyzes the history and actuality of the development of Chinese forestry socialization;and puts forward that the construction of modern forestry in China be promoted by socialization.


Some day somebody will write a piece on scholarly tourism, an awkward term that refers to the travel patterns and activities of, among other practitioners, tourism and hospitality scholars away from their usual environments, for purposes of attending seminars, conferences or congresses. Conferences and congresses are an important component of tourism overall and, according to the messages one gets from professional networks such as Trinet or from conference reviews in specialized journals and magazines, tourism scholars are doing their bit not to lag behind other guilds in conference consumption. The number of conferences is becoming staggering and they no doubt engage thousands of people every year.


The outcome of pregnancies in insulin-dependent diabetic women is clearly related to the tight control of diabetes obtained by the optimum use of insulin to achieve 24-h normalization of maternal blood sugar. In selected cases of gestational diabetes the perinatal mortality and the general outcome of pregnancy also may be dramatically impaired.' However, assessment of treatment in these instances remains ill defined and a matter of debate. The diet followed by the pregnant mother may have a direct effect on the fetus, and insulin treatment in selected samples of the population may modify endocrine parameters in the neonate. However, general application of health care may also improve perinatal survival, and perinatal mortality is decreasing rapidly in many reported populations. The rapid reduction is well substantiated for France, where perinatal mortality dropped from 31.2 per thousand live births in 1958 to 15.7 in 1976. The overall birthweight pattern also changed. The birthweight at the 50th as well as the 90th percentiles for 37, 38, and 39 wk of gestation for males and females showed a definite lower trend in 1976 than in 1972. The difference was more noticeable at the 95th percentile at 38, 39, 40, and 41 wk of gestation and attained a lower weight of at least 140 g for males at 40 and 41 wk. Recommendations concerning rest (quit working) and diet (especially low salt) were prescribed to 34% and 40% of the women, respectively. Diabetes has been diagnosed in 0.3% of the pregnancies in 1972 and 1.2% in 1976. Even in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes, a reduction of perinatal mortality will be noticed presumably in relation to the improvement in general health care. How much the diabetic and especially the gestational diabetic woman benefits from this improvement is not easily apparent. There is an overall decrease of perinatal mortality in the Pima Indians, even in the presence of a high prevalence of diabetes.


The transient behavior of the near‐field distribution generated by a time‐dependent current applied to p‐n junctions at forward bias is investigated. The configuration treated corresponds to that of p+pn GaAs diode in FABRY‐PEROT structure. Within the framework of the assumed model, the spatial and temporal distribution of the near‐field on the diode side faces are described, and these are in complete accord with with the experimental findings. The main result is a physical picture of the extent of the so called 'Phase Inhomogeneity Effect' which turns out to be a valuable tool for investigating deviations of the minority carrier distribution from equilibrium.


The paper describes the application of vacuum preloading in combination with surcharge preloading to improve soft soils for large working load in the storage area of Phase Ⅱ of Nanjiang Coal Terminal of Tianjin Port.Analysis is made on the result of the improvement and it is concluded that the technique of vacuum proloading in combination with surcharge preloading can be used to improve soft soils for large working load and the result can be remarkable.


Background: Due to a high surgical risk, endovascular repair of the basilar artery (BA) aneurysm is considered the primary option for most of the cases. However, procedure related complications, clinical outcome and rate of recurrence in BA bifurcation aneurysms are not specifically addressed. Objectives: is to describe the incidence of endovascular procedure related complications, recurrence of aneurysm and long-term clinical outcome of BA aneurysm.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent endovascular repair of BA bifurcation aneurysm were enrolled from 2007 to 2010. Patient's demographics including the Hunt & Hess (H&H) grade, Fished scale, and size of aneurysm were collected. Complications including aneurysm rupture, intracranial hemorrhage or thromboembolic event were recorded. Additionally, 90-days outcome measurement was obtained using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Results: 36 patients with a mean age of 50 plus-minus 14 years required 48 successful procedures to treat 36 BA bifurcation aneurysms. Ruptured aneurysm was present in 20 cases (H&H I in 6, II in 4, III in 4 and IV in 6). 30 patients (83%) had wide neck aneurysm, 25 (69%) of which required stent in order to secure the aneurysm. There was no intraoperative rupture of aneurysm or thromboembolic event. However, one patient developed diplopia with visual incoordination on day one and other developed diplopia due to a small pontine stroke while stopping clopidogrel on post operative day 30 of stent-assisted repair. Both patients recovered completely with no disability. Ten patients (28%) had recurrence of aneurysm and required subsequent procedure. In recurrent aneurysms, repeat procedures had no negative impact on the clinical outcome. One patient died (GOS 1) who initially presented with H&H IV and never recovered. Good outcome was observed in 32 (89%) patients (GOS 5 in 31, GOS 4 in 1) including all unruptured cases and 3 of 5 ruptured BA aneurysm patients who presented with H&H of IV. Poor outcome was observed in 3 (8%) patients (GOS 3 in 3, 2 of which presented with H&H IV).

Conclusion: Endovascular repair of the BA bifurcation aneurysms are associated with good clinical outcome despite requirement of multiple procedures to complete the treatment. However, the recurrence of aneurysm is very high. Therefore, a very close angiographic follow-up is necessary.


Peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase (PAM) catalyzes the C‐terminal amidation of glycine‐extended peptides, a modification essential for the full activity of several peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. The amidation reaction is carried out sequentially by the two domains of PAM (peptidylglycine α‐hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and peptidyl‐alpha‐hydroxyglycine alpha‐amidating lyase (PAL)). Investigating the structural and functional relations between the two domains as well as identifying the intermediates of the catalytic cycle is crucial to understating the catalytic reaction of PAM. Recently, the X‐ray structure of the isolated PAL domain was determined, complementing a series of X‐ray structures of PHM. The crystallographic studies of the catalytic cores, alone and in complex with substrate analogs and various small ligands, combined with mutational and kinetic studies provide insight into the mechanism of both catalytic steps.


A study of French and German curricula of secondary schools have shown that arguments of plausibility and arguments of necessity are both encouraged in mathematic teaching. We show that the mathematics textbooks used in to these curricula give examples of argumentations and proofs involving both kinds of arguments. These examples illustrate the theoretical frame presented in this paper and chosen to explain the use and the combination of arguments which can be understood through the concept of function of validation.


Cultural beliefs and architecture have been recognized as having a strong relationship. However, a gap in knowledge exists regarding the interaction between culture and spatial organization in domestic architecture. This research used case methods to explore the impact of cultural factors in forming and designing detached houses and apartments in Jordan. Specifically, this article aimed to explore the sociocultural impact of privacy on spatial hierarchy and spatial organization in order to ascertain sociospatial designs in Jordanian culture. The data were collected through a comprehensive analysis of plans, images, direct observation, and in-depth interviews with Jordanian household residents. The data were analyzed socially and spatially with regard to circulation, privacy, security, and spatial arrangement of indoor and outdoor spaces. This research found that cultural factors and overall traditions affect detached housing design more than apartment design in Jordan. Also, cultural beliefs and traditions in Jordan are strongly reflected in people's values, practices, activities, and the level of privacy needed in a given home. Therefore, privacy becomes a social, religious, and personal need that Jordanian domestic architecture should accommodate. Because culture shapes humans' worldviews, and then both culture and worldview build social and personal values to define lifestyle, clearly determine specific activities, and set residents' requirements for the design of the components of space requisite for cultural recognition. This research recommends that housing designers should adapt to the cultural practices, beliefs, and privacy needs of a given people when designing homes. Future research is needed to replicate the study for an authentic perspective on a cross-cultural basis.


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows noninvasive visualization of individual retinal layers and has become a mainstay in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of retinal and systemic diseases. As the number of available treatments increases, there is growing interest in developing sensitive OCT-based biomarkers for assessing therapeutic response. In particular, the hyperreflective outer retinal band just posterior to the external limiting membrane, also known as the ellipsoid zone (EZ), is a widely used biomarker of photoreceptor structure. The integrity of the EZ, EZ lesion size, and width/area of retained EZ are established metrics that have been correlated with visual acuity and other aspects of retinal function (e.g., microperimetry and electroretinography). More recently, EZ reflectivity has emerged as a potentially more sensitive biomarker of photoreceptor structure, as reflectivity has been shown to undergo changes in retinal degenerative conditions prior to more marked changes in EZ integrity. However, multiple challenges exist that prohibit widespread clinical utilization. Interdevice variability can impact OCT image appearance due to differences in hardware, acquisition parameters, and image processing methods. In addition, image analysis practices vary widely across studies—this lack of standardization prevents robust comparison of results between studies and inhibits more widespread adoption of extracted biomarkers. Finally, there is ambiguity as to how well EZ intensity/reflectivity correlates with underlying photoreceptor structure as assessed with adaptive optics-based imaging methods. Here we review these challenges and discuss their impact on the use of EZ reflectivity measurements. Translational Relevance Qualitative evaluation of the ellipsoid zone band on optical coherence tomography is a valuable clinical tool for assessing photoreceptor structure, though more quantitative metrics are emerging. Awareness of the challenges involved in interpreting quantitative metrics is important for their clinical translation.


We present period‐luminosity relations for more than 23 000 red giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud observed by the OGLE-II microlensing project. The OGLE period values were combined with the 2MASS single-epoch JHKS photometric data. For the brighter stars we find agreement with previous results (four different sequences corresponding to different modes of pulsation in asymptotic giant branch stars). We also discovered two distinct and well-separated sequences below the tip of the red giant branch. They consist of almost 10 000 short-period (15 < P < 50 d), low-amplitude (AI < 0.04) mag red variable stars, for which we propose that a significant fraction is likely to be on the red giant branch, showing radial pulsations in the second and third overtone modes. The excitation mechanism could be either Mira-like pulsation or solar-like oscillations driven by convection.


The oil and gas sector is a key driver of the Canadian and Albertan economies. Directly and indirectly it typically accounts for roughly half of Alberta's GDP, as well as one-third of the country's business investment and a quarter of business profits — and rising global demand will only add to these figures. However, that energy sector is also a changeable place populated by companies of all shapes and sizes, from small Emerging Juniors to wellestablished Majors whose daily production capacities are hundreds or thousands of times greater. The sector's assorted firms have different structures and ambitions, respond in distinct ways to market forces and have unique impacts on the economy. These differences in size, role and performance must be reflected in energy and related economic policies if they are to be effective in achieving policy goals. For example, they must recognize that the smallest firms are not always the fastest growers or the most innovative; that Intermediates are the most highly leveraged, with the highest debt-to-equity ratios; and that while Majors tend to have the lowest average cost per well drilled, they also (along with Emerging Juniors) have the highest operating costs. Despite the industry's critical importance, relatively little hard data has been made available concerning companies' structure, behaviour and performance, based on size. This paper goes a considerable way toward filling that gap, bringing together comprehensive datasets on 340 public oil and gas firms to chart essential patterns and trends, so policymakers and industry watchers can better understand the complexity and functioning of this important sector.


Examples of non-local phonological processes that are bound by prosodic domains are expected in the world's phonologies. In other words, we should anticipate cases where the metrical foot constrains vowel harmony. Intuitively, it seems like a natural interaction. However, the notion of vowel harmony bound by the metrical foot has only been sparsely proposed in the literature (Abu-Salim 1987, Hualde 1989). Both of these analyses antedate the most recent widely accepted framework in phonology, Optimality Theory (OT, Prince and Smolensky 1993). In this paper, I analyze an asymmetric instance of this expectation within OT, which to the best of my knowledge, has yet to be undertaken. This dependency is asymmetric because harmony is bound in only one direction by the metrical foot. Following Abu-Salim (1987), I contend that regressive spreading of the feature class color is constrained by the metrical foot edge in Palestinian Arabic (PA). Color is defined as the feature class containing both [back] and [round] (Odden 1991, Selkirk 1991, Padgett 1995a). I account for this fact by adopting the constraint CRISPEDGE (Ito and Mester 1999), which was formulated as an


The welfare of the population in Indonesia can be measured through the level of economic growth (GDP). The open economy implemented in Indonesia indicates trade between countries, which in turn has an impact on the rupiah exchange rate, export-import activities, world oil prices, and foreign investment to carry out a policy. As a result of the existence of a trade war between China and America that made Indonesia's economic growth also affected. This study aims to examine how the influence of the exchange rate, world oil prices, China's economic growth, American economic growth, and foreign investment on the level of economic growth in Indonesia through agricultural exports, industrial exports and imports. The data used is the annual time series from 1975 to 2018. In this study using the method of simultaneous regression analysis with E-views program 8. The results of this study indicate that all variables have a significant effect on the level of economic growth in Indonesia except American economic growth. This study suggests that the policies undertaken can stabilize the exchange rate of the rupiah, investment, international trade which in turn has an impact on productivity so that it can increase Indonesia's economic growth.


Introduction Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelium. MM has a poor prognosis with a median post-diagnosis survival of 12 months. Currently, MM is treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, resulting in side-effects to the patient. Hence, efforts have been focused on genetically analysing MM tumours to improve treatment specificity. Genetically, MMs are characterised by the loss of key tumour suppressor genes such as NF2. NF2 functions as a member of the Hippo signalling pathway. The Hippo pathway consists of a tumour-suppressive kinase cascade which inactivates the proto-oncogenic transcription factors YAP and TAZ. NF2 up-regulates the Hippo pathway kinases to reduce the activity of YAP/TAZ. Hence, NF2 mutant MMs may exhibit hyperactivity of YAP/TAZ, driving oncogenic processes. So, YAP/TAZ may be ideal therapeutic targets for treating NF2 mutant MMs. Material and methods A panel of 7 MM cell lines and one wildtype mesothelial cell line were used to assess the potential for selectively targeting YAP/TAZ to treat MMs with mutations in NF2 or in the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2. YAP and TAZ activity was abrogated in the cell lines using siRNA-mediated knockdown or using chemical inhibition with the drug compounds Verteporfin or Simvastatin. The viability of cell lines 96 hours post YAP/TAZ inhibition was measured using an Alamar blue viability assay. Statistical comparisons of cellular responses to YAP/TAZ inhibition were conducted using an unpaired student's t-test. Results and discussions The effect of YAP/TAZ inhibition on the viability of a panel of 7 MM cell lines and a wildtype mesothelial cell line (Met5A) was assessed. Hippo pathway mutant cell lines showed the highest sensitivity to YAP/TAZ knockdown, however, two non-mutant MM cells also showed considerable sensitivity, indicating that there wasn't a statistically significant dependence of mutant cell lines on YAP/TAZ for viability. Mutant cell lines did not show selective sensitivity to Simvastatin or Verteporfin, suggesting that these compounds may not be ideal treatment options. However, these observations were likely confounded by the heterogeneity of the panel of cell lines. As such, an isogenic system of NF2 mutant Met5A cells was developed to validate the findings. Conclusion Based on our findings, YAP and TAZ may not be ideal targets for treating Hippo pathway mutant MMs. However, the use of an NF2 mutant isogenic MM cell line system will provide a definitive outlook on their feasibility as therapeutic candidates.


Electromagnetic real distribution function is obtained by solving electromagnetic wave equation with special method.With the real distribution function,photon energy and momentum are calculated,the size of photon is about 2λ,and the plane wave is superposition result of innumerable photons.If the real function describes photon with,we extrapolate that the complex solution could describe the special energy quantum of h/2.


Music (and sound in general) may not seem to be an obvious choice for criminological consideration, but there are
promising areas of analysis in the relationship between sound, music, rights and harm . There are connections between music and crime beyond the obviously criminogenic ones of copyright and peerto-peer file sharing, for example, towards wider harms that can be scrutinized in the interplay of the state, state agents and
corporations


This paper summarizes research conducted by the authors who served as the ad-hoc Disbursement Task Force created by NCPlenty, Inc., the non-profit managing agency for a local currency system in central North Carolina, USA. NCPlenty, Inc. began printing a scrip-based local currency called the PLENTY in October 2002. The PLENTY, or Piedmont Local EcoNomy Tender, is based on the Ithaca HOURS currency and has faced circulation and distribution issues similar to other HOURS-based systems in the US. While at the start of the PLENTY's first year of circulation the number of participating individuals and businesses nearly doubled and a vibrant exchange network existed, by the end of this year the growth seemed to plateau rather than continue to expand. This paper examines the hindrances to distribution and circulation within the PLENTY community economy, offers proposals for improving the currency, and relates the lessons of the PLENTY to other complementary currency endeavors. International Journal of Community Currency Research. Vol.9, pp.1-20 3 Helping Everyone Have PLENTY: Addressing Distribution and Circulation in an HOURS-based Local Currency System


According to the IEC standards, test objects in back-to-back capacitor bank switching tests are subjected to inrush currents of 20 kA peak and 4250 Hz frequency during making operations. For vacuum interrupters (VIs), the contact surfaces may be seriously damaged by the high-energy arc of the inrush current. The field emission current characteristics reflect the surface microscopic conditions after undergoing the inrush current. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the inrush current during back-to-back capacitor bank making operations on the field emission current characteristics of vacuum interrupters under AC power frequency voltage. The amplitudes of the inrush current were set as 10 and 20 kA, respectively. The sample VIs underwent the inrush current at each amplitude twice. After each inrush current, the field emission current of the VI was measured by applying a power frequency voltage upon the contacts with a fixed gap of 1 mm. By applying an AC power frequency voltage, an unsymmetrical field emission current was measured. In addition, according to the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) theory, the field enhancement factor β and the effective emission area Ae were calculated. The experimental results show that there is a significant unsymmetrical field emission current at each polarity of the power frequency voltage. Moreover, during the voltage rising phase, the field enhancement factor β is higher and the effective emission area Ae is smaller than that during the voltage falling phase for both positive and negative voltage polarities. A heating-cooling hysteresis effect of the emission sites could explain the phenomena.


Adjusting to an amputation can often times be difficult for the body. Post-surgery, amputees not only have to incur expensive rehabilitation treatment costs, but also have to wait for up to several months before receiving a properly fitted prosthesis. We developed a mixed-reality training environment where amputees can train, at their own time and convenience, and interact with holographic objects, while also receiving tactile and proprioceptive feedback. We incorporate positional information through inertial sensors, touch and proprioception information through vibrational feedback, all integrated into an augmented-reality (AR) environment viewed through the Microsoft HoloLens TM. Training tasks were designed to account for limb rotation and object relocation in a three-dimensional space with a correct palm orientation essential for an intuitive grasp and release of objects. Our results showed an improved performance in training time, overshoot and completion rate with vibratory feedback (of both touch and proprioception) over without feedback. Furthermore, EMG activity was analyzed to estimate the muscular effort during each task.


Background: The problem of eating difficulties in toddlers is a common thing. Knowledge and attitudes that exist within a person are the main factors that can affect behavior. This includes the mother's method of feeding the child, regulating the atmosphere at mealtime, the variety of food provided by the mother and the type of food, the timing of feeding and the frequency of feeding the child. Mother's behavior if based on good knowledge will encourage mothers to provide optimal results in fulfilling nutrition for children. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between the factors that affect the behavior of mothers in fulfilling nutrition for toddlers aged 3-5 years in Bahagia Village. Methods: This research used a quantitative design with observational analytics and a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers with toddlers in Bahagia Village with a total sample of 126 respondents. This study uses the Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique and data analysis using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results of research conducted on 126 respondents, showed a significant relationship between mother's education, mother's knowledge, and family support with the p value of mother's education (p = 0.007), mother's knowledge (p = 0.008), and family support (p = 0.008) =0.000. Conclusion: Factors that significantly affect the mother's behavior in providing nutrition of children age 3-5 years are mother's education, mother's knowledge and family support.


A comprehensive dynamic diffusion model is developed to calculate the diffusion coefficients of low molecular weight penetrants (i.e., α-olefins) in semi-crystalline polyolefins from dynamic sorption measurements. The model also takes into account the extent of polymer swelling on the penetrant diffusion flux, resulting in a moving boundary value problem. The free volume theory is employed to calculate the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the penetrant concentration. The solubilities and diffusivities of ethylene and propylene in semi-crystalline high density polyethylene films were measured at different temperatures and pressures, using a Rubotherm® magnetic suspension microbalance operated in series with an optical view cell for the measurement of the degree of polymer swelling. It is shown that model predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental dynamic measurements on the mass uptake of the sorbed species. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed model can predict correctly the diffusion coefficient of α-olefins in semi-crystalline polyolefins.


Postmenopausal osteoporosis is becoming an urgent health problem in China. A once‐yearly infusion of zoledronic acid can be very effective for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in significantly reducing the risk of hip, vertebral and other fractures. This study aimed to investigate zoledronic acid treatment on postmenopausal osteoporosis in Uighur and Han patients in Xinjiang province, China.


Starting from a rewiev of DGLAP and BFKL evolution equations for small-x processes, a sistematic study is performed in order to understand the limits of both the formulations and to improve them in a unique framework, which aims to cover the whole range of applicability of perturbative QCD and which describes the transition mechanism from perturbative to non-perturbative physics in the region where unitarity contributions are expected not to be important.


We consider linear regression models and we suppose that disturbances are either Gaussian or non Gaussian. Then, by using Edgeworth expansions, we compute the exact errors in the rejection probability (ERPs) for all one-restriction tests (asymptotic and bootstrap) which can occur in these linear models. More precisely, we show that the ERP is the same for the asymptotic test as for the classical parametric bootstrap test it is based on as soon as the third cumulant is nonnul. On the other side, the non parametric bootstrap performs almost always better than the parametric bootstrap. There are two exceptions. The first occurs when the third and fourth cumulants are null, in this case parametric and non parametric bootstrap provide exactly the same ERPs, the second occurs when we perform a t-test or its associated bootstrap (parametric or not) in the models y =μ+u and y=ax+u where the disturbances have nonnull kurtosis coefficient and a skewness coefficient equal to zero. In that case, the ERPs of any test (asymptotic or bootstrap) we perform are of the same order.Finally, we provide a new parametric bootstrap using the first four moments of the distribution of the residuals which is as accurate as a non parametric bootstrap which uses these first four moments implicitly. We will introduce it as the parametric bootstrap considering higher moments (CHM), and thus, we will speak about the CHM parametric bootstrap


Following the guidelines of the International Project Managers Successful ISSPP (International School Principalship Project Succesfull) eight case studies of managers according to their administrative functions , have managed to sustain an improvement in achievement of their students were documented according to the standards of quality of education, with the aim of contributing to the knowledge we have of acting director of education contributes to improve the academic performance of these institutions. This research aims to know and recognize successful practices in federalized secondary technical directors of state Chihuahua


This paper describes the concept of development and building of technical training designed to train professionals oil pipeline transportation. The existing approaches to the creation of learning tools, such as physical models of technological objects, mathematical models and simulators based on them, models, operating instrument displays, visual aids, virtual three-dimensional models. Identified their strengths and weaknesses. The architecture building modern training systems and types of training aids. Put forward the requirements to be met by a modern interactive teaching system based on the principles of perception of educational material (visual, auditory, spatial and sign-symbolic ways of perception). As an example, the integrated learning system "Pipeline transportation of oil" introduced in Samara State Oil Technical University.


Algae growth potential tests (AGP tests) were conducted to examine the impact of nutrients(N,P)on Microcystis aeruginosa growth in different regional waters of Lake Dianchi in a stable environment. The results show that the main controlling factors of algae growth in the different waters are inconsistent. Phosphorus is the main limiting nutrient in the northern and western lake regions. Both phosphorus and nitrogen are the main limiting nutrients of blue-green algae growth in the central and southern lake regions. However,neither phosphorus nor nitrogen could separately enhance algae growth obviously. In addition,the initial N/P (mass ratio) in the range of 4~20 has no significant effect on Microcystis aeruginosa growth.


and exposes "how patriarchy operated in New Spain" on elite women (11). Although Doña Teresa did not leave behind her own written record, her court testimony and the Inquisition archives hold her story, and Gutiérrez uncovers it with his archival research skills. In noting that women did not pen most of these historical records, Marrero reminds readers that they contain contemporary cultural assumptions about women. These documents and their assumptions, though, are far from worthless since they inform us about women's place in colonial America. Each essayist overturns antiquated assumptions on women's sources and proves that materials on women in seventeenthand eighteenthcentury America are countless. Women in Early America offers readers not only a wide variety of sources but a variety of diverse communities and locales, and we learn about these communities through their women. It is this gendered approach that forces readers to revise historical ideas and knowledge on slavery, sexual independence, agrarianism and trade, and more. Women in Early America proves that by focusing on women we do not limit our understanding of history, but continue to open its boundaries and expand its reach.


The next generation Internet Protocol, IPv6, has attracted growing attention and has been deploying worldwide, especially in Europe, Asia, and North America. It intends to provide better QoS (quality of service) ability for the increasing demanding multimedia service, and FL (flowlabel) field in IPv6 main header was designed to be a big help in alleviating QoS problem. However, the related research work is still far from enough to make it practical. In this paper, we firstly investigate FL based cross domain QoS management in heterogeneous networks. The main contribution of this paper is threefold: First, we attempt to provide an analysis of FL-related definitions, and subsequently propose a modified IPv6 FL specification, which from the view of the authors can provide an efficient QoS. Second, we propose a novel FL-based inter-domain QoS solution, together with the detailed mechanism for FL generation, deletion and maintenance. Third, we extend SIP protocol for FL negotiation process. Experiment results show that our FL-based QoS model has better performance than existing ones.


This article shows an analytical review of fast-food market development, the results of the analysis of patent information and literature data concerning modern technological solutions to manufacturing packed vegetables. The goal is to investigate the main methods to prolong vegetable semis storage time, such as product packaging in polymer films, with food additives and using low temperatures.