Besides distance education, hybrid courses, and course enhancement, what else can you do with your course management system? Hampden-Sydney College has been stretching its basic level Blackboard system to fill a variety of needs. This presentation will start with a demonstration to showcase some of these uses such as engaging incoming freshmen prior to their first semester, facilitating faculty colleague evaluation, training library student assistants, and enhancing departmental collaboration. The demonstration will be followed by an open discussion to brainstorm other possible uses of a course management system. Introduction/Background Hampden-Sydney College is a four-year traditional liberal arts college for men located on a 660acre campus in rural southside Virginia. Founded in 1775, H-SC is the tenth oldest college in the country. The mission of the College is "to form good men and good citizens in an atmosphere of sound learning." Hampden-Sydney men are traditional aged and reside on the campus. Enrollment is kept at approximately 1000 students. The College has no distance education program. With a faculty of around 100 members, the College is able to keep class sizes small. In addition to this student/faculty ratio of 10:1, a large percentage of the faculty elect to live on campus, which means that there is great interaction between the students and the faculty. Blackboard was acquired in May of 2000 as a means to enhance and broaden the already existing high level of communication between students and faculty. It adds yet another layer of support to the traditional classroom experience found at H-SC. Currently over 50 percent of the faculty actively use Blackboard to supplement their classroom teaching. In addition, of all classes offered each semester, over 60 percent has a Blackboard component. Expanded Use As with any course management system when it becomes an integral part of campus life, it is inevitable that we would look to find other uses for it beyond the classroom. Moreover, the Proceedings of the 2004 ASCUE Conference, www.ascue.org June 6 – 10, 1004, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 111 monetary commitment had already been made as well as the time consuming and emotional effort of training faculty and students to use and rely upon it. Therefore, practicality dictated that we look to stretch our course management system to meet other needs. Incoming Freshmen The incoming freshmen class was a likely place to expand our use of Blackboard. We had a two-fold mission in working with this group. First, we wanted to find a way to get this population accustomed to using Blackboard and its features before starting classes so that they were comfortable with the system when required to use it. Second, in an effort to increase the retention of students, we thought it best to have them use Blackboard during the summer before they arrive. The idea is to begin the bonding process to the College as early as possible. Also, through the discussion boards, we try to establish communication between advisees so that they can begin conversation prior to arrival. This way the new students get to know other students before they arrive on campus for the fall semester. Freshmen are sent an information packet by the Dean of Academic Success when they are assigned a faculty advisor. In the packet, each student receives a letter informing him of his Blackboard username and password. He is encouraged to visit the Blackboard site to create a short web page about himself as well as to find out more information about the College, his advisor, and the other advisees. The basic information in each course is the same. There are discussion questions to stimulate conversation about what they expect of the College, what they are doing over the summer, and what items they think they should bring with them. Welcome messages from the President and upper administrative staff is included. Each advisor is then free to customize his or her course. They can post a picture of themselves and some biographical information. They add additional discussion questions and include documents that they have developed to help their advisees adjust to college life. Each advisor has a peer advisor who is set up with the same authorization in Blackboard as the advisor so that the he can also load material and monitor discussions. At the core of each course is the series of pictorial tours of the College. These were designed with the input of freshmen in their first semester. The tours show places on campus that freshmen need to know when they first arrive. Campus Tours include: Library a detailed look at each floor, including classrooms. Health Center a look at the facility and the staff as well as services provided. Dining Hall shows various dining areas, the cafeteria line, and ground floor pub. Classroom Buildings a few sample classrooms from each building. Security Office photos of officers and discussion of services. Computing Center a look at the computer lab, the PC repair area, and the help Proceedings of the 2004 ASCUE Conference, www.ascue.org June 6 – 10, 1004, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 112 desk. Support Services (Writing Center, International Studies, Academic Counselor,) for each there are photos of the staff and the facility. College Church a look at the church and its classroom facilities as well as a greeting from the pastor. Athletic Facilities each gym and outdoor sports area is depicted. Dean of Students the Dean, his staff and their services. Fraternities a view of each house and its charge. Fire Department the facility and its student volunteers. For each week during the summer, one new tour is made available. This helps to keep students interested in the course and give them yet another reason to check in often as the summer progresses. Faculty Colleague Evaluation When faculty are being assessed for contract renewal, tenure, or promotion, all members of the faculty are given the opportunity to voice their opinions. These opinions are kept anonymous; therefore, email is not an option for soliciting them. Paper responses have been the traditional means for receiving these comments. However, in an effort to reduce paperwork for faculty and encourage greater participation in the assessment process, colleague evaluations have been moved to Blackboard. Faculty log on to a course set up specifically for them to use to submit their comments on their colleagues who are under review. With the move to this electronic format, there has been an increased number of faculty submitting comments. Library Student Assistants Because the library is operated solely by student assistants for forty hours each week, there has always been a manual and resource guide available to them. However, with Blackboard in place, moving this essential information to an easily accessible electronic format seemed logical. The Blackboard format adds a level of comfort for our students who generally prefer electronic resources over print and also allows for timelier updating and a greater ease of communication among the assistants and between the assistants and the supervisors. To create the course, the parts of the existing paper manual that were not already in an electronic format were either scanned or re-keyed and then loaded into Blackboard. Student assistants were assigned to this task. Blackboard features make the enhanced electronic version of the manual far superior to the print. They include: Staff Information: We include pictures, phone numbers and areas of responsibility for all librarians and staff as well as student assistants. Announcements: This allows us to quickly pass information on to the student assistants. For example, we can easily post notices concerning problems with thecompact shelving, weather related emergencies, timecard deadlines, or a sudden rush of students from a parProceedings of the 2004 ASCUE Conference, www.ascue.org June 6 – 10, 1004, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 113 ticular professor. In addition, announcements can be recycled from semester to semester as events re-occur. Statistics: We can see who is using the material and when. If they are viewing a certain document repeatedly it; signals us that we many need to have more training in that area. Future areas of development include the use of online quizzes to test students on the various parts of their library assignments and the use of video to show opening and closing procedures as well as other complex tasks such as barcoding or creating patron records. A by-product of this course is that it has started to become a repository for all library procedures. All librarians and staff have access to this course and often make use of it when they are responsible for opening the library on snow days or during other emergencies. In addition, as new librarians or staff members are hired, they are referred to this course as a resource for learning the daily operations of the library. The major downside of the reliance on this resource is that, of course, it is not available during power failures. Therefore, the procedures for power failures are still kept in print format. Departmental Communication Before Blackboard, if an academic department wanted to share ideas or conduct a conversation electronically they were limited to email. However, with Blackboard departmental communication has become more enhanced. Two departments on campus currently make extensive of use of Blackboard for departmental communication – Rhetoric and Western Culture. The Rhetoric Department was the first to explore Blackboard as a mean of sharing and enhancing departmental communication. They were in the midst of developing their first wireless classroom and needed to share ideas on everything from tables and chairs to software and teaching styles. With Blackboard, they had one place to collect URLs for various elements of their new classroom that all members of the department could view and comment upon. They crea


Two studies explored the extent to which prior affective expectations shape people's evaluations of experiences and decisions about repeating those experiences. Study 1 found that students' prior expectations about an upcoming vacation accounted for a significant portion of the variance in their post-vacation evaluations, as did students' recall of specific experiences. In Study 2, both prior expectations and actual experiences of watching a movie were manipulated in a 2 × 2 design. People's affective expectations made more of a difference than the objective experience when assessing people's willingness to participate in the study again. A reinterpretation hypothesis—that people discount or reweigh memories of expectation-inconsistent events—accounted for the results of these studies better than a selective memory or initial effects hypothesis.


Knowledge companies who generate their revenue from leveraging the talents and contacts of professionals are confronted with two dilemmas ‐ acquiring institutional funding without hard collateral and managing these revenue‐generating talents. These companies appear to have understated balance sheets. Their value, however, can be highly appreciated as is illustrated by the stock prices. This presents a problem when acquiring institutional funding since hard collateral is scarce. Another dilemma is how to manage these revenue‐generating talents and systems. It appears that both external and internal sources have a need to measure, manage and grow these assets. This paper presents methods currently in use to identify and measure intangible assets and also experiments by applying five of these measurements to a single company over a period of eleven years. The purpose of this exercise is to note any similarities with financial measures and to determine the predictability of performance based on these indicators.


Communication latency presents a major challenge to achieving high responsiveness for Internet based cooperative editing systems. The authors propose conflict control locking (post-locking) schemes for conflict resolution in real time object based cooperative graphics editors. With these schemes, no locking request is needed before applying an editing operation to an object, instead, a lock will automatically be generated by the system if a conflict occurs. Lock ownership assigning rules are devised for the schemes. With a specific post-locking approach, algorithms and implementation techniques such as lock synchronisation detection, voting, and group intention realisation, are discussed in detail.


This study was presented as an abstract at Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR) 2018, June 13-16, Amsterdam, Holland [Do spouses' illness perceptions affect the women with rheumatoid arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77 (Suppl. 2): A1322]. ABS TRACT Objective: The aims were to evaluate the validity-reliability of the Turkish spouse-version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R); to examine the role of spouses' illness perceptions and psychological well-being in the illness severity and depression of women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and Methods: One-hundred and one married women diagnosed with RA and their husbands were enrolled. Spouses' beliefs about RA were assessed by Turkish spouse-version of the IPQ-R. The data were collected using Visual Analogue Scale-Pain, DAS-28, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Dis-ability Index in patients; global life satisfaction by the Satisfaction with Life-Scale in husbands; Beck Depression Inventory in all participants. Results: The scale demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity, discriminate validity and reliability. Patients' disability, depression, pain scores were correlated with IPQ-R-subscales positively (p<0.05). Patients'disability, pain, disease activity, depression levels were correlated with spouses' depression scores positively and with spouses'life satisfaction scores negatively (p<0.05). In multiple regression analysis; consequences, emotional and timeline cyclical-subscales were found to be influential variable on disability (p<0.05). Emotional representations-subscale, spouses'depression and life satisfaction scores were found to be influential variable on patients' depression (p<0.05). Conclusion: Turkish version of spouse version of the IPQ-R could be a valuable instrument in the assessment of illness perceptions in Turkish husbands of women with RA. Spouses' pessimistic beliefs about RA and their poor psychological well-being were significantly related to disability, pain severity and depression level of women with RA. Husbands' illness perceptions about disease and psychological status should be taken into account in the treatment of women with RA.


Abstract: Improving Writing Skills by Using Image Media Series pthere are Students of Class IV SD Negeri Perumnas Kota Makassar.  This study aims to determine the improvement of essay writing skills using series image media in grade IV students of SD Negeri Kota Makassar. The type of researchused is class action research (PTK) according to Arikunto (2008: 16) which consists of four activities,  namely including the planning stage, implementation stage, observation, and reflection. Suby ekin this study are class IV teachers and all grade IV students of SD Negeri Perumnas Kota Makassar. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation sheets, namely direct observation of activities carried out by teachers in the learning process and student activities during learning activities, tests to measure student abilities and documentation in this study consisting of syllabus, rpp, daily scores and photos. Based on the  results of the final test of the first action cycle, students' classical mastery of the essay writing material is not complete and has not been successful because it is still below the KKM standard score, this is because students have not been able to write essays based on series drawings and only some students determine the theme of the essay that has been made. Phase II cycle II use of series image media can be carried out properly, this can be seen in the final test results of cycle II. Thus, there was an increase in essay writing skills using series image media in grade IV students of SD Negeri Perumnas Kota Makassar to achieve a minima l completion score.


In the engineering applications, the distribution of objects is mostly random. Therefore, scattering analysis of randomly distributed objects has been one of the important problems in broadband electromagnetic calculation field. To resolve the problem, the Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation technique in conjunction with Monte Carlo Method is presented. First, the stochastic distribution is modeled by the Monte Carlo Method, and then the Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation technique using Padé approximation is utilized to achieve the Radar Cross Section at a wide frequency band. Numerical results show that the Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation technique can solve the random distributed object problems efficiently and accurately.


The environment most brain systems of humans and other animals are almost constantly confronted with is complex and continuously changing, with each time step updating a potentially bewildering set of opportunities and demands for action. Far from the controlled, discrete trials used in most neuro- and psychological investigations, behavior outside the lab at Caltech is a seamless and continuous process of monitoring (and error correction) of ongoing action, and of evaluating persistence in the current activity with respect to opportunities to switch tasks as alternatives become available. Prior work on frontopolar and prefrontal task switching, use tasks within the same modality (View a stream of symbols on a screen and perform certain response mappings depending on task rules). However, in thesetask switches' the effector is constant: only the mapping of visual symbols to the specific button changes. In this task, the subjects are choosing what kinds of future action decisions they want to perform, where they can control either which body part will act, or which direction they will orient an instructed body action. An effector choice task presents a single target and the subject selects which effector to use to reach the target (eye or hand). While the techniquesmore » available for humans can be less spatially resolved compared to non-human primate neural data, they do allow for experimentation on multiple brain areas with relative ease. Thus, we address a broader network of areas involved in motor decisions. We aim to resolve a current dispute regarding the specific functional roles of brain areas that are often co-activated in studies of decision tasks, dorsal premotor cortex(PMd) and posterior parietal cortex(PPC). In one model, the PPC distinctly drives intentions for action selection, whereas PMd stimulation results in complex multi-joint movements without any awareness of, nor subjective feeling of, willing the elicited movement, thus seems to merely help execute the chosen action.« less


Diversified structure design is applied to donor−acceptor (D−A)-type conjugated polymers (CPs) to improve their mobility−stretchability properties. Most methods that are capable of improving mechanical durability without sacrificing charge transport performance...


Synchytrium pogostemonis, the causal agent of budok disease, is one of the major limiting factors in patchouli production in Indonesia. Patchouli farmers usually control budok disease with chemical fungicides. Chemical control pollutes environment and disrupts agricultural ecosystem. Therefore, an environmentally friendly pest control should be conducted to control the disease. The objective of the study was to isolate and evaluate some rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of patchouli and black pepper plants against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, F. solani, Sclerotium rolfsii. Potential rhizobacterial isolates were tested to control budok disease on a pot scale. The results showed that 26 rhizobacterial isolates from 100 tested were antagonistic to F. oxysporum, F. solani and S. rolfsii. Four rhizobacteria isolates (RL13-A, RL31-A, RL35-A, RL32-A) showed strong inhibition (>40 %) against the 3 pathogens. In polibag experiment, RL35-A, PS9, RL13-A, RL32-B, RL31-A isolates were able to suppress budok disease significantly by 84.01; 76.00; 65.99; 43.99; and 21.98 % respectively. These results indicated that RL35-A isolates have strong antagonistic effect compared to other isolates. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, RL35-A isolates possessed close relationship (99 %) with all species of Enterobacter sp. The antibiotic compound extracted from RL35-A culture broth using GC-MS analysis was identified as phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-(canola). These results suggested that Enterobacter sp. was potential to be developed as biological agent for controlling budok disease in patchouli plants.


Identifying the mechanism in birds which controls magnetic orientation behaviour is proving elusive and is currently attracting a plethora of research activity. Much of this research involves wild birds which are caught in nets, tested and released. Ethical concerns regarding these experiments are likely to encompass the welfare of animals, their "rights" and conservation issues. Recently, Pekin ducks derived from migratory ancestors have been shown to posses a magnetic compass in a simple conditioning procedure. The use of domestic bird species provides a refinement in the ethics of animal experimentation since these birds are not caught in nets, are less fearful of humans and their use does not raise conservation concerns. The study of magnetic orientation is a high profile and fascinating areas of animal behaviour research and one in which behavioural scientists should be seen to actively embrace the principles of the 3R's.


This paper enquires into the scripted ELF variation adopted in the English subtitling of Lamerica (Gianni Amelio, 1994). The target script reformulates the original interactions through Lingua-franca Italian by means of hybridization processes between spoken Italian lingua franca uses and written ELF rendering that are seen as enabling/failing to realize the complex unequal encounters in contexts of specialized (legal-bureaucratic) communication between low-status Albanians and high-status Italians. The analysis of the spoken interactions rendered into ELF subtitling involves three different, yet complementary dimensions of analysis: the register dimension in the perspective of Halliday's (1978) functional approach and of van Dijk's (1980) processes of deletion, construction and generalization in rendering the original social interactions into ELF subtitling, respecting the technical limits and facilitating accessibility and acceptability of culture-bound concepts either between the participants in the interaction and in the international audience of the subtitled movie; the phonopragmatic dimension (Sperti, 2014) of the spoken interactions to explore the socio-pragmatic processes accounting for illocutionary and perlocutionary implications (Searle, 1983), and the rendering of such dimensions characterizing the cross-cultural unequal encounters into equivalent written forms of ELF; and the functional dimension involving the standard and scripted ELF variations used in the subtitles, analysed through the application of a causal model of translation (Chesterman, 2000; Bogucki, 2011), enquiring into the cognitive and pragmatic features of the translator's retextualizations, characterised by relevant lexical and syntactic choices in the attempt to render the participants' status asymmetries. ELF in this case may thus represent a new hybrid mode of spoken lingua franca rendered into written forms in situations of difficult intercultural communication due to power/status asymmetries between the participants.


This text aims at analyzing the work of Antonio Gramsci from a sociological perspective. The premise of the author addresses the question: What can a social scientist remove from the reading of his work? We, therefore, deal with a unilateral and implicated angle. The proposed discussion involves constituent problems regarding the treatment of the social sciences, in ways of understanding how Gramsci regards the relationship between the individual and society, going through its conception of religion and hegemony.


[Objective]To investigate the health status of female workers with occupational noise exposure,and provide a theoretical evidence for protecting female workers' health.[Methods]Totally 150 steel female workers with noise exposure were selected as exposure group,other 125 administrative female workers without noise exposure were recruited as control group.The results were analyzed.[Results]The hearing loss,neurasthenia,menstrual disorder,hypertension detection rates of noise exposure group were 23.33%,21.33%,19.33%,10.67%,respectively which were higher than those of control group(3.20%,12.00%,9.60%,6.40%).The differences of first 3 items were significant between 2 groups(P0.05 or P0.01).And the incidence rates increased with extending of service length.[Conclusion]The health status of female workers with noise exposure is worse than control group,which should attract more attention.


Our research program is investigating how to effectively incorporate intelligent agents into human teams, specifically to support team performance. There are several ways to incorporate agents into teams; our approach is to use agents to support the team as a whole (facilitating communication, allocation of tasks, coordination among the human agents, and improving attention focus). In our initial experiments, we investigated the effects of trust and calibration of trust that allows human decision-makers to assess the reliability and meaning of communications from software and human agents. Currently, we are focusing on the team and the different ways of deploying agents to support multiperson teams: 1) supporting the individual by tracking the collected information; 2) supporting communication among team members by automatically passing information to the relevant person; and 3) supporting task prioritization and coordination by providing a shared checklist. Only performance data have been reported for this paper. Aiding with agents was found to be different from the control condition. Learning effects and effects for the target difficulty were found.


'Narrative medicine' is a term connoting medicine practised with narrative competence. It proposes both an ideal of medical care and the methods used to grow towards those ideals. Therapeutic jurisprudence, on the other hand, is a legal construct which draws on social science insights to suggest a new approach to legal problem-solving which has, as a conscious aim, the reduction or elimination of the anti-therapeutic effects of law and legal processes. Both paradigms have in common a focus on individual experience within medical and legal life settings and point towards models of practice which are more therapeutically engaged and psychologically oriented. Through a connecting theme of the ethical ideal of hope, the article seeks to show that both these relational constructs are capable of empowering participants in medical and legal encounters into a more effective achievement of desired ends through the establishment of strong human relationships and more effective means of communication.


The effects of material and process variables on fatigue behavior were determined for a newly developed, lowcost weldbonding process for the assembly of durable aircraft structures. The weldbonding process involves spot-welding components through a previously applied adhesive, and then oven-curing the assembly to achieve a bonded structure. Both low-load and high-load transfer specimen geometries with each of two alloy combinations (7075-T6/7075-T6 and 2024-T3 alclad/7075-T6) were evaluated. Fatigue behavior of weldbonded specimens with different nugget sizes and different manufacturing defects was compared with that of riveted and adhesive-bonded specimens. In low-load transfer fatigue, weldbonding was better than riveting, but not as good as adhesive bonding, while in high-load transfer fatigue, weldbonding was equal to or better than riveting and adhesive bonding. ELDBONDING was developed to reduce the cost of joining aluminum components such as airframe skins to doublers. The process involves spot-welding components together through a previously applied adhesive, and then oven-curing the assembly to achieve a bonded structure. The spot welds replace expensive fixturing which would otherwise be needed for adhesive bonding during the cure cycle, and an economical oven can be used in place of an autoclave. The process also eliminates expensive hole preparation and fastener installation costs associated with mechanical fastening. The weldbond system used for this work was developed under Northrop Independent Research and Development and Air Force Materials Laboratory contracts.1"3 A summary of the process follows: the parts to be joined are alkaline cleaned, deoxidized, phosphoric acid/sodium dichromate anodized at 1.0-1.5 V, coated with a modified epoxy paste adhesive (B.F. Goodrich A1444B) at the faying surface, spot-welded together, and oven-cured at 121 °C (250°F) for 1 h.


This paper presents a novel approach of deriving Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) from correction circuits measuring and digitizing non-linearities of data converters. The often digitally available correction data can then be used to generate a fingerprint of the chip. The general concept is presented and then specifically evaluated on an existing Delta-Sigma (∆Σ) modulator whose outermost feedback DAC mismatches are greatly influencing the overall performance and thus need correction. The applied mixed-signal correction scheme reveals the intrinsic mismatches which are firstly used to linearize the ∆Σ modulator, but which can also be further analyzed. The intraHamming distance is initially determined to values less than 6% at nominal conditions and could be further reduced to less than 2% by applying different encodings. Regarding the distinctness of devices, the inter-Hamming distance is highly stable under all circumstances with a value very close to 50%. Though the influence of varying environmental conditions on the stability of repeated PUF readouts is negligible, inevitable deviations in the correction coefficients increase the intra-Hamming distance with respect to nominal conditions. As a result, 80 highly stable identification bits are obtained from the exemplarily used ∆Σ modulator. Keywords—Physical unclonable function (PUF), DAC linearization, delta sigma modulation


The space‐time formalism of elementary particles presented previously is generalized to a complex ``internal'' Minkowski space described by (zμ, ωμ) and (zμ*, ωμ*). In this way, we are able to accommodate the dual signatures of the ``superselection'' operator and the odd‐half spins in a natural manner. The full dynamic symmetry group of the 16‐dimensional phase space is a 136‐parameter group G of which the reciprocity‐invariant content is a 64‐parameter group isomorphic with the 64‐parameter Lie group. The complete L‐invariant subgroup of G is a 10‐parameter group which is identified as the five‐dimensional real ``Lorentz'' group and which is the ``unitary spin'' subgroup of G. Discussions on the various reduced or subgroup structures of G are given. In particular, the physical nature of the L‐invariant generators and possible forms of mass formula are discussed.


This paper represents the integrated design system for recycling. This system consists of four subsystems, that is, a data base for the already analyzed commercial products, a data base for the design knowledge and principles. a data base for the now developing product, and a subsystem for the optimum disassembly path generation and the module generation.


Abstract Oil is a metonym for terms in books and articles in diverse disciplines in African studies. Some portray oil as a causal agent that thrusts formerly low-income countries into the highly competitive neoliberal global economy. Others present it according to the oil curse/blessing binary. As a curse, petroleum causes dysfunctional and costly behavior. But increased revenues from oil just as certainly result in concrete improvements demonstrating a resource blessing. Heilbrunn uses case materials to explore environmental degradation, oil theft, community-company relations, post-conflict reconstruction, local content in contracts, and corruption. These key concepts form a basis for the keyword/concept essay on oil in Africa.


For the form-finding of complex tensegrity structures, such as tensegrity arches as well as tensegrity towers that are considered in this study, we make use of Dynamic Relaxation Method (DRM) to find their configurations at the self-equilibrium state. DRM has great advantages in dealing with complex structures in a simple way, since neither tangent stiffness matrix nor its inverse is necessary. DRM traces the nodal motions of a tensegrity structure due to the out-of-balance forces, and gradually converges to the self-equilibrated configuration subjected to artificial damping. In this study, a simple tensegrity structure is used to tune the parameters so as to improve the convergence performance of DRM. The tensegrity towers as well as arches are considered as numerical examples to demonstrate that DRM is a highly promising method for form-finding of complex tensegrity structures.


Preface. 1. An Introduction to the Long Trip to the Information Age. General Patterns of Information in American Life. Birth and Evolution of the Information Age in America. Events at Mid-Century. Conclusions. 2. The Long Trip to the Information Age. America's Love Affair with Information Machines. The Ubiquitous Typewriter. Crunching Numbers: Adding and Calculating Machines. Big Time Computing: Punched-Card Tabulators. Hello!: Role of the Telephone. The Radio in America. Arrival of Electronic Entertainment: Television. What Americans Thought of Information Just Before the Computer. Conclusions. 3. Big Gizmos, New Tools, and a Changing Way of Life, 1950-1995. A Quick Course on How Computers Were Invented. The Invention of Software. Military Uses of Computers. Business Uses of Computers. Computers for Entertainment. Consequences of the Computer. Conclusions. 4. America's Love Affair with the Internet. Creation of the Internet. Digitizing America the Small Way. The Special Role of Globalization. Conclusions. 5. How Information Is Playing a Bigger Role in American Work. Some Realities About the American Economy. Information Workers and Knowledge Management. Book Publishing: As Source of Information. Role of Newspapers and Magazines: American Information Landmarks. Everyone an Information Technology Worker? A Peek at Our Future? Patterns in Work and Workplaces. The Internet as a Source of Information. Consequences and Implications for Worker Productivity. Conclusions. 6. Information and Leisure Activities. Informationalizing Sports: Baseball, Football, and Basketball. Reading and Collecting Books for Entertainment. Information, Tourism, and the American Vacation. Pursuing Education on One's Own Initiative. Playing on the Net. Television: A Media in Transition. Patterns and Consequences. Conclusions. 7. Information and Religion. Patterns From the Age of Paper. Origins of American Religious Practices. The Special Role of the Bible. Role of Radio and TV. Cyber-Religion: Religious Life and the Internet. Consequences and Possibilities. 8. Public Policy and Information. Origins of Policies and Infrastructures in the Age of Paper. The Special Role of Book Banning. The Special Role of the Press. Expanding Access to Information. Policies and Infrastructures in the Electrical Age. V-Chips and Television. Recent Trends in Regulatory Practices. Uncle Sam, the Ultimate Venture Capitalist of Digital Technologies. The Special Case of the Internet. Conclusions. 9. A Digital Democracy. How Will e-Democracy Evolve? The Special Role of the Internet. So What Are We to Do? 10. The Future of Information in America. Does Technology Have a Will of Its Own? Some Basic Assumptions About the Future. How Information Technology Is Affecting Our Future. Effects of Further Economic Globalization on How Americans Use Information. American Values, Beliefs, and Habits. The Nature of American Information. Conclusions. 11. Leveraging Information for Fun and Profit. Consequences and Possibilities for Workers and Managers. Consequences and Possibilities for Players. Consequences and Possibilities for the Religious. Consequences and Possibilities for Public Officials and Citizens. Some Final Thoughts. 12. Learning More About Info-America. Historical Background. The Telephone. The Computer. Economics of the Information Age. Work in the United States. Sociological Views of Information in America. Leisure in the United States. Religion in the United States. The Internet. Public Policy and Information. Future of Information in America. Index.


Ab-initio formation energies for (100)- and (111)-microfacet steps on Pb(111) are in satisfactory agreement with measured values, given that these values are known only as well as the Pb(111) surface energy; the calculated step-energy ratio, 1.29, is within {approximately}8% of experiment. In contrast, calculated kink-formation energies, 41 and 60 meV for the two step types, are 40--50% below published experimental values derived from STM images. The discrepancy results from interpreting the images with a step-stiffness vs. kink-energy relation appropriate to (100) but not (111) surfaces. Good agreement is found when the step-stiffness data are reinterpreted, taking proper account of the trigonal symmetry of Pb(111).


Programmers reuse code to increase their productivity, which leads to large fragments of duplicate or near-duplicate code in the code base. The current code clone detection techniques for finding semantic clones utilize Program Dependency Graphs (PDG), which are expensive and resource-intensive. PDG and other clone detection techniques utilize code and have completely ignored the comments - due to ambiguity of English language, but in terms of program comprehension, comments carry the important domain knowledge. We empirically evaluated the accuracy of detecting clones with both code and comments on a JHotDraw package. Results show that detecting code clones in the presence of comments, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), gave 84% precision and 94% recall, while in the presence of a PDG, using GRAPLE, we got 55% precision and 29% recall. These results indicate that comments can be used to find semantic clones. We recommend utilizing comments with LDA to find clones at the file level and code with PDG for finding clones at the function level. These findings necessitate a need to reexamine the assumptions regarding semantic clone detection techniques.


A photoelectric detector dust, openings are formed in the front panel of the box body, the through hole is formed in the rear panel of the main body case. Dust passage is provided between the rear panel and the front panel through hole openings so that dust and / or aerosol can. Through-holes for dust and / or the introduction of smoke dust channel. Dust and / or smoke for discharging the dust from the passage, the aperture is sufficiently larger than the through hole.


The Treaty of Lisbon will work a sea-change in the operations of the European Union. Most notably, it will have the tendency to centralize European responses to homeland security and counter-terrorism matters. This change in European practice will require a concomitant change in America's approach to cooperation with the European Union.


We report the first theoretical study of vacancies in CdxHg1–xTe alloys. The study employs the tight-binding method for obtaining the Hamiltonian. The Slater–Koster Green's function method is used to obtain the electronic states that result from removing a cation or anion from the virtual crystal used to model the alloys. The primary results are that the anion vacancy levels are far into the conduction band and hence are not likely to produce levels in the gap. In contrast, the cation vacancy is found to produce levels near the valence band edge. We find that spatially these states are very localized on the atoms nearest the vacancy.


This study aims to measure the management of IT utilization in the Diponegoro University Library using the COBIT framework. From the results of these measurements it is expected to identify the conditions of IT governance at present, the gap with ideal conditions, and improvements to increase the use of IT in line with organizational goals. In this study, IT governance will be assessed in the Evaluate-Direct-Monitor (EDM) aspects of five domains, namely EDM01: Ensure Governance Framework Settings and Maintenance, EDM02: Ensure Benefits Delivery, EDM03: Ensure Risk Optimization, EDM04: Ensure Resource Optimization, and EDM05 Ensure Stakeholders Transparency. The research design used in this study is sequential exploratory, which is collecting and analyzing qualitative data then collecting and analyzing quantitative data. The research location is in the Diponegoro University Library. Data collection techniques in this study were conducted through a survey using interviews with the leaders and managers of the Diponegoro University Library, and observations of conditions at the Diponegoro University Library. Based on score calculation and mapping based on the COBIT framework, the Diponegoro University Library Manager has implemented IT governance. Deficiencies identified are in the EDM01 domain Ensure Governance Setting and Maintenance and EDM03 Ensure Risk Optimization which have not reached the maximum level. capability level is still below expectations. Whereas in other domains, EDM02 Ensure Benefits Delivery, EDM04 Ensure Resource Optimization, and EDM05 Stakeholder Transparency are at the highest level.


Abstract Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 — 0.1PbTiO3) multilayer actuator has been fabricated using the roll casting technique. The actuator was designed to have dimensions of 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm × 2.2 mm and each layer was about 145 μm thick. It is fabricated by cofiring the PMN-PT ceramic with platinum internal electrodes. In order to fabricate a multilayer actuator without cracks or delaminations and to speed up the binder burnout process, two brass plates have been used to release heat. This resulted in a crack-free multilayer actuator.


A first connection portion including a first electrode formed on the transparent substrate, thereby bonding the second connecting portion including a second electrode formed on a flexible substrate, said first electrode said second electrode to a method of electrically connecting said to the first connection portion and at least one of the second connecting portion, and the step of applying the connecting composition, and the first electrode and the align the second electrode, in the state where the first pressed against each other the connection portion and the second connecting portion includes a step of light irradiation, a process to stand at room temperature after light irradiation, the connection compositions do not contain conductive particles, (a) a curable resin component, (b) photocuring initiator component containing (c) an anaerobic cure initiator component, at the end of the light irradiation, anaerobic method characterized by sexual curing is not completed is disclosed.


Given a regular Dirichlet form $(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{F})$ on a fixed domain $E$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$, we first indicate that the basic assumption $C_c^\infty(E)\subset \mathcal{F}$ is equivalent to the fact that each coordinate function $f^i(x)=x_i$ locally belongs to $\mathcal{F}$ for $1\leq i\leq d$. Our research starts from these two different viewpoints. On one hand, we shall explore when $C_c^\infty(E)$ is a special standard core of $\mathcal{F}$ and give some useful characterizations. On the other hand, we shall describe the Fukushima's decompositions of $(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{F})$ with respect to the coordinates functions, especially discuss when their martingale part is a standard Brownian motion and what we can say about their zero energy part. Finally, when we put these two kinds of discussions together, an interesting class of stochastic differential equations are raised. They have uncountable solutions that do not depend on the initial condition.


From the Publisher:
This practical and clearly written introduction provides both fundamental and cutting-edge coverage on programmable logic controllers; today a billion dollar industry. It combines comprehensive, accessible coverage with a wealth of industry examples that make intangible concepts come to life—offering users a broad-based foundation that will serve them well on the job. The volume examines every aspect of controller usage in an easy-to-understand, jargon-free narrative. Beginning with a basic layout the book goes right into programming techniques, it progresses through fundamental, intermediate, and advanced functions—and concludes with chapters on related topics. Applications are discussed for each PLC function, and vast arrays of examples and problems help users achieve an understanding of PLCs, and the experience needed to use them. For programmers and others working with PLCs.


This case study reflects on a 2019 project involving a staff-student partnership that focussed on improving the international student experience at an Australian university. The project responded to the need for international students to feel a sense of belonging and connectedness to an Australian university as a buffer against the challenges they face that are part of the acculturation process undergone upon arrival. The project's main output was the creation of short videos destined for three target audiences: international students, domestic students, and academics who teach international students. The project's objectives were to build relationships between international and domestic students and between academics and students, as well as to minimise misunderstandings held by international students about studying at this university and misconceptions held by domestic students and academics about international students. This case study provides an innovative and practical model for staff-student collaborations in higher education.


Mature red kiwi fruit is crushed, treated with pectase and SO2 in the amount of 80-100 ppm and 100-150 ppm separately, squeezed, heat treated at 85-100 deg.c, cooled and filtered to obtain red kiwi fruit juice. The red kiwi fruit juice is further processed through former fermentation, later fermentation, barrel turning, clarifying, sterilizing and canning to produce red kiwi fruit wine. The red kiwi fruit juice and the red kiwi fruit wine exhibit appetizing red and have raised value. The red kiwi fruit juice and the red kiwi fruit wine contain several nutritious components and are favorable to health.


A process for producing fruit juice powder mix and a fruit based beverage mix comprising fruit juice powder. The process comprises the steps of (a) washing and cleaning of fruits, (b) pupling fruits of step (a) in a two stage pulper and obtaining juice, (c) passing juice of step (b) through strainer having mesh size 400-500 micron, (d) preparing fruit concentrate at brix 66-72 Degree Brix, (e) converting fruit concentrates of step (d) to powders by spray drying process characterized such that the fruit juice is atomized and allow to fall under gravity without being adhered to the walls of dryer chamber, collecting the dried fruit powder at the bottom of the dryer, (f) encapsulating by blending fruit powder in the presence of hydrocolloids, (g) adding dried sugar in fruit powder of step (f), (h) blending with dried sugar and all other ingredients excluding flavor in blender coating, (i) grinding the blended fruit powder in pin mill for uniform distribution of ingredients, (j ) adding flavor and transferring the bulk to the blender and blending thereof in order to obtain desired fruit juice powder mix, (k) passing fruit juice powder mix obtained in step (j) through metal detector, (g) filing of the said produced fruit juice powder mix in containers for storing/packaging.


In my view Sicilian Carousel results in a contemplation of Durrell's ideas on insularity, and a return to places dear to his heart - particularly Cyprus which recurs in his references, both tragic and pleasant. Cyprus is the core of his attempts to rationalise concepts such as insularity, Mediterraneity and Hellenism. Cyprus, Greece and Italy are indissolubly tied, even geologically, by the seismological fault that unifies and stirs them as it stirs Durrell's restless spirit, that, in his wandering and attempts to settle in this or that Mediterranean island, is in search of his existential identity, but is continually rejected by the places he loves so much. Is this due to imbalances caused by the historical geopolitical events, or rather to escapism? The writer's mind wavers between the idea of insularity as, from one hand, a spatial circumscription preserving one's identity and, on the other, as a possibility to escape via the surrounding sea, in search of new existential perspectives. Durrell's departure reveals his inability, as an archetypical cosmopolitan, to handle insularity as a permanent state of life as he metaphorically admits in the poem that ends his book.


When seventeen-year-old Annie Baxter left England in September 1834 aboard the convict transport 'Augusta Jessie', she had little idea about what lay ahead. Annie imagined that she would be away about six years and would visit several countries. After that she expected to return to family and friends in 'dear old England'. She travelled with her husband of seven months, Andrew Baxter, a lieutenant in the Queen's Own 50th,Regiment, who had joint charge of the guard bringing just over two hundred male convicts to the Australian colonies. Annie believed that she was bound for New South Wales, presumably to the regimental headquarters of the 50th at Windsor. But that was not the case; her husband's detachment was ordered to Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. She arrived in Hobart in January 1835 and three weeks later she travelled to Launceston where she would spend almost four years before she sailed out of the Tamar for Sydney with her husband and his regiment. To record her overseas experience Annie had purchased a handsome notebook of some 140 leaves. This book was covered with marbled paper and its spine and corners were bound with faux-leather and decoratively tooled. Its endpapers and edges were likewise marbled and its white pages were very faintly lined. The book's substantial size, together with the quality of the binding and paper, indicate a desire to create a record in durable form for posterity.6 Whether at this point, Annie intended her record to become a treasured heirloom - to be shared and enjoyed with family and friends when she returned to England - or whether she proposed to create a record just for herself is a matter for speculation. But whatever Annie's aspirations for her text, implicit in the desire to create such a lasting record was the presumption that it would be a narrative of progress and success. Inscribed with the simple title 'Annie Maria Baxter's Journal' and having the material characteristics of a printed book, Annie's journal was thus poised to become a chronicle, in one volume, of the Baxters' overseas adventures and travels, and to record the beginning of what Annie hoped would be a long and prosperous marriage. In this respect Annie's journal awaited her creation of a particular version of the master narrative of British colonial endeavour.


We demonstrated a highly polarized organic electroluminescence device through enhancing an orientational ordering of the conjugate polymer. The highly ordered state of the conjugate polymer and the resultant high polarizability were obtained by improving azimuthal anchoring energy through the optimal rubbing condition of a polyimide underlying the emitting layer. The polarized OLED was adapted to the twisted nematic liquid crystal cell as a backlight unit and tested the electro-optic characteristics.


Seasonal thermal stratification has a significant impact on water quality. In this paper, the variation of vertical distribution of ammonia nitrogen in a source water reservoir was studied, on the base of field monitoring data. The dominant factor of the variation in ammonia nitrogen is the anaerobic environment caused by the seasonal thermal stratification, which leads to the degradation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the sediments. To determine the rates of ammonia accumulation, an in situ experimental chamber was used. The results showed that, before the formation of thermal stratification in the reservoir, sediments in the bottom of the water have a high tendency to release ammonia; the rates of ammonia accumulation in the overlying water are 40.31–111.41 mg·m−2·d−1. However, thermal stratification causes changes in the physical and chemical properties of the sediment and reduction in the degradability of the nitrogen-containing compound in the sediment. The rates of ammonia accumulation (39.44–44.65 mg·m−2·d−1) after thermal stratification are lower than before. Considering the water pollution hazards caused by seasonal thermal stratification, it is necessary to take corresponding emergency response measures to cope with the possibility of water pollution risk.


................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................viii LIST OF IMAGES.....................................................................................................iix LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................iiix PREFACE: THE STORY OF THE UGLY DUCKLING...............................1 CHAPTER


The work in this thesis centers around monitoring and simulation of a novel drug delivery system. The major features are the development of a pipeline for creating realistic tetrahedral geometries from MRI data suitable for finite elements simulation, research into methods for quantifying the impact of the shape of an injected drug depot on drug diffusion, and research into automated methods for segmenting hyperplasia growth from MRI images for monitoring the efficacy of the drugs and delivery methods being tested. The error quantification portion of this work exploits assumptions of smoothness in order to employ the stochastic collocation method to study the effect of drug depot shape variability on the outcome of drug diffusion simulations. Simple parameterizations of de pot shape are also explored. We demonstrate that once the underlying stochastic process is characterized, quantification of the introduced variability is quite straightforward and provides an important step in the validation and verification process. The hyperplasia segmentation method described here attempts to exploit minimal user interaction to semi-automatically produce an accurate segmentation. The challenge arises from the need to track a combination of strong and weak features near confounding structures. The 3D segmentation process is broken down into a series of constrained 2D segmentation tasks, which are carried out automatically on preprocessed image slices by an active contour model. res c r..'I J icrn i , i t t ti i t t i j t a ll i i , m i t t t ln ti l i t ill i it i t ffi t n llel li t: t i t t . i ti i i t terizations ~ c c Clll te b r i i r dI l" t , ti ilit i htf rward u t t i i r i l ti . i i l ll t. ti . .b u . a i w res .r .ur . c ti w . ti c .icall ll i To my family, for freedom and encouragement To my friends, for inspiration and distraction To my Liz, for love and support To CsHioN 10-2 and ( 1 . for all the ups and downs e c ra t f , f i i ti n ti lll}' i , l t S lON4 1 C2 H;:,OH. ll t


Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) was first mentioned to occur in Finland in 1980 by Cooper and Edwards who described an isolate from red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa). CLRV affecting birch species in the country have also been confirmed sporadically from single silver birch (Betula pendula) trees. Since 2002 the situation changed as virus-like symptoms in birch species native to Fennoscandia started to accumulate. Leaf roll, vein banding and chlorotic patterns with subsequent necrosis of birch leaves were increasingly observed. Disease symptoms affecting downy birch (B. pubescens ssp. pubescens), curly birch (B. pendula var. carelica), mountain birch (B. pubescens ssp. czerepanovii), dwarf birch (B. nana), the local variety Kiilopää birch (B. pendula var. appressa) and silver birch could be associated with an infection of CLRV. Since the incidence in 2002, virus-associated symptoms are spreading in Betula species and are distributed all over the country at present. As causes of the sudden appearance of the disease are still unknown, possible ways of transmission and viral dissemination as well as unique features of the CLRV population occurring in Finland are discussed.


In this paper we are interested in studying the dissipativity of degenerate mixed differential operators involving an interface point. We show that, under particular interface conditions, such operators generate analytic semigroups on an appropriate Hilbert space H . To illustrate the results an example is discussed.


Based on Auger scattering mechanism, carrier-carrier scattering dynamics between the two-dimensional carrier reservoir (also called wetting layer, i.e., WL) and the confined quantum dot ground and first excited state in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) are investigated theoretically in this paper. The scattering rates for independent electron and hole densities are calculated. The results show an ultra-fast carrier capture (relaxation) rate up to 1 ps−1, and there is a complex dependence of the Coulomb scattering rates on the WL electron and hole densities. In addition, due to the different effective mass and the level distribution, the scattering rates for electron and hole are very different. Finally, in order to provide a direction to control (increase or decrease) the input current in realistic QD-SOA systems, a simple method is proposed to determine the trends of the carrier recovery rates with the WL carrier densities in the vicinity of the steady-state.


This research contributes to previous studies through exploring the association between individual psychological aspirations and hukou discrimination in the Chinese urban labour market. Applying data from the 2010 China General Social Survey, we divided the sample into local hukou residents and non-local migrants (includes urban-urban migrants and rural-urban migrants). We then examined the relationship between these sub-categories with different hukou status and their income aspirations (i.e., expected wage levels). The estimated results suggest that, in comparison with urban-urban migrants, rural-urban migrants are more likely to self-deprecate. Discrimination against rural-urban migrants significantly restricts their income aspirations. These findings imply that it is urgent to eliminate these negative impacts caused by hukou discrimination in the Chinese urban labour market, and understanding the structure of labour force quality such as psychological condition appears to be important in determining the long-term sustainable development of labour market. Theoretical and empirical implications, limitations and further research directions are also discussed.


A linear combustion tube experiment with halfway fire extinguishing was utilized to reconstruct the combustion region distributions based on apparent characteristics of burnt oil-bearing quartz, temperature profile, and oil saturation field distribution between a gas injection well and a production well, etc. The gas composition and fluid composition in each region could be obtained. Following, a high-temperature-high-pressure visualization system was utilized to simulate experimentally the flue-gas flow in the crude oil. A flow characteristics simulation using such process parameters as system injected fluid composition and temperature condition based on the above test results of the combustion tube was conducted. The characteristics of each region were qualitatively described, the flow characteristics of the flue gas was visualized, and the oil bubble enhancement mechanism causing crude oil movement with flue gas was semiquantitatively determined. The results of the combustion tube simulation showed tha...


ATTACHING and effacing Escherichia coli (aeec) bind to the enterocytes of human beings and animals, forming distinct attaching-effacing (ae) lesions. The enterocyte attaching and effacing ( eae ) gene is present within the locus of enterocyte effacement ([Kaper and others 1998][1], [Aktan and others


With the important development of dairy genetic trade worldwide and international genetic evaluation , assuring quality and comparability of measurements and recordings between countries has become of an utmost importance as the bases of fair and loyal commercial exchanges and the support for suitable confidence in genetic values estimation. Since 1994 ICAR has been developing an analytical quality assurance system (AQA) in order to harmonised analytical data quality within ICAR. An international network of so-called reference laboratory network was created in 1996 as a platform to relay good laboratory practices, guidelines and standard and support routine milk testing laboratories with services. ICAR has implemented a regular annual programme in order to provide network members with traceability and anchorage to an international reference. Complying with the ICAR AQA system has become a requirements to obtain the ICAR Certificate of Quality for milk analysis. Progress of the ICAR Reference Laboratory Network development is regularly measured at the occasion of ICAR biennial session and orientation discussed for further beneficial developments. Extending the network membership to new member organisations is a major objective together with enhancing participation in international proficiency study programme managed by ICAR.


Objective To observe the changes of fibrocytes and Thl/Th2 cytokines in the lung of irradiated mice and explore its role in radiation-induced pulmonary injury. Methods The whole thorax of mice were irradiated with single 25 Gy of 40 Co r-rays in order to establish a model of pulmonary injury. The pathologic changes of lung were determined by Masson three-color stain and Hematoxylin and eosin stain. The concentration of collagen I was assayed by mieroplate spectrophotometer. The number of fibrocytes in lung and the levels of MCP-1, MIP-lct and Thl/Th2 eytokines in BAL were measured with flow eytometry and liquid suspension array, respectively. Results Irradiated mice suffered with weight loss from 14 d to 3 month after irradiation ( F = 7.19, 40. 62, 58.70, P 〈 0.05 ). Pathological evidence demonstrated that the collagen fibers hyperplasia occurred at 1 month and aggravated at 3 month. Concentration of collagen I (Z = - 2. 470, - 2. 236, P 〈 0. 05 ) increased at 1 and 3 month post-irradiation. There were significant increase in the number of fibrocytes (Z = - 2.19, - 2. 64, - 2.64,P 〈 0.05) in pulmonary interstitium and the levels of MCP-1 (Z-- -2.35, -2.37, -2.34, P〈0.05) andMIP-lct (Z= -2.43, -2.35, -2. 35, P 〈0. 05) in BAL from 14 d to 3 month. The levels of IFN-r increased at 1 month (Z = -2.34 P〈0.05) and the expression oflL-12 decreased at3 and7 d (Z= -2.31, -2.30, P〈0.05) while increased at 1 and 3 month (Z= -2.32, -2.12, P 〈0.05).IL-4 level were up from 7 d to 1 month (Z= -2.31, -2.35, -2.32, P〈0.05), and 1L-10 level went up on 3 d, at 1 month and 3 month post-irradiation (Z = - 2.33, - 2.37, - 2.34, P 〈 0.05). Conclusions Fibrocytes are the important target of radiation-induced pulmonary injury. MCP-land MIP-lαlead to fibrocytes recruitment and Thl/Th2 cytokines may be involved in this process.

Key words:
Radiation-induced pulmonary injury;  Fibrocytes;  Cytokines of MCP-1; Cytokines of MIP-lα;  Cytokines of Thl/Th2


The debate over the significance of Social Darwinism in Germany has special importance, because it serves as background to discussions of Hitler's ideology and of the roots of German imperialism and World War I.1 There is no doubt that Hitler was a Social Darwinist, viewing history as a struggle for existence among unequal races. All Hitler scholars agree on this point, and it is too obvious to deny when one reads Mein Kampf2 Whether Social Darwinism contributed to imperialism and militarism is less clear, though some have argued it did, at least as a justification for them.3 Some Anglo-American writers during and immediately after World War I blamed Social Darwinism for inflaming German militarism.4


We use the SMARTS 2.9.5 model to simulate hourly spectral irradiance over a 1 year period at two different geographic locations. Hourly, daily, monthly and yearly averages of cloud‐screened atmospheric data from the AERONET network were used to generate 4 sets of spectra for each location. A detailed balance model was then used to investigate how differences in the temporal resolution of atmospheric inputs affect calculations of the energy harvest efficiency of a specific III–V multi‐junction cell design. The calculations were repeated using a single yearly averaged spectrum. The modelling results show that changing the time resolution of atmospheric data inputs to the SMARTS model does not cause large changes in calculated energy harvest efficiency for the specific cell design used. This suggests that in the absence of high‐resolution atmospheric data, efficiency predictions utilizing spectra derived from yearly or monthly averages will yield similar results to those using daily or hourly averaged data. ...


Objective to investigate the influences of the mechanical compression, the extraction solvent and the supercritical CO2 extraction to the extraction rate, the fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of the kiwi fruit seed oil. The result indicated that, the kiwi fruit seed fat is 29.20%, and with the mechanical compression, the extraction solvent and the supercritical CO2 extraction, the kiwi fruit seed oil extraction rate respectively is 20.0%, 26.9% and 28.3%. The components and physicochemical properties of the oil with the three methods are similar. But the acid value of the oil with the mechanical compression is higher than other two. and the quality of the oil is lower than the oil which are gotten with the other two methods. The supercritical CO2 extraction is the optimal method for the kiwi seeds oil extacting.


A spontaneous outbreak of infection with C. kutscheri occurred in a commercial rat colony. Clinical signs were emaciation, hyperpnea, nasal and ocular encrustations, humping of the back, sluggishness, and roughness of the hair coat. Caseopurulent foci, 1 to 15 mm in diameter, occurred, primarily in the lungs and occasionally in the liver, kidneys, and subcutis. Corynebacterium kutscheri was consistently isolated from organs with lesions. Typical lesions were experimentally reproduced in some, but not all, rats inoculated by the intranasal, intraperitoneal, and oral routes with cultures of C. kutscheri.


This paper presents a positive-negative temperature coefficient current generator,which is added to a traditional current mode reference circuit,so that Piecewise-Linear temperature Compensated technique can be used to improve the temperature drift of CMOS bandgap reference circuit within wider temperature range.The proposed circuit is designed by 0.18μm CMOS mix-signal technology.Under the supply voltage of 1.8V,the proposed bandgap reference provides an output voltage of is 0.801V.A temperature coefficient of 2.7ppm / ℃ from-40 ℃ to125 ℃ can be achieved,and line regulation of 1.2 mV/V from1.5V to3.3V.


The western criminal trial took its modern form during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Historians have explored the changes in the criminal trial during this important period, but several issues remain unexplored. (1) One topic that historians and legal experts have failed to give any systematic examination is the use of "challenges to the array" in the jury selection process. (2) A challenge to the array involved a party objecting to the composition of the panel of potential jurors from which the trial jury would be selected. Array challenges often arose in criminal trials when the defendant believed that the sheriff, or other official with responsibility to select the panel, had done so partially--that is, that the sheriff had packed the jury pool with individuals who would find the accused guilty. In an effort to rectify this oversight in the scholarship, this article explores the history of challenges to the array in England and Ireland in the first hall of the nineteenth century. This article builds upon earlier work that traced the nineteenth-century development of challenges to individual jurors through challenges for cause, stand-asides, and peremptory challenges. (3) This research demonstrated that challenges to individual jurors became rare in England when judges limited the ability of defendants to challenge jurors successfully in cases stemming from social unrest. In the United States, on the other hand, the use of challenges increased substantially because packed juries during the War of Independence led to an American preoccupation with achieving impartial juries. Aggressive American lawyers assisted this trend by constantly pushing the boundaries of permissible jury selection practices. The present article first outlines procedural developments in jury selection in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, then explores the use of array challenges in criminal proceedings during the first half of the nineteenth century, and the reasons why this safeguard was, or was not, employed in England and Ireland. It also seeks to weigh the value of array challenges to defendants. (4) This article concludes that array challenges were not a common procedural safeguard, and, more importantly, that the judiciary interpreted this ancient right in a series of cases such that it became a weak instrument for ensuring that officials did not pack juries. In England before 1800, parties could issue array challenges to disqualify jury panels chosen by sheriffs possessing a personal relation ship, whether amicable or acrimonious, with one of the parties. In the nineteenth century, defendants launched array challenges in political trials, particularly in Ireland, where Roman Catholic defendants faced jury panels assembled predominantly of Protestants. These challenges, however, were unsuccessful so unsuccessful, in fact, that there was a de facto extinguishment of array challenges by the end of the nineteenth century. (5) The judiciary rationalized their interpretation of array challenges by emphasizing the need for the justice system to operate rapidly and to appear impartial. I. Jury Selection Procedures Before discussing array challenges, it is first necessary to outline briefly jury selection procedures in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Important property qualifications for jury duty had existed in England since at least the early fifteenth century and continued to exist throughout the nineteenth century. (6) At common law, sheriffs in England identified eligible jurors, chose the jurors to be summoned, and assembled a "panel" or "array" of twelve jurors for each case. (7) In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, criticism emerged regarding the quality of jurors selected and the unwillingness of officials to complete accurately their obligations to select all eligible jurors and omit ineligible ones. (8) This led Parliament to initiate a series of statutory reforms between 1692 and 1730 that altered the mode of empanelling juries. …


(57) computer such as Abstract: desktop computer (4), and mobile devices (3A, 3B) Bidirectional processing method between a mobile device (3A, 3B) and an identifier on the computer (4) and storing (91A, 91B, 15A, 15B) a. Mobile device (3A, 3B) of the identifier (15A, 15B) as a reference, and stores a set of setting values (13A, 13B) to the computer. Selecting one connection from a plurality of connection methods. Mobile device (3A, 3B) according to the selected connection method to connect to the computer (4), the mobile device (3A, 3B) identifier that is stored in (91A, 91B) and a computer (4) comparing the identifier that is stored on (15A, 15B). If the corresponding identifier (15A, 15B) is found, a set of setting values stored (13A, 13B) as a function of the mobile device (3A, 3B) connected and bidirectional processing between the computer (4) to control.


Abstract : The synthesis of variable active networks is investigated in order to obtain a common back ground for the study of variable and self-opti mizing systems. The networks studied have a fre quency or time response that is a function of an independent variable, which is assumed to vary sufficiently slowly with time that the systems can be considered to be time invariant. The only variable elements considered in the study are variable controlled sources. The sufficiency of fixed passive and variable active elements is demonstrated for transfer functions with numerator at least one degree less than denominator in s, the complex frequency. These functions are assumed to be rational in s for fixed x, the independent variable, but arbitrary functions of x. (Author)


This MAGS Water Depot business is an effort to Refill Drinking Water. The purpose of this research was to analyze the feasibility of non-financial and financial aspects of MAGS Water Depot.
Data analysis methods used are qualitative (legal aspects, social and economic aspects, market and marketing aspects, management aspects and human resources and environmental aspects). While the quantitative analysis tool used for the feasibility of financial aspects uses analysis (Present value, Net present Value, Profitability Index, Pay Back Period, Internal rate of Return, Avarage Rate of Return) to find out whether or not it is feasible.
The results of the research showed that MAGS Water Depot business from non-financial aspects was feasible to conduct from the legal aspects, social and economic aspects, management aspects and human resources and environmental aspects. The results of the analysis of the financial 10 years ahead show that MAGS Water Depot through Present Value analysis was Rp. 1,581,771,274.-, Net Present Value was Rp. 756,271,274.-, Profitability Index was 37%, Pay back Period was obtained for 3 years 2 months, Internal Rate of Return was 32%, while Avarage Rate of Return was 31% for 10 years.


Labisia pumila or locally known as Kacip Fatimah has been widely used by women in Malaysia to treat post-partum illnesses. This herbaceous undershrub of the Myrsinaceae family has been exploited aggressively as beverages, cosmetics as well as health supplement to promote wellness in the past. This present study was to determine the anti-proliferative properties of L. pumila aqueous extract against prostate cancer cell lines and to identify the active compound which may contribute to the anti-proliferative activity of L. pumila . In this study, the aqueous extract was prepared by using ultrasound assisted extraction method. The preliminary result revealed that L. pumila aqueous extract inhibited the proliferation of the prostate cancer cell lines. The aqueous extract was further fractionated using column chromatography. The result from the scavenging activity test confirmed that L. pumila crude extract and its fraction (F2) displayed a strong activity with 70% inhibition. Total phenolic contents assay was carried out to determine the phenolic compound of the extract and its fractions and the results showed the total phenolic content was higher in the F2 (96.82±0.3 GAE mg/g) compared to crude (63.75±0.1 GAE mg/g) and F1 (73.75±0.1 GAE mg/g). In conclusion, these findings suggested that the crude and fraction (F2) of L. pumila contain phenolic compounds that act as anti-proliferative agent against proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro .


A novel method of extraction of emitter and base resistances of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) involving both static characteristics and low frequency noise data is proposed and tested on quasi-self-aligned BJTs. The method requires no special test structures and applies to transistors working in the normal operation regime. It may be therefore readily applied to test procedures for various types of BJTs.


What higher education is still primarily concerned with when it comes to teaching communication skills, is the teaching of cognitive-academic language and related textual genres. In society and the workplace, however, these genres have limited relevance. Teachers, for example, primarily communicate with people outside of the professional in-crowd: they communicate with pupils and also parents, often with various ethnic backgrounds, and they make use of new media and technologies in order to do so. In a two-year project, funded by the KU Leuven Association, a multidisciplinary team is developing a toolkit to help all teachers and students in higher education with conceptualizing and developing strategic, multimodal communication designs for real-world situations. The project aims at bringing together relevant insights from the fields of ICT, graphical design and communication, and making these insights available for teachers and students. In this paper, the results of several pilot projects and testing sessions are discussed. In general, the toolkit seems promising in helping teachers to create an educational environment in which students are offered opportunities to prepare themselves for communicative life outside the walls of higher education.


This paper tries to figure out the differences between the results of the t-test and the Wilcoxon test in a simulation study.


This study sought to determine if total resistance training volume (RTvol) could predict functional outcome (Physical Demand Level; PDL) following a sports performance based rehabilitation program in workers' compensation rotator cuff repair patients (n=42). RTvol = Weight * Sets * Repetitions; daily average for the first and last week. PDL was measured at program completion (KEY Method) and classified by occasional occupational lifting requirements: LIGHT (L; 20lbs), LIGHT‐MEDIUM (LM; 35lbs), MEDIUM (M; 50 lbs), MEDIUM‐HEAVY (MH; 75lbs), HEAVY (H; 100lbs), VERY HEAVY (VH; >100lbs). ANOVA analyzed relationships between PDL and RTvol Fisher's Exact Test was used post‐hoc. Paired t‐test assessed first/last week change. Alpha=0.05. Data are mean±SEM. PDLs were L=1, LM=6, MH=13, H=10, VH=12. For analysis the L patient was eliminated. First week RTvol were: LM 5751±1329 lbs; MH 10502±1152 lbs; H 16910±1965 lbs; VH 18879±2555 lbs. First week RTvol was higher in H and VH groups compared to LM and MH groups. RTvol increased during the program in all groups. Last week RTvol were: LM 7299±806 lbs; MH 20386±1697 lbs; H 27430±2589 lbs; VH 33399±2354 lbs. Last week RTvol increased significantly between each successive PDL group. Linear regression yielded a correlation coefficient of R2=0.61 for the relationship between RTvol and PDL. These results suggest that RTvol can predict PDL following a rehabilitation program.


The use of bronchodilators plays an important role in respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. This article looks at the types of bronchodilators available, their onset and duration of action, side-effects and contraindications. It is hoped that by taking these into consideration, prescribing of bronchodilators in combination with other medication such as corticosteroids (which will be discussed in the next issue of the journal), will lead to effective therapy and reduced morbidity and mortality for the patient.


It changes the traditional idea of process design from component part-oriented to product-oriented aiming for the enlargement of the application and integration of CAPP. The general idea of product-oriented CAPP design is analyzed. The implementation technology of some of the main modules such as product structure tree, process design, the searching for machine-tools and the output of process cards is also introduced.


The angular distributions of oxygen atoms incident on surfaces in low earth orbit have been calculated for a number of ambient gas temperatures. Atom fluxes to surfaces were modeled by integrals over all permitted angles of incidence. Angles of incidence are limited by masking structures, and a number of types of mask were considered. Combustible surfaces exposed to the orbital atmosphere are heavily etched, creating profiles in mask shadows that are sensitive to ambient temperatures. The influence of the angular distributions on the characteristics of etched surfaces is discussed. Profiles measured for a September, 1983 flight were fitted to this model profile with a temperature of 750 + or - 50 K, which agrees with estimates based on solar activity at that time. Applications to sensing ambient temperatures and oxygen atom densities are discussed.


This paper introduces the architecture of the Online Intelligent Counseling System or OICSTM. The system is a web-based counseling management system in conjunction to promote counseling services virtually to online users, mainly to Malaysians. The unique of OICSTM is it has counseling appointment scheduling system which the system itself is able to detect the availability of the counseling room and the counselor's schedule. On top of that, the system allows the users to manage their client documentation in the e-forms menu provided. All forms are secured and verified by both counselor and client where they have a security features. OICSTM also provides electronic counseling services such as counseling via email, psychological testing, counseling products, and counseling academic supervision. For academic purposes, the OICSTM allows communication between supervisor and supervisee. As a result, the system enhances their teaching and learning. To conclude, OICSTM is a trial basis web-based counseling online management system and it is expected to be a high-quality system to help e-counselors or e-counseling educators as well as e-clients as the main system users.


The base- and lipase-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of cyanohydrin esters was investigated, and the problem of previously reported low yields due to residual water in the reaction mixture was addressed. When the lipase was immobilised on Celite R-633 as a carrier, both the enantioselectivity and the reaction times for this dynamic kinetic resolution were improved, thus enabling a highly enantioselective synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic cyanohydrin acetates.


Introduction: The incidence of infection in school-age children can be caused by the negligence of children in carrying out personal hygiene, namely washing hands and due to contact with individuals who have been infected with pathogens. Infectious diseases that often suffer are upper respiratory infection, diarrhea, and intestinal worms with symptoms of fever. Preventive efforts that can be done by children are personal hygiene (washing hands). Prevention of infection in children is done by teaching school-age children to wash their hands properly. The objective of this study was to analyze personal hygiene skills (hand washing) with the incidence of infection in children.
Methods: The method in this study was a pre-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The samples were 20 respondents of school-age children. Differences in pretest-posttest personal hygiene skills (hand washing).
Results: The results are based on data collected from 20 subjects, the results of the pretest-posttest personal hygiene skills (hand washing) in the Wilcoxon test, there was a significant difference, namely (p = 0.541).
Conclusion: There was no correlation between personal hygiene (hand washing) and the incidence of infection.


This thesis deals with the determination of selected antioxidants in plant material. It is focused especially to the application of modern extraction techniques. Those are pressurized fluid extraction (PFE), ultrasonic bath extraction (USE) and ultrasonic extraction with homogenizer (HOM). Further, description of antioxidants, its characteristics and appearance are included in the theoretical part. Also the basic principles of used extraction techniques together with high-performance liquid chromatography are described in details. In the experimental part there are presented all analysed plants together with standards characterization. Instrument descriptions together with used procedures are included as well. Sample preparation procedure and especially optimisation of PFE conditions are mentioned in the results and discussion part. Analysis of individual extract by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector is also described in this part. Finally, the comparison of various extraction methods based on the contents of target compounds in 10 real plant samples was performed.


The scientific research level of local normal colleges and universities determines that whether this kind of colleges and universities can complete the transformation requirements of the new period. The literature analysis is an important method to evaluate the scientific research level of colleges and universities. This paper analyzes the papers publication status of the teachers of Shangqiu Normal College, puts forward the indexes for the evaluation on the scientific research level of local normal colleges and universities, and holds that it is still and important task for local normal colleges and universities to improve scientific research level under the background of transformation of local colleges and universities, and should pay more attentions on the research of applied science strengthen the scientific research ability to serve the local development in the future.


This paper addresses the problem of blind separation of linear convolutive mixtures. We first reformulate the problem into a blind separation of linear instantaneous mixtures, and then a statistical approach is applied to solve the reformulated problem. From the statistics of the mixtures, two kinds of matrix pencils are constructed to estimate the mixing matrix. The original sources are then separated with the estimated mixing matrix. For the purpose of computational efficiency and robustness, in the matrix pencil, one matrix is constructed from the second order statistics, and the other is constructed from the third order statistics. The proposed novel methods do not require the exact knowledge of the channel order. Simulation results show that the methods are robust and have good performance.


The problems of identification under conditions of large-scale disasters have been analysed. We have examined some approaches of polymorphous blood serum and plasma protein application as identifiers at the process of identification.


Sadly, the last few decades have not seen a lack of tragedies big or small on U.S. campuses of higher education. Erica Eckert demonstrates that such profound events, when faced openly and honestly, can provide useful learning opportunities for educators and students.


Summary

The reproductive tracts of three species of Ethiopian hyaenids are discussed. These species are Crocuta crocuta, Hyaena hyaena and Proteles cristatus, this being the first detailed description of the two latter species. The greatest anatomical variations are found between the females of Crocuta crocuta and Hyaena hyaena, while striking similarities are present among the males of Crocuta crocuta, Hyaena hyaena, and Proteles cristatus.


The invention relates to devices and methods for cleaning and increasing the concentration of magnetic particles in a dispersion. A Magnetabscheidevorrichtung (100) for cleaning and increasing the concentration of magnetic particles in a dispersion (130) - a chamber (102) for receiving the dispersion (130) with the magnetic particles, which (at least a dispersion inlet (104) for supplying the dispersion (130), a flush inlet (108) for supplying a rinse solution (134) and an outlet 110) (for draining fluids from the chamber (102) into a waste 112) or a product container (114), and - a projecting into the chamber (102) Rohrtulle (116) for the attachment of the magnetic particles in the switch a Rohrtulle (116) and extendable rod magnet (118) or contains a switched on and off solenoid rod.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of children with tuberous sclerosis complex complicated with epilepsy.Methods The clinical data of 33 children tuberous sclerosis complex complicated with epilepsy were analyzed retrospectively.Results Thirty-three cases of children had different epilepsy onset age,form of attack,family history and febrile seizures history,differences in children with medication quantity was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).For children with different birth history and developmental condition,the difference of medication quantity was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The age of first seizure onset was positively correlated with newly diagnosed age (P =0.015),there was positive correlation between seizures incentives and febrile seizures (P =0.021Children skin lesions did not correlated with developmental retardation (P =0.409).Conclusions Children with birth abnormalities or abnormal development of the situation may need a joint anti-epileptic medication.The epileptic starting earlier the age,the more benefit from early treatment.History of febrile seizures was children more likely to cause epilepsy.Children with the skin lesions may have normal intelligence.

Key words:
Tuberous sclerosis complex; Epilepsy; Children


The problem of the attitude of the State to imprisonment and prisoners within different historical periods is considered. The personal genesis of basic principles of this category is distinguished on the base of historical information.


Abstract Rational Pavelka logic extends Łukasiewicz infinitely valued logic by adding truth constants r̄ for rationals in [0. 1]. We show that this is a conservative extension. We note that this shows that provability degree can be defined in Łukasiewicz logic. We also give a counterexample to a soundness theorem of Belluce and Chang published in 1963.


The phase-switched screen (PSS) has been proved effective in the application of shielding a target or deceiving the radar system when the modulation frequency of it is set greater or smaller than the signal bandwidth. This paper analyses impacts of false targets generated by PSS (PSS-decoys) echoes on radar constant false alarm rate detection. The generation principle of PSS-decoys and the key factors that influence the signatures of PSS-decoys are introduced briefly at first. On base of it, the detection cost caused by the false alarm and false dismissal in a search period of radar is chosen as the criteria of detection performance. The detection costs of CA-CFAR, OS-CFAR, CMLD-CFAR detectors under multiple decoys jamming environment are analysed. Specially, we investigate the influence of the PSS key factors on detection costs from the perspective of simulation. The results show that detection costs will increase remarkably due to false targets existing and it is sensitive to the switching frequency, and the relationship to the duty ratio is tightly relevant to SNR. Among three detectors, the detection costs of CMLD-CFAR detector are higher than that of adopting CA-CFAR and that of adopting OS-CFAR.


This article presents parents' opinions regarding relationship and parenting skills, based on analysis of the 2006 General Population of Parents Survey. Parents were more likely to reject than agree with the statements: 'The skills needed to maintain a good relationship with their partner come naturally to most people' and 'The skills needed to be a good parent come naturally to most people'. The results suggested that people are likely to modify their views about relationship and parenting skills through experience. However, it should be noted that young parents may not hold the opinions of older parents when they reach the age of the older parents. Whatever the level of change that we might expect from today's young parents, a substantial proportion of these parents appear to be unaware of the importance of experience, and most probably of relationship and parenting education programs, for the development of relationship and parenting skills.


A 65-year-old woman with a 15-year history of diabetes presented with fever (temperature, 38.5°C), chills, malaise, and a rash on the medial surface of the right thigh, vulva, and lower abdominal wall (Panel A). The symptoms had progressed during the previous 48 hours. Three days earlier, she had visited a general practitioner for recurrent vulvar pruritus accompanied by excoriation due to scratching. A yeast infection was diagnosed, and she was treated with a topical antifungal agent. On admission, the physical examination revealed crepitus of the abdominal wall, with no vaginal discharge or evidence of a perianal abscess. Laboratory results included . . .


By reviewing the literatures about marriage squeeze,discussed of the statements,reasons,meturements and impacts of marriage squeeze,recalled the main research results,pointed out the shortcomings of the study,and make the forecast to the future.Finally I suggested that we should research marriage squeeze from the population security and harmonious society perspective.


The(Ca0.7Nd0.2)TiO3-(Li0.5Nd0.5)TiO3(CLNT) ceramic powder was prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method.The effects of different amount of BaCu(B2O5)(BCB) additives on the sintering behaviors and dielectric properties of CLNT ceramics have been investigated.The results showed that the sintering temperature of CLNT ceramics was lowered by 250 ℃,and the second phase has been observed in this system.The excellent dielectric properties of er=94.03,tan δ=0.009 7,τf=1.076×10-6/ ℃(at 1 MHz) were obtained when the CLNT ceramic with 5%BCB additives was sintered at 950 ℃ for 2 h.The dielectric loss of CLNT ceramic with 5%BCB was lower than that of the pure pellets.


The magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial ultrathin Fe films (4.1–12.7 ML) grown on GaAs (100) are studied using ex situ magnetooptical Kerr (MOKE) loop measurement and Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR). They give consistent results. The behavior of out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic anisotropy is evaluated from the FMR data. A strong second order out-of-plane anisotropy and an in-plane uniaxial anisotropy are observed to decrease with thickness. A moderate fourth order out-of-plane anisotropy and a four-fold in-plane anisotropy appear for thicker films and increase with thickness. Their origins are discussed.


Natural Language Processing for under-resourced languages is now a mainstream research area. However, there are limited studies on Natural Language Processing applications for many indigenous East African languages. As a contribution to covering the current gap of knowledge, this paper focuses on evaluating the application of well-established machine translation methods for one heavily under-resourced indigenous East African language called Lumasaaba. Specifically, we review the most common machine translation methods in the context of Lumasaaba including both rule-based and data-driven methods. Then we apply a state of the art data-driven machine translation method to learn models for automating translation between Lumasaaba and English using a very limited data set of parallel sentences. Automatic evaluation results show that a transformer-based Neural Machine Translation model architecture leads to consistently better BLEU scores than the recurrent neural network-based models. Moreover, the automatically generated translations can be comprehended to a reasonable extent and are usually associated with the source language input.


The analytical potential energy function for the ground state of HCl\++\-2(X\+1A′) is derived by many body expansion method using its equilibrium geometry, dissociation energy, harmonic frequencies and force constants calculated. A HCl\++…Cl saddle is found which energy is l eV in height compared with the channel HCl ++Cl.


The communication and networking system with intelligent reflective surface (IRS) can effectively improve security and spectrum efficiency. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is widely used to increase the coverage and flexibility of the network. The integration of IRS and UAV is expected to enable flexible, energy-efficient, and secure communication networks. In this paper, an IRS-assisted UAV network is considered, \boldsymbol the UAV equipped with one IRS serves as a passive relay. Our main problem is to maximize the secrecy rate of the system through jointly optimizing the UAV location and phase shifts of the IRS. To solve this problem, an iterative algorithm is proposed, \boldsymbol the UAV location is optimized with fixed phase shifts and the phase shifts are optimized with updated UAV location. The numerical results show that the proposed design can achieve a good secrecy performance.