Four species were selected within the littoral of Tshegera Island, and include H. astatodon, H. olivaceus, H. crebridens and H. paucidens. These species, identified on basis of the SMRS, express their individuality most strongly with respect to dentition, breeding colours, normal habitat and preferred breeding territory. All four species are maternal mouthbrooders. This reproductive strategy is characterized by complete division of labour and polygamy. Breeding males compete for optimal territories and ready to spawn females. They are characterized by fast growth, large size and overall low condition factor. Females invest in few but large yolked ova and go through a fasting period while incubating the eggs. Females are generally characterized by slower growth, smaller size and higher condition factor when compared to males. In females the energy turnover during gonadal development and subsequent mouthbrooding is high, but the energy expenditure low. Mean fecundity varies between 25 and 36 eggs per brood and mean egg size between 2.6 and 2.7 rnrn. The right ovary, although small, is functional. Breeding of variable intensity goes on throughout the year. The main dry season corresponds to synchronized breeding. During the other months of the year species breed asynchronously. Both types of breeding are related to food availability for adults and offspring. The major breeding peak which starts in July coincides to improved body condition in both sexes. In similarity with the East African flocks, the Lake Kivu haplochromines display subdivision within the major trophic groups and invasion of the major lacustrine habitats. They are nevertheless morphologically and ecologically generalized. They tend to be plesiomorphic with low diversification within each trophic group, have a lake wide distribution (eurytopic) and incline to be altricial within their specialized reproductive guild. The evolutionary status of the Lake Kivu haplochromines may be explained by survival of members of an ancestral fauna in an isolated bay during the Recent volcanic events which destroyed life in the Main Basin. The Lake Kivu flock, therefore, is a relict and is believed not to have evolved within the confines of the present-day lake.


In this study, we present the findings of an investigation of the effectiveness of 3 models of premarital education. The study compares the outcomes between a workbook-only self-directed program, a therapist-directed (unstructured) program, and an assessment-based (RELATE) relationship enhancement program. Results revealed significant differences in effectiveness between the 3 approaches at the 6-month follow-up. The assessment-based program had more influence than the therapist-directed and self-directed programs on problem areas and was better than the therapist-directed program at improving communication and relationship satisfaction. Participants indi- cated that the most helpful aspects of these programs were the opportunity to discuss previously undiscussed issues, improvements in communication, and the perspectives provided by the facilitator.


This paper focuses on the implementation of the Phase I portion of an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) plan for Inglewood California. The components for this phase include an expanded an upgraded Traffic Management Center, fiber optic communication advanced traffic signal system, and CCTV surveillance cameras.


PURPOSE: A TRO(Total Residual Oxidant) measuring device of a continuous measurement method is provided to position a reagent inserting unit and a concentration measuring unit successively in a direction where collected water flows into an inlet-outlet water chamber formed into an integrated pipe, thereby enabling to measure the concentration of a TRO in real-time. CONSTITUTION: A TRO measuring device of a continuous measurement method comprises a housing unit(110), a sensing unit(120), and an inlet-outlet water chamber(130). The housing unit is arranged in the lateral surface of a water sampling pipe(10). The sensing unit is arranged inside the housing unit and measures the concentration of a TRO. Collected water flows into the housing unit or is discharged from the same through the inlet-outlet water chamber. The sensing unit, which is connected to one side of the inlet-outlet water chamber, includes a reagent inserting unit(121) and a concentration measuring unit(122). A DPD reagent is inserted via the reagent inserting unit. The concentration measuring unit formed in the rear side of the reagent inserting unit measures the concentration of the TRO by transmitting lights to the collected water where the DPD reagent is inserted. [Reference numerals] (AA) Inflow of processed water; (BB) Movement of processed water


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Zaid, Abdullah S., "Important counsels to kings and imams by Shaykh A̒lwan ( A̒li Ibn A̒ttiyyah al-Hamawi) ; translation, with a historic introduction, the biography of the author and commentaries on the text" (1977). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2125.


A nonlinear strain energy for flexural-torsional buckling of web-tapered thin-walled beams is derived. Based on the derived total strain energy,finite element (FE) analysis is carried out for cantilevered beams and simply supported beams under concentrated loads and uniformly distributed loads. The results are compared with ANSYS FE analysis based on shell elements. The presented theory predicts good results compared with currently available other theories. By using the proposed theory and FE analysis,critical moments of simply supported beams with linearly tapered sections under linearly varying bending moments are obtained,then,an approximate formula with good accuracy is proposed,which has a similar expression to that for beams of uniform cross-section.


A recursive network is proposed by introducing memory neurons based on the RBF network. Due to the current output value of the network is related to the past input value in the network, the network will be able to identify the dynamics of the system without the need of explicitly feedback of input and output in the past. Thus, the network is able to identify a system has an unknown order or an unknown delay. Training algorithm and the theoretical rationality are provided in this paper. The validity of the method is verified by simulation of dynamic system identification, and it is of great significance in the field of adaptive control.


Abstract : The imaging properties of parametric upconversion have been investigated analytically and experimentally for the case of monochromatic object waves, and photographs of upconverted 10.6 micrometers images obtained. Using geometric optics an expression was derived relating the locations of the object, the pump and the upconverted image. The effect of higher order factors such as crystal birefringence, phase mismatch, and pump wave divergence were considered qualitatively. The analysis was then extended by applying the techniques of physical optics. Using Fourier transformer formalism an expression was derived relating the angular spectrum of the sum-frequency field with that of the object and pump fields. Two cases were examined in detail, one using a plane wave pump and the other with a Gaussian distributed pump beam.


Abstract : This report describes the work performed during the third year of a three-year program of research and development directed towards transferring the Adaptive Computerized Training System (ACTS) into the training environment at Ft. Gordon Georgia. The ACTS is a training system used to teach electronic troubleshooting procedures with particular emphasis focused on the accurate representation of expert knowledge. Artificial Intelligence techniques are applied to the training situation by employing knowledge acquisition features to construct a knowledge base for simulation of electronic equipment under repair.


In this paper we present results from test and quantitative analysis of leading hypervisors Xen, Kvm and Vmware. Our test comparison was carried out using benchmarks which can performance on the overall performance, performance isolation, and scalability of virtual machines running on these three hypervisors. To compare, we need to measure the efficiency of the virtualization technologies. We define efficiency equal to performance and scalability. These benchmarks make the results follow the SPEC and TPC standard and easily repeatable .Our goals are to understand how the different architectural decisions taken by different hypervisor developers affect the resulting hypervisors, help hypervisor developers realize areas of improvement for their hypervisors, and to help users make informed decisions about their choice of hypervisor.


The series of research papers and books on Cantonese dialect study usually divide reverse-words in Can- tonese into two categories: 1. the order of the morphemes of some compounds is in reverse with Mandarin Chinese; 2. the morpheme position showing animal gender is at the end position. Based mostly on the Chinese-English Dictionary compiled by Western missionary W. Lobscheid who came to Guangdong, China in the 19th century, this paper studies the preservation and changes of reverse-word in Cantonese over a hundred years. It briefly probes into the developments of reverse-words in Cantonese. The result of research reveals that Cantonese dialect, which belongs to the Chinese na- tional common language, develops under the influence of it.


By analysis of "flourishing owing to education, declining due to education" from Xue Ji, a famous pedagogy monograph in Xianqin periods, this paper analyzes the four basic pedagogical principles of ancient times——principles of prevention, time, process, and inspection and learning. It puts forward that modern education should learn from the experience and lessons of ancient education whose thoughts have an important impact on modern education reform.


It has been suggested that underrepresentation of blacks in professional nursing results from insufficient black-nurse role models. This study of 331 black and white freshman nursing students in three, two year, associate degree programs argues that blacks are not professional nurses for reasons other than a lack of role models. The results show that the black and white students differ little in regards to values and orientation toward nursing. The socio-economic variation between the black and white students appears to account for the small variation observed. Discrimination by schools of nursing is suggested as the major barrier to blacks becoming registered nurses. It has been predicted that the supply of registered nurses in the Unites States will soon be critically inadequate. (Lysaught, 1970) Nursing educators have declared that effective patient care is in jeopardy without additional sources of nursing manpower. Blacks, as well as other minority groups, are considered ideal for recruitment into nursing. (Lysaught, 1970:137) It. appears, however, that blacks have been systematically excluded from professional nursing careers by discriminatory practices and economic and educational deprivation. Although the presence of a number of predominatly black schools of nursingl alleviates to some extent the vast underrepre2 sentation of black registered nurses, their numbers remain few. There is a scarcity of data about blecksPin nursing. The few studies in this area point out discriminatory practices, (Morais, 1969; Staupers, 1,961; Shanauhan,


Byzantine art is by no means dead after the conquest of Constantinople. The Orthodox communities within the Ottoman empire formed the "Greek Millet," the Greek nation which was, however, not a national but a religious unit and comprised Greeks, Serbians, Bulgarians, and Roumanians as far as they lived under the scepter of the Sultan. These communities administered their own laws for marriage, inheritance, etc., just as the believers were ruled by the Sheriat.


On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological and Karst feature of Sifangjing Karst spring watershed,we employed regression analysis and dry-season runoff modulus to calculate the natural recharge and recoverable resources according to long-time observations of springs in serious drought of 2009-2010.The results are 15.226 million m3/a and 5.8571 million m3/a,respectively.We also calculated the natural discharge as 15.338 million m3/a by using runoff modulus and compared it with the assessment result from regression analysis.It's found that regression analysis has higher reliability.


The effects of bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala on the neophobia to a novel solution and on the conditioned taste aversion were investigated in 35 male CFW mice. Analysis of consumed saccharine solution showed that the amygdala lesions in mice diminished the neophobia and conditioned taste aversion. These findings were consistent with previous data from rats and suggested that amygdala is an important area for processing gustatory information in mice.


25 Introduction 26 Materials and Methods 28 Microbial Studies 29 Brix and Titratable Acidity 30 Weight Loss During Storage 31 Experimental Design 31 Sensory Analysis 31 Gas Chromatograph (GC) Analysis 32 Results and Discussion 33 2012 Inoculation Studies 35 2013 Trials 36 REFERENCES 55


The resonance Raman spectrum of Sepia eumelanin is discussed by analogy to model compounds containing catechol (CAT)‐like structural units. These data are then compared with the analogous data on Fe(III)‐enriched Sepia eumelanin. In contrast to the natural eumelanin, the Fe(III)‐enriched samples exhibit absorption features in the visible and near‐IR spectral regions, which are attributed to ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (LMCT) bands. Resonance Raman spectra collected by exciting these LMCT bands reveal bands at 580 and 1470 cm−1; the intensity of these features increases wioth increasing Fe(III) content. The 580 and 1470 cm−1 bands are assigned to Fe‐OR stretching and ring deformation modes, respectively. These data further substantiate that the Fe(III)‐ melanin‐binding site in melanin is composed of CAT‐like structural units.


The basic archival practices for arrangement and description of architectural records evolved prior to the electronic era. Now as more is being learned about digital documentation of architecture, the underlying principles of arrangement and description continue to be validated even as archival practices evolve. In archival arrangement the principles of provenance or respect des fonds and original order are now being understood as a way to capture and retain information on the source and organization of groups of documents. In archival description, computer-based information tools have become widely adopted and the power of the internet and the world wide web are improving delivery of information. As technological solutions continue to evolve, the underlying principles and goals of archival arrangement and description will remain unchanged even as they continue to be adapted to the changing information environment.


Recently, fourth-party logistics (4PL) is receiving considerable attention in the manufacturing and retail industries. However, due to the complexity, the research of routing problem in 4PL is in an initial stage. The existing study does not consider the complicated problem with node-edge property. This paper studies the node-to-node routing problem in 4PL. A mathematical model is set up based on nonlinear integer programming and multigraph. With respect to the problempsilas characteristics a hybrid immune algorithm is designed. The simulation shows that the hybrid immune algorithm is effective for solving the problem and provides an efficient method for making decision on routing in 4PL.


Indonesia's population growth every year is increasing. Population growth certainly results in an increase in the number of labor force. However, this will become a problem in the world of work if the increasing number of labor force is not proportional to the amount of labor absorption. This problem is very important considering its relation to the level of social welfare. This study aims to determine the impact of economic openness on employment in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study and uses time series data, namely Export, Exchange Rate, FDI and Labor data using the ECM model. The results of this study indicate that in the long run Exports, Exchange Rates and FDI have a positive and significant effect on Absorption of Labor in Indonesia. Whereas in the short term Exports, Exchange Rates and FDI have a positive and insignificant effect on the Absorption of Labor in Indonesia in 1993-2022. And the ECT value in the short term has a negative and insignificant effect which indicates that there is a short-term imbalance in the long term.


The U.S. Domestic Scan program creates opportunities for face-to-face information sharing and knowledge building between transportation agency professionals on selected timely topics. Its goals are broad information dissemination and accelerated implementation of new transportation technologies and best practices. A companion to this program was a study to assess formally how well the program was meeting these goals. The study employed different collection instruments, including online surveys, telephone interviews, and webinars, to learn the extent of follow-up activities for six early scans conducted through the U.S. Domestic Scan program. Investigators communicated with a range of stakeholders: scan participants, the project oversight panel, and, notably, nonparticipants, those individuals who learned about the scan secondhand through formal or informal channels. Results confirmed that the scans were achieving their core missions: participants were making critical professional connections, sharing scan findings across a wide network of audiences, and making use of the findings at their home agencies. Nonparticipants were also found to use findings to support their own implementation efforts and to share the information with others and thus further propagate the ripple effect of information dissemination. Additional insights from the scan participants and oversight panel inform recommendations and best practices for technology transfer and accelerated implementation for any research program.


The reality is that technological progress and industrial revolution have resulted in a brilliant material civilization, but a degraded environment. Environmental quality assessment is the basis and precondition of environmental studies. Here, we attempt to scientifically characterize environmental quality, and evaluation indicators and measurement methods. We summarize the deviation and inadequacies of environmental quality assessment from three aspects including perspective, scope and results. We found that the concepts of environmental quality and environmental pollution have been confused in research. It cannot accurately reflect the real situation of environmental quality, and weakens the function of environmental quality assessment. Under the research scope, the environment absorption has been unnoticed. Environment quality evaluation cannot measure the achievements of social development, which includes desirable outputs and undesirable outputs, for example pollution and noise. There is lack of assessment results of the comprehensive environmental quality in current research. We consider it important and urgent to standardize the research paradigm, build an environment absorption study system, and consider environment quality, environment pollution and environment absorption factors under a unified research framework to construct the index of environmental comprehensive assessment in China. Comprehensive index factors should be taken into account for regional economic development and comprehensive environmental pollution, composition elements of environment, scientific environmental quality monitoring and assessment method, and the availability of data.


This paper presents results from an investigation on a nonlinear compressor control. The useful range of operation of turbo compressors is limited by choking at high rate flows and by the onset of instability known as surge at low rate flows. Traditionally, this instability has been avoided by using control systems that prevent the operating point of the compressor to enter in the unstable region. It is not efficient to apply classical controllers, such as simple P, PI and PID when the parameters of compression system change frequently. The aim of our work is to design and simulate an intelligent controller. A simulation part is clearly presented with the advantages of the intelligent system.


t In theory the underlying logic entails that, a country should borrow as long as the capital thus acquired produces a rate of return that is higher than the cost of the foreign borrowing. In that event, the economy of the borrowing country will result in increased capacity coupled with expanding output via the aid of foreign savings. With countries in Sub-Saharan Africa adopting an economic development strategy that significantly relies on external financing, the study sets out with the aim to uncover the existent relationship between external debt burden and economic growth for the period 1990 to 2016 in 38 selected Sub-Saharan countries. To do this, panel data econometric techniques of Generalized Method of Moments was employed to evaluate the relationship. The results from the generalized method of moment indicated that, economies of Sub-Saharan Africa are negatively affected by external debt. Also, external debt was found to be more deleterious to middle income economies compared to their counterparts low income economies.


Test results from the MIT 12 Tesla Coil experiment are presented. The coil was tested in the High Field Test Facility (HFTF) of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in October 1984 and January 1985. The experiment measured the performance of an Internally Cooled, Cabled Superconductor (ICCS) of practical size, intended for use in magnetic fusion experiments. The MIT coil carried 15 kA at 11 T for 5 min with no sign of instability. A half turn length in a 10 T field was able to absorb a heat load in 4 msec of more than 200 mJ/cm/sup 3/ of cable volume while carrying a current of 12 kA. The MIT coil successfully met the performance requirements of the Department of Energy's 12 Tesla Coil Program.


Education plays an important role in the lives of individuals and communities, and can not be separated from public life. Educational needs of the community is increasingly rising, according to the times. Education is closely related to the values that exist in society and culture. So simple, however civilization of a society, in which the progress of an educational process. Moral degradation can occur because of a nation loses its identity. They can not defend what the credentials for this. They are complacent and are less able to filter out the culture in Indonesia. But in fact, these people have Pancasila. Pancasila is now beginning to fade characteristics of consciousness to experience it. Starting from the first to the fifth, all including various lines of human life lived. Therefore, we must consider the need to reaffirm the national identity, ideology. Deepening the values of Pancasila done through activities or experiences of concrete, so that the values of Pancasila embedded and terhayati in life. The moral quality of a nation must always be maintained and enhanced in accordance with the personality of the nation, as well as the people of Indonesia should maintain and improve its quality. The realization of the Indonesian nation that has quality is reflected by the good and bad things done by the people of Indonesia. In line with the goals of education includes an overview of the values of good, great, fast, true, and beautiful for life so when you want to become a quality they should pay more attention to moral education both through formal, informal and non-formal based on the values of Pancasila.


This passage introduces basic principle of calibration for sensor of wave height and design of drive system for calibrating equipment of sensor of wave height.The drive system consists of AC servomotor,ball screw and rectilinear orbit etc..The sensor of wave height is driven by AC servomotor and ball screw to come true a vertical motion and a precise position.


A 66-year-old man who presented with repeated hematemesis three times for 7 days with a history of cirrhosis and schistosomiasis was admitted to our department. The Child-Pugh score was A/6, and MELD score was 9. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the portal vein revealed gastric varices (GVs) and gastrorenal shunt (GRS) (9–18 mm in diameter). Endoscopy showed gastric fundal varices (diameter in 5 cm). Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) was planned to undertake as a secondary prophylaxis. BRTO was performed by using a 14-mm balloon catheter inserted via the right femoral vein. However, the GRS cannot be completely occluded and the blood flow signals can still be obviously observed by angiography [Figure 1]. At that time, immediate endoscopic


The Uniform Management of Public Employee Retirement Systems Act is a recent product of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Approved by the Commissioners in 1997, the Act provides uniform rules in two important areas: the standards of fiduciary conduct and the disclosure obligations of public pension funds. In the former area, the Act provides a clear statement of the standards of fiduciary conduct and, in so doing, permits and encourages public pension systems to engage in modern investment practices. On disclosure, the Act provides broad obligations intended to provide rich and detailed information to those with an interest in monitoring public pension systems. In this article, Professor Willborn introduces the Act to the academic and general legal communities by providing a careful analysis of the provisions of the Act. These provisions are often complex because public pension systems themselves are complex organizations that call for sophisticated regulation.


Curriculum 2013 has started to be implemented in schools, including in SD N 2 Kutosari. One of its realizations is the thematic learning for grade 1, 2, 4, and 5. The implementation needs a good classroom management in order to achieve maximum learning objectives. However, in the actual act, there are still teachers who have difficulties in managing the classroom for the thematic learning. The purpose of this research was to describe problems in the classroom management for the thematic learning in SD N 2 Kutosari. The approach used in this research was qualitative with descriptive analysis. The data were collected through observation, documentation, and interview to the teachers. Result showed that there are problems, such as (1) Students feltbored easily to the learning subject (2) Students were busy talking with their friends (3) Students were busy to get attention from the teachers and the other students (4) The number of students in class exceeded the ideal number (5) Students tended to choose friends in group discussion (6) Less interesting subject (7) A static classroom setting.


amount of labour on an exposition of Hebrews, published under the name of Remigius, Bishop of Rheims (Jlfaxima Bib/iotlzcca, vol. viii. pp. 8891124), and also under that of Haimo, Bishop of Halberstadt (3fil>ie, vol. cxvii. pp. 361-938). To his patience, which must have been positively unlimited when one considers the material with which he had to deal, we owe the establishing of the fact that the commentary belonged to neither of these bishops, but is the work of a simple French monk, Haimo of Auxerre, whose pupil Heiric was the teacher of another Remigius, of Auxerre. The names had become confused; hence the erroneous designations of the commentary. For those of us who may have little inclination to read Haimo, the main point of importance about his commentary is its marked dependence on its Patristic predeCeSSOrS notably Chrysostoln's Homilies. He shrinks from pronouncing judgments of his own, preferring to give his readers their choice of various


To study the effect of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on bone metabolism in Chinese women,sixty volunteers were divided into the experimental group (n=30)and the control group (n=30) randomly. The experimental group accepted 150 mg DMPA for contraception for 1 year. The control group women's husbands used condom for contraception for 1 year. Blood lev- els of E2 and AKP,urine levels of Ca/Cr and Hyp/Cr were measured. BMC and BMD of ultradis- tal forearm were measured. The result shows that there was no significant differences of blood levels of E2 and AKP, urine levels of Ca/Cr and Hyp/Cr(P0. 05) between these two groups Neither of the BMC and BMD of ultradistal forearm(P0. 05). We conclude that there was no effect on bone metabolism after using DMPA for 1 year.


Sandwich structures devices of type M1/MePc/M2 have been fabricated by successive vacuum deposition of M1 (Ohmic hole injections contact: Au), MePc (ZnPc, NiPc) and M2 (electrode with low work function: Al) thin films were thermally evaporate on glass substrates maintained at room temperatures under high vacuum (10 -6 torr).The DC electrical parameters and conduction processes in MePc (ФZnPc=4.7 ev) films were investigated by studying the J (V) characteristics for two contacts such Au (ФAu=5.1 ev) and Al (ФAl=4.28 ev). The charge transport phenomenon in the MePc films seems to depend highly on the electrode material and the temperature. The transport parameters, derived at room temperature are consistent with the values reported for some other authors on MePc's. The results indicate that the electrical properties of ZnPc films are affected by oxygen molecules where play the role of acceptor dopant. The addition of O2 increases the conductivity of MePc thin films by several orders of magnitude. The measurement of the current according to the tension reveals the transition between Ohmic conduction for weak tensions applied (IΩ α V) and space charge limited current (ISCLC α V m ) for high tensions applied. Under forward bias and in the lower tension range structure exhibit an Ohmic conduction identified from current density-tension characteristics at room temperature. At high tension range, a transition from Ohmic comportment to space charge limited conduction (SCLC) has been observed. Also, a transition to exponential traps distribution mode is observed. The transport properties have been obtained from an analysis of the samples in the SCLC regime. The interaction of the charge injected with the localized states determines the behaviour of J (V).


This present paper is meant to show, based on the experiment developed for the first time in Romania, that the concept of single country permanent exhibition used as an instrument of export promotion, may act as an export inhancer. Business organizations from Romania have organized for the first time, a permanent exhibition on the national flag in Sharjah UAE in 2011. Experience acquired in the first year of the exhibition has been gathered in this paper which is arguing that the benefits of such promotional instruments requires time, proper selection of companies and managerial skills.


2065 Background: Gliomas, which constitute the majority of primary brain cancers in adults, are assigned to a particular grade based on histological and molecular criteria set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO). A subset of initially low grade glioma patients transition to a higher grade at recurrence through a process known as malignant transformation (MT). Despite its significant implications on clinical prognosis, MT remains a poorly understood phenomenon in regards to its incidence rates, effects on survival, and potential prognostic factors. Our study aims to elucidate MT in patients that possess a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH) gene, one of the most common genetic alterations in gliomas. Methods: All known IDH mutant glioma patients, seen at UCLA between 1986 and 2022, who received at least 1 repeat resection for presumed recurrent disease were included. Based on surgical pathology reports, patients were categorized into MT and non-transforming progression groups, and further stratified by diagnosis in compliance with the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Relevant clinical information, including patient demographics, survival data, tumor microscopic descriptions, and magnetic resonance imaging, was accessed via electronic medical records. Kaplan Meier analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive power of various clinical, pathological, and radiological markers. Results: Of 724 total IDH mutant patients screened, 253 received a second surgery and were thus incorporated in this study. Among the 196 patients with lower grade pathologies capable of MT, 129 (65.8%) progressed to a higher grade at recurrence while 71 (36.2%) did not. By diagnosis, the incidence rates of MT for initial grade 2 astrocytomas, grade 3 astrocytomas, and grade 2 oligodendrogliomas were determined to be 74.7%, 48.9%, and 66.1%, respectively. MT was associated with worse overall survival and post-recurrence survival compared to non-transformation in astrocytomas, a trend not seen in oligodendrogliomas. Across all relevant diagnoses, a subset of 36 MT patients did not receive treatment in the interval between initial and recurrent surgery, demonstrating the existence of spontaneously occurring MT. Furthermore, consolidating data from pathology and MRI reports revealed that a greater extent of abnormal molecular characteristics at initial diagnosis and earlier post-operative contrast enhancement may predict MT. Conclusions: These results highlight the distinct nature of gliomas that undergo MT, particularly in tumors of astrocytic differentiation. Considering its adverse impact on clinical outcome, understanding and anticipating this phenomenon is instrumental for the determination of optimal treatment among glioma patients.


The purpose of this study was to establish In-Vitro and In-Vivo correlation of immediate release Acyclovir tablets of 800 mg. In vitro and in vivo studies are done on the test product as Acyclovir Tablet..


A highly stable hydrophobic Ba2SiO4:Eu2+ (BSO) phosphor was produced by forming a robust hydrophobic inorganic silicon-oxy-imide-carbide layer on its surface. The process for developing this layer involved coating, ammonolysis, and pyrolysis of chlorosilane. The tightly adhered coating layer had a lotus, leaf-like micro- and nanohierarchical structure and contained CH3 groups, which enhanced the hydrophobicity of the modified phosphor significantly. The modified phosphors treated at 500 °C exhibited remarkable stability in their emission spectra, even after exposure to high-pressure water steam at 100 °C for 48 h, which is attributed to the high stability of the surface layer.


Cucurbita species is a good nutritional vegetable species and belongs to cucurbitaceae family. It is commonly grown throughout the world. It's appearance is of green and yellowish-orange color. It contains so many nutritional values like proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates and phytochemical constituents like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, etc. It shows so many pharmacological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic activities, etc. Keywords: Pumpkin, phytochemicals, anti-diabetic, nutrition, gallic acid Cite this Article Aman Srivastava, Davneet Kaur, Disha Kumari, et al. A Review on Cucurbita. Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany. 2018; 7(3): 15–16p.


This paper estimates a forward-looking reaction function with time-varying parameters to examine changes in the coefficients measuring asymmetries in the preferences of the Central Bank of Brazil (CBB) and verify nonlinearities in the monetary rule arising from the convexity of the Phillips curve. To consider the problem of the endogeneity in the regressors, the two-step procedure proposed by Kim (2006) and Kim and Nelson (2006) is used. The results indicate that: a) the reaction of the Selic rate to the interaction between deviation of inflation and the output gap is not statistically different from zero, suggesting that the nonlinear response of the CBB to inflation and/or output does not follow the convexity Phillips curve; b) in general, the CBB showed an asymmetric preference in favor of an above-target inflation over the period 2002-2005; c) the coefficient measuring the preference asymmetric with respect to the output gap shows a decreasing trend, but it is not statistically significant.


Compositions and methods to achieve a permanent hair color change have been described. These compositions comprise (a) (i) at least one hair oxidation dye precursor, and (ii) a metal cyanate, a composition A containing and (iii) a alkaline agent, (b) (i ) a mixture of a composition B comprising an oxide compound, a mixture of composition B and composition a has a pH of 7-11.


This paper expounds the readers participate in library management is the effective measures to improve library services.Let the reader to participate in library management is to achieve the mutual communication,deepen mutual understanding,and alleviate contradictions between the supply and demand of an important means and mode.The reform of library is an important measure,and actively shape advanced service idea.Integration of social resources,improve the quality of the service for readers.


Crisis management and communication are increasingly being challenged by the impact of social media as a forum for crisis communication. Among the many roles that crisis management services embrace, managing outreach information and communication are increasingly important. This study presents a systematic review of articles pertaining to the application of social media to support crisis management. Our review presents that, Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) is the most dominant theory for crisis communication and twitter is the dominant social network site. Also, the review identifies decision-making, community resilience, privacy issues, information sharing and seeking, social media based crisis communication for future studies.


Isostearic Acid is a mixture of fatty esters consisting mainly of methyl branched isomers of octadecanoic acid and is used at concentrations up to 10% in a wide variety of cosmetic products. In rats, the acute oral LD50 is estimated to be greater than 32 ml/kg. The raw ingredient produced no significant skin or eye irritation in Draize rabbit irritation tests. In clinical studies, 100 subjects showed no signs of irritation after a 24 h single insult skin patch with undiluted Isostearic Acid. Thirty-four percent Isostearic Acid was neither an irritant nor a sensitizer in 168 subjects, and gave no indication of phototoxicity in a subset of this population. It is concluded that Isostearic Acid is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use. Consideration for the compound's potential for production of human comedogenicity is noted.


Women with children who must rely on TANF (Temporary Aid to Needy Families) are faced with obstacles of limits to higher education, asset attainment limits, lack of childcare, and demanding 'work first' policies. Welfare recidivism depends heavily on the trade-offs between family and work that women have to make. The TANF system and conservative proponents of welfare reform focus on work as a norm for women and adopt notions of self-sufficiency through work as a means to eradicate poverty. Despite the value of this goal, this individualism overlooks that women who do not recidivate rely on other forms of subsistence, including their extended kinship networks and community ties. TANF undermines the usage of these commu- nity ties that people of low-income communities rely on for survival. Self-determination in these women is produced by promoting asset attainment, higher education, and use of community ties/resources. The conservative idea that work is the norm, work is good for families and work leads to self-sufficiency is not realistic for these women's lives. In this paper, I am advocating for the development of a social welfare system that acknowledges and respects cultural variation and that encourages collectivistic responses to alleviating poverty.


The talent training of the college students in Hydraulic Department of Tianjin University was evaluated by multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, from establishing inquiry frame, drawing up inquiry forms to analyzing and discussing fuzzy synthesis operators. The evaluative results agreed with objective actual ones.


Using Sun-tracking photometers on board balloons, the Pinatubo volcanic aerosol layer has been studied over Hyderabad (17.5°N) during October 1991 and April 1992. From the angular distribution of the scattered radiation intensity measurements the aerosol size parameter is derived. Over a decade of aerosol measurements at Hyderabad, aerosol extinction and number density obtained during October 1991 in the stratosphere are found to be the highest ever obtained with a distinct aerosol layer between 16 and 30 km. The derived aerosol size parameter shows layered structures. Analysis of the size parameter obtained during April 1992 indicates formation of aerosols at higher altitudes by coagulation with a subsequent reduction in the aerosol number density. The obtained results are found to agree well with that of an independent lidar measurement made over Ahmedabad (23°N) and with the stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment II results.


The invention provides a graphical dynamic password token. The graphical dynamic password token comprises a dynamic password graphic display and output unit, a processing unit and a dynamic password generating unit, wherein the dynamic password graphic display and output unit is connected with the processing unit and the dynamic password generating unit; the dynamic password graphic display and output unit is an electronic display and wireless output device with a graphic display and output function, such as an LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) electronic display; the processing unit is a module for converting dynamic password data generated by the dynamic password generating unit into graphic data; and the dynamic password generating unit is a module for computing according to multiple factors (such as time, an ordinal number, a random code, a text summary) and a secret key and through a certain encryption algorithm (such as DES (data encryption standard)) to generate a dynamic password. In the working state, the graphical dynamic password token can display the dynamic password in a form of a two-dimensional code, a barcode or any customized graphic (comprising a character).


In the course of re-evaluating the effects of RES blockade upon homograft survival it was observed that: (a) Skin homografts produced a significant stimulation of the phagocytic properties of the RES of rats. This stimulation was first noted 7 days after grafting and had disappeared by 28 days. (b) The stimulation was of such a magnitude that amounts of thorotrast ordinarily capable of suppressing RES activity were no longer effective in grafted animals. Similarly, blockade produced prior to grafting was rapidly dispelled by the application of the homograft. (c) Heterografts likewise stimulated phagocytic activity of the RES. From this it is concluded that skin homografts provide such a marked stimulus to the RES that it is unlikely that blocking agents, when employed to the limit of safety, are effective in their presence. Consequently, the concept that blockade of the RES prolongs graft survival remains unproven.


THE author reports the results of direct loudness balance tests, and of perstimulatory fatigue tests, in a series of 98 cases of unilateral perceptive deafness. It is concluded that the presence or absence of recruitment must be fitted with the general results of the otoneurological examination, and loudness balance tests alone should not be used for localizing the lesion to the end-organ or retrocochlearly. The clinical evidence in many disease groups favours this interpretation, but there are enough cases with contradictory results to deny the recruitment phenomenon the pathognomonic rOle of always indicating end-organ disease. Perstimulatory fatigue also appears in various clinical groups; while it adds to the knowledge of the ear's functional capacity, it cannot be given pathognomonic diagnostic importance. In general, it is emphasized that the audiological tests should be interpreted as a part of the otoneurological examination, and conclusions regarding the retiology of the disease should be drawn only on the basis of a thorough clinical examination.


I am fascinated by topics concerning biodiversity and species composition, as well as biogeochemistry and primary production of tropical rainforests due to their impact on global carbon and water cycles. Nonetheless, albeit the fact that these hyper diverse forests store large amounts of carbon (C) in aboveground tree biomass, the mechanistic controls on tree species composition and forest C stocks remain poorly resolved. To date, one of the key factors limiting our current knowledge of tropical forest ecosystem responses to projected environmental changes (such as increasing atmospheric CO2, increasing temperatures and prolonged drought periods) is the lack of a mechanistic understanding of how the controlling state factors (e.g. climate, geology, time and biota) determine the C sequestration potential of tropical forests in future scenarios.


This paper deals with the Institutions of the European Union in the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (hereinafter: 'the draft Constitution') submitted to the European Council meeting in Thessaloniki on 20 June 2003. It describes these institutions and their task from a perspective of the Union's democratic legitimacy. The paper is based on a book entitled The European Union: a Polity of States and Peoples, which will be published by Stanford University Press and Hart Publishing, Oxford. In this book, I examine the democratic legitimacy of the European Union as a whole. The book parts from the proposition that the Union is a 'body politic' which develops into a federal system, however not a State, with a parliamentary consensual (non-majoritarian) form of government. In the meantime, the draft Treaty has been amended by the Inter-Governmental Conference (IGC) held in Brussels on 17/18 June 2004. In so far as the amendments relate to the subject of this paper, they are mentioned below in the text or the endnotes.


The new water works of the City of St. Louis is located at Howard Bend on the Missouri River about 13 miles west of the city limits. The Chain of Rocks station on the Mississippi River, which is the sole supply at present, might have been enlarged, but the cost would have been but slightly less than the cost of the new plant. The addition of the new plant gives the city two independent sources of supply either of which will furnish enough water to tide over an emergency. Moreover, as shown in figure 1, the new source of supply is closer to the future center of distribution. It is expected that St. Louis County including the suburbs on the western boundary of the city will ultimately be incorporated with St. Louis and supplied with water from our plants.


It is well-known that the digestive tract structure in different fish species is distinct. The differences are highly prominent in the various stages of fish development. Hence the digestive tract structure is the first factor that affects and influences the formation of gastrointestinal bacteria communities. The formation of the regular microflora is indeed a complex process that takes place in the digestive tract of fish larvae and fry and it depends on fish spawn (lay and deposit large quantities of eggs in water) food and the microflora of the surrounding water. Lot of investigation has been carried on in order to study the formation of the microflora in the digestive tract of carp from the larval stage to adult fish and it has been ascertained that the formation of bacterioflora in the digestive tract of fish is a gradual process. The most dominant genera residing in the digestive tract of fish are Aeromonas, Pseudomonas,Clostridium and Bacteroides.


Load balanced transaction scheduling in on-demand computing system is known to be NP-hard problem. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces a hybrid approach named cuckoo search-ant colony optimization. The approach dynamically generates an optimal schedule by clustering the on-demand computing resources considering their load and completes the transaction execution within their deadlines. The approach also balances the load of the system before scheduling the transactions. For clustering the resources we use cuckoo search method. We use ant colony optimization for selecting the appropriate and optimal resources. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm with six existing algorithms.


In the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, and more broadly in the wake of the end of the Cold War, the United States has been going through a major rethinking of its defense policy agenda. Preventing a nuclear attack on the United States might earlier have been thought to be much easier once communist rule in Moscow had been ended; but securing the American homeland against mass destruction has now seemingly become much more complicated, amid the prospect that nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction may fall into the hands of people far less easy to deter than were the communist leaders in the Kremlin. If deterrence is to be more difficult, a physical defense of the American homeland may again have a higher-priority, amid a debate on whether such defenses can ever be effective enough and a great uncertainty about what kinds of delivery vehicles would be used by someone trying to destroy an American city. And, if such defenses can not be effective enough, it may then seem necessary that the United States strike preemptively whenever an adversary's attack is about to be launched. As was the case all through the Cold War, such considerations of protecting the United States against mass destruction must also be balanced against the importance of protecting America's allies against such destruction, and against the more traditional risks of conventional warfare, the risks that peoples would be conquered against their will, that territorial aggressions might succeed, while the threat of mass destruction remained unexecuted in the background. The world indeed has had to wrestle with the risk of mass destruction ever since nuclear weapons were introduced at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the problems of ordinary warfare still persisted over the ensuing four and a half decades of the Cold War. The collapse of the Warsaw Pact and of the Soviet Union spurred many analysts to conclude that such normal conventional warfare might finally be put on the historical shelf, with the US military having to turn to a host of new and nontraditional missions; but this conclusion might once again turn out to be premature, just as when South Korea was invaded in June of 1950. And finally, exactly as in the years of the Cold War, the policy process on US national defense will be subject to a continuing skepticism and scrutiny as to whether all the money being spent on defense is really necessary, as to whether there is not some process of "bureaucratic politics" at work whereby the Pentagon is seeking to find an enemy to justify increases in its budget, whereby the putative manufacturers of anti-missile defense systems are exaggerating the effectiveness of their product in the pursuit of enormous profits. The five books reviewed here are spread nicely across this array of issues, illustrating how experienced analysts of US defense policy can attach priority to very different portions of the national defense problem, and can emerge with conflicting answers. We might begin with the seeming novelty and salience of the vulnerability of the American homeland to physical attack as of 11 September 2001. As noted, the newness of this vulnerability can easily be overstated. A historically-aware American might remember that Washington was occupied by the British in 1814, with the Capitol and the White House being put to the torch, and with Baltimore being besieged, and one might similarly remember the German-instigated explosion at the "Black Tom" dock just across the Hudson River from New York City in 1915 (the largest explosion to rock Manhattan until the 9/11 attack). The newly independent US Air Force was certainly reminding Americans as early as 1949 that they were now physically vulnerable to a Soviet air attack, urging people to think of a polar-projection map rather than a Mercator projection, as Nebraska might now be just as vulnerable to attack as Maryland or New York. …


Critical Chain project management methodologies have been used for the last ten years to manage a wide range of projects. These methods, which apply Eli Goldratt's Theory of Constraints, have demonstrated the ability to complete projects faster and with greater predictability. While the focus of Critical Chain has been on projects of a finite duration, such as product development efforts, the application of these techniques in a more continuous, manufacturing setting can also bring about the same benefits of decreased time and increased predictability. In a customized product environment, where each product is a unique project, scheduling production requires more than the creation of a schedule and the management of manufacturing resources. Information must be created and managed from the moment a project is initiated through its implementation. It is the proper management of the essential project details across functions: materials, labor activities, and their timing, that enables faster project lead times and lower overall costs. ABB Raffin Electric's labor and material costs were 15% higher than expected for 2008 due to cost and schedule slippage. This thesis shows how a process for managing project information could have recovered 75% of the lost costs through the proper management of materials and labor activities. Costs and activity durations were estimated using a tool that combined small, common groups of materials and labor activities into complex assemblies. These assemblies were then translated into a set of common instructions for execution. A Critical Chain production schedule managed the execution of these work instructions and balanced resources among all active projects. Finally, a process for feeding back information from finished projects enabled more accurate future estimates. Thesis supervisors: Stephen Graves, Professor, Sloan School of Management Oliver de Weck, Associate Professor, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Division


Skin cancer incidence has increased in recent decades, due to weak monitoring to essential recommendation for prevention by patients, lack of recognition of morphological pre-malignant lesions and inadequate clinical skin examination by primary care physicians. It has been created various strategies including educational campaigns in media and communication to enhance knowledge of this disease. However, skin cancer is still diagnosed in late stages resulting in an increased morbidity and mortality in the short and medium term. This article makes a widespread review, of the rol of primary and secondary prevention, specifically in reducing unnecessary exposure of environmental factors, in which the modification of risk behaviors and early detection of pre-malignant lesions can help to lower the incidence of this disease and secondarily alter the natural course progression avoiding future complications or even death.


This study was designed to evaluate the effect of using different levels of phytobiotic containing Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf powder (MOLP) on broiler chickens body growth performance parameters, intestinal microbial population, and the humoral immune response. Day-old Hubbard broiler chicks (n = 200) were randomly allocated into 4 treatment diet. Basal diet was supplied with treatments T0, T1, T2 and T3 representing (0, 1%, 5% and 7.5% MOLP); respectively. Chickens were kept under observation for 5 weeks. Body performance parameters, total viable bacterial and coliform counts and humoral immune response to Newcastle disease (ND) virus vaccine were detected using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The results revealed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in performance parameters in groups supplemented with dietary MOLP. However, the best significant (P < 0.05) performance was observed in the group fed 1% MOLP. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference among treatments considering the total viable intestinal bacterial and coliform counts. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in the means of HI in dietary MOLP supplemented groups was observed, where the highest means were seen in 1% MOLP treated birds. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MOLP could improve the performance parameters and the immune response while reducing the total viable intestinal bacterial and coliform counts of broiler chickens. The study recommended using of dietary level of 1% MOLP to improve performance, intestinal health, and immune competence.


In order to study the timber resources of the cocoa agroforestry system (cocoa AFS) in Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico, 20 sites of 5 000 m 2 (100 x 50 m) were sampled, and the trees present in the sites were identified taxonomically and georeferenced. Diameter at breast height (DBH1.3m), total height (Ht) and clean bole height (Hc) were measured on each tree, and DBH was correlated with Ht. Basal area (BA, m 2 ha -1 ) and total and commercial volume were also calculated (VT, VC, m 3 ha -1 ). The products to be obtained from the stand were defined in function of DBH. The 2 856 trees registered belonged to 67 species grouped in 28 families and 58 genera. Erythrina americana Mill., Cedrela odorata L. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. were the most frequent species. Mean basal area was 18.6 m 2 ha -1 , ranging from 8.3 to 34.6 m 2 ha -1 . Mean VT was 192.4 m 3 ha -1 , ranging from 70.4 to 619.9 m 3 ha -1 . Average VC was 52.6 m 3 ha -1 , ranging from 21.86 to 146.6 m 3 ha -1 , respectively. From the total sampled trees 66.4% were considered useful for sawmilling, having DBH ≥15 cm. Correlation between DBH and height of the tree species in the cocoa AFS was low but significant (r 2 = 0.48, p = 0.05).


In the current study, different heavy minerals typical of gold placer deposits were identified by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy, and their chemical composition analyzed and discussed (garnet, kyanite, staurolite, zircon, allanite, monazite, xenotime, rutile, anatase, cassiterite, titanite, barite). Even complex solid solution series, such as those of garnets, can be deciphered with the aid of systematic trends observed in Raman line frequencies. The ν1 mode in garnets will shift from high to low frequencies as a function of the ionic radius of the X2+ cation, from Mg2+, to Fe2+ and Mn2+, while the presence of Ca2+ will make the band to be shifted strongly to even lower wavenumbers. This approach has successfully been taken to differentiate between polymorph triplets such as kyanite-sillimanite-andalusite and rutile-anatase-brookite. Minerals under consideration with high contents of REE, U and Th are affected by intensive metamictization, particularly zircon and titanite. Raman peak features, such as shape, symmetry and intensity, respond to this radiation damage of the lattice and enable fine-tuning of these heavy minerals, such as in the case of fluorite (fetid fluorite).


ABSTRACT Tweets offer us early information on initial stages of diseases, since people often tweet the early symptoms of feeling unwell prior to presenting to an emergency department if their symptoms become more severe. Even when people do present at an emergency department, it generally takes over 24 hours for their information to be collected, diagnosed and transferred for analysis at a centralized location. The advantage of utilizing tweets is that they offer information on syndromes in real-time. This paper investigates the value of carrying out multivariate syndromic surveillance using daily counts of keywords. The dynamic bi-plot is used to detect unexpected changes in the daily counts. These methods can be easily generalized to hourly tweet syndromic counts. By following Twitter users that suffer certain symptoms over time we can better understand the burden of these health issues and better understand emerging health issues. Monitoring people who present with symptoms but are just not sick enough to go to emergency departments provides us with additional information not gathered by emergency departments.


An independent medical examination (IME) is a medical evaluation performed by a medical professional on a patient who was not previously involved in the treatment of that patient, to evaluate the patient's course of prior treatment and current condition. IMEs are conducted by doctors, psychologists, and other licensed healthcare professionals in essentially all medical disciplines, depending on the purpose of the exam and the claimed injuries. Such examinations are generally conducted in the context of a legal or administrative proceeding, at the request of the party opposing the patient's request for benefits. Conducting an independent medical examination does not establish a typical doctor-patient relationship as exists when a clinician treats a patient. Thus, a "limited doctor-patient relationship" exists when conducting independent medical examinations.


Multiple fatigue cracks, causing transient fatigue fracture and resulting in great loss of life and property, are very commen in engineering structures. In order to predict the fatigue life of engineering alloys more accurately, the interaction and coalescence of adjacent cracks was investigated and the four stages of cracks growth were discussed in this paper. The SIF(stress intensity factor) value was found to growth rapidly in the ligament failure, and simulation method was used to find out the coalescence point. Then, the Paris' law was chosen to discribe the crack growth process. Taking random factors like structure size, material properties, environment stress parameter into account, the probability physical of failure model of alloys can predict the failure life more accurate. Accordingly, the uncertain parameters of the Paris' law were updated via Bayesian update method. The posterior distributions of uncertain parameters were obtained by the MCMC-Gibbs sampling. Finally, the probabilistic failure life models before and after coalescence were established by Monte Carlo simulation method. The probabilistic modeling method, which can greatly reduces the historical data or experimental data needed for the reliability evaluation of small sample products, can also be applied to other aspect of physic of failure , effectively saving time and cost.


We study nonequilibrium thermoelectric transport properties of a correlated impurity connected to two leads for temperatures below the Kondo scale. At finite bias, for which a current flows across the leads, we investigate the differential response of the current to a temperature gradient. In particular, we compare the influence of a bias voltage and of a finite temperature on this thermoelectric response. This is of interest from a fundamental point of view to better understand the two different decoherence mechanisms produced by a bias voltage and by temperature. Our results show that in this respect the thermoelectric response behaves differently from the electric conductance. In particular, while the latter displays a similar qualitative behavior as a function of voltage and temperature, both in theoretical and experimental investigations, qualitative differences occur in the case of the thermoelectric response. In order to understand this effect, we analyze the different contributions in connection to the behavior of the impurity spectral function versus temperature. Especially in the regime of strong interactions and large enough bias voltages we obtain a simple picture based on the asymmetric suppression or enhancement of the split Kondo peaks as a function of the temperature gradient. Besides the academic interest, these studies could additionally provide valuable information to assess the applicability of quantum dot devices as responsive nanoscale temperature sensors.


1. "Infidels at the Gates" - Introduction and Context 2. "The Golden Thread that Binds" - The Shariah and Intellectual Property Protection 3. Pre-TRIPS and Intellectual Property Protection in the GCC States 4. TRIPS and the Nature of Compliance by the Gulf States 5. Post-TRIPS and the Enforcement Dichotomy 6. TRIPS-Plus, and "Raising the Bar" 7. TRIPS-Minus and Protection Still Pending 8. TRIPS Anew, Insha'allah


Adaptive arrays for use in communication systems require the generation of a so-called reference signal, which is usually derived from the array output. A particular problem associated with this technique, the problem of reference loop phase shift, is discussed. It is shown that phase shift in the reference loop causes the array weights to cycle, and also causes the array to frequency-modulate the signal. In spite of this frequency change, the array maintains a maximum SNR at the output.


A simple effective screening parameter for screened range-separated hybrid is constructed from the compressibility sum rule in the context of linear-response time-dependent Density Functional Theory. When applied to the dielectric-dependent hybrid (DDH), it becomes remarkably accurate for bulk solids compared to those obtained from fitting with the model dielectric function or depending on the valence electron density of materials. The present construction of the screening parameter is simple and realistic. The screening parameter developed in this way is physically appealing and practically useful as it is straightforward to obtain using the average over the unit cell volume of the bulk solid, bypassing high-level calculations of the dielectric function depending on random-phase approximation. Furthermore, we have obtained a very good accuracy for energy band gaps, positions of the occupied d-bands, ionization potentials, optical properties of semiconductors and insulators, and geometries of bulk solids (equilibrium lattice constants and bulk moduli) from the constructed DDH.


From the preparation of samples,procedure of experiment and the assessment of effect,the following testing methods were discussed: testing method of soaping dyed fabric with soaping agent,washing oiled stuff goods(referenced GB/T 6371),soaping effect of acid soaping agent,soaping effect and anti-staining ability of anti-staining soaping agent,measurement method of the stability of soaping agent in hard water(referenced GB/T 7381) and testing method of foamability of soaping agent.


The subject of this paper is an experimental and numerical analysis of the stability of the wall panels with one-side board sheathing for timber structures. The reinforcement of the panel is provided using glued timber composite I-shaped element consisting of a web made of a wood-based desk embedded into flanges of solid timber. The mechanism of the behaviour of these panels, mode of the failure and reliable procedure to determine the buckling load-bearing capacity not been fully explored so far. This work describes the behaviour of the wall panel under vertical load and the method of failure using experimental and numerical analysis. The reduction coefficient kJ was determined, which can be used for a simple calculation of the buckling capacity of a wall panel.


This study focused on examining the impacts of cattle grazing on belowground communities and soil processes in humid grasslands. Multiple components in the soil communities were examined in heavily grazed and ungrazed areas of unimproved and improved bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pastures in south-central Florida. By using small (1-m 1-m) sampling plots, we were able to detect critical differences in nematode communities, microbial biomass, and mineralized C and N, resulting from the patchy grazing pattern of cattle. Soil samples were collected on three occasions between June 2002 and June 2003. Microbial C and N were greater ðPp0:01Þ in grazed than in ungrazed plots on all sampling dates. Effects of grazing varied among nematode genera. Most genera of colonizer bacterivores were decreased ðPp0:10Þ by grazing, but more persistent bacterivores such as Euteratocephalus and Prismatolaimus were increased, as were omnivores and predators. Higher numbers of persisters indicated that grazing resulted in a more structured nematode community. Some herbivores, particularly Criconematidae, were decreased by grazing. Abundance of omnivores, predators, and especially fungivores were strongly associated with C mineralization potential. Strong correlation of microbial C and N with nematode canonical variables composed of five trophic groups illustrates important links between nematode community structure and soil microbial resources. Including the analysis of nematode trophic groups with soil microbial responses reveals detection of grazing impact deeper into the hierarchy of the decomposition process in soil, and illustrates the complexity of responses to grazing in the soil foodweb. Although highly sensitive to grazing impacts, small-scale sampling could not be used to generalize the overall impact of cattle grazing in large-scale pastures, which might be determined by the intensity and grazing patterns of various stocking densities at the whole pasture level. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Burmese amber is first mentioned in works dating from AD 100, when an amber trade route was established between that country and China. From AD 100 until 1936, the Burmese amber mines supplied amber for jewelry and fossils. Social upheavals closed the mines for 63 years, but in 1999, extraction procedures began anew. The fossil was derived from a mine first excavated in 2001, in the Hukawng Valley, southwest of Maingkhwan in the state of Kachin (26°20'N, 96°36'E) in Burma (Myanmar). This new amber site, known as the Noije Bum 2001 Summit Site, was assigned to the Upper Albian of the Early Cretaceous on the basis of paleontological evidence (Cruickshank & Ko 2003), placing the age at 97 to 110 mva. Nuclear magnetic


PAUL'S GREETING 1:1: Paul, called to be an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and our brother Sosthenes, 1:2: To the church of God that is in Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, together with all those who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, both their Lord and ours: 1:3: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Paul's letter introduction follows conventional forms for letter openings (especially for Jews writing in Greek). Conventional elements of letter openings could be expanded as needed, and Paul's specific departures from such convention reveal distinctive points about his apostolic understanding of God, Christ, and what the church is meant to be. Letters always began by naming the sender. Paul introduces himself as an "apostle," a legate of Christ authorized to act as his representative (1:1). Although his ministry is not yet in much dispute (contrast 2 Cor 2:14–7:3; esp. 11:5; 12:11–12), he has reason to emphasize his apostolic authority (1 Cor 9:1–2, 5; 12:28–29); for him, however, this calling is a mark of suffering (4:9) and undeserved favor (15:7, 9). Composite authorship claims in Paul may function differently in different texts; although the letter often uses "we" to include Paul's fellow-workers (e.g., 4:9–13), Paul does not limit it to Sosthenes (cf. 4:6; 9:4–5). Sosthenes may have been Paul's rhetorically proficient scribe (cf. Rom 16:22), helping with multiple rhetorical devices that counter criticism of his speech (see discussion later).


[ Objcetive ]To explore the way of using straw matrix board to raise standardized strong rice seedlings for field transplanting. Method Nanjing 46 was used as the test variety to study the suitable sowing rate,water and nutrients management under the condition of straw matrix board seedling raising,and the differences in mechanical transplanting quality between straw matrix board and conventional nutrient soil were also compared. Result (1)With the sowing rate of 180 g,150 g and 120 g dry seeds per straw matrix board ,the seedling emergence rate of 150 g was the highest,while the number of seedlings per unit area decreased significantly with the decrease of sowing rate.The seedling quality increased with the decrease of seeding rate.The transplanting quality decreased with the decrease of sowing rate.When the sowing rate was 120 g,the phenomenon of missing transplanting appeared.(2)The experiment of water management based on the sowing rate of 180 g showed that the emergence rate and uniformity of seedlings were the best when irrigating once every two days from sowing to emergence.(3)Spraying different concentrations of foliar fertilizer(Miao Zhuang Feng)at the two or three leaf ages significantly improved the seedling quality.(4)There was no difference in the transplanting quality between the seedlings raised with straw matrix and nutrient soil.But 12 days after transplanting,the seedlings raised with straw matrix board were significantly better than those raised with nutrient soil. Conclusion According to the quality of seedling and transplanting,the sowing rate of 150-180 g is more suitable.Irrigating twice a day from emergence to transplanting showed the best seedling quality.The experiment found that spraying conventional concentration of Miao Zhuang Feng at the two leaf age improved the seedling quality the best.It was found that the medium speed machine transplanting was the best way to improve the quality of transplanting seedlings.


Using data from a group of mid-sized bus transit agencies in the United States, this paper measures agency level technical efficiency with non-parametric frontier analysis (data envelopment analysis or DEA). The analysis is supplemented by a second stage regression of agency characteristics on the technical efficiency scores. The interpretations of the empirical results accord with a number of previous findings about determinants of cost efficiency in U.S. transit agencies.


All literature is a form of criticism, every literary invention today occurs is a world saturated with literature. All criticism is interpreted as the road to invention; as the world progressively produces its own self-criticism and laboriously, within us, invents itself.


Uyghur language is an agglutinative language. It is one of the least studied languages on speech recognition area. In this work, we present the research process of Uyghur large vocabulary continuous speech recognition based on HMM (hidden Markov model). This paper introduce the process of data collection (text corpus and speech corpus), the unit selection for speech recognition, the creation of acoustic and language model for Uyghur language. Also presents the experimental results of Uyghur continuous speech recognition in different recognition units.


9:00–10:30 1. SESSION TOPIC: International Trade Opening Statement Prof. Jeffrey A. Frankel, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Initial Comment Prof. Gary P. Sampson, Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations University Discussion Moderator Prof. Henry D. Jacoby, MIT Global Change Joint Program, MIT 10:30–11:00 Break: Refreshments served in Sala degli Arazzi 11:00–12:30 2. SESSION TOPIC: Agriculture and Land Use Opening Statement Dr. Brian S. Fisher, Executive Director, ABARE Initial Comment Dr. John Reilly, Associate Director for Research, MIT Global Change Joint Program, MIT Discussion Moderator Prof. Carlo Carraro, Director of Research , FEEM; University of Venice 12:45–14:30 Lunch: served in Padiglione delle Capriate 14:30–16:00 3. SESSION TOPIC: Air Pollution Control Opening Statement Prof. Ronald G. Prinn, Co-Director, MIT Global Change Joint Program, MIT Initial Comment Dr. Matti Vainio, Deputy Head of Unit, DG Environment, European Commission Discussion Moderator Dr. Alessandro Lanza , Executive Director, FEEM 16:00–16:30 Break: Refreshments served in Sala degli Arazzi 16:30–18:00 4. SESSION TOPIC: Energy Security Opening Statement Prof. Anil Markandya, University of Bath, FEEM & World B a n k Opening Statement Prof. John M. Deutch, Institute Professor, MIT Discussion Moderator Dr. A. Denny Ellerman, Executive Director , MIT Global Change Joint Program, MIT 18:00 Adjourn 18:15–19:45 19:45 Conference Reception Dinner served in The Chiostri or Garden (weather dependant) by individual arrangements Friday 11 June 2004 All Meeting Sessions will be held in Sala degli Arazzi


PURPOSE: To easily manufacture a cell by providing a slot in the center of a thick-walled glass capillary of a predetermined length, bonding an electrode bar thereto after insertion and positioning, inserting a lead pipe from each side of a cell main body until it abuts on the electrode bar, and bonding the lead bars to the main body. CONSTITUTION: A thick-walled glass capillary 10 is cut into a predetermined length, and a radial slot 11 for inserting an electrode bar is bored in its center to adjust a cell main body 13. A jig 17 having a positioning part 15 that reaches the slot 11 is inserted into the hollow part of the main body 13. The electrode bar 23 is inserted from the slot 11 until it abuts to the positioning part 15, and is bonded to the main body 13. Next, the jig 17 is removed, and a lead pipe is inserted from each side of the main body 13 until it abuts to the electrode bar 23, and is bonded to the main body 13. A flow cell thus manufactured is used with one of the lead pipes connected to the outlet of the separation column of an ion chromatograph and with a lead wire 24 connected to the input part of an electric conductometer.


Bigraphical reactive systems are a general framework for mobile, concurrent, and communicating systems based on the notions of location and channel connection. Bigraphs have been shown to be suitable for representing several formalisms, but despite their expressive power, in many cases some disciplines on the structure of bigraphs are needed to faithfully encode the computational model at hand. Sortings have been proposed as an abstract technique to discipline bigraphs. In this paper, we investigate the decidability problem of bigraphical sorting, that is, to decide whether a bigraph belongs to some sorted bigraphical category. While the problem is not decidable in general (and in particular in the case of Debois and coauthors' predicate sortings), we propose a decidable subclass of bigraphical sortings, match predicate sortings, which can be decided using the matching algorithm for bigraphs. The proposed subclass is shown to be expressive enough to capture several bigraphical sortings present in literature, e.g., homomorphic sortings and local bigraphs.


The clinical experience with the use of cryocauterization for the primary treatment of chronic cervicitis in 34 patients at Seoul National University Hospital from Sep. 1972 through Jan. 1973 is reported. The patients have been observed over 12 weeks of period. Cryosurgery was performed by the use of carbon dioxide gas as the refrigerant which was delivered through a special cervical probe. The procedure was carried out in the out patient dapartment without analgesia or anesthesia. Cervical lesion has been treated at -50 C for 3 minutes. Healing was documented to be complete in 91% of all patients within 12 weeks after treatment. Healing process has been complete through a similar fashion in majority of cases. Significantly, the majority of patients experienced only mild discomfort during the freezing process. No serious complications have occurred and no patients have complained of systemic symptomatology. Cryocautery seems to be a rapid, safe, to-date and effective measures for the treatment of chronic cervicitis.


This paper discusses the use of carbonyl processing technology for recovery of nickel from uranium isotope separation diffusion cells while reducing the volume of the high level residue. Nickel powder, as the surrogate waste for the worst-case situation, was carbonylated to essentially duplicate the conditions proposed for U removal from the cells by reaction with FCl{sub 3} gas to form UF{sub 6}. The carbonyl approach was also demonstrated by removal of Fe and Ni from Hanford Composite Tank Waste Simulant and calcine/dissolution treated Hanford tank waste. Static and dynamic carbonylation was performed in a high-pressure reaction vessel. Dynamic testing was conducted for ambient pressure (0.85 atm) and above atmospheric pressure conditions. Initial tests used only CO to determine if Ni in powder form required a promoter; subsequent testing used H{sub 2}S gas as promoter added to the CO. Test results, which are summarized, indicated that promoter activated carbonylation is a viable approach to recover Ni from U isotope diffusion cells. Nickel to Ni(CO){sub 4} conversion rates leading to complete metal recovery on the order of days at ambient temperatures and atmospheric to subatmospheric pressure are compatible with parameters proposed for the process.


One goal of ethnoarchaeology is to strengthen archaeological inferences about the past. A fifteenth-century hunter-gatherer, open site in Utah is used to examine ethnoarchaeological contributions toward determining the use of space, duration of occupation, assemblage composition, and site function. Comparisons between macrorefuse and microrefuse patterning suggest that (1) the distribution of macrorefuse can help identify locations of ephemeral structures and household activity areas; (2) the distribution of microrefuse in this intermittently occupied open site is useful for assessing assemblage composition; (3) determining the characteristics of macro- and microrefuse improves hypotheses about duration of occupation; and (4) interpretation of plant remains can be improved by considering site-formation processes. The study points to the need for a closer linkage between ethnoarchaeology and the archaeology of the past.


The relationship in the United States-Russia-China triangle was one of the most important factors of international relations during the Cold War and remains so in the post-bipolar period. Its relevance has increased even more after the victory of Donald Trump in the presidential elections in the United States, who as a candidate repeatedly advocated closer relations with the Russian Federation and revised cooperation with China.This article appraises bilateral relations between these three countries in 2014 by conducting quantitative analysis of both flows (trade and investment, migration and others) and events (reciprocal visits), as well as cooperation in multilateral organizations (United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) and in the format of the club diplomacy (the Group of 20; the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).The authors stared out using the Global Database of Events, Language and Tone to assess existing events according to the Goldstein scale. However, this event-analysis method could not estimate relations within the triangle accurately because of language factor (news in Russian and Chinese is underrepresented). Thus U.S.-Russia-China relations were examined through a quantitative analysis of specific series in four spheres - economic, political, humanitarian and military - in 2014. Each index was evaluated with points. Summaries reveal which countries in the triangle have the most successful connections and in which spheres.The study concluded that China and the United States had the most effective cooperation in 2014: the partnership developed more intensively in the economic and humanitarian spheres. Overall, U.S.-China and China-Russia relations are comparable to each other - the Russia-U.S. partnership cannot rival them. The U.S.-China and China-Russia couples cooperate the most effectively in two spheres. According to Henry Kissinger, cooperation between the United States and its partners must be more effective than the partners' relations with each other. The United States thus remains stay the leader in international relations. The authors conclude that this the U.S. leadership formula applies, because the value of U.S.-China and U.S.-Russia bilateral relations in sum is more powerful than the partnership of China and Russia.


The article This article deals with the theme of evasion. The study was applied to students enrolled in an undergraduate course of a higher education institution. It is considered evasionas the removal of students from the course and the HEI which are enrolled before the end of the course, ie without completing the training cycle. The objective is to investigate the reasons that influence the decision to evasion out and permanence of the students of the course, as well as to develop a method of prior identification of the evaded potentials to act in reducing this situation. To develop the research, which is classified as descriptive, qualitative and quantitative, will be used the methodological procedures semi-structured interviews with teachers and students of the course under study. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about the reasons that contribute to evasion, as well as organizational changes that may help to reduce. The results obtained point to several reasons, however, highlighting the problems of emotional and psychological nature of the students or family members. Key-words: Evasion, Higher Education, Higher Education Management.


Single molecular precursors are appropriate starting materials for synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs), which allow for the control of atomic ratio, monodispersity, composition and particle size of nanoscaled metallic sulfide nanoparticles. In the present study, we have reported the synthesis of nanostructured chalcogenides pharmacologically active active zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) using Zn (II) ion inserted thiosemicarbazone ligand as a single molecular precursor .The precursors were thermally pyrolysized using high energy microwave radiations to obtain very fine ZnS nanoparticles. In this synthesis, we use DMSO as a nonpolar solvent for the synthesis of all compounds. The heating of Zinc complex in the non- aqueous environment of DMSO plays a very crucial role in decreasing reaction time, reducing the chances of side reactions and proper conversion of Zn complex into ZnS nanoparticles. In this reaction Zn complex of thiosemicarbazone ligand provides both Zn2+ and S2- ions for synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles. The microwave synthesis of ZnS NPs from Zn complex is a very simple, fast, highly effective, efficient and low cost method. All synthesized compounds were characterized by various structural, electronic, vibrational, optical, morphological and pharmacological characterizations. The prepared ZnS NPs were found to crystallize in cubic phase, which generally forms at low temperatures, with the dimensions dependent upon the molar ratio of molecular precursors used. Synthesized ZnS nanomaterials had surface sulfur vacancies that extend their absorption spectra towards the visible region and decreased the bond gap. This allowed ZnS nanoparticles to demonstrate various pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities under normal conditions. Powered X-ray diffraction studies confirms the formation of well -defined equispaced crystalline ZnS NPS. TEM and FE SEM microscopic studies confirmed the elongated tubules structure of ZnS NPs with an average particle size of 60 nm. Sharpe electronic absorption band at 390 nm indicates the synthesis of good quality ZnS NPs. The FT-IR spectral studies confirmed the presence of Zn-S stretching, N-H bending and C=N stretching, vibrations in molecular precursor as Zn(II) complex. The thermal analysis of molecular precursor was performed to investigate the thermal stability of zinc complex. The Zn complex was stable up-to 3800 c. All synthesized compounds demonstrated excellent pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities as compared to standards used in analysis of compounds. The microwave synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles via single molecular precursor in proper stoichiometric ratios is an excellent and an efficient method for synthesizing highly effective bioactive agents which can be considered as good drug candidate for the treatment of various diseases in future


Proximity operations between orbital vehicles require precise knowledge of relative navigation states. Retro-reflectors may be used by proximity operations navigation sensors as part of the navigation sensor system, to indicate the position of fixed points on one of the vehicles so that relative state data may be calculated. Use of corner cube retro-reflectors in an orbital navigation sensor required detailed ray-tracing analysis to define the expected return signal levels, signal/noise ratios, and predicted error effects due to reflector geometry and optical characteristics. Conventional corner cube reflector images would have displayed image artifacts due to corner cube bevels, interfering with software interpretation of sensor image data. This design avoided software errors due to bevel effects. Special optical design features were required to permit use of multiple target sets, enabling successful tracking over a 1 to 200 meter effective range. We have used this mounting scheme to create corner cube targets for use with the Advanced Video Guidance Sensor (AVGS) on the Orbital Express mission. We discuss our design, the finite-element analysis done on the design, and the results of sensor performance testing with the targets.


Composition comprising A) an additive mixture consisting of a) at least one compound: ** ** Formula wherein one of R1 and R2 represents independently of the other hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of 2, 4-dimethyl-2-heptyl, 1-phenylethyl and 2-phenyl-2-propyl and the other represents a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dimethyl-2-heptyl, 1-phenylethyl and 2-phenyl- 2- propyl; b) at least one compound: ** ** Formula wherein R1 and R2 represent independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of tert-butyl, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentyl, 2 , 4-dimethyl-2-heptyl, 1-phenylethyl and 2-phenyl-2-propyl; and R3 represents a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of tert-butyl, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2- pentyl, 2,4-dimethyl-2-heptyl, 1-phenylethyl and 2-phenyl-2-propyl; and B) a base oil viscosity of lubricating susceptible oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation.


Objective:To evaluate the influence of different GC conditions on determination of methanol and fusel oil in the distilled liquors,identify the substances interfering the determination of methanol and optimize the GC conditions.Methods:Compare the separation efficiency of different columns and discuss the influence of various GC conditions on the determination of methanol and fusel oil.Use double column qualitative and standard addition method to identify the interfering substance.Results:Methanol was interfered by acetaldehyde and could not be separated by WAX/FFAP capillary column.The difference in retention time is only 10 seconds between acetaldehyde and methanol.The packed column GDX-102 can separate them by optimizing GC conditions.Conclusion:The packed column GDX-102 can eliminate the disturbance of acetaldehyde to methanol and separate these two substances completely.Meanwhile,the change of chromatographic conditions does not obviously affect the determination of fusel oil.


A clamp (310) for securing objects on a profiled rail of substantially rectangular cross-section comprises a housing part (312) which can be connected to the object to be secured and a clamping piece (332) pivotably mounted on said housing part. The housing part (312) is of L-shaped construction for bearing on three faces of the profile rail, there being formed at the free end of the short L-leg (314) a claw-shaped projection (316) perpendicular to said L-leg. The clamping piece is mounted on an eccentric portion (328) of a bearing bolt (324), the axis of which runs parallel to the faces, bearing on the profiled rail, of the clamp (310) and which is rotatable by means of a handle (350). In addition, the clamping piece is prestressed by means of a spring into its clamping position, in which it bears against the opposing face, facing away from the short L-leg of the housing part (312) of the profiled rail. By turning the bolt, the clamping piece in the release position can be lifted from the profiled rail and in the clamping position it can be brought up to the profiled rail.


A full nitric oxide mechanism including thermal NO, prompt NO, N2O intermediate model and NO reduction model through reburning was used to calculate the NO formation during high temperature air combustion of natural gas in industrial furnace. The turbulent transportation was simulated by Reynolds stress model (RSM) and a modified Eddy-Break-Up (EBU) combustion model was applied to model the combustion process. A three-step reaction scheme of the natural gas combustion reaction was considered. Experimental data from published literature was adopted to validate the present models. Numerical results showed that thermal NO formation mechanism and reburning NO reduction mechanism were the dominant NO models. Reburning NO reduction could not be ignored. Prompt NO gave a small contribution to NO emission and the N2O intermediate model for NO formation was of little importance.


This study explores the use of metaphors as problem-solving mechanisms by novice searchers of bibliographic databases. Metaphors provide a framework or 'familiar structure' of credible associations within which relationships in other domains may be considered. Twenty-eight students taking an undergraduate course in information retrieval at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, were recorded as they 'talked through' a search on a bibliographic retrieval system. The transcripts were analysed using conventional methods and the NUDIST software package for qualitative research. A range of metaphors was apparent from the language used by students in the search process. Those which predominated were: a journey; human interaction; a building/matching process; a problem-solving process, and a search for a quantity. Many of the students experiencing the interaction as a problem-solving process or a search for quantity perceived the outcomes as successful. The study demonstrates that when memory for operating methods and procedures is incomplete an unconscious approach through the use of a conceptual system which is consonant with the task at hand may also lead to success in bibliographic searching.


Bench terraces are effective soil conservation measures used on slopelands for crop production. When world's population increases rapidly, with a rate of 77 million a year and mostly in developing countries, many slopelands are brought into cultivation where land pressures are high. In many instances in the past, however, bench terraces were built without proper design, resulting in either high construction and maintenance costs or limited use. On the other hand, some design criteria are over-complicated which hampers their application. This paper introduces a simple but scientific design for bench terraces. The design is based on many decades of field experience in the countries of Asia and Central America. It employs a step by step approach using basic arithmetic that can be understood by field technicians, extension officers, or farmers. Based on this design, a realistic estimate of construction cost and a land use plan can be easily produced.


The invention discloses a secondary forming technology and a die structure of sensor shell containing graphene. The technology comprises the following steps of burdening, mixed material crushing, melting, first-time forming, second-time forming and cooling. The die structure comprises an upper die, a first-time forming lower die and a second-time forming lower die, wherein the first-time forming lower die and the second-time forming lower die are matched with the upper die and are arranged in parallel. The die structure further comprises a cylindrical second-time forming die core and a T-shaped pin sleeve. The technical scheme is simple and practical, the manner of two times of forming is adopted by changing the traditional forming technology, and the two parallel lower dies share the upper die. Only one forming device is needed, the forming technology is simplified, cost is saved, efficiency is high, and the manufacturing period is short. New materials are adopted through the test, and the formed shell has enough tensile strength, thermoset and fire resistance.


Diopside CaMgSi 2 O 6 , similar to wollastonite Ca 3 Si 3 O 9 , finds application in the fine ceramic industry as a new synthetic raw material. The synthesis of diopside is accomplished through the petrological method by crystallization of melts and glasses, namely sintering fine ground mixtures at temperatures below the melting point of the diopside. The sol-gel method, based on colloidal solutions of silica acid and watersoluble calcium and magnesium salts, and the hydrothermal method, with fresh prepared calcium and magnesium hydroxides and finely ground silica gel, are also used for the preparation of diopside.