As the storms of economic crisis gathered throughout Europe, Asia, America, and the rest of the world in late 2007, one area alone seemed immune. By mid-July 2008, oil prices had skyrocketed to almost $150 per barrel (p/b), higher than ever before, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) seemed set to benefit from a huge financial surplus. This rosy scenario was short-lived; soon enough, the wave of economic disaster sweeping the world reached the shores of the Persian Gulf, damaging the petroleum export revenues as well as the oil-related and tourism businesses. But beyond having to cope with the dramatic economic turndown, the crisis has exposed an Achilles' heel in the oil-based economies of the region. The GCC countries' traditional reliance on foreign nationals for labor as well as their subsidization of the native population through make-work "white collar" jobs seems no longer sustainable and may have disturbing short- and long-run political effects. BOOM TIME During the four years prior to the onset of the crisis, the economic growth rate worldwide was impressive with global gross domestic product (GDP) real growth rate amounting to 4.5 percent in 2005, 5.1 percent in 2006, and 5.2 percent in 2007. ' Those economies under the jurisdiction of the UNESCWA (U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) - Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen, and the GCC countries - exhibited slightly better growth. This increase, amounting to 6.9 percent in 2005, 5.9 percent in 2006, and slightly declining to 5.4 percent in 2007,2 led to a substantial improvement in the living standard of these countries. The major factor for the rapid economic development in the Arab region as a whole, but particularly in the Persian Gulf oil economies, was the rapid rise in both oil production and oil prices. In 2008, cmde oil production of the GCC countries skyrocketed to 16.4 million barrels per day (b/d), representing an increase of 7 percent from the previous year (see Table 1, page 52). This resulted from the rapid increase in consumption, rising from 84 million b/d in 2005 to 86.9 million b/ din the first quarter of 20083 because of burgeoning, worldwide oil demand led by the emerging economics of Asia, mainly China and India. The rapid rise in oil consumption was accompanied by accelerated increases in prices, which skyrocketed to $131.2 p/b on average in July 2008, compared to $88.4 p/b in January 2008 (see Table 2, page 53), and to $23.1 p/b in 2001 (see Table 3, page 54). In 2008, GCC oil revenues amounted to $575 billion,4 compared to $328 billion in 2007, and only $137 billion in 2003 (current prices).5 In mid- June 2008, prior to the peak of the oil prices a month later, the Saudi Economic Survey reported that "Saudi Arabia is making over a $1 billion a day in oil revenues."6 Driven by the increase in oil and gas revenues, total governmental revenues in Oman increased by more than 50 percent between 2006 and 2008, from $10 billion in 2006 to $ 15.6 billion in 2008.7 In addition to oil and gas revenues and their related petrochemical products, the GCCs economic expansion since 2004 has also been driven by the rapid growth of the tourism industry. While the global tourism industry grew rapidly in the 2000s, s this increase was marked with numerous setbacks, beginning with the devastating consequences of the September 1 1 , 200 1 AlQaeda terrorist attacks on the United States, through attempted and actual terrorist attacks in Europe and Asia during the decade, the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, and culminating in skyrocketing oil prices in mid-2008 that affected air travel adversely. Despite this, GCC tourism industries expanded more than twice the worldwide average during the decade and were generally characterized by stability with only minor ups and downs, even during periods of regional tension. …


Recently, there has been much work on supporting keyword search not only for text documents, but a]so for structured data such as relational data, XML data, and RDF data. In this paper, we propose an efficient keyword search method for RDF data. The proposed method first groups related nodes and edges in RDF data graphs to reduce data sizes for efficient keyword search and to allow relevant information to be returned together in the query answers. The proposed method also utilizes the semantics in RDF data to measure the relevancy of nodes and edges with respect to keywords for search result ranking. The experimental results based on real RDF data show that the proposed method reduces RDF data about in half and is at most 5 times faster than the previous methods.


In this Letter, a bilayer elastic C6 v structure is proposed and used to precisely manipulate two topological nontrivial valley pseudo-spin states. According to the theoretical simulation results, the two elastic pseudo-spin states have opposite valley polarizations along propagation directions. Owing to the interlayer polarization and mixing effects of the elastic valley pseudo-spin states in the bilayer elastic C6 v structure, the transport and prohibition of elastic valley pseudo-spin states and even the tunneling between layers are flexibly manipulated. The transmission efficiency of elastic valley pseudo-spin states across layers reaches 93%, which has also been confirmed in experiments by the laser ultrasonic method. The in-depth exploration of valley pseudo-spin states with layer indices further expands and enriches the research of valley pseudo-spin states in the elastic environment and lays the foundation for the further design of elastic topological devices.


We prove a global in time existence theorem, for the initial value problem for the Einstein-Boltzmann system, with arbitrarily large initial data, in the homogeneous case, in a Bianchi Type I space-time.


The author maintains that industry cluster is the basis for the enterprises to improve their capabilities of technological innovation. Through the interaction between the coupling factors of industry cluster and technological innovation,the coupling mechanism between industry cluster and technological innovation was demonstrated as the coupling between industry cluster and the incentive effect,network,cultural atmosphere,service system,human resources and government system of technological innovation. On the basis of industry cluster and taking science and technology development center as the corn,we should built new effective platform for scientific and technological innovation,establish a good regional innovation system,guide and give an impetus to enterprises' capabilities of scientific and technological innovation,promote the development of industry cluster,and establish an effective mechanism for the interactive development of scientific and technological innovation and industry cluster to create a sound situation of economy.


The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence and determinants of poor adherence to pharmacological treatment in a cohort of primary care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), paying special attention to the role of age, comorbidity and polypharmacy.


Surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticle arrays have been shown to increase the absorption of an underlying silicon substrate. This has wide ranging applications, not least in the photovoltaic industry. Incident light excites localised surface plasmons in the silver nanoparticles and is coupled into the silicon in trapped modes. The radiative behaviour of the nanoparticle film is changed by the proximity of a high refractive index surface, causing radiation to be directed into the silicon and providing a light-trapping layer. We investigate a simple and effective method of tuning the surface plasmon resonance frequency, and hence the spectral region at which the absorption enhancement is seen, by varying the underlying dielectric. The particle geometry and distribution are modified by the surface conditions provided by the dielectric layer, and both this and the change in refractive index alter the resonance position. Three common dielectrics used in the photovoltaic industry were investigated as surfaces on which to form arrays of self-assembled silver nanoparticles atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposited titanium dioxide (APCVD TiO 2 ), low pressure chemical vapour deposited silicon nitride (LPCVD Si 3 N 4 ) and thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). We show, by optical and electrical measurements, that the red-shifted resonances produced by nanoparticle films on APCVD TiO 2 , and LPCVD Si 3 N 4 with relatively high refractive indices, correspond to an increase in optical absorption and external quantum efficiency in thin, crystalline solar cells at longer wavelengths.


According to one general aspect, a method for compensating the input content in the related content includes receiving an input content, and identifying the concept from the input content. The method also includes identifying a taxonomy associated with the concept, in order to generate a set of categorized concepts, and a step of analyzing the concepts using taxonomy. The method also, in order to identify relevant content, and to compensate for the input content in the related content, comprising the step of submitting the categorized concepts in the database.


In this contribution adaptive rate transmissions are investigated in the context of DS-CDMA systems using variable spreading factors (VSF). In contrast to conventional adaptive rate transmission schemes, where the transmission rate is usually adapted in response to the channel fading, in this contribution the transmission rate is adapted in response to the multiuser interference (MUI) level. We present the philosophy of the proposed adaptive rate transmission scheme and analyze the effective throughput as well as the resultant bit error rate (BER) performance, when communicating over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Our study shows that when the number of active users in a DS-CDMA system can be modelled with the aid of a Markov chain and when the conventional matched filter based receiver is employed, the VSF-assisted adaptive rate transmission scheme is capable of substantially increasing the system's effective throughput. Specifically, our results show that the effective throughput may be increased by up to 40%, when compared to that of DS-CDMA systems using constant spreading factors. This increased throughput is achieved without wasting power, without imposing extra interference upon other users and without increasing the BER.


The WHO/UNICEF Sick Child Algorithm, applicable to children 2 months-5 years of age, provides health care professionals with a standardized assessment and classification tool. Children whose caretakers report are unable to drink, having convulsions, or abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake should be referred immediately to a hospital. Otherwise, caretakers should be queried as to whether the child is coughing, has diarrhea, fever, or ear pain/discharge. In cases where the answer is "yes," the algorithm lists further questions that should be asked, signs that should be checked, and clinical procedures followed. Also set forth are classification systems for cough, diarrhea, fever, measles, ear problems, and nutritional status. To check nutritional status, health workers are instructed to weigh the child, calculate weight-for-age, look for eyelid pallor and foamy patches on the white of the eye, identify severe wasting, and examine for edema of the hands and feet.


Introduction and background to retaining students in HE research and findings on keeping your students the five dimensions of retention organizing retention programmes in practice supporting students to retain them application of retention principles developing your own retention schemes.


This paper uses publicly available data to identify the existence of a correlation, between the innovation and education performance of nations, and their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) output to stress that knowledge based economies exhibit higher performance. Although it is not consensual that from the array of public policies available to induce growth the ones fostering innovation are the ones that lead to higher growth, political leaders have been recognizing that, to increase competitiveness, economies need to change their development paradigm from one based on the exploitation of resources to a new one based on knowledge and innovation. To that end, public policies, need to focus on improving the quality of education, to strengthen research performance, to promote innovation and knowledge transfer, so that innovative ideas can be turned into new products and services that create growth, quality jobs and help address global societal challenges. Key-Words: knowledge based economies, innovation, competitiveness, entrepreneurship, economic performance


In this paper, we consider a null controllability and an inverse source problem for stochastic Grushin equation with boundary degeneracy and singularity. We construct two special weight functions to establish two Carleman estimates for the whole stochastic Grushin operator with singular potential by a weighted identity method. One is for the backward stochastic Grushin equation with singular weight function. We then apply it to prove the null controllability for stochastic Grushin equation for any $T$ and any degeneracy $\gamma>0$, when our control domain touches the degeneracy line $\{x=0\}$. In order to study the inverse source problem of determining two kinds of sources simultaneously, we prove the other Carleman estimate, which is for the forward stochastic Grushin equation with regular weight function. Based on this Carleman estimate, we obtain the uniqueness of the inverse source problem.


Background The Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) was developed to risk stratify untreated patients (pts) with MDS. It has since been validated in pts treated with a single line of drug therapy, and has been modified in untreated pts to include mutational data; however, these approaches do not reflect typical MDS pts who receive different types of treatment in different sequences. We propose a prognostic model that incorporates mutational data and predicts outcome in pts with primary and secondary MDS regardless of their initial or subsequent treatments. Methods Clinical and mutational data of 333 pts with newly diagnosed MDS who were treated at out institution between 1/2000-1/2012 were analyzed. The IPSS-R was calculated at diagnosis. Survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to last follow up or death. A panel of 62 gene mutations obtained by next generation targeted deep sequencing selected based on the frequency observed in a separate cohort of MDS patients analyzed by whole exome sequencing (WES). A Cox proportional multivariate analysis including age, IPSS-R score and mutations that are present in >/= 10 pts was used to select independent prognostic factors. The fit of the proposed model to the data was assessed by using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results Pt clinical characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Median age was 68 years (range, 20-87); 214 pts (64%) had de novo MDS, 39 (12%) had prior antecedentl hematologic disorders, 37 (11%) secondary MDS, and 43 (13%) had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Pts received between 0-7 lines of therapy: 15% did not receive any treatment, 85% received at least one treatment, 40% received >/=2 treatments, 20% received >/= 3 treatments and 14% of pts eventually underwent hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). First line therapies included: growth factors (30%), azacitidine +/- combination (32%), decitabine +/- combination (7%), single agent lenalidomide (5%), investigational agents (5%), induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline (7+3, 2%), and immunosuppressive therapy (4%). With a median follow-up of 38 months (mo) (range, 0.4-128.5), 70 pts (21%) progressed to AML and the median OS was 35.1 mo (range, 0.4-128.5). Per IPSS-R risk groups, median OS for very low was 35 mo, low 35 mo, intermediate 22 mo, high 19 mo, and very high 12 mo, Figure 1. Among the 62 gene mutations, 25 were present in >/= 10 pts: TET2 (17%), ASXL1 (15%), SF3B1 (14%), STAG2 (11%), DNMT3A (11%), RUNX1 (10%), U2AF1 (9%), GPR98 (8%), ZRSR2 (7%), BCOR (6%), TP53 ( 5%), NF1 ( 5%), EZH2 ( 5%), APC (5%), SUZ12 (5%), BCORL1 (4%), CBL (4%), PRPF8 (4%), NRAS (3%), CUX1 (3%), DDX54 (3%), IDH2 (3%), KDM6A (3%), PHF6 (3%), and SETBP1 (3%). A Cox proportional hazard analysis including age, IPSS-R score, and the 25 genes mutations listed above identified the following as independent prognostic factors: age, IPSS-R, ASXL1, BCOR, BCORL1, EZH2, IDH2, SF3B1,TP53 . The linear predictive Cox model score obtained using the fitted coefficients of each prognostic factor was: ASXL1 X 0.65+ BCOR X 0.92+ BCORL1 X (-1.65)+ EZH2 X 0.71+ IDH2 X (-1.0)+ SF3B1 X (-0.59)+ TP53 X 1.24+Age X 0.04+IPSS-R score X 0.43. Four prognostic groups were proposed: low (score 0-3.4, 80 pts, median OS 47.3 mo), intermediate-1 (score 3.5-4, 69 pts, median OS 30.2 mo), intermediate-2 (score 4.1-5.4, 131 pts, median OS 19.9 mo), and high (score >/= 5.5, 53 pts, median OS 12.2 mo), p Conclusion We propose a new mathematical model that incorporates age, IPSS-R score and several gene mutations that can accurately predict OS in pts with primary and secondary MDS as well as CMML regardless of initial or subsequent treatments, including HCT. This model also highlights the importance of mutational data along with clinical data for risk stratification in MDS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


One of the promising innovations in the field of surgical dentistry is the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), alone or as an additive with other biomaterials. It accelerates the healing mechanism of the tissue and reduces the inflammation. The following article summarizes the role of PRF in the process of healing, its advantages, disadvantages, and clinical implications including advanced surgical dentistry.


The output wave of a plane wave lens was tested by a scanning photography technique with a high speed rotating camera,and was modeled by ANSYS/LSDYNA code.Physical picture of detonation and shock wave propagation in the device was obtained by the calculation,and the simulated output waveform was in accordance with the experimental result.


Two simple, precise, accurate and economical UV spe ctrophotometric methods have been developed and val idated for the routine estimation of furazolidone absorption at 367nm and obeyed Beer was derivatised into first order derivative and 399.6nm for D 1 were measured. In D 50µg/ml. The linear regression equations were calculated to be 367nm, y=-0.0005x+0.0005 (R 2 =0.9993 y=0.0005x-0.0001(R 2 =0.9993 ) for D


Addition is the basic arithmetic operation used in many VLSI circuits. Reduction in power dissipation of 1 bit adder cell will improve the performance of most of electronic devices. In this paper, 1 bit adder cells were analyzed with respect to supply voltage, temperature, width and length variation of all transistors in circuits. The 1 bit adders were designed using 10, 8 and 6 transistors using different equations of sum and carry. The adder designs considered in this paper are SERF adder, 13A adder, CLRCL adder, 8T adder and 6T adder. The comparison was done with respect to power, delay and area. The adder designs were checked for their robustness by varying supply voltage and temperature. The simulations were carried using OrCAD PSpice in 180nm technology with 1.8V supply voltage. Simulation results showed that SERF adder has lowest power dissipation of all adders. Delay of Sum signal was lowest in CLRCL adder and delay of Carry signal was lowest in 13A adder. The 6T adder was found to be best when area was considered as it is designed using less number of transistors as compared to all other adder designs. The adder designs can be chosen according to our design considerations.


The assembly time for high heels on Samillo shoes at this time takes an average of 32 minutes for 1 product. So that the number of shoes produced per day is 9 pairs of shoes, this condition is caused by a work place that is not properly organized so that the assembly time is longer. Therefore, improvements are made to the way of work and the arrangement of the workplace to shorten the assembly time of the shoes. The method used to improve the way of working with a map of the left hand and right hand and the arrangement of the workplace with 5S is obtained the results of the calculation of the productivity index level obtained from January to June 1,17, 1,13, 1,02, 1,15, 1, 14 and 1.06 mean that the productivity index is high enough, but it can still be improved. For this reason, a workplace review is carried out using the 5S culture, so that an improvement in the arrangement of workplaces with 5S is carried out and a layout scheme is made by considering the frequency of distance and the use of tools used. After that, proposals for improvements were made with the map of the left hand and right hand so that the repair could provide 3 minutes or 1748 seconds of working time for shoe assembly for 1 product.


Brachial plexus palsy in the newborn has been decreasing steadily in this century with improvement in obstetrical management.' In the last 50 years, both the incidence and severity of injuries have decreased.' The natural history of plexus injuries today is generally full recovery of function by the age of 18 months.2>3 A small number of cases have persisted in deficit in strength and motion; for these cases there exists a wide variety of tendon transfer operations to improve motion and function The classic presentation in a child with a residual upper plexus palsy is shoulder internal rotation and adduction deformity. The elbow extension posture is emphasized in the literature3 (Figure 1). We have, however, been impressed with the number of patients who have elbow flexion contractures despite the weakness of elbow flexors. This study was designed to document the


Anaerobic digestion process have a rapid development with the advanced research of anaerobic digestion theory,but low efficiency and stability was a common problem we must face,and the ammonia inhibition induced by ammonia accumulation was the key factor.In this paper,the mechanism and factors of ammonia inhibition were introduced,and the methanogenism dynamic during ammonia inhibition as well as the methods of alleviating and eliminating ammonia inhibition were summarized simply.In the last,it provided the promising research fields of ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion.


The interaction of surface-attached weak polyelectrolyte brushes, grown directly from the surface of a solid substate by surface-initiated polymerization, with weak polyelectrolyte molecules in solution is studied. In adition, the formation of PEL multilayers onto such brush substrates is investigated. A strong template effect is observed and the thickness of each adsorbed layer is closely related to the thickness of the initial brush. Thus monolayers of more than 100 nm can be adsorbed in one single dipping cycle. Layer thickness of PEI layers adsorbed to PMAA brusher as a function of the thickness of the surface-attached monolayer. The solid line represents a case in which the PEI layer has exactly the same thickness as the brush monolayer.


The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis, methanolic extract (HE) on growth performance, hepatic oxidative status, humoral and intestinal immunity, and intestinal bacteria of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish were allocated into twelve tanks for four treatments, receiving diets containing 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg HE for eight weeks. The results showed that dietary HE supplementation induced no significant differences in the growth performance, feed efficiency, and hematological parameters (P > 0.05). HE supplementation significantly increased total leukocyte count and the highest count was observed in 250 mg/kg HE treatment (P < 0.001). Fish in 250 and 500 mg/kg HE treatments exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte (P = 0.001) and higher neutrophil (P = 0.002) percentages; the former exhibited a significantly higher monocyte percentage (P = 0.021). Hepatic superoxide dismutase (100 and 250 mg/kg HE; P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (100 and 250 mg/kg HE; P = 0.001), glutathione reducatse (all HE treatments; P < 0.001), and reduced glutathione (250 mg/kg HE; P = 0.046) significantly increased, whereas hepatic malondialdehyde levels (250 and 500 mg/kg HE; P = 0.007) significantly decreased in HE-treated fish. Plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, and alternative complement significantly increased in 250 and 500 mg/kg HE treatments and plasma total Ig significantly increased in 250 mg/kg HE treatment. Quantitative real time PCR found no Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garvieae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, and Vibrio anguillarum in the fish intestines in any treatments. Lactobacillus sp. was detected in the fish intestinal samples, but there were no significant differences among the treatments (P = 0.352). Intestinal defensin (P = 0.044) and interleukin-1 beta (P = 0.0.035) expressions were significantly up-regulated in 100 mg/kg HE; intestinal interleukin-10 (P < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.001) expressions were significantly up-regulated in 100 and 500 mg/kg HE; whereas, intestinal interleukin-6 expression was significantly (P = 0.009) up-regulated in 250 mg/kg HE treatments. It is concluded that HE is able to stimulate humoral and intestinal immune responses and hepatic antioxidant capacity. HE effective concentration in rainbow trout may be in the range of 100-250 mg/kg.


The purpose of this study was to (1) Describe the factors that cause delinquency students in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar, (2) Describe how to prevent student misbehavior in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar, and (3) Describe the solution handling student misbehavior in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar. This study is a qualitative research. This research was conducted in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar. Data collection techniques used in this study is observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study using an interactive model of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed (1) The factors that cause delinquency students in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar is a matter of family, neighborhood, and electronic media. (2) How to prevent student misbehavior in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar preventive (prevention), and repressive (inhibits), whereas that was already by way of curative (healing) and rehabilitation (repair). (3) The solution handling student misbehavior in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Gondangrejo Karanganyar the school plays an active role in finding solutions to handling student misbehavior among others, with the mentoring program that involves parents, for example, on how to understand the behavior of students both at school and at home, so that would be obtained methods of treatment and prevention of delinquency occurs.


Photonic bands in two types of two-dimensional metallic photonic crystals (2-D MPCs), which are composed of dielectric rods embedded into a metallic background (type I MPCs) and metallic rods in a dielectric background (type II MPCs), are investigated theoretically using a method based on the frequency-dependent plane-wave expansion method. We discuss the maximization of the normalized gap width as a function of the rod shapes and orientations. In addition, we study the effect of dielectric constants of the rods and the background on the width of the photonic band gap. Four different shapes of rods-square, circular, diamond, and rectangular-are considered. The numerical results show that the type I MPCs have a higher normalized gap width than the type II MPCs. We observe that the rotation of the noncircular rods in the type I MPCs leads to a slight variation, less than 10%, in the normalized values of the gap width in the two lattice structures. However, rotating the metallic square rods arranged in a square lattice results in doubling of the normalized gap width. The normalized gap width can be tailored by changing the dielectric constant of the rods (background) in type I (type II) MPCs.


1. J. S. Mill and the Future of Liberalism 2. The Liberalism of Karl Popper 3. Social Contract, Community and Ideology 4. On Negative and Positive Liberty 5. Freedom, Slavery and Contentment 6. Hayek on Liberty, Rights and Justice 7. Spencer on the Ethics of Liberty and the Limits of State Interference 8. Indirect Utility and Fundamental Rights 9. Liberalism and the Choice of liberties 10. Contractarian Method, Private Property and the Market Economy 11. Oakeshott on Law, Liberty and Civil Association 12. Mill's and Other Liberalisms


A Summary of the2010 Photocathode Physics for Photoinjectors Workshop Ivan Bazarov 1 , David Dowell 2 , *Fay Hannon 3 , Katherine Harkay 4 , Carlos Hernandez Garcia 3 , Howard Padmore 5 , Triveni Rao 6 , John Smedley 6 1 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 2 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 3 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606 4 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 5 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 6 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 This contribution contains a summary and some highlights from the Photocathode Physics for Photoinjectors (P3) Workshop [1]. This workshop, held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Ocotber of 2010, was aimed at bringing the photocathode community together to discuss and explore the current state of the art in accelerator photocathodes, from both a theoretical and a materials science perspective. All types of photocathode materials were discussed, including metals, NEA and PEA semiconductors, and 'designer' photocathodes with bespoke properties. Topics of the workshop included: Current status of photocathodes for accelerator applications Current fabrication methods Applications of modern materials science to the growth and analysis of cathodes Photoemission spectroscopy as a diagnostic of cathode performance Utilization of modern user facilities Photoemission theory Novel ideas in cathode development Discussion forum on future collaboration for cathode growth, analysis and testing


Let Ω be a bounded, smooth domain in ℝ2n, n ≥ 2. The well‐known Moser‐Trudinger inequality ensures the nonlinear functional Jρ(u) is bounded from below if and only if ρ ≤ ρ2n := 22nn!(n − 1)!ω2n, where $$J_{\rho}(u) = {1 \over 2} \int_{\Omega} |(-\Delta)^{n/2} u|^2 - \rho \log \int_{\Omega} e^u \,dx$$ in ${\cal X}:=H^n(\Omega)\cap \{ u, (-\Delta)^j u \in H^1_0(\Omega), j=1,\dots, [{n-1 \over 2}] \}$, and ω2n is the area of the unit sphere 𝕊2n − 1 in ℝ2n. In this paper, we prove the infu∈X Jρ(u) is always attained for ρ ≤ ρ2n.


22 geographical populations of Anoplohora glabripennis and 1 species of A.chinensis,covering 16 regions in China,2 regions in USA and 2 regions in South Korea were collected.Those specimens were screened for polymorphic RAPD markers with 17 arbitary primers.There were totally 219 different polymorphic loci obtained,which were sufficient to identify the differences of DNA at the intra-specific and inter-specific levels among these populations studied.According to the relationships of genetic distances in RAPD phylogram,Anoplohora was classified into a clustering branch,geographical populations of A.glabripennis were classied into another clustering branch.In RAPD phylogram,the population of A.glabripennis in USA was classified into an indpendence clustering branch,which showed that the origin of A.glabripennis distributed in USA was not likely from China.


The issue of what is proper to nature, or life itself, is central to critical accounts of biomedicine and its complex interrelations with social, political and economic forces. These engagements, namely biopolitical accounts of medical practices and ethical-political critiques of biomedical discourse, grapple with the indistinction between the political and biological that biomedicine enacts. Making a significant contribution to both literatures, Ed Cohen's A Body Worth Defending argues that the emergence of the concept of biological immunity signals the entry of politics into life itself and, as such, constitutes a concrete example of biopolitics. This article examines Cohen's account of how the political becomes biological, and the view of life it assumes. Seeking to open up the question of biology, it draws on the work of Georges Canguilhem, and New Materialist accounts of matter–meaning entanglement, to offer a reading of knowledge and life, or politics and biology, as ontologically entangled.


Gravity inversions have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the interior of planetary bodies and the processes that shaped them. However, previous global gravity inversion methods neglect the inference of mantle density anomalies when using techniques to decrease the non‐uniqueness of the inversion. In this work, we present a novel global gravity inversion algorithm, named THeBOOGIe, suited to inferring global‐scale density anomalies within the crust and mantle of planetary bodies. The algorithm embraces the nonuniqueness inherent in gravity inversions by not prescribing at the outset a density interface or depth range of interest. Instead, the method combines a Bayesian approach with a flexible incorporation of prior geological or geophysical information to infer density anomalies at any depth. A validation test using synthetic lunar‐like gravity data shows that THeBOOGIe can constrain the lateral location of crustal density anomalies but tends to overestimate their thicknesses. Importantly, THeBOOGIe can detect deep mantle density anomalies and quantify the level of confidence in the inferred density models. Our results show that THeBOOGIe can provide complementary information to one‐dimensional seismic models of the interior of the terrestrial planets and the Moon by constraining density anomalies that are not spherically symmetric. Additionally, THeBOOGIe is specially suited to constraining the interior of partially differentiated bodies where these large‐scale density anomalies are more likely to exist. Finally, thanks to the flexible use of priors, THeBOOGIe is an essential tool to understand the interior of planetary bodies lacking additional constraints.


Cell voltage – current density dependences for a model electrochemical cell of fixed geometry were calculated for different electrolyte conductivities, Tafel slopes and cathodic exchange current densities. The ratio between the current density at the part of the cathode nearest to the anode and the one furthest away were taken as a measure for the estimation of the current density distribution. The calculations reveal that increasing the conductivity of the electrolyte, as well as increasing the cathodic Tafel slope should both improve the current density distribution. Also, the distribution should be better under total activation control or total diffusion control rather than at mixed activation-diffusion-Ohmic control of the deposition process. On the contrary, changes in the exchange current density should not affect it. These results, being in agreement with common knowledge about the influence of different parameters on the current distribution in an electrochemical cell, demonstrate that a quick estimation of the current distribution can be performed by a simple comparison of the current density at the point of the cathode closest to anode with that at furthest point.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the roles that access formal and informal finance as well as mobile money play in facilitating the choice of coping strategies that households adopt.

Design/methodology/approach
The research methodology considers the estimation of binary outcome maximum likelihood probit models for each coping strategy on a vector of covariates that include measures of financial inclusion, household characteristics and community variables.

Findings
The author finds that financial inclusion is associated with a higher likelihood of adopting market-oriented strategies such as selling assets or borrowing and lower likelihood for non-market strategies such as reliance on informal networks and reducing consumption.

Originality/value
To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper provides the first empirical attempt examining the pathways through which financial inclusion may facilitate the choice of coping strategies using nuanced household data.


Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting is an attractive technology for self-powered wireless sensor networks because of the potential to deliver power to the sensor nodes from mechanical vibration sources in the surrounding medium. Systematic device designs are required in order to increase performance along with materials development of high piezoelectric coefficients and design of circuits with high power transfer efficiency. In this work, we present refined structural and electrical modeling of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting, followed by parametric case studies on MEMS devices. Differences in geometric parameters including the size of the electrode and the number of IDE fingers for given device dimensions lead to substantial changes in harvesting performance such as capacitance, system coupling, voltage and power. When compared with parallel plate electrodes, use of IDEs results in much higher voltage generation by a factor of ten times while similar power levels are observed for both {3-1} and {3-3} configurations at optimal electrical loading conditions.


Adaptation and adoption of immature emergent technologies for instruction fails to account for the challenge to, and creation of, new concepts of self, identity and community both in real and virtual spaces. New insight is necessary to develop social policy responses, including those of educational systems and institutions, to the consequences of these new conceptualisations. This chapter presents an original theoretical model which aims to assist in the interpretation of existing theory, exploring the interrelated dimensions of values, virtuality and veracity disturbed by the adaptation of emergent technologies. It invites an exploration of existing theoretical and methodological instruments available within the broader Social Sciences to examine emerging notions of identity. The emergent theoretical model visualizes a set of complex assumptions within the concepts of the "real-virtual" interface created by emergent technologies; the 3V model represents one means of explore internal structure to this liminal space and invites further empirical study.


RF fingerprinting leverages circuit-level variability of transmitters to identify them using signals they send. Signals used for identification are impacted by a wireless channel and receiver circuitry, creating additional impairments that can confuse transmitter identification. Eliminating these impairments or just evaluating them, requires data captured over a prolonged period of time, using many spatially separated transmitters and receivers. In this paper, we present WiSig; a large-scale WiFi dataset containing 10 million packets captured from 174 off-the-shelf WiFi transmitters and 41 USRP receivers over 4 captures spanning a month. WiSig is publicly available, not just as raw captures, but as conveniently pre-processed subsets of limited size, along with the scripts and examples. A preliminary evaluation performed using WiSig shows that changing receivers, or using signals captured on a different day can significantly degrade a trained classifier's performance. While capturing data over more days or more receivers limits the degradation, it is not always feasible, and novel data-driven approaches are needed. WiSig provides the data to develop and evaluate these approaches towards channel and receiver agnostic transmitter fingerprinting.


Storage substances such as starch grains, proteins and lipids were studied during the male gametogenesis and in the mature pollen grain of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae). There are two cycles of amylogenesis and amylolyse. The first cycle lasts until the vacuolated stage when the starch is hydrolyzed and amorphous proteins are stored inside the single vacuole. The next cycle begins after mitosis with the formation of the vegetative and generative cells. At this point, the young vegetative cell stores many starch grains that are bigger than in the first cycle. During the maturation of the male gametophyte, the starch is hydrolyzed and it is absent in the mature pollen grain. Small lipid droplets surround the young generative cell after the mitosis of the androspore and are dispersed in the vegetative cytoplasm during its maturity. The relationship between the pollen storage substances and the ontogeny of the layers in the sporoderm, formation of the generative cell, and the male germ unit were discussed.


This work deals with a brief history of a comic book and its processing with emergence of
individual technologies. It describes the individual steps of creating a comic book within the
frame of industry, equipment, people working on the comic book and the time-consuming
process. Furthemore, the work deals with the process of halftoning and colour separation from
the view of historical evolution and influence on manufacturing of comic books is described.


Apparatus for automatically inserting parallel leads of electronic components into openings in a printed circuit board having an improved lead holding and guiding assembly. The improved lead holding and guiding assembly is associated with the frame of the apparatus and includes a guiding member mounted for rotation about an axis of rotation which extends in the x-direction, i.e., in the direction of a line which is orthogonal to both of the parallel leads, and for longitudinal movement in the z-direction, i.e., in the direction which is perpendicular to the orthogonal plane which contains the orthogonally extending line. The holding and guiding assembly further includes a pair of holding members disposed at respective sides of the guiding members such that the side surfaces of the end portion of the guiding member and the respective inner side surfaces of the holding members constitute lead holding and guiding portions. The holding members are mounted for rotation relative to the guiding member about respective axes of rotation so that the lead holding and guiding portions can be opened and closed as the holding members are rotated.


Cadherins mediate Ca 2+ -dependent cell–cell adhesion. Efficient export of cadherins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is known to require complex formation with (cid:1) -catenin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this requirement remain elusive. Here we show that PX-RICS, a (cid:1) -catenin-interacting GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Cdc42, mediates ER-to-Golgi transport of the N-cadherin/ (cid:1) -catenin complex. Knockdown of PX-RICS expression induced the accumulation of the N-cadherin/ (cid:1) -catenin complex in the ER and ER exit site, resulting in a decrease in cell–cell adhesion. PX-RICS was also required for ER-to-Golgi transport of the fibroblast growth factor-receptor 4 (FGFR4) associated with N-cadherin. PX-RICS-mediated ER-to-Golgi transport was dependent on its interaction with (cid:1) -catenin, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), Cdc42, and its novel binding partner (cid:2) -aminobutyric acid type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP). These results suggest that PX-RICS ensures the efficient entry of the N-cadherin/ (cid:1) -catenin complex into the secretory pathway, and thereby regulates the amount of N-cadherin available for cell adhesion and FGFR4-mediated signaling.


December was a cold and unsettled month with wintry conditions predominating after the first ten days; snowfall was substantial – in eastern regions and on high ground particularly. This Arctic episode, which extended well into January, resulted in extensive and sustained transport disruption with major impacts on many communities. The low frequency of Atlantic frontal systems contributed to December precipitation totals being mostly below average but many rivers were in spate early in the month and flood alerts were both common and widespread. Thereafter recessions became established, heralding particularly low flows around month end. Nonetheless, the abundant late autumn and early winter replenishment ensured that December reservoir stocks were generally very healthy. There was some local drawdown to moderate flood risk (e.g. at Clywedog) but, entering 2010, most major reservoirs were close to capacity; there were a few exceptions in eastern England (stocks in Rutland reservoir were below the early January average). Despite the seasonally late onset of groundwater recharge in 2009, groundwater levels were generally above the December average and notably high in some areas. The water resources outlook for 2010 is therefore very encouraging but the considerable (albeit spatially very variable) snowpack storage implies a moderately enhanced flood risk – particularly in the event of a rapid thaw.


University is one of the core elements that affect educational donation policy's executive.And the interfering are factors being short of consciousness,belif of waiting for windfalls,lack of complete programming,single-category of donation,low specification degree and unregulated capital using.The way out is to build up the active concept,establish university program, increase breeds and ways,enhance the group's professional constructing regulatedonation's,open capital management and so on.


FIELD: aviation. SUBSTANCE: device for detection and prevention of swash of trailing-edge flaps (1) comprises of a beam (2), fixed to the wing (4) and provided with guiding elements (3), and of a carriage (5). A pushing mechanism (7) is rigidly fixed to the beam (2) and a double-arm rocker (8) is hingedly mounted. The first arm (9) is connected to the first end (11) of the first spring (10), the second end (12) is connected to the beam (2). The rod (17) of the pushing mechanism (7) abuts against the end of the second arm (16) of the double-arm rocker (8). The end of the first arm (9) of the double-arm rocker (8) is in mesh with the trigger lever (13) mounted on the shaft (15) on the beam (2). The shaft (15) also has a lever with a cylindrical pin connected to the first end of the second spring. The second end of the second spring is connected to the beam (2). The above beam (2) is hingedly connected to the housing (24) of the trailing-edge flap position sensor (1). The end of the rod (25) of said sensor (24) is hingedly connected to one of the arms (27) of the double-arm lever (28), mounted on the beam (2), the second arm (29) of which is connected to the cowling (33) of the flap mechanism by an articulated rod (30). EFFECT: shortest load path. 8 dwg


This study investigated the misuse of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) among children and youth. The data source was newspaper reports obtained from three Turkish daily newspapers, between January 2006 and December 2012. In that seven years period, a total of 66 ICT misuse incidents were reported in the selected newspapers. Document analysis was performed on the newspaper reports. Themes and codes were entered as variables to manage the data quantitatively. Results revealed that ICT misuse was most commonly conducted through cell phones, social networking sites, instant messaging and web pages. Young people's involvement of ICT misuse had three forms; from young perpetrator/s to the young victim/s, from young perpetrator/s to adult victim/s and from adult perpetrator/s to young victim/s. ICTs were commonly misused for sexual abuse, insulting or taking revenge. While perpetrators were mostly males whose ages ranged between 14 and 52, a great majority of ICT misuse victims were females, with an age range from 8 to 46. Negative psychological and physiological impacts were reported by the victims.


This is a thoughtful book written by a sociologist with a comprehensive knowledge of medical practice and medical education in contemporary Canadian society. His book deals with the ideologic reaction of Canadian physicians as they strive to meet the demands of their professional role in a rapidly changing society. Current changes in the medical care system are creating role strain and conflict in values within the profes sion, and between physicians and the public. Many physicians are reacting to these difficulties by holding fast to their tradi tional professional ideology, which provides them with a socially acceptable means of combating emotional conflicts, anxieties and doubts. This ideology is examined here in terms of the official state ments of the Canadian Medical Association between 1943 and 1965 concerning the introduction of medical care insurance. The adverse reaction of the profession to the growing trend toward government administered and financed medical in surance schemes is analyzed from the perspective of the strains these programs are engendering for physicians. Bernard R. Blishen, senior editor of a major collection of essays on Canadian society, served as Research Director with the Royal Commission on Health Services. Much of the factual


INTRODUCTION Cell and Gene therapy are the advanced medicinal approaches of the 21st century. Mesenchymal stem cells have been established as immunomodulatory cells that can be obtained from multiple sources with relative ease, which have ability to home to the sites of inflammation and have not shown any oncogenic risk even after use in thousands of patients in several clinical studies and after approval of multiple products worldwide (for example Prochymal®, Alofisel®, Temcell®). Gene therapy (therapy by expression of a therapeutic gene) can be administered in two fundamental ways; in-vivo or ex-vivo. Invivo gene transfer is conducted directly by virtue of exposing the patient's body to the vectors of gene therapy. There are multiple risks associated with the in-vivo gene transfer; namely immune reaction, minimal control over cell transformation, and uncertainty of efficacy. Ex-vivo gene transfer minimizes the risks associated with immune reaction, provides exceptional control over the gene transfer process and also provides opportunity to test the expression and effectiveness of the gene transfer process. Mesenchymal stem cells offer one of the most ideal candidates for ex-vivo gene transfer as they can express therapeutic proteins, have immunomodulatory properties avoiding immune rejection, and are able to deliver targeted therapies by virtue of homing ability to the disease sites. In this review, we will focus on the use of MSCs with or without genetic enhancement and use of conditioned media derived from MSCs in the treatment of neurological diseases, immunological disorders, cardiac diseases, metabolic diseases gastrointestinal diseases and hematological diseases. In this review, we also address the use of gene modified MSCs as targeted therapies for metastatic cancers.


Gatekeeping is a term associated with the intake function of acute mental health services and involves making key decisions about provision of service to clients. The term can also be seen as a powerful metaphor, invested with both functional and symbolic connotations epitomising the challenges and dilemmas faced by acute care workers. The gatekeeper metaphor is explored and juxtaposed against an alternative metaphor, that of the concierge, which presents a more constructive and inspiring vision of clinical practice. Defensive, self protective and aggressive practices are challenged whilst clinicians are urged to empower themselves by moderating a growing focus on administration, control and risk management through renewed perspectives based on clinical judgment, compassion and care. Intake is redefined as a client focused service and the 'Concierge' a way of envisaging a more satisfying professional role for mental health nurses and other acute care clinicians.


Describes an intelligent real time cell control architecture for flexible manufacturing systems. This architecture is based on the multi-agent concept of the distributed artificial intelligence. We propose an actor architecture. This multi-agent prototype system involves the following functions: scheduling, dispatching, monitoring and error handling. A new contract protocol for dynamic scheduling is presented. The purpose of this protocol is to dynamically assign operations to the resources of the manufacturing system in order to accomplish the proposed tasks. This protocol is able to deal with exceptions.


Cyber-Physical-Systems are subject to cyber-attacks due to existing vulnerabilities in the various components constituting them. System Resiliency is concerned with the extent the system is able to bounce back to a normal state under attacks. In this paper, two communication Networks are analyzed, formally described, and modeled using Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL), identifying their architecture, connections, vulnerabilities, resources, possible attack instances as well as their pre-and post-conditions. The generated network models are then verified against a security property using JKind model checker integrated tool. The union of the generated attack sequences/scenarios resulting in overall network compromise (given by its loss of stability) is the Attack graph. The generated Attack graph is visualized graphically using Unity software, and then used to assess the worst Level of Resilience for both networks.


The present investigation was carried out on seventy six genotypes of bread wheat including six checks with an objective to evaluate their salt tolerance and to estimate the genetic variability, correlation of different quantitative traits with grain yield per plant and among themselves, direct and indirect effects of various yield components towards grain yield and formulation of selection index for selection of superior genotypes. The experiment was carried out during rabi season at the Research Farm of RPCAU, Pusa. The observations were recorded on germination, early vigour, root: shoot ration, relative leaf water content, specific leaf weight, flag leaf area, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. The mean data with respect to these traits were subjected to statistical analysis. Variability existing in the genotypes were significant for all the characters under study except specific leaf weight. High estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for root: shoot ratio, flag leaf area and number of productive tillers per plant. Among the genotypes NW (S) 02-13 was the highest yielder followed by KYZO-295. Finally, on the basis of multiple regression analysis based on flag leaf area, spikelet sterility, biological yield per plant and harvest index, the genotypes viz., N)02-13, KYZO-295, NW(S)02-14, 2-K-142 and NW(S) 02-5 were identified as most promising for salinity stress tolerance.


Purpose of reviewHIV diversity is a major challenge to accurate detection of HIV-specific immunity in vitro and HIV vaccine immunogen design alike. Although achieving extensive coverage of global viral diversity is a common goal for both tasks, different strategies for achieving maximal in-vitro detection of responses and optimal in-vivo induction of immune responses may be needed. This review describes and compares some of the most recently developed approaches. Recent findingsSingle sequence-based antigen sets as well as polyvalent peptide test reagents have been developed over recent years that are suitable for detection of comprehensive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immunity in the naturally infected or vaccinated host. These tools permit increasingly accurate assessment of the host immune response, thus providing the basis for identification of immune correlates of controlled HIV infection. SummaryThese recent findings and newly developed strategies that allow more comprehensive detection of HIV-specific T-cell responses provide the tools necessary to assess vaccine immunogenicity and breadth within genetically different host populations and relative to diverse local viral populations. They will ultimately inform design of vaccine immunogen sequences that can induce broadly protective cellular immunity.


Since 1984, ferroelectric RAMs (FeRAMs) have been demonstrated in many applications such as smart cards and low-density memories. Prior to 1984, attempts failed because of the poor quality of thin films of complex materials. Currently, two materials compete for the large-scale integration development of FeRAMs. The first is a perovskite ceramic known as PZT (PbZr/sub 1-x/Ti/sub x/O/sub 3/). The second material is known as a layered perovskite such as SBT (SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/). For low-density devices which employ thin films of either material with a thickness <300 nm operated at 3-5 V, both materials yield approximately the same results. As FeRAMs enter the deep submicron realm, the ferroelectric thin-film technology is ready to support high-density integration. SBT-based devices can be integrated as capacitors in DRAM-like 1T/1C stacked cells and flash-like FeFET cells. Experience with embedded FeRAMs is positive, so that the system-on-chip as well as stand-alone high-density devices are foreseen. The possibility of 1 V operation at a few to several tens of nanoseconds write with nonvolatility brings FeRAMs to the forefront of non-volatile memories. Scaling of capacitor areas as small as 0.04 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is possible. With capacitor and FET technologies, FeRAMs blur the line between non-volatile memories as DRAM-like destructive read-out (DRO) devices and flash-like non-destructive read-out (NDRO) devices, which compete for the highly mobile generation of Internet devices and G-3 phones.


This paper aims to understand/identify the needs and criteria to provide self-service kiosks in supporting of e-government environment in the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD). The methodology of the study is a survey of 196 respondents at the Royal Malaysian Customs Department in Selangor with a concentration on the West Port area. The findings show that the customers required a self-service kiosk as a channel to access information and services in this department. However, it is found that the level of the kiosk access depends on the benefits and features of the kiosk and the types of the kiosk services. There is a significant relationship between the need for a self-service kiosk provision and the need to access information through the kiosk.


This article was a review about the characters of Agrobacterium rhizogenes,the structure and function of its Ri plasmid,the transferring method of hairy root and factors influencing transformation,the methods of culture and identifying hairy root and the application of Ri plasmid to plant secondary metabolites.


Pain is a subjective sensation that generally alerts the body to an area that requires attention, protection or rest. It is a common-and often the main-symptom of many conditions. This article expl...


In the European Brite-Euram research project DURACRETE, a new service life design concept for reinforced concrete structures has been established. This new concept enables the durability design of reinforced concrete structures for a defined lifetime related to limit state formulations. The result of the full probabilistic calculation is a limit state based failure probability of the structure. This new design approach has been used first for a bored tunnel construction in The Netherlands (Gehlen and Schiessl 1999).


Worldwide, UNESCO provides a global and authorized set of protocols for the conservation of heritage. The organization has long framed the discourse and practice of cultural heritage management. At the Hangzhou International Congress in 2013, UNESCO declared culture as key to development, thereby confirming the role of culture and cultural heritage in sustainable development. In this article, attention is given to emerging sensory ecofeminism and its links to heritage and tourism in Mauritius, specifically in "unauthorized" heritage management locales and hotel settings. The research problem engaged in this study is that globally, heritage conservation is perceived as being of primary interest to UNESCO, the prerogative of authorized professionals and nominated heritage sites. The goal of the research is to understand the manifestation of cultural heritage and its management in coastal locales and how coastal sites and "unauthorized" heritage managers, hitherto not included in national heritage discourse and practice, may advance inclusive heritage management. Using the anthropological research methods of semi-structured interviews and participant observation to produce ethnographic data in 2022, this study finds that a selection of luxury hotels in Mauritius advances a gender-influenced and ecofeminist discourse that supports heritage, tourism, and sustainability in Mauritius. The conclusion of this study is that "unauthorized" heritage management processes and practices in luxury hotels and tourism establishments can be gender and community inclusive, sensitive to various social hierarchies, and required to achieve environmental sustainability. It is recommended that national heritage institutions and practitioners give more attention to the diverse, often unexpected locales for heritage conservation and inclusion.


The marine propulsion diesel engine has been widely applied with a mechanical-hydraulic governor to control the ship speed for a long time. However,...


Objective
To analyze the prognostic factors and their influences on breast cancer patients with local-regional recurrence.

Methods
From Jan. 1st, 1998 to Dec. 30th, 2007, 66 breast cancer patients with local-regional recurrence were treated at Breast Center of Peking University People's Hospital. The overall survival of the patients was analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival analysis and the prognostic factors such as primary tumor status, initial treatment, location of recurrence and treatment strategy after local recurrence were analyzed using Cox regression model.

Results
The median follow-up was 111 months. The median survival for the 66 patients with recurrence was 99 months, ranging from 3 to 188 months and 5-year survival rate was 60%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically significant better survival for patients with unifocal primary tumor, undergoing initial breast conservation surgery, with local recurrence only and undergoing radical local treatment after local recurrence(P=0.003, P=0.017, P=0.050, and P=0.000 respectively). COX regression analysis showed that age at initial diagnosis and radical local treatment after recurrence had influences on post-recurrence survival of patients without distant metastasis(P=0.004 and 0.000 respectively).

Conclusion
The clinical and pathological features of primary tumor, initial surgery, site of recurrence and treatment strategy after recurrence have influences on prognosis of breast cancer patients with local-regional recurrence.

Key words:
Breast neoplasm; Neoplasm recurrence; Local; Prognosis


when. As pointed out at the close of part three, adaptation is an urgent need. We are changing the climate system and we will have to adapt to the consequences. Part 4 is a very strong argument for more research. The authors are right to state that we need to deepen our understanding of how we are impacting the planet and also right to point out the role that scientists exploring our White Planet have played in deepening our understanding. Climate change presents huge uncertainties. Decision-makers need as much evidence as possible on which to base their decisions. We will only gather that evidence through further research. For the price the UK government is paying for an aircraft carrier that, as yet, has no aircraft and, in my view is likely to become a white elephant, a colossal amount of research into our White World could be funded. This is a fascinating, well-written book. It combines history and science and gives pause for thought as we contemplate the impact of human beings on the planet. Who should read this book? For a start every delegate to the Convention of the Parties, the governing body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In particular, it would make useful reading for the current Prime Minister of Australia,Tony Abbot. I would also recommend this book to the CEO of every energy company and to all climate sceptics who peddle their half-baked nonsense around the lobbies of government throughout the world. You will really enjoy this book. I have!


Induction heating or melting apparatus and the rectifier / inverter garden device 10 for use with comprises a tuning capacitor (C Tuning capacitor (C Further, the induction load coil (L


Myelin basic protein (MBP) is thought to be one of the key autoantigens in multiple sclerosis (MS) development. A recent study described the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12959006, within the MBP gene, with a higher risk of relapse and worse prognosis. We aim at studying potential associations of this SNP to MS in an independent population. Clinical data of the first 5 years of the disease were collected retrospectively from 291 MS confirmed patients. MBP polymorphism rs12959006 was genotyped in all patients. Associations with EDSS, number of relapses and serology for Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein Barr (EBV) viruses were studied. Lymphocyte activation measured by CD69 expression was also analyzed according to sex and rs12959006 genotype. The rs12959006 polymorphism contributed significantly to a higher number of relapses at 5 years after onset only in male patients (rs12959006∗TT β = 0.74 [0.36–1.09]; p = 7 × 10–5). Titers of anti-HHV6 IgG antibodies showed also a mild association with relapses, both in male and female patients (β = 0.01 [0.01–0.02]; p = 3.7 × 10–8). Both the genetic variation in MBP and HHV-6 infection aid in predicting a higher number of relapses during the first years of MS. The association described in MBP rs12959006∗T is exclusive to male patients.


In recent years, supply chain performance measurement has received much attention from researchers and practitioners. Effective supply chain performance through supply chain antecedents such as business analytics has become a potentially valuable way of securing competitive advantage and improving supply chain performance. Many organizations have begun to recognize that supply chain management is the key to building a sustainable competitive advantage for their products or services in an increasingly crowded marketplace. Despite the fact that, determining supply chain performance through its antecedents is considered as a unique methodology, theoretical and comprehensive studies on supply chain performance through the methodology is few and far between. This study addressed the lack of the empirical studies by developing a comprehensive model to examine the effect of plan analyse, source analyse, make analyse and delivery analyse on supply chain performance considering moderating effect of WS on the relationships. A quantitative methodology using a cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the relationship between variables. Data were collected from automotive companies in Iran. The overall response rate was 86.72%. The relationships between variables were examined using structural equation modelling (SEM) technique and partial least squares (PLS) software was used to examine the proposed hypotheses. The results revealed there is a significant and positive relationship between four areas of business analytics namely plan analyse, source analyse, make analyse and delivery analyse and supply chain performance. Moreover, the results indicated that the aforementioned relationship is moderated by WS. The study combined resource- based theory, resource dependence theories to develop a new theoretical framework to demonstrate the importance of the four areas of SCOR approach businesses analytic; in improving supply chain performance. Moreover, the study has provided a new platform to effectively improve supply chain performance.


Altangerel and Spaeth should be congratulated on their novel approach to patient-centred measurement of visual disability in glaucoma (The Assessment of Function Related to Vision [AFREV]).1 Indeed, better measures of patient-centred performance in glaucoma have been called for.2 Particularly pleasing is their use of Rasch analysis, as the importance of this technique in both providing truly linear scoring and an insight into questionnaire validity is gaining widespread appreciation in ophthalmology.3 However, Rasch analysis is only useful if used correctly. Several aspects of the analysis performed by Altangerel and Spaeth deserve attention. It is not really possible to assess the overall performance of the AFREV within the Rasch model because the authors have not reported any overall model statistics. Typically, statistics such as person and item separation reliabilities for the model and the real data are reported.4 These give an indication of test precision which is dependent on having sufficient numbers of items.5 It is very concerning that the final version contained only five items in the Rasch model because such a small number of items is unlikely to provide a valid model. Even including all nine original AFREV items may be cutting it fine, but this cannot be assessed without overall model statistics being presented. Then, only if one has valid overall model statistics do item fit statistics become relevant. The authors do present item fit statistics and use them to decide whether to remove misfitting or overfitting items to improve item. While this is a standard approach, it should only be done within the confines of good overall model performance.4 One would want to see evidence that item reduction has not led to an unacceptable loss of precision. Targeting of items to patients is a key element of validity that the authors seem mindful of.4 However, the tasks are very poorly targeted to the patients, with the overwhelming majority of patients not having difficulty with any of the tasks. This illustrates that the AFREV test would benefit from the addition of more difficult tasks. These findings limit the claim that "AFREV appears to be a valid measure of performance ability." Curiously, while the authors outlined the virtues of Rasch analysis, they also used the NEI-VFQ questionnaire and scored it with Likert scoring. Others have shown the benefits of Rasch scaling the NEI-VFQ6 (indeed a conversion algorithm was published in this journal),7 so why not Rasch scale these data also?


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinaproduced ranitidine bismuth citrate(RBC) in treatment of peptic ulcer. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind,controlled trial, as well as opened trial was carried out in multicentfe clinics. Four hundred and thirty two patients with peptic ulcer were enrolled in the study, a total of 26 cases were withdrawal from the study (6.03%). In double- blind trial, 104 patients (30 with gastric ulcer and 74 with duodenal ulcer) were enrolled in RBCgroup (350mg, bid) and 105 cases (31 with gastric ulcer and 74 with duodenal ulcer) in controlled group (ranitidine, 150mg, bid). RESULTS: The percentage of disappearance for abdominal pain in RBC group and ranitidine group was 94.95% and 95.96% respectively (P0.05). Comparing with ranihdine group, the gastric ulcer healing rate of RBC group in 6 week was significant higher (86.67%, 26/30 vs. 54.84%, 17/31, P0.05). The similar healing rate for duodenal ulcer in 4 week was achieved in both RBC and ranitidine group (69.86%, 51/73 and 62. 16%, 46/74, respectively, P0.05). Three of 301 cases treated with RBC for 4-6weeks had adverse effects, the incidence rate was 1%. CONCLUSION: Chinese-produced RBC was effective and safe in treatment peptic ulcers, especially for gastric ulcer, it had potential effect in eradication for Hp infection.


This paper presents an approach to design and implement a power electronic circuit based photovoltaic (PV) simulator which emulates the output characteristics of PV modules. The characteristics are obtained based on the look-up tables corresponding to an array of ten SunPower SPR-X20-250-BLK photovoltaic modules connected in series. Based on that data, a power factor corrected buck converter circuit is presented here which is able to mimic the panel behaviour at different temperature and irradiance conditions. The designed circuit has been modeled and simulated in Simulink/MATLAB environment. The simulation results show that the output characteristics of the proposed circuit coincide with those of actual PV modules and hence are promising. Thus, the proposed circuit can be used in laboratory environments for research purposes when actual modules are not available or if the environmental conditions are not conducive.


PURPOSE: To provide a catalyst for vapor phase oxidation of ethylene with selectivity and long life, a method for preparing the catalyst and a method for producing ethylene oxide using the catalyst. CONSTITUTION: In the catalyst for producing ethylene oxide, silver is carried on a carrier containing 90.0-98.9% by mass of α-alumina, 0.01-1% by mass (calculated on oxide) of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of potassium and iron, 0.1-5% by mass (calculated on oxide) of silicon compound and 1-5% by mass (calculated on oxide) of zirconium compound. The method for preparing the catalyst and a method for producing ethylene oxide by the catalyst are provided.


Abstract: Infections and endotoxin (LPS) can affect hypothalamic CRH neurons and activate the HPA system. This can be prevented by IL‐1 receptor antagonist and mimicked by IL‐1. Chronic activation of the HPA system by repeated or chronic administration of IL‐1 (1 week) to rats is associated with plastic changes in hypothalamic CRH neurons. Single administration IL‐1β (5 μg/kg i.p.) to male Wistar or Lewis rats induced a similar form of neuroplasticity 1‐3 weeks later. This is characterized by a selective increase in coproduction, costorage, and cosecretion of AVP in hypothalamic CRH neurons. Exposure of IL‐1‐primed rats 1‐2 weeks later to foot shocks or IL‐1 resulted in exaggerated ACTH and CORT responses as compared to vehicle‐primed controls. Thus, rats are hyperresponsive to stressors weeks after IL‐1 exposure. In IL‐1‐primed animals, CRH binding and CRH‐ and V1b receptor mRNA levels in the pituitary glands are not altered by IL‐1 exposure 2 weeks earlier. We conclude that IL‐1‐induced, long‐lasting hyperresponsiveness to stressors is primarily caused by functional alterations in the brain that may be directly related to observed plasticity of hypothalamic CRH neurons.


Abstract The Kalanga language is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe. In Botswana, it has no literary role, but the majority of its speakers have learnt English at school. This has over time led to borrowing and adoption of English words in the language. Borrowing is linked to the status of L2 which is regarded as technologically, culturally and politically prestigious. Certain classes of speakers of L1 may mark themselves socially by phonologizing in a particular manner. When English words are acquired, they are assigned the phonological features of Kalanga. The phonologization processes outlined in this paper relate to the nativization of foreign sounds that characterize lexical borrowings from one language into another. When these lexical items or terms are phonologized, they take the phonological and morphological characteristics of the borrowing language. Grammatical changes may eventually occur if these processes are widespread or are associated with important syntactic accompaniments with borrowings. For instance, once nativized, such lexical items also acquire features such as tone which are not part of the source language. The contrastive discussion of phonologization is a relevant topic in the acquisition of English and provides insights on how the pronunciation of English by Kalanga L2 learners of English may be ameliorated. Keywords: consonant clusters, epenthesizing, lexical borrowing, phonologization, syllabification


ABSTRACT This paper considers the static and dynamic analysis of a high-rise structure under the lateral loads. Firstly, the static analysis was carried out for four different structural systems (i.e. moment-resisting frame, building frame, and outrigger braced frame (OBF) system). Under the same static loading, it was found that the outrigger braced system provides an optimal control to high-rise structure. To earn these results, an analytical procedure was carried out that manifests the efficiency induced by the bracing system. Secondly, dynamic analysis was considered to evaluate the vibration response of a tall building. To this end, the outrigger system was compared with the Pendulum tuned mass dampers (PTMD). The parametric analysis investigates that the outrigger system provides an optimal reduction of 33% for one and 60% for two outriggers in the top displacement and drift response of the structure. This alteration in the response was verified using an analytical solution for the top and middle of the structure. The acceleration reduction capacity of outriggers was found to be 40% and PTMD with 35% respectively. Based on the comparative static and dynamic analysis OBF was found to be an effective addition to the sway frame.


tag=1 data=CJC bites politicians of all persuasions. by Phil Jarratt

tag=2 data=Jarratt, Phil

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=6 data=8 September 1992

tag=7 data=25.

tag=8 data=CORRUPTION%QLD

tag=9 data=CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION

tag=10 data=Queensland's Criminal Justice Commission has cleaned up some messes but in the process has caused problems for both investigators and investigated.

tag=11 data=1992/4/11

tag=12 data=92/0681

tag=13 data=CAB


In this study, COMSOL ® Multiphysics 4.2a is used to model a microwave heating process in a TE 10 rectangular waveguide (3D geometry). The sample consists of a small cylindrical Ca-alginate gel ( D = 8 mm, H = 10 mm) inoculated with bacteria Escherichia Coli K12. The sample is placed along the microwave propagation direction into the waveguide. Maxwell's equations and heat transfer are coupled to a microbial inactivation model (Geeraerd et al., 2000) under dynamic heating conditions (use of RF module, heat transfer and 2 ODE equations). The microwave inactivation of bacteria is compared to a conventional inactivation by conduction with the same heating ramp during 4 min 30 s. The study clearly demonstrates that the microwave heating of small cylindrical sample is not homogeneous under dynamic heating conditions resulting in lower bacteria inactivation comparing to conventional heating.


Vitamin A ester degradation was studied in isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and water, cyclohexane, and in these solvents containing members of the acetic acid series of fatty acids. The results indicate that ( a ) the principal methods of degradation are oxidation and elimination in hydroxylated solvents, ( b ) water increases the rates of elimination, ( c ) fatty acids decrease the rates of elimination, and ( d ) oxidation is the main route of decomposition in hydrocarbon solvents. The stabilizing mechanism of the fatty acids was studied by examining the effects of fatty acids, water, and isopropyl alcohol on anhydrovitamin A.


This unique book examines how U.S. domestic policy regarding the death penalty has been influenced by international pressures, in particular, by foreign nations and international organizations. International pressure has mounted against America's use of the death penalty, straining diplomatic ties. U.S. policies that endorse the execution of juveniles, the mentally handicapped, and disadvantaged foreign nationals have been recognized by allied nations and international organizations as human rights abuses and violation of international law. Further, organizations such as the United Nations and Amnesty International have issued scathing reports revealing racial bias and fundamental procedural flaws in almost every phase of the judicial process in capital cases. International pressures directed at governmental entities, in particular specific states such as Texas, can have a profound impact on governmental operational efficiency and public opinion and effectively render capital punishment cost-prohibitive from a public policy standpoint.


The structures of three ortho-lithiated phenyloxazolines, the parent (1), the para-tert-butyl analogue (2), and the para-chloro analogue (3), were studied in solution. All three compounds are mixtures of monomers and dimers in THF/ether mixed solvents, with 2 the most aggregated and 3 the least. They are converted to monomers with HMPA and PMDTA. In the PMDTA complexes, the lithium appears to still be chelated to the oxazoline ring. Single-crystal X-ray structures were obtained for 1 and 2. Both are centrosymmetric dimers of B-type (each lithium coordinated to one oxazoline ring).


Transmitting huge geometry data over the network would bring severe delays that would effect the characteristics of reality and real-time of distributed virtual environment. To solve this problem we implemented a demand-driven progressive geometry transmission strategy with a prototype multi-user distributed virtual environment in client-server mode. Our data transmission strategy incorporates several techniques including multi-layer AOI management, demand- driven pre-fetching, progressive mesh based transmission and degraded presentation. The experimental result indicate that this strategy optimally utilizes the limited network bandwidth, efficiently saves memory space on local host, at the same time still meets with the real-time demand of virtual environment. In addition, to avoid the server being the system bottleneck, we designed and implemented a divisional data management mechanism with a demand-driven load-balancing algorithm.


In addressing the urgent task of formulating a regulation theory approach to the question of the European Union it is also helpful to examine closely related approaches. This article first undertakes a comparison between the American Social Structure of Accumulation Framework (SSAF) and the Regulation Approach (RA). A considerable convergence of the two approaches can be identified, especially in those works that maintain a commitment to foundational Marxian as well as Keynesian concepts. While European Union structures operate at a somewhat novel supra-national level, both the RA and the SSAF have developed in the context of analyzing specifically national economies. Thus both schools face a challenge in understanding the EU. Recent work within the SSAF that discusses accumulation at scales different from the national is reviewed including the 'spatialization school'. In addition, two perspectives from international political economy (IPE), specifically the new medievalism and Gramscian IPE are found to be helpful in approaching the globalization of economic governance of which the emerging EU structures are an example.


which does not evoke the expected baroreceptormediated compensatory rise in cardiac output and heart rate (Stokes & Oates, 1978). All /B-adrenoceptor antagonists, including those with relative cardioselectivity compared with propranolol, have the potential to precipitate airflow obstruction in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis (Kumana & Marlin, 1978). An anti-hypertensive drug which possesses bronchodilator activity would provide an important therapeutic advantage for the management of hypertension in patients with airflow obstruction. This work provides pharmacodynamic support for the use of prazosin as anti-hypertensive treatment in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive bronchitis. We are grateful to Professor A.J. Smith and Dr P. Merrick, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Australia, for provision of facilities for the prazosin assays. We thank Astra Pharmaceuticals, I.C. I. and Pfizer Pty Ltd for supply of drugs.


The elastoplastic 3D dynamic finite difference model was established by using FLAC3D numerical software.By fully considering the inter-effect of the lining,the stratum and the ground,the influence of burial depth of tunnel on correlative dynamic response induced by metro operation was numerically simulated.The results show that,burial depth of tunnel induces significant influence on dynamic response of the lining,the stratum and the ground.The shallower the burial depth is,the severer the dynamic response is,and vice versa.For the lining-ring,different burial depth mainly results in different whole displacement response.For the stratum,the burial depth affects not only the intensity of dynamic response but also the range of affected region.It is a good way to reduce the noise and vibration on the ground by augmenting the burial depth of tunnel.The simulation results are conformed favorably with the site test.


In this paper, mechanisms of centrifugal barrel finishing process are analyzed, and the forces acting on particles and the particles' acceleration in the barrel are also studied. From actual practice and production, the effective factors of processing quality and corresponding solution methods are briefly introduced.


A method of automatic compilation of cash flow table is given to make up the insufficiency in the current accounting software. By making use of record list in the accounting system amid the accounting in the credential bank, identification codes are affixed to the flow table to realize automatic compilation flow. This method possesses the advantages such as simple in design, easy in operation and so on.


Part 1 of this two-part consideration of profi ciency gains in a two-year(短期大学英語科) , centrally- managed English language program reported the results of four measures of language change, namely the scores of the Geneva-based CEEL(Center for the Experimentation and Evaluation of Language Learning Techniques)test battery, which looks at Listening Comprehension(Channel Capacity) , spoken Fluency, Correctness, and Expression. Part 2 presents data from six measures of the ETS battery, namely the three components(Listening, Reading, and Total) , respectively, of the TOEIC ® examinations. These data are presented in the hope that comprehensive data from other programs will be forthcoming to provide benchmarks for investigation of whatworksin language learning, especially in cases where the nature of the program has more to do with the outcome than the self-fulfi lling induction of already success-oriented students.


During the last few years, a lot of research has been done to create voting protocols and election systems that facilitate voting via private computer networks, the Internet or remote mobile terminals. The interest in e-voting on one hand is founded in problems such as violence, intimidation, ballot stuffing, underage and multiple voting, complicity of security agencies, absence or late arrival of election materials etc which often characterise conventional voting systems. On the other hand, it is based upon interest and attention devoted to e-government, e-democracy, e-governance, etc. In this paper, a critical appraisal of e-voting variants; the benefits and risks associated with the various electronic voting methods and electronic voting systems were presented and exhaustively discussed.


Background: The liver is the major organ in the body and it is considered as an important organ for protein manufacture and detoxification. Liver health is evaluated by study liver function (LFTs) which include TSB, AST, ALT and ALK. The current study is an attempt to understand the correlation between morbid obesity and liver function enzymes. Method: The research population consisted of 67 subjects that divided into two groups; morbidly obese group (41) and the control group (healthy appearance subjects) (26). The levels of serum liver enzymes activities (ALT, AST, ALK) and TSB were determined by suitable kits. Result: In current study no statistically significant differences were observed in AST, ALT and ALK levels between the two types of procedures. The highest differences were noted for TSB levels between obese and individual healthy. While there was an association between the BMI and both AST and ALT; there was no relationship between the body mass index BMI and TSB and ALK. Conclusion: This study showed a correlation between the BMI with AST and ALT of morbidly obese.


This manual presents computer programs FLAPS for characterizing and predicting fatigue and creep-fatigue resistance of metallic materials in the high-temperature, long-life regime for isothermal and nonisothermal fatigue. The programs use the Total Strain version of Strainrange Partitioning (TS-SRP), and several other life prediction methods described in this manual. The user should be thoroughly familiar with the TS-SRP and these life prediction methods before attempting to use any of these programs. Improper understanding can lead to incorrect use of the method and erroneous life predictions. An extensive database has also been developed in a parallel effort. The database is probably the largest source of high-temperature, creep-fatigue test data available in the public domain and can be used with other life-prediction methods as well. This users' manual, software, and database are all in the public domain and can be obtained by contacting the author. The Compact Disk (CD) accompanying this manual contains an executable file for the FLAPS program, two datasets required for the example problems in the manual, and the creep-fatigue data in a format compatible with these programs.


The topic for this session indicates that we are dealing with the matter of issues in setting effective target prices. From examining the titles of the various papers to be presented, one would get the impression that the cost of production is important in setting target prices. This raises several questions that I would like to address. Is cost of production a good basis for setting target prices? If it is considered appropriate that they be used to set target prices, then what costs should be covered by target prices? How should these production costs be estimated?


theRe ARe A nuMBeR of oRgAnisAtions, eDucAtionAL institutions, private individuals and charities in Jamaica that are actively involved in contributing to social change and sustainable development without using the language of sustainbale development, or even recognising that their activities could be classed as education for sustainable development. is research, in looking at the perceptions of implementers, will look at the terms that they use to describe themselves and their roles. McCall1 for example, looks at the role of language and how this can impact the perceived success of a change programme. In looking at change and sustainable development programmes it is crucial that we look at the definitions and, where relevant, illustrate the cultural context. ere are a number of different definitions for sustainable development, and while many of the terms are updated and edited, the essence remains the same. e Brudtland Report definition is probably the most utilised and widely accepted definition in the field as it covers the many elements that make up this subject. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is defined therein as: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs".2


Arithmomania is the clinical description of a mental disorder causing people to engage in obsessive-compulsive counting. During presentations, some people feels the urge to verify row and column sums in data tables. Instead of pointing out that due to rounding one should not expect sums to always add up, numbers are often tweaked (i.e., faked) to give them the appearance of being correct. This is a questionable strategy for several reasons. Including a Sudoko in the presentation to please people with arithmomaniacal tendencies may be the better solution.


Personal weblogs focus primarily on the personal and the intimate. Studies on personal blogs have taken the form of studies on online journals or diary blogs. In the context of the question, 'for whom do you blog?' the popular refrain is 'I blog for me'(1). This statement is statistically backed by the findings of Lenhart and Fox (2) wherein 52% of US bloggers said that they blog mostly for themselves, not for an audience and only 32% said that they blog mostly for their audience. This is not true of the Indian blogosphere. This paper examines the blogs of Indian personal bloggers writing in English and finds that the posts are varied in nature and bloggers do not exclusively blog for themselves. The posts do not focus only upon the inner state of the blogger's mind nor do they minutely catalogue the daily life of the blogger. It was found that these bloggers engaged in gaining feedback from blog readers, and empathizing and socializing with fellow bloggers. This paper looks at the conversational element and empathy that is generated in the Indian blogosphere. The comments are the generators of active conversation and enliven the process of blogging. The paper comes to a conclusion that readers play a pivotal role in keeping the blog post 'alive' with 'real' interaction; thereby turning the blog into an 'adda' - a popular word used in Hindi to mean a place where people gather for light conversation.


Just as corporations manage the media, large companies, such as Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, and Microsoft, dominate the internet. How can we liberate the digital territory? With this in mind, ...


This treatment tool handle comprises: a handle main body that is held by an operator; a first operation input body that is provided to the handle main body and that is rotatable in a first direction and a second direction with respect to the handle main body; an interlocking body that is provided so as to be rotatable in a third direction and a fourth direction with respect to the first operation input body, moves as an operation is input to the first operation input body, rotates in an appropriate direction, of the third direction and the fourth direction, when the first operation input body is rotated in the first direction, and restrains the first operation input body from rotating in the second direction when engaged with the handle main body; and a second operation input body that is rotatable in a fifth direction and a sixth direction with respect to the handle main body, and to which an operation is input such that the engagement of the interlocking body with the handle main body is released when rotated in the fifth direction.


We present the clustering of Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) galaxies at 0.7 < z < 1.4 around quasars identified using both the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and DEEP2 surveys. We measure the two-point cross-correlation of a sample of 36 optically selected, spectroscopically identified quasars from the SDSS and 16 more found in the DEEP2 survey with the full DEEP2 galaxy sample over scales 0.1 h-1 Mpc < rp < 10 h-1 Mpc. The clustering amplitude is found to be similar to the autocorrelation function of DEEP2 galaxies, with a relative bias of b = 0.89 ± 0.24 between quasars and DEEP2 galaxies at z ~ 1. No significant dependence is found on scale, quasar luminosity, or redshift over the ranges we probe here. The clustering amplitude errors are comparable to those from significantly larger quasar samples, such as the 2dF (Two Degree Field) QSO Redshift Survey. This results from the statistical power of cross-correlation techniques, which exploit the fact that galaxies are much more numerous than quasars. We also measure the local environments of quasars using the third-nearest-neighbor surface density of surrounding DEEP2 galaxies. Quasars are found in regions of similar mean overdensity to blue DEEP2 galaxies; they differ in environment from the red DEEP2 galaxy population at 2 σ significance. Our results imply that quasars do not reside in particularly massive dark matter halos at these redshifts, with a mean dark matter halo mass of M200 ~ 3 × 1012 M☉ in a concordance ΛCDM cosmology.


Objective:To establish a new quantitative assay for Tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity (PCA) and investigate the PCA of TF in monocyte from patients with gastrointestinal tumor.Method:PPSB and synthetic chromogenic substrate assay was used.Result:The method is very simple,sensitive,with good linearity and applicable to quantification of TF activity.The high TF PCA level was found in gastrointestinal tumor and was proportional to malignancy grade.Conclusion:TF PCA value can be a useful tool for evaluating malignancy grade.