This article criticizes the negative impact of productivism on disabled people of working age in the postsocialist region of Central and Eastern Europe. Productivism is conceptualized as a mechanism that generates cultural and material invalidation of those considered to be unable to work. The analysis begins by outlining some political-economic features of state socialism that underpinned its productivism, emphasizing commodification of labor. It proceeds by discussing the ensuing approach to social policy, comparing it with two alternative models. Afterwards, it highlights several ways in which productivism shaped disability policy in the countries of the former Eastern Bloc. Finally, the analysis looks at present-day disability policy in the postsocialist region. It is argued that after 1989, the state-based productivism of the socialist regime was partially complemented and partially displaced by the market-based productivism of the new neoliberal regime. The conclusion discusses strategies for resisting productivism, focusing specifically on decommodification of labor.


A total of 184 samples of fish meal were assayed for proximate composition, pepsin digestibility, salt, acid insoluble ash and chromium. The samples were categorized into four groups A, B, C and D on the basis of their crude protein contents which ranged from 55-60, 50-55, 45-50 and 40-45% for four groups, respectively. Group A contained 12.50% samples, 46.20% samples were in group B, 29.89% in group C and 11.41% were in group D. The results showed a variation in nutrient composition among samples. An inverse relationship was observed between fat, ash, pepsin digestibility, chromium and crude protein contents of fish meal. All the samples were adulterated with slightly higher levels of sand and salt than recommended.


The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Small Explorer (SMEX) spacecraft is a generic bus designed for a wide variety of orbits and scientific missions. The Spacecraft can be either spin stabilized or 3-axis stabilized. The selected power system is a generic power system intended to support the requirements of various missions. The spacecraft is basically single string with numerous features incorporated in the power system design to minimize single point failures. The power system design emphasizes low weight, volume and power consumption.


The article examines the work of Arseniy Grek, a corrector of the Moscow Printing Yard (Pechatniy dvor), on the translation of interpretations to the poetic sententiae by Gregory the Theologian; these verses and comments to them were published in 1660 as part of the Moscow collection Anthologion. These scholias are written on the margins of the manuscript to the poems of Gregory the Theologian do not find analogues among the known interpretations. A comparative analysis of the translations of verses and commentaries allowed us to draw a conclusion about the creative approach of Arseniy Grek. The article describes the principles of processing by Arseniy Grek of the source text and the main stylistic and linguistic features of his translation. This is the dissemination of the text by Christian exegesis and biblical quotations and reminiscences, the introduction of new semantic nuances, the use of vocabulary borrowed from Church Slavonic translations, a deviation from the syntactic constructions of the modern Greek source. It is concluded that the technique of translating Gregory the Theologian's poems and interpretations to them depends not only on the translator's knowledge of the source language, but also on the literary form (poetry and prose) and on the authority of the original. The texts of modern Grek interpretations and their arrangements by Arseniy Grek are published in the Appendix.


A Transition Edge Sensor (TES) composite bolometer for Fourier Transform spectroscopy was developed. The design is based on a superconducting thermistor, SiN membrane technology and a thin film metal mesh absorber which is optimized for the spectral range from 0.1 THz to 3 THz. A prototype was built; its characterization and first application results are presented.


The work presents the strut attachment unit study of the bridge barrier road rack to the reinforced concrete slab (strength class of concrete B35) using adhesive (chemical) compositions and anchor-studs under the dynamic load. Bench static tests results and virtual experiment results based on study of digital models presented. The required depth of anchor-stud deepening determined.


According to the reputation enhancement theory, social bonds influence adolescents' delinquent activity indirectly through the reputations they select. Findings from the current study of a school-based sample of female adolescents indicate that bonds to parents affect reputation enhancement beliefs, which, in turn, predict delinquent activity. Furthermore, mother-daughter bonds appear to moderate the relation between reputation enhancement and delinquency, where under the condition of weak bonds to mother, the relation between reputation and delinquency is the strongest.


This text is a result of our researches about the approaches and conceptions of territory in the Brazilian Geography. We are studying titles of authors as Milton Santos, Antonio Carlos Roberto Moraes and Manuel Correia de Andrade. On this context, we have described some Manuel Correia de Andrade`s Titles that we have considered important, out standing his conception on the core of the movement of recent renew of geographic science happened in Brazil, France and other countries


A highly efficient, one-sided PCB layout design provides the self-extinction of magnetic fields and reduced parasitic inductance regardless of the thickness of the circuit board. The power loop with a small cross section extends through both active and passive components on the uppermost layer of the printed circuit board with plated-through holes connecting the output loop to a flux return path in an inner layer of the PCB. The magnetic effect of the part of the power loop in the top layer is reduced by the flux return path of the inner layer is disposed directly under the power loop path on the top layer.


The agent-based model is stylized and relatively simple, this is not necessarily a weakness, but on the modelling side the contribution of the paper appears to be rather limited to the design of labor market which is characterized by the key feature of labor contract duration. On the other hand, results are interesting, statistically sound and presented in a clear way. I have particularly appreciated the application of the global sensitivity analysis technique and the ensuing quite detailed discussion of main findings of computational experiments about inequality. On this side, the paper surely would deserve publication provided that two major shortcomings and some minor issues are addressed:


The influence of a human insulin‐like growth factor binding protein, hIGFBP‐1, on the action of IGFs on human osteosarcoma cells was examined. hIGFBP‐1 was found to block binding of IGFs to their receptors on MG‐63 cells and subsequent IGF stimulation of DNA synthesis. Concurrent incubation of hIGFBP‐1 with either 125I‐IGF‐I or 125I‐IGF‐II prevented the binding of both 125I‐IGFs to cells in a dose‐dependent manner. hIGFBP‐1 inhibition of IGF binding occurred similarly under both 4° and 37°C conditions. Additionally, hIGFBP‐1 facilitated the dissociation of IGFs bound to cells. The inhibitory effect of hIGFBP‐1 on IGF‐1 mediated 3H‐thymidine incorporation into DNA was dose dependent. hIGFBP‐1 did not inhibit binding to or stimulation of growth in MG‐63 cells by des3‐IGF‐I, an IGF‐I analog with a 100‐fold less affinity for hIGFBP‐I. This confirmed that hIGFBP‐1 competed for IGF receptor binding sites on MG‐63. Since hIGFBP‐1 did not bind to cells, inhibition of IGF action was indirect, presumably through the formation of extracellular soluble bioinactive IGF‐BP complexes.


Positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established medical imaging technique. It is based on the detection of pairs of annihilation gamma rays from a beta+-emitting radionuclide, usually inoculated in the body via a biologically active molecule. Apart from its wide-spread use for clinical diagnosis, new applications are proposed. This includes notably the usage of PET for treatment monitoring of radiation therapy with protons and ions. PET is currently the only available technique for non-invasive monitoring of ion beam dose delivery, which was tested in several clinical pilot studies. For hadron-therapy, the distribution of positron emitters, produced by the ion beam, can be analyzed to verify the correct treatment delivery.The adaptation of previous PET scanners to new environments and the necessity of more precise diagnostics by better image quality triggered the development of new PET scanner designs. The use of Monte Carlo (MC) codes is essential in the early stages of the scanner design to simulate the transport of particles and nuclear interactions from therapeutic ion beams or radioisotopes and to predict radiation fields in tissues and radiation emerging from the patient. In particular, range verification using PET is based on the comparison of detected and simulated activity distributions. The accuracy of the MC code for the relevant physics processes is obviously essential for such applications. In this work we present new developments of the physics models with importance for PET monitoring and integrated tools for PET scanner simulations for FLUKA, a fully-integrated MC particle-transport code, which is widely used for an extended range of applications (accelerator shielding, detector and target design, calorimetry, activation, dosimetry, medical physics, radiobiology, . . . ). The developed tools include a PET scanner geometry builder and a dedicated scoring routine for coincident event determination. The geometry builder allows the efficient construction of PET scanners with nearly arbitrary parameters. The scoring output can be saved in standard output formats, including list mode and binary sinogram, which facilitates the processing of the data with external reconstruction algorithms. We also present recent developments of Flair, the GUI for FLUKA, which allow to read DICOM files and convert them into FLUKA voxel geometry in a convenient way.


Power transmission is generally carried out using transmission poles of various materials and cross sections. However, their utilization depends on climatic conditions and external loads acting on them. For an electric overhead system, the supports for the conductor and equipment must withstand the forces imposed on them, while the conductors themselves must be sufficiently strong enough to support their own weight and the forces imposed on them. The forces comprise of wind pressure and tension in conductors. This paper presents the various researches conducted on the various aspects of utility poles in which their strength and service life are estimated; and the suggestions in methodologies for the assessment of various properties of utility poles.


Abstract : The report describes a synchronous jet engine with a stator made in the form of a toroidal packet with teeth on its internal surface. The stator also carries a distributed winding, while the engine's toothed rotor carries no winding. To lower the engine weight and to increase its efficiency, teeth are also produced on the outer surface of the packet, while the rotor consists of two active units mounted concentrically on the opposite sides of the stator. (Author)


In (1) we showed that a subgroup closed Fitting formation is a primitive saturated formation, and in (2) we showed that a subgroup closed and metanilpotent Fitting class is a formation. Whether or not a subgroup closed Fitting class is always a formation is a question that has plagued us ever since. The purpose of this paper is to prove


In order to determine the relationship between renal gluconeo- genesis and calcium status of the body, the effects of low levels of dietary calcium and magnesium on growth rate, food intake, serum and renal calcium concen trations and activities of hepatic and renal glucose-6-phosphatase (GGPase) of rats were investigated under the conditions of feeding a high protein or a high carbohydrate diet. Calcium depletion caused significant decreases in the growth rate and food intake of rats fed the high protein diet, while in rats fed the high carbohydrateâ€"low calcium diet no significant changes were observed. Feeding the low magnesium diets caused marked decreases both in the growth rate and food intake of rats compared with those of corresponding control dietary groups. The activity of renal G6Pase was increased remarkably by feeding the low cal cium diets, while the hepatic activity of the enzyme did not show any significant change in either of these dietary groups. The stimulative effects of both high dietary protein and low dietary calcium on the activity of renal GSPase were additive. On the other hand, magnesium depletion produced lower activities of renal GBPase than those of rats fed the corresponding control diets on a gram wet weight basis. Levels of serum calcium tended to decrease in groups fed the low calcium diets, while those of groups fed the low magnesium diets tended to increase compared with those of corresponding control dietary groups. Higher susceptibility of rats fed the high protein diet to calcium depletion compared with rats fed the high carbohydrate diet led to the consideration that the effect of the high protein diet on the activity of renal G6Pase might be related to changes in calcium status of the body. J. Nutr. 102: 1615-1622, 1972.


This paper is devoted to creation of novel CMOS APS imagers with focal plane parallel image preprocessing for smart technical vision and electro-optical systems based on neural implementation. Using analysis of main biological vision features, the desired artificial vision characteristics are defined. Image processing tasks can be implemented by smart focal plane preprocessing CMOS imagers with neural networks are determined. Eventual results are important for medicine, aerospace ecological monitoring, complexity, and ways for CMOS APS neural nets implementation. To reduce real image preprocessing time special methods based on edge detection and neighbored frame subtraction will be considered and simulated. To select optimal methods and mathematical operators for edge detection various medical, technical and aerospace images will be tested. The important research direction will be devoted to analogue implementation of main preprocessing operations (addition, subtraction, neighbored frame subtraction, module, and edge detection of pixel signals) in focal plane of CMOS APS imagers. We present the following results: the algorithm of edge detection for analog realization, and patented focal plane circuits for analog image reprocessing (edge detection and motion detection).


In 1883, Jules Laforgue described his literary expression as clownesque. While this characterization generally suggests the figure of Pierrot to those familiar with the poet's Les Complaintes (1885) and L'Imitation de Notre-Dame la Lune (1886), it is clear from his Moralités légendaires (1887) that his poetics had evolved to embrace the circus performer (clown or acrobat) as a figure whose existential identity is ambiguously double, and to adapt the circus ring as a semantic space in which such impossible incompatibilities can emerge and be sustained. Most of the collection's nouvelles possess a few carefully chosen and placed circus-related words that signal moments of existential limbo in which the tales' characters become both themselves and their opposite. As with his mots-valise, whose individual components retain their distinctiveness, Laforgue creates characters whose dual natures establish textual space as that other arena in which the ontologically impossible paradoxically occurs.


Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions in Nanhedi of Jia County,Yulin,Shaanxi,a numerical model was developed to simulate the allowable yield of seepage well in the exploitation conditions.The paper work out the allowable water-supply: in median water period,the allowable water-supply is 72300 m3/d;and in the dry period,the allowable water-supply is 47600 m3/d.When seepage wells are used to exploit water resources the inter-well interference is relatively small.Through the analysis of the simulation results of three different water-supplying projects(seepage well,galleries and large-diameter well),a conclusion was made that the seepage well had many advantages compared to large-diameter wells or galleries in the study area,such as the lager reasonable yield,the higher assuring rate and the much less influence on local hydrogeological conditions.


Non government Organization as a third form of social organization beside government and enterprises, are playing an ever greater role in the activities of human society. The concept of Non government Organizations was initially used by the United Nations, are it has been strictly defined. In resent years, Non government Organizations have also developed in China, and played a significant role in some areas where social problems exist. With the development of public administration, NGOs will enjoy broader space for development. As a contry of high status and a county assuming great internationed responsibilitime, China's NCrOs should play a commen surate role in international offairs.


We analyze the NERA model (N: Nonuser, E: Experimental Users, R: Recreational Users, A: Addicts), which describes the illicit drug usage dynamics in a population consisting of both drug users and nonusers. The model considers three categories of drug users: the experimental (E) category, the recreational (R) category and the addict(A) category. We prove the uniqueness and positivity of the solution to the model in time. We extend the model by taking into account the unpredictability of person-to-person contacts and consider individuals susceptible to experience an illicit drug being subjected to a continuous spectrum of random factors. Based on the existence of such a randomness in the movement from nonuser to experimental users, we modify the model to set up a stochastic one. The latter model is also analyzed in the current work. We verify and validate our results by using the data available in Hanley (2013), on the prevalence of marijuana in the population of 21+ in the states of Colorado and Washington. We simulate the evolution of the above mentioned categories of drug users within those two states from 2002, beyond the implementation of I–502 and until 2040. Our results show that the model can used as a policy decision mechanism in the problematic of illicit drug consumption by monitoring the respond of the different categories of drug users when subject to drug control interventions.


For the 1948 Royal Society Conference, J.D. Bernal submitted a paper which proposed a provisional scheme for the central distribution of scientific papers. This provoked such a hostile and extreme reaction from both the learned society publishers and the national press that the paper was withdrawn in advance of the conference. It is extant in its Proceedings. This paper outlines the nature of the proposals, together with some contemporary reactions. Bernal's scheme certainly implied a revolutionary transformation of the status quo. However, his well‐known political beliefs probably played as instrumental a part in their rejection as the nature of the proposals themselves.


Aim: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignancy of the esophagus that is characterized by its high invasiveness and mortality. Nestin is a member of the class VI family of intermediate filament proteins and we previously demonstrated that the majority of tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer samples are nestin-positive and showed that nestin expression was positively correlated with the subset of lung cancer patients displaying poor outcomes and high levels of proliferative markers. However, the precise mechanisms of nestin action in the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC require further elucidation.


The aim of this prospective study was to describe and to assess the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of fractures in adults. We compared ultrasonographic examinations of 51 adults with 51 contusions and fractures with the subsequent radiological and physical examination findings. We found good correlation for fractures of the long bones of the upper and lower extremities. Ultrasound was most reliable for the diagnosis of diaphy-seal fractures of the long bones. It was less accurate for compound injuries and fractures adjacent to joints. The use of US for the diagnosis of fractures is gaining more and more interest. If US evaluation is targeted and combined with an orthopedic examination of the pathological area,


Crosstalk reduction by designing the mask pattern in the tilted waveguide respect to [011] direction on InP substrate is investigated and great reduction of crosstalk was achieved.


Joint gaze—the shared gaze by the individuals toward a common object/point of interest— offers important non-verbal cues that allow interlocutors to establish common ground in communication between collocated humans. Joint gaze is related to but distinct from mutual gaze—the gaze by the interlocutors towards each other such as during eye contact, which is also a critical communication cue. We conducted a user study to compare real human perceptions of a virtual human (VH) with their expectancy of the VH's gaze behavior. Each participant experienced and evaluated two conditions: (i) VH with mutual gaze only and (ii) VH with mutual and joint gaze. We found evidence of positive responses when the VH exhibited joint gaze, and preliminary evidence supporting the effect of expectancy violation, i.e., more positive perceptions when participants were presented with VH's gaze capabilities that exceeded what was expected.


The relationship between truth and politics in Slavoj Žižek's political philosophy is a problematic relationship, particularly in post-modern discourse and global liberal order, because in the context of this discourse, the relative truth has a direct impact on politics as a subordinate filed leading to the fragmentation of the society.
    Žižek believes that within the dominant system and its ideology, which finds itself in consumer capitalism, there are always possibilities of resistance, especially as he defines politics as a manifestation of class struggle in its economic dimension. The perpetrator of this struggle appears as a historical subject and manifests in the form of deprived and excluded groups, or marginalization of society. This will become an empty hole or group that the system does not embrace or include.
    In return, this will remain as a permanent crack or hole in the system and will not allow the system to be completely closed or reach absolute integration. In addition, this will remain as a possibility of revolution and protest and become a dynamic element in a dialectic relationship that moves politics at its radical level.
    This article is divided into two parts. In the first part, the article talks about the politics of truth and events, universal truth, representation, event and change, and holes in the system. The second part of the article is dedicated to analyzing the concept of antagonism and highlighting the tensions between anthos, demos, polis and politics. Then, the article refers to class struggle as the core of politics by Žižek, and focuses on the concept of revolution and the role of historical subject in the process of change.


The present investigation entitled "Influence of organic nutrients on black pepper cuttings ( Piper nigrum L.)" was undertaken at College of Horticulture, DBSKKV, and Dapoli (M.S


We would like to discuss the development of the notion of the median, which is widely used for impulsivenoise filtering. This notion introduces an important criterion for impulse detection in its local window (we will call the image values taken from the filtering window and sorted in ascending order as a variational set). Normally, the removal of impulses in an image by replacing their value by the median would be considered a very bad idea, because it is a destructive measure. But the median filter is based on the idea that the impulse will always lie on one of the ends of the variational set. This gives an excellent criterion for impulse detection, which can be done a priori to any filtering. To be more specific, the only thing needed is to check the observed pixel value, to see if it lies close to one of the ends of variational set taken from the pixel's local window. The closer it is to one of the ends, the higher the chance that it contains an impulse that has to be eliminated. Depending on the distance, a different number of pixels will be filtered: but this is still much better than filtering of all the pixels. This simple impulse detector can be used not just in impulse noise filters, but also other filters so that impulses will not affect the result. The simplest example of such filter is probably the a-trimmed mean filter. Back to the main subject: a few interesting points have been raised. The first is the detection the impulses in spatial domain, performed by checking the distance from the ends of the variational set. However, if we look at it from the opposite point of view, this is the same as checking the distance from the median. It turns out that by applying an exponential function to the difference between the observed pixel value and the median leads to even stronger impulse detection. This method can effectively detect impulsive noise on the image with a corruption rate of 10% (see Figure 1). Here, we compare the exponent of difference to some threshold: if it's higher we say that pixel is corrupted. The steepness of the exponent can be modified to adjust the sensitivity to threshold. Now let us jump to the frequency domain or, more precisely, the Fourier spectrum's amplitude domain. It is well known that periodic and quasi-periodic noise is represented by peaks in the Fourier spectrum. This suggests the idea of using the median for removal of these peaks. Here, the coefficient of interest is not checked for its distance from the ends of variational set (which is built of spectral coefficients around the analyzed coefficient), nor for distance from the median. Instead, the ratio of the coefficientof-interest to the median is calculated. This ratio is compared to the threshold and, if it's larger then the coefficient, it is considered to be a peak and eliminated. This is the idea behind the spectral peak detector. From here, ideas for two peak eliminators are suggested. The first involves the replacement of the spectral coefficient by the median, just as in the usual median filter, flattening the peak and the whole surface around it. The second approach requires more explanation. The periodic distortions in the spectrum rarely take the form of a single impulse: they usually look like a steep hill. Using the median to replace the peak will smooth this hill somewhat, but not eliminate it. These hills look very similar to a two-dimensional Gaussian surface, which suggests the idea of taking this surface (its values must vary from 0 to 1), inverting it by subtracting it from 1 and multiplying the spectral hill by this surface. This way the hill will be completely removed and, a possible drawback of this method, the peak will be set to 0. Of course, a scaling coefficient can be introduced so the peak will not be set to 0 but just reduced by some amount. Also, the steepness of the Gaussian surface can be modified to better filter noise. Consequently, these approaches work well for different scenarios: median is good when the periodic structure introduces singular peaks, or peaks with a few smaller peaks around it. The surface method is best when the periodic structure introduces wide hills (see Figure 2). Of course, it should be noted that the surface could be compressed such that it will just replace the peak (one coefficient) with 0 and leave the vicinity intact. But, for this scenario, the median technique is preferred. The third and final modification to the surface technique is to adapt it to each filtering window such that, after filtering the peak, it will become equal to the median instead of 0. This necessitates the scaling of the surface.


Ontology mediation is one of the key research topics for the acomplishment of the semantic web. Different tasks can be distinguished under this generic term: instance transformation, query rewriting, instance unification, ontology merging or mapping creation. All first four tasks require a mapping specification between the ontologies to be mediated. Mapping creation using tools and algorithms is outputting such a specification. We argue in this thesis proposal that a specific language to express mapping specifications is needed. This proposal presents arguments why such a language is needed, introducing particularly the concept of mapping patterns, based on a study of the frequent mismatches arising when trying to mediate between ontologies. Such a language is then proposed and its applicability is demonstrated for three scenarios: a graphical tool for ontology mapping, an output format for ontology matching algorithms and a merging algorithm. We also give first results on the language design, mainly represented by an alignment ontology. 1 Contributions of the proposed thesis With this thesis we expect to achieve the following goals: − Having a language able to model ontology mappings patterns. − Having demonstrated this language is of practical use by using it for concrete mediation tasks. − Providing usable tools around the language (API, patterns library) − Having the mapping language being used as a standard way for representing and exchanging ontology mappings The language referenced in this proposal is already used by two ontology mapping tools: a graphical mapping editor a text editor to edit mapping documents. The mapping language is compatible and extends the ontology alignment format used as part of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative. The Alignment Format allows to express simple mappings while the mapping language is more expressive. A few algorithms are actually able to detect such complex mappings. We developped a merging algorithm[1] able to automatically merge a set of ontology in a network, given one to one mappings between ontologies. As today the language is reaching some maturity given the feedback of the graphical mapping tool implementation and the support of the ontology alignment format. Next steps are given in Section 3. 1 http://oaei.ontologymatching.org


Let K be an algebraic function field in one indeterminate X over a finite field of constants k = IFq of characteristic p. Hence K/k is a congruence function field of transcendence degree one. Suppose that K/k is elliptic or hyperelliptic and that k has characteristic p ~ 2. Then K is a quadratic extension of the rational subfield K. . k(X). In fact there IS a square-free polynomial D c k[X] such that K = KO(~D ), and the integral closure of the polynomial ring k[X~ in K is R = k[X ,<D ]. Suppose moreover, that K/KO is a real quadratic extension, i.e. that the place at infinity pm of K. with respect to X splits in K: pa = plpz. ln analogy to the case of a real quadratic number field, the unit group U of the real quadratic function field K/k is the direct product of the finite cyclic group kx of non-zero constants and an infinite cyclic group <E> generated by the fundamental unit E of K: U = k' x <E> . The absolute value of the normalized additive valuation Vp of E associated with pi, i.e. r =


In this spectroscopic study of infant massive star clusters, we find that continuum emission from ionized gas rivals the stellar luminosity at optical wavelengths. In addition, we find that nebular line emission is significant in many commonly used broadband Hubble Space Telescope (HST) filters including the F814W I-band, the F555W V-band, and the F435W B-band. Two young massive clusters (YMCs) in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 4449 were targeted for follow-up spectroscopic observations after Reines et al. discovered an F814W I-band excess in their photometric study of radio-detected clusters in the galaxy. The spectra were obtained with the Dual Imaging Spectrograph (DIS) on the 3.5 m Apache Point Observatory (APO) telescope and have a spectral range of ∼3800–9800 Å. We supplement these data with HST and Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry of the clusters. By comparing our data to the Starburst99 and GALEV evolutionary synthesis models, we find that nebular continuum emission competes with the stellar light in our observations and that the relative contribution from the nebular continuum is largest in the U- and I-bands, where the Balmer (3646 Å) and Paschen jumps (8207 Å) are located. The spectra also exhibit strong line emission including the [S iii] λλ9069, 9532 lines in the HST F814W I-band. We find that the combination of nebular continuum and line emission can account for the F814W I-band excess previously found by Reines et al. In an effort to provide a benchmark for estimating the impact of ionized gas emission on photometric observations of young massive stellar populations, we compute the relative contributions of the stellar continuum, nebular continuum, and emission lines to the total observed flux of a 3 Myr old cluster through various HST filter/instrument combinations, including filters in the Wide Field Camera 3. We urge caution when comparing observations of YMCs to evolutionary synthesis models since nebular continuum and line emission can have a large impact on magnitudes and colors of young (≲5 Myr) clusters, significantly affecting inferred properties such as ages, masses and extinctions.


The fraction distribution of heavy metals is the key parameter of its environment effects. In this article, form distribution characteristic of soil heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co) and its influencing factors were investigated in Kunshan city of Ji-angsu Province. A totalof 126 soil samples were collected and analyzed. Using BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure, four fractions of soil heavy metals, Weak Acid Soluble fraction, Reducible fraction, Organic Matter fraction and Residual fraction, were extracted in the topsoil (0~20 cm), and its influencing factors were studied by stepwise regression method. The results showed that Cd was dominated mainly by the fraction of Reducible Cd, Pb existed by the fraction of Organic Matter Pb, while Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Co were composed mostly by its Residual fraction. Judging by percentage of the sec- ond-phase fraction in heavy metals, Cd had the highest bioavailability and transfer ability in all heavy metals, follows was Pb, while Co, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr was lower bioavailability. The total concentration of heavy metals were the main effect factor of its form distribution, follows were the organic matter and pH, and FeOx content was the main factor of Residual fraction, clay content was the main factor of Zn fraction distribution, and MnOx content was the main factor of Pb fraction distribution.


TransAsia Airway is one of the four domestic airlines in Taiwan. Taiwan has 13 domestic airports with the longest distance between two airports being about 400 kilometers. The domestic airline market is highly competitive. TransAsia decided to apply e-learning within its organization to reduce training expenses and improve service quality. This study describes the strategy and methodology used by TransAsia when applying e-learning for regular training, and considers the management changes made by TransAsia when reconstructing its organization behavior and learning culture using e-learning. This study also uses the Krikpatrick model to assess the effect of e-learning within a firm. The TransAsia case is used to provide a reference for the future development of the Taiwanese airline industry.


We present a comparative investigation of the pattern integration technique and the two-antenna technique for calibration of standard gain horns; the investigation involves high-accuracy spherical near-field antenna measurements as well as high-accuracy integral equation / method of moments simulations. The experimental results are thus supported by computational results, and the agreement between these demonstrates the high accuracy of both. For the pattern integration technique the computational and experimental directivities are within 0.01 dB. For the two-antenna technique the proximity effect and the mutual reflections are clearly observed, and it is demonstrated that the use of the phase centers separation in Friis' transmission formula significantly reduces the necessary distance between antennas for a required accuracy.


Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) based on deep learning has always been a research hot spot in the field of remote sensing. However, most of the classification models extract relevant features based on fixed-scales convolution kernels, which ignores the complex features of hyperspectral images (HSIs) at different scales and impairs the classification accuracy. To solve this problem, a multiscale densely connected attention network (MSDAN) is proposed for HSIC. First, the model adopts three different scales modules with dense connection to enhance classification performance, strengthen feature reuse, prevent overfitting and gradient disappearance. Besides, in order to reduce the model parameters and strengthen the extraction of spatial–spectral features, the traditional three-dimensional convolution is replaced by three-dimensional spectral convolution block and three-dimensional spatial convolution block. Furthermore, the spectral–spatial–channel attention is embedded into the end of each scale to enhance the favorable features for classification and further extract the discriminant features of the corresponding scale. Finally, the key feature extraction module is developed to extract multiscale fusion features to further enhance the classification performance of the network. The experimental results carried out on real HSIs show that the proposed MSDAN architecture has significant advantages compared with other most advanced methods.


Through the education on the cause of AIDS and major transmiss ion route of AIDS, establish the self-protection awareness among the personnel i n the delivery rooms. How to ensure the occupational safety and set up preventi ve measurements against AIDS in the delivery rooms was discussed.


Abstract The influence of annealing, various thermal histories, and solvent treatments on the crystallinity, glass transition temperature, and shear modulus-temperature behavior has been studied in thin films of normal- and low-temperature-polymerized poly(vinyl chloride). It was found that annealing and solvent treatments could raise the crystallinity index of normal PVC by as much as 20%, while the low temperature PVC films were almost unaffected. Heating for short times (8–10 sec) at high temperatures (400–500ďC) had no significant effect. The glass transition temperature of films of neither resin was influenced by thermal treatments above Tg. A drop in Tg was observed between the first and the subsequent runs in case of low-temperature PVC powder, but wide-angle x-ray diffraction studies indicated that the crystallinity either was unaffected or increased as a result of heat treatment. The shear modulus-temperature curve for low-temperature PVC exhibited a very broad transition, and in case of the anne...


Recently, Yaldram and Khan (YK) (1) have reported results of a Monte Carlo study of the reaction of CO and NO over a singlecrystal catalyst. We have also been carrying out a study of this reaction, using a model identical to one of theirs. While our results (on a hexagonal lattice) are in qualitative agreement with theirs, we find discrepancies in the values of the transition points. For the square lattice, YK found that the system has no reactive steady state; here we provide a proof of this result. The model that we studied corresponds to YK's for the particular case of completely dissociative adsorption of NO (rNO ---1 in their notation). In this limit, the model is very close to that of Ziff et al. (2), the " Z G B " model, except that the 0 2 is replaced by NO, and neighboring N atoms, as well as neighboring CO-O, react. The reactions' steps are


Environmental cleanup became a national public issue at Savannah River Site (SRS) and other Department of Energy (DOE) locations in the 1980s. SRS has responded to this demand by changing the way it relates to the public. This change included open, effective, and regular communications to meet the needs of multiple stakeholders interested in environmental restoration. This paper addresses: (1) how media interest at SRS is met with a visible show of progress over time; (2) how public participation is achieved through a Citizens Advisory Board, conferences and public tours of our work sites; (3) how regulators are kept informed; (4) how legislators and educators are connected to the program; and (5) how environmental restoration (ER) work is shared with the technical community. The presentation that accompanies this paper captures these actions in photos, graphics, news articles, TV clips and video. These communications over time help to build support from and accountability with the public for the cleanup program. We can gain support that further opens communications as we share our progress and successes. This effort gives SRS the momentum to continually apply more efficient and cost effective cleanup technologies.


The deep drawing is one of the most important sheet metal forming processes. In this present work, different methods of analysis, such as, analytical, numerical and experimental have been used to evaluate and to verify the evolution of force related to the punch displacement. Moreover, the maximum deep drawing force can be determined. For the experimental stage, a set of tool rack was constructed, to carry through the cup deep drawing using a 100 mm diameter and 1.78 mm thick IF steel blank. The analytical stage was lead from the different analytical relations suggested by different authors and used to calculate the deep drawing force. The numerical stage was lead using the finite element method of Ls-dyna commercial software. This software was used to verify the shell element influence in the evolution and attainment of deep drawing force. The results of these different methods, analytical and numerical, have been compared to the experimental results, in order to verify the coherence and the applicability of the same ones.


Over the past fifty years nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, commonly referred to as NMR, has become the preeminent technique for structure determination of organic compounds. With developments in both methodology and instrumentation in the past two decades, NMR has become one of the most powerful and versatile spectroscopic techniques for characterization and quantification. An increasing concern with the well being of individuals and life in general has led to initiatives for improvements in medicine and the world environment, and in these areas analytical chemistry has particularly vital roles to play. Where new drugs or materials with potential commercial value are synthesized, a complete chemical characterization may be required involving considerable analytical work. More than any other analytical method the NMR spectroscopy provides information about the chemical structure and the dynamics of organic molecules. NMR spectroscopy is by definition a quantitative spectroscopic tool because the intensity of a resonance line is directly proportional to the number of resonant nuclei (spins). This fact enables accurate and precise determinations of the amount of substance.


The invention relates to a foldable polygonal scissor-like structure with the characteristic of convenient folding. The foldable polygonal scissor-like structure is provided with three groups or more than three groups of non-typical scissor-like assemblies; the adjacent non-typical scissor-like assemblies are connected in series in an end-to-end intersected mode and encircle in a pin joint by second pivot parts to form a polygonal scissor-like structure. Any two adjacent connecting rods in the polygonal scissor-like structure are connected in a pin joint to a same rod surface of a same connecting rod; and when adjacent ends of the two adjacent connecting rods are connected in a cooperative mode, a fixed included angle A is formed. A buckling part is arranged between a first pivot part and a second pivot part of any connecting rod in any group of non-typical scissor-like assemblies; and a segmented opening is formed at the buckling part of the connecting rod. According to the foldable polygonal scissor-like structure, the structure state is changed based on the folding or unfolding movement of the scissor-like structure; and the structure can be used conveniently; and the scissor-like structure application is improved.


During the past decade, the inclusion of microbial phytase in poultry diets has increased remarkably, mainly in response to heightened concerns over phosphorus (P) pollution of the environment. The capacity of this feed enzyme to release phytate-bound P and reduce P excretion is now well documented. Effectively, phytase is an alternative, economical P source and, as global phosphate reserves are not renewable, this is beneficial to their preservation. Alternatively, dietary phytate concentrations may be reduced by the inclusion of selected, low-phytate feedstuffs or dephytinised feed ingredients. There is a distinct possibility that phytate negatively influences protein and energy utilisation in poultry and, as these influences would be ameliorated by phytase. Responses in amino acid digestibilities following phytase supplementation are variable and the underlying mechanisms have not been completely understood. The impact of phytase on protein and energy utilisation may be more positive than generally realized, but this should become increasingly evident if greater phytate degradation rates can be achieved. The practical acceptance of microbial phytase in poultry diets will re-define nutrient requirements, particularly in relation to P and calcium, and increasingly contribute to ecologically sustainable poultry production in the future. This would be facilitated by a more fundamental research focus, which, arguably, has been lacking in the past.


On the basis of the views of G. Guillaume, the author develops a position that the present in the sign systems language is not a one-dimensional form, but is an advanced measurement system. The main dimensions of the present, which embodies the events of the sign activity, are consistency and simultaneity.


A newly recorded gall midge genus, Asynapta Loew, with a species, Asynapta groverae Jiang et Bu(nom. nov. for Asynapta indica(Grover), comb. nov. of Cryptoneurus indica(Grover))is reported from China. The generic and specific characters are described and illustrated in detail. As a new combination, this species is transferred from genus Cryptoneurus and a new specific name is given because the original specific name indica is a junior secondary homonym in Asynapta.


An earthquake of M6.5 occurred in Kumamoto Prefecture at 21:26 on April 14, 2016. Following this earthquake, earthquakes occurred at 00:03 on April 15 (M6.4) and at 01:25 on April 16 (M7.3). We report the analysis of such crustal deformation associated with these earthquakes including their aftershocks using the emergency observed data by ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. There are 13 pairs of data that can be used for InSAR analyses of these earthquakes. One of them is a pair covering foreshocks that occurred on April 14 and 15. There are two pairs covering only the main shock of April 16; three pairs after the main shock; the remaining pair covering both a foreshock and the main shock. In the image of the pair that contains foreshocks, the southwest area from the two epicenters shows crustal deformation up to 12cm away from satellite in the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction, displacement up to 9cm toward the satellite can be seen in the northwest area from the epicenter. The simulation pattern of the interferometry fringe, calculated based on source processes of JMA, indicated relatively smaller dip angle fault of NW-dip. The image of the pair that contains main shock suggests the right-lateral strike-slip fault along the Futagawa fault zone and Hinagu fault zone. Furthermore, more complex phase changes are recognized in the vicinity of the fault zone in the LOS direction. For some of the pair, we also tried analysis of the intensity image and correlation image. As a result, areas that are assumed to have been heavily damage were detected along the Futagawa fault zone. Details of these analyses are reported together in this poster. Some of PALSAR-2 data were prepared by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) via Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) as part of the project 'ALOS-2 Domestic Demonstration on Disaster Management Application' of the SAR analysis of earthquake Working Group. Also, we used some of PALSAR-2 data that are shared within PALSAR Interferometry Consortium to Study our Evolving Land surface (PIXEL). PALSAR-2 data belongs to JAXA. We would like to thank Dr. Ozawa (NIED) for the use of his RINC software. In the process of the InSAR, we used Digital Ellipsoidal Height Model (DEHM) based on 'the digital elevation map 10m-mesh' provided by GSI, and Generic Mapping Tools (P.Wessel and W.H.F.Smith, 1999) to prepare illustrations.


The article describes a new type of Gaussian fields on a two-dimensional 2-adic space, invariant under the translation group and group of scaling transformations (self-similar random fields). Fields are characterized by quadratic characteristic functionals defined by homogeneous generalized functions on a 2-adic space. The properties of the proposed generalized homogeneous functions are investigated and the positive definiteness of the correlation functionals is proved.


This report comprises the complete D5.3.2 deliverable as specified for workpackage WP5.3 in Subpro-ject SP5 of the DELIS (Dynamically Evolving Large-scale Information Systems) Integrated Project 1. The essential goal of the DELIS project is to understand, predict, engineer and control large evolving information systems. The main aim of this workpackage is to understand how algorithms originating within biological and social sciences can be applied to applications in distributed computer systems. Ideas derived from social simulation models can directly inform the design of distributed computer systems. This is particularly the case when systems are " open " , in the sense of having no centralised control, where traditional design approaches struggle. In this survey we indicate the key features of social simulation work that are valuable for distributed systems design. We also discuss the differences between social and biological models in this respect. We give examples of socially inspired systems from the currently active area of peer-to-peer systems and finally we discuss open areas for future research in the area. The survey is written for two displinary audiences, distributed systems designers interested in social inspiration and social simulators interested in potential applications of their work beyond social science. We have therefore not discussed technical details, these can be found in the cited papers 2. 1 This deliverable was specified as a survey paper and as such it is essentially a reproduction of [11] 2 Most papers produced within DELIS are available from the DELIS website as DELIS Technical Reports. Where this is the case references are appended with the DELIS Tech Report number in square brackets. This indicates the paper was produced within the DELIS project, not some other project.


The three tryptophan (trp) residues located at positions 126, 138, and 158 in wild‐type bacteriophage T4 lysozyme have been investigated by low temperature phosphorescence and ODMR spectroscopy. Assignment of spectral properties to individual trp residues was facilitated by measurements on mutant proteins containing one or two trp→tyr (tyrosine) substitutions. It has been observed that (i) the triplet state energies (ET) of the trp residues lie in the order: ET(126)>ET(158)>ET(138) and (ii) S→S nonradiative energy transfer takes place predominantly from trp 126 to trp 158. Calculated orientation factors in Forster's equation using crystal structure data support this result, suggesting a specific direction for the S1←S0 transition moment of trp.


Nowadays, e-mail is kind of cyber media used widely in various fields including academics. The committees of Konferensi Linguistik Universitas Airlangga (KLUA) 2018 use e-mail for sending and receiving messages from the speakers. This article discusses the politeness strategy in e-mails that speakers sent to the committees. The method of attentive observation and comprehensive reading are applied to identify the politeness strategy in approximately 110 emails while data analysis uses the theory and politeness strategy of Brown and Levinson (1987) referring to Mariric's analysis model (2000). The result shows that the speakers use two kinds of politeness strategies: positive and negative. However, in the frequency of use, more speakers tend to use the negative one –indicating formality and deference for the committees. Related to the parameters for weighing politeness, in this term, variable power (P) of the committees influences the selection of politeness strategy used by the presenters of KLUA 2018.


A 9-year-old boy developed ischemic cardiac symptoms 1 year after he presented with Kawasaki disease. The myocardial infarction was confirmed by the typical changes of electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, cardiac enzymes, thallium myocardial scintigrams, and angiograms. With successful intravenous streptokinase therapy, he remained well during the following 4 months.


Virtual machines are assigned to hosts, depending on its current resource usage and not considering their overall utilization. It is one of the main problems in cloud computing that can reduces the system performance. The scheduling is used to schedule tasks for better utilization of resources by allocating certain tasks to particular resources at a particular time. The purpose of scheduling is to select the most excellent and suitable resource available to execute the tasks or to assign computer machines to execute tasks with minimal completion time is but still feasible. An efficient task scheduling algorithm is needed for improve the system performance. In this paper, the focus is on improving the virtual machines scheduling performance for makespan and cost. The proposed process of scheduling includes three main processes. The first process is the Clustering Formation based on the characteristics such as Processor, Memory and Bandwidth. The second process is known as the Hyper Analytical Task Scheduling Algorithm, and based on the scheduled tasks, the Policy-based Profit Maximization Algorithm was proposed in the final process. The performance comparison of the proposed work is analyzed through some empirical results. The result shows that the proposed work significantly reduces the makespan of task scheduling and gives high profit compared with the other scheduling algorithms.


The invention discloses soybean milk containing taro powder. The soybean milk is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-93 parts of soybeans, 6-8 parts of red beans, 6-10 parts of corn kernels, 2-3 parts of taro powder, 3-4 parts of red dates, 1-2 parts of Indian bread, 1-2 parts of cassia twig, 1-2 parts of rehmannia glutinosa (gaertn.) libosch, 1-2 parts of whey powder, 1-2 parts of snake gourd fruit leaves, 1-2 parts of glycerin, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1-0.2 part of sodium citrate, 0.01-0.02 part of vitamin C and a proper amount of water. The soybean milk has the advantages that the soybean milk is converted from a single soybean milk edible to an edible with health care functionality at the same time; the added Indian bread has the functions of excreting dampness, inducing diuresis, strengthening the spleen and stomach and calming hearts and the nerves and can be used for treating such symptoms as dysuria, swelling due to edema, choking cough due to phlegm and retained fluid, vomiting, pernicious vomiting, diarrhea, spermatorrhea, stranguria with turbid discharge, palpitation and forgetfulness; the added rehmannia glutinosa (gaertn.) libosch has the functions of treating diabetes and lumbar pain due to kidney asthenia and the like; and the soybean milk absolutely has the characteristics of engineering functional ingredients, nutrition functional ingredients and prepared food base materials.


This article argues that a movement of domestic workers has developed internationally that through its struggles is promoting elements of a feminist agenda, revalorizing the work of reproduction, forcing a new generation of feminists to again confront the housework question, and in this process generating new forms of subjectivities and new models of gender relations.1


Under catalysis of NaOH or KOH adsorbed on glass wool and by using steam distillation, (20R,S)-4,4,5,14-tetramethyl-18,19-dinor-13,17-seco-5β,8α,9β,10α,14β-cholestane-13,17-dione (1) and 3,14-dioxo-14,15-seco-5α-cholestan-15-al (4) gave good yield (>59%) of the corresponding tricyclic compounds (8a, 8b and 10a) via a retro-Michael reaction at 250 °C. While 5-oxo-4-nor-3,5-secocholestan-3-oic acid (6) and ethyl 5-oxo-4-nor-3,5-secocholestan-3-oate (7) afforded low yield (


The present disclosure includes a handpiece handpiece shaft which can be attached or mounted to the flange, a tool fixture provided on the handpiece or the handpiece shaft, a tool in the axial direction in the tool fixture in order to transmit the torque to the tool is fixed, and tools fixture for selectively receiving a surgical tool that may be rotatably supported within or handpiece shaft is rotatably supported in the handpiece shaft a surgical torque transmission device that includes a. According to the present invention, the tool fixture, inter alia comprises the following components. - at least one entrainment shaft having at least partially formed in a sleeve-like, the tip side torque transfer area and axial locking region for the base end side insertion region as well as tools for the torsion rod, - entrainment is the instrument shaft conditions and preferably movable to a closed sleeve surrounding at rotatable state, the tip end acting axial locking region of the entrainment shaft to lock and release the tool in the axial direction a blocking portion, the tool fixture for transmitting torque and axial force to restrain the torsion rod, and the proximal-side restraining portion which acts on the insertion areas of the entrainment shaft to release the tool fixture torsion rod closure sleeve having a door. .The 11


To investigate their dust properties, we have imaged three sites of massive star formation in the giant H II region/star-forming cloud NGC 6334 with the MIRAC2 instrument. We obtained high-resolution (1'') continuum images at 12.5 and 20.6 μm toward each region, which were compared with observations of the radio and near-infrared (near-IR) continuum emission. Both compact sources and extended emission were found at all three star-forming sites. The detected sources span a wide range of evolutionary states in this highly complex star-forming cloud. The infrared sources near NGC 6334 I were resolved into at least four subsources. One such source is substantially colder, denser, and more optically thick than the other mid-IR sources in the region and may be at the earliest stages of stellar formation. Another may be a torus or disk of dust and gas surrounding an embedded B star. NGC 6334 I was also imaged at additional wavelengths (8.8, 9.8, and 11.7 μm) to search for silicate absorption. Only at the H II region is there a deep silicate absorption feature from foreground dust. Toward the NGC 6334 IV, warm dust is associated with both the inner portions of the massive molecular torus or disk and with the bipolar continuum lobes. A compact mid-IR source, associated with the near-IR and radio source [HHS87] IRS 20, is cooler and more optically thick than the dust emission associated with the H II region. Toward NGC 6334 V, four embedded sources were found, including one previously unidentified object. This newly identified compact object, associated with a dust temperature peak and a radio source, is probably in a more advanced stage of star formation than the other compact mid-IR sources in NGC 6334.


We shall describe episodes of middle school students working on Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) developed within an innovative curriculum. We outline the program and its rationale, analyze the design of the tasks, present extracts from students' activities and speculate about their learning processes. Finally, from our observations, we propose a new construct -learning arena, which is suggested as a curriculum design principle, which may also facilitate research.


The invention relates to the digital television set-top box field, in particular to a method for writing sequence number to the set-top box. The invention provides a method of writing sequence numbers into the set-top box in simple operation and high accurateness. The method includes that the sequence number information and the control information inputted by the user are processed in a computer and are transmitted to the set-top box through a serial interface, the sequence numbers are written into the appointed position in the set-top box when the set-top box receives the control information and the sequence number information and the operation result is simultaneously transmitted to the computer also through the serial interface, and then the corresponding sequence number information is memorized into a database by the computer. The invention has simple operation and high accurateness in use and avoids repeated numbers, thus the method is applicable for writing a large amount of sequence numbers into the set-top box.


Name: Robert Hernandez Department: Leadership, Educational Psychology and Foundations Title: College Latino Students: Cultural Integration, Retention, And Successful Completion Major: Education Administration Degree: Doctor of Education


While the ability to access a small fraction of data records from a large volume of scientific datasets is vital to accelerate scientific discovery, existing parallel file systems face serious challenges in managing scientific big data since data services have traditionally been decoupled from file systems. In this paper, we present IndexIt, an in-situ index and query middleware that aims to enhance record locating services for parallel file systems. When applications are writing data to parallel file systems, IndexIt allows users to index data while they are still in memory and bypass the performance bottleneck between memory and disks. By applying lightweight Bitmap-Range index and organizing the index as key-value pairs, IndexIt accelerates index building efficiently. Moreover, we propose a two-level query processing framework to process query requests. We build a prototype and evaluate its performance with real scientific datasets. Compared with existing data management tools, the index building time can be reduced dramatically. The proposed two-level query processing achieves up to 3 orders of magnitude speed-up than scanning the entire dataset and shows up to 1.35x speed-up than an existing tool.


One woman learned that the best way to improve her Web sites was to involve the people most likely to use them in the design. She walks readers through the steps of participatory design and tells how it differs from user-centered design. She takes as example the web sites about medieval studies.


Certain porous materials or layers hâve been used for filtering substances since the first human tried to strain muddy drinking water. Thin filter média, such as filter cloth, filter screens, or laboratory filter paper, hâve mesh sizes smaller than the particles to be trapped. "En masse" filter beds, such as a thick layer of sand, or a coke bed, porous ceramics, or porous metals operate on the principle that, though the individual pores in the filter média are much larger than the particulates to be removed, the tortuous path ensures that particulates will be trapped by attaching to the médium before they can émerge on the other side of the filter. A third séparation technique uses the thermal motions of molécules through the tangled "maze" of filtration média. Lighter molécules will diffuse through the material faster than heavier molécules; with several such filtration stages, the fraction of lighter molécules can be increased with each pass through the média. Perhaps the most extraordinary use of this filtration technique was for separating uranium isotopes in the 1940s. Doing so required the development of exceptional new membrane materials and extremely high quality-control standards. Natural uranium contains about 99.3% of the isotope with an atomic weight of 238, and 0.7% of the 235 isotope. Séparation of the isotopes was not possible using chernical methods because the uranium chemistry remains the same for both isotopes. The only way to separate them had to be physical. Isotope séparation had already been achieved in 1932 by Gustav Hertz in Germany. Hertz isolated isotopes of néon by cycling the gas through 12 mercury diffusion pumps in a cascade, allowing the néon to diffuse through a stream of mercury vapor. By 1938, this technique had been used to enrich C-13, N-15, and 0-18 ten-to twentyfold. However, the mass différence between isotopes of lighter éléments is about 5%, while for uranium isotopes U-238 and U-235 it is doser to 1%. A différent séparation scheme was required. In the early 1940s, researchers attempted various physical methods, such as electromagnetic séparation using the new cyclotrons at Berkeley and thermal diffusion using a heated tube inside a cooled concentric tube. Thermal diffusion caused the heavier fraction to concentrate at the cooler interface, and the lighter isotope to concentrate at the hotter interface; convection then allowed a greater fraction of the lighter isotope to rise toward the top. The "gaseous diffusion" method using filtration média, however, required the development of a new kind of material with pores so fine that they would preferentially allow one isotope of uranium to pass through more rapidly than another. Since the mean molecular velocity in a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight, a light isotope will diffuse through filtration média slightly faster than a heavier isotope.


The algorithm by which the Kempe chain can be constructed is proposed,the fact that the chromatic number of counterexamples of Heawood is 4 is proved by the Kempe chain method,and the possibility for the reconstruction of frequency covering on civil aviation's airspace based on the Kempe chain model is also discussed.


ABSTRACT As a key metabolite with high medical values in industrial hemp, cannabidiol (CBD) has been paid increasing attention. However, how nutrient supply affects the CBD content and yield of hemp remains unclear. Therefore, an aeroponic experiment with nine treatments (A1~A9) was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of nitrogen (N, at 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mmol L−1), phosphorus (P, at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mmol L−1), and potassium (K, at 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mmol L−1) on the growth, CBD content, and biomass of hemp. Results showed that at A7 (N8P1K5) (N, P, K: 8, 1, 5 mmol L−1) markedly enhanced the dry weight of shoot and inflorescence with an increment of 208.7% and 435.7% respectively; the equivalent number of total CBD content in inflorescence was increased by 41.8%, and the CBD yield was increased by 7.0 times compared with A3 (N4P2K5). Correlation analysis revealed that N was positively related to the CBD yield, while P or K had a negligible effect on CBD yield. In conclusion, nutrient supply would dramatically influence the growth and CBD yield of hemp. Under the experimental conditions, A7 (N8P1K5) is the most suitable choice to cultivate hemp and achieve a higher CBD yield.


In this paper we study some properties of the sequence space χ 3 f (p, q, u) and obtain some inclusion relations.


With the development of bioelectronics, brain-inspired artificial synapses become more and more important. To simulate artificial synapse, a HfAlO ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) was fabricated, which can simulate short-term synaptic plasticity for neuromorphic computing. The devices realize the synaptic function with low power consumption of about 7.15 aJ per synaptic event. Moreover, to explore the effect of oxygen defects on ferroelectric properties of HfAlO-based device, the first-principle analysis was further carried out. These results pave the way of hafnium-based ferroelectric synaptic devices.


Industrial effluents consist many pollutant and heavy metals. Bacteria isolated from industrial west water ground may have potential to tolerate heavy metal. In this study we isolate a Citrobacter sp. which can resist heavy metal like Cu and Pb. Slurry from industrial west water ground was collected from 22.0663 N, 88.1041 E. The heavy metal content and other parameters of soil were estimated. The bacterial strains were isolated by using nutrient agar plate supplemented with 2 mM copper and lead. Among the strains one was selected for further study on the basis of resistivity against Cu and Pb. The bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Extracellular capsules produced by the isolate were precipitated using isopropanol and analysed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isolate can tolerate more than 2.25 mM copper and lead. In this study bacteria were identified as Citrobacter freundii strain NK2. Presence of copper and lead in extracellular capsule were obtained by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Moreover the bacteria also exhibited multi drug resistance to many antibiotics. Isolated bacteria produce biofilms, which have chelating property. The biofilm might be used as bioabsorbent.


The main requirements for life vests (buoyancy, durability, light weight, resistance to sea water and petrochemicals etc.) are met due to the right choice of materials for the outer parts of the articles. The current article presents some findings of the research into the main physical and mechanical properties of materials for outer parts of life vests designed for physically challenged people. On the basis of the research the authors have grounded the selection of materials to meet the requirements of the existing regulatory and technical documentation for the production of textiles of the relevant range.


To evaluate a clinical pathway using daptomycin in patients with bacteremia caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates exhibiting vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) greater than 1 mg/L.


Introduction: Providing effective outpatient care to oncology patients is the goal of all programs. There are two potential models of providing this care, a primary physician model which is the model generally employed by large oncology programs, and a team based model which is the model employed by small oncology programs. Medium sized programs (defined as 50-100 newly diagnosed patients per year), face a challenge as to what the best model of oncology outpatient care is to follow given the number of oncologists providing clinical care. We attempted to develop a hybrid model of team based and primary physician model in order to improve care of patients at our medium sized center. Methods: Prior to making any changes from the longstanding team based model of outpatient care, a patient satisfaction survey was conducted. Multiple meetings were held with the physician group to discuss the current model of care (team based model) and the potential ways to change the model given the complexity of patients and protocols. After much discussion it was decided that all patients would have a dedicated oncologist. There would then be two types of weeks of clinical service in the outpatient clinic. The first type was a "Doc of the Day" week where each oncologist would have a specific day in clinic and their assigned patients would be booked to come to clinic on those days. The second type was a "Doc of the Week" week where one physician would be attending in clinic for the week. There would be a 1:1 ratio of the two types of weeks. During vacations or holidays the week would be designated "Doc of the Week". Results: The patient satisfaction survey done prior to changing the model of care showed that patients were very satisfied with the care they were receiving. A questionnaire to staff 14 months after the change in the model of care showed that the biggest effect was felt to be increased continuity of care to patients, followed by more efficient clinic work flow and increased consistency of care. The responses to what they liked best about the new model of care as members of the health care team, showed that facilitating the planning and delivery of care to patients and having a primary physician assigned to each patient were the most liked, followed by having their patient care questions answered more consistently because they knew which physician to direct the question to and physicians were more aware of their dedicated patients. The patient satisfaction survey post change in model of care showed that patients were still highly satisfied with the care they received. Conclusions: We showed that a model of care with a primary physician for each patient as well as assigned clinic days, alternating with some weeks where one physician covers the outpatient oncology patients for the whole week is a feasible model of care for a medium sized pediatric oncology program. The health care team found this model to be significantly better than a straight team based care model, but in a medium sized program with limited attending physicians, it provided a primary physician model that was felt to be beneficial for patients and other members of the health care team. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper presents a computationally efficient method for quantifying the degree of tonal similarity between two pieces of music. The properties we examine are key frequencies and average time in key, and we propose two metrics, based on the L and L norms, for quantifying similarity using these descriptors. The methods are applied to 711 classical themes and variations over 71 variation sets by 10 composers of different genres. Quantile-quantile plots and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov measure show that the proposed metrics exhibit strongly distinct behaviour when assessing pieces from the same variation set, and those that are not. Comparisons across variation sets by the same composer, and comparisons of pieces by different composers although result in similar distributions, are derived from fundamentally different underlying distributions, according to the K-S measure. We present probabilistic analyses of the two methods based on the distributions derived empirically. When the discrimination threshold is set at 55, the probabilities of Type I and Type II errors are 18.41% and 20.56% respectively for Method 1, and 15.72% and 22.94% respectively for Method 2. Method 1 has a success rate of 99.48% when labeling pieces as dissimilar (not from the same variation set), while the corresponding rate for Method 2 is 99.45%.


The paper outlines a method of making economic comparison as between the use of a cooling tower and a direct-condensing arrangement for a steam station; the method is illustrated by analyzing a specific problem. Remarks on the placing of cooling towers are included, and problems requiring research are mentioned.


For applications as an engineering material, the ability to design properties is of special importance, ie. structuring materials that can be achieved on several levels and in different ways. One of the goals of this research is the development of procedures that would enable the production of silicone polymer nets with improved mechanical, elastic and thermal properties. These materials mainly relate to the dimethylsiloxane structure, which is known for its biocompatibility, in polymeric states. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the presumed mechanism of the siloxane crosslinking reaction. The aim was to further elucidate the mechanism of interaction of silicone materials based on the obtained results of the analysis of mechanical properties of silicone nanocomposites.


.......................................................................................................................... II Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ III Table of contents .......................................................................................................... IV List of figures ................................................................................................................ IX List of tables ................................................................................................................ XV List of abbreviations ................................................................................................. XVI Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The association of oxidative stress and cancer cells ---------------------------------4 1.2 Nucleotide pool sanitization enzymes --------------------------------------------------5 1.3 De novo synthesis, catabolic and salvage pathways in dNTP pools regulation --8 1.4 Oxidation in dATP and dTTP pools ---------------------------------------------------11 1.5 DNA repair mechanisms for oxidatively generated DNA lesions ----------------12 1.5.1 Base excision repair --------------------------------------------------------------13 1.5.2 Nucleotide excision repair and transcription-coupled repair ---------------15 1.5.3 Nucleotide incision repair -------------------------------------------------------15 1.5.4 Mismatch repair -------------------------------------------------------------------16 1.6 Replication stress and DNA damage response ---------------------------------------18 1.6.1 Causes of DNA replicative stress ----------------------------------------------18 1.6.2 Consequences of DNA replication stress --------------------------------------20 1.6.3 DNA damage response -----------------------------------------------------------24 1.6.4 Replication stress relevance to cancer -----------------------------------------28 1.7 NUDT1 and the impact of Nudix hydrolase family enzymes on carcinogenesis 29 1.8 Non-small cell lung cancer and its subtype -------------------------------------------35 1.9 Gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line treatment of NSCLC ----------------------35 1.10 The project aims and objectives ------------------------------------------------------38 Chapter 2: Materials and methods .............................................................................. 40


Introduction: The Endovascular Valve Edge‐to‐Edge REpair STudies (EVEREST) are investigating a percutaneous technique for edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair with a repositionable clip. The effects on the mitral valve gradient (MVG) and mitral valve area (MVA) are not known. Methods: Twenty seven patients with moderate to severe or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed preprocedure, at discharge, and at 1, 6, and 12 months. Mean MVG was measured by Doppler and MVA by planimetry and pressure half‐time, and evaluated in a central core laboratory. Pre‐ and postclip deployment, simultaneous left atrial/pulmonary capillary wedge and left ventricular pressures were obtained in eight patients. Results: Three patients did not receive a clip, six patients had their clip(s) explanted by 6 months (none for mitral stenosis), and four were repaired with two clips. Results are notable for a slight increase in mean MVG by Doppler postclip deployment (1.79 ± 0.89 to 3.31 ± 2.09 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and an expected decrease in MVA by planimetry (6.49 ± 1.61 to 4.46 ± 2.14 cm2, P < 0.001) and by pressure half time (4.35 ± 0.98 to 3.01 ± 1.42 cm2, P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters postclip deployment by direct pressure measurements. There was no change in MVA by planimetry from discharge to 12 months (3.90 ± 1.90 to 3.79 ± 1.54 cm2, P = 0.78). Conclusions: Echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements after percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip show an expected decrease in mitral valve area with no evidence of clinically significant mitral stenosis either immediately after clip deployment or after 12 months of follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Repeated computation of associative functions is central to many asynchronous distributed algorithms reported in the literature. We present efficient distributed algorithms for computing associative functions in spite of undetectable link failures in non-partitioned distributed systems. Two distributed; algorithms are presented for function computation assuming that the distributed system is preprocessed by a one-time preprocessing step that uses O(|E| |V|) messages (where |E| and |V| are the number of links and the number of nodes of the system, respectively). The first algorithm tolerates single link failures using O(|V| log |V|) messages and the second algorithm, which is an extension of the first algorithm, copes with the simultaneous failure of k links using O(k|E| log |V|) messages. Efficient computation of associative functions in the presence of multiple link failures has been an open problem, and our work solves this open problem.


A comparison was made of the fatty acid composition in the liver for various sizes of squid (Illex argentinus).The proportion of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1 n-7, and 18:1 n-9 increased, while that of 18:0, 20:4 n-6, and 22:6 n-3 decreased with increasing liver weight. The proportion of 20:5 n-3 was found to be almost constant for any size of liver.


The geopolitical location in Georgia creates opportunities for maritime cluster development. The functioning of the international transport corridor depends on the ports and maritime transport. The country's strategic location on the 'One Belt One Road' (OBOR) route, positioned along the shortest route between China and Europe. The development of maritime cluster gives Georgia the function of international importanceand provides more opportunities for sustainable development. The purpose of this paper relates to the possibilities of establishing maritime clusters in Georgia. Creating a cluster provides new opportunities for innovative handling of technological operations in port logistics. Creation of a maritime cluster on the basis of the Port of Batumi and the port of Poti, should increase the competitiveness of both the ports and other companies – as a cluster member. There are advantages of creating marine clusters in Georgia, such as it's: geopolitical location, attractive investment environment, regulated transportation infrastructure, vast seaport. The need to find solutions to the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening Georgia's transit function and transformation of the country's ports into a maritime transport cluster will improve the competitiveness of the Georgian economy after the pandemic.


Rural settlements consolidation plays an important role for improving the rural residential habitation, and increasing the intensive land use. This paper aims to analyze the current situation, features and problems of rural settlements, and calculate the theoretical and realistic potential of rural settlements consolidation in Tianchang City, in order to provide references for new round of land use planning. Methods of field survey, hierarchy analysis, land targets per capita, modified coefficient on limited conditions and GIS is employed. The results indicate that: (1) The total area of rural settlements was 15,496.31hm2 in 2005, and the area of rural settlements per capita was 332.66m2, far more than standard of 150m2. (2) The comprehensive modified coefficient in 15 towns is from 0.47 to 0.96, which indicates the ability and possibility of the realization of theoretical potential. (3) The theoretical potential is 9,746.09 hm2 and the realistic potential is 7,124.94hm2 from 2005 to 2020. (4) The spatial distribution between rate of theoretical potential and realistic potential is incompletely consistent.


An indium-incorporated germanium–antimony–telluride material, In20Ge15Sb10Te55 (IGST), was investigated as a recording material for phase change memory. The crystallization temperature of IGST was 226 °C, which is 75 °C higher than that of conventional GST. The reset current of the device using IGST was about 10 mA for a plug 180 nm in diameter, which enabled a low-power operation, compared with the GST-based device. A cycle endurance of up to 1.5×104 was achieved. The data retention was estimated to be 10 years at 145 °C. These data clearly show that IGST exhibits promising characteristics as a recording material for phase change memory.


: In the previous rehabilitation robot research, the proposed ankle models have distinctions with the human ankle bone structure. It leads to the unsatisfactory human-machine compatibility of ankle rehabilitation robots constructed based on the fitting onto the motion of these models. A compact 4-DOF generalized spherical parallel mechanism is proposed based on the motion fitting models U 1 U 2 . In order to prove the feasibility of the mechanism, its motion and constraint characteristics are analyzed based on the screw theory, and its motion consistency with the motion fitting model is discussed. The position and orientation kinematics model of the mechanism were established separately, which proved that the kinematics between the position and orientation is completely decoupled. By analyzing its Jacobian matrix and condition number, it is clarified that the mechanism has kinematic fully-isotropic properties in single direction movement, and has excellent dexterity and manipulability in the ankle working space, and no singularity. It is verified by data comparison that the mechanism has good kinematic characteristics and is suitable for ankle rehabilitation.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate effects of ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor MG-132on apoptosis and survivin expression of esophageal carcinoma cells.METHODS:The esophageal carcinoma cells Eca9706were treated with MG-132,the growth inhibitory rate was determined with MTT assay,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,expression of survivin was detected by immunocytochemical technique.RESULTS:MG-132had obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of gastric carˉcinoma cells,IC 50 of24hrs,48hrs,72hrs and96hrs were120.2,18.1,—12.2,and—16.9μmol/L respectively;Treated with5.0μmol/L MG-132for24hrs,48hrs,72hrs and96hrs,apoptotic rates of cells were(3.1±0.4)%、(31.7±3.5)%、(50.4±4.8)%and(66.6±6.2)%respectively;Expression of survivin was high in esophageal carcinoma cells and it was decreased in cells treated with MG-132.CONCLUSIONS:MG-132can significantly inhibit the proliferation of esophageal carcinoma cells and induce apoptosis,which might be associated with down-regulated expression of survivin.


Abstract Decaying DC components in fault currents always cause false operations of relay systems. This paper presents an iterative algorithm to remove such components from fault currents. In combining the proposed algorithm with the Full‐Cycle DFT (FCDFT), only one‐cycle samples are needed to obtain an accurate fundamental phasor. Thus, the proposed algorithm can help digital filters achieve accurate results rapidly. Furthermore, our simulation results illustrate the proposed algorithm's effectiveness in various fault conditions.


Due to the requirements of detonation research,a two-stage light gas-gun system and corresponding measurement system has been designed.Using this two-stage light gas-gun system,RHT-901,JOB-9003and TA01explosives were impacted by a spherical and cylinder projectile through a steel plate in a series of experiments.The experimental results showed that the experimental system is easy to handle and can be widely useful in the detonation experiment.


Ultrasonic absorption and velocity spectra in bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solutions have been measured at 20 °C over the broad frequency range 0.1–1600 MHz in the pH range 1.5–13.2. Five different techniques were used: the plano–concave resonator, plano–plano resonator, pulse–echo overlap, Bragg reflection, and high‐resolution Bragg reflection methods. The absorption spectrum at neutral pH was well fitted to the relaxation curve assuming a distribution of relaxation frequency with a high‐frequency cutoff and long low‐frequency tail. The relaxation behavior was interpreted in terms of various degrees of hydration of BSA molecules. At acid pH's, excess absorption over that at pH 7 was explained by double relaxation. The pH dependences of the relaxation frequency and maximum absorption per wavelength showed that the relaxation at about 200 kHz was related to the expansion of molecules and that at 2 MHz resulted from the proton transfer reaction of carboxyl group. At alkaline pH's, the excess absorptio...


Gabriel Chanan is Director of Dissemination at the Community Development Foundation Is "regeneration" the plugging of a gap in an otherwise flourishing society, or a frontier of innovation for a society in trouble? The rationale of regeneration policy is about the plugging of gaps. But the experience of grass-roots innovation suggests something more fundamental. Areas to be "regenerated" are identified by concentrations of disadvantage, and funding is dedicated to improvements in the relevant indicators. European funding is about areas that are "lagging behind" or "suffering industrial decline". The word "regeneration" suggests at first sight a repair job, and presumably a successfully regenerated area is known by the fact that its incidence of disadvantage moves nearer to the norm. But the struggle that people in disadvantaged areas engage in to make life bearable and meaningful does not feel simply like a struggle to achieve the sort of life that is already lived in an "advanced" area. It feels more like a struggle to change the way we live. Certainly it is a struggle to achieve better material security. But it is also a struggle to achieve a better relationship between all parts of society, and all parts of the world, because it is somehow that overall relationship which points toward either healing or disintegration for all of us. The basic building block of participatory democracy, the community group, is a wheel that does have to be invented again and again, because only those who have created it for themselves have really got it. When parents get together to start a voluntary youth club, or pensioners get together to save a sub-post office, or people get together to discuss how to cope with health problems, much more happens than would be supposed from the immediate objective. An emerging sense of common purpose and joint action changes the way we see the larger systems and forces in which we are embedded. My baptism into community activity was through a residents' campaign to get a disused police station turned into a local arts centre. I thought I knew a fair amount about public issues, but the first lesson of the experience was that none of my privileged education had given me the slightest inkling as to how local amenities came into existence or were destroyed. The Byzantine ways of local


Commodity operating systems are traditionally tuned to improve performance, but in the pursuit of faster operation, reliability is sacrificed. Therefore, common abstractions, such as asynchronous file system I/O, explicitly relax reliability guarantees (e.g., delay writes to disk by 30 seconds) in favor of better performance.
The main concern of this thesis is to mitigate the performance/reliability tradeoff through the use of a general purpose mechanism, called Speculator, which implements multi-process speculative execution within the Linux kernel. Speculator is a tool for masking the latency of predictable, but slow, operations. It allows a critical, synchronous operation to be executed asynchronously. Thus, additional work is completed without sacrificing the benefits (i.e., the guarantees) of synchronous execution.
Support for speculative execution is implemented using three techniques. First, Speculator tracks and propagates the causal dependencies (via speculations) of a process via inter-process communication mechanisms such as files, pipes, FIFOS and UNIX sockets. Second, Speculator buffers the output of speculative processes until the speculations upon which the output depends have been committed. Finally, should a speculation fail, Speculator can roll back each dependent kernel object and process.
This dissertation shows that Speculator can be used to create new abstractions that replace synchronous abstractions within local file systems, distributed file systems and runtime security checks. Abstractions built using Speculator allow a pro grammer to develop applications for a reliable, synchronous abstraction while obtaining the performance of one that is asynchronous. Specifically, by using Speculator to build new abstractions, I can virtually eliminate the overhead of synchronous I/O for local file systems, build a distributed file system that provides strong consistency and safety guarantees while out-performing existing systems with weaker guarantees, and accelerate slow, sequential runtime security checks by parallelizing them across many cores. Finally, the speculative abstractions that I have built do not require application modification; the benefits of speculation are transparent.


The identification of security-critical vulnerabilities is a key for protecting computer systems. Being able to perform this process at the binary level is very important given that many software projects are closed-source. Even if the source code is available, compilation may create a mismatch between the source code and the binary code that is executed by the processor, causing analyses that are performed on source code to fail at detecting certain bugs and thus potential vulnerabilities. Existing approaches to find bugs in binary code 1) use dynamic analysis, which is difficult for firmware; 2) handle only a single architecture; or 3) use semantic similarity, which is very slow when analyzing large code bases. In this paper, we present a new approach to efficiently search for similar functions in binary code. We use this method to identify known bugs in binaries as follows: starting with a vulnerable binary function, we identify similar functions in other binaries across different compilers, optimization levels, operating systems, and CPU architectures. The main idea is to compute similarity between functions based on the structure of the corresponding control flow graphs. To minimize this costly computation, we employ an efficient pre-filter based on numeric features to quickly identify a small set of candidate functions. This allows us to efficiently search for similar functions in large code bases. We have designed and implemented a prototype of our approach, called discovRE, that supports four instruction set architectures (x86, x64, ARM, MIPS). We show that discovRE is four orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art academic approach for cross-architecture bug search in binaries. We also show that we can identify Heartbleed and POODLE vulnerabilities in an Android system image that contains over 130,000 native ARM functions in about 80 milliseconds.


Wigner release in the moderator of an uranium-graphite reactor is studied with some typical boundary conditions and for some thermal perturbations. Next, Wigner energy release experiments which have been performed up to the present and related techniques are examined in some details. Some predictions on Wigner release in high-temperature reactors (T > 250 deg C), which are operating or being built, are presented. (auth)


A blockchain, during its lifetime, records large amounts of data. In a robotics environment, the old information is useful for human evaluation, or to perform analysis, but it is not useful for robots that require only current information to continue their work. This causes a storage problem in Blockchain nodes as in the case of nodes attached to robots that are usually built around embedded solutions. This paper presents a time-segmentation solution for devices with limited storage capacity, integrated into a particular robot-directed Blockchain called RobotChain. The experiments conducted show that the goal of restricting each node's capacity is reached without compromising all the benefits that arise from the use of Blockchains in these contexts and it allows for cheap nodes to use this Blockchain, reducing storage costs and allowing faster deployment of new nodes.