Geomagnetic indices are used to measure the intensity of geomagnetic storms. In the study of solar terrestrial relationship the use of indices of geo magnetic activity plays an important role. The aim of this work is to compare the linear relationship between geomagnetic indices at quiet and disturbed period when ap 26nT for solar maximum in the year (2001). Auroral indices obtained from the omni-web are compared for the geomagnetic disturbance of different intensities. Three hourly average values of the Dst, ap, AE and Bz indices have been studied for one year of high solar activity (2001) during quiet and disturbed period. Thus, the correlations of geomagnetic indices were determined by plotting graphs of the indices against one another. The study reveals that the annual correlation coefficient of AE×ap is 72.3% for quiet period, which is the highest correlation. Also, the coefficient of Dst ×Bz is 7.94% for quiet period, which is the least correlation. For the monthly correlation, the correlation coefficient of AE× Bz in the month of May is 84.9% for disturbed period, which is the highest correlation. Also, the correlation coefficient of ap× Dst in the month of January is 1% for disturbed period, which is the least correlation. For both annual and monthly coefficient, the correlation coefficient of AE × ap (3-hourly values) for quiet period is in general the highest of all, followed by AE × Bz for disturbed and quiet period. Thus, ap is strongly influenced by AE activity or ap is the major factor that determines the auroral activity. It is observed that when Bz has values within -10nT and lower the auroral activities (AE) increases and gives a better correlation relatively to other geomagnetic indices. Also, it is observed that there was intense (or strong) storm in the months of April and October for both disturbed and quiet period. Thus, these months (April and October) could be seen as a critical months which must be given a special attention for consideration in the further studies.


The present investigation of histopathological changes in Meretrix casta exposed to sublethal concentration of cadmium 10 % and 30 % of 96 hrs of LC50 value of cadmium. The control of clam were clearly observed gill filament, inter lamellar spaces, inter lamellar junction is well organized. Exposed to 10 % sublethal concentrations of cadmium were observed disorganized gill filaments, inter lamellar space and inter lamellar junction. The 30 % of sublethal concentration of cadmium affected showed severe necrosis of gill filament, inter lamellar spaces, inter lamellar junction were also formed. Key words: Heavy metals, Cadmium, Meretrix casta, Gill and Histopathology,.


ABSTRACT For young children, sleep is essential for healthy development. Inadequate sleep can affect emotional, behavioural, cognitive, and health outcomes. Low family income and resources can put children at risk for poor sleep quality, impairing their subsequent cognitive abilities. The current study examined low socioeconomic status (SES) as a factor that increases vulnerability to the negative effects of poor sleep quality on young children's executive functioning (EF). It was hypothesized that sleep quality would be more strongly associated with EF skills for children from low-SES homes than for children from high-SES home. Results indicated that low family income predicted poorer performances in working memory. In addition, sleep quality was associated with working memory, but only for children from low-SES homes. These results suggest that sleep quality may be especially important for EF skills for children from low-SES homes.


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ottawa rumours that glendon might move by john king
regina board agrees to collection union fees
madam, you are an accessory
'year of the barricade' scaled down by david starbuck
how to be a hypocrite without really trying by graham muir
student elite screws academocracy at glendon by john king
vous avez la parole
'i dream of things that never were' by nick martin
for regent park children: glendon: retreat from a spiritless, incoherent community by liia tamme
'what the futz?' -- what's the fuss by larry scanlan
'like sucking a sweet with the wrapper on' by john king
electric circus - everything flows by brian pearl
doug fetherling: the landscape of the poet's imagination by judith perly
the rape of a sweet young girl: reflections on canadian cinema by brian pearl
ubc gets militant
proteamers b-ball
c wins glendon cup by nick martin
degenerate beautifuls? by larry scanlan
we'll come back


Study Design. A retrospective study of postoperative pain management. Objective. Evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous morphine infusion for postoperative pain management in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) and segmental spinal instrumentation (SSI). Summary of Background Data. Postoperative pain is a common problem following surgery for IS. There are no published reports regarding the use of a continuous intravenous morphine infusion for this patient population. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data regarding 339 consecutive patients with IS who underwent PSF and SSI between 1992 and 2006. All patients received intrathecal morphine after the induction of general anesthesia. Following surgery, preordered morphine infusion (0.01 mg/kg/h) was started at first reported pain. The infusion rate was titrated based on vital signs, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores (0–10), and clinical status. It was continued until patients were able to take oral analgesics. We reviewed intrathecal morphine dosage, VAS pain scores through the third postoperative day, interval to start of morphine infusion, total morphine requirements in the first 48 hours, and any adverse reactions (nausea/vomiting, pruritus, respiratory depression, and pediatric intensive care unit admission). Results. Mean intrathecal morphine dose was 15.5 ± 3.9 &mgr;g/kg and mean interval to start of the intravenous morphine infusion was 17.5 ± 5 hours. Mean VAS pain scores were 3.1, 4.5, 4.5, and 4.6 at 12 hours, 1, 2, and 3 days after surgery, respectively. The total mean morphine dose in the first 48 hours postoperatively was 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg/h. Total morphine received was 1.44 ± 0.5 mg/kg. Nausea/vomiting and pruritus, related to the morphine infusion occurred in 45 patients (13.3%) and 14 patients (4.1%), respectively. No patients had respiratory depression or required Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admission. Conclusion. A low frequency of adverse events and a mean postoperative VAS pain score of 5 or less demonstrate that a continuous postoperative morphine infusion is a safe and effective method of pain management in patients with IS following PSF and SSI.


Business education is attracting more and more female students, hence more entrepreneurial participation is expected from these graduates. The study aims to investigate the entrepreneurial intention of the Muslim Female BBA students from International Islamic University Chittagong Bangladesh. Few studies have addressed entrepreneurial attitude of Muslim females in developing countries. Islam is a complete way of life; directing and guiding entrepreneurial intention based on Islamic values will ensure an overall balanced growth in society rather benefiting particular sections. Investigating Female students' intent can act as the first step towards instigating entrepreneurial culture in Bangladesh based on Islamic teachings. As par findings of the study major motivational factors highlighted by the students who are willing to pursue self-employment are feeling of independence and satisfaction. Total number of respondents is 95 among which only 26.3% are inclined to go for self-employment. The unwillingness of the rest of the students is, among other reasons, mainly due to the risk and uncertainty involved in business, lack of capital, family and social obstacles, lack of suitable knowledge as well as lack of experience. Key words: Motivation, Entrepreneurship Intention, Business


Developing realistic cyber training environments enables hands-on training of cyber security topics in a controlled fashion. Cost, space, time, and reproducibility are major factors that prevent large-scale network replications for individual training purposes. This paper discusses the ways that existing virtualization technologies could be packaged to provide a more accessible, comprehensive, and realistic cyberspace training and education environment to the individual user. The paper maps ways of merging two existing virtualization methods in order to leverage the unique benefits that each type of virtualization technique provides. The first method, called operating system virtualization, provides a highly memory efficient way to run virtual machines, provided that all virtual machines run the same operating system kernel. The second approach, full virtualization, requires a larger memory footprint, but allows arbitrary operating systems to be virtualized. Combining these two techniques will allow for larger, more diverse training environments for modeling and training in the cyber domain. Index terms – Information Security Education, Cyber Security, Virtualization


Safety and electrical training are not an option. There are legal as well as ethical and social responsibilities to reasonably provide information for protection of people. Both high energy and shock hazards must be identified. The amount of training required depends on the frequency and level of exposure to electrical systems. Three different levels are identified for nonelectrical skills. These can be grouped as painter level, mechanic level, and operator level. Minimum time is required for these services. Operators that must check fuses require more training. A hands-on approach is most effective. The time is divided between class time for explanations and actual performance of the task. Checklists and appropriate safety equipment are essential. Periodic follow-up checks are necessary to correct weak habits and as a safety reminder.<<ETX>>


The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of observation sequence is usually used in the detection of tonal signal. A tone without any prior information cannot be guaranteed to lie exactly on the discrete DFT frequency bin, which will degrade the performance of the tonal detector based on DFT. In this work, the authors study the detection problem for a tone deviated from the discrete frequency bin. A generalised likelihood ratio detector utilising the information of adjacent frequency bins is designed. Theoretical analysis, computer simulations, and lake experiment show that the proposed detector is robust against the deviation and is more suitable for the tone detection in practical circumstances.


THE central role of calories in the production and A maintenance of human obesity is not susceptible to serious challenge. The elucidation of the metabolic anomalies of the hereditary hyperglycemic obese mice by Mayer et al.1 and others,2 however, has led to the consideration of causes of obesity other than simple dietary extravagance.1 , 2 Variation in the amount of exercise has been shown conclusively to be etiologically important in certain cases of obesity.3 The equivalence of isocaloric diets high in fat or carbohydrate in weight maintenance has been questioned.4 , 5 So, too, has the importance of the timing of the consumption of . . .


Certain spectrum bands originally occupied by legacy systems such as TV transmission have been opened up for free and unlicensed access in many countries provided no interference to the incumbents. It is envisioned that heterogeneous networks will coexist in these white space bands sharing the available unlicensed spectra. Therefore, an efficient coexistence management scheme is needed to coordinate access from different networks such that spectrum utilization is maximized while harmful interference is avoided. In this paper, we develop a two-stage coexistence management algorithm that efficiently coordinates spectrum sharing among heterogeneous networks operating over spectrum white spaces. The first stage allocates bandwidth to the networks such that fairness is achieved while maximizing spectrum reuse. Then, in the second stage, the available bandwidth is divided into channel slots and assigned to different networks according to the allocation from the first stage. The proposed scheme can be implemented at the white space database manager where the regulations require networks to contact in order to get the list of available spectrum for their location. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme provides significant performance gains owing to orthogonal channel assignment with coordinated spectrum re-use.


Base station the mobile communication system is described for allocating a control channel element for signaling resource allocation data for a plurality of mobile telephones. CCE is one for the uplink assignment, and one for downlink assignments are divided into at least two groups. In one embodiment, the group size is fixed, in another embodiment, group size varies between subframes. In another embodiment, the group size is changed pseudo-randomly.


A digitalization scheme for multi-band GNSS receivers employing a single A/D converter for all signals is presented. Theoretical analyses are carried out, to compute the degradation in post-correlation signal to noise ratio due to joint filter and digitalization, in comparison to a classic scheme with separate A/D converters for each band. As a case study, a GPS and GLONASS L1 receiver is considered. The intermediate and sampling frequencies and the number of bits for the converter are designed. Also, the loss analysis is extended to a scheme with digital filter and decimation followed by requantization, in order to reduce the sample rate and number of quantization bits to values that allow a simpler implementation of the following digital processing stages. The results show that with a sampling frequency slightly above the double of that necessary in a classic scheme, the losses of the single converter scheme proposed are of the order of 1 dB greater than those of the separate converters scheme.


In work there is the represented estimation of level of competition at the market of bank services of Ukraine for period 2002-2005 In research was used formal-logical and mathematical methods of analysis of competition. Can be drawn on got results for upgrading prognostication and adjusting of activity of banks at the market of bank services of Ukraine.


Objective The Low Molecular Weight Fraction of 5% human serum Albumin (LMWF-5A) is being investigated as a treatment for knee pain from osteoarthritis. Methods This was a multicenter randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, parallel study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two doses of an intra-articular injection of LMWF-5A. Patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were randomized 1∶1∶1∶1 to receive a single 4 mL or 10 mL intra-articular knee injection of either LMWF-5A or vehicle control (saline). The primary efficacy endpoint was the difference between treatment groups in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) pain change from baseline over 12 weeks. Safety was examined as the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 329 patients were randomized and received treatment. LMWF-5A resulted in a significant decrease in pain at 12 weeks compared to vehicle control (−0.93 vs −0.72; estimated difference from control: −0.25, p = 0.004); an injection volume effect was not observed (p = 0.64). The effect of LMWF-5A on pain was even more pronounced in patients with severe knee OA (Kellgren Lawrence Grade IV): the estimated difference from control was −0.42 (p = 0.02). Adverse events were generally mild and were similar in patients who received vehicle control (47%) and LMWF-5A (41%). Conclusions This clinical trial demonstrated that LMWF-5A is safe and effective at providing relief for the pain of moderate to severe OA of the knee over 12 weeks when administered by intra-articular injection into the knee. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01839331


Objective:To investigate the characteristic changes of the periphery nerves composed of motorneurone axons distal to the complete spinal cord injury and provide foundation for the clinical treatment,rehabilitation and evaluation of prognosis.Method:48 male Wistar rats were divived into sham and spinal cord injury group.24 rats were subjected to T10 spinal cord complete transection after laminectomy,24 rats were sham-operated.The sham-operated animals underwent an identical surgical procedure excluding the resectioning of the cord.Rats were sacrificed at 7days,1 month,2 month and 3 month and the common peroneal nerve were harvested right before its entrance into the muscle,with 6 rats for each time point from each group.The nerve were observed under light microscope and electronic microscope for morphological changes.Result:Nerves collected from the sham-operated control group at different time points showed normal nerve arrangement,normal axon shape under light microscope while under electronic microscope it showed normal nerve sheath,clear lamination,normal axon position and normal microfilaments and microtubules inside the axon.Nerves from spinal cord injury group,however,showed apparent degeneration of the sheaths and axons of the common peroneal nerve under light microscope,and the degeneration worsened over time.Sprouting of axons were also observed.Under electronic microscope,they showed swelling of mitochondria inside the axon and desolving of microfilament and microtubule,destruction of lamina structure of the nerve sheath,hyperplysia and vesicular degeneration of schwann cell.A large number of axonal sprouting appeared at the same time of degeneration.Conclusion:Peripheral nerve degeneration appeares following complete transection of thoracic spinal cord and the degeneration aggravates over time which illustrates that complete transection of the spinal cord causes transneuronal degeneration of the motorneusones distal to the lesion.


figures/tables and associated texts be placed in the supplementary; these are mostly model evaluations which can be summarized in writing and then refer to specific figures/tables in the supplementary as backups to support the write-up. These are Figure 3 and 4 (precipitation evaluation), Table 3, Table 5 or Figure 5 (both show the model performance of nitrogen deposition; it is sufficient to keep one in the main text), and Table 7-10.


It has been proven that in patients with heart failure (HF), there is an increased level of adrenomedullin (ADM) in plasma. Biomarker indices correlate with the severity of hemodynamic dysfunction, as well as with neurohumoral indices, which are activated depending on the severity of congestive circulatory failure. In addition, the expression of the ADM gene in the heart and kidneys is increased in experimental and clinical HF. A small number of studies have examined the effect of ADM infusion. These studies have generally shown that hormone infusion has beneficial hemodynamic effects and promotes the maintenance/improvement of renal function, but most of the studies have been short-lived. The available results suggest that increasing ADM levels reduce the negative effects of vasoconstriction and sodium retention. A better understanding of the role of a biological marker in congestive circulatory failure may lead to the development of drugs that target ADM receptors.


Part I: Getting Personal: Connecting Adolescent Literacy Instruction with Students' Lived Experiences. Lewis, Jones, How Can What We Know about Adolescent Learners Be Used to Benefit Our Literacy Instruction? Dahbany, McFadden, How Can Motivation and Self-Efficacy Theory Inform Adolescent Literacy Teaching Practices? Kist, Ryan, How Can Adolescents' Literacies Outside of School Be Brought into the Classroom? Harper, Mitchell, Adolescent Literacy and Democratic Life: What's Politics Got to Do with It? Part II: Connecting Adolescent Literacy Instruction to Students' Personal Goals. Lewis, Reader, How Can We Help Adolescent Readers Meet the Challenges of Academic Text? Ehlers-Zavala, Azcoitia, How Can Teachers Help Adolescent English Language Learners Attain Academic Literacy? Falk-Ross, Hurst, How Can We Use Adolescents' Language and Classroom Discourse to Enhance Critical Thinking Practices? Nichols, Rupley, Kiser, How Can Vocabulary Instruction Be Made an Integral Part of Learning in Middle and High School Classrooms? How Does Creative Content-Area Teaching in Cyberspace and Multimedia Settings. Bean, Walker, Wimmer, Dillard, Work with Adolescents? Wolsey, Kelsey, How Can We Help Adolescents Think about Content through Writing? Birdyshaw, Hoffman, How Can Content-Area Teachers Differentiate Instruction for Their Students to Improve Student Learning? Gillis, Haltiwanger, Dillingham, Ficklin, Davis, How Can Assessment Evaluate Student Learning, Inform Instruction, and Promote Student Independence? Part III: Building School Communities for Adolescent Literacy Instruction. Bean, Carroll, What Do Middle Grades and High School Teachers Need to Know about Literacy Coaching? Mason, Ippolito, What is the Role of the Reading Specialist in Promoting Adolescent Literacy?


A detailed study of the kinetics of environmental degradation in graphite-epoxy composites show a close correlation between analytical predictions and experimentally observed changes in interlaminar shear and fracture energy response under high moisture exposure conditions. Unaged composite specimens exhibit high interlaminar shear strength λ b > 850 kg/cm 2 (12 000 psi) and relatively low fracture energy W b /A ≅ 10 to 20 kg cm/cm 2 (56 to 112 lb in./in. 2 ). Exposure to 95 percent relative humidity or water immersion at 100°C (212°F) for times t ≥ 200 h produces a 30 to 50 percent reduction in λ b accompanied by a concurrent two to fivefold increase in W b /A and acoustic energy absorption. These property changes are shown to be irreversible and directly related to cumulative moisture degradation of the fiber-matrix interfacial bond. The magnitudes of these property changes are consistent with surface energy analysis and micromechanics predictions.


NASA has launched a mission to Jupiter that will shed light on the origin and inner structure of the largest planet in our solar system.


The new trend for low calorie products, triggered the search for natural alternatives to sucrose. The effect of replacing sugar by these new generation sweeteners on microbial growth was the purpose of the present work. Stevia, Steviol Glycosides and Tagatose were tested. This study was performed on gelatine and dextran medium, resulting in a heterogeneous protein-polysaccharide solid mixture, in contrast with a homogeneous gellified mixture with only dextran. Using the technique of viable plate counting, the growth curves at 20oC of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes, were obtained. The Baranyi and Roberts model was fitted to the experimental data for growth parameter estimation. Confocal microscope observations on the heterogeneous system was performed to show phase separation of the media and to visualize the preferential phase for microbial growth. For both media types the addition of Stevia resulted in both higher growth rates and cell densities, on the contrary, tagatose slowed and reduced the growth of the two pathogens. The addition of a second gelling agent had an effect on growth parameters and dynamics, confirming the effect of food structure on microbial growth. Introducing this information into mathematical models leads to more reliable predictions and enhances food safety.


Stationary (near stationary) rotation modes of an unbalanced rotor with the oscillation frequency of its axis are considered. From the standpoint of I. I. Blekhman vibrational mechanics, explanations of the mechanism of vibrational capture of the rotation of an unbalanced rotor are given. It is demonstrated that the vibration moment arising as a result of oscillations tends to synchronize vibrational and rotational movements. In addition its effect in the stationary mode becomes unambiguous – either braking or accelerating. It is shown that when a stationary rotation mode is established, large, relatively slow oscillations of rotor's speed can occur. Theoretical results are confirmed by computer simulation.


Abstract Acute coronary syndrome describes a range of clinical conditions that arise from acute myocardial ischaemia and includes unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It results from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, most commonly caused by formation of thrombus on pre-existing coronary artery plaque. It presents with chest pain, pressure, tightness, or heaviness (which may be new, increasing or occurring at rest) that radiates to neck, jaw, shoulders, back or one or both arms. The priority of treatment is to identify patients with STEMI who may benefit from immediate reperfusion therapy using ECG and biochemical cardiac markers. In patients with STEMI, blood flow to the myocardium may be restored with thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients with unstable angina or NSTEMI require therapy to prevent progression to full thickness myocardial infarction with antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication and beta-blockade. Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death after acute myocardial ischaemia in patients who reach the hospital alive. It occurs in 7% of patients with STEMI and in 3% with NSTEMI, and may also occur following unstable angina. It is a progressive state of hypotension (less than 90 mm Hg) lasting at least 30 min, despite adequate preload and heart rate, which leads to systemic hypoperfusion. Management is aimed at identifying patients in the pre-shock state to support viable myocardium. Once shock has developed, patients may require invasive monitoring, ventilatory support, cardiovascular support, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and consideration for an early invasive strategy with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting.


The effect of radiation on follicle growth in the ovary can be followed by administering a sterilizing dose of 80 to 160 r and examining the ovary 14 to 15 days after the irradiation, when some gonadotrophic reaction can still be observed. The mice were divided into three control groups and one experimental group. The 1st control group was left untreated. The 2nd control group was subjected to irradiation only. The 3rd control group was given two subcutaneous injections of prolan (30 mouse units per injection) separated by an interval of one week, and was not irradiated. The 4th experimental group was given a sterilizing x-ray dose of 80 to 160 r, and was injected with prolan on the 14th to 15th day after irradiation. The mice were subjected to autopsy directly after injection of the prolan, and 98 to 120 hours after injection in order to observe the gonadotrophic reaction. The average weight of an ovary was 3.5 mg, and the injection of prolan increased the weight to 8 mg. The irradiated ovary increased in weight to 5 mg after prolan stimulation, but substantial differences in the response of normal and irradiated ovaries were noted by microscopic study. Folliclesmore » in the early stages of growth were completely absent. It appeared that radiation had caused significant damage to the mechanism of ovulation. No follicles in the pre-ovulation stage could be detected. The embryonic epithelium lost its ability to generate primordial follicles, The large multi-layered follicles gave a gonadotrophic reaction, but this reaction was pathological in nature, because no signs of ovulation could be detected. It is possible that radiation causes damage to some ferment system which controls ovulation. (TTT).« less


Objective: To investigate the immune function and anti-inflammatory capacity of the olive oil based lipid emulsion compared with the traditional of median /long( MCT /LCT) fat emulsion application in critically ill patients. Methods: Fifty critical ill patients were prospectively enrolled and were randomly assigned to receive total parenteral nutrition( TPN) for 7 days. Patients were randomized into control group receiving TPN with a MCT /LCT fat solution and study group receiving TPN with olive oil based lipid emulsion. Plasma protein,C-reactive protein( CRP),total lymphocyte count and T lymphocyte subgroup were measured. Results: After TPN,serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were significantly increased in two group. CRP decreased in two groups. The total lymphocyte count,CD4,CD4 /CD8 were increased in study group and were significantly higher than those in the control group(P 0. 05). Conclusion: The olive oil based lipid emulsion can improve the immune function and reduce the inflammation in critically patients.


Anecdotal reports suggest that disease‐advocacy groups (DAOs) participate in multiple aspects of clinical research. No systemic analysis of the extent of DAO involvement in clinical genetics research has been conducted to date. We conducted a systematic review of journal articles published in 2004 and 2005 reporting clinical research on 50 genetic diseases to assess the extent to which DAOs financed the studies reported, assisted in subject recruitment, or participated in other aspects of research. Of 513 articles, 350 (68%) included a statement regarding research support. Of these articles, 114 (33%) acknowledged DAO funding. The proportion of articles reporting financial support from a DAO varied greatly by disease. Articles reporting financial support from a DAO often identified at least one additional source of support (73%). Of the articles examined, 19 (4%) acknowledged DAO assistance with subject recruitment and 11 (2%) included an author affiliated with a DAO. DAOs provide financial support for numerous clinical research studies in genetics, often in partnership with government agencies and for‐profit corporations. DAOs also participate in other aspects of clinical research, including subject recruitment. Future studies should seek to characterize these research partnerships more fully. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Background: Numerous randomised controlled trials had proven the effectiveness of palliative external beam radiotherapy (PRT) in symptom relief and improvement in the quality of life for patients with either locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. However, reports on patient survival after PRT treatment are limited and disease site specific. The aim of this study is to find the effect of metastatic sites and the impact of dose fractionation schemes on the survival of breast cancer patients after PRT treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients' data with both locally advanced and metastatic breast cancers that were treated with palliative radiotherapy between 2005 and 2009. Radiotherapy doses ranging between 5 and 35 Gy/2.5 and 8 Gy per fraction were used for the treatment. Patients' survivals were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox hazard ratio. Actuarial survival rates were also conducted for 1, 2 and 3 years after PRT. Results: Five hundred and eighty-four patients were eligible during the study period. Their mean age was 45.9 years. Only 0.7% were males. More than two-thirds of the patients (72.1%) presented with metastatic disease and 34.9% of them had multiple sites of metastasis. The most common prescribed radiation doses and their fractionation numbers ranged between 13 and 28 Gy in 4–9 fractions. Visceral sites of metastasis were significantly associated with poor survival, and treatment with longer radiation courses (≥21 Gy/≥7#) has a significant survival advantage. An actuarial survival rate of 85% of patients was observed beyond 1st year after PRT. Conclusion: Sites of metastasis have a significant impact on survivals of breast cancer patients, with better survivals among patients with bone and soft-tissue locations compared to those located in the visceral organs. PRT treatment with longer dose fractionation schemes has a significant survival benefit in advanced breast cancer patients.


The use of fibre Bragg grating sensors to study mortars' dimensional variations during the setting process is reported. When determining a mortar's potential to fissure, it's important to know its total retraction. This means it is necessary to know not only the mortar's retraction after hardened, but also to know how much it retracts during the plastic phase. This work presents a technique which allows to measure dimensional variations, either expansion or retraction, during the whole setting process. Temperature and strain evolution during both plastic and hardened phase of the mortar were obtained, allowing the determination of dimensional variations and setting times. Due to its high-speed, ease of implementation and low operation costs, this technique will allow to get a deeper knowledge of the effects of several additives on the mortar's behaviour, allowing to improve its mechanical properties through the determination of the proper chemical composition.


We report on a possible association of the recently discovered very high-energy $\gamma$-ray source HESS J1825--137 with the pulsar wind nebula (commonly referred to as G 18.0--0.7) of the $2.1\times 10^{4}$ year old Vela-like pulsar PSR B1823--13. HESS J1825--137 was detected with a significance of 8.1 $\sigma$ in the Galactic Plane survey conducted with the H.E.S.S. instrument in 2004. The centroid position of HESS J1825--137 is offset by 11\arcmin south of the pulsar position. \emph{XMM-Newton} observations have revealed X-ray synchrotron emission of an asymmetric pulsar wind nebula extending to the south of the pulsar. We argue that the observed morphology and TeV spectral index suggest that HESS J1825--137 and G 18.0--0.7 may be associated: the lifetime of TeV emitting electrons is expected to be longer compared to the {\it XMM-Newton} X-ray emitting electrons, resulting in electrons from earlier epochs (when the spin-down power was larger) contributing to the present TeV flux. These electrons are expected to be synchrotron cooled, which explains the observed photon index of $\sim 2.4$, and the longer lifetime of TeV emitting electrons naturally explains why the TeV nebula is larger than the X-ray size. Finally, supernova remnant expansion into an inhomogeneous medium is expected to create reverse shocks interacting at different times with the pulsar wind nebula, resulting in the offset X-ray and TeV $\gamma$-ray morphology.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a single-layer board on chip package substrate in which high density can be achieved and manufacturing costs can be reduced, and to provide a manufacturing method of the single-layer board on chip package substrate. SOLUTION: The single-layer board on chip package substrate includes an insulator 10, a circuit pattern 12 and a flip-chip bonding pad 14 which are provided on an upper surface of the insulator 10, a conductive bump 15, which is in contact with a lower surface of the circuit pattern 12 and penetrates through the insulator 10, a solder resist layer 20 which is formed on the upper surface of the insulator 10 so that at least a portion of the flip-chip bonding pad 14 is exposed, and a flip-chip bonding bump which is provided on an upper surface of the flip-chip bonding pad 14 in order to make a flip-chip connection with an electronic element 30. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


Summary Sulfamerazine has no effect on any of the endotoxins of the agents of the lymphogranuloma-psittacosis group and on the early deaths produced by such toxins, even when these are used in doses on the border line of lethality and are derived from lymphogranuloma venereum or mouse pneumonitis both of which infections are very susceptible to sulfonamide therapy. On the other h and, of the later deaths which occur following intravenous inoculation of the agents of mouse or feline pneumonitis, those occurring with mouse pneumonitis are entirely prevented with sulfamerazine while those with feline pneumonitis are not. These facts are in keeping with the previously postulated theory that these later deaths are due to infection while the earlier are due to toxemia.


Objective: To compare the edge leakages in vitro between two different types of glass ionomer cement and provide a basis for a wide-spread use of Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji-Ⅱ. Methods: Eighty healthy isolated premalors were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group for microleakage and closeness experiments. V-shaped holes of 3 mm×3 mm×2 mm were prepared at 1/3 part to gingiva of each premalor. Each hole was filled with Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji-Ⅱfor experimental group or with the other type of glass ionomer cement for control group. The depth of dye penetrating into the teeth was observed through an optical microscope and the slot width of the filling margin was observed through scanning electronic microscope. Results: The filling margins of the two groups had different dye penetration degree, of which experimental group was slighter than the degree of control group. The average slot width between the filling and tooth was (13.48±1.089)μm in Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji-Ⅱgroup versus (39.54±5.82)μm in control group (P0.01). Conclusion: Comparing with the traditional glass ionomer cement, Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji-Ⅱ has a better closed edge in filling.


In the future space development, the formation flights of multiple spacecraft in earth orbit are planned for science or engineering missions. For the purpose, this paper proposes to use model predictive control (MPC). Although there are many control problems, this paper focuses on four key issues, i.e., the orbit eccentricity, the pulsive thruster features, the spacecraft mass changes and the length of sampling periods. We intend to overcome these problems in MPC framework. In this paper, the simple control schemes are shown and some numerical simulation results are illustrated in order to evaluate their feasibility


Through some pages of Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas we see some medieval solutions to the platonic drama of a beauty defined by numbers and measures, however with suprasensible roots: how can we say beautiful what cannot be measured? If Beauty is Harmony and Proportion, consequently how can it derive from a suprasensible beauty? How will it be possible to express aesthetic judgments that go beyond measurement? The medieval answers to these questions are far beyond the postmodern uncertainties, maintaining paradoxes.


The aim of this study to clarit'y the relationship between thc incidence of atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter ptlori infection. A case control study was conducted Cases and controls were those who took an annual a rural arca were diagnosed as atrophic atrophic the examination of serum pepsinogens. who were


Every company, both private and government, will work to improve their performance in order to compete in the world of business. Discipline is a consciousness from individual or group to comply with regulations. Motivation is a thought concept directed to do something. Supervision is a thorough control of the company regulations. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of work discipline, motivation and supervision on employee performance in PT. Pertamina (Persero) Marketing Unit VII Fuel Terminal Bitung. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The study population amounted to 100 employees and 50 respondents were taken as samples through simple random sampling method. The results show work discipline, motivation and supervision simultaneously have significant effect on the performance of employees in PT. Pertamina (Persero) Marketing Unit VII Fuel Terminal Bitung. The leader of PT. Pertamina (Persero) Marketing Unit VII Fuel Terminal Bitung should pay more attention to work discipline, motivation and supervision, because it can support the employee performance.


Abstract We present a case of the multicentric plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease (CD) with two rare manifestations. The patient consulted us because of cutaneous vasculitis of the lower limbs, while constitutional symptoms were nearly absent. Imaging studies also revealed pulmonary parenchymal involvement. Furthermore, our patient is the first case in whom association of ankylosing spondylitis with CD is reported. In addition, we present a review of the literature with emphasis on the clinical presentation of CD and its difficult discrimination from autoimmune and infectious disorders. An overview of the therapeutic options is also provided.


Aberrant sialylation is accepted as a carcinogenic biomarker. In previous work, fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) distinguished between cancerous and normal oral biopsies. The purpose of this study was to investigate WGA‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as a point‐of‐care tool for detecting oral malignant and dysplastic lesions in vivo.


This bottom‐up modeling study, supported by emission inventories and crop production, simulates ozone on local to regional scales. It quantifies, for the first time, potential impact of ozone on district‐wise cotton, soybeans, rice, and wheat crops in India for the first decade of the 21st century. Wheat is the most impacted crop with losses of 3.5 ± 0.8 million tons (Mt), followed by rice at 2.1 ± 0.8 Mt, with the losses concentrated in central and north India. On the national scale, this loss is about 9.2% of the cereals required every year (61.2 Mt) under the provision of the recently implemented National Food Security Bill (in 2013) by the Government of India. The nationally aggregated yield loss is sufficient to feed about 94 million people living below poverty line in India.


According to certain production requirements production,a roller-type clipper is designed.A side gap automatic fixing system is also designed and the main parts introduced in detail.In this paper,the main structure and basic theory is introduced,and some key parameters are discussed and determined,such as the diameter and width of rollers,the superposition,the nip angle,the material and so on.Its range of work is the production of sheet steel thinner than 2 mm,and 500 ~1 500 mm in width.


This study is the Turkish translation of the article titled "The Sect of Ahl-i Haqq (Ali Ilahis)" written by Han Saeed in English and published in 1928. The mention of Hacı Bektaş Veli in the content of the article and the reference of his relations with the Ahl-i Haqqs make the article important for us. Ahl-i Haqqs are also known as Yaresan Alevis and Ali Ilahis. According to their belief Huda had appeared seven times in human form. In the first, Huda appeared in the form of Havendigar, the creator of the worlds, then appeared as Ali Murtaza, Şah Hoşin, Sultan Sahak, Şah Veys Kulu, Muhammed Bey and Ateş Bey. Ahl-i Haqq sect has a belief that people will come back to the world after death, called "dona don". According to them Hacı Bektaş Veli is incarnation of Sultan Sahak in Anatolia and the appearence of God. During the reign of Sultan Sahak, the community was divided into seven families called "Hanedan" and their administration was left to the seven Pirs from these families. After Sultan Sahak, the number of "Hanedan" increased to twelve. Each follower of Ahl-i Haqq must belong to one of these twelve families. Keywords: Ahl-i Haqq, Saeed Khan, The Muslim World.


Analytical models for nonlinear electron plasma waves in weakly magnetized plasmas are developed for single as well as multi-mode conditions, with continuous wave spectra being a limiting case. The conditions for wave decay as well as modulational instabilities are analysed. Our results demonstrate that slow or nearly stationary plasma density variations can be found for weakly magnetized plasmas even for weakly nonlinear electron plasma waves without involving cavitation of large amplitude plasma waves. A reduction of the growth rates for decay as well as modulational instabilities are found when the spectral width of the wave spectrum is increased. Some of our results are relevant for the interpretation of the nonlinearly enhanced ion acoustic lines often observed in non-equilibrium ionospheres.


Comparisons between GEOSAT and SEASAT altimeter tracking over non-ocean surfaces are presented. The GEOSAT tracker shows more agility over the rougher surfaces and therefore is able to maintain lock better than SEASAT. For repeat groundtracks over the Greenland ice sheet, GEOSAT provided twice as many usable height measurements as SEASAT. Large off-nadir attitude excursions caused differences in GEOSAT tracking between repeat cycles. The increased GEOSAT pulse width caused an acquisition problem mostly over the quickly-varying land surfaces. The GEOSAT altimeter was sometimes able to track over surfaces SEASAT could not but at times the acquisition problem was worse. The effect of all the modifications is that the GEOSAT measurements give more detailed along track information of the small-scale topography. Over the ice sheets GEOSAT yields denser coverage, but over land SEASAT measurements give a better overall picture of the general topography. These results suggest that the GEOSAT elevation data set over land can best be used to augment the information obtained from the SEASAT data and is most valuable when investigating topography at scales less than 100 km.


The complexity of preparing young people for MRI examinations. Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides an unparalleled view inside the human body. The process enables the creating of images for diagnostic analysis without recourse to the use of ionising radiation such as x-rays. This is particularly relevant in diagnostic evaluation in paediatrics where there is the danger of cumulative radiation exposure (Barkovich, 2000). However the physically imposing characteristics of MRI equipment, noise, temperature, and long periods of keeping still contribute to the already high levels of anxiety experienced by the child and his or her accompanying family members. In very young children (under two years of age) sedation or general anaesthetic is required. The referring physician assesses older children as to their sedation requirements and suitability for the procedure. Sedation is considered to be relatively safe and complications rarely occur however it does introduce a higher risk to the child through decreased respiratory rate and airway obstruction. General anaesthesia therefore turns an otherwise non-invasive procedure into an invasive one with additional implications upon imaging productivity; number of personnel involved and associated costs.


The title compounds of formula (I) may be obtained by cyclization pentenoic acid derivatives of formula (II) aminomethylated in the presence of acids or ammonia. BEARING R, X, R1, R2 YZ THE MEANING described in the specification. In a preferred mode ACID DERIVATIVES ARE USED TO pentenoic aminomethylated obtained through pentenoic acid derivatives of formula (III) or (IV) ortho-amides of formula (V). AYB meanings are described in memory.


Joshua Lederberg died recently. His is a revered name among our older readers, and we assume that many younger ones also know of him. But just in case, let us mention some of what made him a giant in modern biology. He is best known for finding that bacteria have sex, that is that they can undergo cell-to-cell conjugation. He then discovered (with Norton Zinder, a graduate student) that genes can also be exchanged via phages: transduction. Thus, Lederberg discovered two of the three major mechanisms for gene transfer in bacteria. The third, transformation by naked DNA, had already been discovered, or else—who knows?—he might have found that one, too. He then entered the fray related to the origin of mutations. For this purpose, he invented, together with his wife, Esther, the replica plating technique, which allowed him to demonstrate that mutations were spontaneous and random, not induced by something in the environment. He did this by comparing a mutant colony identified on a replica plate with the corresponding colony on the master plate, and showing that they both had the same properties. That ended the argument, at least for the time.


In September 2021 I started a new job with the Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (CHQ) in Queensland. CHQ was established in 2012 and had never had a library. As I was to find out, my new manager had been pushing for a library/librarian for some time, and eventually obtained approval for a 0.4 position with the title "Librarian and Research Metrics Manager".


Engineering a system to emulate a particular behaviour can be an extremely informative approach to systems biology. Step-by-step reconstruction allows theoretical assumptions and models to be refined. We have therefore developed an in vitro system that allows the careful build-up of complex networks under controlled conditions. By localizing interacting gene constructs on magnetic beads, we are able to reconstruct gene networks with spatial definition. We illus-trated the method by reconstructing a system to emulate Drosophila embryonic pattern formation. The Drosophila syncytium was mod-elled using DNA-coated paramagnetic beads, fixed by magnets in an artificial chamber, forming a gene expression network. By replacing the components of the gap gene system with analogous components, such as artificial zinc finger transcription factors, phage polymerases and transcription-translation extract, we generated simple expression patterns. Various levels of network connectivity were explored; generally, adding more transcription repression interactions increased the'sharpness'ofthepattern,whilereducingoverallexpressionlevels.Thesystemdescribedhereshouldbegenerallyapplicabletostudyany biological network with a spatial component. In related work, we have adapted these magnetic bead technologies to deliver PCR products to mammalian cells via transient transfection. Beads may be added to the cells at any time, allowing both spatial and temporal control of transfection. By expressing genes in different locations in a cell culture, it should become possible to construct elaborate interacting networks of 'differentiated' cells, or synthetic gene networks, for artificial tissue-engineering applications. loop with a very simple structure will produce robust oscillations, recent work has shown that circadian clocks have multiple intertwined regulatory loops with both positive and negative feedback. We analyse the reasons for this complexity and address the question of how the structure of the genetic network allows it to accommodate multiple, conflicting goals. We discuss new mathematical tools that facilitate the understanding of key characteristics of circadian oscillators, such as robust entrainment and temperature compensation. Having addressed the problem of the extent to which the key characteristics of a circadian clock can be tuned independently and which of them are strongly related we consider a mathematical approach to understand the flexibility of these regulatory networks, i.e. how easy it is to simultaneously tune for the multiple evolutionary goals. diameter distributions based on empirical measurements of conduit anatomy, and connected by edges that capture the additional resistance of inter-conduit pits. To simulate the flow, a constant pressure gradient is imposed externally and the pressure at each vertex is calculated by solving the corresponding linear system, assuming steady state and Darcy's flow. Preliminary results showed that system-level properties, such as the connectivity of the network (i.e. average number of connections per conduit) or the existence of a relationship between conduit diameter and length have a critical influence on the overall hydraulic conductivity of the xylem. The propagation of emboli is also likely to be affected by the spatial arrangement of the conduits. Post-genomics systems biology is an integrative approach driven by the development of high-throughput technologies such as transcrip-tomics, metabolomics and proteomics that investigate complex systems to generate a descriptive and mechanistic model. Interpre-tation of the resulting large-scale data sets in a systems context is one of the biggest challenges in modern biology. Many multidisciplinary bioinformatics approaches and tools have been developed to aid scientists to access their data. In our own work, two main strategies have been employed to push the generation of new biological hypothesis: (i) the visualization of profiling data onto maps of biochemical pathways, (ii) an intensive analysis of public domain data. To identify and investigate functional modules in the process of seedling germination a combination of visualization and data integration tools was applied to transcriptome data of abscisic acid-treated and untreated embryo and endosperm tissue. Profiling data were screened for tissue-specific co-response events of functional gene clusters. The results were visualized onto pathway maps and clearly revealed different functional modules involved in the regulatory process of germination in endosperm and embryo tissues. Shoot apical meristems are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of the plant. As they define the number, type and position of lateral organs, meristems are the basis of plant architecture, allowing plants to adapt their development to environmental conditions. In particular during the last decade, an impressive body of knowledge concerning shoot apical meristem function has been generated. This includes information on the genes involved, their expression patterns, cell differentiation, cell division patterns, etc. The complexity of these data is such that an integrated view of meristem function is not yet possible. Therefore, adapted mathematical and informatics approaches are now required to integrate the knowledge in such a way that it can advance the level of understanding in the field. To formulate and test hypotheses on spatial aspects such as flows of signalling molecules between cells, strain within tissues, and the role of gene products in the spatial control of cell proliferation, we are creating a virtual meristem that will integrate as much spatial, dynamic and quantitative information as possible. UTR encodes levels of sucrose and hexoses in leaves are greatly decreased compared with those observed in the wild type. To assess the impact of these metabolic changes, we have carried out a transcriptome analysis of leaves from wild-type and tpt-1 plants using the Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip. Remarkably, appreciable changes in mRNA abundance were observed for only a few genes; in particular, increases of 3-fold or greater were exhibited by only 24 genes, almost all of which are known to be subject to glucose repression. Greatly over-represented in the promoter regions of these genes is a cis element TTATCCA (the 'TA box') previously implicated in sugar-mediated regulation of gene expression. In cereals the TA box is the target for specific MYB transcription factors, whose action depends on an orthologue of the yeast sugar sensor SNF1 kinase. We conclude that an SNF1-dependent sugar-sensing pathway functions in Arabidopsis under physiological conditions, mediating the response to altered carbohydrate levels in the tpt-1 mutant. expression and enzyme activity. In the model, NR activity is regulated at the transcriptional level, in response to the balance between nitrate influx and reduction, and at the post-translational levels in response to signals from carbon assimilation. Under light/ dark cycles, the simulation results are in agreement with the observed diurnal pattern of changes in levels of leaf nitrate, NR mRNA and NR activity. Within a range of kinetic parameter values, circadian oscillation behaviour persists even under constant light, with a period close to 24 h. These simulation results suggest that self-sustained circadian oscillations can originate from the interactions between NR and its substrate, nitrate, without the need to postulate the existence of an endogenous circadian clock.


Land-cover and land-use change, and especially tropical deforestation, have emerged as serious global concerns over the past several decades, and for good reason. Alternations in the vegetative cover of the earth are implicated in environmental problems ranging from local to global scale (Ojima, Galvin, and Turner 1994), and nowhere are these problems more severe than in the tropics. The peasant farmer who notices that the dry season is growing longer each year and the environmental activist who worries about the loss of global biodiversity are both concerned in their own ways with tropical deforestation. Unfortunately, ongoing processes of forest loss in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Amazon basin offer little hope that over the short run we can stem this pernicious form of environmental change. The scientific community has responded to tropical deforestation and land cover change more generally, and much research now addresses the topic. Indeed, the literature has exploded in the past decade, and land-cover and land-use studies practically constitute a discipline in their own right, with international programs and networks of scholars who cross interdisciplinary boundaries and are innovating new research methods and even paradigms (Lambin et al. 2001). One consequence of all this activity is that the review literature is massing (Kaimowitz and Angelsen 1998; Geist and Lambin 2001; Lambin et al. 2001; Irwin and Geoghegan 2001; Geist and Lambin 2002), and special issues addressing the topic are growing in number (e.g., Ecological Economics 1996; Agriculture, Ecosystems, and the Environment 2001; Land Economics 2001; Urban Ecosystems 2002). Thus, this special issue of International Regional Science Review contributes to a growing wealth of academic literature. That the International Regional Science Review has chosen to address landcover and land-use change is appropriate, given the strengths and topical interest areas of regional science. What field can boast of a theory of agricultural land use and a discourse on the spatial implications of regional development, which independently or taken together provide frameworks of great potential utility for attacking the issue? Be this as it may, it could be said that the discipline as a whole has reacted somewhat slowly to research questions related to land-cover and land-use change, despite their wide publicity and social relevance. Is this attributable to an INTERNATIONAL REGIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW 27, 3: 243–246 (July 2004)


Conditions that affect the conformation of poly(β-benzyl L-aspartate) in films have been studied. A slow transition from the left-handed to the right-handed α-helical form is observed under certain conditions in half-dried film cast from chloroform solutions and after exposure of amorphous films of the left-handed β-helical form to chloroform vapor. This transition is caused by adsorption of moisture. Thermal transitions of these films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The right-handed α-helices change to left-handed ω-helices around 140°C, and sharp exothermic peak is observed in this region for some films.


Abstract In this study, an airborne radioactivity survey (ARS) system based on an unmanned helicopter platform was designed to satisfy the requirements of geological exploration and environmental radiation monitoring under complex environmental conditions. The system is composed of an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, airborne equipment, and a ground control station, with both NaI(Tl) and CeBr3 crystals as detectors to meet the energy resolution and detection efficiency requirements of airborne radioactivity measurement. The designed ARS system is stable and reliable through the field flight test, and the measurement results are consistent with the existing data and can be widely used in fields such as large-scale uranium resource exploration, nuclear accident emergency monitoring, and environmental radiation investigation.


Determining models from observations and studying the models' properties is essentially the functionality of science. Models attempt to link observations into some pattern. System identification is the art of building mathematical models of dynamic systems based on observed data from the systems. This paper presents a system identification methodology that can be utilized to derive the classic HVDC plant transfer functions. The model development and verification was performed using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. The calculated results illustrated excellent response matching with the system results. The derived HVDC plant transfer functions can be utilized to perform small signal stability studies of HVDC-HVAC interactions and its use can also be extended to facilitate the analytical design of HVDC control systems.


Introduction In 1905 David Griffiths of the U.S.D.A. began a study of the potential value of the genus Opuntia as a forage crop. Over the next eleven years he traveled throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico on a motorcycle collecting and conducting a survey. In addition to the nearly 6000 specimens Dr. Griffiths collected, he kept a photographic record of his collections. This photographic record includes pictures of the habitat of some of the specimens as well as the uses the local people made of the cacti. There are also several photos of specimens, seeds, and machinery associated with the cultivation of the opuntias. These photos make up the glass plate negative collection now housed in the Archives of the Smithsonian Institution. During the course of his studies Dr. Griffiths cultivated specimens at three botanical gardens (SAG = San Antonio Gardens, San Antonio, Texas; PIG = Plant Introduction Gardens, Chico, California; STG = Southern Texas Gardens, Brownsville, Texas). The idea behind using the three gardens was to cultivate the same species in the three different geographical areas and see how much variation could be explained by habitat differences and thereby allow him to identify "truly unique species." Unfortunately this process only served to add to the number of species published as the specimens expressed growth differently in the new localities. All the cultivated individuals were given new collection numbers and therefore, Griffiths' numbers are somewhat confusing. We have been unable to locate his field books for clarification. In 1916 Dr. Griffiths was given a new assignment ending his study of Opuntia. The entire collection of glass negatives was then housed in the basement of the Department of Agriculture building until November of 1935 when it was transferred to the U.S. National Herbarium (US) at the Smithsonian Institution, under the care of W. R. Maxon. The collection stayed in storage until 1956 when most of it was sent on loan to Lyman Benson (Pomona College) for his studies in the Cactaceae. This part of the collection remained at Pomona for almost 30 years. The eight boxes that remained at US were stored in various places and eventually moved to the basement of the National Museum of Natural History. During this time a number of the negatives were broken. In 1981 the boxes were retrieved from the basement and examined. Shortly thereafter we began cataloguing them and transferring them to acid free envelopes. This task was completed in 1982. About the time we finished with the eight boxes the loans to Benson (now at Rancho Santa Anna Botanical Garden) were returned. These also had to be catalogued and transferred to new envelopes. Altogether it took four years and five volunteers and interns to catalogue the approximately 2300 negatives. A number of the negatives are missing and several are broken beyond printability. Also, the emulsion is beginning to peel off of some of the plates and a complete set of prints should perhaps be made now before more negatives reach the state where they cannot be printed at all. Some prints are already in the herbarium but at this time we do not know which negatives have been printed and which ones have not.


An argument is the product that is produced as a result of the discussion to support a claim. Argumentation is a reasoning process in which arguments are generated by using claims, data and reasoning components. Argumentation-based learning is an effective approach that can be used to discuss ideas on sociological issues, and is particularly effective in teaching semi-structured problems, such as sociological issues. Social studies are the process of forming a bond based on proofs via social reality and getting dynamic information as a result. The aim of this study is to determine the place of argumentation-based learning in social studies teaching. Whether or not the argumentation-based learning approach is applied in social studies teaching constitutes the research problem. According to the data obtained from this study, it is thought that argumentation-based learning approach can be applied in social studies teaching. In this study, one of the qualitative research methods used in the document analysis method was used.


Back matter pages come after the papers or chapters in a published work. This back matter contains design and performance summary tables.


Abstract Partial sequences of the cytochrome b gene (740 bp) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the mitochondrial DNA were used to examine inter-and intraspecific relationships among nine species of bagrid catfishes (family Bagridae) in Japan and Korea. Several opinions have been expressed regarding the kinship among Japanese and Korean bagrid catfishes, based on external morphological similarities. Almost all of them, however, were rejected by the current data sets. For instance, it has been considered that the Korean species, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus and P. fulvidraco, were closely-related to P. ichikawai and P. nudiceps, respectively, found in Japan. Resulting trees indicated that P. ichikawai branched off separately from all of the remaining Pseudobagrus species. Similarly, P. nudiceps and P. fulvidraco were represented by distantly separated branches. The intraspecific genetic divergence of bagrid catfishes was relatively small, even among geographically distant populations.


Adolescent reproductive health problems are an international problem. Circumstances that occur in Indonesia, young women are more afraid of social risks such as virginity loss, extramarital pregnancies that will be a source of public gossip compared to sexual risk, which concerns reproductive health and sexual health. This study aims to collect and analyze articles relating to the development of reproductive health models based on needs, needs, schools, culture and family as an effort to prevent pregnancy in adolescents. The method used is literature review, articles are collected using search engines such as EBSCO, Sciencedirect, googlesholar. The criteria for the articles used are those published in 1995-2018. Based on the results that the reproductive health situation of young women is a problem behind the still high maternal and infant mortality rates. This condition is exacerbated by other factors such as early marriage, early pregnancy, STIs, HIV and AIDS and non-communicable diseases such as breast and cervical cancer, abortion, premarital sex, nutrition and others. Exposure of adolescent girls to reproductive health from the social environment about health education through adolescent approaches involving peers, BK teachers, family or parents, health workers and stakeholders. Information about reproductive health issues, besides being important to be known by health care providers, decision makers, is also important for stakeholders, so that they can help reduce reproductive health problems for young women.


In this paper,the konjac gum about it's the characteristic of physics and chemistry,healthcare function and methods of modification was introduced.And the application of konjac gum was also outlined in food industry.


The current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) also recommends that all healthcare personnel receive an influenza vaccination each year (Grohskopf et al., 2014). Even with these strong ACIP recommendations, when the influenza vaccine is not mandated by state regulations or the HHC or hospice organization's policies, vaccination rates among healthcare personnel are low. The benefits of influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel on patient outcomes and reduced absenteeism have been well documented, but national influenza vaccination coverage remains low. There has been controversy surrounding the evidence that influenza vaccination for healthcare personnel reduces morbidity and mortality among patients. Ahmed et al. conducted a systematic review of randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies published through June 2012 to ascertain the effect of influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel on mortality, hospitalization, and influenza cases in patients of healthcare facilities. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, the quality of the evidence for the effect of healthcare personnel vaccination on mortality and influenza cases in patients was moderate and low, respectively. The evidence quality for the effect of healthcare personnel vaccination on patient hospitalization was low (Ahmed et al., 2014). In an Internet panel survey analyzed by the CDC, of the health care disciplines that declined the influenza vaccine, aides had the lowest influenza vaccination rate (CDC, 2014). Keep in mind that home health aides also have prolonged physical contact with the home care patient (when providing personal care assistance) and are the lowest paid, with the lowest education levels. As with all HHC and hospice clinicians, promoting the importance of influenza vaccination is key. However, this influenza season pay special attention to the home health aides to help raise their overall influenza vaccination rates. Transmission of the influenza virus can be by large-particle respiratory droplets when in close contact with a person (which may be projected outwards of 3 feet, even during normal talking), and through contact with contaminated surfaces. If the HHC or hospice clinician is not immunized against influenza, he or she can transmit the influenza virus to both the patient and their environment. A nonimmunized HHC or hospice clinician is most likely to transmit the influenza virus if he or she had patient contact in the 24 hours before becoming symptomatic with influenza, or up to 5 to 7 days after being sick. The HHC or hospice clinician can unknowingly put the home care patient, their coworkers, and families at risk. A HHC Influenza Vaccination as a Component of an Influenza Prevention and Control Bundle


A new method is introduced for generating electromagnetic waves. In this proposed method, a permanent magnet is used as a flux source and its stored magnetic energy is then modulated by altering the reluctance of the surrounding material through time-varying electric current. This approach uses the nonlinear B-H curve of magnetic material to saturate and desaturate the magnet's surrounding environment resulting in a time-varying magnetic field.


The exploding market of portable electronic appliances has fuelled the demand for complex integrated systems that can be run by light weight batteries with long shelf life. But as technology continued to scale, leakage power has proven to be a dominant source of power dissipation. Looking beyond the Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistor, this paper presents an unexplored alternative-the Nanorelay that can potentially eradicate the foreseen crisis in the IC era. By using modern CMOS processes the relay can get a microscopic makeover which can lead to further advances in power reduction as these devices posses "green–switch" properties like zero leakage current, infinite sub-threshold slope and temperature resilient behavior and are hence ideal candidates for ultra low-power (ULP) chips that can run of scavenged energy from light, acoustic vibrations or ambient RF signals and primarily for realizing programmable switches in FPGAs. Power consumption is a key issue in the design of portable systems such as smart cards, pacemakers and defibrillators that posses critical functionality. These systems rely on embedded batteries as their source of power which has limited life. Increased power consumption leads to increased battery size and an increase in product size and weight. Henceforth, methods of reducing power is explored and incorporated.


The tricritical Ising model perturbed by the subleading energy operator was known to be an integrable scattering theory of massive kinks,14 and in fact it preserves supersymmetry. We consider here the model defined on the half-plane with a boundary and compute the associated factorizable boundary S matrix. The conformal boundary conditions of this model are identified and the corresponding S matrices are found. We also show how some of these S matrices can be perturbed and generate "flows" between different boundary conditions.


Restoration of one of the oldest churches in La Serena, declared as National Monument, began with a restoration study to diagnose damages in the building, indicating the corresponding intervention criteria for its renovation. Since 1991 and supported by different funds, diverse parts of the work has been reconstructed and restored, until finishing in its present state, whose cult-cultural role rescues its value based on three specific objectives: to exhibit the regional religious heritage; to establish a regional spot for Information and archives; and finally, to give a sustainable use to the recovered religious patrimony.


Primary care providers commonly obtain spine ultrasounds for neonates with simple sacral dimples due to perceived concerns about underlying spinal dysraphism, despite a lack of scientific evidence. Nine papers addressing routine spine ultrasounds for children with sacral dimples showed that 3.4% of the 5166 patients had abnormal spine ultrasounds, compared with the 4.8% reported by another study for children without sacral dimples. Most of the abnormal findings in patients with sacral dimples were of no clinical significance.


ABSTRACT A modified three-layer model was applied to model particle-fluid mixture flow in a horizontal pipe, the viscoelastic properties of carrier polymer solution were taken into consideration, and the Deborah number was used to calculate solid-fluid friction factor. An energy equation was applied to determine temperature distribution of carrier fluid along a horizontal pipe to accurately represent the rheological properties of carrier fluid. During the transport process, particles quickly settle out of carrier fluid and accumulate on pipe bottom forming a particle bed, so a particle bed load flow is observed. The transport mechanisms of particles in moving particle bed are govern by fluidization, which causes the height of this layer to be small and equal to 2∼5 times of particle diameter. In addition, the pressure drop is composed of solid-fluid and solid-solid friction loss, which dominate the hydrodynamic performance at different stages. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Forages grown in rotation with or without cereals to sustain dryland soil water content and crop production may influence N dynamics. We evaluated the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and durum (Triticum turgidum L.)-annual forage cropping sequences on above- (stems + leaves) and belowground (roots) biomass N, dryland soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH 4 -N, and NO 3 -N contents at the 0- to 120-cm depth in northeastern Montana from 2002 to 2005. Cropping sequences were continuous alfalfa (CA), durum-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hay (D-B), durum-foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) hay (D-M), durum-Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.)/barley mixture hay (D-P/B), and durum-fallow (D-F). From 2002 to 2005, total above- and belowground biomass N was 20 to 97 kg N ha ―1 greater under CA than other treatments. In 2005, STN, PON, and PNM were 7 to 490 kg N ha ―1 greater under CA than D-M, D-B, and D-P/B at 0 to 30 cm but varied by treatment at other depths. In contrast, MBN at 0 to 15 cm and NH 4 -N content at 30 to 90 cm were 23 to 37 kg N ha ―1 greater under D-B than D-M and D-F. The NO 3 -N content at 0 to 120 cm was 65 to 107 kg N ha ―1 greater under D-P/B than other treatments. Even though haying removed a greater amount of N, alfalfa increased surface soil N storage and mineralization and reduced the potential for N leaching compared with durum-annual forages, probably due to increased root growth or N 2 fixation. Durum-pea/barley hay, however, increased N mineralization and availability in subsoil layers, probably due to greater root N concentration or downward movement of water-soluble N.


2 experiments evaluated whether young children understand that kinship implies, but does not guarantee, physical resemblance among family members. In Experiment 1, preschoolers expected adopted babies to share physical properties, but not beliefs and preferences, with their biological parents rather than with their adoptive ones. However, preschoolers in Experiment 2 recognized that shared properties per se do not guarantee kinship: a baby who looks like and lives with a woman is not her biological baby if he or she initially grew inside someone else, whereas a baby may neither resemble nor live with its biological parents. Overall, the results suggest that children expect parents and offspring to share physical properties, but understand that shared properties do not necessarily entail kinship. In both experiments, the extent of this understanding increased with age. However, preschoolers' overall performance supports the claim that some children at this age have a naive theory of biology. The results further suggest that the critical development in an understanding of kinship is acquisition of factual knowledge rather than structural change.


Since initial reports regarding the impact of motion artifact on measures of functional connectivity, there has been a proliferation of confound regression methods to limit its impact. However, recent techniques have not been systematically evaluated using consistent outcome measures. Here, we provide a systematic evaluation of 12 commonly used confound regression methods in 193 young adults. Specifically, we compare methods according to three benchmarks, including the residual relationship between motion and connectivity, distance-dependent effects of motion on connectivity, and additional degrees of freedom lost in confound regression. Our results delineate two clear trade-offs among methods. First, methods that include global signal regression minimize the relationship between connectivity and motion, but unmask distance-dependent artifact. In contrast, censoring methods mitigate both motion artifact and distance-dependence, but use additional degrees of freedom. Taken together, these results emphasize the heterogeneous efficacy of proposed methods, and suggest that different confound regression strategies may be appropriate in the context of specific scientific goals.


This paper highlights the need for ecodesign to innovate. It argues that most current activity views ecodesign as a "corrective" activity and is closely tied to the lifecycle principles. In terms of improvements, this approach generally, deals with the incremental rather than the innovative, and tends to view ecodesign as a strictly technical problem to be dealt with through materials and processes, and "engineered out". Though useful, LCA (life cycle assessment) is essentially reactive, while there is an increasing need to be proactive in our ecodesign approach. Using experiences for the eco-kitchen project, this paper demonstrates how to consider "environment" as early as possible, and illustrates how we can focus and stimulate ecodesign innovation.


Based on five different species of barley, the foot layer analytic method was used to examine the activity and heat-resistance of the limiting dextrinase. The study was conducted on the dynamic changes of several types of the dextrinase in barley germinating process, the effect of temperature on the dextrinase and the divergence of dextrinase in different barley variety. The probability of the dextrinase that as reference index is used for screening and evaluating beer barley was discussed. The importance of dextrinase in brewing and its significant function was also discussed.


In the twenty-first century knowledge is increasingly being viewed as a consumable, a commodity; a product to be traded locally and in the world market to expand
business and increase profit margins. Individuals, too, have come to be viewed as
commodities - indicated by the term `human resources'. This article addresses the
implications of this perspective, arguing that pedagogy (and what it means to be
educated) should be viewed from a critical thinking perspective to stem the veritable
tsunami of `common sense' ideologies that underpin the view that tertiary
institutions are powerhouses of delivery of the type of product that can be used
to sustain an insatiable world economy, particularly since the demands on South
African education to heed this rhetoric are intensifying.


Diffusive shock acceleration in supernovae can accelerate particles to very-high energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV). HB3 is a supernova remnant (SNR) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope in 2016 with 6 years of data, adjacent to the south-eastern part of the giant HII complex W3. The low energy 𝛾 -ray emission of both systems shows a clear signature of proton acceleration. Here we use a significantly larger dataset of 14 years of data with the improved P8R3 instrument response functions to perform a precise morphological study of the SNR and W3 above 1 GeV using multi-wavelength data in the X-ray and radio bands. This allows us to derive the spectra of both systems above 100 MeV. In this presentation, we will review the consequences of this precise analysis providing new constraints on the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in this region.


Producing usable documentation has always been a tedious task, and even communicating important knowledge about a system among collaborators is difficult. This paper describes an approach to creating documentation in the form of guides, which encapsulate passive information about important tasks along with active steps to be followed. The approach is concern-based, and introduces active steps into traditionally passive concerns. A developer can begin by creating a concern that identifies elements of importance in the context of a task, which, we believe, is easier and more natural than trying to formulate a process up front. S/he can then easily create a guide to the task based on this concern, and export it. Other developers can follow the guide, and, as they do so, their results are recorded as examples for future reference. As an early step towards validation, we created a guide for the complex task of creating an Eclipse editor.


The fermented composition and a cosmetic composition of the invention contains at least one of rice bran, legumes and fermented water and the peptide obtained by the peptides derived from fermentation by the Bacillus subtilis, and vitamin A acids. In addition, the production method of the invention includes a mixing step of mixing at least one of the peptides obtained by fermentation and fermentation by the rice and legumes in Bacillus subtilis-derived peptide and vitamin A acids. Fermented compositions, cosmetic compositions


Abstract In this work, a comparison between different region-based and feature-based techniques used to estimate the motion of an underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is performed. In what respects region-based detectors, the article compares a previously analyzed template correlation technique with Maximally stable extremal regions (MSER). In previous works, the template correlation method proved to be the best (both in robustness to noise and computational time) when compared with several feature detectors (and descriptors) namely Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Center Surround Extrema (CenSurE), Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST), Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) and Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB). Therefore, the need of comparing it with other region-based detectors arises. Nonetheless, previously untested detectors are now tested combined with BRIEF descriptors due to the good results obtained with BRIEF descriptors in previous works. All the algorithms are implemented in the same free open source library in order to achieve a fair benchmarking, in particular in terms of computational cost. The same experimental data set tested previously is used now in order to allow a relative comparison between these approaches as well as with previous approaches. The qualitative results show that MSER is unsuitable for this application while quantitative results proved that a combination of BRIEF descriptors and a variation of the CenSurE detector is faster and as robust to noise as template correlation. This is an important result as many techniques have been tested so far and all were always slower than template correlation.


The topic of what skills and qualifications are required of special collections librarians has come up in numerous places in past months, including in an Association of Research Libraries (ARL) White Paper released in November 2004 and at the most recent (June 2005) Rare Books and Manuscripts (RBMS) Preconference in St. Louis. Not coincidentally, it also was the focus of a roundtable session at the April 2005 Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) National Meeting in Minneapolis. This article summarizes the discussion at the latter event and points out how several themes have been recurring in other contexts. Those . . .


Electrodynamics is an important theoretical course in physics and relevant subjects.The construction of the network teaching platform in electrodynamics can efficiently facilitate teaching.The openness and interactiveness of the network teaching platform provide convenience for the students'individualized study,and its being collaborative and targeted allows students to communicate with each other through the platform,cover the shortage in their studies,and effectively improve the review.Combined with the actual teaching,the author presents some strategies of constructing network teaching platform in electrodynamics after the in-depth analysis of the teaching content of the course.Meanwhile,the author points out the required qualities of the full-time teachers in the construction of the platform.The combination of the construction of both the platform and the course,and the combination of conducting teaching activities both online and in class play apositive role in improving the teaching quality of the course.


Abstract : This report serves as the annual report for the period beginning July 1, 1996 for the project entitled "A Mouse Model for the Cloning of a Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutated in Sporadic Breast Cancer. This report states the experimental progress made and proposes a modification of an original specific aim. This modification serves to facilitate the speed of the research and substantially reduces the numbers of mice to be used in the study.


A high-reliability servo control platform based on the ARM microprocessor and FPGA is discussed in this paper. The ARM-based overall design ideas of the platform and the hardware circuit design are described in detail. The software structures and the realization of the secondary development method of the platform are briefly introduced, and the reliability design idea of the platform is proposed. This platform has the characteristics of high reliability, low power consumption, high real-time and secondary development. Ten milliseconds closed-loop high-speed processing is realized by using the embedded real-time operating system uC/ OS-Ⅱ.


The morphological structure of any language is directly related to the study of word composition and word structure. And the definition of the morphological structure of a language is the definition of the properties, internal meanings, and main features of a language in comparison with other languages. It is also closely related to the study of the modern synchronic structure of the language and the morphonematic features of its historical development. Morphemes as building materials of our language.The roots and bases in it, the derived words and other language units, form a subsystem. The morphological system is a collection of many grammatical categories, persons who are in opposition to each other. This means that the study of morphology on earth is the study of the basis, the construction of a language system. The article will focus on the historical development of morphological personalities in the works of Professor Marhabbat Tomanov.


Hollow glass fibers for delivery of mid-infrared lasers are drawn from a glass-tube preform to produce a long and flexible hollow fiber at low cost. To utilize the interference effect of the thin glass wall, the wall thickness is controlled by the drawing speed. A Pyrex-glass hollow fiber with an inner diameter of 280 micron and a wall thickness of 9.92 micron shows a low loss at 2.94 micron of the Er:YAG laser wavelength when coated with a silver film on the outer surface.


The design optimization of crane metallic structures is of great significance in reducing their weight and cost. Although it is known that uncertainties in the loads, geometry, dimensions, and materials of crane metallic structures are inherent and inevitable and that deterministic structural optimization can lead to an unreliable structure in practical applications, little amount of research on these factors has been reported. This paper considers a sensitivity analysis of uncertain variables and constructs a reliability-based design optimization model of an overhead traveling crane metallic structure. An advanced first-order second-moment method is used to calculate the reliability indices of probabilistic constraints at each design point. An effective ant colony optimization with a mutation local search is developed to achieve the global optimal solution. By applying our reliability-based design optimization to a realistic crane structure, we demonstrate that, compared with the practical design and the deterministic design optimization, the proposed method could find the lighter structure weight while satisfying the deterministic and probabilistic stress, deflection, and stiffness constraints and is therefore both feasible and effective.


With the development of the diversified economic union, the power grid enterprises' auxiliary industries are continuing to grow and develop faster. However, in the process of development, power grid enterprises are still faced with the problem of low efficiency of the management of main and auxiliary and resource allocation and utilization. Thus, the synergistic development evaluation for power grid enterprises' main and auxiliary industries has a strong practical significance. It can help the managers to find the short board of each industry and search for the exploration direction for improvement to promote the sustainable development of the main and auxiliary industries comprehensively. It can also provide the reference for improving the management level of power grid enterprises. Information fusion technology, as a process of information processing for decision making, can make use of multi-source information synergistically to get a more objective and more essential understanding of the same thing or the same goal. It has been applied to many fields in a mature way. Based on the characteristics of each industry, this paper constructs a synergistic effect evaluation index system of the main and auxiliary industries from the aspects of management foundation, resource integration, operational efficiency and effectiveness. The variable precision fuzzy rough set (VPFRS) is introduced to screen the index system, eliminate redundant indexes, retain key indexes and improve the efficiency and accuracy of evaluation effectively. Meanwhile, based on the characteristic of dealing with the imprecise problem of the vague set, this paper establishes the evaluation model based on information fusion technology of the variable precision fuzzy rough set and vague set (VPFRS-Vague). In order to verify the validity of the model, five typical companies belonging to power grid enterprises are selected as examples for analysis to prove the validity and applicability of the evaluation method.


Thin films of Y3A150i2: Eu (YAG) were spin coated on different substrates from SOIS. The precursor solution was made from organic precursors by combining stoich~ometric ratios of Y(II1) iso-propoxide, Al(tri See-butoxide) and Eu(III) acetyl acetonate. Sol-gel derived thin films and powders are non-crystalline. Powder samples calcined at 650°C for 5 h show the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern for the YAG phase. Similarly, the thin film samples annealed at 600°C for 5 h also show YAG phase in the XRD. The emission spectra were measured for both the powder and thin-film samples. Scanning electron microscopy for the powder samples show that the particles are reasonably crystallized with a particle size of 5 pm. The spectral response and out gassing characteristic of the new, low voltage YAG thin films mainly used for application in the field emission flat panel displays are also measured. The cathodoluminescent materials were tested with electron beam excitation at currents of up to 50 uA within the 30004000 V range (medium voltage range). The spectral coordinates with minimal optimization as compared with industrially manufactured P22 phosphors at low voltage operation are reasonable. Keyworrls: Thin films; YAG; Garnets; Phosphors; Sol-gel and display materials


The mesoscale numerical model WRF-ARW was used to simulate Bilis(2006) in a control experiment and two sensitivity experiments in which the effects of terrain and underlying surface factor were studied.The dynamic factors to form wave number-1 asymmetric rainfall structure of Bilis(2006) during its landfall were diagnosed.The results of the three experiments were analyzed comprehensively to show that the influence of environmental vertical wind shear on wave number-1 asymmetric rainfall structure of Bilis was significantly more important than the terrain,change of underlying surface properties during landfall,and storm speeds.On the other hand,the intrusion of cold air also played an important role in forming local rainfall.Heavy rainfall formed in downshear left quadrant under the effects of vertical wind shear,while heavy precipitation appeared in downshear direction and downshear right quadrants due to vertical shear and the intrusion of modest cold air.


Background and Objective: The dengue disease has become growing menace in the public health concern due to its re-emergence in tropical and subtropical regions. To understand the epidemiology and spatial distribution, a retrospective surveillance study was conducted in Mysore district of Karnataka and India for the year 2013 to 2018. Methods: A comprehensive data about dengue infection, prevalence, transmission and severity in 8 taluks of Mysore district of Karnataka and 35 states of India were mapped through Arc/Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Spatial statistical analysis was performed to identify hot spots and cold spots of dengue disease. Similarly, inverse distance weight (IDW), a spatial autocorrelation tool was also applied to understand the endemicity patterns in the study area. Results: The analysis revealed that Mysore district and India had an increased rate of re-emerging dengue cases during the year 2017 and 2018. The use of GIS software revealed the number of incidences, high and low clustered areas, hotspot and cold spot locations of the registered dengue cases. The IDW tool was used to identify the disease intensity in Mysore district and India. Mysore city stood highest in the district and the lowest clustered area was found to be HD Kote in 2018. Karnataka (17018) stood the third-highest and Arunachal Pradesh (15) stood lowest clustered area in India during 2017. The spatial autocorrelation was projected in the geographical space. Based on the disease, registered case intensity the taluks were characterized into high, average and low endemic areas. Conclusion: The study indicated that socio-economic and socio-cultural variables are highly correlated with the prevalence of Dengue. This visualization approach, IDW-GIS helps the public health officials to identify the zones of disease endemics in executing real-time decisions for preventive and precautionary strategies to control the prevalence of "Dengue-the vector-borne" disease effectively.


Further analysis of the response–nonresponse data presented by Freedman (1986) shows evidence of a nonresponse bias. Covariates can be useful in comparing respondents with nonrespondents; however, we argue that they were not effective in this case. Follow-up sampling would provide stronger evidence concerning the similarity of the two groups.


In this study, we develop a fully distributed routing protocol for OFDMA-based multihop broadband wireless access (BWA) networks such as those of IEEE 802.16j. We refer to this protocol as the DCLRRA protocol. DCLRRA is based on autonomous resource allocation schemes that we also derive in this paper. The routing protocol's selection of the proper resource allocation scheme is based on whether the relay stations (RSs) are nomadic or stationary. While we develop the autonomous resource allocation schemes, we exploit the multi-user capabilities of the OFDMA physical layer. This allows simultaneous data transmission sessions within the same neighborhood while offering a total elimination of interference between transmitting nodes. The direct result of this strategy is increased throughput with high utilization of the communication channel. We examine our routing technique to show its performance merits through extensive simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.