Currently, 1464 species of Curculionid beetles (Nemonychydae – 1, Anthribidae – 76, Rhynchitidae – 78, Attelabidae – 28, Brentidae – 131 and Curculionidae – 1150) are recorded from Siberia and the Russian Far East. Forty species are found in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 84 species in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, 313 species in Tyumen Oblast, 182 species in Chelyabinsk Oblast, 129 species in Kurgan Oblast, 172 species in Omsk Oblast, 299 species in Tomsk Oblast, 439 species in Novosibirsk Oblast, 324 species in Kemerovo Oblast, 356 species in Altay Krai, 296 species in Altai Republic, 182 species in Krasnoyarsk Krai, 114 species in Republic of Khakassia, 244 species in Tyva Republic, 283 species in Irkutsk Oblast, 239 species in Buryatiya Republic, 286 species in Zabaikalskii Krai, 153 species in Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, 74 species in Far East: Kamchatka Oblast, 43 species in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, 105 species in Magadan Oblast, 325 species in Amur Oblast, 312 species in Khabarovsk Krai, 599 species in Primorsky Krai, 225 species in Sakhalin Is. and 218 species in Kuriles Isl. 112 species are excluded from the fauna of Siberia and the Russian Far East. New synonyms, Trichosmobodes L. Arnoldi, 1975, syn. nov. to Holomrasus Reitter, 1912, Notaris illibata Acta Biologica Sibirica 6: 437–549 (2020) doi: 10.3897/abs.6.e59314 https://abs.pensoft.net Copyright Andrei A. Legalov. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE 438   Andrei A. Legalov / Acta Biologica Sibirica 6: 437–549 (2020) Faust, 1882, syn. nov. to N. acridulus (Linnaeus, 1758), Larinus ruber Motschulsky, 1845, syn. nov. to L. impressus Gebler, 1829, Lixus maculatus Roelofs, 1873, syn. nov. to L. fasciculatus Boheman, 1835, Stephanocleonus jakovlevi Faust, 1893, syn. nov. and S. jenisseicus Ter-Minassian, 1978, syn. nov. to S. leucopterus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823), Curculio budjumkanensis Legalov, 2007, syn. nov. to C. betulae (Stephens, 1831), Curculio parasiticus Morimoto, 1962, syn. nov. to Archarius salicivorus (Paykull, 1792), Otiorhynchus buchtarmensis Bajtenov, 1977, syn. nov. and O. rhododendroni Bajtenov, 1977, syn. nov. to O. grandineus Germar, 1823, O. perplexus Gyllenhal, 1834, syn. nov. to O. obscurus Gyllenhal, 1834, Tanymecus argentatus Gyllenhal, 1840, syn. nov. to Megamecus bidentatus (Gebler, 1829), comb. nov. are established.


IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether expression of the multifunctional and adherens junction-regulating protein, annexin A2 (A2), is altered following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A secondary objective was to determine whether depletion of A2 is associated with post-CPB organ dysfunction in children. DESIGN: In a prospective, observational study conducted over a 1-year period in children undergoing cardiac surgery requiring CPB, we analyzed A2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at different time points. We then assessed the relationship of A2 expression with organ function at each time point in the early postoperative period. SETTING: Twenty-three-bed mixed PICU in a tertiary academic center. PARTICIPANTS: Patients 1 month to 18 years old undergoing cardiac surgery requiring CPB. MEAN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We analyzed A2 expression in 22 enrolled subjects (n = 9, 1–23 mo old; n = 13, 2–18 yr old) and found a proteolysis-mediated decline in intact A2 immediately after bypass (p = 0.0009), reaching a median of 4% of baseline at 6 hours after bypass (p < 0.0001), and recovery by postoperative day 1. The degree of A2 depletion immediately after bypass in 1–23-month-olds correlated strongly with the extent of organ dysfunction, as measured by PICU admission Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal (p = 0.004) and PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (p = 0.039) scores on postoperative day 1. A2 depletion immediately after bypass also correlated with more protracted requirement for both respiratory support (p = 0.007) and invasive ventilation (p = 0.013) in the 1–23-month-olds. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The degree of depletion of A2 following CPB correlates with more severe organ dysfunction, especially acute respiratory compromise in children under 2 years. These findings suggest that loss of A2 may contribute to pulmonary microvascular leak in young children following CPB.


The enhancement of heat transfer through carbon material is the objective of this study. The renowned class of carbon identified as single walled carbon nanotubes and multi walled carbon nanotubes, nanofluid-flow over a non-linear and unstable surface has been explored. The thermophysical properties of the two sorts of carbon nanotube have been implemented from the experimental outputs in the existent literature using engine oil as a base fluid. The viscous dissipation term has also been included in the energy equation improve the heat transfer rate. The thickness of the nanofluid thin layer is kept variable under the influence of the unstable and non-linear stretching of the disk. The elementary governing equations have been transformed into coupled non-linear differential equations. The problem solution is achieved through BVP 2.0 package of the optimal homotopy analysis method. The square residual error for the momentum and thermal boundary-layers up to the 20th order approximations have been obtained. The numerical ND-solve method has been used to validate the he optimal homotopy analysis method results. The impact of the model parameters vs. velocity field and temperature distribution have been shown through graphs and tables. The impact of the physical parameters on the temperature profile and velocity, pitch for both multi wall carbon nanotubes and single walled carbon nanotubes is gained in the range of 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 4%. From the obtained results it is observed that the single walled carbon nanotubes nanofluids are more efficient to improve the heat transfer phenomena as compared to the multi wall carbon nanotubes.


the gastrostomy opening and utilized as a guide for introducing a rubber tube and eventually a series of bougies of increasing size. By one or other of these mrethods dilatation has been successfully carried out in every case. It is noteworthy that one patient, who had been burnt with nitric acid, had a fistuila into the trachea and false passages in his oesophagus, the results of attempts at oesophagoscopic dilatation. Another patient, who had swallowed hydrochloric acid, had burnt the lower end of the oesophagus and also the pylorus, producing a stricture at each site. Yet another patient had had what appeared to be complete obliteration of his oesophagus for a period of 19 years. Patience is required in treating strictures of this nature by autodilatation, and the treatment must be continuied for several years, but the final result should be a complete return to normal. Ten patients have been treated in this way in the past 20 years.


The aim of this research was developing an interactive media for formative test to support productive subjects for the students who majoring Computer Systems Technology (Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan) in SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja. The research was conducted by using Research and Technology in education. The interactive media for formative test was applied in the subject Administrative Network System. The interactive media was designed by using Wondershare Quiz Creator, and it was also contained multimedia contents such as image, sound, and video and the final result was in the form of an exe file. This interactive media was examined using validation test with the following results: 1) according to this media expert, the interactive media was 87% qualified, 2) according to the material expert, this interactive media was 88% quailed, 3) according to the teacher, this interactive media was 93% effective, 4) accoding to the students from the pilot test, the media was 77% qualified and the students from the field test, the media was 87% qualified. Based on the results of the research, the interactive media for formative test can be applied to assist productive subjects for the students who majoring Computer Systems Technology in SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja as a highly qualified measurement device.


SUMMARY: The reception of Kant in the work of a number of Dutch natural scientists about 1800. The influence of German philosophy on scientific thinking at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century is an important chapter in the historiography of the sciences. At an early date there were in the Netherlands adherents of the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. In the journal of Paulus van Hemert, «Magazijn voor de critische wijsgeerte, en de geschiedenis van dezelve» (1799-1803) we find articles of a number of Kantian scientists. The chemist Jan Rudolph Deiman, the mathematician and philosopher Johann Frederik Lodewijk Schroder, the physicians Jacob Elisa Doornik and Willem Servaas, and the minister and philosopher Jacob Nieuwenhuis all defended the dynamical theory of matter of Kant. However, they did not gave further applications of it on the natural sciences and they confined themselves only to a reflection of the views of the Koningsberger philosopher. Prom the article it is evident that in the Netherlands Kant had but few influence on the study of the natural sciences about 1800.


THIS OPEN-ACCESS CONTENT MADE POSSIBLE BY THESE GENEROUS SPONSORS To cite this article: Howard M. Kravitz DO and MPH , Mary Lee Esty PhD , Robert S. Katz MD & Jan Fawcett MD (2006) Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome Using Low-Intensity Neurofeedback with the Flexyx Neurotherapy System: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Journal of Neurotherapy: Investigations in Neuromodulation, Neurofeedback and Applied Neuroscience, 10:2-3, 41-58


Tremendous efforts have been devoted to develop low-cost and highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we report the synthesis of mesoporous nickel oxide by the template method and its application in the title reaction. The as-prepared mesoporous NiO possesses a large surface area, uniform mesopores, and rich surface electrophilic Ni3+ and O− species. The overpotential of meso-NiO in alkaline medium is 132 mV at 10 mA cm−1 and 410 mV at 50 mA cm−1, which is much smaller than that of the other types of NiO samples. The improvement in the OER activity can be ascribed to the synergy of the large surface area and uniform mesopores for better mass transfer and high density of Ni3+ and O− species favoring the nucleophilic attack by OH− to form a NiOOH intermediate. The reaction process and the role of electrophilic Ni3+ and O− were discussed in detail. This results are more conducive to the electrochemical decomposition of water to produce hydrogen fuel as a clean and renewable energy.


The paper extends an earlier result of G.V. Kalachev and the au-thor (Sb. Math. 2019) on the existence of a maximizer of convolution operator acting between two Lebesgue spaces on R n with kernel from some L q , 1 < q < ∞ . In view of Lieb's result of 1983 about the existence of an extremizer for the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality it is natural to ask whether a convolution maximizer exists for any kernel from weak L q . The answer in the negative was given by Lieb in the above citation. In this paper we prove the existence of maximizers for kernels from a slightly more narrow class than weak L q , which contains all Lorentz spaces L q,s with q ≤ s < ∞ . 44A35, 41A44.


This paper revisits an earlier investigation on a leader-follower consensus problem [1] affected by multiple time delays. The new perspective is in the use of a novel analysis technique which provides exact, exhaustive and explicit stability margins in the domain of the time delay. This methodology resides within the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR) paradigm, which is applied after a block diagonalization of the system takes place. Further novelty is described in the first stage of CTCR. At this step, the determination of the potential stability switching curves is achieved utilizing the concept of Spectral Delay Space, SDS. Example cases are provided in order to show the effectiveness of this procedure, and its advantages with respect to the peer treatments.© 2012 ASME


When cureis no longera possibility, the acutecare settingis deemedinappropriate. Thisview is supported by manyhealthcareproviders,who lackthe timein an acutecaresettingto givesufficientattentionto thepsychosocialandspiritualneedsof dying patients.Onthe otherhand,homecareis not alwaysfeasiblebecauseof inadequatesupportsystemsor theneedforcarebeyond thescopeof expertiseof willing family members.Palliative carefills this gap. The goalsof palliativecareareto makethe last days ascomfortableaspossible.Attention is directedto pain relief, maintainingnutritional and respiratorystatus, hygieneneeds,andprovidingemotionalandspiritual support. Thispaperreportsthecaseof awomanwith terminal laryngealcancer,who requiredthe physical interventions associatedwith trachealsuctioning,paincontrol, andnasogastricfeeding, andreceivedbothacutecare andlater palliativecare. Our intent is to showthedifferencesbetweenthe two typesof treatment.


In the title compound, C9H14N2O3, the non-H atoms are approximately coplanar. The molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains that run along the b axis.


The correlation between signal attenuation and moisture absorption of the cable is studied,and a measurement method for cable moistureproof performance by using transmission attenuation is proposed.The orthogonal experiments are carried out,and the results and various affecting factors are discussed,so that the moistureproof measures for outer surface of the insulation wire are proposed.The experiments indicate that the optimum combination is A_2B_2C_2D_2,the obtained cells feature uniform,fine,and closed,and the finished cable with this foam insulation has less than 1% of attenuation increment even after wet-hot testing for 288 h.


products: biochemical mechanisms. J am Soc nephrol 2002; 13:2478–87. 8. Agarwal R, Campbell RC, Warnock DG. Oxidative stress in hypertension and chronic kidney disease: role of angiotensin II. Semin nephrol 2004; 24:101–14. 9. Onozato ML, Tojo A, Goto A, Fujita T, Wilcox CS. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase in rat diabetic nephropathy: effects of ACEI and ARB. Kidney Int 2002; 61:186–94. 10. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD. The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. n Engl J Med 1993; 329:1456–62. 11. The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia). Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. lancet 1997; 349(9069):1857–63. 12. Li PK, Chow KM, Wong TY, Leung CB, Szeto CC. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on residual renal function in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. A randomized, controlled study. ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 105–12. 13. Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Sugahara S, Okada H, Nakamoto H. Effects of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on residual renal function in patients on CAPD. am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43:1056–64. 14. Kolesnyk I, Noordzij M, Dekker FW, Boeschotten EW, Krediet RT. A positive effect of AII inhibitors on peritoneal membrane function in long-term PD patients. nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:272–7. 15. Fang W, Oreopoulos DG, Bargman JM. Use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and survival in patients on peritoneal dialysis. nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3704–10. 16. Strutz F, Muller GA. Transdifferentiation comes of age. nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1729–31. 17. Miyata T, Ueda Y, Asahi, Izuhara Y, Inagi R, Saito A, et al. Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of OPB-9195 [(+/-)-2-isopropylidene hydrazono-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5ylacetanilide] on advanced glycation end product and advanced lipoxidation end product formation. J am Soc nephrol 2000; 11:1719–25. 18. Miyata T, Ueda Y, Yamada, Izuhara Y, Wada T, Jadoul M, et al. Accumulation of carbonyls accelerates the formation of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product: carbonyl stress in uremia. J am Soc nephrol 1998; 9:2349–56. 19. Duman S, Günal AI, Sen S, Asci G, Ozkahya M, Terzioglu E, et al. Does enalapril prevent peritoneal fibrosis induced by hypertonic (3.86%) peritoneal dialysis solution? Perit Dial Int 2001; 21:219–24. 20. Duman S, Sen S, Duman C, Oreopoulos DG. Effect of valsartan versus lisinopril on peritoneal sclerosis in rats. Int J artif organs 2005; 28:156–63. 21. Nakao N, Yoshimura A, Morita H, Takada M, Kayano T, Ideura T. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. lancet 2003; 361:117–24. doi:10.3747/pdi.2010.00015


We develop algorithms for sparse X-ray computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction of objects with known contour, where the signal outside the contour is assumed to be zero. We first propose a constrained residual squared error minimization criterion that incorporates both the knowledge of the object's contour and signal sparsity in an appropriate transform domain. We then present convex relaxation and greedy approaches to approximately solving this minimization problem; our greedy mask iterative hard thresholding schemes guarantee monotonically non-increasing residual squared error. We also apply mask minimum norm (mask MN) and least squares (mask LS) methods that ignore signal sparsity and solve the residual squared error minimization problem that imposes only the object contour constraint. We compare the proposed schemes with existing large-scale sparse signal reconstruction methods via numerical simulations and demonstrate that, by exploiting both the object contour information in the underlying ima...


This study aims to study the relationship between entrepreneurship educations and entrepreneurial intentions among Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) at Faculty Technology Management and Technopreneurship. The questionnaire distributed to all the students in city campus. Data will collects from 149 respondents through questionnaires used by previous researchers using regression analysis and correlation analysis. The research Design has based on a hypothetical framework, the independent variable of entrepreneurship education, including entrepreneurship curriculum, teaching methodologies and university's roles in promoting entrepreneurship, to test the dependent variable of entrepreneurial intentions. Four hypotheses were developed namely; entrepreneurship educations entrepreneurship curriculum, teaching methodologies, universities roles focus to test the entrepreneurial intentions of the UTeM students. Final questionnaires were distributed to students in UTeM from Faculty Technology Management and Technopreneurship. Last but list, the result from the research show the positive relationship between teaching methodologies and universities roles with the dependents variable are entrepreneurial intentions among UTeM students. Besides that, the result show negative relationship entrepreneurship curriculum with entrepreneurial intentions.


With the increasing demand for microprocessor core operating frequencies, debugging post silicon synchronization (or speed) failures is a critical time consuming post silicon debug activity. Inability to complete the isolation of all possible speed failures on time, forces companies to go to market with products that run at a lower frequency than their upper frequency limits. This might cause revenue losses or lead to loss of market segment shares. Laser-Assisted Device Alternation (LADA) machines are the main vehicle for debugging post silicon speed failures at Intel. Operating such expensive machines consumes a substantial portion of the overall post silicon debug effort. Moreover, with the increasing complexity of manufacturing processes, these machines need to be renewed from one process generation to the next, which increases the product cost. This paper describes a novel method, based on formal technology, which brings a productivity breakthrough in isolating post-silicon speed failures. We demonstrate that in many cases optical probing using LADA can be fully replaced by our approach.


14C-labeled Azindoyle (MBC-MIC), the methyl isocyanate homologue of benomyl, was found to exhibit more systemic movement than benomyl in herbaceous plants. Of the total radioactivity applied to the leaf surface, the movement was mainly toward the growing tips, with some sign of downward movement. On broad beans the percentage of translocated activities were 31.5 and 12.0% of that applied for Azindoyle and benomyl, respectively. Both Azindoyle and benomyl were relatively stable at the site of application, and after 48 h, the percentages of intact parent compound were 47.5 and 52.2% for Azindoyle and benomyl, respectively. However, after 48 h, the percentage of parent compound at the translocated site was lower than that at the site of application, at 6.8 and 3.8% for Azindoyle and benomyl, respectively. Keywords: Azindoyle; benomyl; benomyl homologues; systemic movement; radioautographs


Calpains are calcium‐dependent proteases and play critical roles in neuronal autophagy induced by inflammation. Propofol has been reported to exert anti‐inflammatory effects in neurons. We aimed to identify whether and how propofol‐modulated calpain activity and neuron autophagy in response to tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Mouse hippocampal neurons were pre‐treated with propofol and exposed to TNF‐α. Autophagy was evaluated by fluorescent autophagy assay and by measuring LC3I and LC3II expression. Intracellular calcium concentration was measured by fluorescent assay. Calpain activation was measured by calpain activity assay. The protein expression of intracellular signalling molecules was detected by Western blot analysis. Compared with untreated control neurons, 40 ng/mL TNF‐α treatment for 2 hours induced neuron autophagy, which was attenuated by 25 μmol/L propofol. TNF‐α induced intracellular calcium accumulation, the phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CAMK II) and calpain‐2, calpain activation and lysosomal cathepsin B release as well as tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) truncation. These effects were alleviated by propofol, calcium chelator, CAMK II inhibitor, calpain‐2 inhibitor, calpain‐2 siRNA transfection and N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Propofol, via NMDA receptor, inhibited TNF‐α‐mediated hippocampal neuron autophagy. The mechanism may involve calcium and calcium‐dependent signalling pathway, especially CAMK II and calpain‐2.


We investigated electrical and optical properties and chemical states of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin films deposited at different substrate temperatures (from room temperature to 300°C). a-IGZO thin films were fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using In2O3 : Ga2O3 : ZnO = 1 : 1 : 1 target, and their electrical and optical properties and chemical states were investigated by Hall-measurement, UV-visible spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The data showed that as substrate temperature increased, carrier concentration increased, but mobility, conductivity, transmittance in the shorter wavelength region (>350 nm), and the Tauc-plot-estimated optical bandgap decreased. XPS data indicated that the intensity of In 3d peak compared to Ga 3d peak increased but the intensity of Zn 3d peak compared to Ga 3d decreased, and that, from the deconvoluted O 1s peak, defects or oxygen vacancies and non-quaternary contents increased as the temperature increased. The relative intensity changes of the In, Zn, and O 1s sub-component are suggested to explain the changes in electrical and optical properties.


1. Conventional treatment of subjunctive. In Spanish grammar textbooks, the treatment of the subjunctive is frequently divided into three sections dealing with noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses, respectively. The student is usually presented with a separate rule for each clause type. In some textbooks, adverb clauses are further divided into two subclassifications: one type introduced by conjunctions which always take the subjunctive (e.g. para que, sin que) or the indicative (e.g. puesto que, ya que), and another type introduced by conjunctions which can take either depending upon the meaning of the sentence (e.g. donde, cuando).' There are two problems which arise from this approach: first, the student must learn three (or more) sets of rules, and second, he must learn to distinguish noun, adverb, and adjective clauses before he can apply them. Analyses of compound sentences which have been proposed recently within the transformational framework suggest that some of the complexity mentioned above is unnecessary. Specifically, it has been suggested that the adverb clause as a separate category does not exist at all and that some clauses with adverbial functions can be analyzed as adjective clauses, others as noun clauses. This paper will present a sketch of this analysis and its consequences for the presentation of the subjunctive 2. Adverb clauses as adjective clauses. I have argued that clauses introduced by donde, como, and cuando should be considered modified versions of relative clauses having antecedents such as lugar, modo, and tiempo. In my analysis the sentence (1) El libro estd donde lo pusiste is derived from (2) El libro estd en el lugar donde lo pusiste by deletion of the antecedent lugar. Sentence (2) is in turn derived from (3) El libro estdi en el lugar en que lo pusiste by rules which optionally substitute relative adverbs for relative pronouns in sentences of this type.2 Thus the clauses in (1) and (2) are viewed as having an essentially adjectival function, modifying the noun lugar, whether it is actually present, as in (2), or merely understood as in (1).


In a nonattendant substation that has operated for less than one year, more or less erosion has occurred on the surfaces of all copper materials. The reasons for corrosion were analyzed by experiments, and the solution to the systematic reconstruction is presented as a reference for solving practical problems.


The reaction mechanism of Ti adsorbed on the MgO(001) surface has been investigated using coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS) and reflection high energy electron diffraction. It is found that Ti is incorporated into at least four layers of the surface through the substitutional sites of the Mg ions even at room temperature. The diffusion of Ti occurs without disorder of the MgO lattice. After 1270 K annealing, the Ti atoms, existing in the outermost layer, form a 2×2 superstructure, where no protrusion or submergence of the substituting Ti occurs from the original MgO surface. The MgO surface with the incorporated Ti ions does not suffer the charging problems during the measurement of CAICISS. This is due to the emergence of electric conduction at the surface which is confirmed in situ by a 2-pin method.


In this work, by functionalizing MoS_2 quantum dot with 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid, a novel multifunctional quantum dot (denoted as B-MoS_2 QD) was obtained and used successfully for a fluorescence nanoprobe for detecting o-dihydroxybenzene ( o -DHB). Transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrum, UV-vis spectrum and fluorescence lifetime were used to investigate the prepared nanoprobe. The results show that the B-MoS_2 QD nanoprobe can exhibit strong fluorescence and excellent light fastness owing to the coupled effect from the MoS_2 QDs and boronic acid; interestingly, the vicinal diols structure from its surface can bridge covalently with o -DHB, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of B-MoS_2 QDs and selective recognition toward o -DHB. With the increasing of o -DHB concentration, the nanoprobe fluorescence would gradually decrease. By measuring the fluorescence intensity of B-MoS_2 QDs, a wide linear range from 0.1 to 200.0 μM with a low detection limit of 0.025 μM was obtained for o -DHB analysis; meanwhile, this fluorescence nanoprobe possesses excellent selectivity for the selective detection of o -DHB from its analogues.


Scholars have been concerned with studying gender variations and their implications on various measures of entrepreneurial performance (Gupta et al., 2009). As gender effects cannot always provide substantial meaning of a particular phenomenon (Ahl, 2006) this paper studies entrepreneurship from a social cognitive perspective and inductively explores differences and commonalities across gender. Entrepreneurship is a driver of economic growth however scarce are the articles tackling the Middle East region (Naguib and Jamali, 2015). In-depth interviews are conducted with 30 Lebanese entrepreneurs to understand the social factors which influence entrepreneurial aspirations in this particular context. Results reveal that entrepreneurship is bound to self-efficacy beliefs, which are the produce of stereotyping effects and social expectations of men and women, of educational practices, of occupational systems and socialisation experiences. The authors propose learning models, which advance knowledge and bring practical contributions to education and training fields to create more conducive environments for entrepreneurship.


Some network equipments made in Korea were exposed to severe earthquake in Japan several years ago. More than a hundred slim base transfer network stations had been seized with the severe earthquake at Nigata and it was reported that less than fifteen sets showed blackout by interruption of electricity, not by the structural failure. The purpose of this paper is to check the structural safety of the network equipments by performing table test, and the static and dynamic finite element analysis. For the dynamic test, the station weighing 200 kg was subjected to the Zone 3 earthquake loading of GR-63-CORE on the shaking table to obtain the dynamic responses to compare with the analysis results. It is shown that the FE analysis results are a little bit larger than that of the experimental values. And the sensitivity analysis and optimization for the natural frequency is performed and it is found that the first natural frequency is sensitive to small design change as shown in the results. And the dynamic response of optimized design is less than the original design.


Page 3837 and Supporting Information, pages S1 and S2. The absolute configurations of α-hydroxyphosphonates 4 were assigned incorrectly. The actual configurations are determined to be R. We assigned the absolute configuration of 4 (R = Ph) to be S on the basis of the comparison of the HPLC retention time obtained using chiral column Daicel Chiralpak AD-H (hexane/IPA) to that reported in the literature, while we consistently used Chiralpak AS-H to determine the enantiomeric excesses of 4. However, we found that the optical rotation of 4 (R = Ph) is opposite to the literature value for the (S)-isomer. The correction above does not affect the conclusion of the original article. We are grateful to Dr. Luis Simoń and Prof. Robert S. Paton for their insights.


Benefiting from area and power efficiency, memristors enable the development of neural network analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to break through the limitations of conventional ADCs. Although some memristive ADC (mADC) architectures have been proposed recently, the current research is still at an early stage, which is mainly on the simulation and requires numerous target labels to train the synapse weights. In this paper, we propose a pipelined Hopfield neural network mADC architecture and experimentally demonstrate that such mADC has the capability of self-adaptive weight tuning. The proposed training algorithm is an unsupervised method originated from the random weight change (RWC) algorithm, which is modified to reduce the complexity of error feedback circuit to make it more hardware friendly. The synapse matrix could be adapted to the 1T1R crossbar array. For an 8-bit two-stage pipelined mADC, the proposed architecture in the simulation could achieve 7.69 fJ/conv FOM, 7.90 ENOB, 0.1 LSB INL, and 0.1 LSB DNL. And the experimental performance only achieves 1.56 pJ/conv FOM, 7.59 ENOB, 0.21 LSB INL, and 0.29 LSB DNL, which is mainly limited by the comparator's switching time.


Security with respect to the operator as an adversary is considered for processors supporting unbounded general purpose homomorphic encrypted computation. An efficient machine code architecture is defined for those platforms and it is proved that user programs expressed in it are cryptographically obfuscated, guaranteeing privacy though they, their traces and (encrypted) data are visible to the operator. It is proved that encrypted user data cannot be deciphered by the operator, nor may programs be altered to give an intended result. A compiler is defined and it is proved that any recompilation produces uniformly distributed random variations in runtime data, supporting cryptographic obfuscation.


Measurements of line widths of polycrystalline garnets as a function of frequency and temperature are reported. The variation of these parameters allows the uniform precessional mode to move above the k = 0 upper limit of the spin wave manifold so that this mode is no longer degenerate with the low k value spin wave states. When this occurs the line width undergoes a radical change, since these low k states can no longer take place in the relaxation process. When the uniform precession is thus "outside" the manifold, the behavior of the line width should be attributed to the theory of Clogston, Suhl, Walker, and Anderson. When the uniform precession is "inside"the manifold, the behavior is best described by the theory of Schlomann.It is believed that the measurements reported indicate convincingly the utility of the spin wave analysis of ferromagnetic relaxation.


Experimental scoliosis was produced in the rabbit by unilateral electrical stimulation of the paravertebral muscles. The scoliosis was shown to be structural and progressive even after stimulation was stopped. The biochemical and histochemical changes in the intervertebral discs were studied.


A large number of asthmatic patients, particularly females, present inadequate disease control. Depressive symptoms are reportedly common in asthma and have been related to poor disease control, but the mechanism of this association is still unclear.


Language is at the centre of education and the right language will certainly make for optimal achievement in learning. This paper argues that using the mother tongue or the language of the immediate environment in which the child is comfortable with will build a solid entrepreneurial foundation. The use of the language of the child's immediate environment will give the child a solid entrepreneurial foundation before such a child is introduced to a foreign language, which is alien to him. As a nation committed to unity in diversity, there is no better way than the government recognizing the major and minor languages and developing them equally. In this way, multilingualism could become an asset for our country as well as a source of cultural and social enrichment .


A cow was presented with a history of sudden fall in the barren land with frothy salivation near Veterinary Dispensary, Sayalkudi, Ramanathapuram District. Field examination revealed that the cow consumed sorghum which was sown 20 days before. Intravenous administration of Sodium thiosulfate @ 660mg/Kg with one litre of normal saline and intravenous fluids resulted uneventful recovery of cow.


Large segments of the world population use combustible cigarettes, and our society pays a high price for smoking, through increased healthcare expenditures, morbidity and mortality. The development of combustible cigarette smoking requires the initiation of smoking and a subsequent chain of behavioral transitions from experimental use, to established regular use, to the conversion to addiction. Each transition is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors, and our increasing knowledge about genetic contributions to smoking behaviors opens new potential interventions. The large-scale implementation of genetic knowledge to accelerate smoking cessation represents an important clinical challenge for precision medicine. IMPLICATIONSClinical medicine of the future is poised to use an individual's genomic data to predict disease risk and guide clinical care. The treatment of cigarette smoking and tobacco use disorder represents a prime area for genomics implementation. We must prepare for the integration of genomic applications into the clinical care of patients who smoke.


Although the association of in situ carcinoma and pointed condylomas of the anus is unfrequent, their etiopathogenetic similarities require the same diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The treatment is based on surgical exeresis, the only technique that provides reliable histological findings, ensures healing and does not interfere with subsequent surveillance.


Let $a, w_1, w_2,\cdot\cdot\cdot, w_r>0$ and $s \in \mathbb{C}$. We put $w= (w_1,\cdot\cdot\cdot,w_r)$. Then the Barnes $r$-ple zeta function is defined by $\zeta_r(s, w, a) = \sum_{m_1=0}^{\infty} \cdot\cdot\cdot \sum_{m_r=0}^{\infty} 1/(a+m_1w_1+\cdot\cdot\cdot +m_rw_r)^s$ when $\sigma := \Re(s)>r$. In this paper, we show that the Barnes double zeta function $\zeta_2(\sigma, w, a)$ has real zeros in the interval $(1,2)$ if and only if $0<a<(w_1+w_2)/2$ and the number of such zero is precisely one if $0<a<(w_1+w_2)/2$.


Human health is the most important ingredient for a nation's progress, prosperity and well-been but unfortunately it has not been accorded its due priority. Therefore, when going to deal with the water of Lahore, it was considered essential to probe and find out the state of its quality. The main objective of this article is to highlight microbial contamination of drinking water in the selected localities of Lahore. Furthermore, this study will be helpful for researchers and administrative agencies to initiate relevant studies and develop new policies to protect further deterioration of water supply with pathogenic microbes and ensure clean and safe drinking water to the public in Pakistan. Five localities were selected from Lahore for the study, namely Lahore Cantonment Board (LCB) Walton Cantonment Board (WCB), Gulberg, Defense Housing Authority (DHA) and Model Town Society (MTS). These localities have their own tube wells for the supply of water to their residents. To measure the quality of tap water, samples were taken from 2 tube-wells in each locality at different intervals, tested in a water testing Lab for chemical and microbial contamination. The results were compared with the WHO standards and averaged out. MTS and LCB have too numerous to count total coli forms. WCB and Gulberg are higher, in Arsenic content. Gulberg is touching the maximum level of iron content, followed by DHA.


Event-B and the Rodin tool use a number of simple techniques that make the modelling method around them effective in practical applications. We present two of these techniques, anticipation and witnesses. It is interesting how a couple of very simple techniques are so important for the method to work. Finally we propose a small enhancement of Event-B that would extend the use of witnesses.


Image segmentation, a fundamental task in computer vision, has been widely used in recent years in many fields. Dealing with the graph cut optimization problem obtains the image segmentation results. In this study, a novel algorithm with weighted graphs was constructed to solve the image segmentation problem through minimization of an energy function. A binary vector of the segmentation label was defined to describe both the foreground and the background of an image. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, four various types of images were used to construct a series of experiments. Experimental results indicate that compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm can effectively promote the quality of image segmentation under three performance evaluation metrics, namely, misclassification error rate, rate of the number of background pixels, and the ratio of the number of wrongly classified foreground pixels.


on account of illness. Consistent with the letter and spirit of the sentence, the lines should be rendered: "Not being availed of [a chance to wield] the writing brush/ Is really no disgrace to 'masters of ink' (i.e., literary men)." Translations of poetry may differ widely in wording, but would not the translation in the Fascicle, giving "Literature" for tzu-mo, convey just the wrong idea, as if the father were chiding the sons by hinting that "Literature" could do just as well without them at the examinations? What is most curious is that from this incomprehensible "translation" a lexical meaning should have been taken. Many of the oversights may perhaps be blamed on haste and smallness of staff. But, as we have indicated, other disappointing features involve lexical principles, form and scope. We must think of this worthy dictionary project through its eighteen years of history as a whole, the first-rate talent engaged on it, and the extent of the labor which has been contributed to it. In some of the earlier editorial schemes, particularly the 1942 Specimen Articles, where "rigorous form" was strongly emphasized, we see that an entirely different approach was once considered. The amorphous quality of the Fascicle is itself a revealing commentary on the increasingly heavy multilateral burden of sinology today. The compilers seem to have attempted to approach tzu from three directions at the same time—first, in the manner of a bilingual dictionary; second, in that of an encyclopedia sinica; and finally, in the spirit of H. L. Mencken's American Language. As we progress in Chinese studies beyond mere surface scratching, and gain greater realization of the richness of Chinese culture, the greater our need is for all three approaches. To have attempted the three together, with a small staff, is heroic. The severity of some of this reviewer's criticism is matched only by his sincere appreciation of the difficulty of the task, and his good wishes for these distinguished scholars at Harvard.


For the first time in a very long time, a new polysaccharide is reported in plants. [Roberts et al. (2018)][1] discovered an arabinoglucan in the moss Physcomitrella patens . This discovery came about not as a result of biochemical characterization of the moss cell wall, but rather as a targeted


Compressive load carrying capability of thin walled stiffened composite panels, which are among the most utilized structural elements in engineering, are highly sensitive to geometric imperfections. Therefore, their imperfections must be accounted for during the design of the panels. Existing analysis codes can predict the nonlinear postbuckling behavior of a structure with specified imperfections. However, precise definition of the geometric imperfection profile of a nonexistent composite panel early in the design is practicalIy impossible. This is due to the variety of uncertainties that are involved in the manufacturing of these panels. This paper introduces a new design methodology that uses a manufacturing model and a convex model for uncertainties in conjunction with a nonlinear finite element design tool to obtain a more realistic, better performing final designs. Two important ingredients of this approach are that: a) the approach uses a rigorous model or the uncertainties in the panel profile and b) it accounts for the relation between the imperfection profile and the design variables (e.g., ply orientation and the number of plies) through the use of a manufacturing model. The paper shows that the new design method yields designs with much higher failure loads than those obtained by using a current design approach, which uses an empirical model of uncertainties. for the perfect structure, yields an estimated lower bound of the limit load for the imperfect panel. Knockdown factors are often adopted as the lower bound of the buckling loads obtained experimentally for a range of distinct structures, materials and -manufacturing processes. Such an approach has several drawbacks. The knockdown factors needed to be updated periodically to include new experimental results. Furthermore, this approach cannot differentiate between panels produced by rough manufacturing procedures (and, therefore, have low limit loads associated them) from those produced by more refined techniques (and hence carry at larger loads). This implies that the panel designs with low initial imperfeclions produced by refined manufacluring approaches may be overly conservative. More importantly, variations in the manufacturing process may yield panels that will be incapable of carrying the design load.


Studies have documented the protective effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) against 5 diseases: 1) OCs prevent 50-75% of potential cases of benign breast disease; there is an estimated annual reduction of 235 hospitalized cases for every 100,000 U.S. women using OCs or about 20,000 hospitalizations each year. 2)OCs reduce the occurrence of retention cysts of the ovary; an estimated 3000 surgical procedures for ovarian cysts are prevented each year in the U.S. 3) OC users have approximately 45% less iron-deficiency anemia than nonusers due to less menstrual flow. 4) OCs protect against the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 600 of every 100,000 OC users are prevented from contracting a 1st episode of PID and 156 PID hospitalizations are averted for every 100,000 OC users annually. 5) OCs protect against ectopic pregnancy; approximately 120 hospitalizations/100,000 users are prevented annually. 3 additional diseases may be prevented by OCs, although the evidence is not as conclusive as for the 5 previously discussed; OC users are only 1/2 as likely to develop: 1) rheumatoid arthritis, 2) endometrial cancer, and 3) ovarian cancer as nonusers. OCs have also been shown to reduce the incidence of such disorders as excessive menstrual bleeding, irregular menses, intermenstrual bleeding, painful menstruation, and premenstrual tension.


Several studies have found that in those countries where the wage structure is more egalitarian, the gender wage gap is lower. Also, a negative relationship between the level of collective bargaining centralization and the degree of wage inequality has been found: more centralised bargaining seems to lead to lower wage gaps. In this paper we study how the gender wage gap changes throughout the distribution of wages as a function of the level of collective bargaining by which workers are covered, using quantile regression estimation methods. Our main results indicate that women at the bottom of the wage distribution are subject to less discrimination when they are covered by sectoral (national or regional) agreements, while, at the upper part of the distribution, women under firm agreements suffer less discrimination. These results are consistent with the Median Voter Theorem: at the sectoral level, agreed wages are only minimum wages and unions seem to be more concerned about workers at the bottom of the distribution, so wage compression is more effective there. Hence, wage is close to agreed tariffs, resulting in a smaller wage differential and lower discriminatory component. On the other hand, when bargaining is conducted at the firm level, unions have a greater control over the contracts signed and the reduction in wage dispersion is more effective over the whole distribution. Therefore, differences in the discriminatory component are not so important.


Background Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) comprises both natural and unnatural causes of death. However, a few epidemiological surveys have investigated SUDI in Japan. Objective This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the recent trends of circumstances and risk factors of sleep-related SUDI cases. Methods Forensic pathology sections from eight universities participated in the selection of subjects from 2013 to 2018. Data obtained from the checklist form were analyzed based on information at postmortem. Results There were 259 SUDI cases consisting of 145 male infants and 114 female infants with a mean birth weight of 2888 ± 553 and 2750 ± 370 g, respectively. Deaths most frequently occurred among infants at 1 month of age (18%). According to population-based analyses, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of mother's age ≤19 years was 11.1 (6.9–17.7) compared with ages 30–39. The odds ratio for the fourth- and later born infants was 5.2 (3.4–7.9) compared with the frequency of first-born infants. The most frequent time of day for discovery was between 7 and 8 o'clock. Co-sleeping was recorded for 61%, and the prone position was found for 40% of cases at discovery. Mother's smoking habit exhibited an adds ratio of 4.5 (2.9–5.8). Conclusion This study confirmed the trends that have been observed for sudden infant death syndrome; particularly, very high odds ratios were evident for teenage mothers and later birth order in comparison with those in other developed countries. The child of a young mother tended to die within 2 months of age. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an extensive survey of sleep-related SUDI in Japan.


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Magnetic shape memory (MSM) material is a class of smart material that changes shape when it is exposed to a moderate magnetic field, which provides a new way to produce motion and force. The material has also another interesting property: the MSM material can change its magnetic property when it is subjected to external force, which is known as sensing characteristics of MSM material. In this paper, shape variation mechanism and performance of MSM material is introduced, a testing device which is used to measuring sensing characteristics of MSM material is presented. Experimental results show that the larger variation of magnetic flux density is caused when the MSM material is mechanically compressed in testing device. The variation of magnetic flux density depends on the geometrical and material parameters of the MSM element, as well as on its deformation rate. Potential application is proposed as a MSM force sensor.


New literatures in English mirror the identity of non-native writers who are eager to weave linguistic and thematic elements in English in divergence to the so-called Anglo English literature so that their nationality appearing in the characterization and various literary devices would contribute to the uniqueness of new varieties of English. This paper pays attention to an innovative facet of such linguistic components, particularly regarding syntax, which are manifested in the discipline of World Englishes. It aims to present particular types of syntactic innovations used in literary texts in English produced by Asian, African and Caribbean authors whose mother tongue is not English, through a range of previous studies. It appears that those authors mainly point out six types of syntactic creativity - literal translation, overgeneralization, omission, reduction, restructuring and progressive verb forms - to highlight their writings which reflect localization of the English language.


We report the magnetic susceptibility, thermopower, EPR, dc conductivity, and preliminary structural data for a new quasi-one-dimensional (1D) conductor ${\mathrm{TTT}}_{1.2}$Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, where TTT is tetrathiotetracene, and Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ is nickel bis-(ethylene-1,2-dithiolene). The structure consists of 1D chains of stacked TTT units separated by nonstacked Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions. Charge transfer between TTT and Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ creates Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions and a formal charge state +5/6 on the TTT units. The dc conductivity along the TTT chains is thermally activated and is \ensuremath{\sim} 30 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The magnetic susceptibility appears to be negligible on the TTT chains and Curie-Weiss-like on the unstacked Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions. The thermopower at high temperature is quite small (+ 1.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 \ensuremath{\mu}V/K) and almost temperature independent. We interpret the data in terms of a quasi-one-dimensional conductor which is distorted at all accessible temperatures. It is noteworthy that both the crystal field and the Peierls instability are expected to produce the required distortion in this system.


The demand for food production brings with it the increase of effluent generation, which represents a great problem for slaughterhouses, since effluents contain higher organic load, requiring adequate treatment to decrease environmental impacts. This study examines an alternative to solve this problem: the application of electrocoagulation in the treatment of anaerobic slaughterhouse and packing plant effluents, as this promising technique is both compact and robust. The removal of color, COD and turbidity was analyzed, and the operational cost was calculated. To optimize the process, the CCRD (central composite rotatable design) methodology was used with two independent variables: electric current density and electrolysis time, obtaining a complete factorial of 2² with 4 axial points and 4 repetitions at the central point. The most expressive removals were: 87%, 80% and 76% for color, COD and turbidity, respectively, the lower operational cost obtained was 0.12 US$.m-3. The statistical analysis allowed obtaining valid mathematical models for color removal and cost and, through the analysis of desirability, it was found that for current density of 8 mA.cm-2 and time of 20 minutes it is possible to maximize color removal (84%) and minimize the cost (0.21 US$.m-3).
Keywords: color, cost, COD, turbidity.


Waste streams are flows of specific waste, from its source through to recovery, recycling or disposal. Together they make up the overall waste treated in the European Union (4.6 tonnes per capita in 2012). Waste streams can be divided into two broad types: streams made of materials (such as metals or plastics) or streams made of certain products (such as electronic waste or end-of-life vehicles) which require specific treatment and ultimately feed into materials-related streams.


IN 1919, Pardee attempted to assess the daily maintenance requirements of digitalis.1 He administered digitalis to patients in small repetitive doses until toxicity occurred. Digitalis was then withheld for some days and the patients were again given digitalis until toxicity developed. He calculated that the amount required to achieve toxicity the second time minus that required the first time divided by the number of days was equal to the daily elimination of digitalis. Thus, a fixed daily rate of excretion was assumed in these calculations. However, in 1923, Gold2 demonstrated that animals did not eliminate a fixed quantity of digitalis in a unit of time, but rather excreted a fraction of the amount present. He then proceeded to confirm the lack of a fixed rate of excretion in man. In 1929, Gold and DeGraff3 stated "that digitalis cumulation tends to be a self-limiting process; that a given dose of digitalis may show evidence of cumulation at first and later cease to show cumulation when the same daily dose is continued.... In other words, as the quantity of digitalis in the body increases, the amount eliminated daily also increases until the quantity eliminated equals the daily dose; then further cumulation no longer occurs. The intensity of digitalis action present at the time that cumulation ceases depends on the size of


As a new generation of educational environments are designed and built, this design manual helps architects to grasp the underlying educational theories and how they can be realized in built form, so that the building fulfills its role as a 3-dimensional curriculum plan. It presents over 80 international case studies.


a good deal to be said against this view: 1. The patient was eleven months in hospital-that is, until nine months after the paraplegia became complete; and during this time careful examination by my colleagues and myself could never detect any disease of the spine. 2. It was not until three years after the onset of paralysis that spinal deformity occurred, but, having once begun, it developed very rapidly. 3. The appearances in the dura mater strongly oppose the idea that the disease extended from without inwards. In pachymeningitis secondary to spinal caries, the external surface of the dura mater is inflamed, is rough with nodular thickenings, is covered with newly-formed fibrous tissue, and becomes adherent to the bones, while the inner surface is normal. In my case it is exactly the reverse. The inner surface is affected, the outer normal. For all these reasons I have come to the conclusion that the primary lesion in this case was a tuberculous inflammation of the inner surface of the dura mater. Clhronic primary tuberculous inflammation of the inner surface of the spinal dura mater is an exceedingly rare disease. Gowers' says: " In the very rare chronic tuberculous meningitis, the inner surface of the dura mater is covered with a layer or layers of tubercles in various stages of development mingled with inflammatory products. The arachnoid may also contain degenerating tubereles, and the two membranes may be united together by the new formation." He gives one reference to a case described by Weiss, of Vienna. In Eulenberg's Real-Encyclopcedia, vol. xvii, p. 76, we redd: " Weiss describes a case of primary pachymeningitis interna tuberculosa. The dura was thickened; its inner surface was covered with a soft greyish-yellow granular layer. The arachnoid was tuberculous and was adherent to the dura." I have made an extensive search to find further references to this disease, but I have not succeeded in discovering any.


It has long been known that free trade is potentially (after lumpsum compensatory transfers) beneficial for each trading country if the autarkic and post‐compensation free‐trade equilibria are perfectly competitive, with market distortions limited to non‐negative taxes on imports and exports. However these conditions are merely sufficient. It can now be shown that, under alternative sufficient conditions, free trade is potentially beneficial to each trading country even in the context of public goods.


From three aspects of the construction process,the test run process and the application process respectively,this paper analyzes on the common problems of the urban water-supply pipeline and the causes of these problems,and puts forward some corresponding preventive measures.


In this paper, we propose a method for correcting image distortions occurring when digitizing thick documents. The method corrects geometrical distortion using the document shape acquired by stereo measurement. Moreover, it obtains a fine restoration result by combining the better detailed portions in a stereo image pair. In an experiment, we show the validity of the method by investigating character recognition accuracy. Keyword Stereo measurement, Document digitization, Restoration of distortion


We have calculated the rate coefficients for D(1s) + H+ ⇆ D+ + H(1s) using recently published theoretical cross sections. We present results for temperatures T from 1 K up to 2 × 105 K and provide fits to our data for use in plasma modeling. Our calculations are in good agreement with previously published rate coefficients for 25 ≤ T ≤ 300 K, which covers most of the limited range for which those results were given. Our new rate coefficients for T ≳ 100 K are significantly larger than the values most commonly used for modeling the chemistry of the early universe and of molecular clouds. This may have important implications for the predicted HD abundance in these environments. Using our results, we have modeled the ionization balance in high-redshift QSO absorbers. We find that the new rate coefficients decrease the inferred D/H ratio by ≲0.4%. This is a factor of ≳25 smaller than the current ≳10% uncertainties in QSO absorber D/H measurements.


Get beyond the basics with Excel 2007 macros

Now you can take your Excel skills to the next level with help from this hands-on guide. Excel 2007 Macros Made Easy shows you how to create, run, and revise macros to simplify repetitive tasks and store the instructions for complicated ones. You'll learn to use Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), add macros to the Excel toolbar, and share your macros with other users. Discover how easy it is to develop custom macros, save time, and boost productivity.

Record and edit macros
Create and debug macros in VBA
Save macros to the Personal Macro Workbook or other workbooks
Create VBA subroutines and functions
Develop interactive macros
Format cells using macros
Create variables and arrays
Apply logic to macros with If/Then/Else routines
Use loops to process data
Add controls to your worksheets

Table of contents
Introduction
Chapter 1. Recording Macros
Chapter 2. Editing Macros
Chapter 3. Creating Macros in Visual Basic
Chapter 4. Storing Macros
Chapter 5. Understanding Macro Commands
Chapter 6. Using Visual Basic Subroutines and Creating Functions
Chapter 7. Creating Interactive Macros
Chapter 8. Using Macros to Format Cells
Chapter 9. Using Variables in Macros
Chapter 10. Creating If/Then/Else Routines
Chapter 11. Exploring Loops
Chapter 12. Adding Controls to Your Worksheets
Index


In a diverse, complex age when information is easy to obtain, using a one-way instillation teaching method no longer motivates students to learn, or to obtain good teaching interactions and effective learning. This is especially true for aesthetic and creative learning, which cultivates diverse abilities by connecting the lesson to the students' experiences. This study's methods combine "Action Learning" (AL) with "Problem-Based learning" (PBL) to solve problems, and emphasizes learning-by-doing in a general education arts course. Through an eight-stage plan of action, students form groups and exert their collective creativity to create art. The researcher (teacher) takes on a guiding role by guiding students through collecting information, asking questions, participating in discussions, finding problems, solving the problems, reflecting, and revising until a viable program is created for collaborative practice. With "art representation" as the theme, the class begins with art appreciation and cycles through imitating representational art (AL), representing creative activities (PBL), and representing results (problem solving). Observations of the course, discussions between the students, and the process of art representation, reviews, specific reproduction, and quantitative and qualitative data collected from questionnaires show that students benefit from the course. The course helps the students to develop diverse abilities such as self-learning, communication, cultivation of aesthetics, creative thinking, problem solving, and collaboration, which allows them to gain a deeper understanding and the ability to re-interpret art. Overall, this art course helps students combine knowledge, feelings, and meanings, and become a "whole person," which is the objective of an arts education. Keywords: Creative learning, Action/problem-based learning, Art representation, Diverse abilities.


Recent years have seen a rapid shift in Western thought on a fundamental point: the relationship between the religious and the secular. The thesis that has underwritten intellectual life in the Wes...


Three phase PFC rectifier followed by a DC-DC isolated converter has been the industry workhorse for conversion of three phase AC to isolated DC output used for high power (> 3kW) telecom loads. In this paper a reduced device count nine-switch converter topology which integrates the two stages of a conventional three phase AC-DC power supply with an isolated DC output voltage for telecom applications is proposed. A novel modulation scheme using three separate 120° phase shifted high frequency carriers for the three legs of the proposed converter is developed to drive the switches. It is shown that such modulation scheme leads to interleaved operation of the three DC-DC resonant converters integrated within the proposed topology resulting in low output DC voltage ripple. Proposed converter with the modulation scheme is validated using simulation results. A scaled-down laboratory set-up was also built and the experimental results are presented as a proof of concept.


Reforms in the Kenyan water sector entrenched the aspect of commercialization, which subjected water services to market forces and necessitated establishment of autonomous public utilities, such as Homa Bay Water and Sewerage Company Limited, to improve cost recovery, efficiency and sustainability. This study focused on how commercialization, as an aspect of the reforms, influenced the utility's financial sustainability. A cross-sectional design, with mixed methods approach, guided the study. Primary data were sourced in mid 2017, from water officers, water users and water committee members. Quantitative techniques included cross-tabulation with Chi square statistic, Relative Importance Index and Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance. The results show that compliance of procurement activities to relevant legislations was the most important aspect influencing the utility's financial sustainability (relative weight = 0.838); followed by effectiveness of internal audit in enforcing expenditure policies (relative weight = 0.825); and relevance of activities on which water revenues were spent (relative weight = 0.812). The analysis obtained a strong and significant concordance of respondents' views regarding relationship between financial management practices and the utility's financial sustainability (Kendall's W= 0.862, x2= 64.491, df = 4 & p-value = 0.000). Consequently, ensuring that procurement activities are strictly guided by procurement laws is important for preventing irregularities and minimizing loss of financial resources; while strengthening capacity of the internal audit department and enhancing its independence, are crucial antecedents for the utility's financial sustainability.


This paper provides a qualitative and quantitative overview of the FDI inflows in the CEE countries in general with a particular attention to the Republic of Croatia. Providing the FDI statistics of Croatia compared to other transitional economies, macroeconomic specifics of the country as well as the lack of transparency and the rule of law in the regulatory and institutional framework, the guiding objective of this paper is to delineate a potential agenda for further reforms. Namely, in not particularly attractive business environment for foreign investors, the prospects of Croatia fo not seem alluring. This is particularly true taking into consideration that involvement of Croatia into European integration processes and signing new agreements on free trade, as well as a removal of administrative bariers are the time consuming process. In addition, the political stabilization and the removal of legal insecurity demand not only declarative but practical enforcement.


We describe the complete real polynomial vector fields of a Euclidean disc and we construct a contractive linear projection of a real JB∗-triple onto a 2dimensional subspace with Euclidean norm such that the projected triple product violates the Jordan identity.


This thesis presents expi2java, an extensible code generator for security protocols. We use a variant of Spi calculus [AG99] for the protocol specifications and complement it with an expressive type system that is designed to reject inconsistent protocols. This type system features subtyping and parametric polymorphism. It is able to handle the types of nested terms, specialized channels and even low-level term configurations. Expi2java is highly customizable, easily extensible and generates interoperable Java code. We show the flexibility of our approach by generating an implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.


The geometric properties of vector sequence spaces with variable basic sequence of subspaces, including H-property, convexity, Radon-Nikodym property and differentiability of convex functions, are characterized in this parper.


Publicly funded therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) relies on percentage predicted values from pulmonary function testing, for example Australian patients must have a forced vital capacity ≥50% (%FVC), transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide ≥ 30% (%TLco) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC ratio > 0.7. Despite defined cut‐off values, no jurisdiction prescribes a reference equation for use; multiple equations exist. We hypothesized that access to subsidized treatment varies depending on the chosen equation. The %FVC and %TLco from different commonly used reference equations across general respiratory patients, and IPF‐specific patients, were compared.


Relatively few studies have investigated the role of language in exposing ideology in society. As asserted by Huckin (1997), whenever language is studied, one should not forget to include the society and the context where language exists. This study aims to explore the ways in which forms of language, from individual words to complete discourse structures, encode something of the beliefs and values held by the language users, particularly the ideology on power in society. The study examines 40 blogs of freshman students of Mindanao State University—Iligan Institute of Technology and analyzes them using the three Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methods: transitivity, presuppositions, and deixis. The results reveal that the 40 blogs of the respondents follow the recurring presentation-opinion pattern. Using the three CDA methods, the ideology on power consists of fifteen types which are reflected in the 40 blogs. These types of power are manifested through the roles they play in the sentences. Using transitivity and thematic role method, the powerful entities function as agents. In the presupposition, the ones assumed as dominant and influential by the bloggers are considered powerful forces. Using deixis, the place, time, and person frequently referred to are the ones regarded as powerful. The results of the study suggest that indeed language encode, shape and maintain ideology in society that proves the assertion that language and power always go together. On the basis of the results of this study, the following recommendations are presented to future researchers: (1) that other methods of critical discourse analysis be used to determine the ideology on power revealed in the blogs of professionals such as teachers, lawyers, businessmen and others; and (2) that social networking sites be considered for critical discourse analysis.


The invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature and the humidity of hard liquor making yeast rooms in a hard liquor making yeast fermenting process. The method comprises the following steps of detecting the temperature and the humidity of at least one hard liquor making yeast room by using a temperature and humidity sensor; transmitting detecting data to a background to be analyzed; comparing an analyzed numerical value curve and a standard curve; performing prompt if the temperature and the humidity of the hard liquor making yeast rooms exceed a temperature and humidity threshold value range; and adjusting the temperature and the humidity by using temperature and humidity control equipment. By the method, the temperature data and the humidity data of the hard liquor making yeast rooms are automatically acquired, transmitted, analyzed and compared in the hard liquor making yeast fermenting process, the completeness and the accuracy of the data are greatly improved, potential safety hazards on personnel are reduced, and the method has an obvious guiding effect on wine making and producing, and has an effect of automatically regulating and controlling the temperature and the humidity of the hard liquor making yeast rooms.


Cybercrime is a threat to even the smallest of practices, here are six ways to prevent criminals from accessing your patients' data.


Adjectives are often identified via notional or even translational criteria in sign language research, which reflects a lack of formal criteria for identifying this part of speech in the field. This paper presents the results of a guided production task investigating the conservative hypothesis that ASL has a small, closed adjective class consisting only of terms for dimension, age, value, and color. Evidence from the syntactic distribution of these core properties compared to non-core properties will be presented to refute the initial hypothesis and show that ASL has an open adjective class. Its members are characterized by their ability to occur as prenominal modifiers without function-indicating morphosyntax. The semantic distinction between core and peripheral adjectives is nonetheless reflected in a significant preference for core adjectives to be used as modifiers rather than as sentential predicates. Postnominal property signs are analyzed as (in most cases) reduced relative clauses. I further suggest that prototypically verbal signs can be used as prenominal modifiers when they are embedded in reduced relative clauses.


It makes sense, to a sociologist, that photographic and video technologies are social tools. Krista Thompson meditates on this fact in Shine: The Visual Economy of Light in African Diasporic Aesthetic Practice. Across a range of case studies, she investigates themes of light and visibility in, variously, street photography and backdrops, dancehall video, making an 'entrance' at prom, and fine art painting and portraiture.


Although the literature on volunteering and wellbeing among older adults is extensive, it tends to focus on this relationship within spaces of formal volunteering, such as non-profit organisations. However, informal volunteering and other forms of civic engagement may also promote improved
 wellbeing outcomes for this age group; likewise, these behaviours may be linked to the practice of formal volunteering with an organisation. Drawing on data from the Delaware subsample of the Successful Aging Survey, this article examines whether differences in volunteer engagement influence
 the relationship between volunteering and wellbeing outcomes among older adults.


Neuron is the basic entity that transmits and process information through generated action potential or spikes in neuromorphic systems. In real scenario there is no fixed threshold in the cortical neuron but it varies for every neuron. In this work, the neuron with threshold modulation capability is implemented in analog VLSI using CMOS technology. The proposed neuron circuit generated time varying threshold voltage that applies to neuron input. The circuit is capable of generating a variety of different spiking patterns with diversity similar to that of real biological neuron cell. The paper describes how threshold modulation is achieved besides operation of the circuit. Simulation results of different patterns are presented along with threshold modulation to the circuit as well as power analysis for each pattern. The circuit is implemented in 0.18μm technology in Cadence Design Environment. The neuron circuit is efficient to be used in microcircuits as it consumes low power.


ticed "disaster citizenship," "a new form of citizenship for a new era of governance" (20). As Remes shows, however, such alternative visions of citizenship did not go uncontested. Tensions arose between working-class disaster survivors and the middleand upper-class individuals who endeavored to assist them, due in large part to their competing perceptions of order and disorder. Economic elites and government authorities, guided by a "progressive ideology of disaster relief" (13), saw technocratic approaches to disaster assistance, designed and administered by professional relief experts, as critical to restoring and preserving social order. Yet in privileging such a relief system, Remes argues, authorities failed to recognize the material and emotional importance of everyday forms of solidarity to working-class disaster survivors. Unable to comprehend the spontaneous post-disaster order that survivors constructed—one based on informal, local ties—elites perceived working-class responses to the crises as amateurish; irrational; and above all, disorderly. Such competing visions of disaster relief led to confrontations between the providers and recipients of disaster relief. Such conflicts over aid were inherently political, for they put the growing power of the welfare state in direct conflict with survivors' desires to maintain their own agency.While Remes bases his interpretations on events in Progressive Era Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, he also contends that similar themes and conflicts resonate in the wake of many other catastrophes, including those in our own time. By extending his analysis beyond early twentieth-century Salem and Halifax, his book makes a useful theoretical contribution to disaster studies more broadly. While Remes adds much to the scholarship on disasters and labor history, he also provides valuable insights on the transnational history of the United States and Canada. Focusing on an overlooked borderlands region of North America, Remes calls attention to the many intimate connections that linked Massachusetts and Nova Scotia. Working-class migrants traveled extensively between the two areas, creating "ties of literal and figurative kinship" (194). When disaster struck, monetary and material aid flowed along these preexisting networks, as solidarity crossed national boundaries. At the same time, middleand upper-class U.S. and Canadian authorities exchanged ideas about disaster relief, while professional disaster experts and institutions offered their knowledge and resources on both sides of the border. In analyzing these various connections, Remes makes a persuasive case for studying U.S. and Canadian history in concert. In sum, Disaster Citizenship is an impressive first book. Perhaps its most poignant message, though, is that disasters are not simply unmitigated tragedies; for survivors, they can also represent opportunities for social progress, "moments of empathy and solidarity that can take on political meaning" (199). Although Salemites and Haligonians may not have sung "Solidarity Forever" in response to the unbelievable devastation they experienced, its lyrics—and one line, in particular—surely would have resonated with them: "Now we stand outcast and starving midst the wonders we have made / But the union makes us strong."


Summary The lengths of intervals between estrual periods were studied in a herd which consisted of six sire lines of breeding and in which four systems of mating were practiced. The distribution and mean lengths of 766 estrual cycles and 191 return intervals from 221 heifers differed significantly (P An analysis of variance showed estrual-cycle length in heifers to be affected significantly by the season of birth and the system of mating. The summer- and spring-born heifers had the longest cycles, 25.0 and 25.2 days, whereas the winter- and fall-born had cycles averaging 22.2 and 20.9 days, respectively. Daughters of inbred dams had the longest mean cycle lengths, 24.9 days for the outbred daughters and 25.6 days for the inbred; daughters of outbred dams averaged 20.6 for those that were outbred and 22.2 for those that were inbred. An analysis of variance of the first estrual-cycle length following calving in outbred and inbred cows showed a significant interaction of sire line and system of mating. Repeatability estimates of the first estrual-cycle length following calving from one calving interval to another of 0.11 (P


Abstract : The classification model proposed by Howard, Ballas and Burgy (1978) assumes that each category in a classification task is represented by an abstract prototype. Neumann (1977) argues that the evidence for prototype representations can be explained by the indeterminancy of examplar attributes. A test of these two models would require that attribute indeterminancy be measured. In a classification task, attribute indeterminancy can lead to overlapping category boundaries. In turn, this results in confusions, which can then be a measure of indeterminancy. An aural classification experiment was conducted where listeners classified sixteen amplitude-modulated noise patterns into one of four, four-examplar categories. Results of a post training recognition test indicated that an unexperienced prototype was rated as familiar, but this effect was reduced with increased practice with the category examplars. Neither the prototype nor Neumann's model was supported unequivocally. Classification results did demonstrate that the classification model is applicable to four examplar categories defined in two dimensions. (Author)


In this paper, the localization issue for LiFi users is studied. Due to the nonlinear dependency of received visible light strength on user geometric location parameters, LiFi localization is a non-convex problem and hence it is of great challenge. In order to reduce the problem complexity, previous solutions usually require a known height of user equipment or a perfect alignment of transceiver orientation angles, which limits the application of such solutions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel algorithm to achieve an easy LiFi localization solution without any requirement on perfect alignment transceiver orientations or prior knowledge of user equipment height. By exploring the inherent convex structure of the problem, the proposed algorithm gives an efficient closed-form update equation for both user location and orientation angle, thus achieving an accurate solution with fast convergence rate. The performance of the proposed localization algorithm is verified by simulations, and it is shown that the proposed algorithm can achieve a huge localization performance gain over existing approaches due to the joint optimization of user location and orientation angle as well as the problem-specific parameter update rule design.


The partial discharge and breakdown characteristics of polymer-film/silicone-oil composite dielectrics were studied using a needle-plane electrode system. In most of the experiments, DC voltage was applied at 0.5 kV/s until breakdown. Some tests were performed at rates of voltage increase of 1.5 and 3.0 kV/s. It is shown that with the needle positive, breakdown initiates in the oil from the needle tip and the polymer barrier increases the system's breakdown voltage. With the needle negative, the breakdown of the composite system occurs just after the partial discharge is initiated, indicating that partial-discharge inception is closely related to the breakdown of the composite system. The breakdown voltage is dependent on the negative accumulated charges on the film. These create a high stress across the film and cause breakdown of the composite system.<<ETX>>


(including four associates) and twelve candidates. Today we total thirtysix members (including six associates) and twenty-four candidates. Half of our members and a third of our candidates are Swedish. More important than these figures, however, is the fact that today practically all our members practice as psychoanalysts, if in varying degree. Further, several members are now active as teachers, analytic writers, and participants in groups studying the literature. About a year ago it became possible, for the f irst time in the society's history, to rent a small space for our meetings and teaching, and to set up an office for our administrative secretary.


Fertility rates among women under 20 in the 38 barrios and 10 districts of Barcelona were compared for 3 periods during 1980-92 to determine the relationship between both fertility and low birth weight and low socioeconomic status. District level data were aggregated for 1980-82 and 1990-92 in order to reduce variance. A synthetic indicator of socioeconomic status based on 1988 census data the index of family economic capacity (IFEC) was the measure of socioeconomic status. In both 1980-82 and 1990-92 the highest adolescent fertility rates were in the districts with the lowest indexes of family economic capacity. The average decline in the adolescent fertility rate between the 2 periods amounted to 64.8% for Barcelona as a whole but only 32.6% in the district with the lowest IFEC Ciutat Vella. The correlation between the IFEC and the fertility rate was negative in both periods but achieved statistical significance only during 1980-82. Fertility rates for the barrios of Barcelona during 1987-92 for 2 groups ages 12-17 and 15-19 in general showed the highest fertility in the poorest barrios. Fertility among adolescents ages 15-19 and low birth weight were strongly correlated with the IFEC at the district level in the period 1987-92 but the relation was statistically significant only for fertility.


The invention relates to a high temperature resistance film for blister package of medical sterilization equipment and a preparation method thereof. The first layer of the film is a heat-sealing layer A, and comprises blending resin of block copolymerized polypropylene and metallocene catalyzed polypropylene (mPP), wherein, the melting point of the block copolymerized polypropylene is more than 131 DEG C; the dosage of the mPP accounts for 20 to 50 percent of the blending rein by weight; the second layer of the film is a secondary inner layer B, and comprises homopolymerized polypropylene; the third layer of the film is an intermediate layer C, and comprises homopolymerized polypropylene; the fourth layer of the film is a binding layer D, and comprises polypropylene grafted by maleic anhydride; and the fifth layer is a weather resistance layer E, and comprises nylon 6 or 66. The film is prepared by adopting a bottom blowing water cooling type co-extrusion process or a casting method, wherein, after plastic is sufficiently melted, is inflated or cast by a die, the plastic is cooled at water temperature of between 15 and 18 DEG C. The preparation method is simple, and the product can endure high temperature steam sterilization for long time, and has good heat-sealing performance of dialyzing paper.


For the purposes of this article the "food capacity" is taken to be the amount of total dry matter consumed when the animal is offered as much as it cares to eat. This has been estimated from the results of a variety of experiments collected by the author for the purpose. The evidence quoted shows that the food capacity of steers is subject to a nearly uniform acceleration of 40 lb. per month per month from birth up to the age of 12 or 14 months, after which it remains approximately constant. It cannot therefore bear any simple relation to the live weight of the animal. In the case of steers the average constant rate of consumption was about 18 lb. of total dry matter, per head, per day, throughout the period from 1 to 4 years of age; in the case of milk cows it is probably about twice as great, viz. from 30 to 40 lb. The food capacity of steers has been much exaggerated by various scientific writers. In Kellner's tables it seems to be implied that the capacity varies as the live weight and that it may be as much as 64 lb. per head per day, i.e. 3½ times as much as was found in the experiments under review.


A non-iterative method presented by R. W. Klopfenstein for generating loci of solutions of algebraic equations of the form F(x) = 0 is used to generate solution loci for the load-flow problem. In addition, the method is constrained in such a way as to generate quasi steady-state trajectories under prescribed system changes. The method is equally useful for finding the steady-state stability limit and the number of solutions that exist in the singular point problem. The locations of these multiple singular point solutions are also obtained. Examples of three, four, and six bus systems are included to illustrate these applications of the technique.


Commercial OCR packages work best with high-quality scanned images. They often produce poor results when the image is degraded, either because the original itself was poor quality, or because of excessive photocopying. The ability to predict the word failure rate of OCR from a statistical analysis of the image can help in making decisions in the trade-off between the success rate of OCR and the cost of human correction of errors. This paper describes an investigation of OCR of degraded text images using a standard OCR engine (Adobe Capture). The documents were selected from those in the archive at Los Alamos National Laboratory. By introducing noise in a controlled manner into perfect documents, we show how the quality of OCR can be predicted from the nature of the noise. The preliminary results show that a simple noise model can give good prediction of the number of OCR errors.


Using microgeomorphological approach, colonization of pioneer forest on the bottom plain of a mountain valley was investigated. In the synthetic study of vegetation-landform relationship, the arrangement with temporal and spatial scales for each objective phenomenon is of importance. First, the basic scale of a topographic segment related to habitat of plant individuals was set up, and micro-landrom units consisting of several topographic segements were determined.Yoko-o Valley is characterized by considerable change of runoff and sediment supply from alpine zone in the Northern Japanese Alps. This characteristics lead to the development of micro-landforms in response to flood magnitude, which provide different habitats to pioneer plant species. Thus Larix leptolepis and Alnus hirsuta was established on relatively dry and high surface ("flood terrace") formed by flood, in contrast, Populus maximowiczii and Chosenia arbutifolia was located on wetter and lower one formed by small flood.Based on the DBH structure of forest stand, the relationship between annual rings and DBH of Larix leptolepis, and the formation and habitat condition of micro-landforms on the riverbeds, the forest dynamics on the Yoko-o valley bottom for the last ca. 150 years was reconstructed as follows. The forest on the Yoko-o valley bottom is divided into L. leptolepis forest I, II, L. leptolepis scrub, Chosenia arbutifolia forest, C. arbutifolia scrub and so on. L. leptolepis forest I appeared on high, immense and dry surface ("flood terrace") which was formed by a catastrophic flood about 150 years ago. Subsequently, the river channel shifted northward, and then flood magunitude reduced gradually with small oscilation of the river channel. In concordance with change of river landforms, L. leptolepis forest II also appeared on almost dry but partly wet surface ("flood terrace") which was formed by a middle-magnitude flood about 80 years ago. Furthermore small flood about 30 years ago formed almost dry but partly wet and higher surface in upper and middle reaches and wet and lower surface in lower reach near the junction of the Yoko-o Valley and the Azusa River. The almost dry and higher surface was occupied by L. leptolepis scrub, and the wet and lower surface by C, arbutifolia scrub.Pioneer stage of the prisere in Yoko-o valley bottom recognized commonly is that Larix leptolepis forest or Chosenia arbutifolia forest and Populus maximowiczii forest are colonized on bare surfaces with different habitat conditions. In next stage Abies veitchii forest succeed with negligible disturbance by flood. However, each forest is considered to have a cycle of destruction and recolonization under the control of the geomorphological processes with different magnitude and frequency from the point of view that forest age is regarded to indicate the return period of disturbance caused by a flood. Thus destruction and recolonization is considered to arise cyclicaly in the period of 150 years in L. leptolepis forest I, 80 years in L. leptolepis forest II, and 30 years in L. leptolepis scrub and C, arbutifolia scrub, and in the period shoter than 10 years in sparse vegetetion on riverbeds.


Motivated by the need to further improve the turbine hot section cooling performance, a mist/air film cooling scheme is investigated. A small amount of tiny water droplets with an average diameter about 7 µm (mist) is injected into the cooling air to enhance the cooling performance. Designing an experimental setup for a two phase flow experiment is challenging, therefore, the authors will dedicate this paper as Part I to discuss all the challenges faced in order to create a successful experimental facility for air/mist film cooling while Part II will discuss how to conduct a high-fidelity computational model for air/mist film cooling accompanied with a validation study by including detailed experimental conditions. This paper presents the experimental facility and instrumentation of a air/mist film cooling study with both heat transfer and droplet measurements. A Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) system is employed to measure the two-phase flow characteristics, including droplet size, droplet dynamics, velocity, and turbulence. Infrared camera and thermocouples are both used for temperature measurements. An extensive uncertainty analysis is performed to assist in identifying large uncertainty sources and planning for experimental procedure. It was found during the experiment design process that resolving the mist agglomeration problem is the key in successfully generating a well-controlled mist/air mixture and reducing experimental uncertainties. The test apparatus has proven to serve the purpose well to investigate mist/air film cooling with both heat transfer and droplet measurements. Selected experimental data is presented.


A large single crystal of CuI was fabricated by the temperature difference method using NH4I aqueous solution. To explore the efficient crystal growth condition, we calculate the phase diagram of copper iodide components as a function of pH and redox potential by using thermodynamic simulation software, and we also measured the experimental solubility curve of CuI. Consequently, we could fabricate the largest CuI single crystal (8.6 × 9.1 × 14 mm3) to date. Crystal shape was also controllable by the stirring condition in the reactor; i.e., tetrahedron or cubic shape of crystals was formed under stirring or without stirring condition, respectively. Further, the highly pure and transparent CuI crystal was fabricated by the addition of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) into NH4I aqueous solution. The electronic structure of our high quality CuI single crystal was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, and the ionization potential of the CuI (001) facet was elucida...


A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for mobile robots is designed in a hierarchical structure. The designed FLC consists of two levels: the planner level and the motion control level. The planner level generates a path to the destination with obstacle avoidance. The singleton outputs of the planner are obtained using line and arc methods. The lower motion control level calculates the robot's wheel velocity so as to follow the path generated by the planner as to the current robot posture. The fuzzy singleton outputs are obtained by heuristics and tuned by evolutionary programming. The applicability of the controller is demonstrated using a robot soccer system.