Potato the tubers of which acquired high constitutional defense mechanisms during growth (e.g. increasing the strength of cell walls and the Young's modulus of plant tissues in compression) is shown to be the most suitable for long-term storage in cooled condition. Changes in the energy of tubers tissue cells should ensure economical use of nutrients accumulated during the growth and minimum oxygen consumption by respiration during storage. These results at molecular and cellular level can be achieved by presowing treatment of seed potato by amino acid preparation obtained by acidic hydrolysis of collagen. Given that collagen contains glycine amino acid in the highest quantity glycine is the main active component of collagen hydrolysate. Treatment by pure glycine is more effective than collagen preparation treatment. Along with the increasing protection of plants and tubers by constitutional mechanisms a yield increase takes place by 30% on average. Increased yield, accumulation of nutrients and the various energetic processes during vegetation period occurs due to more powerful photosynthetic apparatus in leaves of plants being subjected to glycine treatment. In light harvesting complexes of the photosynthetic apparatus in potato leaves the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids increases. Carotenoids serve not only as an additional light harvesting pigment, but also protect plants from photodamage and oxidative stress.


Wide-scale adoption of VR/AR technologies in gaming, video conferencing, and for other remote telepresence applications demands limb tracking for a more immersive experience. In an attempt to bolster limb tracking, we present UWBTrac, a UWB + IMU based fusion tracker for VR applications. In this demo, and accompanying video1, we showcase this UWB tracker in comparison with HTC Vive VR trackers.


A three-phase induction motor used as a propulsion system for the electric vehicle (EV) is a nonlinear, multi-input multi-output, and strong coupling system. For such a complicated model system with unmeasured and unavoidable disturbances, as well as parameter variations, the conventional vector control method cannot meet the demands of high-performance control. Therefore, a novel control strategy named least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) inverse control is presented in the paper. Invertibility of the induction motor in the constant control mode is proved to confirm its feasibility. The LSSVM inverse is composed of an LSSVM approximating the nonlinear mapping of the induction motor and two integrators. The inverse model of the constant -controlled induction motor drive is obtained by using LSSVM, and then the optimal parameters of LSSVM are determined automatically by applying a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO). Cascading the LSSVM inverse with the induction motor drive system, the pseudolinear system can be obtained. Thus, it is easy to design the closed-loop linear regulator. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Like most rheumatic diseases, genetic risk loci for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are highly enriched for H3K4me1/H3K27ac histone marks, epigenetic signatures often associated with enhancer function. We sought to determine whether an H3K4me1/H3K27ac region of the JIA risk locus, IL2RA exhibits enhancer function and whether enhancer function is altered by JIA-associated genetic variants. We used a conventional luciferase reporter assay to query enhancer function across an H3K4me1/H3K27ac-marked region within the first intron of the IL2RA gene. We used the same approach to query the effects of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on enhancer function. We identified a 657 base pair region within the first intron of IL2RA that demonstrated brisk enhancer function. Enhancer activity was observable in both Jurkat T cells and myeloid HL60 cells. We identified 2 genetic variants, rs117119468 (C->T), and rs12722502 (C->T), that attenuated enhancer activity in this 657 bp region. Conclusions – The JIA-associated risk locus, IL2RA, contains at least one functional enhancer that is active in both lymphoid and myeloid cells. We identified 2 genetic variants that attenuate activity of this enhancer, making them strong candidates as causal variants. Author Summary One of the challenges facing the field of genetics as applied to complex traits is the fact that many of the risk-associated genetic variants are located in non-coding regions of the genome. Thus, clarifying the mechanisms through which genetic variants contribute to disease risk requires consideration of the non-coding functions of the risk regions. We and others have shown that many of these risk regions include enhancers, DNA elements that act like rheostats to fine-tune gene expression to fit specific physiologic situations. In this paper, we demonstrate that the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)- associated genetic risk locus, IL2RA, includes an intronic enhancer that is active in cells of both the adaptive and innate immune systems (i.e., the parts of the immune system that require "immune memory" and the parts that don't). We also identified 2 genetic variants that reduce the function of this enhancer. This is the first discovery of so called "causal variants" that affect non-coding functions in this common childhood disease.


Some b-blockers are efficiently removed from the circulation by hemodialysis ("high dialyzability") whereas others are not ("low dialyzability"). This characteristic may influence the effectiveness of the b-blockers among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. To determine whether new use of a highdialyzabilityb-blocker comparedwith a low-dialyzabilityb-blocker associates with a higher rate ofmortality in patients older than age 66 years receiving long-term hemodialysis, we conducted a propensity-matched population-based retrospective cohort study using the linked healthcare databases of Ontario, Canada. The high-dialyzability group (n=3294) included patients initiating atenolol, acebutolol, or metoprolol. The low-dialyzability group (n=3294) included patients initiating bisoprolol or propranolol. Initiation of a highversus low-dialyzabilityb-blocker was associatedwith a higher risk of death in the following 180 days (relative risk, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.8; P,0.01). Supporting this finding, we repeated the primary analysis in a cohort of patients not receiving hemodialysis and found no significant association between dialyzability and the risk of death (relative risk, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.3; P=0.71). b-Blocker exposurewas not randomly allocated in this study, so a causal relationship betweendialyzability andmortality cannot be determined. However, our findings should raise awareness of this potentially important drug characteristic and prompt further study. J Am Soc Nephrol 26: ccc–ccc, 2014. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014040324 Nearly half of all deaths among patients receiving hemodialysis are causedby cardiovascular disease.1 In the general population, b-adrenergic receptor antagonists (b-blockers) reduce cardiovascularmortality,1,2 so by extension, these drugs are recommended for the same indications among patients receiving hemodialysis.3 However, the extent to which individual b-blockers are removed from the circulation by hemodialysis, referred to as "dialyzability," varies considerably within this class. Acebutolol, atenolol, andmetoprolol have high dialyzablility,4–9 whereas bisoprolol and propranolol have low dialyzablility.10–14 This characteristic could theoretically affect patient outcomes by lowering the average plasma concentration achieved in patients receiving high-dialyzability agents. We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, Received April 2, 2014. Accepted July 4, 2014. Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. Correspondence: Dr. Matthew A. Weir, ALL-139A University Hospital, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Nephrology J Am Soc Nephrol 26: ccc–ccc, 2014 ISSN : 1046-6673/2604-ccc 1 initiation of high-dialyzability b-blockers was associated with higher risks of death and cardiovascular events compared with low-dialyzability b-blockers.


The design concept under study at the General Electric Company is based on a laminated disc with a wound outer ring. A survey of material strength and stiffness data is made and a laminate analysis approximates average lay-up properties from unidirectional data. A plane stress analysis of the disc with outer ring is made and the radial thickness of the ring is optimized for maximum energy density. The design impact of variability in composite material properties as well as the interference fit between the disc and ring are studied.


Lead magnesium niobate (PMN), Pb(Mg{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}, with perovskite structure has been prepared using structurally diphasic PMN gels. The diphasic gels were made using various concentrations of perovskite PMN seeds. The unseeded gel calcined at 775{degrees}C for 2 h gave {approximately} 98% of perovskite PMN phase. The use of 1% PMN perovskite seed not only led to a pure perovskite phase but also lowered the crystallization temperature of these gels by about 75{degrees}C. These results show that isostructural seeding helps to lower the crystallization temperature of perovskite PMN phase.


The present invention provides an image reading device and an image forming apparatus having the same, that can prevent unnecessary wear of components or damage of a document when a simplex scanning operation is carried out. The image reading device includes a first reading unit and a second reading unit. The first reading unit includes a first scan unit to scan a first surface of a document, a first press member mounted while opposing the first scan unit, and a first elastic member to bias the first scan unit or the first press member to closely contact the document with the first scan unit.The second reading unit includes a second scan unit to scan a second surface of the document, a second press member mounted while opposing the second scan unit, and a second elastic member to bias the second scan unit or the second press member to closely contact the document with the second scan unit. The second scan unit and the second press member are separated from each other by a lifting device. The first elastic member to bias the first scan unit or the first press member has an elastic force different from an elastic force of the second elastic member to bias the second scan unit or the second press member.


This article focuses on a broad process which took place in Europe and the United States starting in the second half of the nineteenth century: namely, the emergence of an incipient mass media culture. Scholars have tended to circumscribe this historical transformation within the contours of the nation state or, at best, to media systems theory. The following pages, in contrast, will show that the transition from the partisan press model towards a commercial and politically independent model involved a hybrid process, powered as much by the circulation of norms and practices across national borders as by local (and sometimes, quite paradoxically) by national mindsets. To reveal this hybrid character, the article adopts an entangled and empirical perspective based on three renowned newspapers from three different countries.


The method involves treating a polymerized ophthalmic lens with a wetting agent, such that the ophthalmic lens formulation does not comprise the wetting agent prior to its polymerization. The polymerized ophthalmic lens is then heated in a packaging solution containing deionized water or saline solution and the wetting agent.


Human influenza A virus is an important pathogen which threatens the health of human in a long time. The mutation study of HA gene is the most important. Here we investigate the evolution characteristics of HA gene of H3N2 influenza virus from 1990 to 2013. Numerical mapping and PCA clustering analysis are applied to the gene evolution analysis. The clustering diagram by MATLAB represents the mapping of HA gene in 2D space. The first two principal components account for 78.48% by PCA analysis. And the points are clustered into three parts, 1990~1999, 2000~2005 and 2006~2013. However, there is no obvious interval among them. Then we show the graphical representation of HA gene sequences according to the emerging time of isolates and different continents. Results show that during 1990 to 2013 human influenza A H3N2 virus has been evoluting gradually. There was not large genetic recombination. Even so, it is necessary to continuously monitor the human influenza A (H3N2) viruses.


The vibrational interaction of underground structures such as tunnels or building foundations with the ground involves different types of waves both in structures and in ground. In this paper, a wave approach is used to study these waves in the simple case of an infinite slab laying on a half-space homogeneous soil. The results are expressed in terms of energy quantities such as input line mobility and radiated power in the case of line force excitation of the slab and power injected to the slab in the case of forced vibration by an incoming ground borne wave. It is shown that in the case of line force excitation of the slab, the radiation loss factors obtained are 10 times higher than common values of structural loss factors, showing that the energy losses of an underground structure are mainly radiated into the ground. In the case of forced vibration by an incoming ground-borne wave, the slab wave type depends on the type of incident ground-borne waves: P waves mainly generate quasi-longitudinal waves in the slab at low frequencies and bending waves at higher frequencies; SV waves generate both bending and quasi-longitudinal waves with a percentage depending on the type of ground.


There is few data on the association between dietary fiber intake and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)‐defined breast cancer risk. We evaluated the association between dietary fiber and ER/PR‐defined breast cancer risk stratified by postmenopausal hormone use, alcohol intake, and family history of breast cancer in the population‐based Swedish Mammography Screening Cohort comprising 51,823 postmenopausal women. Fiber intake was measured by food‐frequency questionnaire collected in 1987 and 1997. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by hazard ratio derived from Cox proportional hazard regression models. During an average of 8.3‐year follow‐up, 1,188 breast cancer cases with known ER/PR status were diagnosed. When comparing the highest to the lowest quintile, we observed non‐significant inverse associations between total fiber intake and the risk of all tumor subtypes; the multivariate‐adjusted RRs were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.69–1.05) for overall, 0.85 (0.64–1.13) for ER+PR+, 0.83 (0.52–1.31) for ER+PR− and 0.94 (0.49–1.80) for ER−PR−. For specific fiber, we observed statistically significant risk reductions for overall (34%) and for ER+PR+ (38%) for the highest versus lowest quintile of fruit fiber, and non‐significant inverse associations for other subtypes of cancer and types of fiber. Among ever‐users of postmenopausal hormone (PMH), total fiber intake and especially cereal fiber were statistically significantly associated with ∼50% reduced risk for overall and ER+PR+ tumors when comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, but no association was observed among PMH never users. Our results suggest that dietary fiber intake from fruit and cereal may play a role in reducing breast cancer risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In article is briefly stated the method of the automated choice of basic data for thermal, kinematic and dynamic calculations of the piston internal combustion engines which are carried out by means of the computer (PC). Advantages of such approach are described. Examples of calculation of pressure, temperatures and forces operating in the connecting rod gear of piston thermal cars in case of their work with an full load are given. The conclusion is drawn on expediency of the automated choice of basic data when performing calculations in the educational purposes and research works.


Abstract This article explains how the dynamic programming application presented in the August, 1968 issue of The Journal of Industrial Engineering entitled "Determination of Standard Sizes to be Manufactured Using Dynamic Programming" and authored by D. M. Jackson and D. R. Zerbe, is nonoptimal. It also considers the more realistic problem in which the number of standard sizes is not preselected, and in which the manufacturing cost of a standard size is not a constant, but interrelated with the quantity to be manufactured.


Critical Pedagogy promptes us to reflect on the "hidden curriculum" hidden in the language education policy and practice.During the College English teaching process,through the critical teaching practice,teachers and students can gain power sense and subjectivity,which can encourage teachers to become "transformed intellectuals".At the same time,it can build the students' main identity Actively so that learners can have more freedom and autonomy to promote the realization of the liberation of education and social justice ideal.


I report about my experience on a topology course given to pupils. It works for a broad range of audiences, and I indicate reasons why. mathematical interest; fundamental group Here, I report on a topic that has served very well to get young people interested in mathematics not the kind of mathematics they usually encounter at school. I have given the course many times to audiences of the age 15 and up. It ts reasonably into a session of about three hours, although it is possible to give a more lecture-like presentation in under an hour, or to use it for a weekly study group. No mathematical knowledge is needed. For reasons explained later, this topic can be used both for reaching weaker students as well as for engaging strong students. At face value, the students encounter a paradoxical problem. Mathematically, we are dealing with a well-known computation from Algebraic Topology. However, the main point is that avoiding all technicalities, we can solve the curious problem in a way that everyone will understand the solution. After stating the problem, I explain in detail the course. Afterwards, I give some educational remarks indicating why this particular topic works so well. This is followed by a section with remarks that were made by students. I then describe the content from a mathematical point of view and the assessment of lesson content. The article ends with a note on the history of the subject. The nails-and-picture problem Exercise 1: Hang the picture on the wall using two nails in such a way that removing either of the nails will make the picture fall down to the oor. The goal of the course will be to see how one can come up with a solution without experimentation. The same statement holds for any number of nails, and for that, it is necessary to have a way to compute the solutions. Conducting the course As I see it, the course should not take the form of a lecture. Much better to let the students gure out as much as possible for themselves. For this purpose, I alternate between introducing notions and posing exercises. All notions are employed in a purely naive way. For example, there is no need to formalise the notion of path; it su ces to treat the curve in the plane (or on the blackboard, or in the notebook) as a path. In the following, we indicate some


Thermodynamic modeling of hydrothermal solutions was used to examine the influence of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) on the synthesis of lead-based perovskites, PbTiO3 and PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3. Temperature, pH, input reagent concentrations, and Pb/(Ti + (Zr)) and Pb/EDTA ratios were examined. Thermodynamic calculations from 25 to 100 °C indicated that, when the Pb/EDTA and Pb/(Ti + (Zr)) molar ratios were 2.0 and Pb input concentration was 0.1 m, phase-pure perovskites formed across the greatest pH range (7−14+). Precipitation of unwanted unary lead phases such as PbO was suppressed in all cases. In the absence of EDTA and solutions containing a molar excess of lead ions, the formation of phase-pure perovskites was limited to narrow pH ranges (5−8 and above 14) because of PbO precipitation. Theoretical predictions were experimentally validated with use of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Experimental results vali...


driven by the outcome of data validation. The comparison to collocated observations from other instruments makes systematic errors visible that may be recognised as deficiencies in instrument calibration or retrieval algorithms. The division leads the international effort to validate the data products of SCIAMACHY on board of ENVISAT (launched March 1st, 2002). SCIAMACHY measures trace gasses such as ozone, methane and carbon monoxide that are important for climate and atmospheric chemistry studies. Four distinct phases of validation of SCIAMACHY data products are distinguished: the preparatory phase until launch, the commissioning phase, the main validation phase and the long-term validation phase. The main validation phase started in the second half of 2002 and will last until the end of 2003. Preparation of future satellite missions An early involvement in the preparation of future satellite missions gives opportunities to influence instrument design such that it optimally fulfils scientific needs. The Satellite Application Facility on Ozone Monitoring (O3MSAF) project is a joint project of EUMETSAT and several European meteorological institutes and prepares for the operational delivery of ozone products from the GOME-2 instrument on the three METOP missions in the timeframe 2005–2020. KNMI has the responsibility to develop retrieval algorithms for the ozone profile and aerosol and leads the validation. Coordinated by the group, scientific requirements have been established for a possible future atmospheric chemistry mission, ACE-CHEM. This study formed the basis of a proposal for an Earth Explorer Core mission delivered to ESA in 2001. Although the mission was not selected in this round of further studies and possible launch, the concept remains 'alive' and new possibilities for development and future launch are being studied. Also, the results of the requirements study are frequently used in preparations for other missions. Initially the observations consisted of surface ozone concentrations, weekly ozone soundings and continuous observations of UV spectra, ozone Figure 1. Breaking-up of the ozone hole in September 2002. Shown are the 6-day forecast, which was constructed and published on the 19th, (left panel) and the analysis for the 25th of September (right panel), when the ozone hole started to split. The large similarity illustrates the quality of the forecast.


Commutation failure is a key issue that affects the safe operation of HVDC transmission systems. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted research on the mechanism, evaluation indicators, and control strategies of commutation failure. However, most of the researches are aimed at the working conditions of commutation failure caused by a short-circuit fault on the AC side. There are few studies on the commutation failure caused by the harmonic injection on the AC side and the distortion of the AC bus voltage waveform. This paper clarifies the mechanism of commutation failure caused by waveform distortion, and proposes an index of harmonic commutation margin. On this basis, an evaluation method for commutation failure caused by waveform distortion is proposed. By predicting the commutation voltage-time area and optimization methods to assess whether the current voltage conditions have the risk of commutation failure. Finally, an electromagnetic transient simulation model is established on PSCAD/EMTDC, and the evaluation method in this chapter is verified by simulating the working conditions of the inverter side bus voltage waveform distortion. The results show its effectiveness in evaluating the commutation failure. The research provides a theoretical basis to the implementation of the control function and has broad engineering application prospects.


Taking certain deep foundation ditch project as an example,this paper comprehensively expounds the purpose of the displacement monitoring of the deep foundation ditch,the construction and testing of monitoring network and the data processing of monitoring. It is proved that the monitoring scheme is designed reasonably,the operation method is proper and the monitoring data is reliable and timely. It provides an important basis to ensure the security of the foundation ditch construction.


Hot-fire test demonstrations were successfully conducted using a cold helium pressurization system fully integrated into a liquid oxygen (LOX) / liquid methane (LCH4) propulsion system (Figure 1). Cold helium pressurant storage at near liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperatures (-275 degF and colder) and used as a heated tank pressurant provides a substantial density advantage compared to ambient temperature storage. The increased storage density reduces helium pressurant tank size and mass, creating payload increases of ~35% for small lunar-lander sized applications. This degree of mass reduction also enables pressure-fed propulsion systems for human-rated Mars ascent vehicle designs. Hot-fire test results from the highly-instrumented test bed will be used to demonstrate system performance and validate integrated models of the helium and propulsion systems. A pressurization performance metric will also be developed as a means to compare different active pressurization schemes. Figure 1: Hot-Fire Testing of the Cold Helium Pressurization system integrated with vehicle test bed https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160002236 2020-01-25T14:43:16+00:00Z


Laundry waste contains high BOD, COD, and phosphate, but the waste is directly disposed into sewerage without treatment. The checking result of BOD, COD, and phosphate of laundry wastewater is 326 mg/l, 1157 mg/l, and 14 mg/l This number is exceed the standard of Perda Jateng No 5 tahun 2012. Mexican-Sword Plant (Echinodorus palaefolius) is an aquatic plant that has potential as pereduktor contaminants .The purpose of this research was to find out effects of detention time variation mexican-sword plant (echinodorus palaefolius) toward BOD, COD and phospat level. This research is using experiment with pretest-posttest design. The statistic test that used is One Way Anova and Kruskal Wallis. The results show an average reduction of BOD concentration with detention time 2 days was 84.96%, detention time 3 days was 84.23%, detention time 4 days was 87.78%, detention time 5 days was 90%, detention time 6 days was 88.91%, and detention time 7 days detention time 88.52%. COD concentration with detention time 2 days was 85.22%, detention time 3 days was 85.47%, detention time 4 days was 88.7%, detention time 5 days was 90.79%, detention time 6 days was 84.93 %, and detention time 7 days was 89.31%. Phosphate concentration with detention time 2 days was 52.35%, detention time 3 days was 14.31%, detention time 4 days was 51.33%, detention time 5 days was 56.35%, detention time 6 days was 42.72 %, and detention time 7 days was 44.69%. The different test result of BOD (Sig 0.741) and COD (Sig 0836) shows there are no average difference reduction levels of BOD and COD among detention time variation. While the result of phosphate (Sig 0024) shows there are an average difference between detention time variation. The highest percentage is in 5 days. Further research is needed to use the system continuously to be applied according to the existing field conditions.


Hopfield Neural Network(HNN) is a kind of valid optimized model,belongs to a kind of feedback network.From system standpoint sees,the Hopfield network is the nonline dynamics system,it has a lot of properties of the nonline dynamics system,such as stability.This kind of property which makes use of the Hopfield network can identify polluted image.The text uses Hopfield neural network to carry out principle and process of the image identification,and imitate a true example using Matlab,introduces general applying of the Hopfield network in practice.


In this article, a miniaturized resonator based on substrate integrated coaxial line technology (SICL) is presented. The SICL resonator consists of a hairpin half-wavelength open-ended coaxial line element and two symmetrical parallel coaxial feed lines. The gap between the feed lines and the hairpin element can be adjusted properly to obtain a steep phase change, which can result in a higher group delay peak and achieve a superior phase noise performance. Based on the proposed SICL resonator, an X-band oscillator has been designed and demonstrated by using low-cost printed circuit boards (PCBs). Great consistency between the measured and simulated results is verified. According to the measured results, the oscillation frequency of the SICL oscillator is 10.0625 GHz with −1.81 dBm RF output power, and the phase noise is −138.6 dBc/Hz@1 MHz. The statistic figure of merit (FOM) is −206.1 dBc/Hz@1 MHz.


PHILOSOPHY.-Edgar W. Knight has joined the ranks of Flexner, Foerster, and Hutchins as a severe critic of the philosophy which, he maintains, is inherent in the American school system. In a vigorous essay' Knight proposes and seeks to demonstrate but one contention, namely, that too many American educators have succumbed to the fallacy that the concepts of change and of progress are identical or at least highly correlated. The argumentation is elaborated in three sections, the first of which depicts the unique historical development of the idea of human progress. Unknown in classical or Christian cultures, this concept of progress slowly emerged in the eighteenth century to become, in less than a hundred years, one of the most dynamic of all social forces. The author cites many examples to document his assertion that this newborn idea monopolized the thought of the great scientists, who in turn promised the world peace and prosperity as inevitable outcomes of the triumph of progress.


In this paper, we present a two-dimensional computer-based analysis. We study extensively the influence of various parameters, such as the permittivity of the passivant dielectric, the passivation layer thickness, the junction depth, the n-layer thickness and the fixed oxide charge, on the breakdown voltage of the dielectric passivated silicon microstrip detector. The relative permittivity of the passivant dielectric layer deposited over the oxide influences the breakdown voltage once some minimum value of passivation layer thickness has been reached. The breakdown voltage of shallow junction devices remains nearly constant over a wide variation in passivation layer thickness. It is shown that, for deeper junction devices, the breakdown voltage remains almost constant up to a particular passivant layer thickness and then increases sharply. The effects of device depth and fixed oxide charge on the passivated device are also analysed. Based on this T-CAD simulation, we propose a layout for a detector protection structure with optimized performance. The design presently envisaged offers decisive advantages over a number of possible alternatives in silicon detector technology. We have found good agreement between previous experimental data and the simulation results.


Portuguese economy registered several significant transformations in recent decades, after the democratie revolution (1974) and the EEC accession (1986). A deep integration in the EU and an original and unexpected context of Iberian integration are main points of the new picture. The changes in specialization, the emergence of a public service economy, the centrality of financial external relations, and the new condition of Portugal as a net foreign investor and as a country of immigration are some of the main processes for the analysis of Portuguese economic Governance in this period. This last objective implies to study the coordination mechanisms of collective action. The State, as the agent of 'relational order', the market, as an increasingly narrow place of governance, and the community, as the expression of the Portuguese specific internal structures, are considered in this paper as main institutional arrangements and bases for economic governance.


Introduction: India accounts for 30% of neonatal deaths globally. Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Prompt detection of microorganisms and early institution of therapy are of paramount importance. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology over a period of one year. Two samples of blood were collected under aseptic precautions, 1 ml each was added to conventional blood culture bottle with biphasic media and paediatric BacT/ALERT bottle. Microorganisms were identified by Gram staining, standard biochemical tests and appropriate antibiograms. The common microorganisms responsible for early- and late-onset neonatal sepsis were identified, and the resistant strains were studied in detail. The main clinical presentations and maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis were identified and statistically correlated. Results: Of the 233 newborns, 44 (18.9%) were culture positive, with higher incidence of sepsis in low birthweight male babies. Of the 44 isolates, 31 (70.5%) were Gram-negative organisms, with Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae (45.5%) being the most common isolate. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in this study was 54.8%. Screening for AmpC production showed that 25.8% of the isolates were positive. The maternal risk factor of premature rupture of membrane of more than 18 h was seen in the case of 74 babies (31.8%), and 138 (59.2%) babies had prematurity as neonatal risk factor leading to sepsis. Conclusion: As the aetiological agents in neonatal sepsis vary in different circumstances and antimicrobial resistance due to different mechanisms is prevalent, antibiotic usage should be based on culture and sensitivity results.


Plan B Paper. 2013. Master of Science in Education-Mathematics--University of Wisconsin-River Falls. Mathematics Department. [62] leaves. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 11-12).


In recent years, technologies such as artificial intelligence have enabled automated systems to provide more decision support for maintenance planning. Using high levels of analytics to determine optimal maintenance actions and moments is called prescriptive maintenance. Multiple prescriptive maintenance models have been proposed for different industries. However, none of these models or frameworks were designed for use in the FMCG industry. This industry seems to be lagging compared to the oil & gas, process and transport industries, but also in the FMCG sector there is a need for improved maintenance strategies. The FMCG industry however shows specific characteristics that disable the use of existing prescriptive maintenance systems. The dynamic behaviour of the large production environments in this industry need a more flexible, scalable and reliable system than the existing systems. This research defines a framework that can successfully achieve prescriptive maintenance at a FMCG production plant, for a system consisting of multiple components. The focus in this case is on the prescriptive decision making based on input of diagnostic data and prediction of future component states. Based on existing prescriptive maintenance frameworks for multi-component systems a multi-layer approach is used where a distinction is made between component and system level. Such an approach is combined with an agent-based approach where agents can make decisions using appropriate decision making techniques found in literature. This framework uses an intelligent agent-based approach to optimize maintenance planning on a component and system level. The agents act on different levels and negotiate to find an optimal system level result. An economic approach was used, where all impact of maintenance was translated to costs. The optimal maintenance strategy that is found will be the one with the lowest overall costs. The component level decision is made using a prediction of the remaining useful life of a component. After an optimization of maintenance type and time – using brute force search –, reinforcement learning is used to determine the optimal planning moment. On a system level, each new component level decision is evaluated by the system level agent and a system optimum is found using a brute force technique. During this optimization, the un-fixed maintenance moments may be replanned on a component level, by taking into account loss of functionality and economies of scale. As prescriptive maintenance aims to increase operational efficiency and reduce costs, the effect of the framework on these KPIs was simulated and compared in a FMCG case study. It was found that, even if more failures are predicted than necessary, the intelligent planning of maintenance by this framework leads to a decrease of indirect costs. When a fully accurate prediction of the remaining useful life is used, this prescriptive maintenance system can also increase a systems operational efficiency and reduce maintenance costs next to the decrease of indirect costs. It can be concluded that the influence on overall production time was largest, which led to the decrease of the indirect costs of lost production. This could, for this specific system, be attributed to the fact that maintenance was planned in such way that simultaneous maintenance, and therefore system downtime, was prevented. Although the case study showed promising results, room for improvements has been found. Firstly, the quality of the predictive algorithm proved to be essential to the functioning of the model. Testing this framework with a high quality prediction is therefore a recommendation for future research. An important factor that should be considered is the trade-off between accuracy and earliness of prediction. Furthermore, testing the framework with a more complicated system in the FMCG industry will show if this system is indeed scalable enough for the desired application.


In this paper,based on the measurement principle of particle image velocimetry(PIV),we analyze the measurement error of PIV.For two frame images of a single sand particle taken by charge-coupled device(CCD) camera at an interval of a pulse time,we calculate the displacement of the mass center of the sand particle and the displacement of the center of image,and calculate the difference between the displacements of the two centers.Then we derive the error's formulas of sand particle velocity and sand particle diameter measurement used by PIV due to the sand particle rotation.It indicates that the velocity error measured by PIV relates to the velocity of sand particles,and the higher is the velocity of sand particles,the larger is the error.The maximum error of velocity measurement by PIV is not beyond 10%,and the measurement error can be decreased by increasing the pulse time.For a single irregular sand particle,the diameters measured by PIV at different moment are not same due to the rotation of sand particles,and the differences among the measurement errors of particle diameters depend on the sand shapes.For lager sand particle,it is pointed out that there is a long way to validate diameter measurement.


Considering the manufacturing sector of India and its limited growth, this study analyzes the impact of manufacturing output on economic growth from 1981-2014. Along with manufacturing output, we have taken gross capital formation and population growth as control variables. For short and long run estimates, we have considered the ARDL bound testing approach. For analyzing the directional causality between variables, we have considered granger causality test. According to error correction model, our findings exhibit the significantly positive long-run relationship of manufacturing output, gross capital formation and population growth with economic growth in India. However, granger causality presents only unidirectional causality of population causing manufacturing output and capital formation. Whereas, no causality has been found between manufacturing output and economic growth. The study implies that with human resource abundance, policy makers should emphasize on the capital growth to enhance the capacities of manufacturing sector in India. Though manufacturing sector has established a positive relationship with economic growth but needs dire attention with sectoral reforms that may increase manufacturing productivity causing economic growth in the country.


In the modern industry there are such productions which because of technological limitations cannot provide a sufficiently large size sample, in accordance with the laws of experiment planning theory to get adequate mathematical model suitable for managing complex control object. This state of things exists at many enterprises with small-scale production, as well as enterprises producing hightech and expensive products. Similar examples can be found in medicine, biology, economy and other branches of human activity. In this paper we propose a method of multidimensional point distribution allowing to obtain adequate mathematical models of complex object-based multidimensional small samples. To eliminate the loss of information when processing small samples is necessary to abandon groups of observations and to go to the methods of considering each individual realization as a distribution center of a virtual sample with the appropriate parameters.


The Sustainability Management graduate program objective is to train future leaders of corporations, government agencies, non-profits etc., who will strive to demonstrate a balance among the three elements of sustainability, namely, Environment, Economics and Equity/Social Justice (generally referred to as 3 Es). Implementation of sustainability projects bring in elements of technical and management aspects. Sustainability Management capstone projects bring to fruition all the knowledge and skills from the coursework to solving a real-world problem. The project is key to students' academic success, develop future leaders' planning and implementation skills. Students in this program come from a variety of educational background – science, engineering, management, economics, liberal arts, etc. The methodology framework for the capstone projects is not the only key to the success of their projects but should be broad applicable to solve real-world sustainability problems. This paper will demonstrate a pragmatic capstone framework and specific tools for the program that focuses on both technical and management aspects of sustainability. The capstone framework, assessment and feedback aspects will be discussed. It includes graduate research attributes such as sustainability modelling, project implementation, quantifications and process flows. In addition, management attributes with tools such as sustainable SWOT, risk analyses, Best Management Practices, etc., are also part of the methodology. The ultimate goal of the capstone project is to help demonstrate the viability of the three sustainability principles (3 Es) and to quantify the results. Projects are executed in teams and majority of the projects are industry-sponsored projects. This paper will present the capstone project framework, duration and phases with examples of successfully completed capstone projects along with assessment and evaluation processes of the capstone course. Students' feedback will also be discussed along with further potential enhancements and the framework's potential for other programs. Tags: capstone project, sustainability, framework, methodology, leaders, management, engineering, economics, environment, equity, social impacts


Sir, A 12‐year‐old girl with no past relevant medical history was referred to our Department of Dermatology at the university hospital "Dr. José E. González" Monterrey, México, with a 5‐month history of asymptomatic white spots on her limbs which were first noticed on her legs and later on her arms. She recalled exercise and standing for a long time as triggering factors. The patient gave a history of malar


- Method and landing assistance device for aeronef.- According to the invention, from the landing procedure rules attached to the track (2), determining a lower threshold and an upper total energy threshold acceptable to the aircraft (1) and compares the current total energy thereof to said thresholds.


We analyze the convergence properties of Fermat distances, a family of density-driven metrics defined on Riemannian manifolds with an associated probability measure. Fermat distances may be defined either on discrete samples from the underlying measure, in which case they are random, or in the continuum setting, in which they are induced by geodesics under a density-distorted Riemannian metric. We prove that discrete, sample-based Fermat distances converge to their continuum analogues in small neighborhoods with a precise rate that depends on the intrinsic dimensionality of the data and the parameter governing the extent of density weighting in Fermat distances. This is done by leveraging novel geometric and statistical arguments in percolation theory that allow for non-uniform densities and curved domains. Our results are then used to prove that discrete graph Laplacians based on discrete, sample-driven Fermat distances converge to corresponding continuum operators. In particular, we show the discrete eigenvalues and eigenvectors converge to their continuum analogues at a dimension-dependent rate, which allows us to interpret the efficacy of discrete spectral clustering using Fermat distances in terms of the resulting continuum limit. The perspective afforded by our discrete-to-continuum Fermat distance analysis leads to new clustering algorithms for data and related insights into efficient computations associated to density-driven spectral clustering. Our theoretical analysis is supported with numerical simulations and experiments on synthetic and real image data.


Nine cases of primary liver cell carcinoma examined by intraveous, percutaneous transhepatic and transjugular cholangiography are reported. All these nine cases present a clinical syndrome of obstructive jaundice and all the lesions are demonstrated by cholangiography before surgery. Four cholangiographical patterns i.e., obstruction of the major biliary duct, cavitary lesion, distorion and encasement of the intrahepatic ducts and intraluminal filling defect in the major biliary ducts, are demonstrated. Primary liver cell carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis in a patient with presenting symptoms of obstructive jaundice, and obstructive jaundice is a sign of unresectability of the tumor in patient with a known primary liver cell carcinoma.


Soil has biologically complex environment, where immense group of microbes habituating especially fungal and bacterial microorganisms and these soil microbes have ability to transform complex compounds into simpler that enter again the ecosystem as well as they also mobilize, biotransformation and bioaccumulation processes of nutrients, micronutrient and heavy metals in the soil (Gadd 1993). Morphological behaviour and activity of the microbes highly influenced by the environmental factors and nutrient stress such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, can have a devastating impact on microbial activities as well as on plant growth and crop yield (Suzuki et al. 2014). Multiple tip-formations near the hyphal apex in filamentous fungi especially in Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa due to environmental and nutritional stress and this phenomenon happened due to disturbance of the process of tip extension and such aberration might be potential benefits in increasing the number of exploratory branches emanating from a mycelium to tackle risk of the environmental factors (Markham 1992). Phosphorus is an important growth-limiting nutrient and a large portion of inorganic phosphates (P) applied to soil in the form of fertilizer by the farmers which is rapidly immobilized after application, nearly >80% of P becomes immobile and unavailable for plant uptake because of adsorption, precipitation or conversion to organic form (Holford 1997).


Aimed at inventory allocation needs with timeliness and accuracy of distributed spare parts warehouses, a collaborative allocation model for spare parts is proposed. Based on an analysis of the characteristics and defects of the genetic algorithm, a distributed inventory allocation strategy based on the parallel genetic algorithm is proposed, and a coarse parallel genetic algorithm within the framework of MapReduce is realized. The proposed strategy and algorithm together reduce the heavy computation burden during the process of problem-solving which is based on the genetic algorithm. Effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified based on the spare parts inventory data of providers on the automobile industry chain.


Any business is exposed to risks that threaten to execute its strategy. Today, more than ever, the board of directors is expected to thoroughly assess key business risks and ensure that the enterprise is equipped to mitigate them. This study discusses the current corporate practices on risk oversight by directors of U.S. public companies.Findings detail where the board assigns these responsibilities, whether it avails itself of dedicated reporting lines from senior management on risk issues, and the degree to which it adopts a standardized framework on enterprise risk management (ERM). Given the correlation between risk and strategy, data on the frequency and forms of strategic reviews us also presented. The findings are from the most recent edition of the Board Practices Survey, which The Conference Board conducts annually in collaboration with NASDAQ OMX and NYSE Euronext.


Road sign detection has been an important issue for research recently The goal of this work is to find and classify road signs. In developing a new algorithm for road-sign detection and recognition, we think that any road-sign recognition algorithm should be as general as possible to work with large groups of road signs.. This paper proposes an automatic road-sign recognition method based on image segmentation and joint transform correlation (JTC) with the integration of shape analysis. The presented system is universal, which is able to detect traffic signs of any countries with any color and any of the existing shapes (e.g., circular, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, and octagonal) and is invariant to transformation (e.g., translation, rotation, scale, and occlusion). The main contributions of this paper are: 1) the formulation of two new criteria for analyzing different shapes using two basic geometric properties, 2) the recategorization of the rectangular signs into diamond or nondiamond shapes based on the inclination of the four sides with the ground and 3) the employment of the distortion-invariant fringe-adjusted JTC (FJTC) technique for recognition.


Productivity in agriculture is important for economic expansion. The presence of illness in plants is very widespread, this is one of the factors that makes plant disease identification crucial for the agriculture sector. Given that plants are frequently afflicted by illnesses, they may die and produce fewer fruits and vegetables. By utilising various sorts of techniques and algorithms, such as image processing, the most recent and advancing technologies are applied to address such problems. Image segmentation is employed during pre-processing to reduce the noise and to separate the leaf's damaged or affected areas. This paper explores some of the difficulties that may arise when utilising machine learning to identify plant diseases and pests in real-world settings. The obtained features are then categorised using machine learning methods like Butterfly Optimization BO with Support Vector Machine SVM. The user is advised to receive treatment during the final stage. The diseases primarily have a negative impact on live plants. With this strategy, farmers should have a greater chance to maintain the health of their crops and avoid stressing the plants by using the wrong fertilisers.


Objective: To assess the interest of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in participating in supportive care groups and to evaluate whether participation in their group format of choice fulfilled their supportive care needs. Methods: the study consisted of seven group sessions of 2.5 hours each, every other week. Three different group formats (a social support group for men only, a social support group for couples and a support group for men only, focused on existential issues) were studied. The supportive care needs were assessed using patient interviews conducted before the start of a group session series. The interviews were processed using qualitative methods. Satisfaction was measured at the end of the program by open-ended questions and by quantitative measurement instruments. Results: Of the men with prostate cancer approached, 6% (n = 48) were interested in supportive care and enrolled in the study. The supportive care needs found most often were contact with fellow patients, and a need to learn about practical issues related to prostate cancer and its treatment. Men also wanted to learn how to cope better with the disease. The majority of the men were satisfied with the supportive care they received and it appears that most needs were fulfilled. Conclusion: A minority of men with prostate cancer actually used supportive care; however, the care provided is highly valued and met most participant needs.


It is very necessary to be clear about the market share that electricity accounts for the whole energy consumption of city residents' under the circumstance of market, with Markov prediction theory and data from Qinhuangdao electricity market investigation, forecast have been done on market share of residential energy consumption items such as heating, cooking, cooling etc., which is valuable reference for electricity company to be realize the prospect of every subdivision marketing in order to make corresponding management strategy.


Abstract : X-ray fluorescence is evaluated as a means to quantitatively analyze standard reference solution concentrations of chromium plating and polishing solutions for chromium, sulfur, phosphorus, and iron in a continuous, on-stream fashion. The identical experiment was conducted at two different manufacturers of this type of instrument and included calibration/standardization with standard reference chromium plating and polishing solutions, analysis with coded standard reference chromium plating and polishing solutions, calibration/standardization with standard reference chromium plating and polishing wastewater solutions, and analysis with coded standard reference chromium plating and polishing wastewater solutions. Resultant data and their corresponding precisions show promise for this application and may complement current off-stream laboratory methods now in use. More work will be conducted to further determine the value of this technique.


The design of a commercially acceptable gas-solids transport system applicable to coal transport specifically presents a number of problems. This article reviews the work on this development and discusses needed equipment items as well as needed further work. In the research program, a study was performed of pneumatic transport of solids under pressure in order to consider the possibility of using existing gas pipelines for coal transportation. Experiments were performed on 1 1/4-in., 3-in., and 6-in. diameter pipe test arrangements over a range of control conditions involving particle sizes, pressures, gas velocities, feed schemes, the effects of air foils within the pipes, and the effects of electrostatic space charges across the pipe to levitate the particles. Marked reductions in the energy required for pneumatic transport were produced over that required for simple open pipe systems. Experimental results are presented and evaluated. Equations were developed which correlate the empirical data and permit more realistic extrapolations to large systems than previous general equations. However, there are a number of ancillary problems to be solved before a commercially acceptable gas-solids transport system could be designed. 2 references.


Knowledge management is a new administrative concept and method.As intensive organizations of knowledge,libraries are confronted with the new challenge under the new situation.The concept and the application of knowledge management in libraries are analyzed in the passage.The developing strategies and content of knowledge management of libraries are as well discussed.


Summary Arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the pH and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. The investigation is relatively easy to perform and yields information that can guide the management of acute and chronic illnesses. This information


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) located within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announces the launch of the Million Hearts® Hypertension Control Challenge. Million Hearts® is a national initiative to prevent one million heart attacks and strokes by 2022. Achieving this goal means 10 million more Americans must have their blood pressure under control. Million Hearts® is working to control high blood pressure through clinical approaches, such as using health information technology to its fullest potential and integrating team-based approaches to health care, and community approaches, such as strengthening tobacco control and promoting physical activity. For more information about the initiative, visit https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/. To support improved blood pressure control, HHS/CDC is announcing the 2017 Million Hearts® Hypertension Control Challenge. The challenge will improve understanding of successful implementation strategies at the health system level by motivating clinical practices and health systems to strengthen their hypertension control efforts. It will identify clinicians, clinical practices, and health systems that have exceptional rates of hypertension control and recognize them as Million Hearts® Hypertension Control Champions. To support improved quality of care delivered to patients with hypertension, Million Hearts® will document the systems, strategies, processes, and staffing that contribute to the exceptional blood pressure control rates achieved by Champions. DATES: The Challenge will run from April 7, 2017 through June 2, 2017. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE., Mailstop F–73, Chamblee, GA 30341, Telephone: 770–488–2424, Email: email@example.com; subject line of email: Million Hearts Hypertension Control Challenge; Attention: Mary George.


The paper presents the Bulgarian MARCELL corpus, part of a recently developed multilingual corpus representing the national legislation in seven European countries and the NLP pipeline that turns the web crawled data into structured, linguistically annotated dataset. The Bulgarian data is web crawled, extracted from the original HTML format, filtered by document type, tokenised, sentence split, tagged and lemmatised with a fine-grained version of the Bulgarian Language Processing Chain, dependency parsed with NLP- Cube, annotated with named entities (persons, locations, organisations and others), noun phrases, IATE terms and EuroVoc descriptors. An orchestrator process has been developed to control the NLP pipeline performing an end-to-end data processing and annotation starting from the documents identification and ending in the generation of statistical reports. The Bulgarian MARCELL corpus consists of 25,283 documents (at the beginning of November 2019), which are classified into eleven types.


During the years from 2009 to 2013, the population of birds nesting in eight grass- and shrubland sites in the Aveto Natural Park (Genoa) was investigated by the mapping method to obtain a first characterization. Overall, 160 individuals belonging to 20 species typical of such habitats were surveye.


Anonymous Referee #1 Received and published: 26 September 2017 The manuscript describes a system of two low-cost sensors, one for CO2 and one for O3, that were calibrated and deployed in Riverside, CA. This area of research is very active right now and this paper is timely as there are not a lot of studies that are published on low-cost CO2 sensors specifically that rigorously evaluate their performance, although many groups are working on this type of sensor. The paper is mostly well-written and organized, although there were a few confusing points to me over the language and relationship between the calibration, collocation, validation, and deployment periods


In this paper a cascode CMOS VCO with a source-damping-resistance technique is proposed to reach low phase noise. A cascode cross-coupling connection is able to enhance the quality factor (Q) of the tank. Furthermore, a source-damping-resistance technique is adopted to improve phase noise originating from different mechanism. An optimum damping resistance is studied for different offset of phase noise. Measured oscillation frequency is from 2.26 GHz to 2.14 GHz. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset is −125.9 dBc/Hz at 2.14 GHz, and the core power consumption is 3.0mW from a supply voltage of 1.5V. A FOM of −187.6 at 1MHz offset is obtained. Two different phase noise improvement techniques merged simultaneously are demonstrated.


In the article the probabilistic approach to the study of linear models of international trade was investigated. Transposition of the structural matrix coincides with the stochastic matrix of Markov chains, which allows you to examine every step of the trade exchange. Using z-transforms can circumvent the difficulties arising from the multiplicity of eigenvalues of stochastic matrices and provides an analytical view of the overall budget allocation between trading partners.


' INTERPUNCTIONEM p o s t TlfJ,r}<; SUStUlit Hermannus, qui aeque ad TI/ATJS pertinere £evyo<; atque ad 'ArpeiSav monuit.' Thus Paley put in a nutshell the history of the interpretation of this passage. Hermann saw that Tt^? cannot be a ' descriptive' genitive depending either on the two proper names or on feityo? 'ArpeiBdv, and all his successors have acquiesced in the opinion that Tififj<;, etc., is an ' expansion' of 'ArpeiSav. Well might Kennedy add to a lucid exposition of this view that ' the construction is remarkable.' Even if such an apposition is tolerable in itself (which I doubt), it is absolutely intolerable with Ti/w?s preceding 'ArpeiBav. But the Lexica are adamantine, and generation after generation of editors have been content to hand on the doctrine that Aeschylus somehow or other must have meant ' King Menelaos and Agamemnon, that staunch pair of Atreus' sons, two dignitaries endowed by Zeus with a throne and a sceptre each.'


Grafting of butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer on to LDPE was carried out by a solution polymerization technique. All the PA-6/LDPE/LDPE-g-(BuA-co-MA) blends were prepared by a two-step melt mixing technique. The blends were characterized by their morphology, mechanical properties and water absorption. By addition of just 2·4% of the LDPE-g-(BuA-co-MA), degree of grafting 12%, a remarkable improvement in the impact strength along with a reduction in water absorption of PA-6 was observed.


Background RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism used to fight various threats, including transposons, aberrant RNA, and some types of viruses. It relies on dsRNA detection and, through a mechanism involving Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) and Argonaute 2 (AGO2), together with a small RNA fragment (siRNA) as a complementary guide, binds to an RNA and cleaves it. Methods Using the cockroach Blattella germanica as a model, we examined AGO2 activity by depleting its mRNA levels using RNAi and analyzing the phenotypes produced. Results Silencing AGO2 expression had no remarkable effect on nymphal development or reproduction. dsRNA treatment triggered an immediate and transitory increase in AGO2 expression, independently of Dcr-2 action. In addition, we analyzed the siRNAs generated after injecting a heterologous dsRNA in control and AGO2-depleted animals. The results revealed that siRNAs were distributed non-uniformly along the dsRNA sequence. In AGO2-depleted animals, the proportion of 22 nucleotide reads was higher and accumulations of reads appeared in areas less well-represented in the controls. We also detected a slight preference for cytosine as the first nucleotide in controls to be lost in AGO2-depleted individuals. Conclusions/General significance The siRNAs produced from a dsRNA are heterogeneously distributed along the length of the dsRNA and this arrangement depends on the sequence. AGO2 exerts its role as nuclease on the siRNA duplexes independently of its action on the homologous mRNA. This study sheds light on an extremely useful process for reverse genetics in laboratories, in addition to the design of more effective, specific, and eco-friendly pest-control strategies. Highlights - RNA interference is used to fight cellular threats including transposons and viruses - Silencing AGO2 in Blattella germanica does not affect development or reproduction - siRNA distribution along the dsRNA sequence is non-uniform and sequence dependent - AGO2 depletion increased the proportion of 22 nt reads in certain areas


Hot water,ultrasonic wave and microwave extraction methods were used to obtain the schizophyllan from solid fermentation media.The optimum conditions for ultrasonic wave and microwave methods were studied,and the yields and molecular weight of the extracted schizophyllans were compared.The results showed that the optimum process parameters of microwave extraction were as the follows: power/volume 3.5W/ml,the ratio of material to water 1:20,8min.The yield of schizophyllan was 12.32%(g/100g dry basis),70.6% and 49.2% higher than hot water and ultrasonic wave extractions,respectively.Additionally,the microwave could significantly degrade schizophyllan,the molecular weight of its main fraction was dropped by 103 than that of the polysaccharide extracted by hot water,which improve the solubility of schizophyllan.Therefore,microwave was the appropriate extraction method of schizophyllan produced by solid fermentation.


Purpose: To evaluate of the mesopic vision and glare in normal subjects and post-LASIK patients by using mesoptometer. Methods: One hundred sixty eyes of eighty subjects with normal vision and no ocular disease were divided into four groups. Each twenty subjects were followed up for more than 3 months and the authors tested the mesopic vision and glare disability with Mesotest II. The authors also measured eighty eyes of forty patients by same means depending on pupil size and high order root mean square (RMS) values before LASIK surgery in 1st and 3rd months postoperatively and compared with data of normal subjects. Results: The mesopic vision and glare disability at 1:5 contrast level were extremly reduced in the group over 60 age old but there was no statistical significance. In post-LASIK patients, mesopic vision and glare disability were significantly reduced in 1st month after surgery. However the values returned nearly to preoperative figures in 3rd month. Patients with large pupil and high order RMS values reduced more in mesopic vision and glare disability but there was not statistical significance. Conclusions: The mesopic vision and glare disability were reduced in older age group and they were reduced in the patients with large pupils and high order RMS values in the early postoperative period after LASIK.


Abstract We investigated konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) corm production when grown from small corms at three plant densities for 1 or 2 years under shade in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Increasing plant densities from 28570 to 66 670 plants/ha by narrowing the intra‐row spacing from 0.7 to 0.3m in 0.5 m‐spaced rows had a large significant effect on the corm production/ha but no significant effect on the individual plant yields. Corm yields/ha were increased by 79% in the first year and 96% in the second year by increasing the plant density from low to high, with corm yields at the high plant density 11 t/ha in the first year and 30 t/ha in the second year. Further research is required to define the agronomic requirements that optimise the yield and quality of konjac corms. It is anticipated that by using higher plant densities and heavier corms at planting, corm yields could be further increased. This trial shows that konjac can be successfully grown in New Zealand but there is a need to develop practical production systems.


Abstract Purpose: To quantify the age-dependent changes in the relative volume of elastic fibers, collagen fibers and the proportion of collagen types I/III in the corpus spongiosum of rats. Methods: Forty-eight rats, raised under similar conditions, were divided into four groups (G1 to G4) and underwent penectomy at the ages of 6, 9, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Histological sections from the middle segment of the penis were stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin, Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red, the volumetric density of elastic fibers, collagen fibers and the proportion of collagen types I and III in the corpus spongiosum were determined by stereological analysis. Results: A reduction in the proportion of collagen I/III between the groups G3 and G4 (p < 0.048) was observed. In the volumetric analysis of elastic fiber, we observed a significant rise between the groups G2 and G3 (p < 0.03) and a reduction of the volume between the groups G3 and G4 (p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the quantity of total collagen between the groups (p > 0.54). Conclusions: Aging in rats did not change the quantity of total collagen but reduced the proportion of collagen types I/III and the volume of elastic fibers.


Calvarial hemangiomas are rare benign tumours of the skull bone for which seizure as a presentation is unusual; neurological deficits are uncommon. We report a case of cavernous hemangioma of the parietal bone causing seizure disorder in a 47 year old man. The tumor was removed enbloc with satisfactory methylmethacrylate cranioplasty. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Patient received short course of antiepileptic drugs with satisfactory recovery. This case demonstrates that seizure disorder can occur in Calvarial haemangiomas as a rare complication. A review of relevant literature is included herein.


Background: Carcinoma of cervix is the most common genital malignancy in India. It is an indolent cancer which can be picked up at an early stage using screening methods such as Papanicoloau smear and liquid based cytology. The present study was undertaken to analyze the age distribution, diagnosis, type of sample, adequacy of sample and results of patients undergoing cervical cytology screening.
Methods: The study was conducted using 300 random cytology reports from the pathology department of a tertiary care center in the period of 5 months from January 2019 to May 2019. Patient's data was collected and analyzed.
Results: The percentage of patients in each age group undergoing cervical cytology was: 21-30 years (7.4%), 31-40 years (14.6%), 41-50 years (36%), 51-60 years (30.7%), 61-70 years (10.7%) and 71-80 years (0.6%). The most common diagnosis/indication for doing cervical cytology is screening (41.6%), followed by abnormal uterine bleeding (24%). 95% of samples sent for cytology were liquid based cytology. Among the 300 samples sent to the pathology department for cervical cytology, 290 were adequate for opinion (97%) and 10 were inadequate for opinion (3%). The results are as follows: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (68%), inflammatory smear (8%), ASCUS (6%), ASC-H (3%), LSIL (9%), HSIL (6%).
Conclusions: Most samples belonged to the age group of 41-50 years. Common indication being screening. Most samples were adequate for opinion. Most commonly, they were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy.


Neoclassical theory assumes that promoting competition is one of important measures to enhance efficiency. However, considering the specific characteristics of the banking industry, the role of competition on bank efficiency is still under debate. This paper aims to analyse the impact of competition on bank efficiency in the Indonesian context, especially in the post-crisis era, covering the period from 2001 to 2008. Competition is measured by Panzar and Rosse methodology, while efficiency is estimated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The empirical result shows that the level of competition is found to increase efficiency; hence it supports the competition-efficiency hypothesis. In this respect, we conclude that, an increase in the competition status up to a certain level (not excessive) is considered as an important policy in the effort to improve the bank efficiency.


Introduction
 : Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the current standard of care for large vessel occlusion stroke but is associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Although several studies have investigated the risk factors, there is still limited, not well‐established data. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors of HT after MT.

 Methods
 : We retrospectively reviewed all MT patients who were treated at a single comprehensive stroke center from 12/2016 to 7/2019. Variables included initial NIHSS, blood glucose, initial systolic blood pressure, age, gender, IV tPA, time from door to recanalization, and TICI score. Outcome measures were HT on post‐procedure or 24‐hour post‐tPA head CT/MRI as well as modified Rankin scale (mRS) upon discharge.

 Results
 : Among 74 patients (68.8 ± 14 years, men 47.3%), 9 (12.2%) experienced hemorrhagic transformation after thrombectomy. Average admitting NIHSS was significantly higher in the HT group (22 vs 16.8, p = 0.041). TICI 3 after MT was protective for HT (OR 0.078, 95% CI 0.009‐0.663). IV tPA (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.448‐10.326) was associated with good neurological outcome at discharge (mRS < = 2), but HT was not (OR 0.114, 95% CI 0.013‐0.964). Patients with mRS < = 2 upon discharge were younger (65.2±12 vs 71.9±15, p = 0.04) and had lower initial BG (124±45.8 vs 157±69.6, P = 0.02).

 Conclusions
 : TICI 3 score, decreased NIHSS, and lower BG were associated with less HT and better outcomes in our MT cohort. Admitting NIHSS > = 20 may be a reasonable threshold to predict HT after MT. Our findings are consistent with the TICI‐ASPECTS‐glucose (TAG) score to predict sICH; however, we used initial NIHSS as a surrogate for ASPECTS. Further studies may utilize additional quantitative measures such as CTP data to predict HT.


The writer analyses the crucial distinction between financial derivatives and basic financial instrument on the basis of studying the concept and legal nature of financial derivatives,points out that the essential attribute of basic financial instrument is to make the investment and the essential attribute of financial derivatives is the risk management.Then the article discusses what the main tasks of derivatives market legal regulation are.


Multinational companies are taking advantage of the services provided through a cloud service provider (CS P). It is generally observed that, the companies provide customized services to the user as an added benefit rather than using the initial services. The motive of the proposed study is to build a trusted relationship between the user and service provider. This study analyzes several parameters to scale up an approach by adopting advanced technologies. In this study, a matrix has been prepared by including the utility value for the fruit factors used by the user. Compatibility connection between multiple customers are also measured by obtaining services from the particular company. The proposed matrix can identify the actual use of the significant cloud computing features.


This letter presents a DC break for a waveguide developed for transmission coefficient higher than 90% at 2.45 GHz and for 100 kV of high-voltage insulation. The DC break consists of 15 dielectric sections (G-10) inserted between metal sections (Al) with WR340 flanges. Experimental results demonstrate high-voltage insulation up to 110 kV without any discharges and 97% of power transmission efficiency. The developed DC break achieves three times greater performance than that of previous DC breaks in the perspective of insulation and compactness. The waveguide DC break enables the operation of a cost-effective and compact microwave transmission system in a high-voltage environment while avoiding the usage of a high-voltage isolation transformer.


The high number of patients who come for ear therapy with massage skills, the P3T Center intends to carry out an observational screening of ear therapy. This screening aims to find out how the diagnostic method and application of ear therapy with massage skills and the benefits of ear therapy to overcome the problem of hearing loss (hearing impairment). This screening design uses an observational method in which the researcher makes observations and interviews with respondents. Data collection techniques were carried out by looking at the results of the examination of respondents' hearing tests and the results of interviews with respondents. Patient therapy results in 18 people (60%) no progress or the same as the original condition. this shows that therapy can be said to be ineffective in curing ear disorders. The results of the audiometry examination of the right and left ear stated that none of the patients was normal. Even though there are patients who claim to be able to hear loud sounds in the questionnaire, it is not supported by audiometry results. So it can be concluded that ear therapy with massage skills has no impact on patients suffering from hearing loss.


STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data, ISO 10303) data for numerical control (NC), or the new standard STEP-NC (ISO 14649), is intended to provide full product and process data interoperability between computer-aided manufacturing systems and machine tool controllers. Wireless networks have been widely developed compare to wired network, and the wireless communication removes the restriction of wired connections. One of successful wireless networks architecture is WiFi (wireless fidelity) and it is very popular in providing different data services. Integrated WiFi network is a great potential for the future due to the high data transport capacity of WiFi. Google's Android platform is a widely anticipated open source operating system for mobile phones and the idea to integrate with NC machine through WiFi will be a contribution for manufacturing industries. This research focuses to explore the theories and techniques behind procedure of STEP-NC system controlled by android platform through WiFi. The developed application controller enables the machine tool to be controlled based on wireless communication, android platform and STEP-NC data generated from CAD/CAM systems.


Summary: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the present treatment for hematological malignancies, Two major drawbacks of allogeneic BMT are graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and leukemia relapse. The use of HLA‐matched siblings as marrow donors results in the best transplant outcome. Nonetheless, the results of clinical BMT reveal that the selection of MHC‐identical donors'bone marrow (BM) is no guarantee for avoiding GVHD or ensuring disease‐free survival even when donor and recipient are closely related. It is believed that non‐MHC‐encoded so‐called minor histocompatibility antigens (mHag) are involved in both graft‐versus‐host and graft‐versus‐leukemia activities. The recent new insights into the chemical nature of mHag not only reveal their physiological function but, more importantly, provide insights into their rule in BMT. Together with the information on the human mHag genetics and tissue distribution gathered in the past, we may now apply this knowledge to the benefit of human BMT. Directly relevant is the utility of mHag molecular typing for diagnostics in BM donor selection. Most promising is the use of mHag‐specific cytotoxic T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia.


The article discusses the opportunities of establishing a system for human resources management in a municipal administration as an example of a public organization operating in tcontemporary dynamic business environment and new trends in theory and practice of human resources management. The main conclusions underline the importance of the human factor to achieve efficiency in organizations and the need for application of new approaches in human resources management, incl. in the structures of public administration. Key words: human resources, management, public administration


Aiming at explaining the rich decorative effects of hollowed-out technique,following the rules of formal beauty,it analyzed how these effects were achieved,from three visual forms of two-dimension,three-dimension and multi-dimension.It discussed the decoration expression of picture and bottom,color contrast,hollowed-out and separative picture,hollowed-out and three dimensional modeling,hollowed-out space modeling as well as light and shadow.In addition,the ethnical character and the international perspective of hollowed-out art are confirmed,and issues of further exploration are mentioned.


It is a suitable angle to study modern history with dialectical relations between knowing and doing.The goals of nationalism,democracy and the people's livelihood that put forward by Dr.Sun Yat-sen was the first true knowledge of modern history.It is another true knowledge of modern history that depending on labouring people to oppose imperialism and feudalism.The Chinese Communist Party upheld the two true knowledge and became the leading nucleus of revolution in modern history.Mao Zedong Thought was a summary report of revolutional experience on modern history.It hasn't been a suitable political thought for contemporary history and the present age.The political assignment of contemporary history and the present age should has been to develop nationalism,democracy and the people's livelihood.


Increasing market opportunities in the European Community require product lifecycle impact analysis early in the design stage. Decisions such as material selection and processing ultimately have a big impact on our environment. In this paper, we present a system for evaluating the environmental impact of product designs. This system has as its core a staged approach which matches analysis tools to appropriate stages in product design. In the first stage, when little detailed information is available about a product, matrix approaches are used. These have been pioneered by Graedel and Allenby (1994, 1995). We have adapted the matrix method to match the sphere of influence of our design team and the likelihood that change can be made. The focus is to make changes where possible while still including impacts from outside our sphere of influence. The second stage in product design starts during the design of piece parts. After considerable search for a design tool for this stage in product development, at the time no tools were available. To meet the needs of designers during this stage we developed a software system for determining an environmental score, beginning with RF shield components and continuing with other design applications. A team of engineers and researchers from across the corporation determined eight criteria to measure the shield's environmental score. The criteria are diverse (different ranges, units, and importance levels); they are often in competition with each other (improvements in one result in worsening of others); and each impacts the overall score differently. These factors are all considered in the scoring system. A decision analysis method was used to combine the eight criteria into a single metric. A Value function for each criteria was constructed based on its impact. The combination of impacts, or values, were aggregated into an overall multicriteria value function. The overall environmental score depends the current values of all criteria as well as the importance weightings for each. The weightings represent allowable tradeoffs between competing criteria. The environmental scoring software can easily be extended to evaluate the environmental impact of other mechanical design applications including housings and packaging. Work is underway to extend the system application to whole products. In the final stage of product design, prototype manufacture, traditional life cycle tools can be employed. The scoring algorithms developed in the previous tool can be used for assessment of the results of a Life Cycle Inventory. Although Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has not been performed on a Motorola product, it is expected that as LCA matures LCA studies will become more common.


Modeling Visual Attention and Category Learning in Amnesiacs, Striatal-Damaged Patients, and Normal Aging W. Todd Maddox & J. Vincent Filoteo This chapter reviews a body of work conducted in our laboratories that applies quantitative methods, developed from studies of healthy young adults, to better understand the perceptual and cognitive processes in certain clinical populations and healthy older adults. In keeping with the mission of this volume, the chapter will emphasize the details of the methodology, but will supplement these with findings from specific clinical applications. Our aim is to provide a thorough enough presentation of the technical details (and relevant references) so that the reader can apply these techniques in their own research. All of our quantitative methods derive from General Recognition Theory (GRT; Ashby & Townsend, 1986) which is a multidimensional extension of signal detection theory (e.g., Green & Swets, 1966). GRT acknowledges the existence of noise in the perceptual system, and assumes that repeated presentations of the same stimulus yield unique perceptual effects. Each stimulus presentation is represented by a point in a multidimensional psychological space, and the distribution of percepts over trials is described by a multivariate probability distribution. GRT also acknowledges the importance of separating perceptual processing assumptions from decisional processing assumptions. A detailed understanding of human behavior requires knowledge of the interplay between perceptual and decisional processes, and thus requires a theory that acknowledges their separate and unique influences. The focus of this chapter is on applications of GRT, and the toolbox of quantitative methods it holds, toward an understanding of perceptual and cognitive functioning in clinical populations and normal aging. Our review focuses on the study of attentional processes and category learning in patients with


Network Embedding (NE) is an important method to learn the representations of network 8 via a low-dimensional space. Conventional NE models focus on capturing the structure information 9 and semantic information of vertices while neglecting such information for edges. In this work, we 10 propose a novel NE model named BimoNet to capture both the structure and semantic information 11 of edges. BimoNet is composed of two parts, i.e., the bi-mode embedding part and the deep neural 12 network part. For bi-mode embedding part, the first mode named add-mode is used to express the 13 entity-shared features of edges and the second mode named subtract-mode is employed to represent 14 the entity-specific features of edges. These features actually reflect the semantic information. For 15 deep neural network part, we firstly regard the edges in a network as nodes, and the vertices as links, 16 which will not change the overall structure of the whole network. Then we take the nodes' adjacent 17 matrix as the input of the deep neural network as it can obtain similar representations for nodes 18 with similar structure. Afterwards, by jointly optimizing the objective function of these two parts, 19 BimoNet could preserve both the semantic and structure information of edges. In experiments, 20 we evaluate BimoNet on three real-world datasets and task of relation extraction, and BimoNet is 21 demonstrated to outperform state-of-the-art baseline models consistently and significantly. 22


A novel technique based on the coupling between electrons and molecular vibration levels has been used to investigate the temporal buildup of vibrational energy during the active period of pulsed N2 discharges. The radiometric technique monitors the decay of the electron average energy Ūe in the afterglow of a discharge excited by voltage pulses of variable duration. Since the electron distribution function in the N2 afterglow is often non‐Maxwellian, Ūe is determined by first calculating the electron velocity distribution function from microwave measurements of the collisional broadening of the radiation temperature of electron cyclotron emission. If the quasi steady state value of Ūe [⪞] 0.5 eV in the afterglow, the electrons are essentially in thermal equilibrium with the molecular vibrational levels. Thus, the measured effective electron temperature can be taken as a direct measure of the vibrational temperature achieved in the active period. Results of this first low pressure study yield an effective...


Four new messages for decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are proposed. An a posteriori probability ratio (APPR) message, an a posteriori probability (APP) message, and an a posteriori probability difference (APPD) message for variable and check nodes are derived for sum-product decoding of LDPC codes. Also, we propose a hybrid APPD-APPR message, which denotes a hybrid message with an APPD variable node message and APPR check node message. All the proposed messages require only addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations for decoding of LDPC codes. We show that the hybrid APPD-APPR message-passing has the lowest complexity among the proposed messages.


The church is now playing a semi-official role in relation to the private and public life. Thsi give folf churches a partly new role as arenas for communication.


The Bureau of Commerical Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Honolulu initiated an oceanographic investigation to gain an understanding of the mechanisms producing changes in the properties and water masses of the trade-wind zone of the North Pacific Ocean. The Bureau undertook this study because changes in the distribution of water masses near Hawaii directly affect the availability of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in a predictable manner [Seckel, 1963]. Therefore, both for ecological studies and for predicting favorable environmental conditions, it is important to understand first the basic structure and mechanism of change in the ocean.

A study dealing with changes in the distribution of properties and water masses in the sea requires consideration of the theory of the distribution of variables for heat, salt, and momentum budgets [Sverdrup et al., 1942]. Involved are heat and water exchange at the sea surface, the wind stress, and the effects of water motion in advection and mixing; also essential is a knowledge of the local time change of properties.


This study was performed to investigate the stress level and health-related behaviors of nurses and to provide basic information for developing educational programs in the health care field. The subjects of this study were 197 nurses and 94 nursing assistants working at hospitals in the Kyung-nam area. A survey was conducted using a self-administered
questionnaire in November, 2002. The results were as follows:The average age and work experience of the subjects were 26.9 and 5.6 years, respectively. The number of respondents in the shift and non-shift operations was equally distributed. The mean height and weight were 161.2 cm and 52.7 kg, respectively. Even though the average body mass index (BMI)
and obesity index were normal in the subjects, 9.2% of the subjects were overweight/obese, while 28.9% of the subjects were under weight, according to the obesity index. The mean score of stress was 27.5 ± 4.6 out of 50 points. Most of the subjects were highly stressed about the amount of their work, problems regarding their future, and relationships with their
superiors. With regard to changes in food intake due to stress, 44.1% showed an increased intake, while 32.3% showed a reduced intake. The degree of health consciousness of the married nurses, those over 36 years of age, and those with over 10 years of nursing experience was significantly higher than that of the unmarried nurses, those under 35 years of age, and those with under 10 years of nursing experience (p
(45.6%), exercise and dieting (36.9%). TV/radio (49.5%) and newspaper/magazines (47.1%) were the primary sources of nutritional and health information for the subjects, and professional (25.1%) and the internet (13.4%) were ranked relatively highly. The food components of most concern to the subjects during meal time were (in order of importance)
fats (51.9%), calories (40.2%) and salt (35.1%). The subjects considered taking a rest (73.5%) as the most important factor in maintaining an optimal health status, followed by self-relaxation (56.4%), moderation in diet (39.5), bathing or using a sauna (25.7%) and exercising (22.7%). (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(5) : 781 ~ 793, 2003)
KEY WORDS : nurse·stress·health consciousness


The influence of stimulus duration on the components N120 and P200 of the slow evoked potential was investigated at durations 5, 20, 50, 100 and 250 msec. A strong effect could be observed up to 50 msec. The results are discussed in relation to physiological and psychoacoustic data. A simplification is proposed which makes the test valuable as a clinical tool.


Significance Utilizing low-cost materials, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are beginning to attract considerable attention, particularly for large-scale utility grid applications. However, electrochemical performance of most SIB active materials is still insufficient for various practical applications. In the current study, we discovered a vanadium-based ortho-diphosphate, Na7V4(P2O7)4PO4, or VODP, that holds exceptional electrochemical properties represented by well-defined high voltage profiles at 3.88 V (vs. Na/Na+) and substantial capacity retention over 1,000 cycles. A theoretical analysis suggests that an intermediate phase encountered during phase transformation of VODP is crucial for better kinetics during battery operations, which can be expanded as a general principle in understanding diverse battery materials. Sodium ion batteries offer promising opportunities in emerging utility grid applications because of the low cost of raw materials, yet low energy density and limited cycle life remain critical drawbacks in their electrochemical operations. Herein, we report a vanadium-based ortho-diphosphate, Na7V4(P2O7)4PO4, or VODP, that significantly reduces all these drawbacks. Indeed, VODP exhibits single-valued voltage plateaus at 3.88 V vs. Na/Na+ while retaining substantial capacity (>78%) over 1,000 cycles. Electronic structure calculations reveal that the remarkable single plateau and cycle life originate from an intermediate phase (a very shallow voltage step) that is similar both in the energy level and lattice parameters to those of fully intercalated and deintercalated states. We propose a theoretical scheme in which the reaction barrier that arises from lattice mismatches can be evaluated by using a simple energetic consideration, suggesting that the presence of intermediate phases is beneficial for cell kinetics by buffering the differences in lattice parameters between initial and final phases. We expect these insights into the role of intermediate phases found for VODP hold in general and thus provide a helpful guideline in the further understanding and design of battery materials.


sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming very popular due to their large use in many of applications such as monitoring and collecting data from undisturbed dangerous environments. But the nodes in a sensor network are severely affected by energy. Reducing energy consumption of nodes to increase the network lifetime is considered as a most important challenge, so this paper will simulate the Linguistic Fuzzy Trust Model (LFTM) over dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks to save energy and shows the effect of dynamics in the performance of the model. A comparison in terms of the selection percentage of trustworthy servers (the accuracy of the model) and the average path length is also presented between LFTM model over dynamic WSNs and LFTM model over static WSNs. Also in this paper, a comparison between the Linguistic Fuzzy Trust Model (LFTM) and the Bio- inspired Trust and Reputation Model for Wireless Sensor Networks (BTRM-WSN) is achieved in terms of the accuracy and the average path length. Both models will give quite good and accurate outcomes over dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks.


In examining how stress influences consumer saving and spending, the authors propose that consumers who experience a stressful situation allocate their resources strategically to gain control of their environment. A series of studies shows that this strategic allocation of resources occurs in two ways. Consumers experiencing stress may show increased saving behavior, which assures them that monetary resources will be available when needed. Alternatively, consumers experiencing stress may show increased spending behavior, directed specifically toward products that the consumer perceives to be necessities and that allow for control in an otherwise uncontrollable environment. This conceptualization and the related findings can inform assessments of when stress will lead to beneficial or impulsive consumer behaviors.