The evolution of a momentary, spanwise‐uniform disturbance in a plane mixing layer was studied experimentally. Since interaction between the disturbance and the two‐dimensional (primary) instability of the mean flow is unavoidable, excitation by a low‐level, two‐dimensional, time‐harmonic carrier wave train provided a clear phase reference. The disturbance was generated by a lower frequency pulsed amplitude modulation of the excitation waveform. The duration of the modulating pulse was equal to the carrier wave period, and the degree of modulation was either 2 or 4. A demodulation technique was used to discriminate between the response to the modulating pulse and the harmonic excitation. This technique decomposes the response into a family of modal two‐dimensional wave packets, allowing detailed study of the disturbance, and, in particular, the propagation, amplification, and some of the nonlinear aspects of the behavior of its leading modal components. The fundamental packet is advected with the mean vel...


403 connector and motor or valve cover member having connectors for connecting to an electrical terminal (406) of a fuel injector (an internal combustion engine, extending comprising a himself (in a longitudinal direction 104) rail (402), wherein at least one insulating body (100) in the longitudinal direction (104) of the rail (402), wherein the at least one insulator (100) protrudes in a transverse direction (106) of the rail (402) disposed with respect to linearly displaceable, wherein the at least one insulator (100) on a side opposite to the rail (402) facing away in the transverse direction (106), means (107, 201) for oil-tight, releasable, electrical connection with the electrical connection (406) of the fuel injector (403), said rail (402) includes an in having the longitudinal direction (104) extending guide (405) that guides the at least one insulating body (100) relative to the rail (402) in the longitudinal direction (104) linear holds, and in the transverse direction (106) relative to the rail (402) form-fitting, wherein the at least one insulating body (100) with respect to the rail (402) rotatable about an axis in the transverse direction (106).


The evidence in Isaiah, as well as elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible, for interest in the conversion of gentiles, places before us the question of the extent to which such attitudes were embraced by Jewish communities in Palestine and in the diaspora in the period of the second temple. This chapter explores the attitudes existed in second temple Judaism regarding gentiles and their conversion, and raises the further question of the way in which exegesis of Isaiah and other scriptures was related to understandings of mission and conversion in second temple Judaism. It examines Jewish documents for the evidence they provide for the understandings and attitudes which underlay Jewish approaches to gentiles and their conversion. It begins with Septuagint Isaiah and then reveals, contrary to conventional scholarly wisdom, a vital relationship between scriptural exegesis and understandings of gentile conversion in second temple Judaism.Keywords: gentiles conversion; Isaiah; Jewish communities; scriptural exegesis; second temple Judaism


Digital literacy is a multidimensional concept that encompasses a complex integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and cognition dimensions, which gains increased attention in the context of higher education. The objective of this study is to analyze the scientific production of digital literacy in higher education from 2012 to 2021 based on the Scopus database, and reveal the current research trends on this subject. To this end, a bibliometric study was carried out, which first investigated some variables that addressed different features, from the distribution of publications to the most productive countries/regions and the prolific publication venues, and continued with the analysis of the authors and the keywords co-occurrence through VOSviewer software. The results show that the most frequently explored themes in the area of digital literacy can be detected, which focused on the integration of digital technology, ontology research and the educational practices of digital literacy, and the effectiveness evaluation of digital literacy in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study are beneficial for researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of digital literacy in the domain of higher education, and provide new directions for future research.


A phase locked loop (PLL) design based on a new phase detector (PD) is presented. It can be used as a part of data/clock recovery (DCR) systems targeting the applications of 2 Gbit/s-3 Gbit/s range Ethernet and optic fiber transceivers in current semiconductor processes. A key component in the circuit is a new non-sequential PD that provides for very high speed operation. Using TSMC 0.25 u CMOS process device models and the HSPICE simulator, results show that the PLL can operate at 2.5 GHz over process corners and a 0/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C temperature range. Total power dissipation is 40 mW with a single 2.5 V power supply.


Douglas Gerber has given heroic service to the cause of Pindaric scholarship. All Pindarists must acknowledge, in particular, his 1969 bibliography, his 1976 inventory of emendations, and his large 1982 commentary on O. 1. His new commentary on O. 9, the μrst 'detailed commentary' on this ode (Preface), is a learned study in the same vein. Unlike some commentaries (from Jebb's Sophocles—and Gildersleeve's Pindar—to Macleod's Iliad 24), this one has no literary-critical pretensions (which is not entirely predictable: G.'s O. 1 commentary indeed had some). By Pindar's own high standards, O. 9 is not an overwhelmingly impressive work of the human spirit, but we learn little from the commentary what those high standards might amount to. The brief introduction, indicatively, hints at no interpretative perspectives beyond traditional historicist method and neo-Bundyan preoccupation with 'compositional and encomiastic techniques' (p. 11). G.'s audience, correlatively, is his fellow formalists: he eschews comment on various substantive topics, notably the foundation myths of Opous. Within these limitations, philological expertise and command of secondary literature produce helpful discussions of detail. G. makes a good case for taking α ξ&ταιΚ * λα φ ξ (14) as parenthetic, λο μαξ (34) as transferred epithet, 4ερμοξ (108) as referring to Pindar's ode. He is illuminating on the 'illusion of intimacy' in 21; on war and gods in 40–1; on 'novelty' (ξεψυ σψξ) and 'appeal to tradition' (μ ηοξυι) in 49; on the operative implications of (ζ0-αιΚ in 60 and υ μνα in 82; on the implicit comparison between victor Epharmostus and hero Patroclus that inheres in the metrical/phraseological parallelism of πα Κ 6ν `υσε δαιΚ (70) and πα Κ δ (ξ `ρ0ξαιΚ (88); on the syntax in 103–4; on the 'boldness' (ραστ ψξ) that links poet and athlete (109); on the tricolon in 111. He has a useful comparative appendix on victory catalogues in Pindar, Bacchylides and 'agonistic epigrams' (pp. 71–8) that supersedes Thummer and De Conno. And then one has criticisms. Bare notes of the form 'uncommon word, found only here and in late prose' (of νεηαμ δοωοΚ 16) are frustrating: what follows from such a spread? 28: τοζο is hardly evocative of wrestling. 70–3: the special status of Achilles (especially, but not only, in Aeginetan odes) deserves comment, even encomiastic comment (glory by association). On 4ψυοι (19) and δεωι ηφιοξ (111) see also my discussions in CQ (1983), 316–17, and TAPA (1998), 73. On α /ξ (60), G. is content to refer to Pfeij¶er (Three Aeginetan Odes), whose bibliography stops at Degani in the early 1960s; add e.g. Burkert, Eranos Jahrbuch (1982), 346–7, and Johansen-Whittle on Aesch. Supp. 46 (Pfeij¶er's is a generous but hit-and-miss compilation: here and 22   


AIDS and HIV Infection. New Perspectives. The Virology of the Hivs. Current Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS and HIV Infection. Epidemiology of AIDS in Developed Countries. Epidemiology and Sociological Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection in Developing Countries. Clinical Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection in the Developed World. Clinical Aspects of HIV Infection in Developing Countries. Therapy for HIV Infection and AIDS. HIV and Social Psychiatry. Special Problems of Injecting Drug Misusers. HIV Testing: Problems and Perceptions. The Impact of AIDS in the Developed World. The Impact of AIDS in the Developing World. Health Care and Social Policy Issues. Appendix: WHO Report on Criteria for HIV Screening Programme


This study is an attempt to examine about the extrovert and the introvert students' speaking skill at the eleventh grade of Senior High School. The samples of this research were 44 students. The design in this research was comparative analysis design. The data were obtained through personality test whether the students are the extrovert or introvert after that the researcher used simulation and role-play technique for testing the students speaking skill. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula to investigate whether there are significant difference result between the extrovert and the introvert students in their speaking skill. The result of the calculation shows that there is no different result between the extrovert and the introvert students in their speaking skill. Groups, the extrovert and the introvert students can perform better English speaking skill through their own way of learning. Hopefully this research can be useful for achieving more effective English teaching and learning process.


This note generalizes the previous results of the closed-loop eigenstructure assignment via output feedback in linear multivariable systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the closed-loop eigenstructure assignment by output feedback are presented. Some known results on entire eigenstructure assignment are deduced from this result.


This paper reports for the first time experiments on the fusion of footsteps and face on an unsupervised and not controlled environment for person authentication. Footstep recognition is a relatively new biometric based on signals extracted from people walking over floor sensors. The idea of the fusion between footsteps and face starts from the premise that in an area where footstep sensors are installed it is very simple to place a camera to capture also the face of the person that walks over the sensors. This setup may find application in scenarios like ambient assisted living, smart homes, eldercare, or security access. The paper reports a comparative assessment of both biometrics using the same database and experimental protocols. In the experimental work we consider two different applications: smart homes (small group of users with a large set of training data) and security access (larger group of users with a small set of training data) obtaining results of 0.9% and 5.8% EER respectively for the fusion of both modalities. This is a significant performance improvement compared with the results obtained by the individual systems.


We compare and contrast Description Logic (DL) and Order-Sorted Feature (OSF) Logic from the perspective of using them for expressing and reasoning with knowledge structures of the kind used for the Semantic Web. Introduction The advent of the Semantic Web has spurred a great deal of interest in various Knowldege Representation formalisms for expressing, and reasoning with, so-called formal ontologies. Such ontologies are essentially sets of expressions describing data and properties thereof. Data is generally organized into ordered hierarchies of set-denoting concepts where the order denotes set inclusion. Properties are binary relations involving these concepts. This set-theoretic semantics is amenable to a crisp formal rendering based on first-order logic, and therefore to proof-theoretic operational semantics. Description Logic (DL) and Order-Sorted Feature (OSF) logic are two mathematical formalisms that possess such proof-theories. Both are direct descendants of Ron Brachman's original ideas [1]. This inheritance goes through my own early work formalizing Brachman's ideas [2], which in turn inspired the work of Gert Smolka, who pioneered the use of constraints both for the DL [3] and OSF [4] formalisms. While the DL approach has become the mainstream of research on the Semantic Web, the lesser known OSF formalisms have evolved out of Unification Theory [5], and been used in Constraint-Logic Programming and Computational Linguistics [6–19]. In this short communication (extracted from [20]), we compare and contrast DL and OSF logics with the purpose of using them effectively for ontological representation and reasoning. Relation between DL and OSF Formalisms The two formalisms for describing attributed typed objects of interest—viz., DL and OSF—have several common, as well as distinguishing, aspects. Thanks to both formalisms using the common language of FOL for expressing semantics, they may thus be easily compared—see, for example, [21, 22]. We here brush on some essential points of comparison and contrast. Common Aspects DL reasoning is generally carried out using (variations on) Deductive Tableau methods [23]. This is also the case of the constraint propagation rules of Fig. 1, which simply mimick a Deductive Tableau decision procedure [24]. OSF reasoning is performed by the OSF-constraint normalization rules of Figs. 2 and 3, which implement a logic of sorted-feature equality. 1 Due to severe, and strictly enforced, space limitation in these proceedings, most of the points we make here are further elaborated for the interested reader in [20]. 2 Although one can find some publications on Description Logics that do not (fully) use Tableaux reasoning for their operational semantics and mix it with resolution (i.e., Prolog technology), the overwhelming majority follow the official W3C recommendations based on Tableaux methods for TBox reasoning. 3 The constraint-rule notation we use is Plotkin's SOS style [30]. The constraint system ALCNR is given here as an exemplar of a DL Tableaux-based reasoning system. It is neither the most expressive nor the most efficient. However, it uses the same style of formulaexpansion rules used by all Tableaux-based DL systems such as, in particular, the ever-growing family of esoterically-named Description Logics SHIQ, SHOIN , SHOIQ, SHOQ(D), SRIQ, and other SROIQ, which underlie all the official nocturnal bird languages promoted by the W3C to enable the Semantic Web—see for example the "official" DL site (http://dl.kr.org/) as well as the output of one of its most prolific spokesperson (http//www.cs.man.ac.uk/ horrocks/Publications/). (C⊓) CONJUNCTIVE CONCEPT:


It is as commonplace as it is true to say that Bleak House (1852–53) is a scathing attack on the law and the legal system. To the best of my knowledge, the least condemnatory reading is that of Brenda Welch, who considers that the novel is asking for reform of the legal system and profession (48, 58–59). Still, says Welch, what Dickens offers is a reformist message, not a plan; he calls for the education of lawyers to the duties of the profession (60). In fact, there are moments in the novel where the legal system appears beneficent; these, as I shall argue here, serve an overall function that has been overlooked. That is, to connect Bleak House in general with the field of jurisprudential enquiry – the study of the role, content, form and quality of the law – which was gaining ground in nineteenth-century Britain and in Victorian legal thought. To establish these arguments, I first discuss the legal background to Bleak House, for example the proposals for reform and the actual reforms which happened from the 1850s onwards, using, inter alia, material from the periodical press. Then, I consider the appearance of the field of jurisprudence in Victorian Britain, as well as (briefly) landmarks of Victorian case law. Finally, I examine benign examples of the workings of the legal system in Bleak House, suggesting the ways in which the novel is associated with a jurisprudential and philosophic, rather than monolithically condemnatory, response to the law.


Nonlinear Adaptive Stabilization via System Immersion: Control Design and Applications Cascaded Nonlinear Time-varying Systems: Analysis and Design Control of Mechanical Systems from Aerospace Engineering Compositional Modelling of Distributed-parameter Systems Algebraic Analysis of Control Systems Defined by Partial Differential Equations Structural Properties of Discrete and Continuous Linear Time-varying Systems: A Unified Approach.


ABSTRACT: The conservation of haylage (a pre-dried feed) can be challenging, since there is an increased risk of mould growth, which can contaminate this foodstuff with mycotoxins. However, when the hygienic quality is secured, haylage enhances grass palatability and provide enough supply of dry matter throughout the year. Due to the lack of information regarding its effect on blood parameters in horses fed exclusively with this foodstuff, the aim of this study is to provide information regarding its use in comparison to hay and ensure that it does not affect horses' biochemical profile. Twelve Quarter Horse broodmares were distributed into two groups, each fed with Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) hay or haylage for a period of 28 days, and the biochemical profile was done in five different times (T0 before the experiment started and, chronologically, seven days apart - T1, T2, T3 and T4), It was analyzed total protein (TP) and its fractioning; enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl-transferase; endogenous catabolism products urea and creatinine; and ions calcium and phosphorus. Mycotoxins in haylage were also investigated and remained below the legislation thresholds. Only TP was higher in the last sampling (T4) of the haylage group, which may be related to the foodstuff's higher protein digestibility. No differences were observed between serum enzymes, urea, creatinine and Ca/P from both experimental groups. Haylage has proven to be safe, when well prepared for horses, without causing impairing side effects, as shown by the normal serum biochemistry parameters presented in this study.


Background. The long-term function of lung transplants is limited by chronic rejection (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, BOS). Due to lack of specific markers, BOS is diagnosed clinically. Because there is strong evidence that alloimmunity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of BOS, we investigated whether soluble CD30 (sCD30), a T-cell activation marker, would correlate with BOS. Methods. Sera collected serially from BOS+ (n=20) and matched BOS− (n=20) lung transplant (LT) patients were analyzed for sCD30 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pretransplant sera and sera from normal donors were also analyzed. Results. PreLT levels were comparable to normal subjects. However, posttransplant there was a significant elevation in sCD30 levels during BOS development in all BOS+ patients, compared to BOS− (mean 139.8±10.7 vs. 14.8±2.7 U/ml, P<0.001). sCD30 levels declined in the BOS+ patients but were still elevated compared to BOS− (48.52±5.04 vs. 7.19±2.9, P<0.0001). Conclusions. We conclude that sCD30 may represent a novel marker to monitor the development of BOS.


Compared with certain literatures in western architectural history as a reflecting mirror,this article attempts to provide an analysis on the common characters of architectural evaluation represented in ancient Chinese literatures,especially in Ming and Qing dynasties.And a further observation is willing to be provoked on the natures and characters of Chinese architectural ideological turn in the process of social modernization rupture.


Terahertz (THz) imaging system has great potentials for material identification, security screening, circuit inspection, bioinformatics and bio-imaging because it can penetrate various non-metallic materials and inhibits unique spectral fingerprints of a great variety of optically opaque materials in our daily lives. However, THz emitters and detectors are still extremely expensive. Therefore, the single-pixel compressive sensing imaging technique becomes a potential solution for the implementation of a THz imaging system. This paper presents a tensor-based single-pixel compressive sensing model and a reconstruction algorithm for THz single-pixel imaging systems based on the generalized tensor compressive sensing framework. To accelerate the THz image reconstruction, a low-complexity 2-D compressive sensing processor based on power singular value decomposition method (2DCS-PSVD) was designed and implemented in this paper. In the $32\times32$ single-pixel THz imaging system, the 2DCS-PSVD algorithm requires 78.9% complexity of the modified generalized tensor compressive sensing parallel algorithm (GTCS-P) with little image quality degradation. The 2DCS-PSVD processor was further designed and implemented in the Xilinx ZCU102 SOC FPGA plate-form. The proposed FPGA-based tensor-based compressive sensing processor achieved a throughput of 1127 frames/sec and had the highest normalized hardware efficiency compared to other state-of-the-art works in the literature.


Maruca testulalis Geyer occurs eight generations in Southern Zhejiang each year, and the eighth generation is incomplete. There are distinctly high peaks in the last ten days of June, in the last twenty days of July, in the first twenty days of August, in the middle ten days of September and in the first twenty days of October, respectively. the generations occurred undulatingly and overlap with each other. It was found that there were no obvious distinction between the damage degrees of the second, third, fourth and fifth generations. Different development periods of M. testulalis under different natural temperatures have been studied in this paper. The results showed that the development threshold temperatures for eggs, larvae and pupae were 10.84℃, 7.84℃ and 9.48℃, respectively, while the effective accumulated temperatures of eggs, larvae and pupae were 53.17 degree-day, 214.90 degree-day and 124.41 degree-day, respectively.


With the economic stability from Real Plan and the social advances in the recent years, Brazil started a new era in his history, with a middle class with more than 90 million people according to IBGE (2012). The main goal for these new middle class families is living in its own house, which started a new construction cycle and a huge increase on the real state prices in all Brazil metropolitan ́s regions. The objective of this paper is to produce a geotechnical map in 1:100.00 scale for foundations suitability with two majors factors: the number of hits and the predominant material in percussion drilling (SPT) and the dominant lithology of the area. The study area cover all Porto Alegre city where has been observed one of the biggest real state price raises with circa 110% in the last four years according EXAME magazine. The percussion drilling is wide used in deep foundation calculation helping choose the right foundation method for each site. Usually the percussion drilling is the first phase of any construction, all drilling were executed following the NBR 6484 standard. The geological map was produced based on the Porto Alegre geology by Scheneider (1074) modified by Phillip (2002) merged with the ore utilization for the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre by CPRM (2006) , the result was a new geological map with actual geology which can be availed for further studies in all metropolitan region. The drilling mesh has a total of 220 on 50 different sites. During the execution some attributes were recorded: localization with GPS, starting and finish water level, the predominant material, the color and the presence of micaceous minerals. Especial geological situations will be describe as "Case Study" these situations will have a bigger scale and more details showing how important is a good geotechnical study and execution hazards and how to avoid them. The three majors' objectives in this paper are the zoning of foundation areas with grades from good to bad, the soil characteristics in each area and deep and the advantages and limitations of the percussion drilling. Key-Words: Geotechnical, Foundations, Porto Alegre, Percussion Drilling SPT, Geotechnical Maps. Lista de Ilustrações Figura 1 Mapa de Planejamento Urbano de Porto Alegre (Secretaria de Planejamento Municipal, 2000) ................................................................................. 19 Figura 2 Mapa Geomorfológico de Porto Alegre (Vilaverde Moura Fujimoto & Soares Dias, 2008) .................................................................................................... 23 Figura 3 Mapa Geológico do Batólito Pelotas (Philipp, Machado, & Nardi, 2002)... 29 Figura 4 Mapa Geológico de Porto Alegre baseado em (Schneider, 1974) e (Zanini & Pimentel, 2006). ..................................................................................................... 32 Figura 5 Conjunto tripé, roldanas e peso padrão (ABEF, 2004).............................. 37 Figura 6 Peso Padrão (Meirelles, 2015) .................................................................. 38 Figura 7 Especificações Técnicas do Amostrador Padrão (ABNT A. B., 2001) ...... 39 Figura 8 Amostrador Padrão (ABEF, 2004) ............................................................ 40 Figura 9 Amostrador Padrão após coleta de amostras (Meirelles, 2015) ............... 43 Figura 10 Procedimento de Lavagem (ABEF, 2004) ............................................... 45 Figura 11 Equipamento de medida de nível d agua com apito sonoro (ABEF, 2004) .................................................................................................................................. 46 Figura 12 Caixas de acomodação de amostras (Meirelles, 2015) .......................... 47 Figura 13 Teste de Dilatância (Gonzatti, 2013) ....................................................... 49 Figura 14 Teste de Resistência do Solo Seco (Gonzatti, 2013) .............................. 50 Figura 15 Teste de Lavar as Mãos (Gonzatti, 2013) ............................................... 51 Figura 16 Boletim de Sondagem (Meirelles, 2015) ................................................. 52 Figura 17 Relatório de Sondagem (Meirelles, 2015) ............................................... 54 Figura 18 Sapata Corrida e Sapata Simples (Watanabe, 2008) ............................. 56 Figura 19 Laje tipo Radier (Watanabe, 2008) ......................................................... 56 Figura 20 Bate Estacas (Watanabe, 2008) ........................................................... 58 Figura 21 Processo Construtivo de Estacas Escavadas (Watanabe, 2008) ........... 59 Figura 22 Método Construtivo da Estaca Tipo Hélice Continua (Watanabe, 2008) 60 Figura 23 Execução Estacas Raiz (Watanabe, 2008) ............................................. 61 Figura 24Parte Restante do Matacão "in situ" (Meirelles, 2015) ............................. 74 Figura 25 Estudo de Caso 1 (Meirelles, 2015) ........................................................ 75 Figura 26 Estudo de Caso 2 (Meirelles, 2015) ........................................................ 79


Understanding the genetic and demographic impacts of plant restoration efforts can help land managers more efficiently navigate challenges associated with the conservation of rare taxa. More specifically, the provenance and quality of plants used in replanting programs can impact the phenological progression, fitness and reproductive success of restored populations. In this study, I evaluated the effects of restoration in rare populations ofArabis georgiana Harper (Georgia rockcress), a short-lived perennial endemic to Georgia and Alabama. Arabis georgiana exists in 17 populations that range in size from 12 to greater than 2000 plants. To date, several attempts have been made to augment remaining populations with plants grown ex situ from seeds collected at home sites. To evaluate the efficacy of these restoration efforts, I measured a series of phenological, fitness, and reproductive traits between three native and three restored plots within one of the largest known populations of A. georgiana. Although results indicate no significant delays in phenological progression (the timing of flowering and fruit dehiscence), traits associated with fitness and reproductive success (plant size, fruit production, and seed output) were significantly lower in restored plots compared to their native cohorts. In restored plots, plants were 9.3% shorter, produced 44.0% less fruit, had 6.5% fewer fruit dehisce, produced 14.4% fewer seeds, and had a 13.0% reduction in seed weight compared to native plants. Collectively, these results suggest that genetic


With the adoption of wide diameter tube system and quick microwave digesting method.using the on-line filter to dregs after pretreatment of water samples,the flow injection spectrophotometry was applied in determination of total nitrogen in water with suspended particles.All conditions were optimized.The detection limit of 0.040mg/L and the linearity ranges of 0~10.0 mg/L total nitrogen were achieved.The proposed method was continually applied to measure the water samples with suspended particles of lake water,domestic waste water and industrial waste water,and get the recoveries of 99.6% to 103.5% by the standard addition method.


There is a cabinet, respectively, a control box arrangement (1a..1h) indicated that at least two busbars (15a) which by means of at least one connecting plate (18) are connected together and this in a contact area (A) touch. The contact area (A) is thereby surmounted arranged from the connecting plate (18) and / or on the connecting plate (18) heat sink (22) transversely to the current direction of rib-like or finger-like manner.


Li Xiu-cheng's new thought on local construction programmed basic principle and developmental circumstances for the local construction in Taiping's Su-Fu Province.Under Ii Xiu-cheng's influence,there appeared a political group characteristic of Confusionization in Su-Fu Province whose representative figures were Xiong Wan-quan and Qian Gui-ren.The Su-Fu's administration generally practised "Zhuo-Dian-Jiao-Liang" and "Zhao-Ye-Shou-Zu" policies together.Tian-Ping policy was a superior policy than "Zhuo-Dian-Jiao-Liang" policy.It had not any revolutionary significance,although it possessed strong political sense.The subjective initiative of local-official system was brought into full play in Su-fu Province.


Citation recommendation (CR) models may help authors find relevant articles at various stages of the paper writing process. Most research has dealt with either global CR, which produces general recommendations suitable for the initial writing stage, or local CR, which produces specific recommendations more fitting for the final writing stages. We propose the task of paragraph-level CR as a middle ground between the two approaches, where the paragraph's topic sentence is taken as input and recommendations for citing within the paragraph are produced at the output. We propose a model for this task, fine-tune it using the quadruplet loss on the dataset of ACL papers, and show improvements over the baselines.


In this recursive method proposed, the gain matrix for the Kalman filter and the convariance of the state vector are computed not via the Riccati equation, but from certain other equations. These differential equations are of Chandrasekhar-type. The 'invariant imbedding' idea resulted in the reduction of the basic boundary value problem of transport theory to an equivalent initial value system, a significant computational advance. Initial value experience showed that there is some computational savings in the method and the loss of positive definiteness of the covariance matrix is less vulnerable.


This paper describes the use of Fast Static RAMs (FSRAM) to identify the locations of defects which are then used to wafer map defect sites. It describes a method to automate the correlation of in-line with end-of-line defect measurements to quickly identify the source of killer defects. In-line defects are identified using a Tencor Surfscan 7000 and these defect locations are overlayed onto failing bitmap data from functional testers. The analysis and overlay software has been written using a commonly available database, RS/1 to automatically generate histograms of defects-to-fail ratios for each monitoring stage. This rapidly identifies the the process steps that have a major impact upon yield and these can then be targeted as part of a defect reduction strategy. Using this approach large quantities of data can be quickly processed allowing realistic SPC defectivity limits to be set from large sample sizes.


The provision of a written anaphylaxis action plan is considered to be an essential component of the management of food‐allergic children prescribed self‐injectable adrenaline. Literature review indicates that the evidence that such plans are of benefit is incomplete; however, commonsense would suggest that this is the case. Controlled trials are unlikely to be performed. The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy has recently released three anaphylaxis action plans that meet the differing needs of those children prescribed self‐injectable adrenaline, those who do not warrant self‐injectable adrenaline provision and those with insect allergy.


ABSTRACT Creating target specific advertising is fundamental to maximizing advertising effectiveness. When crafting an advertisement, message and creative strategies are considered important because they affect target audiences' attitudes toward advertised products. This study endeavored to find advertising strategies that are likely to have special appeal for men or women by examining alcohol advertising in magazines. The results show that the substance of the messages is the same for men and women, but they only differ in terms of presentation. However, regardless of gender group, the most commonly used strategies in alcohol advertising are appeals to the target audience's emotions.


This article explores how an application of two concepts from the contextual theology movement can inform practice and theory in the field of peace and conflict studies. We proceed by constructing an ecotheological metaphor and providing an overview of the concept of inculturation. We then use insights from these two reflections to help mold a vital peacebuilding methodology. Moving from abstraction to practice, we conclude by presenting two brief case studies, one from South Africa and the other from Canada, through the lens of this methodology for dynamic peace.


Successful investments development of a region mainly depends on the actions of the State executive bodies. Efficient distribution and use of funds, competent budget and investments policy, arrangements for infrastructure development that are conducted by regional government institutions, eventually determine economic development of the territory. In order to gain the described targets, the author suggests to find out the investments capabilities, evaluate and use the investments potential of the region with the large-scale projects of high value. Investments potential may be realized by using certain governance mechanism that is a complex of economic analysis and management decisions in order to get the certain parameters of social and economic development of the region.


This paper introduces an aviation surveillance information fusion method based on multi neural networks. With the rapid growth of the number of civil and military aircraft, the air traffic is more and more busy. In order to ensure the flight safety of the aircraft, the application of the aviation surveillance information processing system is indispensable. The aviation surveillance information fusion technology in the system is the key to obtain the accurate information of the flight target position. As the traditional method of aviation surveillance information fusion method, the Kalman filter has the characteristics that it does not need to retain the past measurement data, but only needs to be recursive according to the state equation. But the Kalman filter has the problem of high requirements for model error and calculation accuracy, and it requires a large number of professionals to conduct time-consuming parameter adjustment, which consumes a lot of human and material resources. Thus, it is necessary to find an efficient and accurate information fusion method of aviation surveillance. The multi neural network proposed in this paper can overcome the above shortcomings of the Kalman filter. Furthermore, the multi neural network can achieve better than single neural network, which can predict the position of the aircraft more accurately.


Many real life systems such as satellite communications, magnetic recording channels and physiological processes exhibit nonlinear characteristics. Truncated Volterra expansions such as the second order Volterra filter is a versatile approach for modeling such systems. In this paper, it is shown that the single-input multi-output (SIMO) FIR second Volterra channels can be equalized using the linear combination of channel outputs and input. Further, VLSI realization of the proposed equalizer is implemented using the XILINX VLSI software. The efficiency of the VLSI implementation of the proposed equalizer is illustrated with an example in comparison with the VLSI implementation of RLS adaptive lattice orthogonalization filter


The latest achievements in the development of gaseous detectors for registering UV and visible photons are described. Possible modifications of their design for some particular applications such as the readout of crystal scintillators. noble liquids, fibers and for large area Cherenkov detectors are discussed.


Objective To study the effect of Digan oral liquid (DGOL) on expression of apoptosis in the spleen tissue and some apoptosis-related genes mRNA with CTX lesion mice. Methods After the model of chemical lesion given CTX of 100mg/kg mouse by intraperitoneal injection was established, the animals were fed with 0.2mL/10g of 100% DGOL. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) insitu hybridiation. Results In the DGOL group, the apoptosic cells ration was significantly decreased (P0.01) and bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased (P0.01) in spleen tissue than control group. Conclusion DGOL can restrain the apoptosis of spleen tissue, due to the enhanced bcl-2 and the decreased bax in mRNA expression with radiation lesion, thus prevent the blood cells from injuring and premote the immunity.


The study was conducted to assess the seasonal variation of bacterial population in native and exotic climbing perch, Anabas testudineus from the North-Eastern region of Bangladesh. For this purpose, ten fish markets were selected randomly considering two seasons- explicitly in winter (December-February) and summer (March-May). Live fish were collected, and bacterial loads were analysed at 6-12 days interval during the experimental period. The higher bacterial load i.e. total viable count (TVC) was observed during summer whereas lower TVC was observed in winter irrespective of markets and varieties of climbing perch. For both strains, the highest TVC was noted in summer (April: temperature 36.30C) and lowest in winter (February: temperature 180C) indicating that the seasonal variation of TVC is highly correlated to temperature fluctuation in summer and winter. It is assumed that the optimum temperature with high relative humidity during summer season accelerated the growth of bacterial populations than those of winter. The present study revealed that, although bacterial load in winter did comply with ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specification of Food) standard, however TVC in summer season didn't comply with ICMSF standard. It can be concluded that the higher bacterial count in summer that fails to comply with the ICMSF standard may pose an alarming threat for the export of fishery products and food safety issues in Bangladesh.


Background: Pulpotomy is generally performed with Formocresol in primary molars despite its disadvantages like cytotoxicity, necrosis, mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Hence new materials like Pulpotec and Biodentine were used in this study to compare the success rates of the three materials. Aim: To evaluate and compare the radiographic and clinical success of formocresol, pulpotec and biodentine as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars. Methodology: The study was conducted on 90 primary molars in children aged between 4-9 years. The pulpotomy procedure was performed on the 90 selected teeth which were randomly divided into three groups according to the pulp dressing material used. The patients were recalled again for clinical and radiographic evaluation after 3 and 6 months. The data was statistically analysed using Chisquare test (P<0.05) and Anova single factor test to perform comparisons between the groups. Result: At the end of 6 months, clinical success was 100% for all the three groups. Whereas radiographic success was 96.7% for formocresol and 100 % for both pulpotec and biodentine group. Conclusion: This study showed that Pulpotec and Biodentine used for primary teeth pulpotomy has good success rates on follow-up; and hence can be used as alternatives to Formocresol.


Francesca Galuppini Matteo Fassan Loris Bertazza Susi Barollo Luciano Cascione Sara WatutantrigeFernando Vanni Lazzarin Paolo Simonato Federica Vianello Massimo Rugge Caterina Mian Gianmaria Pennelli 1Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; 2Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; 3Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Institute of Oncology Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; 4Department of Radiotherapy, Istituto Oncologico del Veneto, Padova 35128, Italy Background: The primary goal of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) management was to stratify patients at preand post-surgical level to identify the small proportion of cases with potentially aggressive disease. Purpose: The aim of our study is to evaluate the possible role of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and BRAF status as prognostic markers in PTC. Patients and methods: We investigate programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) immunohistochemical expression in 125 consecutive PTCs with median follow-up of 75.3 months (range, 15–98 months) to verify the possible correlation between BRAF status and correlate the classical clinicopathological prognostic factors and PTC outcome with PDCD4 expression. To further support the data, miR-21 expression was tested (by quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization) in a different series of 30 cases (15 PTCs BRAFwt and 15 PTCs BRAFV600E). Moreover, we validated our results using TGCA thyroid carcinoma dataset. Results: We found that 59.8% of the patients showed low-grade PDCD4 nuclear expression and low-grade expression correlated with BRAF V600E. Compared with BRAF 15 wild-type tissue samples, a significant miR-21 up-regulation was associated with BRAF V600E mutations. Lowgrade PDCD4 resulted, and was associated with aggressive histological variants, higher cancer size, extra-thyroidal extension, multifocality, lymph-node metastasis and lymph nodal ratio at the diagnosis. Concerning the outcome, the low-grade PDCD4 expression correlated at univariate and multivariate analysis, with lower levels of recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) and with poor outcome. Moreover, there was significant association between BRAF V600E patients with PDCD4 nuclear loss and lower RFS, whilet here was significant association between BRAF wild-type patients with PDCD4 nuclear expression and better outcome. Conclusion: These results showed that PDCD4 could predict PTC outcome and that the sum of PDCD4 and BRAF alterations increases the prognostic power of BRAF mutation alone.


The decision to invite Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic to join NATO creates the prospect of far-reaching, dangerous security obligations for the United States in Eastern Europe. Part of NATO's expanded defensive perimeter will lie along the border between Poland and Belarus. That should greatly concern all Americans, because Belarus is a political and economic volcano waiting to erupt. The repressive, erratic regime of Alexander Lukashenko and the country's moribund economy provide ideal conditions for the same type of armed chaos that has engulfed such countries as Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Somalia, and Zaire.


Environmental problems turn out to be a big concern due to its unremitted augmentation. Adoption of environmentally-friendly fast moving consumer goods, such as electronics can help to protect environment at certain edge. Going green is the latest vogue in the world and has been adopted by many organizations. In order to sustain our environment both marketer and consumers are becoming sensitive to the need for switch into green products and services. As per the Confederation of Indian Industry, 72 % of India's population is below the age of 40. India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. So, India's resurgence potential as an economic and a socially responsible power rests on the Indian youth. If marketers attempt to generate interest among young consumers to purchase green products, the upshot of this could potentially play an imperative role to hold up sustainable development. Extant literature (Panwar, Han & Hansen, 2012), states that every generational cohort will have a different view on green products. According to (Heaney, 2007), young consumers play imperative role to be 'the driving power' behind the increased attention to green products. Chen and Chai (2010) pointed out that those individuals, who strongly believed in moral obligation to protect the environment, are more likely to engage in green consumption activities. But sometime even after positive attitude, purchasing behavior towards green products may differ (McDougle, Greenspan & Handy, 2011). Similarly in a study conducted by Paladino & Serena (2012) examined that the purchase intention towards eco-friendly mobile phones among young consumers and concluded that the extent to which a consumer held a positive attitude towards sustainability in general did not have any influence on the purchase decision. The study will preliminary explore the purchase intention of mobile phones of youth in India . An extensive review relevant literature will be done for a clear understanding of the concept. Descriptive research design and a non probability sampling techniques will be used for the study. A sample of 100 mobile phone users of 18-25 years will be interviewed with closed ended questionnaire. The research will try to explore awareness and purchase intentions of young consumer towards Green mobile phone.


This paper recommends that indicators could be adopted and developed by the asphalt industry, should it wish to take future steps towards the measurement and reporting of its progress towards greater sustainability. Areas of more-sustainable practice already exist within the asphalt industry, including durable, long-life products, environmental management, and recycling. Most of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) could readily be adopted by the asphalt industry and in some cases are already measured by some companies. A purpose of this paper is to consult and prompt discussion within the asphalt industry on the acceptability of the indicators and to determine the level of commitment that may be expected to using the indicators, should they be launched in the industry. Discussions should include asphalt producers, contactors and clients as well as members of other stakeholder groups, such as plant operators, environmental groups and training organizations.


For a off-highway diesel engine of Euro ⅢA level,there are two basic routes to meet Euro ⅢB:EGR+DPF and combustion optimization+SCR,based on the present experimental data,implementary progress,and other concerning informations,this paper proceeded the compare between those two routes and discussed their feasibility,for the off-highway diesel engine above 37 kW.


A classification scheme for spatiotemporal data model is put forward according to the representation approaches used to organize spatiotemporal data.The spatiotemporale model is composed of the spatiotemporal object and the spatiotemporal relationship.The spatiotemporal object is described with the event and state;and the spatiotemporal relationship is described with the relationships between events,between states,between event and state.The spatiotemporal representation is described with implicit,explicit,half-implicit or half-explicit expressions.The classification scheme is presented with the spatiotemporal object,the spatiotemporal relationship and the spatiotemporal representation.This work is regarded as a guide and consults for consequent modeling.


The variable polarity plasma arc welding of6mm thick 2A14 aluminum alloy sheets was carried out. The reason for defects occurred during horizontal welding was clarified through analyzing the forces acting on the welding pool. The difficulties in VPPA horizontal welding were formation of undercuts on both sides and the gathering of blowholes around the boundary in upper part of the weld. It was found that less welding heat input was beneficial for avoiding the undercut on top side,but larger welding heat input was beneficial for reducing undercut on bottom side. The defects during horizontal welding might be at-tributed to the fluid flow caused by gravity or the balance of the forces acting on the welding pool.


Some specialized consultancies have been making the case of an "API economy". This study aims to investigate the issue, marshalling data on the economic dimension, to better understand the environments of APIs. It offers an overview of the functions and definition of application programming interfaces (APIs) in the backdrop of the history of services computing. The paper attempt assessing the economic value (size of the market) of APIs and reviews some of the available metrics. The paper also takes a look some issues and challenges ahead for the deployment of all kind of APIs.,The paper is based on desk research and a scientific and grey literature review. However, it relies mostly on specialized consultancies although from a critical viewpoint. The paper provides an historical account of the notions of APIs and API economy.,The paper questions the idea of an "API economy" that still stands on the "hype" side and is not clearly substantiated. It reveals that the number of firms with mature API programs remains small and that there is an uneven development across industries (traditional firms are less active than digital natives) and countries (Silicon Valley is leading). It highlights that the domination of IT companies (leaders and pioneers of APIs) raises issue of competition and at some point, may prevent rather than foster innovation.,There is no robust data about the size of the API market nor about its value. Sources are highly heterogeneous and delimitations not always precise. The standard metrics or indicators are hard to find. Further research would be needed to better document this area.,The paper reviews some of the expected benefits of the use of APIs as enablers of private or public ecosystems.,The paper delineates some of the economic benefits of the public APIs based on open data. It shows some positive examples of public APIs in the EU.,There is hardly any mention of the API economy in research literature. Most of the academic literature still stems from engineering department or business-management departments, not department of economics. Consultants would usually focus on the potential of business growth, on how to design an effective API strategy but not on the very economic dimension. The paper attempts providing a synthesis of the available data.


Preface Kuikuru Orthography List of Figures List of Tables 1. Introduction Part I: Deep Temporality 2. Culture and History: The Longue Duree 3. The Ancient Regime 4. Colonialism and Ethnogenesis Part II: Power, Place, and Personhood 5. Landscape and Livelihood: Ethos of Settled Life 6. In the Midst of Others: Society, Ritual, and Chiefly Politics 7. The Pedigree of a Contradiction: Body and State in Amazonia 8. Conclusion: Temporality, Perspective, and Personhood in Amazonian Ethnology Notes Bibliography Glossar y of Indigenous Terms Index


A composition for the preservation and storage of an organ intended for implantation into a patient comprises a lactobionate (lactonate) and a hydroxyethyl starch which is substantially free of ethylene glycol, ethylene chlorohydrin, sodium chloride and acetone and which has a molecular weight from 150,000 to 350,000 daltons.


The impact of mask three dimensions (M3D) effect on lithography processes is getting more pronounced from 32 nm nodes1-2. In this paper, we report four research progresses on the M3Deffect. Firstly, the impacts of M3D effect on the best focus (BF) offset were studied with though pitch as test pattern. The M3D effect has negative impacts on the BF, generating the BF offset pattern by pattern. The BF offset strongly depends on MoSi film thickness (THK). However the impact of MoSi profile, or side wall angle (SWA) could be ignored. Secondly, M3D OPC is needed to mitigate the shift of dose and focus center. Thirdly, as long as enough shade, the thinner MoSi, the less BF shift, as electromagnetic field (EMF) effect makes space behave smaller, which leads to higher contrast but higher mask error enhancement factor(MEEF); So the trade-off between contrast and MEEF is needed. And MoSi THK 43.7 nm in production supposed to be the optimized value from this study. Finally, compared to attenuating phase shifting mask (att.PSM) mask, opaque MoSi on Glass (OMOG) mask is more robust in terms of MEEF, the normalized image logarithmic slope (NILS) etc., not obviously influenced by mask duty ratio.


We examine the conformal equivalence between the f(R) gravity and the interacting dark sector model. We review the well-known result that the conformal transformation physically corresponds to the mass dilation that marks the strength of interaction between dark sectors. Instead of modeling f(R) gravity in the Jordan frame, we construct the f(R) gravity in terms of mass dilation function in the Einstein frame. We find that the condition to keep f(R) gravity consistent with CMB observations ensures the energy flow from dark energy to dark matter in the corresponding interacting model, which meets the requirement to alleviate the coincidence problem in the Einstein framework.


We present a numerical exact calculation for the energy spectra of two electrons in a finite height cylindrical quantum dot in details by a coupled-channel method. The electron correlation energy for various geometry of quantum dots, with and without applied magnetic fields, for singlet and triplet states are investigated. The magnitude of magnetic field for transition of the spin-singlet ground state and the spin-triplet excited state is compared with experimental result. The study shows significant contributions due to the spreading of electron density distribution along the vertical direction. In contrast to the planar circular disk model, the study will be useful for some realistic quantum dots.


In order to cope with climate change, which has been becoming a global issue, there are measures such as fundamentally reducing energy use or converting energy sources into renewable energy, but this is difficult to apply due to limitations on human activities. Based on the guidelines provided by the IPCC, this study drew a countermeasure to climate change considering the emission and absorption of CO2 by land use or land cover. Especially, by using the land-use change simulation technique to predict future land use, expected problems which are caused by urban development were prevented in advance. In addition, CO2 emissions sources are classified into direct emissions and indirect emissions, and the extent to which each region contributes to greenhouse gas emissions is analyzed to provide alternatives that meet the characteristics of each region. Moreover, to calculate greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector, the network analysis of ArcGIS was used to calculate CO2 emissions from vehicle's movements and to propose alternatives.


The present invention, a fluid (B, B ') and at least one chamber for receiving the (5,5'), a plunger unit (6) comprising at least one piston (7,7 '), the locking means and the counter and locking means, the dispensing device related to (1) comprising a catching means and the counter-catching means. Locking means and counter-locking means are moved in one or both directions of the plunger unit (6) can be in locking position substantially prevented (L). Catching means and the counter-catching means may be in the engaged position the locking means and the counter-locking means can not be in the locking position (L) (E). Furthermore, the present invention is a kit comprising a dispensing device (1) (19), and the dispensing device (1) or kits methods of operating (19).


Starting from Flusser's intuitions on the role of buttons and how they have modified our images, the article aims to investigate the relationship between the new technologies of the audiovisual world and the body. Using the phenomenon of gamification as a solution to understanding the complex landscape of hybrid media, the categories of interaction and immersion will be examined. The objective of the research is the analysis of the performative interactions of the body immersed in the virtual reality of videogames and software cinema. The phenomenological crisis of the body inaugurated by virtual technologies produces the need to rethink its performative possibilities in an amplified way within the virtual immersion. The scattered body in the image -and not vanished-, within the analyzed virtual contexts, appears as an element of the narrative itself. The consequences of this performance increase are examined here, such as the the author's disappearance in a strong sense and the weakening of the state of aesthetic contemplation, both results of the gamification of technical images. The article takes advantage of the valuable interview with virtual designer Enea Le Fons for his unique and extended experience in a VR session.


A Danish Green Paper published in July 2010 provides an in-depth analysis of current EU law on insider dealing against the background of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and provides some very useful examples that illustrate the extent of the ban on insider dealing and thereby also when trading may be considered lawful.


When repairing rotating equipment in the repair shop, the problem is often not just replacing what was originally in the unit, but in many cases to determine whether some special environment or application caused the failure — and to correct it so that it will not happen again.


A novel water soluble biopolymer metalloporphyrin complex (BSA-ZnTpHPP) was prepared by combination of insoluble meso-tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin zinc complex (ZnTpHPP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The complex was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The secondary structure of BSA was maintained after coordination of the metalloporphyrin complex at a low ratio. The photosensitivity of BSA-ZnTpHPP was also investigated. Its fluorescence was quenched by methyl viologen (MV2+), which suggests that photo-induced electron transfer occurs from BSA-ZnTpHPP to MV2+ in the BSA-ZnTpHPP/MV2+/triethanolamine (TEOA) system. Under light, BSA-ZnTpHPP was easily excited to the triplet state, and then transferred an electron to MV2+. The BSA-ZnTpHPP/MV2+/TEOA/colloidal Pt system was applied to photosensitized reduction of water for preparation of hydrogen. The water-soluble biopolymer metalloporphyrin complex was an excellent biopolymer photosensitizer.


Aims: Replacement of existing stabilizer in ice cream industry by using modified Kithul (Caryota urens) flour which helps to reduce usage of other ingredients which are used for improve the texture and creaminess of the product was examined. Kithul (Caryota urens) flour has better stabilizing ability than other flour and it can be used in product diversification in the food industry. The objective of this study was to use modified Kithul (Caryota urens) flour as a new plant origin stabilizer for the production of ice cream which can be easily applied for ice cream machines. Study Design: Three treatments were prepared as commercial stabilizer based (industrial mixture) as the control (A), and two samples with modified Kithul flour under two condition as without refrigerated (B) and 24 hours refrigerated (C) the modified Kithul flour with milk before preparing ice cream. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, between June 2019 and January 2020. Methodology: Three samples were evaluated for its sensory properties and selected ice cream Original Research Article Wijesinghe et al.; AFSJ, 19(1): 17-24, 2020; Article no.AFSJ.61989 18 sample from the sensory evaluation (Treatment B) was evaluated for proximate composition and evaluated for physicochemical properties vs industrial ice cream as a control. Results: The comparison revealed that modified Kithul flour-based ice cream (Treatment B) was better in terms of low cost of production, high overrun and high overall acceptability in the sensory analysis vs industrial ice cream (Treatment A). Conclusion: According to the results of the evaluation of quality attributes, without refrigerated milk-modified Kithul flour mixture before making ice cream is better than the industrial ice cream due to their low cost of production, high overrun and high overall acceptability in sensory analysis.


This report presents a summary of damage caused by the February 21, 1973 earthquake near Point Mugu, California to existing highway facilities in the area. Also presented are the results of a computer analysis of the ground motion and a prediction of the damage this earthquake would have caused at a proposed interchange between Routes 101/232/1 now under design.


Nonadherence to oral anticancer medications (OAMs) in the United States is as low as 33% for some cancers. The reasons for nonadherence to these lifesaving medications are multifactorial, yet the majority of studies focus on patient‐level factors influencing uptake and adherence. Individually based interventions to increase patient adherence have not been effective, and this warrants attention to factors at the payor, pharmaceutical, and clinical systems levels. Based on the authors' research and clinical experiences, this commentary brings fresh attention to the long‐standing issue of OAM nonadherence, a growing quality‐of‐care issue, from a systems perspective. In this commentary, the key driving factors in pharmaceutical and payor systems (state and federal laws, payor/insurance companies, and pharmaceutical companies), clinical systems (hospitals and providers), and patient contexts that have trickle‐down effects on patient adherence to OAMs are outlined. In the end, the authors' recommendations include examining the influence of laws governing OAM drug pricing, OAM supply, and provider reimbursement; reducing the need for prior authorization of long‐approved OAMs; identifying cost‐effective ways for providers to monitor nonadherence; examining issues of provider bias in OAM prescriptions; and further elucidating in which contexts patients are likely to be able to adhere. These recommendations offer a starting point for an examination of the chain of systems influencing patient adherence and may help to finally resolve persistently high levels of OAM nonadherence.


The process towards an establishment of international environmental agreements as the implementation of the Kyoto protocol comprises enormous effort of international negotiation and bargaining policies and strategies. International cooperative negotiation solutions can be reached if all negotiation partner and player expect improved results in comparison to a non cooperative approach and independent initiatives controlled by pure self interests. More precisely, individual nations will not cooperate in order to reach a common target if the difference of net benefits by non cooperative and cooperative strategies is very high. Whether an agreement can be reached depends on the opportunities to reduce interest conflicts towards a minimum agreement, a bargaining situation contains opportunities to collaborate for mutual benefits. As real negotiation processes demonstrate, a full agreement of all players is unlikely to exist, more realistic seems that partial coalitions or unilateral action can take place as an alternative.
This paper investigates different international climate change negotiation games of cooperation and non cooperation behaviour by a global general equilibrium model and compares non cooperative initiatives forced by pure self interest against cooperative agreements among subgroups in form of small partial coalition games. Some player can benefit from actions of self enforced initiatives by other player or by partial coalition strategies due to the free rider principle, whereas others loose by remaining countries acting unilaterally. Non cooperative games induce welfare losses mainly to the unilateral acting player while free rider gain significantly.


As the starting point of the significance of developing the creative design industry to construct Henan cultural strong province,it analyzed the maternal role of cultural resources of the central plains on nurturing creative design industry in Henan.Combined with the status of the creative industries in Henan,it discussed four outstanding problems existing in the current creative design industry in Henan.On this basis,it proposed that creative design industry in Henan should strengthen the independent innovation capacity,build creative design industry chain through brand image,further improve the market environment,cultivate creative design talent with local cultural quality.


This study analyzes the landownership system and the characteristics of land management by catholic church during the colonial period, in hapduck village, situated in Dangjin district, Chungnam Province. Hapduck village is a religious community established for as a part of missionary work of Korean Catholic. Since father Krempff was holding office in 1908, Hapduck church started to accumulate land, and soon became an enormous landlord. The church was possessing about 550 thousand pyoung at Dangjin district and 150 thousand pyoung at Hapduck district. This was to provide an economical base for poor Catholics, who became the poorest and degraded to the lowest status after the religious persecution in the early 19th century, and also to appropriate church funds from tenants rents. These were the reasons why religious factors had taken part in church landlord- tenants relations. The tenancy business was managed by church members via church organization. Priority of distributing farmland was according to church members but if the tenants violate the ten commandments, the church withdrew the tenancy contracts. Overall evaluation of the church landownership was neither exploitative nor 'parasitic'. The economical relationship of Hapduck village's agricultural business was closely linked with its religious structure and organization, and furthermore with social and cultural relationship. Also, it was interesting to note that there was a sign of growth among small - holding tenants during the colonial period either in land size and in numbers.


In studying the phylogeny of plants, there are certain general principles upon which all conclusions are based. One of these deals with the retention of ancestral-characteristics. A striking example of this is afforded by the anatomy of the cycads. The vegetative stem of these forms always has exclusively centrifugal metaxylem, but in the leaf petiole, the metaxylem is predominately centripetal, with only a slight development in a centrifugal direction. Centripetal wood structure is, of course, the more primitive, and its appearance in the leaf petiole of the Cycadales serves to relate them to their extinct Cycadofilicean ancestors, where centripetal wood was present in the stem. Similar bundles with centripetal wood are present also in the reproductive axes of certain Cycadales.2 Another well known seat of primitive conditions is the root, good examples of which are furnished by the Abietineae. The first and older subtribe, the Pineae, is characterized by the invariable presence of resin canals in the normal wood of both root and stem, while in the more modern subtribe, the Abietae, resin canals are generally absent in the normal wood of the stem. Resin canals do occur, in all four genera of the Abietae, in the center of the primary wood of the root.3 Recent investigations have shown that ancestral conditions may be recalled as a result of wounding. For example, these resin canals, present in the roots of the Abietae, are present invariably


A. Series of [RuVILO2] complexes (H2L =Para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins) have been synthesised and characterized, and the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of the C–H bond and alkenes investigated. The complexes were selective towards tertiary C–H bonds in saturated alkanes but were almost inactive towards secondary C–H bonds. However, they were reactive towards aromatic hydrocarbons and the second-order rate constants (k2) for the oxidation of ethylbenzene and cumene by [Ru(tpp)O2](tpp = 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrinate) were 2.21 × 10–4 and 3.16 × 10–4dm3 mol–1 s–1 respectively. A kinetic isotope effect (KH/KD) of 11.7 was found for the allylic oxidation of cyclohexene by [Ru(tpp)O2]. The major organic products of the oxidation of alkenes in CH2Cl2–MeOH mixtures were epoxides and [Ru(tpp)O2] gave a monomeric product formulated as [RuIV(tpp)O]·EtOH. or [RuIV(tpp)(OH)2·]EtOH. Similar reactions with [RuVI(oep)O2](oep = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinate) gave [{RuVI(oep)(OH)}2O] in non-co-ordinating solvents. The observed rate law for alkene oxidation was rate =K2[RuVI][alkene]. There exists an almost linerar free-energy relationship between log k2 and E½(one-electron oxidation potentials of alkenes) with slope =–1.1 V–1 for the [Ru(tpp)O2] system. Activation parameters have been determined for the oxidation of styrene, norbornene and cyclooctene by [RuVILO2]. Non-linear and U-shaped Hammett plots were observed for the oxidation of substituted styrenes. The mechanism of alkene oxidation is proposed to involve a continum of transition states, the structures of which may change and be stabilized by defferent substituents.


The graphs considered in this paper are finite, undirected, possibly with loops and parallel edges. The reader is referred to Bondy and Murty [I] for standard terminology and notation in graph theory. The order of a graph C , denoted by v ( G ) or 1 GI, is the number of vertices in C . For S V(G) , let N ( S ) be the neighbor set of S and put N * ( S ) = N(S)\S. For two disjoint subsets A and B of V(G), m(A, B ) denotes the number of edges with one end in A and the other in B. If B is the complement of A [with respect to V(G)], m(A, B ) will be simplified to m ( A ) . If no confusion will be caused, we will not distinguish between a subset of V ( G ) and the corresponding induced subgraph. In this paper, we always assume that G is a 4-regular graph. Suppose that S is a subset of V ( G ) with exactly three vertices. We call S an essential vertex set (EVS) of G if G[S] has exactly two pairs of parallel edges and e(G [S]) = 4. An essential vertex set of C will be briefly denoted by EVS. By contracting an EVS S of G we mean that all edges of G [ S ] are deleted and all vertices of S are indentified; the resulting graph is denoted by [S] G and the new vertex is denoted by [S]. We call [SIC a 1-contraction of G. We generally call H a k-contraction of G if H is a 1-contraction of a (k 1)-contraction of G. We particularly call a k-contraction of G a limit contraction if it does not have EVSs. Suppose that both S and S' are EVSs. Obviously,


Nowadays more and more people are interested in learning Mandarin, because nowadays Mandarin is the second most important language in the world. Indonesia has also expanded its cooperation with China, so that now more and more human resources are needed, especially which are fluent in Mandarin. With these conditions, more and more people in Indonesia, especially students, are very interested in mastering this field of science. Like Indonesian, in Mandarin also has quantifiers or measure word, the Chinese words are more diverse. One of them is the individual quantifiers. Individual quantifiers are special measure words which only used for certain nouns, for example 纸
 ( zhǐ = paper ) using measure word 张 ( zhāng ) , 衣服
 ( yīfu = clothes ) using measure word 件 ( jian ) and so on. However, because Chinese individual quantifiers that are too diverse become a point of difficulty for students, causing students who are learning Mandarin are often wrong in using individual quantifiers. Therefore, I am interested in analyzing the mistakes of individual quantifiers of Bunda Mulia University students. I hope the results of this analysis can be useful for instructors of Mandarin, especially at Bunda Mulia University so that teachers know the weaknesses of students in using measure word, and also so that teachers can help students to avoid or reduce errors in using measure word .


For improving Software quality the standard method is testing, conventional testing methods often fail to detect faults. Concolic testing attempts to remedy this by automatically generating test cases to explore execution paths in a program under test, helping testers achieve greater coverage of program behaviour in a more automated fashion. Often, programmers spend more time fixing bugs in existing code than they do writing new one: it is estimated that more than half of the software-development costs of a typical project are spent on identifying and fixing defects. Simulation and testing are the prevailing approaches when it comes to validating behaviours of computer systems in general and software code in particular. Testing is essential for quality assurance of database applications. Achieving high code coverage of the database application is important in testing. In practice there may exist a copy of live databases that can be used for database application testing. Concolic testing generates test cases that can achieve high coverage in an automated fashion. Core idea behind concolic testing is to obtain symbolic path formulas from concrete executions and solve them to generate test cases by using constraint solvers. Keywords— Testing, Concolic testing, conventional testing, bugs, quality assurance.


Aiming at communication,the communicative teaching approach emphasizes practical application of language which focusing on learning initiative of students.By introducing the communicative teaching approach as the guide to develop diverse forms of English classes,the paper puts forward that the teaching approach can change passive students and depressive classroom atmosphere in traditional teaching effectively as well as enhance English practical capacity and comprehensive quality of students.


In this paper, we present a new model-Nonlocal PM Model after combining the Nonlocal Means (NLM) filter and the PM-equation model. The decay parameter h acts as a filtering parameter and the standard deviation a of Gaussian kernel Ga(·); both are very important parameters in the Nonlocal Means Filter, and the gradient modulus threshold k that controls the conduction are obtained by setting the maximum of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR in db) as the goal in the numerical experiment of the Nonlocal PM Model. The experimental results show the new method has better performance in image denoising.


Transcriptional motifs are smaller subnetworks found within the gene-regulatory networks of many organisms in larger abundance than can be explained by chance alone. The feed-forward loop is one such three-node motif, wherein one top-level protein regulates the expression of a target gene either directly, or indirectly through an intermediate regulator protein. However, no systematic effort has yet been made to understand how individual feed-forward loops interconnect. Here, we address this problem by examining embedded transcriptional motifs that interact topologically by sharing one (vertex-share graphs), two (edge-share graphs), or three (triad-share graphs) nodes. Using transcriptional networks of the bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we constructed networks of feed-forward loops based on these interaction patterns, and termed them "motif networks." In view of these motif networks, we show that, on average, feed-forward loops connect primarily to others similarly connected--a phenomenon termed assortativity or homophily and often attributed to social networks. We fit these correlations to a power-law equation, which exhibits a sublinear exponent indicative of an "economy of scale" in the FFL connectivity. We show that connectivity distributions of the motif networks (similar to degree distributions in complex networks) appear approximately uniform, but with a large variance. Although assortative mixing may arise from a scale-free degree distribution, we conclude that assortativity observed here arises by alternative means.


Different quality control charts for the sample mean are developed using ranked set sampling (RSS), and two of its modifications, namely median ranked set sampling (MRSS) and extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS). These new charts are compared to the usual control charts based on simple random sampling (SRS) data. The charts based on RSS or one of its modifications are shown to have smaller average run length (ARL) than the classical chart when there is a sustained shift in the process mean. The MRSS and ERSS methods are compared with RSS and SRS data, it turns out that MRSS dominates all other methods in terms of the out-of-control ARL performance. Real data are collected using the RSS, MRSS, and ERSS in cases of perfect and imperfect ranking. These data sets are used to construct the corresponding control charts. These charts are compared to usual SRS chart. Throughout this study we are assuming that the underlying distribution is normal. A check of the normality for our example data set indicated that the normality assumption is reasonable.


Abstract:The Feynman-Haken variational path integral theory is, for the first time, generalized to calculate the ground-state energy of an electron coupled simultaneously to a Coulomb potential and to a longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon field in parabolic quantum wires. It is shown that the polaronic correction to the ground-state energy is more sensitive to the electron-phonon coupling constant than the Coulomb binding parameter and monotonically stronger as the effective wire radius decreases. We apply our calculations to several semiconductor quantum wires and find that the polaronic correction can be considerably large.


Although the theory of averaging has long been a classical component of applied mathematics, it has found new importance in controls engineering because of the development of adaptive identification, adaptive control, and open-loop oscillatory control. In this paper, we develop a theory of averaging on both finite and infinite time intervals for delay difference equations with time-varying delays. The main results of this paper are applied to the adaptive identification of a pipe mixing problem in the presence of time-varying transport delays.


In Alaska, the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) nests primarily on cliffs, although nesting on low relief dirt banks does occur (Cade 1960). As peregrine populations have recovered and increased in Alaska, sites that once may have been described as suboptimal for nesting have been occupied. Further, man-made structures and altered habitats might be expected to attract at least occasional use as densities of these falcons, as well as altered habitats, continue to increase. Examples of human developments in Alaska that might attract nesting peregrines include towers, quarries, and road cutbanks. Some of these artificial nesting habitats have been used elsewhere in the breeding range of the species (White et al. 1988, Cade et al. 1996), and have been used in Alaska by Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus; White and Roseneau 1970, Ritchie 1992). In this paper, we describe recent Peregrine Falcon nesting at two well-trafficked highway cutbanks along the Alaska Highway in east central Alaska and at a quarry site on the Seward Peninsula in northwestern Alaska.


Non-B DNA structures formed by repetitive sequence motifs are known instigators of mutagenesis in experimental systems. Analyzing this phenomenon computationally in the human genome requires careful disentangling of intrinsic confounding factors, including overlapping and interrupted motifs, and recurrent sequencing errors. Accounting for these factors eliminates all signals of repeat-induced mutagenesis that extend beyond the motif boundary, and eliminates or dramatically shrinks the magnitude of mutagenesis within some motifs, contradicting previous reports. Mutagenesis not attributable to artifacts revealed several biological mechanisms. Polymerase slippage generates frequent indels within every variety of short tandem repeat motif, implicating slipped-strand structures. Interruption-correcting SNVs within STRs distinctly implicate error-prone Polκ. Secondary-structure formation promotes SNVs within palindromic repeats, as well as duplications within direct repeats. G-quadruplex motifs cause recurrent sequencing errors, while mutagenesis at Z-DNAs is conspicuously absent.


The utility model relates to a hot-line wiring hook of a distribution transformer. The hot-line wiring hook of the distribution transformer comprises a hook, and further comprises a wire pressing plate for pressing a wire on the hook, wherein a mounting hole is formed in the hook; a bush is fixed in the mounting hole; an inner hole of the bush is a screw hole matched with a corresponding screw or a bolt hole matched with a corresponding bolt; and a through hole for allowing the screw or the bolt to pass through is formed in the wire pressing plate. The hot-line wiring hook of the distribution transformer is convenient in wiring and unlikely to damage, can be repeatedly dismounted and mounted, and is long in service life.


Human factor in software development process is one of the determinants of success of a project, regardless of the technology and tools used. In practice, many project managers do not have any dataset about hard skills and soft skills of their members. This led the software development project team to be trapped in an antipatterns irrational management situation. Based on several main factors that cause software development project failures, a mitigation plan is needed to assist the project manager in managing human resources in their team. The mitigation plan that can be done is to develop people management applications based on principles of Project Management Antipatterns. This research proposes new modeling in the form of applications for people management in software development with the Project Management Antipatterns approach. The results given are in the form of mapping the developer team to the relevant task based on hard skills and soft skills possessed. Besides, this application also provides results in the form of treatment recommendations that can be done to the team to increase productivity and reduce the potential risks arising from the diagnosis of poor practice. The approach used is proven to be able to increase overall team productivity. The refactored solution also proved effective in reducing the value of antipatterns from one sprint to the next.


This paper examines the relationship b etween the timing of earnings announcement and the direction and magnitude of earnings for more than 2482 firm-years in the Bursa Malaysia. The results confirm that CEOs time their earnings announcement based on the direction and magnitude of the unexpected earnings. CEOs announce earnings early for positive unexpected earnings, and delay the announcement for negative unexpected earnings. The market reacts to the timing of the a nnouncement accordingly. These findings are relevant and u seful t o judge company performance by observing the announcement date of the company, especially those that perform less than satisfactorily in anticipation of bad news release from these firms.


To improve the autonomous,passive navigation precision and stability,divergence and measurement noise which varied with environments often occurs in inertial navigation system/geomagnetic navigation system(INS/GNS)integrated navigation system.On the basis of unscented Kalman filter,according to change of the variance and mean value of new information.The noise's covariance in the model is modified "online" to changes estimating mean square deviation error and filtering gain of Kalman filtering;Through change the scaling factor α of weight in sigma sampling adaptively to solve nonlocal effect in UT transform,to improve the positioning accuracy of the navigation system.Simulation result presents fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter is very efficient for INS/GNS integrated navigation system,overcome the shortcomings of the traditional filtering method,improve the accuary of filtering.


Peculiarities of 557.7 and 630.0 nm emissions observed in the second step of the magnetic storm main phase at the mid-latitude observatory Tory (52° N, 103° E) on March 17, 2015 are compared with the changes in ionospheric parameters above this station, detected from ionospheric sounding data and total electron content maps. We have found that the intensity of the 557.7 and 630.0 nm emissions noticeably increased after the observatory entered into the longitudinal sector of the developed main ionospheric trough (MIT). The most powerful synchronous increases in intensities of the two emissions are associated with amplification of the westward electrojet during strengthening of the magnetospheric convection. We study the dependence of the ratios between the intensities of 630.0 nm emission recorded in the north, zenith, and south directions on the position of emitting regions relative to the MIT bottom. The SAR arc is shown to appear initially near the bottom of the MIT polar wall and approach the zenith of the station during registration of F3s reflections by an ionosonde, which indicate the presence of a polarization jet near the observation point.


This research is focused on the reservoir properties and the sealing potentials of the Akani Oil Field structures located in the Coastal Swamp depositional belt of the Niger Delta using well logs and 3D seismic profile. The field has a high level of complexity of fault seal that may have controlled the distribution of hydrocarbon in the field. Average petrophysical properties namely net-to-gross, volume of shale, porosity and permeability were evaluated using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation while the 3D seismic profile was used to generate grid horizons and fault polygons. Results from the petrophysical analyses identified Akani reservoirs 6C-sand and 3C-sand as being very good reservoirs with average porosity of 28.5%, permeability of 2100mD, net-to-gross ratio of 0.5 and volume of clay of 0.4. A total of twenty-three faults where mapped and modelled from the 3D seismic profile. Shale Gouge ratio values were calibrated across the oil field and used to determine the sealing potentials of the faults. A single average time-depth function in conjunction with Root Mean Square (RMS) amplitude map was used to extract information on the bright spots, aerial extent and influence of hydrocarbon fluids on seismic response. Hydrocarbon column height of 266.6ft was found in the Akani reservoir-6C sand and seen to be structurally controlled, which suggested a strong sealing potential. In addition, hydrocarbon column heights of 269.5ft and 333.54ft were found in the Akani reservoir-13C sand with an average thickness of about 600ft. The sealing potential and resistance to flow across fault boundaries depended hugely on the relationship between the bulk formation properties and the architectures of the faults.


We tested the hypothesis that quinolinic acid, a tryptophan-derived N-methyl-d-aspartate agonist produced by macrophages and microglia, would be increased in CSF after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans, and that this increase would be associated with outcome. We also sought to determine whether therapeutic hypothermia reduced CSF quinolinic acid after injury. Samples of CSF (n = 230) were collected from ventricular catheters in 39 patients (16 to 73 years old) during the first week after TBI, (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] < 8). As part of an ongoing study, patients were randomized within 6 hours after injury to either hypothermia (32°C) or normothermia (37°C) treatments for 24 hours. Oth-erwise, patients received standard neurointensive care. Quinolinic acid was measured by mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare CSF quinolinic acid concentrations with age, gender, GCS, time after injury, mortality, and treatment (hypothermia versus normothermia). Quinolinic acid concentration in CSF increased maximally to 463 ± 128 nmol/L (mean ± SEM) at 72 to 83 hours after TBI. Normal values for quinolinic acid concentration in CSF are less than 50 nmol/L. Quinolinic acid concentration was increased 5-to 50-fold in many patients. There was a powerful association between time after TBI and increased quinolinic acid (P < 0.00001), and quinolinic acid was higher in patients who died than in survivors (P = 0.003). Age, gender, GCS, and treatment (32°C versus 37°C) did not correlate with CSF quinolinic acid. These data reveal a large increase in quinolinic acid concentration in CSF after TBI in humans and raise the possibility that this macrophage-derived excitotoxin may contribute to secondary damage.


To study the load distribution between concrete floors and shores during construction, the non-linear axial load-shortening behavior of a single post shore must be modeled properly. In this paper, a practical method to trace the axial load-shortening behavior throughout the entire range of loading up to ultimate load is proposed. Extensive studies of the behavior and strength of telescopic shores are then made using the computer model developed. Against the background of this information, a simple expression to estimate the axial stiffness of a telescopic shore is developed.


Sustainability in productivity and improvement of manufacturing performance is the essential factor for surviving and growing of small-medium enterprises (SMEs). Due to globalization and rapid technological development, manufacturing companies are in need of revising their manufacturing and production strategy from time to time to improve their performance. So, the need for a decision framework to choose suitable manufacturing strategy direction used in production planning and control in SMEs is crucial. Furthermore, companies are in need of being aware of the key performances that influence their success and growth in the competitive markets by considering the abilities of their production systems. This paper proposes a decision making framework using PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) for SMEs key drivers to improve manufacturing performance and enhance the manufacturing strategy direction for growth, survival, and competition in the market environment. The proposed methodology shows valuable aide to analyze the results.


Iran has had a long, rich, and complex history—a history comprising many cycles of expansions, invasions, revivals, survivals, and reversals of fortune. From the very beginning, the history of Iran has been inexorably tied to the Province of Fars. The Iranian-speaking Aryan tribes first came to northern Fars in the middle Paleolithic period; later the valleys of the Kur and Pulwar Rivers became their centers and remained so until the time of the Sassanid Dynasty in the seventh century AD. Another town on the banks of the Pulwar, called Istakhr in the Middle Ages, was the focal point of the Sassanian Dynasty. Other cities of Fars, such as Shiraz, Fasa, Siraf, and Arrajan, later outshone Istakhr in terms of size and significance. Coins found in the region as early as 250BC have imprints of Pahlavi scripts with Iranian figures and Zoroastrian braziers.Keywords: Fars; Shiraz


This chapter outlines the rejection that has followed Hegel's philosophy of nature for the last two hundred years. It stresses how, when considered at all, Hegel's writings on nature are read to be derived from Schelling's innovations in nature-philosophy. The consequences have been dire for Hegel's account of nature. Either (1) scholars downplay its relevance, or; (2) they read it in terms of a 'strong' correspondence between nature, on the one hand, and the movements of thought, on the other. Therefore, the chapter argues, we do not know what a distinctly Hegelian reading of Hegel's position might look like, let alone offer. Fundamentally challenging these entrenched interpretations, the chapter underlines the repeated textual evidence that allows one to read Hegel's philosophy of nature in exactly the opposite direction. Consequently, the chapter emphasizes passages throughout the entirety of the text characterizing nature as weak, impotent (Ohnmacht), and even irrational. The chapter thereby clears the space for a distinct reading of Hegelian nature: it is reticent to the systematic dictates of conceptuality and therefore lacks the encompassing necessity demanded by thought.


Using the examples from Romanticism and Moderna period, this paper will examine the opposition centre-periphery regarding the role of the ideology of pan-Slavic reciprocity in the field of Polish-Croatian literary ties. Next, we will describe the process of attribution within literary and cultural history in which a series of so-called great authors have arisen, and to which their communities (Polish and Croatian) attribute central aesthetic and ideological roles. Further, starting from the assumption that the Polish and Croatian cultural communities used their literary canon to legitimise their own artistic and social inclinations, we shall attempt to determine the universalistic characteristics that allowed the Polish literary canon to become a desirable alternative and a source of homogenizing poetics that enabled the aesthetic synchrony of Croatian literature with a European paradigm in two literary periods – Romanticism and its younger relative, Moderna.


Carbon dots (CDs) with high photoluminescence synthesized from various sources and various methods by two approach bottom up and top down with emission dependent the excitation-wavelength. The electronic transition from the higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) state to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) state, surface defect states, wider excitation spectrum, higher quantum yield, efficient energy transfer, and element doping affected to the fluorescence properties of CDs. For 102 refs in this review, the studies performed relationship between the fluorescence mechanism and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced for photodynamic (PDT) therapy and materials anticancer applications. We described how radical's atom or ROS working as anticancer and PDT therapy and describing the chemical reaction of high-resolution fluorescence CDs. We summarize experimental techniques which are used for producing CDs and discussed their characteristics. Finally, the conclusions and future prospects in this field also discussed. The important features of CDs-based design for high ROS may open new prospects and challenges for high efficiency and stability for PDT therapy and anticancer. As a conclusion, we offer an outlook, perspectives and challenges of the future development of CDs.


An efficient and practical synthesis of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor Atazanavir was developed by employing the diastereoselective reduction of ketomethylene aza-dipeptide isostere 10 as the key and final step. The high diastereoselectivity of the amino ketone reduction by lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride in diethyl ether to afford the desired syn-1,2-amino alcohol structure was achieved by Felkin−Anh control as a result of the bulky and chiral N-(methoxycarbonyl)-l-tert-leucinyl moiety as the nitrogen protecting group. The coupling of the two key intermediates, N-(methoxycarbonyl)-l-tert-leucine acylated benzyl hydrazine 7 and chloromethyl ketone 9, via an SN2 reaction furnished the amino ketone 10 in high yield under our optimized conditions. Our new methodology features the late introduction of the S-hydroxyl group and the early acylation of benzyl hydrazine and chloromethyl ketone with N-(methoxycarbonyl)-l-tert-leucine, respectively, which confers high efficiency and easy purification.


If we use the idea of social management innovation to deal with the fuzzy and tangled problem of law profession education model in public security college,we can draw the conclusion that law profession in public security college is one part of the common law professional education,which has all features of law profession in general college and university.Its development path is to strengthen practice teaching link and consider the demand of other industries for law profession personnel,when reflecting the advantage of " police management" in the public security colleges.