This symposium, the seventh in the series 'Chemical pathology in relation to clinical medicine,' was organized by the Committee on Chemical Pathology of the Association of Clinical Pathologists. We are very much indebted to the chairman, Professor J. R. Hobbs, for his advice on the programme and for his success in bringing together such an expert team of speakers. The topic 'Disorders of protein metabolism' is a very wide one, and it has been necessary to focus on those aspects considered to be of special importance at present and in the near future, and in particular on the estimation of specific plasma proteins and their clinical significance. It is clear that the average chemical pathologist will in future make much more use of immunological methods for protein assay, as for instance in the estimation of albumin, of immunoglobulins, of acute phase reactants and of the so-called tumourspecific antigens. Moreover, until more departments of immunology are set up, he may find himself, with his haematological colleagues, attempting to unravel the complexities of disorders of cellular and humoral immune response. It should be noted that immunological techniques have certain limitations. In view of the prognostic value of serial estimation of plasma paraprotein levels, the warnings of several speakers should be heeded that such proteins can only be measured reliably at present by electrophoresis and dye-binding. Furthermore Dr Ritchie has demonstrated the unreliability of some commercial immunoassay plates for estimating immunoglobulins. On behalf of the Association of Clinical Pathologists we thank all the speakers for their notable contributions, Professor Hobbs for chairing the symposium so effectively and Dr T. Hargreaves who, as secretary of the Committee on Chemical Pathology, was responsible for the detailed organization. We also thank the Royal Society of Medicine for permission to hold the symposium on their premises.


In this paper, Mn doped NaYF4:Er,Yb phosphors were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. According to the results of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence measurement, Mn doping had a remarkable effect on the crystal phase, size, and especially upconversion (UC) properties of these phosphors. Under 980 nanometer (nm) laser excitation, the UC luminescence intensity could be enhanced by increasing Mn concentration. Temperature-dependence measurement of the samples from 300–30 K showed two green emission bands (2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of the Er3+ ion), which meant that the UC phosphors were suitable for temperature sensor by using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) method. The FIR value decreased with temperature, and the experimental data were well fitted with a theoretical function. The higher maximum value of sensitivity (0.0057 K−1) for 20% Mn sample in contrast to that of 0% Mn one (0.0036 K−1) indicated that Mn doped sample had a higher sensitivity for temperature sensing. The results demonstrated that Mn doping would be a good way for optimizing the sensitivity of fluorescence-based temperature sensor.


Ross Jones, deputy chairman of APRA has an unswerving belief in the good that MySuper is bringing. Finding others who agree with him is hard. Leading industry figures spoken to for this article take a more jaundiced view. They say, if anything, compliance has held up funds' plans to innovate and bring more appropriate member outcomes. Though, having seen all the applications for MySuper that have landed on his desk, Ross Jones is best placed to know what the world will look like on July 1.


With large population,remarkably fragile ecological environment and severe shortage of per capita resources,China faces the selection of urbanization mode. Which mode,the metropolises mode which stresses the development of metropolises,or the towns mode which emphasizes the expansion of middle-sized and small cities,is better for the healthy and sustainable development of economy,remains a controversy. Through analyzing the empirical panel data from developed and major developing countries,including China,the United States,Canada,Britain,France,Japan,Italy,Australia,Korea,Brazil,India,Mexico and South Africa,we revealed the objective laws of urbanization development. Based on China 's actual situation and research,we drew the following conclusions: 1 Urbanization of the city population with more than one million is more consistent with the sustainable ecological resources. It can lower the pressure on ecological environment significantly,and tends to increase the ecological carrying capacity per capita. 2 Small and medium-sized urbanization of city population with less than millions increases the ecological footprints and pressures on ecological environment significantly. Its loosely layout structure occupies lots of environmental resources,which reduces the supply of ecological carrying capacity. Its inefficient,decentralized and extensive mode of production and life also increase the ecological footprints,which are unfavorable to sustainable development overall. 3The fixed capital stock per capita,per capita savings and government purchase have a potential role in promoting sustainable development. Finally,we suggest the Chinese government should implement the strategy of urbanization to achieve the economies of scale effects and improve the efficiency of ecological environment resources,slow down the speed of rural urbanization to avoid its damages on the resources and environment,absorb the experiences and support institutions of all the excellent cities by combining the reality of China,take technological innovation seriously,and obtain the improvement of production methods and efficiency by high technology and capital.


The use of automatic number plate recognition is increasing. Experience with CCTV installation has shown that the quality of the image of the number plate is the most important factor, particularly when sophisticated software is used to process the number plates. The importance of using dedicated cameras or specific purpose-designed cameras that combine a dedicated ANPR camera and a general overview camera is emphasized. Advice is given on positioning the cameras, using one camera per lane and providing good quality IR lighting. Potential problems in recording and compression of images and with capture versus recognition are considered. The requirements for CCTV installations for ANPR used in security systems, access systems and ITS are outlined.


Ql: Would you give us your comments on China 's job in 2005 in promoting the economic and trade relations with vour Country ?……


DO SOCIAL agencies generally have records from which can be gathered an orderly array of facts? Can their statistics be relied upon as a sound basis for the development of new social policies and new lines of work? Are the figures in their annual and special reports properly correlated and comparable from year to year and from city to city, or are they rather collections of data that are useless for comparative purposes? These were the questions raised twenty years ago by the late John Koren, expert special agent of the United States Census Bureau, in his address as chairman of the Committee on Statistics of the National Conference of Social Work. Certainly in 19o8 most of the leaders in the field were willing to confess that social work statistics, when measured by rigid tests, had little beyond good intentions to commend them. What answer can be given now, a score of years later? It is not the purpose of this report to attempt a complete reply, but rather to point out a few of the accomplishments of the period and a few of the problems that still must be attacked. Of the family welfare field-to which this paper is limited-it can be said with certainty that discussions of the subject have shifted from the ques1 A report recently submitted to the Joint Committee of the Association of Community Chests and Councils and the Local Community Research Committee of the University of Chicago on the Registration of Social Statistics.


The volumes of blood in the cardiopulimonary circulation and their rate of renewal were measured by quantitative analysis of radiocardiographic tracings. The techniques which were developed represent a new and accurate tool both for physiolcgical investigation of cardiopuimonary circulation and for the clinical study of heart patients. (auth)


Abstract High frequency velocity fluctuations were measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) in the tidal bottom boundary layer (BBL) of the Yellow Sea (YS) for 25 h. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress were estimated and analyzed. Results show that: (1) in the tidal BBL of the YS the variations of the dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress during 25 h are (1.8 × 10−8−3.4× 10−5) W'kg−1 and 6.6 × 10−4−7.5 × 10 −1) N' m−2 respectively, indicating that there are strong dissipations in the tidal BBL of the YS (2) in the well-mixed tidal BBL, the turbulence is mainly shear-induced locally and the production and dissipation are generally in equilibrium (3) for the seas where the semidiurnal tidal current is dominant, both the dissipation rate and the bottom shear stress exhibit a strong quarter-diurnal variation (4) the mean bottom drag coefficient C¯ (0.45) is 0.0017 (corresponding C¯d(1.00 = 0.0015), but it has significant variations (0.00050−0082). Th...


Herein, a novel, low-cost, and readily available HB pencil graphite (PG), as bioanode for enzymatic biofuel cell, is presented. The surface area of the PG is substantially increased by coating carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube through the dipping method followed by its covalent immobilization with glucose oxidase enzyme to fabricate the bioanode. The surface morphology of fabricated bioanode is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the electrochemical studies are performed through linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that the fabricated bioanode shows good direct electron transfer characteristics between the dynamic site of the enzyme and the terminal surface of electrode. Approximately, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.23 \times 10^{-11}\,\,\text {mol}\cdot \text {cm}^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of glucose oxidase is found to anchor on the fabricated bioanode with significant electron transfer rate of 3.2 s<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of fabricated bioanode is enhanced with increase in the glucose concentration, and a hyperbolic Michaelis–Menten kinetics is observed with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\text {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of 5.5 mM and maximum current density of 4605 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text {A}\cdot \text {cm}^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 40-mM saturated glucose concentration. Finally, the fabricated bioanode exhibits stability with reasonably good retention of biocatalytic activity, thus establishing HB PG as promising bioanode material for enzymatic biofuel cell.


The aim of this paper is to obtain a coupled coincidence point theorem and a common coupled fixed point theorem of contractive type mappings involving rational expressions in the frame work of a complex-valued metric spaces. The results of this paper generalize and extend the results of Bhaskar and Lakhmikantham [7], Azam et al [3] and several known results in complex-valued metric spaces.


Pipilotti Rist began her artistic career in the mid-1980s when video, as an art form, flourished on the international art scene. It was a period when a new system of visual culture emerged – a system that commodified the human body; a system that was made increasingly narcissistic by the rapid development and expansion of MTV and advertising. In the context of this research project, I discuss the concept of narcissism through a feminist psychoanalytic perspective. Critics have debated whether to define video as a narcissistic art form, for a growing number of works reference or directly employ a commodified culture. Some critic labeled Rist, among others, a narcissistic female artist because she generously employed sensual selfrepresentation in her works. She arranges a platform from which the spectator can look at the bodies freely in the world she presents on the monitor while she, as an object, returns the gaze through the exposure and destruction of imagery of the physical body. In this paper, I explore the narcissistic gazes of both the spectator and the object in Rist's early single-channel video Mutaflor (1996), while arguing against the stigma of narcissism imposed by previous scholars and critics. Rist presents her body in a state of nature to engage spectators and implicate the ubiquity of narcissism while inviting them to contemplate the relationship between the act of looking and being looked.


During switching operations in the high-voltage system, transient voltages and currents occur that can generate overvoltages in the secondary circuits of switchgear. The investigations reported in this article are focused on medium-voltage air-insulated switchgear. The introduced model is able to identify the coupling mechanisms. The coupling via the instrument transformers and the secondary wiring to the electronic equipment is described. At first, the frequency-dependent coupling is explained for each secondary component. These are instrument transformers, the secondary wiring, and the electronic equipment. Then it is shown how to combine these components in order to get a complete description of the interfering mechanisms.


The left and right q -deformed rational numbers were introduced by Bapat, Becker and Licata via regular continued fractions, and they gave a homological interpretation for left and right q -deformed rational numbers. In the present paper, we focus on negative continued fractions and defined left q -deformed negative continued fractions. We give a formula for computing the q -deformed Farey sum of the left q -deformed rational numbers based on it. We use this formula to give a combinatorial proof of the relationship between the left q -deformed rational number and the Jones polynomial of the corresponding rational knot which was proved by Bapat, Becker and Licata using a homological technique. Finally, we combine their work and the q -deformed Farey sum, and give a homological interpretation of the q -deformed Farey sum. We also give an approach to finding a relationship between real quadratic irrational numbers and homological algebra.


The invention relates to an elevator hoistway door system and solves the problems that an existing elevator hoistway door system has low utilization rate for the space of a shaft and due to adoption of a steel wire rope for linkage, the existing elevator hoistway door system has a complex structure and is inconvenient to install. The elevator hoistway door system comprises a hoistway door and an upper sill with guide rails; the hoistway door comprises door sheets and hanging plates connected to the upper parts of the door sheets; sliding wheels are respectively arranged on two hanging plates; the two hanging plates are connected to the guide rails in a sliding manner by the sliding wheels; two door sheets are of an embedded structure; and traction mechanisms are arranged between the two hanging plates. The hoistway door adopts the embedded design, so that the two door sheets only occupy the space of one door sheet originally and a door opening only needs to be formed on one side of a lift car, so that the space is saved and the utilization rate of the shaft is improved. The traction mechanisms capable of drawing each other are arranged between the hanging plates corresponding to the two door sheets, so that a complex steel wire rope linkage mechanism in an existing upper sill is omitted and the elevator hoistway door system has a simpler structure, and is low in cost, light in weight and easy to install on site.


The propositional dynamic logic (PDL) is an adequate tool to write down programs. In a previous article we used PDL to formulate cryptographic protocols as parallel programs. In these protocols at least two agents/individuals exchange messages, so we needed to use product logic to formulate the parallel actions. Ágnes Kurucz proved that S5×S5×S5 — which is the simplest triple product logic — is undecidable, hence it follows that PDL×PDL×PDL is undecidable, too. It is easy to show that the PDL logic (without the star operator) is decidable, so it is an interesting problem, that the PDL×PDL product logic is decidable or not.


Single crystals of the layer type compounds MoSe2 and WSe2 have been grown from various high temperature solutions. The fluxes used for crystal growth were either metals (Sb, Bi, Te), semiconductors (Se) or saltlike melts (PbCl2). The photoactivity of these materials was investigated by photoelectrochemical methods, time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) and temperature dependent DC conductivity. The comparison of crystals grown from different melts and from chemical vapor transport (CVT) indicates that foreign phase melts are deleterious for the optoelectronic properties. Melt grown crystals are less photoactive than selected CVT material. Possible origins of the observed differences are discussed.


A design of network image acquisition and processing system based on FPGA is introduced.The system uses a single FPGA to complete the functions of image acquisition,compression and network transmission.It is high integrated,flexible and convenient to upgrade,and even has a small size.The details the logics of image acquisition module,RAM control module and compression algorithm,furthermore the implementation method of network transmission.The results show that the system is stable and meets the requirements.


Foreword: Robert A. Hinde, University of Cambridge.1. The Study of Animal Behavior: Johan J. Bolhuis and Luc-Alain Giraldeau.Part I: Mechanisms of Behavior.2. Stimulus Perception: Jorg-Peter Ewert, Universitat Kassel.3. Motivation: Jerry A. Hogan, University of Toronto.4. Biological Rhythms and Behavior: Ralph E. Mistlberger, Simon Fraser University, and Benjamin Rusak, QEII Health Sciences Centre.5. Brain and Behavior: David F. Sherry, University of Western Ontario.6. Development of Behavior: Johan J. Bolhuis.7. Learning and Memory: Kimberly Kirkpatrick, University of York, and Geoffrey Hall, University of York.8. Animal Cognition: Nathan Emery, University of Cambridge, and Nicola S. Clayton, University of Cambridge.Part II: Function and Evolution of Behavior.9. The Function of Behavior: Luc-Alain Giraldeau.10. Communication: Peter K. McGregor, University of Copenhagen.11. Mate Choice, Mating Systems and Sexual Selection: Anders Pape Moller, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie.12. Sperm Competition and Sexual Conflict: Mark A. Elgar, University of Melbourne.13. Evolution of Behavior: Michael J. Ryan, University of Texas.14. Social Systems: Anne Pusey, University of Minnesota.Part III: Animal Behavior and Human Society.15. Applied Animal Behavior and Animal Welfare: David Fraser and Daniel Weary, both University of British Columbia.16. Animal Behavior and Conservation Biology: Tim Caro, University of California at Davis, and John Eadie, University of California at Davis.17. Human Behavior as Animal Behavior: Martin Daly, McMaster University, and Margo Wilson, McMaster University.Glossary.References.Author Index.Subject Index


Motivated by a desire to understand the geothermal heating effects on ocean circulation, a large-scale circulation generated and sustained by thermal forcing at the surface subject to a small amount of heating from the bottom boundary is investigated through laboratory experiments, motivated by understanding the geothermal heating effects on ocean circulation. Despite its idealization, our experiments demonstrate that the leading order effect of geothermal heating is to significantly enhance the abyssal overturning, in agreement with the findings in ocean circulation models. Our experiments also demonstrate that geothermal heating cannot influence the poleward heat transport due to the strong stratification in the thermocline. Our study further reveals that the ratio of geothermal-flux-induced turbulent dissipation to the dissipation due to other energies is the key parameter determining the dynamical importance of geothermal heating. This quantity explains why the impact of geothermal heating is sensitive to the deep stratification, the diapycnal mixing and the amount of geothermal flux. Moreover, it is found that this dissipation ratio may be used to understand results from different studies in a consistent way. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Extraction of native cassava starch, its oxidation, modification and chelation of the products were achieved. Schiff's base type Dialdehyde aminophenol was prepared by the reaction of orthoaminophenol and dialdehyde starch from periodate oxidized cassava starch. The modified starch aminophenols with different aldehyde content were tested for their adsorptive affinity for Cu(II), Cr(II) and Mn(II) ions. The modified starch was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, solubility test, Magnetic susceptibility and magnetic moment and, melting/decomposition temperature. The modified starches and the polymeric complexes have been found to have an improved physicochemical properties and the polymeric chelating ligand could be used to remove Cu(II), Cr(II)and Mn(II)ions from aqueous solution. Also the polymeric complex was found to have good cross linking ability when reacted with the metal salt. Keywords: Dialdehyde starch, Native Starch, Orthoaminophenol, Polymeric Chelating ligand, Sorption


Previous simulations of 2-D dynamic stall have demonstrated the need for transition modeling to capture the boundary layer physics that will eventually influence the formation and departure of the leading-edge vortex. It is well known that the post-stall separated flow is highly three-dimensional and unsteady in nature. The present work investigates the suitability and effectiveness of hybrid RANS-LES methods to simulate this flow regime. Three-dimensional, time-accurate simulations of a sinusoidally pitching airfoil undergoing dynamic stall are performed using RANS, DES, and DDES methods. As expected, the RANS mode was found inadequate to capture the smaller structures and the spanwise variation present in the massively separated flow during downstroke. Both DES and DDES modes produced strong spanwise gradients as well as reduced turbulence levels in the vortical structures. As a result, the prediction of peak magnitudes of lift, drag, and moment at the end of the upstroke are improved compared to the RANS mode. However, DES caused early onset of stall and reduced upstroke lift at higher AoA due to the grid-induced separation phenomenon. Similarly, the lift recovery process was slower using DES compared to DDES due to an over-prediction of the trailing-edge separation region.


Background: Azadirachta indica (AI) Adr Juss (Meliaceae), known as neem, has been used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including obesity and hypertension. Objective: The antihypertensive effect and mechanism of action of modulatory effect of AI were investigated after the induction of hypertension using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Materials and Methods: Five groups of ten rats divided as follows: Control; L-NAME (40 mg/kg); L-NAME + 100 mg/kg AI; L-NAME and 200 mg/kg ?AI; and L-NAME and Enalapril (25 mg/kg) were used. Results: following the application of L-NAME, hypertension (elevated systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressures) and increased levels of oxidative stress markers were observed in rats. Immunohistochemistry showed increased caspase-3 expressions in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats. Conversely, AI treatment resulted in restoration of physiological antioxidant status and normotension, comparable to the standard antihypertensive agent enalapril. Conclusion: AI leaf is a good candidate for the management of high blood pressure.


For each of the seventy Japanese four-digit SIC manufacturing industries, using annual data for 1961-90, I test the simple Cournot hypothesis of proportionality between industry price-cost margin and Herfindahl index against the non-nested alternative that the industry price-cost margin remains constant in the face of varying Herfindahl index, as it would under a simple product-differentiated Bertrand framework. I then test each of these against the alternative hybrid specification that nests both of them, and from the pairwise tests, compute likelihoods of each specification. The simple Cournot specification is the most likely for five of the industries, the simple Bertrand specification for thirty-five, and the hybrid specification for thirty.


Introduction Batteries are used whenever electrical energy is needed but there is no direct connection to the public electricity grid. A battery can convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy. Depending on the battery system, this converting process is irreversible or reversible. When the process is irreversible, the battery is called a primary battery. The reversible batteries are called secondary batteries and can be recharged up to 1000 cycles (i.e. lead acid batterychecken). A lead acid battery is rechargeable and is commonly used as a result of its good properties like low maintenance and suitable for many purposes. Furthermore they are easily available and are relatively cheap.


Abstract : A test program was conducted to obtain measurements of flow velocities and static pressures in the vicinity of wing-body-store model (representative of a fighter-type aircraft) as well as surface pressures, forces, and moments on the model. Flow velocities and static pressures were also measured near the tunnel walls to provide outer flow field information. This report presents the data obtained during the test program conducted in the 4T and 16T Wind Tunnels at Arnold Engineering Development Center. The Flow-field data were obtained at Mach numbers 0.925, 0.975, and 1.025 and constitute the major part of the data. Volume I is a summary report which gives detailed information on the test program and presents uncertainties associated with the various types of data taken in the 4T Wind Tunnel. The volume also presents tunnel-empty and Mach-number surveys, as well as tabulated force and moment and pressure data for the Mach number range 0.80 to 1.15 and angles of attack -2, -5, 0, 2, and 5.


Improvements to transportation networks, especially those in growing areas, tend to have impacts on local land markets. In principle, an improvement to a link in the network will confer economic benefits to adjacent and nearby properties. Depending on the type of improvement (construction of a new link, capacity addition to an existing link, or upgrading an existing link), the benefit could represent a reduction in the time cost of travel or other variable costs, such as fuel consumption or mileage-related vehicle depreciation. It could also represent an improvement to the level of access that a given transportation network provides. Urban economic theory would suggest that these benefits are capitalized into local property values, yielding a localized spillover benefit. This report explores the nature and magnitude of benefits accruing to nearby properties that arise from major highway construction or reconstruction projects, more precisely those that add capacity to an existing highway.


Summary In seven kindreds in which sickle cell (SS) patients had elevated (>12%) fetal hemoglobin (Hb F), Milner and colleagues reported that a determinant for elevated Hb F and elevated F cells was linked to the I3s gene. Independently, the Senegal (SEN) Ps haplotype has been found in association with elevated Hb F in SS and IB-thalassemia patients. We have used the kindreds of Milner and colleagues to characterize further the association of haplotype and y gene DNA sequence variation with Hb F expression. For the largest kindred, Wi, all four SS had high (>14%) Hb F and both SEN and Benin (BEN) haplotypes. Two AS cases carrying SEN had low Hb F and low F cells, while three AS and one CS carrying BEN had elevated Hb F and elevated F cells; only one AS carrying BEN had low Hb F and low F cells. In order to look for genetic alterations that could account for the elevated Hb F of kindred Wi, we sequenced both the Gy and )'Y genes of the Wi BEN haplotype. The data showed largely identical Gy and )iy genes which may have been generated by two gene conversions: the Ay promoter was like that of Gy 3' to -471, while the Gy IVSII was like that of "y in its 5' half. In addition, three new mutations were found in yIVSII. yIVSII sequence variation shown by this and other studies results in various distributions of the (A/C)CACCC motif for the binding of regulatory proteins, and we hypothesize that this may account for some of the variability of Hb F expression in SS patients.


Purpose: Limited information about recreational drug use over the post-secondary experience, particularly in Scotland are found. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate selected sociodemographics of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use in post-secondary helping profession students in Scotland. Method: The Queensland Alcohol and Drug Study Questionnaire modified for the UK was completed by helping profession students from 22 departments at universities and colleges in five Scottish cities. Results: The sample consisted of 949 males and 3117 female post-secondary students. As found in other studies, a significantly (p < .001) higher percent of males consumed alcohol. Males were more likely to smoke and use marijuana, however, there was no difference in the quantity of tobacco consumed. For both males and females, the prevalence of alcohol and marijuana was highest two or three years before the maximum use of tobacco (students over 24 years of age). Students under 24 years of age were more likely to consume alcohol and marijuana. Older students and those from the Midlands were more likely to consume tobacco. There was no difference between the regions in Scotland concerning alcohol or marijuana use. Conclusions: It was concluded that the results of this study supports other investigations in the UK conducted among young adults.


The exploitation of GNSS signals for reflectometry opens several fields of application over the ocean, land and in the cryosphere. Coherence of the reflection allows precise measurements of the carrier phase and signal amplitude for accurate sea surface altimetry and sea ice characterisation. A coherence condition can be set by a threshold of the signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR). Previous simulations suggest that an SNR > 30 dB will ensure a coherent processing of the signal.


Structural equations modeling or causal modeling is a strategy through which researchers enhance their ability to draw causal inferences for their empirical research. This type of modeling in family studies is useful when a researcher has the goal of determining whether certain cause and effect relationships among variables of interest exist in the real world of families. Godwin reviews the application of causal modeling in family research and the requirements for effectively implementing a causal modeling strategy. She concludes that a fundamental point that must be understood by critics of causal modeling with ex post facto data is that family researchers will never be able to address adequately the important causal questions of this discipline if researchers do not depart from the ideal experimental research design. That researchers will never know for sure whether a particular causal model is true is no reason not to try to discover whether it is a plausible representation of what is happening in the real world of families with as much certainty as possible. It is clearly superior to alternative methods such a relying on folklore armchair commentary or empirical tests using models and methods not designed for that purpose. Correlation does not imply causation but neither does the F test used with data from an experimental design taken alone imply causation. It is the logic of the theory the research design with its inherent advantage of creating ceteris paribus via random assignment and laboratory control the soundness of the measurement sampling and data collection plus the researchers careful consideration of group differences that collectively help the researcher infer causation. Regardless of what type of design is used being able to infer cause-and-effect in relationships from empirical data requires knowing about all the threats to such valid causal inference and ruling them out as systematically as possible. Causal modeling strategies should be viewed as 1 set of tools for aiding in that task. Causal modeling in family research has room for improvement. Until researchers begin thinking more comprehensively about the requirements for causal modeling and including those complexities in designs and empirical tests tests of causal models will be less than valid and understanding of families incomplete.


Alongside other researchers from seven countries across Europe, Svenja Ottovordemgentschenfelde recently contributed to a European Commission pilot study that investigated young children (0-8), families and digital technology. While the study found many common trends, Svenja highlights some country differences in parental management of media goods, contents and practices at home. She is a doctoral researcher at LSE's Department of Media and Communications and contributes to the Parenting for a Digital Future research project.


In this paper, we aim at introducing and studying two hypergeometric- type generating functions associated with the generalized zeta function; our goal is to derive their basic properties including integral representations, sums, series representations and generating functions. A number of (known and new) results are shown to follow as special cases of our formulae.


A detailed up-to-date record of the Spanish bibliography on Leibniz helps the readers of this paper to get a better comprehension of the German philosopher's metaphysics -and specifically the influence ofhis Monadology in present day philosophical research, and in the development ofa rationalist metaphysics.


The purpose of this research is to analyse the influence of e-advertising on consumers. The case study was conducted on culinary product by performing literature study method and questionnaires. Purposive sampling technique was used with two criteria namely age and location of residence. The questionnaires was distributed among 100 respondents with age ranging from 18 to 24 years old and resided in Bandung. The results show that advertisement in social media or e-advertisements is effective to influence consumers, this is indicated by most of respondents stated that they know the product from social media, not only conventional media. In addition, the coverage of e-advertisement exposure is very extensive. This is also supported by the fact that young adults tend to use social media and other online platforms to find information regarding product. This research contribute recommendation to integrate online means in their advertisement method.


The Book of Songs is the result of the rite society in the Zhou Dynasty, when we use rites to explain the Book of Songs, it is easy to grasp the gist of the Book of Songs. The scholars in successive dynasties had many different views about the Papaya in the Book of Songs.We will have a satisfied key if we can explain the Papaya in the Book of Songs with etiquette and custom of the Zhou Dynasty.In the Papaya in the Book of Songs, a women gives A man melons and fruits, and the man presents a jade in return , this custom is the source of the rites of exchanging gifts in the Zhou Dynasty.


Volume 3 describes the methodology for man-machine task allocation. It contains a description of man and machine performance capabilities and an explanation of the methodology employed to allocate tasks to human or automated resources. It also presents recommended allocations of tasks at five incremental levels of automation. (Modified author abstract)


Mentoring is a process in which a more experienced and knowledgeable individual (the mentor) acts as a role model, provides support and guidance to a developing novice (the protege), and assists in that person's development (Weaver & Chelladurai, 1999). In organizational settings, research has shown that mentors support their proteges using two types of mentoring functions: vocational and psychosocial (Kram, 1980). Further, research has indicated that mentor transformational and transactional leadership behaviours positively influence protege receipt of these two mentoring functions (Sosik & Godshalk, 2000). There are no known studies investigating the peer-to-peer mentoring that occurs between athletes in sport teams. Thus, the present study examined the relationship between peer athlete mentor leadership behaviours and protege receipt of mentoring functions. Varsity athletes (N = 272) assessed their mentor's use of transformational and transactional leadership behaviours, and mentoring functions. Using SEM, the results showed the leadership behaviours of inspirational motivation (β = .69, p < .001), democratic behaviour (β = .32, p < .001), social support (β = .29, p < .001), and positive feedback (β = .27, p < .001) were positively related to psychosocial mentoring.  Furthermore, the leadership behaviours of intellectual stimulation (β = .51, p < .001), contingent reward (β = .22, p < .005), training and instruction (β = .64, p < .001), and social support (β = .18, p < .001) were positively associated to vocational mentoring. Practical implications of the results are discussed.


The conformations and electrostatic potentials of phosphonamides, phosphonamidates and sulfonamides have been compared to the tetrahedral intermediate for base-catalyzed amide hydrolysis. The wide ...


In spite of strong economic recovery since 2000, the worst of the financial crisis in Asia may not be over. This article uses a predictive‐cultural‐critical framework to consider possible futures for economic development in the region. In the predictive dimension, the economic outlook for Asia looks pessimistic. In the cultural dimension, we give a negative expression to Asian appreciation and tolerance. In the critical dimension, we indicate an inconsistency between belief and action in Asia. However, a brighter future for Asia can be created if economic integration leads to political disintegration associated with market mechanisms and if the economic integration separates itself from Asian values.


This study reports on analyses of natural, geologic CO2 migration paths in Farnsworth Oil Field, northern Texas, where CO2 was injected into the Pennsylvanian Morrow B reservoir as part of enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration efforts. We interpret 2D and 3D seismic reflection datasets of the study site, which is located on the western flank of the Anadarko basin, and compare our seismic interpretations with results from a tracer study. Petroleum system models are developed to understand the petroleum system and petroleum- and CO2-migration pathways. We find no evidence of seismically resolvable faults in Farnsworth Field, but interpret a karst structure, erosional structures, and incised valleys. These interpretations are compared with results of a Morrow B well-to-well tracer study that suggests that inter-well flow is up-dip or lateral. Southeastward fluid flow is inhibited by dip direction, thinning, and draping of the Morrow B reservoir over a deeper, eroded formation. Petroleum system models predict a deep basin-ward increase in temperature and maturation of the source rocks. In the northwestern Anadarko Basin, petroleum migration was generally up-dip with local exceptions; the Morrow B sandstone was likely charged by formations both below and overlying the reservoir rock. Based on this analysis, we conclude that CO2 escape in Farnsworth Field via geologic pathways such as tectonic faults is unlikely. Abandoned or aged wellbores remain a risk for CO2 escape from the reservoir formation and deserve further monitoring and research.


Except for the report of a case of atophan hepatitis by Worster-Drought1in 1923 and a fatal case of liver atrophy due to Weldona tablets demonstrated by Cabot2in 1925, actual knowledge of the toxic effect of cinchophen preparations on the liver dates from 1926. In a little more than four years, forty-one cases have been reported. Including my two cases previously reported and seven cases presented here, there is a total of fifty cases with twenty-five deaths and twenty autopsies, confirming the diagnosis of toxic hepatitis and liver atrophy as the cause of death. It is highly probable that many cases have not been reported, and that many more cases of jaundice and liver atrophy would on careful investigation prove to be due to the previous use of the drug in one of its forms. This has been amply demonstrated by my own experience. The association of


Objective To explore the pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originated from an epileptic patient with sodium channel α-subunit type 1 (SCN1A) c.5768A>G mutation.Methods The iPSCs with human SCN1A c.5768A>G mutation were injected into the hypodermis and muscle in forelimb and hindlimb of three NOD/SCID mice for teratoma forming.The teratomas size was observed and measured 40 days after the injection and the blastoderm cell morphology of the teratoma was identified by using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.Genomic DNA of the teratoma tissues was got and PCR amplification was performed on the fragments carried c.5768A>G mutation; and sequencing analysis was performed by direct sequencing and bioinformatics.Results Teratomas was formed in the hypodermis and muscle of a NOD/SCID mouse 40 days after injection.Three tissues differentiated from endoderm,mesoderm and ectoderm of the teratomas were observed.Sequence analysis showed that the teratoma cells carried c.5768A>G mutation and the mutation site was highly conserved in different species,which had a probably damage to SCN1A protein.Conclusions The iPSCs originated from human SCN1A c.5768A>G mutation have multiple potency to differentiate into endoderm,mesoderm and ectoderm.

Key words:
Ionic channel;  Mutation;  Induced pluripotent stem cell;  Pluripotency


But w0=0, nx = l ; hence we get in succession n2 = 104, » 3 = 1 4 5 5 , . . . . Thus, Corresponding to the value of n3, we have 1456 8 -1455 3 = 2521. A similar question is suggested by considering even powers of (2 +V3). Pu t t ing (2 + «/3) '=(2a + l ) + 2«\/3, ( 2 -« /3 ) 2 r = (2a + l ) 2 K \ / 3 , then (2a + l ) 2 -12re = l, or ( 2 r a + l ) 3 ( 2 « l ) 3 = 2(2a + l). E. P. RoYSTON. Solution also received from G. H E P P E L .


The Bayesian approach to combining expert opinions is well developed, providing a decision maker's posterior beliefs after receiving advice from people with deep knowledge in a given subject. A necessary part of these models is the inclusion of dependencies between the experts' judgments, often justified by an overlap in the information on which the experts base their judgments. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical structure different than those previously proposed, where the mixing distribution is treated nonparametrically with a Dirichlet process. This makes our overall model a Dirichlet process mixture and allows for experts' model parameters to be equal in the mixture. We apply this approach to published expert judgment data, demonstrating that the decision maker's posterior distributions on the quantities of interest are not restricted to specific parametric forms, even allowing for multiple modes, and are thus more intuitively appealing.


Soft robots have the potential to be more robust, adaptable, and safer for human interaction than traditional rigid robots. State-of-the-art developments push these soft robotic systems towards applications such as rehabilitation and diagnostic devices, exoskeletons for gait assistance, and grippers that can handle delicate objects. However, despite these exciting developments, their inherent non-linear response limits the number of actuators that can be accurately controlled simultaneously, especially in complex or unknown environments. To enable modularly scalable and autonomous soft robots we have developed a new type of soft robot that is assembled from identical 1D building blocks with embedded pneumatic actuation, position sensing and computation. In this robotic system, motility might emerge from local interactions, rather than from a central brain. Here we shows that we are able to implement decentralized learning in this system. Using a stochastic optimization approach, each building block individually adjusts its actuation phase continuously, in order to find the fastest way to move in a predefined direction. We show that even for larger number of modules, this robotic system is still capable of learning. As a result, the system is robust to damage, as it will adjust its behaviour accordingly.


This paper describes our HMM-based speech synthesis system (HTS) [1] submitted to Blizzard Challenge 2013 [2]. The focus of this entry is to build a TTS without using any provided information and speedup the training procedures by parallel processing. In this system, the input text is tagged by Stanford parser [3] and transformed into phone sequences by Flite's letter to sound module [4]. Then all utterances are force-aligned using a phone recognizer trained using TIMIT [5] corpus. To consider the relationship between neighboring sentences, the linguistic features beyond sentence level are extracted including the (1) number and forward and backward positions of sentences in a paragraph and (2) punctuation marks (PMs) of current and surrounding sentences. Moreover, deterministic annealing expectation and maximization (DAEM) [6] and minimum generation error (MGE) [7] criterions are used to initialize and fine-tune the HTS models, respectively.


Photolimuniscence (PL) spectra of TlGaS2 layered crystals were studied in the wavelength region 500‐1400 nm and in the temperature range 15‐115 K. We observed three broad bands centered at 568 nm (A‐band), 718 nm (B‐band) and 1102 nm (C‐band) in the PL spectrum. The observed bands have half‐widths of 0.221, 0.258 and 0.067 eV for A‐, B‐, and C‐bands, respectively. The increase of the emission band half‐width, the blue shift of the emission band peak energy and the quenching of the PL with increasing temperature are explained using the configuration coordinate model. We have also studied the variations of emission band intensity versus excitation laser intensity in the range from 0.4 to 19.5 W cm‐2. The proposed energy‐level diagram allows us to interpret the recombination processes in TlGaS2 crystals. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The s-process in massive stars is analyzed as a function of metallicity. The nucleosynthesis occurring in both core helium and shell carbon burning is investigated by numerically modeling nuclear reaction networks, subject to the conditions provided by stellar models. The efficiency of the neutron-capture mechanism depends on the amount of enhancement that is assumed for the α-rich nuclei, that are observed to be overabundant with respect to iron in stars of metallicity lower than solar


Abstract Scanning electron microscopy in secondary (SEM) and back-scattered (BSEM) mode associated with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has been used to investigate decay features associated with biological colonization of calcareous and granitic building stones in monuments and rock outcrops in the UK, Portugal and Spain. In combination with physical decay caused by lichen hyphae penetrating the stone substrate, this study reveals how chemical attack by organic acid exudates derived from metabolic activity of lichens and leading to the crystallization and growth of inorganic salt compounds within the stone microfabric is contributing to the destruction and weakening of the building stone surface. BSEM analysis is particularly useful in showing extensive dissolution and corrosion of mineral surfaces underneath biological patinas. Both Ca-sulphate (gypsum) and Ca-oxalate (weddellite) precipitates are clearly associated with the presence of fungal hyphae and bacterial activity particularly in the case of calcareous building stones; the Ca-oxalates present in the example examined are then the result of biomineralization processes and do not derive from past restoration treatments or from air pollution as suggested by many authors. In urban locations, lichenous cover may facilitate the deposition of particulate airborne pollutants on the stone surface. Biological patinas are by no means forming a protective layer on the biocolonized substrate; as is the case with sulphate or non-sulphate soiling patinas from urban air pollution, they act as localized sites of intense desegregation of the stone underneath. Their promot (but careful) removal and a biocidal treatment of the infested sites in the building is then suggested to avoid permanent loss of detail, particularly harmful in the case of carved surfaces.


Objective:To investigate the effect of simple anterior or posterior acetabular wall dysplasia on the hip joint structure and their treatments.Methods:The clinical dignosis,,imageology characters,and therapeutic efficacy of 18 cases of patients who inflicted by simple anterior or posterior acetabular wall dysplasia were investigated retrospectively from 1995 to 2006. and then clinical jugement were made based on the Harris score and iconography judgement based on the Ficat classification. Results:All the patients were accompanied with coxarthritis or osteonecrosis of femur head. AASA and AcAVA changed with their relative simple anterior or posterior acetabular wall dysplasia ,but the angulus acetabularis and CE angle were normal. There were 2 cases of and 16 cases THR with randomly follow-up clinical investigaiton for average 4.6 yeas. Harris score improved from 51.2 score(43-67)to 89.6 score(82-100),effective rate could reach to 94%. Conclusions:Simple anterior or posterior acetabular wall dysplasia can lead to coxarthritis or even the osteonecrosis of femur head. The rational treatment,for example deepen the acetabular bone or adjust the positon and the attitude of prostheis ,can reconstruct the acetabular bone and rebuild the anatomic feathers and bio-mechanic relationship between the acetabular and femur head.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for simultaneously reading from or writing to different information carrier layers (71, 72 ...) of an optical recording medium (7) having at least two different information carrier layers (71, 72 ...), the device partial beam generating means (5, 91, 92 ...) for generating different partial beams (31, 32 ...), focusing means (6, 61, 62) for focusing the partial beams (31, 32 ...) on different information carrier layers (71, 72 ... ) and detection means (81, 82 ...) for detecting the partial beams (31, 32 ... having). DOLLAR A object of the invention is to provide such a device that a largely common optical path for the individual partial beams (31, 32 ...) provides yet tolerant of variations in the spacing of individual information carrier layers (71, 72 ...) from each other, is. DOLLAR A This object is achieved in that a partial beam generating means (5, 41, 42 ...) for coupling out a partial beam (31, 32 ...) and a beam influencing means (61, 62, 22, 23 ...) for independently is provided influencing the coupled-out partial beam (32, 33 ...). DOLLAR A The device according to the invention is suitable for recording media with read-only as well as single or multiple writable information carrier layers.


The random medium model containing cracks and the complex salt-dome structure model with the random medium model are designed.The wave field snapshots and the common source point seismic records are simulated based on the finite difference of the acoustic wave equations.The time-frequency amplitude error of the seismic record of the isotropic medium model with the same structure as the studied complex salt-dome structure model is analyzed using the time-frequency error analysis of continuous wavelet transform.The time-frequency characteristics of all channel seismograms are also analyzed by statistic method,which tally well with the time-frequency characteristics obtained by continuous wavelet transform.It is shown that the time-frequency error analysis method is a feasible method to the study of the wave field characteristics in random medium.


Theme addresses the author's reflections and experiences during her work as a lecturer of mathematics (in general in mathematics and particular in calculus in several decades in Albanian universities, but also as formative lecturer of future teachers of this discipline of in cycles of pre university education, but also referring experience of colleagues from university region and the respective contemporary literature. The concept of set, as the basic concept of today math's school given intuitively from in primary school textbooks, and he treated in spiral form ,in our school, being back on every cycle until university. Scientific embodiment of this concept along with the scientific side also requires pedagogical skill that is realized by training and experience of this formative concept and teaching methods. Treatment is important, because sometimes not properly understood by pupils, but also by students who prepare for teaching. This brings consequences on other concepts that accompany mathematics program. It is delicate, as is always have the risk of falling into error. In this paper, are examined the mathematics textbooks of various cycles of Albanian schools (undergraduate and graduate) which treats the concept of sets and their operations, exploring different issues and ways to overcome them. Conclusions and recommendations will give as a teaching aid for teachers and pupils in the learning process of this concept, but even further, making valid topic for a broad measure of researchers at different levels of education


Objective To evaluate the effect of embolotherapy in treating the splenic pseudoaneurysm related with pancreatitis. Methods In 8 cases with 8 pseudoaneurysms, in which six cases had bleeding after operation for acute pancreatitis and others were related with chronic pancreatitis, embolization had been carried out to the parent artery both distal and proximal with coils. CT scanning was performed after the embolization. Results All cases had been embolized successfully, and haemorrhage in 7 cases was stopped immediately, of which CT scan had been done in 5 cases after embolization, it showed that the pseudoaneurysms were not enhanced at all. Follow up was done for 3-21 months, 6 cases did not bleed again. Conclusion Percutaneous embolization of splenic artery is a simple, safe, and effective treatment mean for secondary pseudoaneurysm of pancreatitis.


A parallel corpus consists of texts that have been translated one / more than the original. Which topic to PC, the choice of text in the genre depends on the purpose of the compiler. When choosing a text for the Uzbek-English PC, it is advisable to collect translations from Uzbek into English and direct translations from English into Uzbek. Because some units may lose their value in indirect translation, the PC cannot fully perform its function, so texts that translate directly from the original to the PC are included.


ABSTRACT Corrosion tests allow to have information to indicate the state of materials in certain applications when environmental specifications are not met. It allows developing new material coatings to improve resistance to degradation. The area of materials inspection has relevance in construction, manufacture and medicine. In this work, we present an image corrosion classification method based on visual features and SVM (support vector machine). The feature extraction procedure includes SIFT (scale invariant transform features) and BOW (bag of words) approaches. The performance of classifiers is compared over the kernel function and the involved parameters. The experimental methodology known as the Tafel extrapolation method performed on each corrosion sample to find the corrosion rate and the corrosion current and voltage. A comparison between the Tafel test and the developed vision-based approach allows to see the high potential of the developed process to differentiate between pitting and general corrosion.


Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in radio communications for both terrestrial and earth space communication systems as well as for global climate change studies. Hence the water vapour data and its information plays vital role for scientists and researchers to evaluate the hidden patterns, trends for analysis and forecasting. In general radiosonde observations are the primary source of upper air water vapour data and are being used for estimation of different atmospheric parameters; on the other hand, different statistical and scientific methods are using to process the meteorological datasets in water vapour studies. However data assessment and usage is critical and challenging with many data level limitations to mitigate the accurate results. Currently there are extraordinary prospects in the Information Systems to process these data and explore. The data mining applications are the most promising features for radiosonde water vapour data forecasting easily and efficiently. As a part of this study, radiosonde observations over 34 Indian stations pertaining to a period of 17 years from 1997 to 2014 obtained from the British Atmospheric Data Centre(BADC) are pre-processed from the different met parameters of air temperature, dew point temperature and pressure levels for water vapour concentrations estimation at different height (pressure levels). This paper converse various analytics of surface level water vapour distribution patterns and trends with validation of the forecasting model based on the current trends by using improved version of artificial neural network (ANN) method. The proposed ANN model has been trained with training data and tested with test data for accuracy and better performance. The forecasted results are presented comparatively with the actual trends in the form of Physiographic Divisions, annual and seasonal charts water vapour distribution over India for better decision supporting systems


As a new branch of international theoretical linguistics, cognitive linguistics took shape during the 1990s. The present paper, guided by the principle of iconic-distance motivation, explores the regular word order of multiple attributives in English and Chinese. The regularity shared by the two languages demonstrates that some syntactic structures are prone to possess cognitive semantic motivation.


Traditional measurement method is difficult to implement automatic and parametric online measurement of threads, which restricts the automatic and intelligent production of threaded workpieces. In order to realize automatic and parametric on-line testing of drill pipe taper thread, a non-contact taper thread comprehensive system for the pipe was developed. The measurement method of taper thread and the data processing method in the system was studied. Based on spectral confocal principle, the measuring method of taper thread profile scanning was proposed. It was analyzed that the error of measurement principle is negligible due to the difference between the central axis of thread and the workpiece axis. The thread central axis was determined by scanning the thread stop. To gain the thread contour curve, two generatrices that pass through the central axis of a thread were scanned by the sensor. Due to the abnormal data collected by the sensor, the capability gage of the system was low, a data processing algorithm based on mathematical model matching of curves was developed, and the curves was piecewise fitted by least square method. The experimental results showed that the short range sensor and large pitch taper thread contour scanning measurement method can achieve high precision, high efficiency and comprehensive measurement of box thread. The capability gage (Cg) of the system is less than 0.006mm, capability gage index (Cgk) is less than 0.03mm, gauge repeatability & reproducibility (GR&R) is less than 5% of the workpiece tolerance. It can meet production demand and solve industry technical problem that the optical measurement method is difficult to realize the thread contour scanning measurement, especially the sweep measurement of internal thread contour.


410 Background: Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy with over 73,350 new cases diagnosed annually of which the incidence is increasing in the elderly. Radical cystectomy (RC), the gold standard for muscle invasive disease, carries a particularly high risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as a protracted length of stay (LOS) and increased readmission rates when compared with other major urologic procedures. Furthermore, in 2013, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) declared cancer care in the US a national crisis with a priority to improve quality of care through care coordination (CC). Simultaneously, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have surfaced as coordinated, evidence-based models designed to standardize medical care, improve outcomes, and lower healthcare costs. At City of Hope (COH), we evaluated our ERAS and CC pathway. Methods: In April of 2014, an ERAS and CC pathway for bladder cancer was launched at COH with an emphasis on the perioperative care of patient...


New spatial data sources are emerging that have attributes of big data. These sources challenge our ability to handle high degrees of velocity, volume, and variety, and also frequently include a wide range of attributes that stretch our ability to characterize their veracity. While it remains quite challenging to visually represent, interact with, and reason about these data, our focus in this work is to suggest what analysts may be able to learn from the gaps in what we measure or the absences suggested by certain attributes. Put simply, we need to know more about how to show the missingness and absence in spatial data and to understand how people reason with that type of information in geovisual analytics environments.


Structural and spectroscopic characterisation of cytochrome c′-β and cytochrome P460 from M. capsulatus (Bath) reveals highly similar protein folds but very different heme pockets, providing functional insights.


the definitive value (after the completion of construction). Results and Discussion. The difference between the predicted value and the definitive value is due to (1) changes in the types and quantities of construction material and the machinery specified in the design documents, and (2) updating the environmental load units during the construction process. To examine (1), CO 2 emissions were calculated on the basis of seven design documents. These documents focused on roads, bridges, tunnels, etc. The results of the calculations showed the following: 1) the predictive value is likely to range between 76% and 164%; 2) the main factors responsible for fluctuations in the predictive value are transportation distance and type of construction machinery; 3) excluding the influence of transportation distance and type of construction machinery, the predictive value is likely to range between 87% and 108%. Regarding (2), we think that the value of the environmental load units of concrete, iron, and asphalt may vary drastically. Conclusions. This study showed that differences exist between predicted values and definitive values in the LCA method for infrastructures. When making decisions based on a predicted value, we must take this difference sufficiently into account. Difference between the Predicted Value of the Design Stage and the Definitive Value after the Completion of Construction in Infrastructure LCA


An efficient Newton-GMRES algorithm is presented for computing two-dimensional steady compressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured hybrid grids. The scheme is designed on cell-centered finite volume method which accepts general polygonal meshes. Steady-state solution is obtained with pseudo-transient continuation strategy. The preconditioned, restarted generalized minimum residual(GMRES) method is employed in a matrix-free form to solve the linear system arising at each Newton iteration. The incomplete LU factorization is used for the preconditioning of the linear system and the reverse Cuthill-McKee reordering is applied to reduce the fill-in during the factorization. The Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is fully coupled with tile flow equations to simulate turbulence effect. The accuracy, efficiency and robustness of the presently developed method are assessed on various test problems including laminar and turbulent flows over flat plate and airfoils.


Thermal sprayed aluminum coated steels were exposed to subtropical climate at the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa. They were found to exhibit good corrosion resistance even after 25 years. The results of the present study indicate that the thickness of the thermal sprayed aluminum film need not necessarily decrease, rather it may increase with the duration of exposure, but the porosity clearly increased. Furthermore, a film of alumina was formed on the rust where damaged steel was exposed to the atmospheric environment. Therefore, the thermal sprayed aluminum film is believed to provide 1) environment interception and 2) electrolytic protection.


ABSTRACT The Person-of-the-Therapist Training (POTT) has grown and been refined, from its origins in the 1980s to its more formal articulation and implementation in recent years. After this process of development, it makes sense to look at the current state of this training model, and ponder about the directions in which POTT can continue to grow. In this paper, we take a look at the different ways POTT is currently being implemented in various settings and modalities, a testament to the versatility of POTT's philosophy and methods. We also present a summary of the available research on POTT's effects on the clinical and personal development of trainees. We conclude this paper by offering suggestions for POTT's growth and expansion, including recommendations for ways in which trainers, students, clinicians and supervisors who are interested in this model can remain connected, and exchange ideas and experiences.


This report contains the following papers: The strategic point of view (Bayliss, D); The private operator (Bewsey, P); The local authority point of view (Dawes, JG); The retail scene (Dunkley, MC); Trends for the future (Scames, AGD); The financial viewpoint (Gething, GR); Faults in car parks affecting their use and maintenance (Goldring, GR). (TRRL)


We report a sol-gel silica waveguide for biophotonic sensors. The fist demonstration is simple and novel nano-imprint lithographic method to fabricate Bragg grating in a sol-gel silica optical waveguide with high resolution of 250 and 90 nm.


Abstract 2705 Poster Board II-681 Conventional radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with directly radiolabeled anti-B cell antibodies (Ab) induces remissions in 50 to 80% of patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Although administering RIT as consolidation after chemotherapy improves response rates and produces long-term durable remissions in treatment-naive patients, the β-emitting radionuclides used in current RIT schemes may not be ideal for irradiating the microscopic tumors and the isolated tumor cells present in the setting of minimal residual disease (MRD). RIT with α-emitting radionuclides may be advantageous in the treatment of MRD because the short path length and high energies of α-particles produce optimal cytotoxicity at small target sites while minimizing damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Our group has successfully demonstrated that pretargeted RIT (PRIT) using streptavidin (SA)-Ab and radiolabeled biotin allows rapid specific localization of radioactivity at tumor sites. PRIT using α-emitting radionuclides may be particularly attractive since the most promising α-emitting radionuclides in clinical settings, such as 213 Bi (t½ = 46 min), have short half-lives and pretargeting allows the delivery of radioactivity to tumor sites before the activity decays. We therefore performed in vivo studies to evaluate the biodistribution of 213 Bi with PRIT. Athymic mice with B-cell NHL (Ramos) xenografts received a tetravalent anti-CD20 (1F5) single-chain (scFv) 4 SA fusion protein (FP) or a CC49 (scFv) 4 SA FP (non-binding negative control) followed by an N-acetyl galactosamine clearing agent (CA) and subsequent 213 Bi-DOTA-biotin infusion. Tumors, blood, and major organs were collected to determine the percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at various time points within ∼3 half-lives of 213 Bi. Maximal tumor uptake for 1F5 (scFv) 4 SA FP was 16.5 ± 7.0 %ID/g at 90 minutes vs. 2.3 ± 0.9 %ID/g for the control FP (p = 0.0001). Biodistributions of 213 Bi using a conventional RIT scheme with directly labeled Ab were also evaluated. Athymic mice with Ramos xenografts received 213 Bi labeled 1F5 Ab or 213 Bi labeled HB8181 Ab (a murine isotype matched nonbinding control). Maximum tumor uptake for 1F5 Ab was 3.0 ± 0.9 %ID/g at 180 minutes vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 %ID/g for the control Ab (p = 0.171). There were no significant differences in tumor uptake and normal organ distribution between the two Ab within 180 minutes of radiolabeled Ab injection presumably due to the protracted circulating half-life of radiolabeled Abs. These results were concordant with our previous experiments using other radionuclides, showing that maximal targeting of radiolabeled Ab occurs between 20 to 24 hours; well beyond the effective half-life of 213 Bi. When the results of PRIT and RIT studies were directly compared, tumor-to-blood ratios were 58 to 426-fold higher with PRIT than with conventional RIT. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios of nearly 100:1 were observed with PRIT compared to 3:1 or less with conventional RIT. Using the most favorable PRIT schemes defined in the biodistribution experiments, the therapeutic efficacy of 213 Bi was evaluated. Mice treated with PRIT using 1F5 (scFv) 4 SA FP followed by a CA and 600 μCi 213 Bi-DOTA-biotin experienced significant delays in tumor growth. The 1F5 (scFv) 4 SA FP treated animals had a mean tumor volume of 0.01 ± 0.02 vs. 203.38 ± 83.03 mm 3 for the CC49 control group at 19 days (p = 0.0006). The median survival for 1F5 group was not reached after 90 days; whereas, the median survival was 23 days for the CC49 group (p = 0.0019) and 16 days for untreated mice (p = 0.0023). The treatment was well tolerated, with no treatment-related mortalities in any group. These data demonstrate that PRIT using 213 Bi has a favorable biodistribution profile and excellent therapeutic efficacy. This model may be particularly effective in MRD settings and further studies are ongoing. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


THE traditional economics of industrial location are those derived from Alfred Marshall. He was always careful to point out that there are aims in life other than the maximization of net income, and indeed wrote what many still consider to be the classical passages pointing out that there are limits to which men will go in exerting themselves in the pursuit of wealth: 'The excellence of a moderate income obtained by moderate work' is the marginal summary' of a principle to which he attached much importance. But when he came to discuss industrial location2 it was in terms of maximum advantages of all kinds, but measurable in terms of reduced costs of production and distribution. We need not pursue this conflict through the literature of the last fifty years. But it is worth remarking that although social scientists became more aware over time of the fact that there are other satisfactions in life than increased income, they seemed no more inclined to take these into account in relation to decision making in the field of industrial location. P. W. S. Andrews and E. Brunner discussed this question briefly in relation to the present standing of the concept of profit maximization in general in an article appropriately entitled 'Business Profit and the Quiet Life'.3 They thought it was not the case that the concept of 'economic man' had been thrown out, or that in future the steering of the economy would have to be done by 'reference to psychological and sociological facts which are independent of, and so economically irrelevant to, any particular economic situation...' '... the location of a particular factory may have been precisely determined because it suited the managing director's desire for convenient access to a certain golf course, or because his wife wanted the week-end home to be in the Lake District. The question is not whether such a factor is, or is not, important in the individual case, but whether any particular factor of this kind has systematic effects upon economic variables.... 'It seems in fact to make much more sense to discuss location


Tree crop load affects carbon acquisition as well as processes like floral induction or fruit growth. Nevertheless little is known about the impact of local variations of source/sink relationships on these processes variability within the tree. This study aims at investigating the effects of local manipulation of source/sink relationships through leaf or fruit removal on photosynthesis and fruit growth. Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 on adult 'Golden' trees planted in the south of France. On trees in either high or low crop loads, 11 leaf or fruit removal treatments were set up early June. Treatments were performed at shoot or branch scales or one side of Y-shape trees. Photosynthesis was measured in June and August on the foliated parts of leaf-removal-treatment trees and on both the fructified and de-fructified parts of fruit-removal-treatment trees. At harvest, mean fruit weight was evaluated on the different parts of the trees. This study suggests a strong impact of the tree crop load on photosynthesis without any clear impact of the local fruit presence. Moreover, fruit weight was decreased on the defoliated parts when defoliation was performed on branches or on one side of the trees. This could suggest that trees are not able to exchange assimilates at long distances but also that defoliation caused a decrease in water transpiration with possible consequences on phloem-xylem fluxes. Conversely, our results show that long distant transport occurs between fructified and de-fructified parts of the tree. This is probably due to the very low demand of carbon in de-fructified parts which allows carbon fluxes to the fructified parts. This study gives new knowledge on the effects of source/sink distances on carbon acquisition and transport suggesting that the distance effects could differ depending on the process. These


] To find amylase inhibitors produced by microorganisms from soil, a strain which had a strong inhibitory activity against bacterial a-amylase was isolated from the soil sample collected in Seoul. The morphological and physiological characteristics of this strain on several media and its utilization of carbon sources showed that it was one of Streptomyces species according to the International Streptomyces Project method. The amylase inhibitor of this strain was l~urified by means of acetone precipitation, adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2, and column chromatography on Amkerlite CG-50 and SP-Sephadcx C-25. The inhibitor was stable at the pH range of 1N10 and at 100~ for half an hour, and had inhibitory activities against other amylases such as salivary a-amylase, pancreatic a-amylase, fungal a-amylase and glucoamylase. The kinetic studies of the inhibitor showed that its inhibitory effect on starch hydrolysis by aamylase was non-competitive.


Background The purpose of the study was to compare laparoscopic vs open restorative total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (TPC-IPAA) for ulcerative colitis regarding safety, feasibility, and postoperative outcome. Patients and methods This is a propensity score-matched study of cases that underwent TPC-IPAA for ulcerative colitis from February 2009 to December 2017. The data were collected from a prospectively maintained web-based hospital registry. Cases were distributed TPC-IPAATPC-IPAA into two classes depending on the form of method: group I (open TPC-IPAA) and group II (laparoscopic TPC-IPAA). Results The duration of the operation was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group (P=0.0001). The length of the wound is significantly longer in the open group (P=0.0001). Postoperative pain was significantly less in the laparoscopic group. Patients in the laparoscopic group started oral intake earlier than the open group (P=0.0001). The incidence of overall postoperative morbidity was 39.3% in the laparoscopic group compared with 60.7% in the open group (P=0.11). Functional outcomes and postoperative anorectal manometry were comparable between both the groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic TPC-IPAA was equivalent to open TPC-IPAA in terms of health and viability. Laparoscopic TPC-IPAA showed superior postoperative cosmoses, less postoperative pain, earlier resumed oral intake, but with longer operating time.


The viability of Eschericia coli BL21 (DE3) bearing JSU (Jembrana Surface Unit) recombinant protein depend on several factors, such as temperatures and time of storage. JSU act as a vaccine candidate for the Jembrana disease in Bali cattle, therefore, it is important to keep the quality and quantity the yield of JSU recombinant protein, the E. coli need to maintenance. The study was designed to examine the viability of Escherichia coli at different temperatures and time of cultivation. The E. coli BL21 bearing JSU was cultured in LB broth (+Amph 100µg mL−1) overnight and aliquot it in 1.5mL sterile tube (3 tube every temperatures). The tubes were incubated in three storage temperatures (Room Temperatures/RT, 4°C and -20°C. The viabilities of the cells were observed in 24, 48 and 120 hours by measuring the Optical density by spectrophotometer, and then inoculated it in LB plate (+Amp 100µg mL−1). The result showed that statistically, there were significant effect (P<0.05) in temperature -20°C at 24h and 120h observation on viability of E. coli BL21. The viability of E. coli at -20°C and storage time observed at 120h are more stabile, compared the other temperatures (RT and 4°C). There was no significant effect on both temperatures RT and 4°C in OD600 at 24 and 48h and the growth was decreased until 120h observation. The observation at 24h with 4°C cultured has a higher OD600 (1.098) followed by RT (1.070) and -20°C (0.773). The viability of E. coli was decreased at 48h with RT (1.011) and 4°C (1.0611), meanwhile, at -20°C the cells were increased (0.958). Meanwhile, the observation at 120h, the cells was more stabile at -20°C (0.961) compared with cultures from 4°C (0.981) and RT (0.719). Based on the OD600, the viability at the -20°C intended more stabile compared to RT and 4°C, but in the 24h the growth at -20°C are very low because no protectant added in the culture, it will shock the cells and dead. This finding showed that viability of E. coli BL21 bearing JSU recombinant protein better to keep in -20°C for longer period storage time with an addition of protectant agent in the culture media to keep the cells alive and more stabile.


by KONRAD R. FIAi+KOWSKI Iglaseegasse 68, 1190 Vienna, Austria. 9 XII 85 Increase of brain volume is one of the basic features which differentiate he australopithecines and other human ancestors from modern Homo sapiens. Compared with most evolutionary changes, this increase was rapid, amounting during the Pleistocene to an average of 50-100 cm3 per 100,000 years. The increase in hominid brain volume can be described by an S-shaped curve (see Goralski and Wierciiiski 1964). The mechanism for this adaptation is unclear (Bielicki 1984). It is generally held that simple tool using and tool making and certain social requirements of the hunting mode of life generated powerful selection pressures for new mental abilities, such as planning, memory, more complex and more efficient communication, etc. However, tool making and tool using seem insufficient toexplain the beginning of the growth. The relatively small brains of the australopithecines were sufficient for making simple stone tools. Whereas the brain more than doubled in size during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene and its growth was exponential, stone tools show no comparable breakthrough in sophistication. If there was positive feedback (increase in tool sophistication -> increase in brain volume -> increase in tool sophistication, and so on), it should have resulted in a more evident acceleration and perhaps qualitative change in the sophistication of tools. On the contrary, effective hunting projectiles with hafted points are apparently absent prior to the terminal Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic (Camps-Fabrer 1974; Oakley et al. 1977; Klein 1978; Binford 1981, 1982). The lack of comparable accelerations in the two processes may indicate the lack of positive feedback between them; it may mean that although increase in brain volume produced gradual increase in tool sophistication, it was itself independent of tools and stimulated by other mechanisms. The idea that factors other than tool making or tool using triggered brain-size increase has already been expressed, for example, by Mayr (1970:384): "Evidently the use and even the making of simple stone tools was not the decisive factor that led to the spectacular increase in brain size in the 1 million years between 1.3 and 0.3 million years ago." One of the immediate consequences of this approach may be the notion that increase in brain volume was a preadaptation for abstract thinking (i.e., that the human brain is a side effect of an unknown adaptation that had nothing to do with abstract thinking). Indeed, only the side-effect hypothesis can explain why, under such strong selection pressure as apparently operated in the Middle Pleistocene, the hominid brain did not develop into a simpler one just sufficient to process the information ecessary for a pack-hunting predator (a primate analogue of the wolf or the hunting dog) to control the manufacture of simple stone tools for crushing and the use of sticks or bones for killing, intimidation, and digging. If the hunting way of life generated selection pressures for new mental abilities, such a relatively simple, specialized brain would have been efficient enough to reduce them and make the rapid further evolution of the brain essentially unnecessary. Human brain capabilities definitely exceeding those required for hunting constitute the key problem of hominid evolution. Preadaptation seems the only evolutionary pattern that might result in the observed


In this paper, the wireless coverage planning methods of TETRA system for line one of Chongqing metro is put up based on the feature of TETRA system and the application condition of urban rail transit. Some specifications were analyzed such as the number of channels, the user capacity and range of switching, etc, and the wireless chain road indicators and network structure were also designed.


A strategy based on tandem alkynylation of o-hydroxyarylenaminones followed by intramolecular cyclization has been developed to generate a diverse array of 3-alkynyl chromones. The functionality embedded in these key intermediates enables their facile elaboration into more diverse structures by a variety of functionalizations and ring-forming processes.


With the high speed development of the market economy, it is very important for the war industry mill to reform and develop. There are many illogicalitys and problems to be fulfilled and studied in the course of the development. On the basis of analysis of the war industry mill actuality and its wrought factor, the paper brings forward the viewpoint to eliminate three kinds of idea obstacles, build up ten kinds of concepts and deal with four kinds of relations to push the war industry mill constantly and effectively to reform and develop healthily and steadily.


Personnel potential of local government bodies is studied. Significant qualitative and quantitative parameters of the current personnel structure of local authorities are revealed. Recommendations on the use of complex personnel development technologies aimed at improving the efficiency and stuff professional development are made.


Trace metal contamination of water and sediment may have a serious ecological risk to aquatic environmental health. The present study was organized to determine the five globally alarming heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) levels in the sediment and assess their


A brief overview of materials. Processing, technologies, and performance of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) are presented. Sate-of-the-art results on the dc, microwave, power, and noise characteristics of these devices on sapphire and SiC substrates are discussed. It is evident that AlGaN/GaN HFETs will be used for high power applications at microwave frequencies in the future. It is also possible that these devices will find applications for low noise amplifiers.


Better understanding terrain in mountainous environments can lead directly to improved communication and management during outdoor recreation, education, and leadership experiences. Theories of risk and spatial cognition help explain why terrain and exposure are inextricably connected. However, popular constructions of terrain in a wide variety of literature sources problematically conflate often unrelated determinations of climbing terrain difficulty and climbing exposure, a measure of both space beneath a climber and consequences of a fall. Explicitly separating these two constructs likely provides clearer and safer experiences during mountain travel, perhaps directly improving professional practice in outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. More concrete definitions of terrain classifications and levels of exposure are proposed, in addition to potential terrain management techniques.


More and more fieldbus applications require a communication with real-time properties, while still being economically feasible. The fieldbuses LIN and TTP/A take this requirement into account by providing a temporally deterministic communication protocol that uses a common UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) as communication interface. Due to the fact, that UARTs originally have not been designed for this kind of application, some problems arise that require increased software and processing effort or reduce the achievable bandwidth. This paper presents a UART module that has been adopted to be used in real-time applications: A synchronization mechanism is provided, which reduces the software complexity and facilitates the periodical synchronization required by the mentioned real time communication protocols. Further the UART is able to initialize actions on occurring events. In this way, a big part of the communication process can be handled autonomously by the UART module. Send jitter has been eliminated completely and the arithmetic error in baud rate setting has been significantly reduced. Therefore the UART module is able to work with unprecise clock sources with a high drift rate, as it is the case with low-cost RC oscillators.


There is an obvious sandcoast erosion in Hainan Island. By means of field investigation,location measure and comparison of charts, the auther aralyses and discusses the erosion and its cause.


This paper introduces three types of representative controlling strategies and technical basis and route in major wind turbine generator with plane shaft.


In addition to offering a great variety of narrative transition formulas, in Don Quixote interlacing has a triple function: a balancing instrument in the making of the story; a strategy for the construction of diegesis; and an opportunity to expand the space and functions of the enunciative system. By means of this triple function of interlacing, Cervantes distances himself from his triple intertextual model (the two Orlandos and Amadís), to lay the foundations for a new way to conceive narrative.


This chapter covers the aetiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Common risk factors are described, including certain cancers such as pancreatic and lung cancers, metastatic disease, various cancer treatments, and central venous catheters. Treatment of VTE is discussed, including low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin. New oral anticoagulants are briefly mentioned, and there is an overview of nursing care for patients with VTE.


Analogue predistorter (APD) has gained a new significance due to the need for high bandwidth in the fifth generation (5G) communication. As predistorted signal is generated in the analogue domain, it is free from data converter bandwidth limitation and presents an attractive linearisation solution for power amplifier (PA) in the 5G base station. Furthermore, it also finds its application in the multicarrier repeater system for long-distance communication, where the baseband information is not readily available. However, the performance of the conventional APD is dependent on the appropriate control of gain and phase of the predistorted signal. The state-of-the-art work in analogue linearisation solutions mostly utilises vector multiplier for such a control. This work points out the limitations of such a scheme and proposes a novel control scheme (CS) that is capable of extracting better benefits of the APD. An experimental validation is carried out by linearising 10 W HMC8500 broadband GaN PA, excited by a eight-component carrier 160 MHz ultra-broadband long-term evolution signal. The proposed Type-II CS delivers an adjacent channel power ratio of −45.05 dBc with an improvement of 18 dB, which is 4 dB better than Type-I CS.


Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee


A Moving Mesh method is proposed for numerical solution of one dimensional non linear Burgers Equation with homogeneous Dirichlets boundary conditions. Discretization of derivatives is obtained by


Purpose: Infertility affects nearly 12% of couples worldwide, with a male factor being the primary or contributory reason in around 50% of cases. MiRNAs are essential post-transcriptional regulators in the spermatogenesis process, and dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to have harmful effects on male fertility. However, it is unclear which miRNAs are associated with infertility-related genes. The aim of this study is, to utilize various bioinformatics approaches, to identify miRNAs that may have a role in the regulation of infertility-related genes.
Materials and Methods: The study first selected genes associated with infertility from the Male Infertility Knowledge Base (MIK) database. Pathway analysis of the defined genes, PPI interaction, and hub proteins related to these genes were revealed by the Elsevier pathway collection database and Enrichr tool. Following that, miRNAs that can influence infertility-related genes were determined, and the influence of the miRNA-target gene connection on male infertility was established bioinformatically using various in silico tools like miRPathDB 2.0 tool, StarmiR, and miRNet.
Results: Male infertility associated 21genes were selected from the MIK database and 15 miRNAs were identified that are most likely to regulate these genes bioinformatically. 10 hub proteins related to defined male infertility genes were analyzed.
Conclusion: Our bioinformatic study results indicate that miR-34a-5p dysregulation may contribute to infertility through CREM, LAMP3, AGBL5, FOXM1 genes and and also miR-335-5p may cause infertility via the CFAP65, CFTR, and GAPDHS genes.


The present invention is natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, a raw rubber mixture singly or two or; Reinforcing fillers such as carbon black, silica; Aromatic-based components, process oil consisting of naphthenic component and paraffin component; Vulcanizing agents; Vulcanization accelerator; Antioxidants; And the other in the rubber composition for a snow tire tread containing the additives, environment, by a process oil added to RAE process oil composed of 35 ± 5wt% aromatic type component, naphthenic component 28 ± 5wt%, paraffinic components 38 ± 5wt% friendly, yet it is possible to obtain effects such as snow when applied to the tire tensile properties, naemamodo rises, the ice / snow and ice braking performance and improved rolling resistance, reduced at the same time. Processing oil * PAH * friendly * Thai * Tread


The fourth-grade 2019 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Reading assessment shows that 34% of the nation's students perform below the NAEP Basic level. However, because there is no achievement-level description for below Basic, educators and policymakers lack information on the nature of the reading difficulties that these students face. To help fill this gap, we analyze data from the 2018 NAEP Oral Reading Fluency study. We find that, compared with students who perform at the NAEP Basic level and above, students who perform below NAEP Basic level are much more likely to have poor oral reading fluency and word reading skills.


* From the Department of Medicine, Lower Bucks Hospital, Bristol, Pa. 19007. In recent years, electrocardiographic changes following cerebrovascular accidents, surgical procedures and vagus nerve involvement have aroused considerable interest. These three different etiologic factors were considered in a patient who has been under our observation; their discussion is the purpose of this presentation.


The aim of this research is to provide engineers with an improved method of predicting the long term evolutionary effects of significant engineering changes in estuaries. Two separate forms of one dimensional analytical models were initially investigated for this work. Of these, the Reflected Wave Model is described in detail and was tested for four separate estuaries. A study of the model properties was undertaken, and it was concluded that a more complex iterative model was required for this study. SALMON-Q, which is a development of the HR Wallingford TIDEWAY-1D model was selected. This gave satisfactory results for the Thames, the Nene, the Parret and the Dee. The REGIME modelling technique was then developed as a predictive tool for estuarine morphological evolution.


The digital rights management (DRM) systems attempt to protect digital content, which is by nature vulnerable to unauthorized distribution and use. The incompatibility of various DRM systems, however, hampers the diffusion of DRM. To increase DRM interoperability, we propose a generic rights model which illustrates the constructs and the relationships of rights. The model supports a decomposition operation, which allows the separation of different logical parts of rights. The decomposition provides a basis to improve interoperability between DRM systems and to maximize rights exporting.


Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most common ligament injured in the knee and its major portion attributed to contact sports. This study aims to reveal the correlation between clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation, and arthroscopic findings in ACL injury with the consideration of arthroscopic findings as the gold standard among them. Materials and Methods: A prospective double blinded study conducted in 161 patients attended sports injury clinic from September 2020 to September 2022 .Patient selection done with well defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.All selected patients were underwent clinical examination, MRI evaluation and arthroscopic procedure. Results: The sensitivity of clinical examination and MRI evaluation for ACL injury was the same (94.9%), while specificity were 72.1 and 79.1%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive value of clinical examination was 90.3% and 83.8%, were as for MRI evaluation, it was 92.6% and 85.0%. The accuracy of MRI evaluation and clinical examination were 90.7% and 88.8%, respectively. Conclusion: A methodically performed clinical examination is equivocal to MRI evaluation in isolated ACL injury and MRI evaluation can be useful to clarify the diagnosis in doubtful clinical scenarios.


In the usual survival analysis setup, it is assumed that all individuals are susceptible to the event of interest. However, there are some clinical trials in which a group of patients responds favorably to the treatment. Those patients are usually followed up for a long time and can be regarded as cured. Survival models that consider a cured fraction, known as cure rate models, are becoming more popular to deal with data from cancer clinical trials. When a cure rate model is assumed, it is often of interest to estimate the proportion of cured patients. A simple non-parametric estimator for the proportion of cured patients was proposed by Maller & Zhou (1992). Parametric regression models have been proposed by Ghitany, Maller & Zhou (1994), Farewell (1982) and Gamel & Vogel (1997) and some authors have considered a semiparametric approach (Peng 2003). Also, in the context of cure rate estimation, the problem of sufficient follow-up arises naturally and it has been addressed by Maller & Zhou (1995) and Klebanova & Yakovlev (2007). In this work, we consider the problem of non-parametric estimation of the proportion of cured patients and of the survival distribution of the uncured ones. We propose estimators based on the IPW (Inverse Probability Weighting) technique (Robins, Rotnitzky & Zhao 1995) and some properties are obtained.