Social capital to the countryside is not only an indispensable condition for the sustainable and coordinated development of rural economy and society, but also the fundamental solution to the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and an important force to promote rural revitalization. After comparing and analyzing the five theoretical modes of social capital going to the countryside, this paper puts forward the criteria for judging the mode of capital going to the countryside with equal status, multi-contract, benefit sharing and supervision in place. It also analyses the internal mechanism of the mode of multi-element contractual capital going to the countryside. Finally, it puts forward the policy guarantee mechanism of social capital going to the countryside from four aspects: supporting policy to be accurate, protecting policy to be in place, innovating policy to be active, and supervising policy to


To ensure that the tunnel elements can be immersed and landed safely, an experimental study with scale model tests was performed to investigate the dynamic responses of the immersing tunnel element under random waves. The experimental measurements revealed quantitatively the dynamic behavior of the tunnel element and hoist ropes under different wave climates and negative buoyancy. From the results, we observed uncontrolled motions of the element and slack in the hoist ropes during the stage of freeboard elimination. Thus, an important conclusion is that the freeboard elimination scenario should be checked against cable breakages and the stability of the tunnel element in the design stage, which has not been highlighted in the past literature.


Sixteen patients (11 M, 5 F), median age 41 years, with essential hypertension insufficiently controlled on hydrochlorothiazide 75 mg/day (DBP≥100 mmHg) were investigated. Plasma renin concentration (PRC), angiotensin II concentration (PA II), aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNAC), plasma volume (PV) and exchangeable sodium (NaE) were determined and a saralasin-infusion (5·4 nmol/kg/min) was carried out while the patients were on thiazide alone, and in fourteen cases, repeated 3 months later after addition of a β-blocker (propranolol 6, metoprolol 6 and atenolol 2 patients). On thiazide alone PRC, PA II and PAC was higher than normal in the group as a whole and the angiotensin II-inhibitor, saralasin, caused a significant decrease in MAP in twelve out of sixteen patients. After addition of a β-blocker SBP and DBP decreased from 164/109 mmHg to 136/94 mmHg. PRC and PA II decreased by 40% and 58%, respectively. At this point saralasin caused no significant change in MAP....


This paper studies the optical absorption in single-crystal Bi/sub 12/TiO/sub 20/ doped with V and Nd. Also, for purposes of possibly extending the applicability of sillenites, the optical absorption spectra of solid solutions of bismuth germanate and titanate (Bi/sub 12/Ge/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 0.7/O/sub 20/) and films of Bi/sub 12/GaO/sub 20/ are studied. The single crystals were prepared by the Czochralski method while the films were grown by liquid-phase epitaxy on oriented substates of bismuth silicate. The dopants were added to the batch in the amount of 0.1 mass % for both V and Nd.


Objective To evaluate the changes of the left atrial function in the patients with hypertension classified by diastolic states in virtue of the strain rate analyzing.Methods The study population consisted of 54 patients with hypertension and 12 healthy volunteers(control group).The patients with hypertension were further grouped into 2 cohorts according to the echocardiographic diastolic function.Group A included 31 patients with normal diastolic function;Group B included 23 patients with mildly impaired diastolic function.The longitudinal strain rate(SR) and strain(e) were measured in the posterior LA wall and the relationship between the SR/e profiles and the left atrial functional parameters including the left atrial systolic force index(LASFi),left atrial stroke volume index(LASVi) and left atrial active emptying fraction(LAAEF) were analyzed in the groups.Results No significant difference in ASS was observed in the group A and control group.The ASS in group B was higher than those in group A and control group as well(P0.01);The ESR、ASR and ASS were similar between group A and control group.Both ESR and ASR in group B were higher than group A and contraol grouep(P0.01).The ASR was postively correlated with LASFi(r=-0.525,P0.01)and negatively correlated with LASVi and LAAEF(r=-0.509,P0.01 and r=-0.650,P0.01).Conclusion SR/e imaging could be used as a new method to assess left atrium function,which might be helpful for awareness of the physiological and pathophysiological changes of left atrial function in the patients with hypertension.


[1] We investigate the long-term (months to years) predictability of cross-shore sandbar migration with two models that operate on different abstraction levels: (1) a coupled, cross-shore waves-currents-bathymetric evolution model and (2) two data-driven neural network models, based on simplified cross-shore profile representations and daily averaged wave properties. For model calibration, training, and validation, we use a high-resolution 15 yearlong profile data set collected at the Hasaki Oceanographic Research Station in Japan. Sandbar behavior at this field site is characterized by cycles of net-offshore migration with a duration of 1–4 years. We find that all models can produce several general features of sandbar behavior at the studied field site, such as rapid offshore migration, slower onshore return, and net-offshore migration. However, it is difficult to quantitatively predict the offshore-directed trends in sandbar location over time scales of months to years. While simple linear models outperform more detailed nonlinear models, for all models it is difficult to predict long-term sandbar behavior, because of error accumulation in the model's processes over time. Representing processes on a more abstract level (scale aggregation) alleviates error accumulation but does not completely overcome this problem.


A case study of a pulsating auroral event imaged optically at high time resolution presents direct observational evidence in agreement with the interhemispheric electron bouncing predicted by the SuperThermal Electron Transport model. "Pulsation‐on" times are identified and subsequent equally spaced fainter pulsations are also noted and can be explained by a portion/percentage of the primary precipitating electrons reflecting upward from the ionosphere, traveling to the opposite hemisphere and reflecting upward again. The high time resolution of these data, combined with the short duration of the pulsation‐on time (∼1 s) and the relatively long spacing between pulsations (∼6 to 9 s) made it possible to observe the faint optical pulses caused by the reflected electrons coming from the opposite hemisphere.


This study examined the hourly monitoring data from 2006 to 2009 collected by the Aerosol Supersite of the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan. The OC/EC primary ratio method has been applied to estimate the content of secondary organic carbon (SOC). Results of this study indicated that the monthly concentrations of PM2.5, OC, and EC all remained low in summer but went up in winter. Possible factors were climate-related and influences from continental high pressure systems. The content (24–36%) of SOC in summer was significantly higher than in other seasons, indicating that a great formation of organic carbon in summer. When considering the hourly trend, apparent peaks can be consistently observed in the morning, which may be due to an increase of mobile pollution source and photochemical reactions. (OC/EC)min ratio values were calculated based on both hourly and daily concentrations of OC and EC, then annual values (2006~2009) were 0.20~1.11 and 0.68~2.72 for hourly and daily data base respectively. Content of SOC in PM2.5 and OC were estimated to be 16~23 % and 75~93 % based on (OC/EC)min ratio from hourly data set, and were 11~18 % and 42~77 % based on (OC/EC)min ratio from daily data set. Results from this study, as well as those from other studies, demonstrated that the OC/EC ratio is dependent upon the sampling method as well as the method of analysis. Furthermore, the daily OC/EC ratio may change, and significant variations may be found even within 24 hours. Taken together, when conducting estimation of SOC, it is important to eliminate the consideration on background concentrations but to take a good advantage of the high temporal resolution of hourly monitoring data in order to estimate SOC using a corrective approach.


A polyurethane foam, suitable for shoe soles in particular, and a process to prepare it. This polyurethane has a touch that is similar to that of thermoplastic styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber, but offers reduced cost and easy processability. It is prepared from a formulation including a polyether triol with a hydroxyl value of from 25 to 30 and a molecular weight from 5000 to 7000 g/mol; a polyether diol with a hydroxyl value of from 25 to 30 and a molecular weight from 3000 to less than 5000 g/mol; from 2 to 7 wt% of monoethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol or neopentyl glycol as a chain extender; a copolymer polyether polyol having a styrene acrylonitrile solids content of at least 30 wt% and an average hydroxyl number of at least 18; an isocyanate component; and a blowing agent that includes water.


The paper is devoted to the homogenization of the Neumann boundary value problem for the stationary and nonstationary Ginzburg-Landau heat equations in a porous medium consisting of a melange of a superconductor and a dielectric with complicated microstructure.


This umbrella review used a systematic approach to examine the state of the evidence regarding the nonspecialist health worker (NSHW) workforce in mental health and psychosocial services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Seventeen review articles were included in this analysis. Most reviews defined nonspecialists by their lack of formal mental health experience. Less than half of the reviews reported their qualifications and roles. Findings indicated that NSHWs were trained and supervised in a range of skills with variability in approaches, duration, format and topical focus. The evidence supporting NSHW-delivered interventions was mixed but mainly favourable, particularly for depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder; additionally, studies identified implementation challenges with the nonspecialist workforce. In conclusion, NSHWs are widely used in LMICs to address mental health needs and some indicators suggest the interventions they deliver are beneficial, yet little is known about their needs and requirements. Further work is needed to prioritise nonspecialists as a critical workforce in global mental health. This includes developing best practice models, new policies and investments and conducting further research.


This paper deals with issues of budgetary oversight and accountability in the field of secondary education. Based on the case of Ukraine, the paper analyzes the state of general budgetary oversight on the local level and goes into detail concerning fiscal accountability of educational units. It is argued that the most striking feature of Ukrainian budgetary oversight on the local level is the dominant role of the state bodies involved and a very minor role attributed to the customers of educational services. In order to change this unjustified bias, a series of policies is proposed, aimed at decentralization of the educational sector, its institutionalization, and raising the level of self-governance of the school units.


The dimensional electrophoresis profiles with good resolution and repeatability was got by separating the proteins of alfalfa on the bud of male sterile(Ms-4) and fertile plants(MF)of bud emergence stage.By using ImageMaster 2Dsoftware to analyze silver stained 2-DE gel,the protein spots of Ms-4 and MF mainly scattered in the isoelectric point of 5~7 with maximum distribution of molecular weight in 20~60kD.There were about 6 000 expressed protein points in bud for Ms-4 and MF,and about 98 spots were differential expressed.The 22 protein spots were successfully identified by mass spectrometry analysis.The ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain,UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and others played an important role in photosynthesis,carbohydrate metabolism and the development of multicellular organisms by using Blast2 GO program to analyze function and metabolic pathway of the 22 proteins.Meanwhile,they were involved in the composition of cytoplasm,cell wall and other parts,which has some functions,including binding,catalytic,combining and hydrolysis and others.It concluded preliminary that the lack of protein and the changes of expression levels might lead to male sterility,which may attributed to the loss of energy and the change of material synthesis in the development process of alfalfa pollen.


The cost and risks associate with the execution of robotics tasks in space require that all procedures are verified on earth prior to their execution. A free-flight robot task verification facility was developed through a hardware-in-the-loop way. It consists of a series of simulation and analysis tools to be used for verifying the kinematics, dynamics, visual accessibility and computation power. Experimental results indicate this system can completely simulate space robot task.


Introduction Allergic rhinitis, like other allergic diseases, is one of the most common disorders during childhood; this study was conducted to assess and compare the prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents living in Kurdistan province. The study was aimed to provide a ground for the identification of likely causes and risk factors of this disorder. Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. In order to collect data, 4,000 questionnaires were distributed to elementary schools and junior high schools and 3,890 questionnaires were completed; as a result, the survey response rate was 97%. The study was carried out based on International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): ISAAC questionnaire. After entering the data into SPSS version 13, they were analyzed using logistic regression and Chi- square test. Results Of a total 3,890 people, 29.7% of the subjects in this study reported a history of sneezing or runny nose in the past 12 months; it was reported more in boys in the age group 13-14 years and the difference between the sexes was significant [Odds ratio(OR)=1.35, Confidence interval (CI)]: 1.09-1.67, P < 0.01). Based on physician diagnosis, 9.37% of the subjects were overtaken by allergic rhinitis and it was more prevalent in boys at both educational levels and the difference was statistically significant in subjects aged 13-14 years old (OR=1.44 CI: 1.07-1.94, P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of the allergic rhinitis symptoms in children and adolescents living in Kurdistan province is relatively high and it is necessary to carry out extensive studies on its important risk factors.


The increase in road traffic during the last two decades in combination with an insufficient degree of maintenance due to shortage in funds have caused an accelerated and continuous deterioration of the road network in Iraq. To alleviate this process, several types of measures may be effective, e.g., securing funds for maintenance, improved roadway design, use of better quality of materials and the use of more effective construction methods. In this research, waste plastic bags as one sort of polymers and polypropylene fiber are used to investigate the potential prospects to enhance asphalt mixture properties. The objectives also include determining which one of the two additives is better than the other to be used and its proportion. The two additives were introduced to the mixture in state of small pieces (2-4 mm). Marshall mix design was used, first to determine the optimum bitumen binder content and then further to test the modified mixture properties. In total, (51) samples were prepared (15 samples were used to determine the optimum binder content and the remaining samples were used to investigate the effect of modifying the asphalt mixtures). The optimum asphalt content was (5 %). Six proportions of each additive type and stated by weight of the optimum binder content were selected to be tested (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%). The tests include the determination of bulk density, stability and flow. Marshall Mix design requires the determination of the percentages of air voids and air voids of mineral aggregate. The results indicated that polypropylene fiber (PPF) modifier provides slightly better engineering properties. The recommended proportion of the polypropylene fiber (PPF) modifier is not more than (6%) by the weight of bitumen content, while it is not more than (8%) for recycled plastic bags (polyethylene). It is found to increase the stability, reduce the density and slightly increase the air voids and the voids of mineral aggregate, but no clear effect on the flow for both additives.


A fully biocompatible and tunable plasmonic resonator consisting of silk protein and gold nanostructure is demonstrated. The silk plasmonic absorber sensor is based on the metal-insulator-metal resonator exhibits stimuli responsive optical properties.


The objective of this article is to state that the mind-body problem, understood in terms of the determination of an ontology, be it monistic or dualistic, has been poorly addressed; hence, it leads to intricate paths and erroneous, as well as extravagant, conclusions. Understanding the relationship of the mind with the brain, in ontological terms, is among other factors, due to the Cartesian inheritance and its clear dualism. It is argued that the philosophical mind-body problem is not different from a scientific mind-body (brain) problem, in which one must look for support in the empirical evidence. Finally, it is argued that a successful philosophical analysis regarding the relationship between the mental and the cerebral must be considered as a conceptual problem associated with linguistic meaning and with epistemological consequences, but not ontological. Likewise, it is concluded that many of the concepts related to the mental must be considered in relation to institutional reality in order to avoid an eliminatory attempt at naturalization.


This study was carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River in southwest China, which represents the upper Yangtze River. Hydraulic structures (14 cascade hydropower stations) are planned and/or constructed in this system, which is considered as largest hydropower base. We aim to summarize appropriate measures to restore the riverine continuum in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River, where high-head cascade hydropower dams are located or planned.

We distributed a questionnaire to Chinese researchers in the related fields (scientists, hydropower operators and NGOs in China, n = 60). According to the responses, fishways, fish lift, fish lock, trap-and-truck system as well as fish hatcheries (artificial breeding) are recognized to ensure passing respectively preserving fish in the Jinsha River basin.

A longitudinal connectivity assessment of the study area revealed a severely disturbed continuity status. Based on the biological analyses of the demands of the target fish species and review of fish pass technologies, a vertical-slot fishway is proposed.

Considering the dam heights and the geographical conditions, it is recommended to combine the vertical-slot fishway with these alternatives to achieve a higher efficiency in passing fish as well as to recover the river continuity towards regional sustainable development.


Recurrent viral respiratory tract infections in the first six months of life are associated with developing type 1 diabetes, a study published in JAMA has shown.1 The German researchers said their findings suggested that the first half year of life is crucial for the development of the immune system and autoimmunity.

The researchers examined the medical records of 295 420 infants born from 2005 to 2007 in Bavaria, Germany. Of …


Abstract Polypeptides generated from proteolytic processing of protein precursors, or proteolytic proteoforms, play an important role in diverse biological functions and diseases. However, their often‐small size and intricate post‐translational biogenesis preclude the use of simple genetic tagging in their cellular studies. Herein, we develop a labeling strategy for this class of proteoforms, based on residue‐specific genetic code expansion labeling with a molecular beacon design. We demonstrate the utility of such a design by creating a molecular beacon reporter to detect amyloid‐β peptides, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, as they are produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) along the endocytic pathway of living cells.


"They are like oil and water!" That's how we describe two people who don't get along. Well, how do oil and water get along? What to do: Pour 2 tablespoons of oil and 2 tablespoons of colored water into the jar or soda bottle. Cover and shake it hard. Now put it down. What happens: Although the oil and water seem to mix when you shake the container, they separate when you put it down. The oil floats on top. Why: Many liquids dissolve in water to form a solution, but water and oil do not mix. The oil molecules have a greater attraction for each other than for the molecules of the water. Oil floats on top of the water because it weighs less. That's why it is so easy to remove the fat from chicken soup and from beef gravy. When these liquids stand for a while, and especially after they have cooled, the fats form a solid layer on top of the other liquids. YOU NEED


Accurate load forecasting (LF) plays an important role in the operation and decision-making process of the power grid. Although the stochastic and nonlinear behavior of loads is highly dependent on consumer energy requirements, that demands a high level of accuracy in LF. In spite of several research studies being performed in this field, accurate load forecasting remains an important consideration. In this article, the design of a hybrid short-term load forecasting model (STLF) is proposed. This work combines the features of an artificial neural network (ANN), ensemble forecasting, and a deep learning network. RBFNNs and CNNs are trained in two phases using the functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) optimization method with a deep learning structure. The predictions made from RBFNNs have been computed and produced as the forecast of each activated cluster. This framework is known as fuzzy-RBFNN. This proposed framework is outlined to anticipate one-week ahead load demand on an hourly basis, and its accuracy is determined using two case studies, i.e., Hellenic and Cretan power systems. Its results are validated while comparing with four benchmark models like multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), ML-SVM, and fuzzy-RBFNN in terms of accuracy. To demonstrate the performance of RBF-CNN, SVMs replace the RBF-CNN regressor, and this model is identified as an ML-SVM having 3 layers.


Copy photo of the T&P depot in Pecos City, Texas. The top right corner of the photo is torn, and there are six men lined up in front of the building. Written on the photo is "The old TP Depot of Pecos city 1892." Written below the image are "Pecos City Texas - T&P Station 1892" and "West of the Pecos Museum / Barney Hubbs."


In china,the system of Judicial Dissolution of a Company is established to solve the problem of Corporate Deadlock. However,it also should be used in the lawsuit involving Oppression or something else,theoretically. However,many courts usually apply to the Judicial Dissolution only to solve the Corporate Deadlock lawsuit. The Supreme Court also insisted this method of the application,alleged in its latest related paper. In this article,the author mainly explores the cause and theory of Judicial Dissolution lawsuit to strengthen the practical value.


A theoretical model of diffusion, evaporation, and rejuvenation of cesium on the surface of a controlled porosity dispenser photocathode is developed. The model applies a novel hexagonal meshgrid for increased numerical accuracy. For activation temperatures within the range of 400 K–1000 K, simulation found differences of less than 5% between the quantum efficiency (QE) maximum and minimum over ideal homogenous surfaces. Simulations suggest more variation for real cases to include real surface non uniformity. Changes in the QE map across the surface suggest that the emittance can change depending on temperature. Extensions to the model as well as connections to experiment are discussed.


On September 28, 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) proposed new reimbursement guidelines for implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) used for the prevention of sudden death from cardiac causes. The new guidelines dramatically increase the number of patients for whom prophylactic implantation of an ICD would be covered by Medicare. Among other things, the CMS dispensed with the controversial "QRS restriction" on patients like those who participated in the second Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial — so-called MADIT-II patients. In this trial, which was reported in the Journal in 2002, ICD therapy conferred a striking survival benefit as compared . . .


This paper evaluates the impact of Heading Home Hennepin's Housing First programs for long-term homeless individuals with work-limiting disabilities. These programs combine subsidized housing and extensive case management services to help program participants maintain stable housing. Using a matched comparison of housing-first participants and nonparticipants residing in public shelters, this study finds that housing-first placement is associated with a substantial decrease in public shelter use, an increase in public health insurance coverage, and a decrease in arrests and incarceration. Most of the decline in arrests is due to decreases in arrests for livability and drug-related charges and not for violent or property crime.


Natural disasters frequently occurred in the Wei,Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.Besides stressing agriculture and preventing disasters,the authorities took other measures such as exterminating pests and eliminating disasters,relieving,allocating grains,practising thrift,etc.,which played an active role in recovering social productivity,stimulating the production enthusiasm of the labourers and ensuring social stability and people's life.


Keratinocyte telomere shortening has been demonstrated in autologous skin grafts from burn patients. Telomere shortening leads to keratinocyte replicative senescence in vitro. Wound healing is clearly delayed in telomerase knockout mice with telomere dysfunction. Our goal was to test the effect of keratinocyte replicative senescence on differentiation and migration using a human skin equivalent model. 14 day old skin equivalents were wounded using an excimer laser, then cultured for another 14 days. Tissues were harvested at various time points after wounding. Paraffin sections were stained to determine morphology and protein expression. Results were compared to early‐passage keratinocyte controls. Skin equivalents with aged keratinocytes showed reduced stratification, proliferation, and laminin‐5 staining in the basement membrane. Stratification proteins were unchanged. Interestingly, keratinocyte migration was accelerated. Decreased basement membrane staining and accelerated keratinocyte migration might be explained by increased matrix metalloproteinase expression, which will be determined later. Our previous studies suggest these changes can be rescued by telomerase.


Aim: A review was done to assess the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative findings and the postoperative outcomes of orchiopexy at a tertiary pediatric center over a two year period. We compared our results with the international literature which has shown a success rate of 89% for an open, inguinal approach and 50% to 100% for a variety of minimally invasive approaches. Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all patients who had orchiopexy from January 2006 until December 2008. A successful orchiopexy was defined as the testis in a scrotal position and the absence of testicular atrophy. Results: A total of 143 patients with 169 orchiopexies were included. The median age at surgery was 11 months (range 2 weeks to 11.4 years). The median followup period was 8 months (range 2 to 26 months). Preoperative examination demonstrated a clinical hernia in 22 patients (15.4%). On initial examination 101 testes (59.7%) were palpable but under anesthetic an additional 13 testes became palpable (114 testes, 67.5%). At the time of exploration testes were found in the fo l lowing locat ions: 64 (37.9%) were intracanalicular, 56 (33.1%) in the superficial inguinal pouch, 29 (17.1%) intra-abdominal, 11 (6.5%) extracanalicular infrapubic and 3 (1.8%) were ectopic. Two (1.2%) were not found and the testicular position was not reported in 4 testes (2.4%). An atrophic testis (nubbin) was found in 20 patients (11.8%) and all were treated with an orchiectomy. In one clinically atrophic testis, viable germ cells were found. The overall success rate by procedure was 95.8% for an inguinal approach, 86.7% for laparoscopic one stage repair and 90% for laparoscopic staged Fowler-Stephens Orchiopexy. The post-operative complication rate was 4.2%. Conclusion: This review confirms that our outcomes were similar to that reported in the international literature. Introduction Undescended testis (UDT) is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the male genitalia. At birth, the incidence of cryptorchidism is around 4% to 5% (1). This figure falls to 1% to 2% at 12 months of age and remains fairly constant at 0.8% into adulthood (2) (3) ( 4). Approximately 20% of UDTs are impalpable and 10% are in an intra-abdominal position (5). It is generally accepted that an UDT increases the incidence of infertility, malignancy, torsion and trauma (5). Testes that remain undescended are associated with progressive loss of germ and Leydig cells. There is a 2% risk of sever germ cell loss and 1% risk of Leydig cell depletion for each month a testis remains undescended (6). The relative risk of testicular cancer in an undescended testis is between 2.75 to 8 that of a normal male. The risk appears higher in patients with bilateral UDT and late (after age of 12) or uncorrected UDT (7). According to historical series, it has been estimated that an UDT increases the risk of testicular torsion by 10 times (8). The mechanism of torsion in UDT is not well understood and the diagnosis can be challenging. The fundamental principle for the management of UDT is operative. The initial treatment of neonates with UDT is typically observation, since it has been estimated that more than 70% of spontaneous testicular descent occurs in the first 3 month of life (9). Early surgical treatment has a beneficial effect on germ cells function and subsequent 'catch-up' testicular growth (10). In 1995, Docimo reviewed his units success rates of several established open techniques of orchiopexy and compared this to the success rates in the literature over the last 70 years (11). Based on anatomical position, successful orchiopexy was performed for 74% of abdominal, 82% of peeping, 87% of canalicular testes and 92% for those located beyond the external ring. The success rates by procedure were 89% for an inguinal orchiopexy, 67% for a single stage Fowler-Stephens (FS) orchiopexy and 77% for a two stage FS orchiopexy. The inguinal approach was considered the gold standard technique for a palpable UDT with a mean operative time of 64 WebmedCentral > Audit Page 2 of 13 WMC004027 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 13-Feb-2013, 06:46:03 PM minutes (12). In 1989 Bianchi and Squire introduced the single incision trans-scrotal technique. Since then several studies had been published with a success rate ranging from 94% to 100% and a mean operative time of 21 minutes (14 to 35 minutes) (12) (13) (14) ( 15) (16). The applicability of this technique and its objective comparison with inguinal orchiopexy remains unclear. UDT was one of the early indications of diagnostic laparoscopy in 1970s. The first reported successful laparoscopic orchiopexy occurred in 1992 (17). Since then many series have been published about the success rate of different laparoscopic approaches and these range between 50% and 100% with an operative time ranging from 48 minutes to 135 minutes (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27). We have, hence, undertaken this descriptive study in order to review the results of orchiopexy at the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW), a tertiary pediatric center in Sydney, New South Wales, with the aims of: correlating the preoperative clinical findings to intraoperative findings and describing the outcomes of orchiopexy with respect to the testicular location and the choice of operative technique.


The Spratlys and Paracels disputes, being the major military-related security problem in the relations between China and some member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), can be seen as one of the major challenges posed by China's ascendance in the global arena in recent decades, in particular within the context of the changing China-ASEAN relations. Over the recent decades, China's highly remarkable economic expansion has made the country the central focus of the world. The emergence of China began with economic reform since the late 1970s, and over the recent decades China has gained substantial global influence in both the political and economic spheres. This has created a wide range of opportunities as well as risks especially for her immediate neighbours, the ASEAN member countries. In terms of opportunities, with a large and fast growing market, China has become the global buyer of goods and services from other countries, including the member countries of ASEAN. This is because of the need for raw materials to sustain the rapid growth of the country's economy especially in the manufacturing sector. The phenomenal rise of China as an economic power, as well as her heightened political and military clout that has been growing in tandem with this, inevitably brought forth, both regionally and globally, increasing concern over whether she is posing a threat to regional stability and prosperity, and if so, in what way. Despite also being viewed as a threat, China is more often regarded as an opportunity for her trade partners. In fact, as a general policy orientation, whatever her ultimate strategic concerns are, China has been untiringly reassuring her neighbours in this region that her growing influence in Asia and the world arena – her "peaceful rise" (heping jueqi 和平崛起) or even more carefully, "peaceful development" (heping fazhan 和平发展) – is a threat to no one but a benefit for all, and with the formalization in the 1990s of the framework of her foreign relations with the surrounding countries (zhoubian guanxi 周边关系) as "zhoubian shi shouyao, daguo shi guanjian, fazhanzhong guojia shi jichu, duobian shi wutai 周边是首要, 大国是关键, 发 展中国家是基础, 多边是舞台" ("relations with the surrounding countries are primary; those with the great powers are the key; those with the developing countries are the foundation; multilateral relations are arenas"), her overall


Ultraviolet spectra of the 1973 August 9 flare taken with the NRL S082B spectrograph aboard ATMSkylab have been analyzed to derive a seiempirical model of the flare chromosphere between 5500 and 10/sup 5/ K. The hydrogen radiative transfer is solved to obtain a self-consistent set of physical conditions within the flare atmosphere, from which lines profiles and continua of the ions C I, C II, C III, and C IV are synthesized and compared to the observations. The model exhibits a rapid rise in the temperature at a column mass of 3 x 10/sup -4/ g cm/sup -2/. There is some evidence for much of the C III line emission arising from flare kernels not exceeding 3'' in size, and the C IV line profiles indicate the possibility of nonequilibrium excitation.


Nowadays,our country's rural environment education has faced many problems.The farmer's quality is not high,the consciousness of environment protection is not strong,the investment for environment protection is lack,the rural environment protection publicity and the environment law is insufficient,the rural entironment austerity and so on.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen rural environment education and this is the needs to build a new socialist countryside,to promote farmer's environmental consciousness,to protect entironment and promote agricultural and rural development.It is also the needs to promote rural area resources conserving and environmental friendly society.From the view of building "two-oriented society" and optimizing rural environment education,the following countermeasures could be taken.To develop all kinds of forms of education,to develop different forms of education to different groups of people,to create new forms of publicity in environment protection,to make a good environmental protection atmosphere and to guide scientifically and to extend new rural technology and so on.


A method for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of soils from piezocone penetration tests is suggested in this paper. By invoking Darcy's law over the finite time required for an increment of cone penetration, it is argued that there will be some water movement through the soil around the cone, albeit very small if the soil is very fine grained. Based on this argument, and noting the comprehensive test data collected previously by Elsworth & Lee, a bi-linear relation between the dimensionless piezocone sounding metric BqQt and the dimensionless hydraulic conductivity index KD plotted on double logarithmic scales has been proposed for soils ranging from sands to clays. It is demonstrated that these revised relationships can be used to evaluate plausible values of hydraulic conductivity from piezocone sounding records taken at two different clay soil sites in Saga and Yokohama, Japan. The major significance of this work is in extending the range of application of the method first proposed by Elsworth & L...


Bachelor thesis deals with the prevention of dental caries in children. It focuses on the preschool period and Prevention carried out by teachers in kindergartens.The objectives of the thesis are focused on dental hygiene knowledge , information transfer form dental hygiene to children and creating an information sheet.The theoretical part consists anatomy , dental caries , dental hygiene, fluoridation, proper nutrition, regular check-ups with your dentist and educationalists.Since prevention is widespread in the research
part of the thesis deals with a knowledge of dental hygiene and education of children to dental hygiene performed by kindergarten teachers . The research is carried out questionnaires and educationalists.The results of the thesis show that knowledge of educators prevention of dental decay in children is unknown , but educators are unaware of their impact on prevention.


Energy management is nowadays a subject of great importance and complexity. It consists in choosing among a set of sources able to produce energy that will give energy to a set of loads by minimising losses and costs. The sources and loads are heterogeneous, distributed and the reaction of the system, the choice of sources, must be done in real-time to avoid power outage. The goal of this paper is to present a system able to self-regulate a heterogeneous set of power sources and loads organised as a coherent group of entities that is called micro-grid, in order to optimize several criteria such as: cost and efficiency. This system is based upon the Multi-Agent Systems paradigm. Each micro-grid entity is modelled as an autonomous agent able to interact and with it owns decision making mechanism. It takes into account the characteristics of the source or load types it belongs to and self-organizes with other agents in order to globally optimize the given criteria.


Objective: Now most ends of the stump can not support body weight and hang the limb prosthesis.The fuctions of the stump and the results of prosthesis fitting are not so perfect.This paper gives the method for solving the problems above.Method:The methods are remaking the stump and planting an artificial bone end.Conclusion:The ends of stump can support body weight and hang the limbprosthesis.The effect of fitting limb prosthesis will be improved.


Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is an important global health issue.1 2 The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) obligates countries to protect people from SHS exposure in public places such as workplaces and public transport, whereas protection measures from SHS in the home are not addressed explicitly.3 The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of domestic SHS exposure and sociodemographical risk factors associated with SHS among a population in central Vietnam.

A dataset from population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam, was analysed. The original survey was carried out from June to July 2006 for the purpose of collecting information on possible risk factors of childhood diseases. Data on 353 525 residents living in 75 828 …


Abstract A Reynolds stress–based model is used to derive algebraic expressions for the vertical diffusivities Kα(α = m, h, s) for momentum, heat, and salt. The diffusivities are expressed as Kα(Rρ, N, RiT, ϵ)in terms of the density ratio Rρ = αs∂S/∂z(αT∂T/∂z)−1, the Brunt–Vaisala frequency N2 = −gρ−10∂ρ/∂z, the Richardson number RiT = N2/Σ2 (Σ is the shear), and the dissipation rate of kinetic energy ϵ. The model is valid both in the mixed layer (ML) and below it. Here Rρ and N are computed everywhere using the large-scale fields from an ocean general circulation model while RiT is contributed by resolved and unresolved shear. In the ML, the wind-generated large-scale shear dominates and can be computed within an OGCM. Below the ML, the wind is no longer felt and small-scale shear dominates. In this region, the model provides a new relation RiT = cf(Rρ) with c ≈ 1 in lieu of Munk's suggestion RiT ≈ c. Thus, below the ML, the Kα become functions of Rρ, N, and ϵ. The dissipation ϵ representing the physical ...


The article reveals the specifics of the internal picture of health of patients with burn injury. Based on theoretical analysis, it was established that the internal picture of health in conditions of burn injury significantly changes a person's ideas about his/ her health. The internal picture of health of such patients is characterised by inadequate emotional reactions to the conditions of an intensive care unit, aggressiveness and hostility towards medical staff, violation of the "body schema", development of bodily dysfunction. In the behavioural component of the internal picture of health, active rejection of thoughts about the disease, denial of one's own physical defects and "escape into the illness" are distinguished.


Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-2019 pandemic has posed significant challenges and barrier devices such as aerosol/intubation box, intubation tent, and intubation screen have been widely used during endotracheal intubation by the clinicians without any definite proven benefit. The initial experience at our institute with the intubation box posed some difficulties leading to failed intubations. Hence, as an alternative, we switched to a transparent plastic intubation screen that is likely to provide better vision and space during intubation. We evaluated the impact of intubation box and plastic screen on intubations in this simulation-based crossover study. Materials and Methods: Ten anesthesiologists performed 90 intubations in an operating room on a Laerdal® adult airway management trainer. Each participant performed 9 intubations, 3 without any barrier and 3 each with intubation box and plastic screen. The primary outcome was intubation time; secondary outcomes included first-pass success and breaches to personal protective equipment. Results: Intubation time with no barrier was significantly shorter than with the intubation box (median interquartile range [IQR]: 25 [22–28] vs. 40 [30–51] s, P < 0.001) and with the screen (median [IQR] 29 [25–35] s, P = 0.015). The intubation time was significantly lesser with the screen compared to the box (P = 0.023). The first-pass success was 86.66%, 96.66%, and 100% in the box, screen, and no barrier groups, respectively. Conclusion: In comparison to an intubation box, the transparent plastic screen decreases intubation times and has greater operator comfort. These devices require further evaluation for patient safety.


Horror is not simply and unambiguously the unbearable Real masked by the fantasy screen ... The Horrible can also function as the screen itself, as the thing whose fascinating effect conceals something 'more horrible than horror itself, the primordial void or antagonism. The logic of the horror which functions as a screen masking the void can ... be illustrated by the uncanny power of the motif of a ship drifting along alone, without a captain or any living crew to steer it. This is the ultimate horror: not the proverbial ghost in the machine, but the machine in the ghost: there is no plotting agent behind it, the machine just runs by itself, as a blind contingent device. At the social level, this is what the notion of ... conspiracy conceals: the horror of society as a contingent mechanism blindly following its path, caught in the vicious cycle of its antagonisms. (Zizek, 1997, p. 40, original emphasis)


It's an irony of our time that checking into a hospital can kill you, thanks to several antibiotic-resistant superbugs that have found niches in health-care facilities. Now, to combat the menace of one particularly lethal strain of bacteria, doctors at four hospitals in the United States are trying out a speedy method to identify patients who have MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).


Contracts of adhesion are "agreements in which one party's participation consists in his mere 'adherence,' unwilling and often unknowing, to a document drafted unilaterally and insisted upon by what is usually a powerful enterprise." 1 These agreements are often standardized throughout an industry 2 in forms containing a myriad of finely printed conditions 3 unilaterally beneficial to the drafter.4 The form 50 lease-which, with its modification for apartment renting, the form 42, is the most widely used lease in the Philadelphia area-illustrates the theories appropriate to judicial analysis of a form adhesion contract.5 Since landlords are unwilling to modify a form whose terms strongly favor them, many tenants have no choice but to sign the lease or reject the entire transaction. If the form 50 lease were literally enforced, the tenant's position would be unfortunate. However, non-literal judicial constructions have weakened some of the form's harsher provisions. Although influenced by the lease's unconscionable elements, the Pennsylvania courts generally have achieved desirable results by couching their opinions in traditional contract language. In other contexts, however, courts have articulated the elements of adhesion actually underlying their decisions. 6 Reasoned interpretation of a multifarious form lease depends upon choosing legal principles appropriate to the clause under consideration. Recognition of adhesion elements may be dispositive of certain harsh clauses, whereas problems raised by other clauses are peculiar in the use of standardized forms. Most clauses typically found in adhesion contracts, however, are governed by principles equally applicable to bargained transactions.


Anemia often occurs with mixadema and is very often accompanied by a lack of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. In some cases, thyroidin is enough to eliminate anemia, in others anemia persists and only the number of erythrocytes returns to normal.


Recent evidence suggests that HIV-induced pathogenesis is exacerbated by opioid abuse and that the synergistic toxicity may result from direct actions of opioids in immature glia or glial precursors. To assess whether opioids and HIV proteins are directly toxic to glial-restricted precursors (GRPs), we isolated neural stem cells from the incipient spinal cord of embryonic day 10.5 ICR mice. GRPs were characterized immunocytochemically and by RTPCR. At 1 day in vitro (DIV), GRPs failed to express μ (MOR or MOP) or κ -opioid receptors (KOR or KOP); however, at 5 DIV, most GRPs expressed MOR and KOR. The effects of morphine (500 nM) and/or Tat (100 nM) on GRP viability were assessed in GRPs at 5 DIV by examining the apoptotic effector caspase-3 and cell viability (ethidium monoazide exclusion) at 96 h following continuous exposure. Tat or morphine alone or in combination caused significant increases in GRP cell death at 96 h, but not at 24 h, following exposure. Although morphine or Tat caused increases in caspase-3 activity at 4 h, this was not accompanied with increased cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactive or ethidium monoazide-positive dying cells at 24 h. The results indicate that prolonged morphine or Tat exposure is intrinsically toxic to isolated GRPs and/or their progeny in vitro. Moreover, MOR and KOR are widely expressed by Sox2 and/or Nkx2.2-positive GRPs in vitro and the pattern of receptor expression appears to be developmentally regulated. The temporal requirement for prolonged morphine and HIV-1 Tat exposure to evoke toxicity in glia may coincide with the attainment of a particular stage of maturation and/or the development of particular apoptotic effector pathways and may be unique to spinal cord GRPs. Should similar patterns occur in vivo then we predict that immature astroglia and oligodendroglia may be preferentially vulnerable to HIV-1 infection or chronic opiate exposure.


Ubiquitous (or smart) healthcare applications envision sensor rich computing and networking environments that can capture various types of contexts of patients (or inhabitants of the environment), such as their location, activities and vital signs. Such context information is useful in providing health related and wellness management services in an intelligent way so as to promote independent living. However, in reality, both sensed and interpreted contexts may often be ambiguous, leading to fatal decisions if not properly handled. Thus, a significant challenge facing the development of realistic and deployable context-aware services for healthcare applications is the ability to deal with ambiguous contexts to prevent hazardous situations. In this paper, we propose a quality assured ontology-driven context mediation framework, based on efficient context-aware data fusion using resource constrained sensor network. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach based on dynamic Bayesian network to derive context fragments and deal with context ambiguity in a probabilistic manner. It has the ability to represent contexts according to the applications' ontology and easily composable ontological rules to mediate ambiguous contexts. We have also implemented a demonstration of the use of our model using semantic web language. Through simulation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.


Cognitive radio is expected to be implemented in smart grids since it presents high reliability, high accuracy and low transmission time by utilizing licensed bands opportunistically. Shadowing environment affects the performance of channel availability detection of local spectrum sensing since it occurs occasionally. Therefore, the cooperative spectrum sensing is encouraged to be used for addressing shadowing issues. The principle cooperative spectrum sensing techniques suffer from unreliable local information from secondary users (SUs) who are encountered by the shadowing effect. Then, several alternative methods, adaptive majority rule and improved weight algorithm (IMA) is proposed by taking the SUs reliability into account. However, the unreliable SUs are still considered according to the algorithm. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-criteria thresholding (AMT) to determine the channel availability according to the SUs reliability. The main contribution of AMT is three-fold. First, the new reliable weight calculation is proposed by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) under three major criteria. Second, AMT is flexible to the number of SUs since it adapts the decision weight on the optimal number of SUs according to the reliable SUs. Third, the shadowing issue is addressed by taking only reliable SUs into account.


A sentiment lexicon is an important foundation for social network sentiment analysis. However, in social networks, the sentiments of words vary with their topics of use, which leads to a problem in the construction of a sentiment lexicon. We propose a method for constructing a topic-specific sentiment lexicon, which comprises three following models: first, we propose a filtering text model, namely, FT model, to calculate the text influence value and obtain topic-specific hot comments as a preprocessing data set; second, in our proposed constructing sentiment relationship graph model, namely, CRM model, three factors, i.e., the base sentiment similarity, topic sentiment similarity, and synonym sentiment similarity between each pair of sentiment words, are proposed and calculated in our data set, and then we can obtain the factor of final sentiment similarity by adding the three values in proportion; and finally, we propose a spectral clustering model, namely, SC model, to cluster the sentiment words on the basis of a sentiment relationship graph for obtaining the topic-specific sentiment lexicon, namely, STCS lexicon. Experiments show that our method is simple, flexible, and efficient. It can solve the problem of topic-related sentiment words and, thus, improve the accuracy of the sentiment lexicon.


Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LED) are ideal light sources to meet the next generation of NIR spectroscopy. However, NIR phosphors have numerous problems such as low quantum yields (QY) and low thermal stability. In this work, a series of Gd3YxInxGa5‐2xO12:Cr3+ NIR broadband phosphors with high internal quantum yields (IQYs) and high thermal stability are discovered by uniquely replacing GaO6 in Gd3Ga5O12 with Y3+ and In3+ in a co‐doped manner through cation modulation. Under 449 nm excitation, Gd3Y0.5In0.5Ga4O12 (GYIG):yCr3+ depicts emission from 650 to 1050 nm with a full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of 134 nm. The emission intensity reaches its optimum value at y = 6%, while the IQY reaches an impressive 81.8% and, at 375 K, the emission intensity remains at room temperature of 94.1%. Excitingly, the obtained phosphors are made into pc‐LEDs. At 0.28 W output power and 0.1 A output current, NIR pc‐LED has a NIR photoelectricity conversion efficiency of 15%; more promising is that when the output power is increased to 2.247 W, the pc‐LED photoelectric conversion efficiency can still maintain at 8.5%, which can be applied in different fields such as plant lighting, night vision, biological tissue penetration, and object detection.


Epigraphs to the works of O. F. Bergholz have not been studied specifically until now. The two-part epigraph to the poem "Your Way" (1945) was not approved for publication during the poet's lifetime and was first published in 1989. In the initial position of the epigraph is a biblical quote from Psalm 136, which begins with the words "If I forget you, Jerusalem..."; in the second — the line "Die and become!" from the poem "Blissful longing" by Goethe. The biblical quote was a precedent text and a core attitude for the poetess long before the poem "Your Way" was written. The besieged Leningrad was interpreted as the "Leningrad Jordan." The image of the besieged Jordan (later excluded by editors and/or censors) is the most important sign indicating the semantic connection of the biblical epigraph with the text of the poem. Bergholz built a single spiritual space and set the "Jerusalem" — "Leningrad Jordan" vector; familiarization with the "burning" waters of the river meant an assimilation of the bitter blockade experience. At the same time, Bergholz built a vertical context: the sacred waters of the Jordan symbolized the rebirth to a new life (baptism), the self-discovery of man. The image of the Leningrad font correlated with the epigraph from Goethe, in which the theme of initiation is explicitly stated. The author of the article suggests that epigraph "Die and become!" was intended by Bergholz for the poem "February Diary" (1942), but was excluded from the text by A. P. Grishkevich, head of the press sector of the Leningrad City Committee of the CPSU(b). Goethe's dictum has become the motto of the poetess since the time of the "Averbach case" repressions (1937). The double epigraph gave a semantic and philosophical perspective to the poem "Your Way." The editorial intrusion (the exclusion of epigraphs and lines about the "Leningrad Jordan") destroyed the connection of the title with the epigraph and the text, and impoverished the perception of the poem by contemporary readers. The two-part epigraph correlates with Bergholz's entire blockade narrative, emphasizing the themes of memory and initiation as the spiritual formation of a Leningrad blockade runner.


The polyphase rotary electrical machine has a current rectifier arrangement and voltage regulator comprising a current rectifying device (25) and an assembly (14) voltage regulator (61) - brush holder (60); the current rectifying device (25) comprising a housing (26, 27) having two circumferential ends defining a clearance (28, 29) for accommodating the assembly (14) and a terminal (70) Positive. Application: alternator or starter-alternator motor vehicle


About 100 years ago, groups of European beech were reintroduced into Norway spruce stands in some parts of Germany as a restoration approach. The aim of this approach was to maintain or rehabilitate the ecological function of soil fertility and the regeneration option of beech for the next generation. The effect of beech groups on surrounding spruce stands was studied in the Ore Mountains by recording natural regeneration of beech and humus layer thickness and form. Point pattern statistics were used to analyse the spread of beech regeneration and to determine factors influencing its establishment. It was found that the density of regeneration decreases with increasing distance from the beech group. However, beech regeneration was found up to distances of 69 m. Furthermore, it becomes evident that PAR radiation (maximum regeneration densities at PAR values of 35 W/m2) and fencing (3.41 times higher regeneration density compared to unfenced areas) against deer have a positive influence on beech regeneration density. Ordered categorical models were used to model humus form and non-linear models were used to model humus layer thickness. It could be proven that the most bioactive humus forms and lowest humus layer thicknesses were found within the beech group. With increasing distance to the beech group, the total humus layer thickness and the proportion of mormoder in the spruce stand increased. The positive influence of the beech group on the humus composition extends to about 40 m from the centre of the beech group. Due to the former arrangement of the beech groups in the terrain, the effects can also extend to the spruce stands in between. The hypotheses on the restoration approach of reintroducing groups of beech into spruce stands formulated by foresters 100 years ago can thus be confirmed. For future restoration approaches of spruce stands, groupwise mixtures of beech should be established with a distance of 40–50 m.


Grimmia limprichtii Kern was found 1993 in the French Hautes Alps. This rare alpine species, described in 1897 from the Italian Alps, was subsequently recorded from some French and Swiss localities. Because Loeske incorrectly considered it to be a muticous form of G. anodon Bruch et Schimp., the species was more or less forgotten. Its morphology, taxonomy, ecology, and distri- bution are briefly outlined. Grimmia obtusifolia Gao & Cao, recently describedfrom the Himalayas, is conspecific with G. limprichtii Kern. In the autumn of 1993, during a bryological in- ventory of the National Park of the Queyras (France, department of the Hautes-Alpes), the second author discovered a small acrocarpous moss with cucullate, oblong-ovate, imbricate leaves, growing in small quantity on limestone rock beneath the summit of the Croceras, above the hamlet Les Escoyeres (mu- nicipal of Arvieux), at an altitude of 1,950 m. Be- cause he could not identify the plants he consulted the French bryologist R. B. Pierrot (Dolus, d'Ol1- ron), who considered that the species might be either Grimmia limprichtii Kern, G. obtusifolia Gao et Cao, or a muticous form of G. plagiopoda Hedw. The material was subsequently sent to the first author, who found the plants to correspond with Grimmia limprichtii Kern, known from the Italian, Swiss and French alps, although not found in Europe for half a century.


A new non-contact technique for transduction of the kinetocardiogram has been investigated. The technique offers the prime advantage of complete isolation from the chest wall. Possible distortion due to source loading is eliminated. Other very desirable features are ease of utilization and the ability to produce consistent qualitative results. The technique is based on air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, operating slightly above audible frequencies.


The growth curve of Azotobacter NT06 was measured using two different ways which were spectrophotometric method and viable count.It demonstrated that the result of the two different methods were consistent basically before exponential phase.But in stationary phase and decline phase,the latter method ould reflect the growth situation of Azotobacter NT06 authentically.Meanwhile,it was found that there was a relation between OD600and the viable count of NT06 in exponential phase and determining their function relation.


Mohamed-Kalib et al. illustrate 2 important caveatsto penicillin skin testing (PST): (1) there is an excep-tionally rare potential for resensitization, a phenom-enon in which a previously reactive patient is proventolerant, then develops sensitivity and has a positivePST; (2) consider repeating PST prior to a parenteralb-lactam prescription in patients who previouslyreported severe anaphylactic reactions.Our negative predictive value of 100% does notabate the tentative concern for resensitization.


Abstract. It is considered that the presence of infection during the course of treatment for cancer of the cervix can have a bearing of the prognosis (3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 22). In a number of series the survival rate has been lower for such patients suffering from pelvic infection than it has for those without such infection. That agressive treatment of infection during the therapy can greatly improve the survival rate was observed by Heyman (9) and Kottmeier (14). Irrespective of the stage reached in the treatment of the cervical cancer, Kottmeier recommended immediate salpingo‐oophorectomy in patients with acute salpingitis (15). He reported that this measure improved the 5‐year survival rate for these patients from 14 to 66% (15). He also reported 5‐year survival rates of 21 and 56% for patients with and without infection, respectively (14).


The author telis us about the veneration of Virgin Mary in a town with mixed denominations (Roman Catholic, Ortodox). She presents in details the cult of the copy of the miraculous picture of Our Lady of Czestochowa (Poland) in the Franciscan church of Szabadka (today Subotica, Voyvodina, Yu). From the 18th centruy on the Catohilics in Bacska, Hungarians and Croatians visited more and more Marian shrine: Hajos, Mariagyűd, Doroszlo, the holy well of Szabadka. The writer introduces the role of the so called Marian girls in the liturgy and in the everyday religious life.


This paper provides estimation and inference methods for the best linear predictor (approximation) of a structural function, such as conditional average structural and treatment effects, and structural derivatives, based on modern machine learning (ML) tools. We represent this structural function as a conditional expectation of an unbiased signal that depends on a nuisance parameter, which we estimate by modern machine learning techniques. We first adjust the signal to make it insensitive (Neyman-orthogonal) with respect to the first-stage regularization bias. We then project the signal onto a set of basis functions, growing with sample size, which gives us the best linear predictor of the structural function. We derive a complete set of results for estimation and simultaneous inference on all parameters of the best linear predictor, conducting inference by Gaussian bootstrap. When the structural function is smooth and the basis is sufficiently rich, our estimation and inference result automatically targets this function. When basis functions are group indicators, the best linear predictor reduces to group average treatment/structural effect, and our inference automatically targets these parameters. We demonstrate our method by estimating uniform confidence bands for the average price elasticity of gasoline demand conditional on income.


Two new organic–inorganic hybrid compounds have been synthesized from the same starting materials. Their crystal structures exhibits alternating inorganic and organic stacking sheets or layers in (II), with Cl− ions and water molecules occupying the space in between.


The Present study was initiated for controlling the American foulbrood (AFB) disease of honey bee colonies in six selected apiaries at El-Beheira and two apiaries at Kafr ElSheikh Governorates. The performed control techniques were run along May 2016, upon inspected honey bee colonies of Carniolan hybrid, which were choosed to study and evaluate the efficiency of different used materials for the management of the American foulbrood (AFB) disease. These tested materials implied the antibiotics: Tylosin, Terramycin and Sulfa dimidin sodium 20%. The following natural materials: Cinnamon oil, Propolis, Ginger, Aloe vera and Aprogin (Aloe vera+ Ginger+ Propolis) part / part. The obtained results elucidated that all of the tested materials were effective against AFB disease. Under the laboratory conditions Tylosin gave higher efficient effect expressed by inhibition zone with 2.77 cm diameter, versus Propolis which was the lowest efficient material (0.13 cm diameter). The other tested materials of Cinnamon oil, Aloe vera, Terramycin, Sulfa dimidin sodium 20%, and Ginger gave varied efficiency represented by more or less inhibition zone diameters of 2.067, 1.933, 1.83, 0.77 and 0.16 cm respectively. In the treated apiaries Tylosin gave higher reduction 94.1%, while Ginger gave the lowest efficacy with 40.6% reduction.


The Tenner Challenge, run by our partner Young Enterprise Scotland (YES), has been formally recognised by the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) as a way of generating evidence for a number of SQA units.


Millimeter wave (mm Wave) communications is one of the technologies for 5G cellular systems. In the mm Wave communication, there is a lot of path loss can be reduced by Precoding. The channel state information (CSI) should be known at the transmitting station, in the design of precoding matrices and to get good accuracy in estimating sparse channels a Compressive sensing (CS) based recovery algorithms was used. Not only for good accuracy the algorithm is also used for mm Wave channel estimation for exploiting the mm Wave channel's sparse in multi-path construction. Hence, in this paper, for mm Wave outdoor channel estimation, the CS recovery methods orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) are used. The singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding is developed using the estimated channel. By (MSE) mean square error and spectral efficiency which were the performance metrics in channel estimation and precoding were done by using MATLAB simulations to get the efficacy of the OMP and CoSaMP algorithm.


Abstract A combined investigation of Herod. Mim. 8 (Ἐνύπνιον) with Callim. Ia. 1, 13, and Ep. 8, reveals that they all relate to a certain poetic contest that took place in Alexandria under the auspices of Ptolemy I, in one of the last years of his reign. The contest, must have been co-ordinated by the Mouseion and its director at the time, Zenodotus. The two poets took part in the contest, together with a host of other poets. Callim. Ia. 1 gives a figurative account of the contest's course of action. Herodas, awaiting the results, writes Mim. 8, where he expresses his hopes for a prize, though he suspects foul play on behalf of the poets employed at the Mouseion by the king who was supposed to decide the prize. Callim. Ep. 8 is a sarcastic reply to Herodas' fears, while Ia. 13 narrates the harsh criticism Callimachus received from Zenodotus and his proud reaction in response, obviously after his contribution was rejected.


The behavior of a chelating resin RCSP, macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer-based methylenephosphonic acid resins, in the adsorption and desorption of molybdenum(VI) was studied. The resin exhibits the maximum uptake of molybdenum(VI) as high as 3 mmol/g around pH 1, and no uptake in the pH region higher than 7. Thus, molybdenum(VI) adsorbed on RCSP from acidic solutions was quantitatively eluted with aqueous sodium hydroxide as well as with aqueous sodium acetate, indicating the promising use of the resin in the separation of molybdenum(VI) from other metal ions.


A new species of Tetraselmis, T. indica Arora & Anil, was isolated from nanoplankton collected from salt pans in Goa (India) and is described based on morphological, ultrastructural, 18S rRNA gene sequence and genome size data. The species is characterized by a distinct eyespot, rectangular nucleus, a large number of Golgi bodies, two types of flagellar pit hairs and a characteristic type of cell division. In nature, the species was found in a wide range of temperatures (48°C down to 28°C) and salinities, from hypersaline (up to 350 psu) down to marine (c. 35 psu) conditions. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequence data showed that T. indica is most closely related to unidentified Tetraselmis strains from a salt lake in North America.


We address the problem of estimating the surface profile of the ground from an airborne platform with a forward looking MIMO radar. In particular we are interested in developing a landing aid for helicopters in degraded visibility. In this paper we present an algorithm for fitting a plane surface to the data obtained from a coherent co-located MIMO radar. This algorithm is based on the common tangent algorithm (COTA) [1]. We propose an algorithm to solve the common tangent problem not only for multiple receivers but also for multiple transmitters. We show that the algorithm converges to the local minimum and does so at an approximately quadratic rate. We conclude with numerical simulations, to demonstrate the properties of the multiple-transmitter common tangent algorithm.


The internal flow field and loss distributions are quite complicated in the high-pressure compressor with shroud and backside cavity applied in the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. It's necessary to develop physical understandings on the internal flow and losses inside the impeller, shroud cavity and backside cavity by the physical synergy relationship between some key quantities, which is innovatively applied to the internal flow of a high-pressure compressor used in CAES. First, the author successfully built a high-pressure centrifugal compressor test rig for CAES, and carried out the high pressure performance experiment for the first time. The aerodynamic performance of the high-pressure centrifugal compressor is compared by experiment and calculation. Then, the main flow characteristics and loss generation inside the impeller has been studied by analyzing the synergy between velocity and temperature gradient, and some other important quantities. And, the leakage flow characteristics inside the shroud cavity and backside cavity has been discussed by analyzing the synergy between velocity and pressure gradient, and some other key quantities. It is found that the regions where the high energy losses and entropy generation locate correspond to the relatively high synergy angle. At last, the interaction between leakage flow and main flow has been researched through clarifying the loss of temperature and radial velocity. It is found that there exit two boundary lines for leakage flow injecting into main flow.


Chemometric methods were used to analyze large data sets of groundwater quality from 18 wells supplying the central drinking water system of Larissa city (Greece) during the period 2001 to 2007 (8.064 observations) to determine temporal and spatial variations in groundwater quality and to identify pollution sources. Cluster analysis grouped each year into three temporal periods (January–April (first), May–August (second) and September–December (third). Furthermore, spatial cluster analysis was conducted for each period and for all samples, and grouped the 28 monitoring Units HJI (HJI = represent the observations of the monitoring site H, the J‐year and the period I) into three groups (A, B and C). Discriminant Analysis used only 16 from the 24 parameters to correctly assign 97.3% of the cases. In addition, Factor Analysis identified 7, 9 and 8 latent factors for groups A, B and C, respectively.


ISTRIBUTORS of machinery, equipment, and supplies were the target for some of the criticism directed, during World War II, at "superfluous middlemen in the channel of distribution, increasing the cost of marketing." The War Production Board delayed distributor priorities for several months following Pearl Harbor, supposedly influenced by the thinking then current in Washington that the old methods of distribution


A survey of research reports in transportation modelling in two parts. Part one is devided in reports concerning economic development and car mobility, analyzing large transportation data files and transportation planning and spatial development. Part two consists of reserach reports concerning optimization of public transport networks and road networks, time dependend assignment in road networks, sub-divided in models and hard and software and road traffic informatics and telematics.


ABSTRACT Systems safety methods can be used to better understand the threats and vulnerabilities in complex technological systems. They provide comprehensive, well-reasoned, and easily communicated analyses of the vulnerabilities of security systems. This article provides a primer on the use of the two most adaptable and useful among the many systems safety methods: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis. They provide two different perspectives that examine vulnerabilities of security systems. Both methods can use qualitative as well as quantitative information and can integrate both physical and social (rules, procedures, and software) artifacts. Examples of both methods are provided using a generic example of an access control system. Suggestions for using goals to define system boundaries and components are provided.


This paper describes two new species of the genus Tetranychus from China. Typespecimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica. Tetranychus dunhuangensis, sp. nov. (figs. 1--12) Female Length 471μ, including rostrum 529μ, width 278μ. Yellowish-green incolour. Palpus with terminal sensellum two times as long as wide; dorsal sensellumrod-like, shorter than the terminal one. Integument with longitudinal striae betweenthe third pair of dorsocentrals and also between the inner sacrals, forming a diamond-shaped pattern between these setae. Empodium Ⅰ-Ⅳ with mediodorsal spur, that ofempodium Ⅰ more obvious. Male Length 279μ, including rostrum 366μ, width 147μ. Terminal sensellumtwo and a half times as long as wide; dorsal sensellum shorter than terminal one.Shaft of aedeagus wider and bent dorsad. Terminal knob minute, forming an angle withthe axis of shaft, the anterior projection short and blunt, the posterior projectionrather long and blunt distally. Holotype , allotype , paratypes 26 8, 19. Ⅶ. 1976, all taken on cotton.Dunhuang, Gansu Province. A series of paratypes including 1 on pear, 3 on sun-flower, 9 on Calystegia hederacea, 13 2 on sorghum, 12 2 on bean, on 17--20, Ⅶ. 1976, from same locality. Tetranychus dunhuangensis is distinct from all other known members of this genusin the shape of the aedeagus. Tetranychus agropyronus, sp. nov. (figs. 13--21) Female Length 437μ, including rostrum 497μ, width 248μ. Yellowish-green incolour. Palpus with terminal sensellum twice as long as wide, dorsal sensellum equal tothe terminal one in length. Integumentary striae transverse or irregular between thirdpair of dorsocentrals, but irreqular between inner sacrals and transverse in the areabetween these setae. Male Length 284μ, including rostram 359μ, width 155μ. Palpus with terminalsensellum two and a half times as long as wide, dorsal sensellum about equal to theterminal one in length. Aedeagus bent dorsad, the terminal knob forming an angle withthe axis of shaft, the anterior projection blunt, the posterior projection acute, and withan angle distal to 1/3--1/4 of the dorsal margin of the knob. Holotype and paratypes 14 1, 30. Ⅶ. 1976, Yinchuan, Ningxia, on Agropyroncristatum. Allotype and a series of paratypes 20 5, on Agropyron cristatum;4 1 1 nymph on wheat, 8 3 1 nymph on mulberry, taken on 17--20. Ⅶ. 1976,Dunhuang, Gausu Province. Tetranychus agropyronus is similar to Tetranychus sinhai Baker in colour of body,shape of aedeagus and pattern of hysterosomal striae, but differs from the latter in theneck of aedeagus being longer and with an angle distal to 1/3--1/4 of the dorsal marginof terminal knob and in the setation of legs in both sexes.


The terrestrial planetary mesosphere is the transition region between thick lower atmosphere and thin upper atmosphere. The change of momentum between the surface and the mesosphere which occurs through breaking gravity waves perturbs wind and temperatures in the mesosphere, and potentially affects on atmospheric escape. Therefore, mesosphere provides us important information to understand atmospheric coupling between lower and upper atmosphere. However, there are still unsolved problems in the terrestrial planetary mesosphere due to the lack of observations. On Mars, the unexpected large amount of heavy ions (CO2, O2) was observed in the upper atmosphere [Carlsson et al., 2006]. The mechanism to propagate such heavy ions from lower atmosphere to upper atmosphere is necessary. On Venus, the characteristics of the transition region between retrograde zonal superrotation in the cloud layer and subsolar-to-antisolar flow in the upper atmosphere are not yet solved. Previous studies pointed out that the atmospheric waves have an important role on the transportation of momentum, energy and materials. The detailed measurement of atmospheric waves is required. Ultra-high resolution heterodyne spectroscopy of CO 2 at mid-IR wavelengths is one of the powerful tools to study wind and temperatures in the terrestrial atmospheres. Kinetic temperature can be calculated from the width of the observed lines and the doppler shift due to the wind is estimated from the difference between the measured line frequency and the CO 2 rest frequency. In contrast to existing sub-mm observations, IR heterodyne spectroscopy offers a much higher spatial resolution allowing detailed study of temperature variations with latitude and local time. The IR heterodyne spectroscopy can achieve the spectral resolution ∼ 10 and high spatial resolution of 3.5 arcsec with 60cm telescope at 10 μm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods to derive wind and temperature and its error estimation on Venus. Observations were carried out using Tuneable Heterodyne Infrared Spectrometer (THIS). The data was obtained in the east limb 33S on Venus in 4th June 2009 at the McMathPierce Solar Telescope of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak in Arizona. Integration time is about 20 minutes. Because the exact altitude of the emitting region is predicted by the model to be ∼ 110km with a half width of 10km, we can directly derived the wind and temperature in its altitudinal region. Our results indicated that the accuracies of derived wind and temperature were ±11m/s and±12K respectively. These errors were defined from χ≤1 of Gaussian fitting of the emission line. The estimated errors are sufficient to discuss disturbance of temperature on Mars and Venus (Mars:5-35K, Venus:5-40K [Deming and Mumma ,1983]) . The estimated error of the wind basically agreed with the expected values from the spectral resolution ( ±10m/s). The obtained mesospheric temperature 184 ± 2K shows a good agreement with the in-situ measurement by Pioneer Venus([Clancy et al.,2008]). We developed the new IR heterodyne instrument for the dedicated telescope at the top of Mt. Haleakala, Hawaii. Using the methodology shown here, we plan to perform the continuous monitoring of wind and temperature in the Venus/Mars mesosphere.


Zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs) are a data structure representing Boolean functions, and one of the most successful variants of binary decision diagrams (BDDs). On the other hand, BDDs are also called branching programs in computational complexity theory, and have been studied as a computation model. In this paper, we consider ZDDs from the viewpoint of computational complexity theory. Our main proposal of this paper is that we regard the basic idea of ZDDs as a new computation, which we call zero-suppressed computation. We consider the zero-suppressed version of two classical computation models, decision trees and branching programs, and show some results. Although this paper is mainly written from the viewpoint of computational complexity theory, the concept of zero-suppressed computation can be widely applied to various areas.


1. Numbers: Rational and Irrational by Ivan Niven 2. What is Calculus About? by W. W. Sawyer 3. An Introduction to Inequalities by E. F. Beckenbach and R. Bellman 4. Geometric Inequalities by N. D. Kazarinoff 5. The Contest Problem Book I Annual High School Mathematics Examinations 1950–1960. Compiled and with solutions by Charles T. Salkind 6. The Lore of Large Numbers by P. J. Davis 7. Uses of Infinity by Leo Zippin 8. Geometric Transformations I by I. M. Yaglom, translated by A. Shields 9. Continued Fractions by Carl D. Olds 10. Replaced by NML-34 11. Hungarian Problem Books I and II, Based on the Eötvös Competitions 12. }


A theory of return migration shou Id be logically derivable as a subset of a more general theory of migration. Unfortunately, the field of migration studies has not generated a generally acceptable theory although there have been various typologies such as that of Petersen (1958). Empirical studies of migration have addressed themselves to major issues, namely the scale and direction of migration flows; the objective characteristics of migrants defined in terms of demographic, economic, social and cultural variables; the motivation for migration and the modes of adaptation and integration of migrants into the receiving society. Studies of return migration have generally been concerned with similar issues, paralleling the above questions. It is unlikely that anyone general theory could encompass all specific empirical foci. However, there are at least three broad philosophic-sociological perspectives that have influenced thinking about migration. They are the functionalist approach; the Marxist or conflict perspective; and the general systems framework, the last endeavouring to incorporate some of the insights derived from both the functionalist and Marxist viewpoints (Pryor, 1981).


Objective: The present study deals with the phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Digitalis purpurea.
Methods: The phytochemicals from the leaf extract of D. purpurea were extracted qualitatively in methanol and confirmed by performing various chemical tests. The free radical scavenging activity of leaves extract was performed using DPPH method with solvents of different polarity, namely, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The IC50 (50 % inhibition of DPPH) value of free radical scavenging activity of leaf extract was calculated from the graph for each solvent.
Results: The leaves extract showed presence of various biologically important phytochemicals such as cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinone, carbohydrates, steroids, phenolic compounds, and aminoacids. The IC50 value of DPPH free radical scavenging activity in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extract of leaves was found 0.982±0.009 mg/mL, 0.538±0.006 mg/mL and 0.480±0.01 mg/mL respectively.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that D. purpurea is medicinally important plant and it can be well exploited for making a diverse range of pharmaceutical drugs. The present investigations also give an insight to scientists and researchers to come up with innovative ideas for effective eradication of different diseases.


Piezoelectric transducer is a key component of acoustic well-logging tool. Transducers used in acoustic well-logging tools usually have limited bandwidth, and their dominant frequencies severely drift with drastic change of borehole temperature when tools are working downhole. An appropriate impedance matching is necessary to broaden the operating bandwidth of the transducer and improve the power output stability of the acoustic emission. In this study, an electrical impedance matching (EIM) method for piezoelectric transducer is proposed based on Butterworth response and network theory. The method can broaden the bandwidth of narrowband transducers while ensuring stable transducer power gain (TPG). A band-pass filtering circuit and its low-pass prototype are constructed on the basis of the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric transducer and the external impedance matching circuit. According to the filtering characteristics of the filter circuit and a target TPG function, we derive the analytical formulas for calculating power transmission characteristics and electronic component values of arbitrary order matching network. Using different computer aided design (CAD) software, we simulated the matching network of a specific transducer obtained by the theoretical calculations. Then, we built an experimental system to verify the performance of the matching network. Theoretical calculation, simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the impedance matching network obtained by the proposed method can effectively broaden the operating bandwidth of narrowband transducers and provide stable output power.


Abstract Experimental and clinical evidence about posthypnotic amnesia are reviewed. Rather than postulate any single mechanism which might account for the phenomenon, two interpretations are contrasted which seem sharply opposed. First, posthypnotic amnesia may be seen as essentially like any other hypnotically suggested experience. It can be considered as an explicitly or implicitly administered posthypnotic suggestion. On the other hand amnesia can be viewed as a form of dissociation. One possible mechanism of such dissociation may be a basic difference of the structure of thought processes involved in hypnosis compared to those of normal waking experience. In this sense amnesia should occur independently of suggestion and be different in kind from most other hypnotic phenomena. The former mechanism may occur more frequently in experimental situations and the latter in clinical contexts.


Because predation by drilling gastropods is uniquely preservable in the fossil record, it represents important evidence for the study of coevolution. Previous studies of drilling gastropod predation have been largely descriptive and sometimes contradictory. We formulate and test a model of prey selection by naticid drilling gastropods. The model adequately predicts both prey species selection and prey size selection. Prey preferences parallel prey profitabilities, determined by calculating prey species-specific and predator size-specific cost-benefit functions. The model also specifically suggests the evolution of potential refugia from predation and the evolution of potential predatory attributes. Application of the model to several Miocene and Pliocene assemblages studied by Thomas (1976) corroborates the feasibility and utility of this approach in examining the evolutionary record of naticid predation, which extends from the Late Mesozoic. Apparent evolutionary stasis and convergent morphological trends among prey species may be consistent with continuous selection pressures against predation.


The distillation (or boiling) curve of a complex fluid is a critically important indicator of the bulk behavior or response of the fluid. For this reason, the distillation curve, usually presented graphically as the boiling temperature against the volume fraction distilled, is often cited as a primary design and testing criterion for liquid fuels, lubricants, and other important industrial fluids. While the distillation curve gives a direct measure of fluid volatility fraction by fraction, the information the curve contains can be taken much further; there are numerous engineering and application-specific parameters that can be correlated to the distillation curve. When applied to liquid motor fuels, for example, one can estimate engine starting ability, drivability, fuel system icing and vapor lock, the fuel injector schedule, and fuel autoignition, etc. It can be used in environmental applications as a guide for blending virgin stock with reclaimed oil, guiding the formulation of product that will be su...


Within the wave energy field, numerical simulation has recently acquired a worldwide consent as being a useful tool, besides physical model testing. The main goal of this work is the validation of a numerical model by experimental results. The numerical model is based on a linear wave-body interaction theory, applied for a point absorber wave energy converter. The results show that the ratio floater size/wave amplitude is a key parameter for the validity of the applied theory.


Aging begins the day we are born -- and continues progressing until the end of our lives. Aging is an inseparable part of life. Our lifestyle choices are a major contributor to the manner and speed at which we each age. Thus, it is no surprise that methods or therapies that produce "anti-aging" or "age-reversal" outcomes are a topic of universal interest. For the men and women who practice the science and art of cosmetic surgery, anti-aging is a perennial "hot topic," as well.


The subject of this chapter, unlike Jacobians and Hessians, increases without halt in popularity, the number of relevant writings coming up for report in the new period being a half more than in the period immediately preceding, where the rate of increase had been still higher. A notable feature, too, is the exceptional attention given to Pfaffians, and along with it the growing tendency to view them as entities apart from determinants. Of less importance perhaps but interesting is the first appearance (in 1894) of determinants that are "block" skew.


Understanding and anticipating the evolution of activity on social media requires insight into social network dynamics and diffusion mechanisms. M3I (Multi-stage, Multimodal, Machine Intelligence) is a platform for modeling online social phenomena that may develop in one or more stages over a period of time with coordinated use of diverse media types


The inductive mechanism of three-phase and two-phase electromagnetic mutual induction sensor is discussed deeply,reveals the essence of the measurement with the two sensors,develops a novel sensor of two-phase inequality pole electromagnetic mutual induction for angle measurement,and compares the three kinds of sensors.


AIM To study the direct effect of tyrphostin AG1112 on recombinant human protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme and its kinetics. METHODS Recombinant human protein kinase CK2 α and βsubunits were cloned and expressed by gene engineering, and purified to homogeneous. The two subunits were mixed at the same molar ratio and reconstituted CK2 holoenzyme, which displayed the maximum biological activity. The CK2 activity was assayed by detecting incorporation of 32 P of [γ 32 P]ATP or [γ 32 P]GTP into the substrate in the various conditions. RESULTS The recombinant human CK2 was a second messenger(Ca 2+ , cAMP and cGMP) independent protein kinase, the characterization and function of the reconstituted holoenzyme were consistent with those of native CK2. AG1112 strongly inhibited the holoenzyme activity of recombinant human protein kinase CK2 with an IC 50 of 6 0 μmol·L -1 , which was more effective than DRB and A3, known CK2 special inhibitors. Kinetic studies of AG1112 on recombinant human CK2 showed that the inhibition was mixed(competitive is dominant) with GTP and noncompetitive with casein. CONCLUSION The recombinant human protein kinase CK2 may be used as a molecular target for simpler screening and development of more effective inhibitors of CK2 since AG1112 showed effective in this recombinant CK2 model.


A study to assess the yield and spawner biomass-per-recruit of Lethrinops gossei (Morechal 1991) (locally known as Chisawasawa) in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi was conducted using length data collected from December, 2006 to January, 2007 by Malawi Fisheries Research Institute, Mangochi, Malawi. Length and age-based growth, mortality and sexual maturity parameters for L. gossei were estimated and used in per-recruit models. The yield-per-recruit and spawner biomass-per-recruit models were run using per-recruit Tony Excel work sheet. Results suggest that L. gossei species is over-exploited with spawner biomass-per-recruit at 49 % of pristine levels. It is recommended that the current fishing level (0.48 year) be reduced by 6 % to attain F0.1 target reference point level which should subsequently reduce the exploitation rate by 18 % to attain the recommended optimum exploitation rate of any fishery of 0.5. This will lead to sustainable exploitation of L. gossei in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi.


Pumpkin pulp is the main waste generated by pumpkin seed growers. This agro-industrial waste is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, and lutein), which exhibit a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects. In this study, vegetable oils (canola, corn, and soybean oil) were used as green solvent alternatives to conventional organic solvents for carotenoid extraction from dried pumpkin pulp (DPP) waste. The highest carotenoid extraction yield (CEY) was obtained with canola oil, at a 1:10 DPP/oil ratio. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process parameters (temperature, time, and stirring rate) through a Box-Behnken design (BBD) maximizing CEY in canola oil. The extraction temperature and stirring rate were found to have a significant linear and quadratic effect, respectively, on CEY. Optimum conditions were achieved at 21.8 min, 250 rpm, and 60°C. Under these optimized conditions, the estimated value for CEY was 378.1 µg β-carotene equivalents/g of DPP, corresponding to 61.6% of the total carotenoid content present in the DPP. In contrast, the observed experimental value was 373.2 µg β-carotene equivalents/g of DPP (61.2%). The experimental value was very close to the estimated value, which verifies the model's adequacy and fit. This study shows an alternative method to extract carotenoids from DPP with canola oil, obtaining an oil naturally enriched with carotenoids that could be used as a potential functional ingredient in the development of food, cosmetics, and medicinal products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pumpkin by-products are a potential carotenoid source. Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative solvent for carotenoid extraction from pumpkin residues to obtain an enriched carotenoid oil that can be used to formulate food products.