A population study of 409 seven‐year‐old children in a middle‐sized Swedish town was performed. All children were examined by the same doctor and evaluated by means of parent interview, motor examinations, and teacher reports on behaviour in the classroom. Follow‐up was carried out 8 months later. The rate of severe problems in the fields of attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and deficits in attention, motor control, and perception (DAMP) (the combination of ADHD and DCD) was 6.1%, with boys being affected more frequently than girls. There was considerable overlap between ADHD and DCD, with about half of each diagnostic group also meeting criteria for the other diagnosis. Attention deficits at diagnosis strongly predicted attention deficits at follow‐up. If parents had noted attention deficits in the home setting, then teachers almost always independently agreed that there were similar problems in the classroom. However, the reverse did not always apply. Clumsiness also showed striking stability over time. The diagnosis of DAMP, particularly severe DAMP, had a stronger association with classroom dysfunction and with high Conners scores than did diagnoses of ADHD or DCD. It is concluded that DAMP may be a clinically valid diagnostic construct.


The invention relates to a three-roller multi-wire cutting machine used for cutting a wafer. The three-roller multi-wire cutting machine comprises two cutting rollers and one auxiliary cutting roller, wherein the two cutting rollers are arranged in a cutting chamber in parallel; the auxiliary cutting roller is arranged at or above the symmetric center of the two cutting rollers; each included angle alpha, which is formed between each of the two cutting lines at two sides of the auxiliary cutting roller and a plane in which the axis of the two cutting rollers are located, is 0-30 degrees; two operating platforms and two feeding systems are arranged; the operating platforms and the feeding systems are symmetrically arranged; and the straight guide rails of the two feeding systems are respectively vertical to the cutting lines at the two sides of the auxiliary cutting roller. The three-roller multi-wire cutting machine can be used for cutting two polycrystalline silicon rods at the same time. Besides, the cutting quality is stable, the machine volume is small, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, and the cutting production cost is lowered.


Abstract: This essay is intended for teachers. It is not seen as simply setting out the history of the genocide in Rwanda; that has been done elsewhere. Instead, this article addresses four conceptual fields associated with the genocide, and asks two questions of them: how do these issues become important in understanding the genocide, and how does understanding the genocide illuminate these themes? The themes explored include ethnicity, outside influences, gender issues, and ecological issues. None of these issues are unique to Rwanda; therefore, there is a danger in "distancing" genocide to some remote, "exotic" locale: it has occurred in North America, Europe, and Asia, as well as Africa. Because it results from the conjunction of influences and actions widely present in the world today, genocide needs to be addressed direcdy, and understood, not neglected. This article is intended as a step in this process.


This paper examines some of the leading theories around the generation question. Using data gathered from the Survey Documentation and Analysis-Frequencies/Cross Tabulation Program, this paper analyzes generational responses to three issues: job security, traditional class division, and the American dream. The purpose of this research is to arrive at which theory of generation more accurately explains generational behavior.


To find the predictors of High Dose Methotrexate toxicities in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. This study included 198 Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients (303 infusions) who were treated with High Dose Methotrexate. Methotrexate levels at different time point were measured by modified enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique assay. The correlation between Methotrexate levels and toxicity was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. When the Methotrexate level at 42 h was lower than 0.76 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting thorough clearance at 66 h was 90.78%. When the Methotrexate level at 42 h was higher than1.5 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting delayed clearance was 82.17%. When the Methotrexate level at 66 h was higher than 0.5 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting Methotrexate toxicity was 89.09%. When the Methotrexate level at 66 h was lower than 0.1 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting Methotrexate nontoxicity was 92.73%. The Methotrexate level at 42 h could be predictor for delayed clearance. The Methotrexate level at 66 h could be predictor for toxicity.


The comparative study of water characteristics reaction on salt, alkali and mixed salt stress in two divergent Leymus chinensis types:grey green type and yellow green type was made. At the stage of seedling, water content of plant and water potential of leaves were determined in potting expeniments of the two divergent types with stress of salt, alkali and mixed salt. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the difference of water content of plant, water potential of leaves were significant or extremely significant in the two divergent types. With increase of concentration of salt, alkali and mixed salt the curve of water content went up firstly, and then fell down. The highest value was bigger than that in CK. The experiments also indicated that there were salt alkali resistance in both divergent types. The grey green type showed more salt alkali tolerant than the yellow green type. The highest value of water content of plants in Na 2CO 3 soil was smaller than that in mixed salt or NaCl soil. It was suggested that the two divergent types of Leymus chinensis were more Na 2CO 3 tolerant then mixed salt or NaCl tolerant. The auther suggested that the grey green type and yellow green type were different ecotypes according to the significant differentiation of water characteristics and salt alkali resistance in the two divergent types.


The objective of this research was developing the indicators of sufficiency economy philosophy. The research populations were 3,318 Rachineeburana school students, second semester of academic year 2015 and samples were 616 students selected by simple sampling method. A research tool was a set of questionnaire on sufficiency economy philosophy. Statistical analysis was confirmatory factor analysis. The result of this research found that; the indicators of a sufficiency economy philosophy comprising 3 main indicators and 11 single indicators was consistent with empirical data with 35.086 for chi-square test at 31 degree of freedom, 0.280 for p-value, 0.025 for standardized root mean square residual, 0.015 for root mean square error of approximation, 0.990 for goodness of fit Index, and 0.979 for adjusted goodness of fit Index. The most important weight indicator was future orientation following by self-regulation and social interaction.


HOSPITALS and GPS at 24 sites across England are to start offering patients on-the-spot appointments under a £25 million scheme to cut cancellations and attendance failures.


Residual Effect of Mount Agung Volcanic Ash and Compost on Soil and Peanut Plants (Arachis hypogaea L.).  Research on the application of Mount Agung volcanic ash and compost has been carried out with cowpea as an indicator plant, but volcanic ash has not shown any effect. The volcanic ash of Mount Agung is in the form of material that has not been weathered, so to accelerate weathering it is necessary to add organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the residual effect of giving volcanic ash and compost on soil and peanut plant. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The volcanic ash factor consists of 3 levels, namely A0 = no volcanic ash, A1 = 10% volcanic ash and A2 = 30% volcanic ash. The compost factor consists of 3 levels, namely K0 = without compost, K1 = 10 tons of compost ha-1, and K2 = 20 tons of compost ha-1.  Parameters of soil properties observed were : total porosity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and C-organic matter content. Observation of peanut plants included : plant height, number of pods, weight of oven-dried pods, weight of oven-dried seeds and weight of oven-dried peanut stem. The results of research showed that there was no interaction between the treatment of volcanic ash residue and compost residue on the soil and peanut plants, while the single treatment of compost residue had a significant effect on peanut plants. The treatment of volcanic ash residue has not shown a significant effect, both on the soil and on peanut plants.


Cancer is one of the most notable causes of death worldwide, especially breast cancer is considered the most common in people of both sexes. Early detection of the tumor has become a challenge for researchers in the field.


Cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates many biological processes but its role in tissue remodeling is not well understood. Actions of cAMP occur via protein kinase A (PKA) and by Exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac). We hypothesized that Epac and PKA play distinct roles in cAMP‐mediated effects on cardiac fibroblasts (CF), which regulate repair and remodeling in the heart. We found that the Epac activator, Me‐cAMP, stimulated, while the PKA activator, Phe‐cAMP, inhibited CF migration, as assessed by a Boyden chamber method. siRNA‐mediated disruption of Epac1 blocked agonist‐induced migration of CF while a PKA inhibitor enhanced migration. Activation of either Epac or PKA inhibited collagen I and III mRNA expression. Pro‐fibrogenic agonists (TGFβ1, angiotensin II and endothelin) decreased Epac1 mRNA expression and Epac‐induced migration. Overexpression of Epac1 inhibited TGFβ1‐induced collagen synthesis and Epac1 protein expression decreased at the border zone of rats with myocardial infarction. In summary, 1) Epac promotes while PKA inhibits migration of CF; 2) Epac1 expression is decreased by pro‐fibrotic agonists and by myocardial infarction and 3) Increased expression of Epac1 decreases collagen synthesis. Thus, Epac1 appears to integrate pro‐and anti‐fibrotic signals in the heart.


Taquari-Vassouras is an underground potash mine exploiting silvinite ore at a depth of approximately 500 metres. The mining method used is room-and-pillars. Of main concern to the mine operation is the presence of an aquifer zone 50 to 100 metres above the potash zone. The danger of water inflow through fractures could result in safety hazards and large remediation costs for the company Vale do Rio Doce. Fractures may result from the collapse of the salt sequence.


16Recognition of Acts of Foreign Governments — Extra-territorial Effect of — Nationalization Decrees — Territorial Limitation of Commercial Debts — Whether Payable to Nationalized Enterprise — Lex situs of Debt.


Isothermal and nonisothermal pyrolysis experiments have been conducted on Asphalt Ridge tar sand. Oil produced from the isothermal experiments has a molecular weight of approximately 250 and has a hydrogen to carbon ratio between 1.7 and 1.9. Product oil composition varies slightly with reaction time. Results of thin layer chromatographic separation of the residual bitumen show that the concentrations of saturates and aromatics in this bitumen decrease rapidly with increasing reaction time, while the concentrations of aromatics and polars in this bitumen increase. Polars and polynuclear aromatics are the dominant species in this bitumen. Nonisothermal data have been analyzed using a distributed activation energy technique. These tests show a distinct bimodal weight loss curve. The low temperature weight loss peak has a maximum about 275/sup 0/C (527/sup 0/F) and a first order apparent activation energy below 10 kcal/mol. The high temperature peak has a maximum above 400/sup 0/C (752/sup 0/F) and an apparent activation energy of about 60 kcal/mol. 12 refs., 11 figs., 8 tabs.


History of the Case—1.3.27.—A man, J. C, aged 50 years, was admitted to the Middlesex Hospital under the care of Mr Somerville Hastings. He complained of difficulty in swallowing for four months, which had gradually increased until at the time of admission he could swallow fluids only. Food appeared to him to stick behind the upper part of the sternum. He stated that he had lost over a stone in weight. 2.3.27.—CEsophagoscopy was performed under local anaesthesia and a fungating growth was seen at a level 11 ins. from the incisor teeth. Owing to haemorrhage no details could be made out. The stricture was dilated. 11.3.27.—CEsophagoscopy was again carried out under local anaesthesia and the growth was seen to be projecting into the lumen of the oesophagus and to be pedunculated and fixed to the posterior wall. The projecting portion, i j in. by f in., was removed and found to be attached, by a base 1 in. by \ in., situated below the centre of the growth. Microscopic sections were cut from different parts of the growth and were reported on from the Bland Sutton Institute of Pathology as follows:—"Tumour consists of masses of round and spindle shaped cells and fully formed fibroblasts with an irregular whorled arrangement. The amount of connective tissue varies and the blood vessels are thin walled or consist merely of spaces between the cells. There are numerous areas of haemorrhage into the tumour. The cells and their nuclei show considerable variation in size and numerous mitotic figures are seen. Scattered throughout the section are numbers of multinucleated giant cells with slightly basophil protoplasm and darkly stained nuclei, the nuclei being arranged in the centre of the cell and numbering from 5 to 20 in different cells. The tumour presents the appearance of a giant-celled sarcoma " (Figs. 1 and 2).


The connection problem for orthogonal polynomials is, given a polynomial expressed in the basis of one set of orthogonal polynomials, computing the coefficients with respect to a different set of orthogonal polynomials. Expansions in terms of orthogonal polynomials are very common in many applications. While the connection problem may be solved by directly computing the change–of–basis matrix, this approach is computationally expensive. A recent approach to solving the connection problem involves the use of the spectral connection matrix, which is a matrix whose eigenvector matrix is the desired change–of–basis matrix. In Bella and Reis (2014), it is shown that for the connection problem between any two different classical real orthogonal polynomials of the Hermite, Laguerre, and Gegenbauer families, the related spectral connection matrix has quasiseparable structure. This result is limited to the case where both the source and target families are one of the Hermite, Laguerre, or Gegenbauer families, which are each defined by at most a single parameter. In particular, this excludes the large and common class of Jacobi polynomials, defined by two parameters, both as a source and as a target family. In this paper, we continue the study of the spectral connection matrix for connections between real orthogonal polynomial families. In particular, for the connection problem between any two families of the Hermite, Laguerre, or Jacobi type (including Chebyshev, Legendre, and Gegenbauer), we prove that the spectral connection matrix has quasiseparable structure. In addition, our results also show the quasiseparable structure of the spectral connection matrix from the Bessel polynomials, which are orthogonal on the unit circle, to any of the Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi types. Additionally, the generators of the spectral connection matrix are provided explicitly for each of these cases, allowing a fast algorithm to be implemented following that in Bella and Reis (2014).


The invention relates to a method and a device for sending a taxi business request and belongs to the technical field of internet. The method comprises the following steps: receiving voice data, and converting the voice data into text data; when the text data contain prestored taxi business keywords, starting a local built-in taxi application program used for acquiring taxi business and acquiring departure point information; sending a taxi business request carrying the departure point information to a network taxi business server by virtue of the taxi application program. The method and the device can be used for improving the taxi business request sending efficiency.


Abstract Case studies of the author's involvement in political activities are presented. These are drawn upon to discuss issues raised by Foucault, Gramsci and others about the social roles of intellectuals. The professoriate is conceived to experience a contradiction, partly couched in terms of academic freedom as a "liberating right" versus an "immobilizing chain." The author urges the professoriate to become activist in order to avoid their assimilation and conquest as intellectuals by and in the interest of elites.


Rail transit system has an advantage of energy conservation,of environmental protection.And it is suitable for long distance inner city trip.This is why the construction of the system has got a great importance in the big cities of China.In order to learn from experience of the foreign country and to do a better job of the construction of the rail transit system,the rail transit system of Ile-de-France will be,firstly,introduced.And then,some propositions on the planning of mass transit system in Chinese cities will be given from the aspects of network size,network structure,vehicle selection and operation.


Homoscedasticity is an important assumption for the analysis of variance of data from a two-way table. A preliminary test for equality of row (column) variances is often in order. Moreover, the row (column) variance may be a parameter characterizing physical or biological properties of the treatment associated with a row (column), e.g., in the analysis of measurement errors or in the analysis of phenotypic stability. In this case, a test for homoscedasticity is central to the statistical analysis. Unfortunately, parametric procedures available for this problem are quite sensitive to the underlying assumption of normality. This paper examines two rank tests given by Nassar and Hiihn (1987, Biometrics 43, 45-53) and Hiihn and Nassar (1989, Biometrics 45, 977-1000), which are applicable for detecting homoscedasticity in a two-way classification. These tests are approximately valid for normally distributed errors, but they may be anticonservative for nonnormal distributions. A modification is suggested that leads to a distribution-free test for homoscedasticity in a two-way layout. Simulations indicate that under normality the modified test has low power compared to parametric tests.


In recent years, plane type and ground type laser scanners have become to be widely used for constructing three-dimensional terrain data. However, when occlusion is occurred and lasers are not fully returned, lost of data happens and measurement noises contaminate terrain data. Terrain data are commonly represented with DEM (Digital Elevation Model) or TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) . We propose, in this letter, an interpolation method for filling in lost DEM data. Through the experiments using sample data of lost DEM, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our interpolation method.


_________________________________________________ Cl Introduction _______________________________________________________ __ 1 Distribution, thickness, and stratigraphic relations __________________________ 2 Lithologic character ____________________________________ _________________ 3 Lower part _____________________________________________________________ 3 Upper part(the Togiak tuya) ______ -_________-____-____--__---_^-----_ 3 Geologic setting and origin ________________________________________________ 7 Age and correlation ________________________________________________________ 8 References cited_____ ________________________________________________________ 10


As longevity after spinal cord injury (SCI) has increased, attention has shifted from treatment of active conditions to prevention of secondary disability and enhancement of quality of life. Satisfactory sexual functioning is an important contributor to quality of life. Little attention, however, has been paid to the impact of aging on sexual function after SCI. This article describes the effects of aging on sexual functioning in able-bodied persons and how these effects may influence sexual functioning in men with SCI. Physiological decreases in hormonal concentrations, muscle mass, and bone strength can have a marked effect on individuals who already have deficits in these areas as a result of SCI. Many of the treatments of sexual dysfunction in SCI are relatively new, such as intracorporeal injections and oral sildenafil, and the safety and efficacy of long-term use are not clear. Medical conditions common in the elderly, such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and depression, can hav...


Regional configuration can reveal important aspects about city sustainability, as local-regional interactions shape the evolution and inner geography of urban settlements. However, modelling these large-scale structures remains a challenge, due to their sheer size as physical objects. Despite recent improvements in processing power and computing methods, extensive time periods are still required for ordinary microprocessors to model network centralities in road-graphs with high element counts, connectivity and topological depth. Generalization is often the chosen option to mitigate time-constraints of regional network complexity. Nevertheless, this can impact visual representation and model precision, especially when multiscale comparisons are desired. Tests using Normalized Angular Choice (NACH), a Space Syntax mathematical derivative of Betweenness Centrality, found recursive visual similitudes in centrality spatial distribution when modelling distinct scaled map sections of the same large regional network structure. Therefore, a sort of homothetic behavior is identified, since statistical analyses demonstrate that centrality values and distributions remain rather consistent throughout scales, even when considering edge effects. This paper summarizes these results and considers homotheties as an alternative to extensive network generalization. Hence, data maps can be constructed sooner and more accurately as "pieces of a puzzle", since each individual lesser scale graph possesses a faster processing time.


A theory of radiation pressure and its effects on the gross motion of an aggregrate of charges is established within a canonical framework. The theory indicates the existence of radiation-pressure effects arising from an additional interaction-the Rontgen interaction-whose origin is the classical Rontgen current. A careful development of the formalism reveals the importance of distinguishing between the canonical and mechanical momenta of the gross motion of the aggregate and of incorporating the Rontgen-type interaction terms when calculating the gross-motion dynamics


backgrounD Several studies in the past have observed an association between dietary sodium (Na) intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality.1-4 Interestingly, an increased risk of CVD is noted with both low and high Na intake states depicting a U‐shaped profile. However, whether these observed associations are different between those with hypertension or without hypertension are not known.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the optimal insertion angle between the skin and the needle in ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization with trauma patients. Methods: From March 2012 to December 2012, consecutive trauma patients who were planned to receive IJV catheterization were prospectively enrolled. We measured the distances from the skin to IJV`s anterior-posterior (AP) vessel wall on the longitudinal scan`s midline in supine-positioned patients. We calculated the AP diameter of IJV and the angle between skin and the imaginary line from the puncture site to the IJV`s internal center on screen`s midline (defined as optimal angle which is considered as the safest approach) on the longitudinal scan. We divided the patients into 3 groups based on the CVP (low CVP 10 cmH2O) and compared their mean anterior posterior (AP) diameters and optimal angles. Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled. Of these 21 were women(35.4%). The mean AP diameter of low CVP group was significantly lower than middle and high CVP groups(0.68±0.30, 1.06±0.31, and 1.23±0.49 cm respectively, p=0.003 vs. 0.002). There was no significant difference among 3 groups` mean optimal angles (28.1±6.1, 30.1±4.5, and 28.0±5.0 degree respectively). Conclusion: The optimal angle between the skin and the needle in ultrasound-guided IJV catheterization with trauma patients is not changed as about 30 degrees regardless of CVP even though IJV`s diameter is altered in proportion to the CVP.


s: To observe the clinical effect of clearing brain and nourishing marrow method on vascular dementia(VD). Sixty cases with vascular dementia,diagnosed by CT or MRI,were randomly divided into two groups. Treatment group was given clearing brain and nourishing marrow acupuncture methods;control group was given Yinxingye、Naofuxin oral liquids. Intellect Score was measured by dementia measuring scale modified by Nagatanikawa. There was no significant difference of each score between two groups(P0.05)before and after treatment. Each score was enhanced after treatment,and had significant difference comparing with that before treatment(P0.001). Score difference after treatment between two groups was significant(P0.01).[Conclusion] Clearing brain and nourishing marrow method has obvious clinical effect on vascular dementia.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 wks plyometric exercise on sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity and ankle isokinetic muscular functions in college women. Twenty-three untrained college women were divided into control(n=12; age 22.24 ± 1.34 years) and experimental groups(n=11; age 22.12 ± 1.13 years). The plyometric exercise groups followed a 1 hour per day, twice-weekly, 12-wks plyo-metric exercise program, while the control groups were allowed to live their normal life. Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity was obtained from the Medial plantar nerve by using Medelec Synergy. Also, mo-tor nerve conduction velocity was obtained from the fibula nerve by using Cantate. Using an Biodex, during isokinetic ankle dorsi flexion and plantar flexion angular velocities of 30° and 120° were obtained. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; 2×2 repeated measured ANOVA mixed design was carried out. The results of the present study were as follows; First, The velocity of motor nerve conduction was significantly increased in plyometric exercise group after 12 wks whereas control group maintained at end point. Second, The isokinetic muscular functions was significantly increased in plyometric exercise group after 12 wks whereas control maintained at end point. Third, ratio of PF/DF was significantly decreased in plyo-metric exercise group after 12 wks whereas control maintained at end point. It would be concluded that 12 wks plyometric exercise elicited many positive changes in the college women such as improvement of motor nerve conduction velocity and isokinetic muscular functions. and It was concluded that an plyometric exercise necessary for college women develop muscular function through Enhancement of motor nerve conduction velocity.


This work is an effort to develop robust and cost effective monitoring tools for electric power networks. Current and voltage transformers currently used in grid monitoring are limited in their capabilities, especially lacking in the frequency bandwidth needed to observe slow-moving phenomena as well as fast (kHz range) events related to faults and switching of power electronics equipment. The paper presents a novel voltage and current measurement sensor that can be easily deployed at a desired location in the live power transmission and distribution grids. The sensor does not require galvanic contact with the energized conductor. The sensor operation as well as experimental results are presented and discussed.


Multi-agent systems (MASs) play an important role in information technology. They are used in many applications. To develop these systems requires the developer to deal with several issues and to implement many of the system components, such as protocols and agents' functionalities. Due to their significant role, agent toolkits are becoming more of a necessity to help build, re-use, and deploy agents. Although there are several agent-building toolkits that can help developers to effectively develop MAS and allow them to focus more on the application to specific domains, it is difficult for developers to select the appropriate toolkit. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate MAS toolkits based on the criteria of their availability, environment, development, characteristic properties and performance.


In the preceding paper [1], we studied in detail the grounds of the distributive charts in the spaces spanned by cycles and developed a simple synthesis procedure. However the procedure can not be applied to the synthesis of semimodular charts. One of the difficulties with semimodular charts was that we failed to find a theorem which corresponds to Lemma 2.8 in [1]. The present paper undertakes the synthesis procedure for the semimodular state charts. Although a synthesis procedure for semimodular charts was first given in [2], it is indirect and impractical. Thus the purpose of this paper is to give a direct and clear one for semimodular charts. To help the explanation about the sequence of steps of the procedures, simple state charts are synthesized with figurative expressions for some intermediate steps.


This dissertation explores the relationship between ionic conductivity, viscosity, and thermal properties of several MePEG and MePPG based copolymer electrolytes. In particular two main copolymer modifications have been investigated namely copolymerization with "bulky groups" and cross polymerization of MePEG and MePPG monomers. The modifications were made to vary the fractional free volume of the MePEG polymers. All of the copolymers obeyed the Doolittle equation. For both the bulky copolymers and MePEG/MePPG copolymers, increases in the FFV corresponded to increases in the viscosity and decreases in FFV correspond to decreases in viscosity. The FFV and H conductivity for these copolymers were not correlated per the Forsythe equation. When the Vf,ether was substituted for FFV in the forsythe equation, a strong correlation was observed indicating that the mechanism of proton conduction is dependent on the amount of ether units in the material. The viscosity and ionic conductivity for each individual copolymer electrolyte were correlated following the Walden rule. The α values for all of the copolymer electrolytes were between 0.3 and 0.6 indicating that forces besides viscosity impede the ionic conductivity. These forces can include polymer rigidity, dissociation constant and the blocking of H channels. Most of the copolymer electrolytes had similar α values which indicates that the same forces are affecting all of the copolymer electrolytes. The Cp showed a correlation to the activation energy for viscosity only for the MePPG3/MePPG2 copolymers. There was no correlation observed for all of the other copolymer


To excite spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs), phase gradient metasurface (PGM) has been developed as an efficient scheme of couplers. While under circular polarization (CP) incidence, hybrid (TM and TE) modes SSPPs are inevitably excited. Most SSPPs applications are working with single mode, which limits the energy utilization for CP incidence. In order to solve the problem, a novel scheme of PGM was designed to convert the CP incident waves into single TM or TE mode SSPPs. The coupler is constructed with two parts: the PGM part is composed of I-shaped structure, provided with the function of SSPPs excitation and polarization conversions, the mushroom part plays the role to guide out the excited SSPPs with good wave vector matching. Appropriate reflection coefficients of the unit cells were found to make up phase gradient of the PGM at 10 GHz, then TM or TE mode SSPPs can be excited under RCP or LCP incident waves, respectively. Also, we will show that hybrid (TM and TE) modes SSPPs can be excited under linear polarization (LP) incidence, which is different from previous couplers and may find use in some special applications. The theoretic design is corresponding to both simulations and experiments results. It may open up a new way for polarization control of SSPPs, and broaden the utilization of CP waves and LP waves in SSPP devices.


The widths of radiative decays of vector mesons, the axial constants of ..beta.. transitions, and the magnetic momenta of baryons are calculated in the bag model. The calculations are performed with allowance for one-gluon corrections in the hadron wave functions.


Objective: Estimate the proportion of nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs in patients with resistant hypertension despite a maximal treatment Design and method: The study was prospective and observational. We screened all consecutive patients managed in our tertiary center for resistant hypertension between January 2014 and September 2017. Were included only those who already done an ambulatory blood pressure measure to eliminate a white coat effect and an exhaustive etiological work up to exclude a secondary cause. Hypertension was considered resistant if the ambulatory measure was over or equal to 135/85 mmHg during the awakening period or to 130/80 mmHg during the 24 hours, despite 4 antihypertensive medications combining a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, amlodipine, a thiazide (or indapamide) and spironolactone, at optimal doses. Treatment compliance was assessed by the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Results: 386 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 57.4 ± 11.3 years, and 48.3% of men. The mean office blood pressure was 178 ± 20.4 / 101 ± 15.5 mmHg and the 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure was 164 ± 17.6 / 97 ± 15.2 mmHg. The proportions of fully adherence, partially nonadherence and completely nonadherence were 27.9%, 47.6% and 24.5% respectively. Fully adherent, partially nonadherent and completely nonadherent patients differed significantly in terms of proportions of women (25%, 48% and 72%), number of daily drugs, reflecting comorbidities (5.9; 6.1 and 9.8 respectively) and education level (the proportions of patients who do not achieve a secondary school were 10.1%, 28.3% and 53.2% respectively). Conclusions: More than two out of three patients with resistant hypertension optimally treated and without white coat effect were partially or completely nonadherent to treatment in our study. Assessment of the adherence to antihypertensive treatment in these high cardiovascular risk patients should be systematic and possibly by more objective methods.


In the brains under pathological conditions, astrocytes become reactive astrocytes that exhibit various context-dependent functions through the regulation of specific signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms in response to environmental changes. Reactive astrocytes induced in injured brains begin proliferating and play a role in promoting protection and repair of damaged tissues, but the relationship between the proliferative characteristics and tissue-protective and repair functions of reactive astrocytes remains unclear. Here, we show that growth factor signaling elicited by bFGF and HB-EGF, whose expression is up-regulated in the injured brains, acts synergistically with inflammatory cytokine signaling in astrocytes, thereby markedly up-regulating gene expression of the Ror-family protein Ror2, a receptor for Wnt5a. Activation of Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in astrocytes results in intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated p62, thereby activating antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2. Finally, we provide evidence demonstrating that forced activation of Wnt5a-Ror2-p62-Nrf2 signaling axis in astrocytes reduces cellular damage caused by hemin, a degradation product of hemoglobin, and promotes repair of the damaged blood brain barrier after brain hemorrhage.


Early development of counseling and psychotherapy is influenced by psychodynamic, respectively influences cognitive / behavioristik, and humanistic perspectives into the paradigm system of guidance and counseling. Paradigm shift aimed at the effectiveness of guidance and counseling not provide justification that the earlier theories are not well. Another important thing that must be understood by the counselor are all theories of counseling and psychotherapy have contributed in accordance with the concept and view of man with the attributes of the Problem. Shift towards preventive-seen significant growth for the period in which the learners should be given an equal opportunity to thrive.


ObjectiveTo summarize the coat gene of the tiger skin Cats bred by North China Pharmaceutical Corporation(NCPC). MethodsAccording to observe the coat of Tiger Skin Cats TS/N blocked colony bred by NCPC over 30 years (over 10 generation),to prove the coat Gene. ResultsThe coat color genotype of The Tiger Skin Cats TS/N Bred by NCPC is "aa,BB,CC,DD,,HH,LL,oo,RR ,ss,tb tb,ww" 。ConclusionThe 11 coat Gene locus of Tiger Skin Cats TS/N blocked colony bred by NCPC (These locus are A,B,C,D,H,L,O,R,S,T,W)are homogenous.


Abstract:Through the window, the day probably looks less distant than it is, Sebastian decided. Or he himself wasn't ready to interact with it. One step into a new day changes the course of time, he read once on a sign at the mall. For today hee chose a T-shirt with blue and gray geometric shapes and loose underpants. He stared into the emptiness of Brighton Street, without having the apocalyptic sentiment that a personless street is an empty street, or any other train of thought. The sunlight strode in and out of the breaks in shade.


Abstract Introduction Paint chips and smears represent the most common types of trace evidence resulting from vehicle-related incidents [1,2]. Analysis of these traces would ideally lead to the identification of the paint producer and ultimately of the vehicle in question [2]. Despite the chemical complexity of automotive paints, several reports showed this identification to be possible through the use Py-GC/MS, SEM-EDX, WDXRF, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy [1,3–5]. However, these studies were focussed on the analysis of each of the individual layers that compose the painting, making the analysis more complex, time consuming and dependent on highly specialised equipment. In the present work, we evaluated the discriminative potential of ATR-FTIR for the identification of paint producers, based on the analysis of the paint as a whole. Materials and methods Fragments of 6 different car paints obtained from the hood and lateral panels were milled and analysed through ATR-FTIR, both individually and as mixtures between pairs of paint Figure 1. Spectra were obtained between 450 and 4000 cm−1, with a resolution of 4 cm−1 and 16 accumulations. Figure 1. ATR-FTIR spectra of the isolated paints (top and bottom spectra), and of the mixtures at different ratios (middle spectra), where A) corresponds to a blue Volvo (A) and a red Renault (B); (B) to a blue Citröen (A) and a grey Skoda (B); (C) to a black Peugeot (A) and a grey Seat (B). Results The obtained results show the paint spectra to have considerable differences both in the number and intensity of IR bands. Furthermore, the mixtures' spectra clearly show bands of both individual paints that are proportional, in intensity, to the ratio of each individual paint. Discussion and conclusions: These preliminary results show considerable differences between the FTIR spectra of the individual paints that propagate throughout the paint mixtures. This suggests that there are features in the ATR-FTIR spectra of automotive paints, as a whole that might be suitable predictors for the development of highly accurate predictive models.


This study focuses on precise statistics of the incomplete scale ground scene information,around the application of attribute connection by spatial position,uses the MapGIS、AutoCAD、CASS、MapGIS Land Use Database Management System to analyse it.Discusses the basic theory,implementation steps of attribute connection by spatial position,and puts up with the countermeasures for the quality control and check of the spatial data.At while,use the traditional method and the method of attribute connection by spatial position differently to statistic the same surveyed object,and compare the statistical result by the two methods.The result approves that the method of attribute connection by spatial position has obvious advantage to improve the precision and speed of the spatial data statistics.


The study aimed at identifying the gap between the perceptions of parents in Al-Ahsa Governorate in KSA, and their expectations for the level of service quality provided by the kindergartens in which their children had been enrolled. Arandom sample of parents was selected, and it included (147) individuals. The study used SERVQUAL scale to measure the service quality developed by ) Parasuraman et al,1988), after it had been translated and developed to meet the requirements of the service quality in kindergartens. After its development, the scale included (30)sub-items measuring (5 ) dimensions of service quality in kindergartens . The results of the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of ( 0.05 ) attributed to each of the two variables of the kindergartens' category (public – private) , and the variable of gender (male-female)from the perspective of parents in all dimensions of the service quality provided . The results of the study also showed that there was an impact attributed to the difference of the educational qualification of the parents of children, and this difference was statistically significant at the level ( 0.01 ) in the first dimension of tangibles in favor of post-graduate studies, and at the level ( 0.05 ) in the second dimension of reliability in favor of post studies, and in the questionnaire as a whole in favor of the bachelor. There was no impact attributed to the difference in the educational qualifications of the parents of the children in the dimensions of response, safety and empathy. significant


The relationship between leaf number and storage-root cambial activity in Beta vulgaris was examined in sugarbeet and chard. Leaf and cambium initiation followed quite different time courses, and no linkage between the two processes was evident in either cultivar. Cambial numbers were similar in both cultivars in spite of smaller leaf numbers for chard. Reciprocal grafting failed to alter leaf appearance rate, cambial initiation, and intercambial thickening. These results demonstrate that a simple relationship between leaf and cambium number, as would be suggested by Stammer's congruency hypothesis, does not exist in this species.


The main objective of present study is to investigate the implications of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on foreign direct investment and economic growth in Malaysia. We used the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration for long run relationship between the variables. Although researches with regards to foreign direct investment and economic growth have been conducted extensively in the Malaysian economic context, the role of IPR protection however has yet to be discussed in detail. These findings highlight that IPR plays a significant role in attracting FDI in the past and indirectly explains the growth process.


A comparison is made of the effect of small changes in v-groove geometry, for several riblet films applicable for drag reduction to commercial transport aircraft, whose nominal v-groove dimension is of the order of 0.002 inch. The films were tested in a water towing-tank facility. The results obtained indicate that small riblet peak geometry variations can result in a deterioration of riblet drag-reduction efficacy of as much as 40 percent, while interriblet valley curvature was found not to be critical to riblet performance.


We propose SURF-LSTM, a low complexity deep architecture to learn image absolute pose (position and orientation) in indoor environments using SURF descriptors and recurrent neural networks. Given the strongest SURF features descriptors of an input image, we use 2 layers of bidirectional long short term memory (LSTM) to model the sequential relation between them to learn the 6 degrees of freedom absolute pose in an arbitrary reference frame. In addition to achieving competitive performance compared to existing image localization methods, our system can be trained in less than 10 minutes instead of hours by the state of the art. It requires as small as 0.0128 MB to save the image frame rather than 0.08 MB compared to other methods that use the cropped images and the weights file needs 1.5 MB of storage compared to 100 MB of other methods which leads to significant time and space efficiency.


The spherical silica particles were prepared by sol-gel method with TEOS as precursor, ethanol as solvent in the presence of ammonia. The effects of reaction temperature and the amount of ammonia and TEOS on the size and morphology of silica particles were investigated. The hydrolysis temperature , alkali and TEOS content does not affect the morphology of silica, the silica particles were spherical; With the increase of hydrolysis temperature, particle size of silica showed first increased and then decreased, when the hydrolysis temperature is 30 °C, the silica particle size up to 0.6 μm, when the hydrolysis temperature is 60 °C, the silica particle size is 0.15 μm; With the increase of the content of alkali, silica particle size showed first increased and then decreased, when the alkali content is 20 ml, the silica particle size up to 0.6 μm and when the alkali content is 10 ml, the silica particle size is 0.2 μm; With the increase of TEOS dosage, the amount of spherical silica increased and the particle size of silica spherical particles first increased and then decreased.


Abstract Aiming at the different levels of college English education, and finding problems and countermeasures in time, this paper puts forward a research on college English education reform under the cultural differences between China and foreign countries. Exploring the cultural background behind the learning of English knowledge, China and foreign countries have formed two completely different cultural forms, resulting in differences in language communication, behavioral expression, way of thinking, and living habits between China and foreign countries. Advocate and motivate students to learn Chinese and Western cultures, cultivate students' cross-cultural awareness, actively explore English language and culture, and apply modern teaching methods to college English teaching. Mining high-quality parameters to quickly obtain target data, set reasonable control factors, and calculate the information gain of data attributes. Using differentiated information reorganization, a distributed recursive statistical analysis model of students' English grades was established, the characteristic parameters of grade differences were analyzed, the optimal lag order was selected for the prediction error index, and the co-integration relationship of test variables of students' grade differences was realized. The results of the study show that the classes that have undergone reformed education combined with Chinese and foreign countries have significantly improved their college English, with an average score of over 89.


In examining four recent books, this essay explores some key facets of contemporary scholarship on empire and the making of the modern world. Drawing on Dipesh Chakrabarty's arguments about the often contingent relationship between modernisation as a set of material and institutional transformations and modernity as a cultural sensibility, it argues that the unfolding of the modern was messy, uneven, and remained in process until the age of decolonisation. The essay suggests that the range of modern formations that emerged out of empire-building were profoundly imprinted by local socio-political patterns and the weight of precolonial cultural traditions, meaning that modernisation never played out as an entirely homogenising force.


This issue contains the following articles: (1) ''Technology Transfer Takes a Team''. (2) ''Zeroing In on Genes'' With Gene Recovery Microdissection, sequencing an entire genome to find its genes will no longer be necessary. (3) ''Big Glass for a Big Laser'' Together, Livermore and two leading laser glass producers have developed a revolutionary new method for making big pieces of high-quality laser glass. (4) ''Lasershot Makes Its Mark'' The Lasershot Marking System creates permanent, high-resolution identification marks on safety-critical metal parts, without weakening the part. (5) ''Tracking the Global Spread of Advanced Technology'' The Center for Global Security Research takes on the challenge of analyzing and raising awareness of the potential national security threats posed by advances in science and technology.


A gentleman's carriage of great elegance, harnessed to a pair of sprightly greys, stood in the middle of the road. There was no one inside, and the coachman himself had come down from the box and was standing beside it, while someone held the...


The goal of IT governance is not only to achieve internal efficiency in an IT organization, but also to support IT's role as a business enabler. The latter is here denoted IT governance performance ...


Background: The study of maternal near miss (severe maternal morbidity) is an alternative to study of maternal death. To reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR), analysis of maternal near miss cases provide valuable information, which helps in implementing strategies to prevent maternal death. Aims and objectives were to determine maternal near miss indices and to analyse the causes of maternal near miss and other associated factors.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of health records of maternal near miss cases admitted to tertiary care hospital from October 2021 - September 2022 was done. Patient characteristics like age, parity, gestational age, risk factors, mode of delivery, lifesaving intervention were studied.
Results: A total of 9,744 patient admitted for seeking obstetric care and out of which there were 8,791 deliveries. A total of 164 maternal near miss cases and 24 maternal deaths were found during study period. The maternal near miss incidence ratio 18.76/1000 live birth, maternal near miss to mortality ratio 6.8:1 and mortality index was 12.7%. Hypertension and its complications are the most common cause for maternal near miss cases. Women in late trimester, multiparity, low education status, lack of awareness are at increased risk of near miss cases.
Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and obstetric hemorrhage are leading cause for pregnancy specific obstetric disorder and anemia was found to be a leading cause for pre-existing condition aggravated during pregnancy. This study highlights the need for overall improvement in awareness among pregnant mothers and its timely accessibility with quality critical care management.


In many of the more general studies on marine zooplankton the part played by siphonophores is frequently ignored or only given a cursory mention. However, their ecological importance is far from insignificant. In this context we are indebted to the late Mr A. K. Totton whose publications have done much to draw attention to the siphonophores and the part which they play in the zooplankton community. His synopsis of the siphonophores (Totton, 1965) is a masterly work from which any student of this fascinating group can derive much benefit.


New product development (NPD) is defined as the transformation of a market opportunity and a set of assumptions about product technology into a product available for sale. Managers charged with project selection decisions in the NPD process, such as go/no-go choices and specific resource allocation decisions, are faced with a complicated problem. Therefore, the ability to develop new successful products has identifies as a major determinant in sustaining a firm's competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to develop a new evaluation model for NPD project selection in the high-tech industry using support vector machines (SVM). The evaluation model is developed through two phases. In the first phase, binary (go/no-go) classification prediction model, i.e. SVM for high-tech NPD project selection is developed. In the second phase. using the predicted output value of SVM, feasibility grade is calculated for the final NPD project decision making. In this study, the feasibility grades are also divided as three level grades. We assume that the frequency of NPD project cases is symmetrically determined according to the feasibility grades and misclassification errors are partially minimized by the multiple grades. However, the horizon of grade level can be changed by firms' NPD strategy. Our proposed feasibility grade method is more reasonable in NPD decision problems by considering particularly risk factor of NPD in viewpoints of future NPD success probability. In our empirical study using Korean NPD cases, the SVM significantly outperformed ANN and logistic regression as benchmark models in hit ratio. And the feasibility grades generated from the predicted output value of SVM showed that they can offer a useful guideline for NPD project selection.


Digital curation provides a way to transcend traditional academic fields of study and create instructional materials available to support adolescent and adult literacy initiatives. The instructional capabilities that Web 2.0 tools offer provide curators with the ability to reach audiences in a way that has not been possible in the past. The authors propose a digital curation framework for teachers to use as they collect, categorize, critique, conceptualize, and circulate resources. Based on this framework, the authors identify 10 valuable Web 2.0 tools that are available for effective content literacy digital curation.


Enhancement of hydrophobicity by a roughness mixture was investigated on two different model structures. A two-dimensional particle array and commercial embossed film were employed as a bottom rough surface, and a colloidal silica-fluoropolymer composite was coated on these surfaces. Both model surfaces became superhydrophobic by the roughness mixture. These results were quantitatively analyzed based on their surface morphology. The hydrophobicity enhancement was explained by an effective increase of the solid-air interface area.


We consider the classical problem of maximizing the value of the derivative of a
polynomial at a given point x0 ∈ [−1, 1]. The corresponding extremal problem for
general polynomials in the uniform norm was solved by V. Markov. In this paper,
we consider the analog of this problem for k-absolutely monotone polynomials. As a
consequence, we solve the analog of V. Markov's problem, find the exact constant in
Bernstein's inequality and give a new proof of A. Markov's inequality for monotone
polynomials.


This paper explores multi-stakeholder perspectives on the extent to which forestry projects that pursue ecological restoration and rehabilitation in Madagascar engage with local communities and can co-deliver climate-development benefits. Drawing on mixed methods (policy analysis, semi-structured interviews, participatory site visits and focus groups) in two different forestry contexts, we show that by strengthening access to capital availability, projects can enhance local adaptive capacity and mitigation and deliver local development. We show that active consideration of ecological conservation and action plans early in project design and implementation can co-develop and support monitoring and reporting systems, needed to progress towards integrated climate-compatible development approaches. Climate mitigation benefits remain poorly quantified due to limited interest in, and low capacity to generate, carbon revenues. Monitoring alone does not ensure carbon benefits will materialize, and this research stresses that institutional considerations and strengthened engagement and cooperation between practitioners and communities are key in achieving both climate mitigation and community development impacts. Multiple benefits can be fostered by aligning objectives of multiple landscape actors (i.e., community needs and project developers) and by systematically linking project deliverables, outputs, outcomes and impacts over time, grounded in a theory of change focused on ensuring community buy-in and planning for delivery of tangible benefits.


Abstract Disclosure: I. Jung: None. F. Anokye-Danso: None. S. Jin: None. R.S. Ahima: None. S. Kim: None. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with a broad spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to advanced stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although many clinical trials for NAFLD treatment are undergoing, there are currently no approved therapies. Insulin resistance is central to the progression of NAFLD and implicated in disease progression from steatosis to NASH. Therefore, modulation of insulin resistance represents a potential strategy for NAFLD treatment. We have reported that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a key enzyme in inositol polyphosphate biosynthesis, plays a role in regulating hepatic insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. However, the roles of IPMK in hepatic lipid metabolism were not investigated. To determine the role of IPMK in NAFLD/NASH, we fed high fat diet (HFD) or methionine-choline deficient diet (MCDD) in both wild type (WT) and liver-specific IPMK knockout (LKO) mice. We also examined the effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF), which is known to be beneficial for metabolic disease without influencing the food intake, in NAFDL/NASH. Here, we show that hepatic IPMK protein was decreased in WT mice fed a MCDD compared to a normal chow diet (ND) and loss of IPMK in the liver augments hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in mice fed a HFD as well as MCDD. Compared to the WT mice, triglycerides (TG) and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the liver increase significantly in the LKO mice fed HFD. Importantly, MCDD-fed LKO mice exhibit exacerbated NAFLD/NASH accompanied by an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic TG accumulation and fibrosis, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Finally, TRF by limiting a food access only during the dark cycle led to an increase in expression hepatic IPMK protein in MCDD mice. Importantly, TRF alleviates NAFLD/NASH reflected by reduced hepatic TG accumulation, lowered serum ALT and AST levels, downregulated pro-inflammatory gene expression compared with ad libitum mice. Our results demonstrate that loss of IPMK mediates the progression of NAFLD/NASH and may be potentially targeted for treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023


In this research paper, a novel heterostructure AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT) is proposed, using an ultra-wide bandgap Oxide $\mathrm{Gallium}(\mathrm{O}_{-2}\mathrm{Ga}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3})$ as dielectric layer growth on GaN substrate. The transfer and RF characteristics of the developed device with a recessed T-gate are compared with a conventional T-gate structure by using a two-dimensional (2D) simulation of the TCAD Silvaco Software at $300\mathrm{~K}$. A positive value of the threshold voltage VTH of $0.56\mathrm{~V}$ and the highest peak transconductance $\left(G_{\mathrm{m},\mathrm{max}}\right)$ of $1.15\mathrm{~S}/\mu\mathrm{m}$ were achieved for $2\mathrm{~nm}$ recess gate depth. A very small sub-threshold slope of $66\mathrm{mV}/$ dec was reached. The microwave frequency performances of this device showed an outstanding result. The E-mode device exhibited a cut-off frequency $(F_{t})$ of 49GHz, and a maximum frequency $(F_{\max})$ of 60GHz while the MOSHEMT with conventional gate structure attained to only 38GHz and 47GHz respectively. The simulation results make this improved AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT using a β–Ga2O3 as a dielectric layer suitable for high-frequency electronic applications.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a double model mesopore molecular sieve according to a claim of right (1). The method comprises the following steps: a) the double model mesopore molecular sieve is offered; the double model mesopore molecular sieve is provided with at least a macropore with an aperture of 10 to 100nm and at least a keyhole with an aperture smaller than 10nm; b) an organosilane coupling agent with concentration of 0.01 to 1M is used to functionalize the double model mesopore molecular sieve, thereby acquiring a functionalized double model mesopore molecular sieve; and c) metallic salt solution with concentration of 0.1 to 3M selected from copper, iron, chromium or molybdenum is used to process the functionalized double model mesopore molecular sieve, so as to acquire a functionalized double model medium molecular sieve which, according to the weight of the double model mesopore molecular sieve, contains at most 2 weight percent of nitrogen elements or at most 2 weight percent of halogen and 2 weight percent of metal elements selected from copper, iron, chromium or molybdenum. The invention further discloses the double model mesopore molecular sieve manufactured by the method and a catalytic combustion sensor comprising same.


A direct exposure technique to simulate the vegetation red-magenta hues associated with the traditional Kodak Ektachrome Professional Infrared EIR film is proposed. The method uses the Foveon sensor in full spectrum mode as found in Sigma cameras in combination with green-pass filters to reproduce the red-magenta hues of healthy vegetation without resorting to multi-exposures or channel swaps as is the current norm in single sensor cameras. An array of commercially available green-pass filters are analyzed via spectrophotmetric, densitometric and colorimetric measurements. A calibration technique using color-compensating filters is presented such that any green-pass filter will transmit green wavelengths to a set norm and ensure repeatability. A color model for the Foveon/green-pass filter is developed using quantum efficiencies to explain the color effects observed. Color similarities in near-infrared, blue and black and differences in red and green compared with Kodak Ektachrome Infrared film are discussed. Aerial photography examples are discussed, and the technique is proposed as a more direct means of obtaining traditional false color infrared imagery for pictorial and scientific applications when using Foveon type commercially available digital cameras.


The antenna network of aluminum conductors consists of a series of concentric triangles. The erection was accomplished without ground contact of the conductors. The solution consisted of suspending a structural steel erection triangle from the three mountain top towers which were to support the final antenna, and literally pulling the whole antenna through the erection triangle and spreading it out on the erection lines which supported the triangle. This was facilitated by supporting the junction plates that held the antenna network together, on small four-wheeled cars which rode on the erection lines like rails. The total weight of the aluminum conductors was about 70,000 lb and the maximum span lengths were about 3,600 ft. The erection method necessitated men working in the suspended erection triangle from 300 ft to 500 ft over the ground.


Mechanical force,magnetic force and water current pulse have effects on vibration of a power house,it is very difficult to identify its modal parameters due to the difficulty of dynamic load measurement.In order to identify modal parameters and improve identification precision,the components of free decay vibration of a power house are extracted from its vibration signals after its dynamic loads are suddenly released using the random decrement method.Modal parameters of the first several modes of the power house are identified with the ARMA model method.The identification results are compared with those of the modal analysis calculation.It shows that the method combing the random decrement method with the ARMA model method is an effective method for performing dynamic parameters identification of large power house structures,and the identification results can be used for their health monitoring and vibration control.The proposed method may be potential for online identification of modal parameters of large power house structures.


High speed PIN switch is widely used in communication,radar and electronic counter systems.But it is difficult to get out the cut-off time.A new approach of speed simulation of PIN diode switch is proposed.According to the state of each PIN diode,the switch's cut-off time can be calculated accurately.Stroll's transient model is used to simulate the switching behavior of PIN diode,and the results consistent with the actual test data.This method can be used to simulate PIN switching speed,and also for other semiconductor control circuit's switching time simulation.


This chapter looks at the appearance of the catuṣkoṭi in early sūtras. It then looks at the failure of attempts to accommodate it in `standard' logic. Next it shows how it can be accommodated in the logic of First Degree Entailment. Finally it looks at some early Buddhist hints that there might be more to matters than the simple catuṣkoṭi and how these matters cannot be accommodated by appealing to presupposition-failure.


A lattice consistent with a peak luminosity of 10/sup 34/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ is designed for the KEK B-Factory (KEKB). A new unit cell structure with 2.5 /spl pi/ phase advance is applied in the arc so as to install the non-interleaved sextupole pairs efficiently. This cell structure also provides a wide range of tunability for the emittance and the momentum compaction factor, while maintaining the -l relation between sextupoles.


Tm3+-doped chalcogenide glasses in Ge30Ga5Se65 and Ge30Ga5S65(mol%) system were synthesized by melt-quenching technique.The properties of the glasses including absorption spectra and emission spectra were measured under 800 nm excitation.According to the Judd-Ofelt theory and absorption spectrum,the intensity parameter Ωt(t=2,4,6),the spontaneous radiative transition A,fluorescence branching ratio β and radiative lifetime rad of Tm3+ were calculated.


We complete the determination of the stable model of X0(Np 3 ), p ≥ 5, (N, p) = 1 begun in (CMc) and compute the inertial action on the stable reduction of X0(p 3 ).


HYPERURICEMIA has been reported to occur in a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities. The demonstration of elevated serum uric acid levels in such diverse pathologic states as acromegaly,1 myxedema,2 hypoparathyroidism,3 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism,4 diabetes mellitus5 and essential hypercholesterolemia6 defies a common physiologic explanation. Our recent experiences with hyperparathyroid subjects suggests that the association of hyperuricemia and functioning parathyroid adenomas is not infrequent. The further demonstration of a surprising incidence of gout in these subjects bears emphasis. It is the purpose of this paper to report the incidence of these combined abnormalities in a small group of patients, the effect of removal of . . .


The q{sub 2} dependence of the {pi}-{eta} mixing amplitude is examined with the use of QCD sum rules. The linear slope of the mixing function {theta}(q{sup 2}) is found to be much smaller than that for {rho}-{omega} mixing. Thus the mixing amplitude is approximately the same in the space-like region as in the time-like one, and one may neglect the q{sup 2} dependence of the mixing. A comparison between a hadron-meson, an effective chiral model, and the QCD sum rules approaches is made.


The paper presents an evolutionary model, based on the assumption that agents may revise their current strategies if they previously failed to attain the maximum level of potential payoffs. We offer three versions of this reflexive mechanism, each one of which describes a distinct type: spontaneous agents, rigid players, and 'satisficers'. We use simulations to examine the performance of these types. Agents who change their strategies relatively easily tend to perform better in coordination games, but antagonistic games generally lead to more favorable outcomes if the individuals only change their strategies when disappointment from previous rounds surpasses some predefined threshold.


In order to bridge a gap in the market where a standard test machine for evaluating power losses in radial bearings is not present, the present work aims at the design of a radial bearing test bench capable of evaluating the torque of losses. The losses in a bearing are due to different mechanisms, such as, friction, slipping and churning. These are dependent on the service conditions, such as applied load, lubricant type, immersion height and the lubricant feeding in the active contact zone between the raceways and the rolling bodies. Therefore, it is essential that all bearings tested simultaneously are subject to the same test conditions. To this end, four rolling bearings are assembled on a shaft, with the two external rolling bearings mounted in the case walls while the load is applied on the two central ones. This assemble configures a load system based on four-point bending applied on the horizontal plane maintains the same load conditions for each bearing, the same immersion height and fundamentally the same lubricant feeding in the active contact zone between the raceways and the rolling bodies. By varying the conditions between each test, the bearing behavior pattern at different operating conditions (power loss) will be measured and thus improve the power loss prediction models. The test case has an approximate size to one of the FZG gear test rig, has a load application system by means of a hydraulic cylinder which drives a shaft thereby transmitting load to the bearings. A temperature control system is also designed for either heating or cooling the oil bath thereby enabling testing at temperatures different than the oil stabilization temperature. The whole course from the basic idea to the mechanical drawing of the parts is presented in detail throughout this report. The final solution proposed for the test rig meets all the objectives and constraints applied to the project and is therefore a viable solution for implementation.


Hearing and vision loss are independently associated with dementia, but the impact of dual sensory impairment (DSI) on dementia risk is not well understood.


The areas / institutions Njoh uses to expound his argument are: the traditional African family; the traditional land tenure system; gender and property inheritance; the traditional African administrative system; traditional resource mobilisation strategies; traditional healthcare and healing strategies; as well as traditional architecture and housing. His argument is that each of these areas / institutions has the potential to contribute to development but they have all been misconstrued by the West and are dismissed out of hand. Njoh delineates the gaffes made by Western scholars and provides an alternative interpretation of what each of these institutions meant and could mean for development.


A comparative analysis of ultraviolet light absorption is presented for distinct photosensitive optical fibers. Fibers are irradiated by ultraviolet light, coming from a pulsed Nd:YAG Laser (90 mJ, 5-7 ns) at 266 nm. Absorption is analyzed from ultraviolet to infrared region and it is compared for different photosensitive optical fibers. The final goal of this work is to identify absorption spectral regions, which would be useful in order to improve fiber grating printing.


Simple Summary Relapse is still a major problem in AML because it occurs in about 60–80% of patients, even those who have previously achieved complete remission (CR), defined by the presence of ≤5% bone marrow (BM) leukemic cells. Thus, since CR is unable to predict the relapse risk, significantly more sensitive techniques aimed at identifying AML cells in BM or peripheral blood, a parameter termed measurable residual disease (MRD), have been developed. Among them, RT-qPCR, which analyses appropriate molecular markers, and multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), which analyses aberrantly expressed antigens, have been identified as the methods of choice for MRD detection. Nowadays, various studies that assessed MRD by these techniques have provided compelling evidence that MRD positivity (MRD+) after standard induction/consolidation chemotherapy and before allo-HSCT is predictive of a very poor clinical outcome. In addition, other studies, which showed that MRD+ clearance even at late time points of the course of the disease may improve the disease clinical outcome, have further strengthened the relevance of MRD+. Thus, a complete MRD eradication, potentially attainable through novel innovative treatments, has emerged as an un-met clinical need in AML and is expected to improve our patients' prognosis. Abstract In non-promyelocytic (non-M3) AML measurable residual disease (MRD) detected by multi-parameter flow cytometry and molecular technologies, which are guided by Consensus-based guidelines and discover very low leukemic cell numbers far below the 5% threshold of morphological assessment, has emerged as the most relevant predictor of clinical outcome. Currently, it is well-established that MRD positivity after standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy, as well as during the period preceding an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT), portends to a significantly inferior relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, it has become absolutely clear that conversion from an MRD-positive to an MRD-negative state provides a favorable clinical outcome similar to that associated with early MRD negativity. Thus, the complete eradication of MRD, i.e., the clearance of the few leukemic stem cells—which, due to their chemo-radiotherapy resistance, might eventually be responsible of disease recurrence—has become an un-met clinical need in AML. Nowadays, this goal might potentially be achieved thanks to the development of novel innovative treatment strategies, including those targeting driver mutations, apoptosis, methylation patterns and leukemic proteins. The aim of this review is to analyze these strategies and to suggest any potential combination able to induce MRD negativity in the pre- and post-HSCT period.


In a Web service environment, such as Parlay X, contracts are agreed between the involved participants to guarantee a reasonable measure of quality of service (QoS). A common policy adopted is for contracts to involve only one parameter which places a limit on the number of incoming operation calls. This constraint is expressed as the maximum number of operation calls per second that a source is allowed to request. In this paper, we investigate the impact that different constraints placed on the incoming traffic have on performance and guarantees. By expressing shaping conditions mathematically, analysis can be performed for a scenario which considers hard time constraints. Simulations will be used to investigate scenarios involving soft time constraints.


The present invention relates to a module (01) for a modular cable headend of a broadband cable network, as well as a modular cable head for a broadband cable network. The cable headend comprises several module slots for one module (01) for processing at least one of the broadband cable network to be distributed signal. The inventive module (01) comprises an electronic assembly (03, 04, 06) for processing at least one program signal. According to the invention, the module (01) has a mass storage data interface (07) via which it is connectable to a mass storage data interface of the cable headend to the at least one to be distributed in the broadband cable network signal via the storage data interface (07) of the module (01) and the mass storage data interface of the cable headend to transfer.


Firmness of 'Starkrimson Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples was not significantly different when tested at 0° and 20°C after 26 weeks of storage at 0°. The volume of bruises produced in these cultivars by mechanical impact injury increased with increasing temperature (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°) when injured, and with increasing holding temperature (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°) during bruise development.


A key feature of the politics of the "New Christian Right" has been its attempts to mobilize the evangelical clergy, and through them, the broader community of evangelical Protestants. By all accounts, Pat Robertson's 1988 presidential bid, the most visible expression of the Christian Right to date, counted on strong backing from the clergy,2 and the failure to mobilize this core constituency helps to account for Robertson's lack of success. Indeed, we find only modest support for the campaign among evangelical ministers, and this support was concentrated in a narrow segment of the community: those with lower levels of education, characterized by social issue conservatism, and from charismatic and Pentecostal churches. Support for Robertson, however, was most directly accounted for by the political judgments of ministers, such as the quality of the candidate and the viability of the campaign, rather than religious or demographic factors. Thus, if evangelical ministers were the core of Robertson's campaign, then the core was largely hollow.


Finland is currently undergoing a restructuring of the municipal and public service structure. This restructuring is an effort to react, in addition to tightening economy, to the changing circumstances with regard to the demographic structure, especially in rural areas. This paper examines the use of geographical information systems (GIS) to analyze the spatial accessibility of public services and unearth differences in the accessibility of different demographic subgroups in a rural municipality with a developed road transport network, but declining population and economy. The potential for applying GIS methods to future rural development and policies, in light of an increasing trend of municipal merges, is also discussed. This paper seeks to show that GIS driven demographic analysis are valuable in exposing equality issues and differences between possible locations when provision of public services is planned. Datasets used in this research are digital road network data covering the full extent of the Finnish road network and population grid data including the population of Finland  invarious demographic subgroups on a 1 km × 1 km grid cell size. Such datasets offer a unique insight into the spatial division of population and transport possibilities. Accessibility varies for different demographic groups and this can be projected and numerated by the use of two GIS methods: relative accessibility measures and average distance measures.


Combination of image-sound-vibration integrated sensing and robust data transfer is used to construct a change detection system of building group in urban areas in preparation for unexpected events. The field test under severe condition has been performed in the remote island, Gunkanjima. Nine buildings on the island are selected to monitor the long-term evolution of damage and deterioration through sensor fusion of MEMS acceleration sensor network for vibration sensing, microphone array for sound sensing and surveillance camera network for image sensing. The overall framework and current situation of the Gunkanjima monitoring are reported and future perspective is presented.


The article is devoted to the genesis of a new worldview – a methodological trend in the modern cultural space. This issue is quite actual due to the fact that just in continental philosophy there are quite a lot of different philosophical schools of thought, starting with hermeneutics and phenomenology, existentialism, structuralism and critical theory and ending with postmodernism and various variations of Marxism. According to philosophical temporal standards, quite recently, a manifesto has come out, declaring a new era in interpretations of sociocultural reality and itself as a saving circle for confused representatives of this reality. With a sufficiently short period of existence, a new world outlook has been called by a variety of names, which do not always clarify its ideological claims. Today, the following names are in use: post-postmodernism, digital modernism, pseudo-modernism and metamodernism. The notion of post-postmodernism can be considered generic in the series listed above, as phonetically it can suggest some kind of consistency, because the prefix post- at least can explain something.It should be noted that we can witness the formation of a new, yet insufficiently substantiated school of thought. This trend is determined primarily by a special form of reality, which is characterized as an alternative. It is the participation of the world community in the genesis of the formalization of this trend that makes this topic interesting.


Methods: We recruited 99 patients from a local clinical service (mean±SD age: 81±6 years; range: 52-95 years, 67 female) with nAMD in one eye (for which they were being treated) and no evidence of nAMD in their fellow eye (study eye, SE); SE baseline visual acuity was 82±6 letters. Patients completed the hRSD test (a 3AFC radial shape discrimination, presented on an Apple Ipod Touch) with both eyes on consecutive clinic visits from recruitment until they had been tested a maximum of 12 times, or were diagnosed with nAMD in the SE. Diagnosis was based on masked clinician assessment using biomicroscopy and spectral domain OCT, confirmed with fluorescein angiography.


Differentiated brain activation in high-performance athletes supports neuronal mechanisms relevant to sports performance. Preparation for the motor action involves cortical and sub-cortical regions that can be non-invasively modulated by electrical current stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on electrical brain activity in professional female basketball players during free-throw shooting. Successful free-throw shooting (n = 2,361) from seven professional female basketball players was analyzed during two experimental conditions (HD-tDCS cathodic and sham) separated by 72 h. Three spectral bio-markers, Power Ratio Index (PRI), Delta Alpha Ratio (DAR), and Theta Beta Ratio (TBR) were measured (electroencephalography [EEG] Brain Products). Multi-channel HD-tDCS was applied for 20 min, considering current location and intensity for cathodic stimulation: FCC1h, AFF5h, AFF1h (−0.5 mA each), and FCC5h (ground). The within EEG analyses (pre and post HD-tDCS) of frontal channels (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, FC1, FC3) for 1 second epoch pre-shooting, showed increases in PRI (p < 0.001) and DAR (p < 0.001) for HD-tDCS cathodic condition, and in TBR for both conditions (cathodic, p = 0.01; sham, p = 0.002). Sub-group analysis divided the sample into less (n = 3; LSG) and more (n = 4; MSG) stable free-throw-shooting performers and revealed that increases in pre to post HD-tDCS in PRI only occurred for the LSG. These results suggest that the effect of HD-tDCS may induce changes in slow frontal frequency brain activities and that this alteration seems to be greater for players demonstrating a less stable free-throw shooting performance.


Groin injuries represent a considerable problem in male football, accounting for 4%‐19% of all time‐loss injuries. The Adductor Strengthening Programme is the first groin‐specific prevention program shown to reduce the risk of groin problems. We aimed to use the RE‐AIM framework to examine the players' experiences with the implementation of the program and player attitude toward groin injury prevention in football. Of the 632 players involved in the trial examining the effect of the Adductor Strengthening Programme, 501 agreed to participate in a survey at the end of the season. Most players thought that footballers are at moderate to high risk for groin injuries (87%) and that there is a need for preventive measures (96%). They also believed that a preventive program with strengthening exercises would reduce the risk of groin injuries (91%). Majority of the players reported using <5 minutes to complete the program (73%), and only 11% wanted additional exercises. However, only 46% reported to have performed the program as recommended, and an even smaller proportion (31%) planned to continue using it as recommended the next season. Our results suggest that footballers believe that prevention of groin injuries is needed. Attitude toward implementation of the Adductor Strengthening Programme was positive, and the single‐exercise approach was considered an important facilitator. However, in future dissemination of the program, the players' reluctance to maintain the exercise protocol may be a potential barrier to implementation that should be addressed.


THE COMPLEX PROBLEMS involved in the valuation of common stocks fall primarily into two groups: (a) the determination of the future prospects of the issues under consideration, and (b) the valuation of these stocks in relation to their apparent future prospects. While an absolute determination of future value is impossible, much attention is properly being given to the relative valuation of common stocks. The skills of the analyst can effectively be applied to stock valuation on a relative basis. This involves careful estimates of the future prospects of the issues under consideration and, on this basis, an evaluation of their relative present market positions. So far as absolute valuation is concerned, the analyst is on less certain ground, but at the least he may be able to identify areas of extreme undervaluation or overvaluation.


Significance Settlement of Remote Oceania began ~3,500 to 3,300 y ago and coincided with falling sea level across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Archaeological evidence suggests that people arrived on Pohnpei and Kosrae (high islands in Micronesia) ~1,000 y later than on other high islands. We reconstruct sea level on Pohnpei and Kosrae using mangrove sediment and find that rather than falling, sea level rose by ~4.3 m over the past ~5,700 y because of subsidence. This rise likely submerged coastal evidence for the initial settlement and current estimates of when people arrived are therefore biased young. Our results allow reconsideration of the pathways and interactions between voyaging groups across Remote Oceania, and the interpretation of the Nan Madol and Leluh monuments.


A simple method for obtaining propagation characteristics of optical waveguides of arbitrary refractive-index profile is presented. The method involves dividing the inhomogeneous profile into a suitable number of homogeneous layers of equal/unequal thicknesses and choosing real field equations appropriately to construct a real matrix eigenvalue equation, which may be readily solved. When the waveguide becomes leaky or absorbing, the propagation constant β and the eigenvalue equation become complex. However, the matrices still can be made real except for layers of complex indices. If one now writes the eigenvalue equation as F(β) = 0, a plot of 1/|F|2 gives Lorentzians peaked at a real part of β and having an HWHM equal to the imaginary part of β. The procedure is extremely simple for simple structures. One can use a computer which does not have the facility to handle complex numbers. Also, this method requires much shorter computer time compared with other methods. Owing to the general approach and simplicity, the method should find application in a variety of waveguiding problems.


The effect of adding standby redundancy at the system and component levels is studied. Compared with parallel redundancy, standby redundancy is both easier to implement and more essential in the study of maintenance policies. However, standby redundancy at the component level is not always better than that at the system level, whereas it is always better for parallel redundancy. It is shown that for a series (parallel) system, standby redundancy is more effective at the component (system) level. A simple proof is given. >


This study examines the impact of COVID-19 sentiment on office building rents and vacancy rates in China with a COVID-19 sentiment index constructed based on Baidu search queries on COVID-19-related keywords. We analyzed the data of office buildings and economic data from 2013 Q3 to 2022 Q2 in seven major Chinese cities with a two-stage Error Correction Model framework. We found that a heightened level of COVID-19 sentiment significantly and adversely affects the Chinese office buildings market. Specifically, office building rents decrease more than 8% if a city is exposed to an increase of one unit of COVID-19 sentiment for an entire quarter. The interaction terms model further reveals that the COVID-19 sentiment has a more substantial impact on office building rents where office vacancy is higher, reflecting an asymmetric effect. The findings here support the fear sentiment hypothesis. The findings suggest that a heightened level of investors' COVID-19 sentiment resulted in a deterioration of office rents, reinforcing the role of investors' sentiment in the pricing of office buildings. The findings suggest that investors should consider investor sentiment, particularly COVID-19 sentiment, in their decision-making.


Stearidonic acid (SDA); 18:4(n-3), an ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA), could be produced by Genetically Modified Saccharomyces cerreviseae (GMY) using Linseed Oil (LO) as fatty acid source. In nature, S. cerrevisae accumulates only very small amount lipid and contains until mono unsaturated fatty acids. But this GMY strain beside has capability to accumulate lipid, it also contains Δ6 desaturase gene which leads to convert α-Linolenic Acid (ALA); 18:3(n-3) to be SDA. Gas Chromatograph analysis of transmethylated LO sample showed that main component of fatty acid was ALA (about 57%), therefore LO can be used as a cheap source for other PUFA production. In order to provide ALA as a source for the yeast, enzymatic hydrolysis of LO using lipase was done. The lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (L4277-SIGMA) showed the highest activity among 5 lipases when 1 g/L LO in the medium for yeast (containing 6.7g/L yeast nitrogen base, 20 g/L glucose and 2.5g/L tergitol NP-40) was hydrolyzed. For SDA production, 1g/L LO in medium was aseptically hydrolyzed by lipase in 50 unit/mL for 18 hours at 30 oC and 140 rpm. The pre-culture of GMY (1% V/V) was then inoculated into the treated medium and 2.59 g/L dried cells were obtained after 5 days cultivation. ALA was accumulated in the cells at 0.06g/L (11% of total ALA in LO), and only 25% (0.015g/L) of accumulated ALA were converted to SDA. These results suggested that LO can be used as a source for PUFA production. In order to improve the productivity of SDA using GMY, hydrolysis of LO as well as cultivation condition and genetically improvement of the yeast must be highly considerated.


Fire blight is a devastating disease of apple, pear and quince caused by the Gramnegative bacterium Erwinia amylovora. This damaging disease can be prevented with the antibiotic streptomycin, but, as of 2016, streptomycin is no longer permitted for fire blight control in Switzerland. We conducted two experiments in 2015 on alternative methods to control fire blight on pathogen-inoculated, potted two-year old 'Gala Galaxy' apple trees in a field site enclosed with mesh. The incidence of fire blight was determined by counting the number of strikes per tree divided by the total number of blossom clusters. Population sizes of E. amylovora were estimated throughout bloom by real-time PCR. A streptomycin application followed by LMA (potassium-aluminum sulfate) treatment showed highest efficacy values and lowest pathogen population sizes on blossoms compared to other tested materials. As streptomycin is not allowed anymore, more research is needed to develop effective alternative plant protection strategies for a sustainable fire blight management in Switzerland.


There is a large literature on the theorydependence of observation. A classical source is N.R. Hanson, Patterns of Discovery. Cambridge University Press, 1958. A view that accepts much of the theory-dependency thesis yet objects to some of the more radical interpretations of it can be found in Israel Scheffler. Science and Subjectivity, New York. Bobbs-Merrill, 1967. For some of the pedagogical implications of this view, one might consult Hugh G. Petrie, "The Believing in Seeing,'* in Lindley J. Stiles (ed.) Theories for Teaching. New York: Dodd-Mead. 1974.


The above quotation is taken from the menu of the Karim's group of restaurants in Delhi. The popularity of the restaurants rests on its claim to be the authentic cuisine of the Mughal Emperors. The lines quoted beautifully capture the process of the dissemination of one aspect of Mughal court culture, in this case cuisine, among the wider masses. There is to be found a significant vibrancy when it comes to various aspects of cultural life and this can be seen in the diffusion of court culture to lower strata of society, percolating down in this case to the common man. This will be the main focus of this article. It will be argued that the contentious issue of the flowering or decadence of cultural and religious life in Eighteenth-Century Northern India needs to be resolved by laying greater emphasis on the side of the flowering of culture and religion. Such an argument would differ with the predominant argument in favour of decadence that has been put forward by eminent historians like Irfan Habib, Athar Ali, Satish Chandra, Jadunath Sarkar,


This article addresses a new network equilibrium problem with mode and route choices for the emerging need of modeling regional transportation networks that accommodate both gasoline and electric vehicles. The two transportation modes (or vehicle types) distinguish from each other in terms of driving distance limit and travel cost composition. In view of the advantages (e.g., low fuel expenses and vehicle emissions) and disadvantages (e.g., limited driving range and long charging time) pertaining to driving electric vehicles, it is anticipated that a large number of households/motorists may prefer to own both gasoline and electric vehicles (although, of course, many households/motorists still only own gasoline vehicles (GVs) and some households may choose to own electric vehicles only) in the transition period from the petroleum era to the electricity era. The purpose of this article is to offer a traffic equilibrium modeling tool for networks that serve households/motorists who can choose between gasoline and electric vehicles. Specifically, we present a convex optimization model for characterizing such mixed equilibrium traffic networks with both gasoline and electric vehicles, which are expected to exist for a long period in the future. Two competing solution algorithms, a linear approximation algorithm of the Jacobi type and a quadratic approximation algorithm taking the form of the Gauss–Seidel decomposition, are implemented and evaluated. Experimental results clearly show that, from the model behavior perspective, the produced network flow patterns replicate the anticipated combined mode–route choice results, that is, the higher the distance limit or the gasoline price is, the more travelers choose battery electric vehicles (BEVs) when both BEVs and GVs are available to them; and, from the solution efficiency perspective, the quadratic approximation algorithm exhibits linear convergence and can reach higher solution precision in shorter time.


In this paper, we propose a two-phase non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with cooperative relaying. <italic>In the first phase</italic>, an access point (AP) linearly combines the signals of near-user <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_1$</tex-math></inline-formula> and far-user <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> and then broadcasts the superimposed signal to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_1$</tex-math></inline-formula> and multiple relays. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_1$</tex-math></inline-formula> tries to decode its desired data by treating the signal of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> as interference. In a cooperative zone between AP and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>, multiple relays try to decode the signal of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> by decoding and canceling the signal of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_1$</tex-math></inline-formula>. <italic>In the second phase</italic>, a decodable relay is selected to forward the far-user's signal and, meanwhile, if <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm U_1$</tex-math></inline-formula> fails to decode its desired signal in the first phase, it will try to decode and cancel the far-user's signal to further decode its desired signal again. We analyze the system throughput and investigate the impacts of various parameters. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme can greatly outperform the time division multiple access and the non-cooperative NOMA schemes in terms of throughput for most system settings.