ABSTRACT There is a widespread consensus that armed forces are not suited for law enforcement tasks. Most arguments against using troops in public security are based on the lack of appropriate training and the military's difficulty in practising restraint when using force. Brazil has nonetheless militarised its public security provision by increasingly deploying soldiers in 'Guaranteeing Law and Order' (GLO) operations – at times even justifying these missions with the military's experience in UN peacekeeping. Drawing on survey research, interviews and focus groups with troops as well as the observation of training exercises, this article asks: how has the participation in these missions affected troops' perceived skills in law enforcement? What kind of lessons are they transferring from UN peacekeeping to internal missions and vice-versa? What are their perspectives on having to apply coercion gradually? It will be argued that soldiers perceive to have gained a considerable amount of law enforcement skills during UN peacekeeping and GLO operations. However, there are clear limitations in critical situations. Soldiers and officers felt restricted by rules of engagement and considered the greater use of force allowed in UN peacekeeping as necessary for the mission's effectiveness. Not being allowed to act in a similar manner in GLO operations has led to high levels of frustration among soldiers and officers. In the trade-off between the rule of law and effective actions against criminals, troops tend to prefer the latter. This underlines the risk of deploying soldiers in law enforcement roles.


The emotional education is a pedagogical movement which is excelling on the
education field. That is why this movement contributes to generate a lot of benefits for pupil´s
integral development. The main of this Final Master´s Thesis is to present an intervention
proposal to the development of Emotional Intelligence (in particular emotional awareness) on
pupils of first grade of Primary, through a curricular subject. In this proposal there are a
theoretical review of Emotional Intelligence and another review of psycho-evolutionary
development on pupils of first grade of Primary, a curricular justification of the
implementation of the proposal in the subject, Values, Civics and Social, the intervention
proposal and the results observed through the implementation of one part of the intervention
proposal. As far as the proposal is concerned, there are varied learning activities, which are
focus on the active role of the student, to contribute to the development of emotional
awareness, as well as assessment activities to evaluate the evolution of pupils in the
acquisition of emotional awareness competence. Through the implementation of the
proposal, and the analysis of the pupil´s assessment results, positives results were obtained
in relation of the development of emotional awareness on pupils.


Background: Co‐morbid anxiety symptoms are common in late‐life depression (LLD) and predict poorer treatment outcomes. No research has delineated the impact of different dimensions of anxiety (such as worry/anxious apprehension and panic/anxious arousal) on treatment response in LLD. We explored the impact of the dimensions of worry and panic on acute and maintenance treatment outcomes in LLD. Methods: We measured anxiety symptoms in 170 LLD subjects receiving protocolized treatment. Exploratory principal component analysis was used to delineate dimensions of anxiety symptoms. We defined sub‐groups based on factor scores. We used survival analysis to test the association of pretreatment anxiety dimensions with time to response and time to recurrence of LLD. Results: The principal component analysis found two factors: "worry" and "panic." Three sub‐groups were defined: low panic–low worry, low panic–high worry, and high panic–high worry. The low panic–high worry and high panic–high worry sub‐groups had longer time to response than the low panic–low worry sub‐group. Time to recurrence was longer in low panic–low worry subjects randomized to drug. Among subjects with high worry, there was no difference between those with low versus high panic regarding both time to response and time to recurrence of LLD. Conclusion: High levels of worry were associated with longer time to response and earlier recurrence with pharmacotherapy for LLD. There was no additional effect of panic symptoms on treatment outcomes when accounting for the effects of excessive worry. These results suggest that worry symptoms should be a focus of strategies to improve acute and maintenance treatment response in LLD. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper presents the design and implementation of electro-mechanical continuous-time bandpass and lowpass ΔΣ-modulators for closed-loop readout of vibratory MEMS gyroscopes. These concepts improve the performance of the readout system in terms of susceptibility to temperature and sensor parameter variations compared to open-loop solutions. Additionally, the linearity and the dynamic range are improved while the power consumption is low. Measurement results are shown of both readout concepts, which demonstrate the competitiveness and the functionality of the readout interfaces.


The invention discloses a liquid slag waste heat recovery device and a method for recovering slag waste heat by utilizing the same. The liquid slag waste heat recovery device comprises an overheat steam generator, an evaporator, a crusher, a heat preservation slag transport device and a slag conveying device, wherein the crusher is arranged above the evaporator and communicated with the evaporator which is communicated with the overheat steam generator to form steam cycle, a steam pressurizing device and a heat exchanger are arranged on the upstream of the overheat steam generator, another heat exchanger is arranged on the downstream of the overheat steam generator, and liquid slag is arranged in the overheat steam generator. Steam enters the overheat steam generator from top to bottom to perform heat exchange, the heat preservation slag transport device transports solid slag to the crusher, a water spraying device is arranged at the top of the evaporator, and the slag conveying device is arranged below the evaporator. The liquid slag waste heat recovery device can effectively recover heat of blast-furnace slag. The obtained steam can be directly used by a steam turbine to generate power, so that energy is effectively saved, and power generation is free of fuel and pollution.


Hydrothermal activity was associated with basaltic volcanism accompanying Tertiary tectonic activity (mainly tensional faulting) in Egypt, and led to relatively widespread rock alteration and, in places, to formation of low-grade manganese-iron, lead-zinc, and pyritic replacement deposits and fissure-filling copper ores. Many of these occurrences exhibit weak radioactivity. The hydrothermal solutions were probably not originally uraniferous, but acquired their content of uranium and perhaps certain other metals during passage through the granitic basement rocks and sedimentary cover. In a few instances, conditions were favorable for formation of uraniferous concentrations of economic interest.


This paper is directed towards the development of an improved DES to secure the data using smart cards. An improved Data Encryption Standard has been developed by incorporating an ODD/EVEN bit conversion to the existing DES algorithm. The proposed algorithm is expected to provide greater security to further protect the data in Smart Cards. The data is secured from any illegal retrieval and intended modification. The program simulation also provides a good start to explore for a more robust encryption technique that will not require so much mathematical computations.


tinent by horse and wagon and find gold in the new El Dorado of California. In the exuberance of youth, Brown recorded his hopes and fears before passing out of "civilization" and into the "wilds": "All is work and excitement and proving ourselves men, leaving family and friend to go amongst the wilds. Who can tell which or how many will fall by disease, an Indian arrow or the several dangers that will beset our path, but to the West we have set our faces, and to the West we go."' Determined to face whatever hardships the trail had to offer and make his place in adult society, Brown set out to "see the Elephant." He observed the pachyderm well before he reached the goldfields of California-the hardship, difficulty, and struggle to survive so often described by other overlanders as the real "Elephant" of the gold rush. The struggle, triumph, failure, and tears of argonauts during the gold rush years of 1849 to 1853 have been well covered in history and have worked their way into the pantheon of American myth.2 The purpose of this study is not to add to the extensive catalogue of overland experiences, but rather to suggest a more systematic method and larger cultural perspective. As a method, content analysis helps uncover and arrange the important ex-


Temporal variations of the three-dimensional air-water interface shape of trapped air pockets on hydrophobic surfaces in turbulent flows are directly measured. Depending on the shape regimes, the corresponding diffusion rate of air pockets is modeled as a function of flow and geometric parameters.


The title compounds were prepared by acid-catalyzed cyclization of aryloxymethyl- or (2-arylethyl)-4-carboxymethylisoxazoles which in turn were synthesized from aryloxymethyl- or (2-arylethyl)isoxazole-4-carboxylic acids by Arndt-Eistert homologation.


Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy with a variable clinical course. One of the established survival predictors in carcinomas in general is tumor grade, in OSCC however, grading according to the WHO has no independent prognostic impact. Recently, a novel grading scheme associated with high impact on patient outcome has been proposed for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. To probe whether this scheme could be applied to the upper aerodigestive tract, we retrospectively evaluated 157 chemoand radiotherapy naive OSCCs with complete clinical follow-up data and standardized treatment for tumor budding activity, cell nest size, extent of keratinization, stromal content, nuclear size and mitotic count. Histomorphological characteristics were correlated with clinicopathological data and patient outcome. Like in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, high budding activity and small cell nest size were significantly correlated with shortened overall, disease-specific and disease-free survival. A three-tiered grading system based on a sum score of these two prognostic markers proved to be a strong age-, stageand sex-independent prognosticator for survival with a A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. hazard ratio for overall survival of 2.1 for intermediately differentiated (G2) tumors and 3.4 for poorly differentiated (G3) tumors compared to well differentiated (G1) tumors (p<0.001). In conclusion, we almost exactly recapitulated and validated the strong prognostic impact of a grading algorithm recently proposed for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in OSCC. Our data may pave the way for a prognostically highly relevant future squamous cell carcinoma grading system broadly applicable in the aerodigestive tract.


This paper explores the importance of including spirituality in the curriculum. It describes how the absence of spirituality in the curriculum has left a void in the official curriculum of public education in English-speaking Canada. The paper describes examples of programs that provide opportunities for students to explore life's ultimate questions of heart and soul. After considering some obstacles, it then proposes guidelines for including the spiritual dimension of human life in public education in ways that do not indoctrinate but allow students to investigate how individuals and cultures have addressed spiritual concerns and issues.


Thank you for downloading action at the grassroots fighting poverty and environmental decline worldwatch paper 88. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this action at the grassroots fighting poverty and environmental decline worldwatch paper 88, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Background: Lumbo-pelvic (LPP) pain is common and non specific problem during pregnancy and post partum. Despite the fact that perinatal pyogenic sacroiliitis (PSI) during this period is rare, it should be considered as a vital differential diagnosis in women who have debilitating lower back and pelvic girdle pain. Case: A 34 years old primigravida presented to the emergency department with extreme right sided lower back pain radiating to the right gluteal region and down to the back of the right thigh. This pain began twelve days prior to her presentation and eventually worsened to the point that she couldn't stand or walk. Her vital signs were within normal limits, and she was febrile. Apart from a slight widening of the symphysis pubis, her pelvic and lumbo-sacral plain x-rays revealed no important findings. With the clinical impression of right LPP, the patient was admitted for pain management and further inquiries. Conclusion: Despite the fact that lower back and pelvic girdle pain are normal throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, perinatal PSI is uncommon. It's a tough diagnosis to make because the symptoms and signs aren't clear, and the tests aren't definitive. When pathognomonic clinical and radiologic signs indicate an infectious process and isolation of pathogenic bacteria is not possible, medical management with empirical antibiotics should not be delayed.


We construct a geodesic net in the plane with four unbalanced (boundary) vertices that has 16 balanced vertices and does not contain proper geodesic subnets. This is the first example of an irreducible geodesic net in the Euclidean plane with 4 boundary vertices that is not a tree.


The transport of eggs and larvae of anchovy Engraulus capensis and sardine Sardinops sagax from the western Agulhas Bank to the nursery grounds on the Cape west coast was investigated. Samples were taken monthly between August 1993 and March 1994 and September 1994 and March 1995. A comparison of eggs and larval distributions with current features from selected months supports previous studies, indicating that the frontal jet plays an important role in the transport of the early life history stages of anchovy and sardine, but that the position of such transport can vary between the 200 and 500-m isobaths. During October 1994, November 1994 and February 1995, the greatest concentrations of eggs corresponded with areas of strong north-north-westerly flow just beyond the 200 m isobath off the Cape Peninsula, whereas in November 1993 and January 1994 eggs were concentrated farther offshore, increasing the vulnerability of developing larvae to further dispersion offshore. Offshore concentrations, intensified b...


How can we build Natural Language Processing models for new domains and new languages? In this talk I will survey some recent advances to address this ubiquitous challenge, from crosslingual transfer to learning models under distant supervision from disparate sources, multitasklearning and data selection.


By the latest education policy that English is removed in primary school level's intra-curriculum, this study is a preliminary endeavour to investigate the pedagogical practice of the policy, particularly in a private elementary school in Indonesia. To achieve that aim, two English teachers were involved as the research participants. In collecting the data, non-participant classroom observations, as well as semi-structured interviews, were utilized. The data were then examined using inductive analysis. The most disgusting result to emerge from the data is that English language teaching in primary school needs thoughtful attentiveness from the government. The policy in removing English as the compulsory subject in elementary school level has effects on the bias goal of teaching, unstructured materials, as well as monotonous teaching practices. Therefore, the evidence of this study points toward to the idea that the government and related policymakers have to adjust the primary schools which still keep involving English in their curriculum; that is, by determining the standard of English teaching as well as controlling the teaching programs under a particular association.


This paper introduces the thread of the ancient Indian philosophy and the information,system and complexity thoughts in its main works and genres.They include the related thinking of the most ancient Indian classic literature—Rig Veda and Upanisad;the related ideas of the six orthodox Brahmanism philosophies of astika(Samkhya,Yoga,Vaisesika,Myaya or Naiyaya ka,Puarra Mimansa,Vedanta);the related thoughts in the three different schools-nastika(Buddhism,Jainism,yata) and Ajivika(non-Buddhist philosophy).By these introductions,the paper demonstrates the extensive,profound,long-standing,and mysterious characteristics of the ancient Indian philosophy.


We present a generalized degree theory for continuous maps f: (D, ?D) ? (E, E\{0}), where E is a normed vectorial space, D is an open subset of Rk x E such that p1(D) is bounded in Rk and f is a compact perturbation of the second projection p2: Rk x E ? E.


Fault tolerance, reliability and availability in Cloud computing are critical to ensure correct and continuous system operation also in the presence of failures. In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate fault tolerance mechanisms that use the virtualization technology to transparently increase the reliability and availability of applications deployed in the virtual machines in a Cloud. In contrast to several existing solutions that assume independent failures, we take into account the failure behavior of various server components, network and power distribution in a typical Cloud computing infrastructure, the correlation between individual failures, and the impact of each failure on user's applications. We use this evaluation to study fault tolerance mechanisms under different deployment contexts, and use it as the basis to develop a methodology for identifying and selecting mechanisms that match user's fault tolerance requirements.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of phylogenetic heritability of the geographical range size, shape and position for 88 species of fiddler crabs of the world, using phylogenetic comparative methods and simulation procedures to evaluate their fit to the neutral model of Brownian motion. The geographical range maps were compiled from literature, and range size was based on the entire length of coastline occupied by each species, and the position of each range was calculated as its latitudinal and longitudinal midpoint. The range shape of each species was based in fractal dimension (box-counting technique). The evolutionary patterns in the geographical range metrics were explored by phylogenetic correlograms using Morans I autocorrelation coefficients, autoregressive method (ARM) and phylogenetic eigenvector regression (PVR). The correlograms were compared with those obtained by simulations of Brownian motion processes across phylogenies. The distribution of geographical range size of fiddler crabs is right-skewed and weak phylogenetic autocorrelation was observed. On the other hand, there was a strong phylogenetic pattern in the position of the range (mainly along longitudinal axis). Indeed, the ARM and PVR evidenced, respectively, that ca. 86% and 91% of the longitudinal midpoint could be explained by phylogenetic relationships among the species. The strong longitudinal phylogenetic pattern may be due to vicariant allopatric speciation and geographically structured cladogenesis in the group. The traits analysed (geographical range size and position) did not follow a Brownian motion process, thus suggesting that both adaptive ecological and evolutionary processes must be invoked to explain their dynamics, not following a simple neutral inheritance in the fiddler-crab evolution.


e12064Background: Data on long-term cardiovascular effects and safety of aromatase inhibitors (AI) are limited and conflicting. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of AI on vascular injury as assessed by peripheral endothelial function among women with breast cancer. Methods: This is an observational, prospective study of 96 postmenopausal women with breast cancer at initiation of treatment, with or without AI. All participants underwent baseline and 6-12 months follow up non-invasive peripheral endothelial function measurement. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was measured using the EndoPAT test. The primary endpoint was endothelial function deterioration of at least 20% between baseline and follow-up. Results: Mean age of the study population was 66±7 years. There was no statistical difference in demographic data between the groups. Compared with the control group, more women in the treatment group demonstrated worsening of RHI (53% vs. 42%, p = 0.207) between baseline and 6-12 mon...


Many glimpses into what might be called library philosophy are scattered throughout the literatures of library history and library and information science, but none has coalesced as yet. Conversely, theories relative to the operation of libraries, rather than relative to why its operations are necessary in the first place, are exceedingly abundant. Not surprisingly, fundamental misunderstandings are shared among public, scholar, and librarian about what the library is and why it exists. Adapting the work of Kenneth Boulding, Osburn presents a cogent, well substantiated explanation of why the library refuses to cede its position as a cultural icon; and how it not only continues but flourishes throughout the trials and errors of civilization. The written record of the human race, as we find it in the great libraries, is a precious heritage of communication and profoundly affects the content of what we have to communicate about. Indeed, we stand on the shoulders of the past through its records. -Kenneth Boulding. On the one hand, the concept of a library reflects a rational social process, its genesis and survival the result of each succeeding generation embracing the same core values as the one before. At the same time, practice in the library is bounded by both the experiences and expectations of the public, and our choice and treatment of topic in our scholarly and professional literature. Not surprisingly, fundamental misunderstandings are shared among public, scholar, and librarian about what the library is and why it exists. Adapting the work of Kenneth Boulding, Charles Osburn presents a cogent, well substantiated explanation of why the library refuses to cede its position as a cultural icon; and how it not only continues but flourishes throughout the trials and errors of civilization.


The invention relates to a process for producing thin porous molded body of silicone compound S, wherein in a first step a solution or suspension of silicone compound S or output silicone compound SA in a mixture of solvents L1 and L2 solvent is formed, in a second step, the solution or suspension is placed in a mold, S is removed in a third step solvent L1 from the solution or suspension to the solubility of the silicone compound is not reached in the mixture of solvent S1 and solvent L2, wherein a rich silicone compound S A phase and a poor on silicone compound S phase B forms and structure formation takes place through the phase A and the solvent L2 and L1 residues of the solvent are removed in a fourth step, wherein, if the silicone compound S is formed from starting silicone compound SA, this is done in one or more steps selected from the first, second and third step. Also subject of the invention, the molded body obtainable by the process and their use.


The characteristics and functional subsystems of business analytic systems (BAS) are analyzed. They represent a class of information-analytical systems based on Business Analytics intelligent technologies (BA). BA-technologies are a set of interrelated components: data store, on-line analytical processing (OLAP) and data mining (DM). BA-technology is the development of Business Intelligence (BI) technology which has a more complete use of the component based on the concept of knowledge, reasoning and logical conclusions. The functional subsystems of BAS: data entry, electronic information resources (EIR), the analysis and evaluation of information and situations (AIS) are considered. A distinctive feature of EIR and BAS is the integration of database, knowledge and control software. The features and interconnection of data warehouses technology, OLAP and DM in the organization of functioning EIR, OLAP, DM subsystems are described. Control function of EIR is also considered.


ABSTRACT
 In many mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations, recruitment of fawns drives population dynamics. The quality of food available to females and their fawns in summer and autumn may play an important role in fawn recruitment. We examined direct links between digestible energy (DE) content of food and the DE intake of females on the nutrient concentration of milk and between the nursing behavior, DE intake, growth, and survival in captive mule deer fawns. We offered females and their fawns diets that simulated the natural decline in DE content of forage from mid-summer to late autumn in many western landscapes. Fawns fed a higher DE diet weighed 14% more at the onset of winter, had fewer unsuccessful nursing attempts, consumed milk with more protein and energy, and had higher survival than fawns fed a low DE diet. Differences between fawn performances among treatments were greatest when diet quality began decreasing earlier in the summer. Because our results indicate that summer and autumn nutrition is likely to influence fawn recruitment, wildlife biologists should include metrics for summer precipitation and late autumn fawn mass in population models, and land managers should focus on methods for improving the nutritional carrying capacity of summer and early autumn habitats.


This research study attempts to answer questions regarding how low-income students hear about college and financial aid information and what the impact of this information is on their college opportunity. Findings from a student survey of 11th and 12th graders in seven Southern California low-income high schools illustrate that low-income students make sense of this information within their school culture, perceptions of college affordability, and family backgrounds. Results suggest that college- and financial aid-related information as a means to create college opportunity is not having the impact it should for low-income students.


Family studies are a powerful tool for quantifying the extent to which genetic factors contribute to variation among individuals and for exploring the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. They can also be used to study shared genetic effects across traits, providing clues about etiological pathways. In PNAS, Athanasiadis et al. (1) describe what is one of the largest human family studies to date, including over 6 million individuals who form over 48 million pairs of relatives spanning as many as six generations. They achieved this massive feat by drawing parent–child relationships from the Danish Civil Registration System and connecting overlapping sets of parents and children to identify siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins to build large family trees. This pedigree information was then combined with records from the national health care system to score each individual for the presence or absence of medical disorders in 10 major categories (Fig. 1). The resource built by Athanasiadis et al. (1) is extremely flexible and will facilitate numerous future genetic studies of both rare and common disorders. In this introductory paper, the authors have used it to examine the relative strength of genetic effects (i.e., heritability) on general categories of disorders and the overlap in genetic effects between disorders (i.e., genetic correlation). They also explored how these effects changed over time. This analysis had several uncommon features that complement what we know from other studies. First, we typically estimate heritability for a single disorder at a time. It is less common to estimate heritability for general categories of disorders, such as any urogenital disorder or any gastrointestinal disorder. Often, we are concerned with maximizing the genetic signal for gene localization by ensuring that we have a single diagnostic entity, which will hopefully reduce Danish Civil Registration System


ANOREXIA NERVOSA IS A SEVERE,TREATMENT-RESISTANT illness primarily affecting women. It has one of the highest all-cause mortalities, and the highest suicide rate of any psychiatric illness. Restriction of food intake, refusal to maintain adequate body weight, and disturbed thinking about food, weight, and body image are hallmarks of this illness. A prominent associated feature is profoundambivalenceabout therapeuticefforts (whethernutritional, psychological, or pharmacological) aimed at weight restoration. In addition to the classic pattern of extreme food restriction, a subset of patients also report binge eating and purgingbehaviors (the"binge-purgesubtype").Co-occurring psychopathologyiscommon,especiallydepression,obsessivecompulsive disorder, and other anxiety disorders. In severely malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa, nutritional rehabilitation with weight restoration is the cornerstone of treatment, and this intervention often requires hospitalization. Psychotherapy is also a regular part of treatment. Preliminary evidence supports use of a specific familybased psychotherapy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa who still reside at home; effective alternative psychotherapies for adolescents have not yet been determined. For adults with anorexia nervosa there is some evidence supporting the use of cognitive behavioral therapy, and other potential psychotherapies for adults are in development. Psychopharmacology is also a common treatment strategy, although the evidence base for psychopharmacologic approaches for anorexia nervosa is quite limited. The existing literature on pharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa is modest in size and striking for the diversity of medications that have been studied. Agents as diverse as lithium, various antipsychotics, cyproheptadine, tricyclic antidepressants, and tetrahydrocannabinol have been examined with generally negative results in small trials. This wide diversity of agents is clearly an indication of the remarkable challenges inherent in treating individuals who have anorexia nervosa, and also reflects the generally negative results to date in pharmacotherapy trials for this illness. Recently, there has been much interest in the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for acute treatment and relapse prevention in anorexia nervosa. Trials of acute treatment (ie, while patients are still at low weight) with fluoxetine have failed to demonstrate clinical benefit. Modestsized studies of fluoxetine for anorexia nervosa relapse prevention (after an initial weight gain) have shown both positive (n=35) and negative (n=33) results. In this issue of JAMA, Walsh and colleagues report the results of a placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in the relapse prevention treatment of anorexia nervosa. Participants were 93 women aged 16 to 45 years who were completing multimodal inpatient or day hospital treatment and had weight restoration to a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of at least 19.0. The patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or fluoxetine, with a dosage goal of 60 mg/d (with decreases permitted for adverse effects and an increase to 80 mg/d permitted for clinical deterioration). A total of 12 months of treatment was provided, during which time all patients also received cognitive behavioral therapy. Relapse was defined as weight loss to a body mass index less than 16.5 or development of medical complications or imminent suicide risk or the onset of another severe psychiatric disorder. The results of the trial by Walsh et al did not support efficacy for fluoxetine in relapse prevention for anorexia nervosa. Response to fluoxetine was not different from placebo, whether measured in time-to-relapse, percentage of patients maintaining a body mass index of 18.5 or higher, or the percentage of patients meeting modified Morgan-Russell criteria for at least fair outcome (Morgan-Russell criteria provide a slightly broader assessment of anorexia nervosa treatment outcome, extending beyond simple weight restoration). Responsebysubtypeofanorexianervosa(restrictingvsbingepurge) was also examined. The authors note that since a previous fluoxetine trial with positive findings enrolled only participantswith therestrictingsubtypeofanorexianervosa, perhaps this subtype would respond to fluoxetine. In addition, given the efficacy of fluoxetine for purging in bulimia nervosa, patients with the purging subtype of anorexia nervosamighthavebeenexpected tohave faredbetterwith fluoxetine. However, analyses by subtype did not affect the results. Premature study termination, mainly due to treatment failures and patient-initiated withdrawals, was common, but the rate of premature termination did not differ between fluoxetineand placebo-treated patients. A variety of secondary outcomes were examined, including measures of eat-


We scrutinized the reaction mechanism of CO2 methanation catalyzed by a Pd-MgO/SiO2 catalyst. Density functional theory studies showed that MgO and Pd nanoparticles play completely different roles. We found that MgO initiates the reaction by binding a CO2 molecule, forming a magnesium carbonate species on the surface, and that a supply of atomic H is essential for further hydrogenation of magnesium carbonate to methane. A CO2temperature-programmed desorption study gives credence to our findings on the role of MgO. Our results confirm the bifunctional mechanism of CO2 methanation by a Pd-MgO/SiO2 catalyst.


This paper investigates self assessment using dual scaling which is a descriptive, optimal, non linear multidimensional and multivariate method that may be used to analyze nonlinear multivariate data 'very effectively and exhaustively'. Self assessment was defined as 'the involvement of students in identifying standards and/or criteria to apply to their work and making judgements about the extent to which they have met these criteria and standards'. The participants for the study comprised 515 high school students (approximately aged 14-16 years old), representing more than a quarter (25.2%) of the school leaving cohort under study. Two hundred and thirty three were males. All participants were engaged in the same programme of studies. Dual scaling accounted for individual differences instead of averaging out responses and facilitated the examination and judgement of unexpected 'attitude' categories. The effect of individual differences in a study of this kind is important because fundamental variations among and between individuals are often obscured by averaging. Observations have implications for research where individual differences are important.


Objective
To investigate the value of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the diagnosis and risk assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
A cross-sectional study and multistage stratified random sampling method were performed in epidemiological survey. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 3 312 individuals were enrolled and divided into NAFLD group (913 cases) and non-NAFLD group (2 399 cases). The serum lipid levels were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the value of HDL-C in the diagnosis of NAFLD. The binary logistic regression models were established based on HDL-C level.The differences in liver function indexes were compared among the research objects with different HDL-C levels.T test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for statistical analysis.

Results
The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of NAFLD group were all higher than those of non-NAFLD group ((5.24±0.92) mmol/L vs.(4.98±0.92) mmol/L, (1.95±1.41) mmol/L vs.(1.13±0.68) mmol/L, (3.31±0.84) mmol/L vs.(3.09±0.84) mmol/L), and the differences were statistically significant (t=-7.29, -22.38 and -6.84, all P<0.01). However the serum HDL-C level of NAFLD group was lower than that of non-NAFLD group((1.30±0.33) mmol/L vs.(1.64±0.40) mmol/L), and the difference was statistically significant (t=24.93, P<0.01). The incidence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia and hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia of NAFLD group was 48.0%(438/913), 44.8%(409/913), 31.0%(283/913) and 82.8%(756/913), respectively, which were significantly higher than that of non-NAFLD group (36.8%, 882/2 399; 13.2%, 317/2 399; 10.5%, 251/2 399; 71.8%, 1 723/2 399), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=34.65, 385.43, 206.18 and 42.37, all P<0.01). Using the cut-off values of HDL-C≤1.66 mmol/L in female and≤1.33 mmol/L in male, the area under curve (AUC) values for NAFLD diagnosis were 0.720(95% confidence interval (CI) 0.693 to 0.747) and 0.708 (95%CI 0.679 to 0.737), respectively, the sensitivity was 79.1% and 76.6%, and the specificity was 55.0%and 54.6%. The results of binary logistic regression models based on HDL-C level indicated that prevalence of NAFLD in female with low HDL-C was 4.584 times (95%CI 3.530 to 5.940, P<0.01) higher than that in female with high HDL-C; the prevalence of NAFLD in male with low HDL-C was 3.898 times (95%CI 3.020 to 5.030, P<0.01) higher than that of male with high HDL-C. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of low HDL-C group were all higher than those of high HDL-C group (20.10 U/L, 14.40 U/L to 29.40 U/L vs. 16.80 U/L, 12.70 U/L to 23.00 U/L; 19.20 U/L, 16.00 U/L to 23.70 U/L vs. 19.00 U/L, 16.00 U/L to 22.17 U/L; 22.00 U/L, 14.00 U/L to 34.00 U/L vs. 15.00 U/L, 11.00 U/L to 23.00 U/L and 71.00 U/L, 59.00 U/L to 85.00 U/L vs. 66.00 U/L, 55.00 U/L to 82.00 U/L), and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-10.53, -2.20, -14.19 and -5.87, all P<0.05).

Conclusion
The serum HDL-C level is negatively correlated with the risk of NAFLD level, and the NAFLD risk of individuals with low HDL-C level is significantly higher than individuals with high HDL-C level.

Key words:
Cholesterol, HDL; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Risk factors; Anti-inflammation effects


Nursing homes are the quintessential example of vital service captivity. Consumers need vital services when they can no longer fulfil their basic needs on their own and their only choice is to delegate them to the market (e.g. care services for long-term and chronic illnesses, eating assistance at mealtimes). The service is referred to as 'captive' because older people are generally unwilling to use it, and when they have to, their options are limited. For elderly consumers, there is 'no exit possible', and as such they must integrate the service into their sense of self. The paper aims to (1) identify strategies for coping with vital service captivity and (2) present the identity negotiation mechanisms that lead people to choose one strategy over another. The study was conducted over a 6-month period in three nursing homes. Data collection includes semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participant observations, and micro-interviews with consumers – elderly residents and their families – and nursing home staff. Its main contribution is to highlight that coping with vital service captivity is a differential process. Consumers implement multiple coping strategies simultaneously, and these strategies are linked to three areas: routinization, socialization, and assimilation of a new social status. Moreover, implementing coping strategies means striking a balance between 'disengagement' and 'engagement' that not only takes into account former life trajectory, future prospects, and social comparisons, but also any changes in physical or cognitive skills and family support. Understanding these coping strategies and identity negotiation mechanisms highlights some unintended consequences on residents' well-being, such as the importance of standardizing how the service is organized because it provides a stable framework, or the importance given to the well-being of all stakeholders (other consumers, staff) as a result of the community living situation.


AJR 2015; 204:W375 0361–803X/15/2043–W375 © American Roentgen Ray Society Reply to "Upper Extremity Trauma Radiographs" We thank Dr. Hall [1] for his comments on our recent AJR article, "Misses and Errors in Upper Extremity Trauma Radiographs" [2]. We agree that an elbow effusion in the setting of recent trauma is highly suggestive of a fracture even if it is not clearly seen on radiographs. It has been our experience, however, that finding the location of the fracture (typically the radial head in the adult population) is useful to the referring physician and patient for two reasons: It gives a definitive diagnosis, and it avoids having the patient undergo further imaging and its additional cost as well as, in the case of radiography and CT, additional radiation. Given these reasons, we believe that the Greenspan and Norman [3] view is useful and should be included in the imaging assessment of the patient suspected of a radial fracture. It is indeed correct that the anatomy of the talus is similar to that of the scaphoid in terms of having a tenuous blood supply. We also agree that the scaphoid view description should state 45° of tube "angulation" rather than "extension." Lastly, we agree with Dr. Hall [1] that the 25% miss rate of perilunate dislocation on initial radiographs seems high and not likely representative of current radiographic diagnostic performance. Soterios Gyftopoulos Munish Chitkara Jenny Bencardino NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY


This study aims to determine the discourse formation process in Ratu Utama teachings in the old Javanese manuscript Serat Sruti Jarwa that contain a discourse on the power of a Javanese king to gain cultural legitimacy. This research is a descriptive qualitative study use a cultural studies research model on discourse from Michel Foucault. According to Foucault's theory, the discourse of knowledge through Serat Sruti Jarwa made by the authorities then understood by the reader will form a control of power because of the acceptance of the truth of knowledge in the teachings of hegemonic literary works. The aim of controlling the production of discourse can strengthen Javanese kings power and protect it from various threats and attempts to weaken it.


The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of Napoleona imperialis stem bark. Methods: Extractions and Phytochemical analysis of Napoleona imperialis stem bark were done using standard procedures. Result: Aqueous Napoleona imperialis stem bark extract had yield of 76.9g (7.69%) and methanol Napoleona imperialis stem bark extract also yielded 58.5g (5.85%) when 1000g pulverized was used for each. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of this extract exhibited moderate quantities of alkaloid, steroid and terpenoid in aqueous extract while methanol extract had flavonoid, saponin and tannin also in moderate quantities. Scanty quantities of flavonoid, saponin, cardiac glycoside and tannin were seen in aqueous extract so also, scanty quantities of alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside were seen in methanol extract. The quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals was carried out twice and the average taken. Phenol had a concentration of 1.173mg/kg, Steroids had 0.623mg/kg, Terpenoid had 3.031mg/kg, Flavonoid showed 58.240mg/kg, Saponin had 13.190mg/kg, Alkaloid had 13.530mg/kg, Cardiac glycoside with 3.910mg/kg, Phytate showed 2.320mg/kg, Tannin had 52.500mg/kg and Hydrogen cyanide showed13.500mg/kg. This research proves that Napoleona imperialis contains some phytochemicals that are useful for mankind and also the part of this plant extracts exhibit medicinal properties.


Background: Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary renal basement membrane disease that can lead to end-stage renal disease in young adults. It can be diagnosed by genetic analysis, being mostly caused by mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5. To date, there is no radical cure for this disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to avoid the transmission of AS within an affected family by selecting healthy embryos for uterine transfer. The embryos were identified by preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M). Methods: We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify mutations in the proband and his parents. The results of NGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Targeted NGS combined with targeted single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping was used for the in vitro identification of COL4A5 mutations in human embryos to prevent their intergenerational transmission. Results: The c.349_359delGGACCTCAAGG and c.360_361insTGC mutations in COL4A5 were identified in a family affected by X-linked AS. Whole-genome sequencing by NGS with targeted haplotyping was performed on biopsied trophectoderm cells. A healthy baby was born after transfer of a single freeze-thawed blastocyst. Conclusions: The use of targeted NGS for identifying diagnostic markers combined with targeted haplotyping is an easy and efficient PGT-M method for preventing intergenerational transmission of AS.


Of the many factors influencing fracturing technology, the rheological property of fracturing fluid is most important. It determines the stability, suspension and friction of fracturing fluid. The various kinds of the fracturing fluid being used at present, the methods of predicting friction loss under the simulated wellbore condition and of predicting the hydraulic performance and rheological property of practuring fluids by the simulated data are introduced in this paper. It is held that the studies of the elastic behavour and dynamic performance of fracturing fluids and the transmission and subsidence of proppants under performance condition lack depth. It is suggested that the chemical property and constitution of fracturing fluids should be studied further, and that the modeling procedure for the study of the dynamic performance of fracturing fluids should be perfected.


Results are developed for optimal quantization with combined entropy and log codebook size constraints, including high rate characterizations of distortion, entropy, codebook size, and quantizer point density functions.


One of the critical aspects of the geo-historical cartography's criticism is that it has followed a course of ethnic clean-up. The cartography is a "discourse of power", where the silence concerning the minorities or oppressed populations is recurrent. The maps used in the schools, especially in rural areas, do not depict the traditional people: indigenous, Ribeirinhos, Caicaras, maroons, fishers, small farmers, and so on. A less Eurocentric approach of the historical cartography was discussed after 1945, but it could not reach the local population. The people move, build up cities, but they are not cartographically visualized in them. It is well-timed to point out these invisibilities from the traditional people, for instance, the maroons from Tabacaria and the indigenous people Xucurus-Kariris in the city of Palmeira dos Indios in the federal state of Alagoas. The negation of the cartography from the indigenous people and the maroons in the cities where they co-exist is the negation of the history of the city. It is necessary to produce and to spread social cartography about the territorial conflicts, about the indigenous and maroons' territorial matters which come up daily, about the fight from different people in all the territory on the federal state of Alagoas. We understand that is necessary that researchers are aware of this issue to finish this legal, cartographical, and political invisibility of the traditional people and they invest their efforts in another cartography: a social cartography, where the local population is visible, localized and discussed inside the city planning, in the curricular content, in the life of the city, building geography which remove the "oblivion" condition given by geo-historians of the three estates' writing.


Artemis Chasma is an arcuate, 2000-km-diameter zone of convergence and lithospheric underthrusting on Venus. Inelastic flexure modeling of the topography at Artemis, combined with observations of trench tectonics, allow us to document local temperature gradients below 4 K km−1 and an immense compressive in-plane force at the trench. Lithospheric rheology on Venus may be stronger than would be predicted from conventional extrapolations of rock mechanics experiments; in particular, the brittle surface strength must reach a few tens of megapascals to satisfy the observed lack of flexurally induced surface faulting. Elastic plate bending models provide an adequate estimate of the bending moment at Artemis, but they fail to constrain—or even recognize—the in-plane force. The inelastic analysis implies an in-plane force of the order of −1 × 1014 N m−1; a potential driving force is thermal thinning of regionally thick lithosphre in the highlands to the north. The low heat flux at Artemis, which is a comparatively young structure, is compatible with the notion that Venus has experienced a prolonged period of cooling in the last several hundred million years. The inference of such exceptionally low thermal gradients embraces three end-member possibilities: (1) the surface age is >600 Ma, (2) the lithospheric thermal age is greater than the surface age, and/or (3) the upper mantle temperature is anomalously low (∼1550 K).


Abstract 1.1. Experiences with streptomycin therapy in twelve hundred patients with infections treated in U. S. Army Hospitals have been presented. 2.2. The wide variation in sensitivity of bacterial species to streptomycin emphasizes the importance of checking the causative organisms in the laboratory for their susceptibility prior to therapy wherever possible. The cardinal principles which govern in the various fields of medicine and surgery must be fulfilled in conjunction with the chemotherapeutic program. Failure of the host to kill small numbers of resistant organisms, or the presence initially of many resistant forms, will result in ineffective drug therapy in many instances and in the persistence of drug-fast bacteria. Drug-fastness to streptomycin is specific and is not carried over to other chemotherapeutic agents. 3.3. Present indications for the drug include gram-negative urinary tract infections, tularemia, bacteriemia, pneumonia, and meningitis due to susceptible organisms, and certain otolaryngologic conditions associated with gram-negative bacteria. 4.4. Bacterial pneumonitides caused by streptomycin-susceptible organisms are likely to show good responses to streptomycin therapy. Results in bronchiectasis and empyema have not been spectacular. 5.5. In limited experience, acute brucellosis with bacteriemia was favorably influenced when streptomycin was given in combination with sulfadiazine. The drug is of no value in "chronic" brucellosis. 6.6. Results in typhoid fever have not been encouraging. 7.7. Streptomycin shows promise in the treatment of bacillary dysentery refractory to sulfonamides and in some types of Salmonella infection. It may be influential in bringing about a remission in active idiopathic ulcerative colitis with severe secondary infection caused by susceptible organisms. The drug is not useful against amoebic colitis. 8.8. Striking results have been obtained with streptomycin therapy in a few patients with early diffuse peritonitis, but the most consistent beneficial effects were noted when the streptomycin was given in combination with penicillin. 9.9. Streptomycin is complementary to penicillin in the surgical management of wound infections, and may be of value in certain lesions heavily infected with fecal organisms. 10.10. A general statement has been made relative to the preliminary results of streptomycin therapy in tuberculosis. 11.11. The incidence and type of untoward reactions encountered in this series have been presented. It is concluded that the toxicity of presently available streptomycin is sufficiently low to justify its use in serious infections against which it has been shown to be effective.


Abstract. A new normal-conducting, CW, thermocathode RF gun has been developed and tested recently at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Providing an average current of up to 100 mA, this device will be used to upgrade the injector of the Novosibirsk FEL facility. Simulation of beam dynamics in the RF gun and its beamline was performed, the space-charge forces taken into account. Comparison of the simulation results and experimental measurements is presented in this paper.


We theoretically investigate the influence of the Van der Waals interaction on the two-photon blockade phenomenon with the corresponding photon correlation functions g (2)(0) > 1 and g (3)(0) < 1 in a two-atom cavity-QED system, where two three-level ladder-type atoms are coherently driven by a pumping field and a coupling field simultaneously. Choosing a specific frequency of the coupling field, we show the energy splitting phenomenon caused by electromagnetically induced transparency. Correspondingly, the two-photon blockade phenomenon can be achieved near the two-photon resonant frequency. Using the Van der Waals interaction between the Rydberg states of the two atoms, we also show that the two-photon blockade can be improved when two atoms radiate in-phase or out-of-phase. As a result, two photons leak from the cavity simultaneously, but the third photon is blockaded. These results presented in this study hold potential applications in manipulating photon states and generating nonclassical light sources.


This thesis analyzes the reasons why the interests of minority shareholders in listed companies are infringed.The main reasons are the excessively-concentrated equity of a corporate enterprise,the organizational investors' opportunist tendency,decentralized equity of minority shareholders,excessive cost for acquiring information and ineffectiveness of independent directors and board of supervisors.Based on this analysis,it presents some strategies for revising the equity structure of listed companies,deciding the government's policy orientation,intensifying the independence of the board of supervisors and strengthening the revelation system of accounting information.


The volatility of liquid electrolytes has been a major problem for their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this study, liquid electrolyte was replaced by polymer based gel electrolyte. Polyvinyl alcohol is chosen as the polymeric matrix to gelate the liquid electrolyte with iodide-triiodide redox couple and suitable organic solvent. The amorphous nature and the physical cross linking formed between polymerpolymer and polymer-solvent is analyzed from XRD and FT-IR. Cell was fabricated and characterization was done. I-V and EIS measurements of the cell was taken. Easy fabrication and its advantages over liquid electrolyte makes gel electrolyte a promising alternative for liquid electrolyte.


By the first third of the 15th century, the use of war wagons on the Eastern and Central European battlefields was raised to a new level by the hussite rebels. The vehicle was adapted by the Hungarian Kingdom, as well, and there are sources containing evidences for its use in the late 16th century. Though, the rebels' warfare is rich in bibliography, the structure of the wagon is barely known. This article aims to give a detailed account on the structure of the vehicle, and on the difference between a "civilian" and a war wagon.


Fluid bed reactors have been extensively used in chemical processes due to their high heat transfer efficiency (Kunii & Levenspiel, 1991). Typical examples are ironmaking blast furnace which involves complicated multiphase flow, heat transfer and chemical reactions in a packed bed (Omori, 1987; Dong et al., 2007), and fluidized bed combustors whose performance heavily depends on the hydrodynamics and thermal-chemical behavior of particles in interaction with gas (Avedesia & Davidson, 1973; Oka, 2004). To achieve optimal design and control of such a fluid bed reactor, it is important to understand the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The thermal behaviour of packed beds with a stagnant or dynamic fluid has been extensively investigated experimentally and theoretically in the past decades. Many empirical correlations have been formulated to determine the heat transfer coefficient (HTC), as respectively reviewed by various investigators (Botterill, 1975; Wakao & Kaguei, 1982; Kunii & Levenspiel, 1991; Molerus & Wirth, 1997). Those studies and resulting formulations are mainly macroscopic, focused on the overall heat transfer behaviour. They are very useful to the estimation of the thermal behaviour of process designs. Physical experiments usually experience difficulty in quantifying the heat transfer mechanisms at a particle level identified many years ago (for example, Yagi & Kunii, 1957). To overcome this difficulty, in recent years, heat transfer behaviour in a fluidized bed at a microscopic, particle scale has been examined experimentally (Prins et al., 1985; Baskakov et al., 1987; Agarwal, 1991; Parmar & Hayhurst, 2002; Collier et al., 2004; Scott et al., 2004). In such a study, the transient temperature of a hot sphere immersed in the bed is measured using an attached thermocouple, and then its HTC can be determined. Such particle scale studies are useful but have limitations in exploring the fundamentals. For example, the heat transfer to a particle should be described by at least three mechanisms, e.g. convection from fluid, conduction from particles or wall, and radiation. However, the contribution of each of these mechanisms is difficult to quantify. Moreover, the heat transfer of a particle will be strongly affected by the local gas-solid flow structure, and hence varies spatially and temporally. The information derived for a single particle may not be reliable because of the difficulty in quantifying such local structures in a particle bed.


There are many web sites that allow people to play board or card games against other human players. These sites offer tools and opportunities for social interaction, but little is known about how people really interact on these sites. To learn more about social dynamics on game sites, we analysed three months of log files from a large site to explore three themes: permanence (whether people formed a long-term association with the site); social interaction (in terms of shared activity and verbal communication); and formation of ties (whether people made contacts with others). Our analyses showed that while the site seems very social when we consider gameplay, the population was highly transient, and people talked very little. To explain these behaviours, we suggest that games and game-based activity should be considered as a legitimate form of human interaction. Our analysis provides new information and new ways of thinking about how game environments can be designed to support many kinds of sociability.


In qualitative methods, there are various approaches that can be used to answer particular social questions, for example ethnography and case study. Two studies conducted by different researchers in China and Australia using these approaches were described and analysed in order to find out their similarities and differences in terms of philosophical and methodological perspectives, in the hope that it will provide an insightful contribution to a critical review of ethnography and case study reports. It is found that the ethnograpic study in China was clasiffied in ethnographic fieldwork, whereas the case study conducted in Australia was categorised in explanatory, multi-cases study. Furthermore, these two studies produced different knowledge within the field of education. The first study revealed that basic education were related to literacy, numeracy, and cultural characteristics of China, whereas the study conducted in Australia offered statistical data that can be used to explain minority languages maintenance program in Wollongong-Shellharbour. In relation to their methodoligal practices, however, focus group discussion and interview conducted in Zhejiang Province, China produced irrelevant data and those had been held in Wollongong, Australia, had limited participants.


Purpose – To provide students and academia with an opportunity to gain an understanding of recent trends and issues regarding the application service providers (ASP) market.Design/methodology/approach – A range of recently published (1999‐2003) works, which provide practical issues, is reviewed to explore the existing pricing models, selecting an ASP and risk/rewards associated with ASPs.Findings – Provides guidance to businesses in selecting an ASP in terms of key questions to be asked and discusses the importance of selecting reliable ASPs. It also recognizes key areas academia should emphasize in teaching students outsourcing of IT.Research limitations/implications – It is not an extensive study of the issues and trends of ASPs. The paper does not review in detail the impact of outsourcing on organizational participants, which perhaps limits its usefulness in a complex business world.Practical implications – A very useful source of information for businesses making outsourcing decisions. The paper prov...


The toxicity (rat, acute, oral LD50) of a set of 50 amides that serve as herbicides is modeled using the electrotopological state indices (E‐state) with multiple linear regression. A five‐variable model produces sound statistics: r2 = 0.75, s = 0.23. The cross‐validation statistics indicate a model useful for prediction: r2press = 0.65, spress = 0.27. Further, a set of nine compounds was set aside for testing the model. The mean absolute error for the test set is MAE = 0.27, supporting the claim that the model may be used for prediction. Structure interpretation is given for each variable so that the model may be used to assist in design of molecules with lower toxicity.


Thank you very much for downloading dyslexia and literacy theory and practice. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this dyslexia and literacy theory and practice, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop. dyslexia and literacy theory and practice is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the dyslexia and literacy theory and practice is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Abstract Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry has been applied for trace metal determination in a myriad of sample types. However, the detection of nonmetals is a challenge. For example, the high excitation energies associated with most nonmetals is a barrier for populating the excited state of these elements. Even in the presence of sufficient excitation energy, the principal resonance lines for nonmetals usually lie in the vacuum ultraviolet region, where atmospheric species like oxygen and water vapor absorb the radiation. Several nonmetals (nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon) are also present in the atmosphere, so contamination or background emission signals can hinder quantification. A common approach to solving these problems is to increase throughput by purging the optical path with an inert gas. In addition, unnecessary mirrors or lenses are eliminated when possible. This review provides a survey of the applications of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in the vacuum ultraviolet region, with particular emphasis on the detection of sulfur, phosphorus, iodine, and carbon. The alternative of employing nonresonance lines for these elements in the near-infrared region is discussed briefly as well.


Small and medium-sized enterprises face many problems such as the lack of capital,talent shortage,and low informationzation degree.To solve the informationzation problem and let enterprises be more competitive,this paper presents a flexible business intelligence platform based on multi-agent for small and medium-sized enterprises.This platform implements the core functions for these enterprises' informationzation.by simply program the platformming and make it applicable to different enterprises.This platform can make the decision making process more rational through the using of data mining and OLAP;it also solves the problems of the legacy system and the system extension of these enterprises.


Wireless communication technology is now popular worldwide and has made mobile communication very attractive and in high demand. For higher data rates to meet the ever increasing demands in mobile communications, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has been standardized as the 4G communication systems. MIMO, a wireless communication system which utilises multiple antennas at both sides of the transmission link, has received high attention in the last few decades due to its ability to achieve high data rate transmission. Several papers have presented different techniques in the implementation of MIMO wireless systems which include diversity methods. Physical diversity is one of these methods that is well known and can be used to combat multipath fading, a common problem in wireless communications. This paper summarizes physical diversity as well as virtual diversity techniques. The paper shows that unlike the former, virtual diversity methods such as co-operative diversity and multiuser diversity are techniques that are implementable at the network or link layer of a wireless communication system .


A new method for extracting genome DNA preparation of bees was given in the study.DNA extracted by the method had a high purity seen by their OD260/280 value and could be digested by restriction endonuclease absolutely.Large amount of high quality genomic DNA could be obtained rapidly from bees .Using ISSR marker to amplify genome DNA of bees by polymerase chain reaction.The amplified fragment could be observed clearly through agarose gel electrophoresis.The quantity and quality of the DNA extracted by this method is high enough for performing thousands of PCR-based reactions of other DNA manipulation such as restriction digestion,Southern blot and cloning.


Aim: To determine the appropriateness of blood volume in automated blood culture bottles of the
BACT/ALERT 3D system, its effect on isolation rate and time to positivity of pathogens.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in South India from 1st
March 2018 to 31st August 2018. Automated blood culture bottles sent to Microbiology laboratory for
blood culture were included in the study. The bottles were weighted by electronic weighing balance.
The filled blood culture bottles received at microbiology laboratory were re-weighed and was categorized
into appropriately filled and inappropriately filled bottles. Frequency of appropriately filled bottles and
inappropriately filled bottles was expressed in percentage.
Result: A total of 8740 blood culture bottles were included in the study, out of which the blood volume was
found to be suboptimum in 3978 bottles (45.5%), optimum in 3498 bottles (40%) and overfilled in 1264
bottles (14.5%). There was an increase in the number of blood culture bottles with optimum blood volume
from 35.1% in March to 58.12% in August. The average TTP for true pathogens was found to be 16.72
hrs. with optimum blood volume, 17 hrs. with overfilled blood volume and 21.5 hrs. with sub-optimum
blood volume. The isolation rate for true pathogens was found to be 88.62% with optimum blood volume,
86.43% with overfilled blood volume and 70.01% with sub-optimum. The false positive rate was found to
be 4.1% with overfilled blood volume, 1.6%with sub-optimum and 1.4%with optimum blood volume.
Conclusion: Through this study, the correlation between the blood volume with the isolation rate, time to
positivity and false positivity of blood culture isolates was established.

Keywords: Blood culture, Blood volume, BACT/ALERT 3D, Time to positivity, Isolation rate.


Chuannong 4,a wheat variety,was planted in pots with different mercury pollution soils under the continuous applying organic fertilizer to study the effects on mercury form transformation in soil and mercury absorption by wheat.The results showed that the effective mercury content in soil and mercury absorption by wheat stems,leaves and roots decreased with increment of organic fertilizer amount under the same mercury content in soil.The best result of reducing effective mercury content in soil was obtained from the treatment with low mercury content in soil and higher application amount of organic fertilizer.


THE distinction between cedema and sclerema is carefully made and insisted upon by Radcliffe-Crocker, often confused by other authors. The variety now exhibited was difficult to class, for it was essentially an oedema, but there was no lividity, and the skin was waxy-white and smooth. The process, however, was transient in duration, and when the swelling was over the skin seemed but little altered, slight desquamation being present. The patient was a female, aged 6 weeks. The cedematous change had been noticed at first in the feet and legs. then in the forearms and hands, but had not become generalized. The child when shown had a white and solid cedema of both the forearms, which ceased abruptly at the elbow, where there was a definite ridge separating the healthy tissue from the diseased. The legs had by now regained their usual size and aspect. The child, seen four days later, showed no signs of cedema of the forearm or hands, and seemed to be otherwise in fairly good health. There was no reason to suspect syphilis, and she had. not had diarrhoea. Previous cases seen by the exhibitor had invariably ended fatally, but the prognosis in this case seemed favourable.


Purpose of the article to analyse socio-economic changes and features which were caused by the process of industrialization in the USA, define preconditions, stages and consequences of industrialization, in American society. Research methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization are used in research. Scientific novelty. Today, economic issues cannot be considered in isolation without the problems of the industrial sector. We now understand that industrialization is the primary factor in creating an independent and developed domestic market for each country, as the statistics show. Understanding of these high-quality changes, the introduction of industry in the economic sector of the country, can best be seen in the example of the world's most powerful economy - the United States. How this power arose, what this country as a whole and in the region had to go through, what conditions were created for further growth, and what legacy this country has now, we are interested in all this as a fundamental example of building a successful economy. Conclusions. The effects of industrialization have helped the United States raise its status in the international arena by conquering new markets for its own products. Changes also happened in American society which realized it`s status in a world economy and supported such ideas as imperialism but these ideas have taken on a different form from the European model. Structurally, the United States has built a network of clusters that have created points of attraction and economic diversity in different parts of the country


Catadioptric stereo systems, which utilize proper combinations of mirrors and lenses, can be designed to capture stereoscopic video using only one camera. The left and right images are usually multiplexed to generate an interlaced video with each image corresponding to one field. This field-sequential format unavoidably reduces the vertical resolution of the image pair by half. We propose a notion called stereoscopic demultiplexing (SD) to recover the original resolution of the image pairs from the field-sequential video. In order to increase the sharpness of the image and avoid jagged artifacts, interpolation along the edge direction is emphasized and a new edge adaptive interpolation (EAI) approach is proposed. Since resolution of the display technology is higher and better than that of the current catadioptric stereo systems, we believe that further improvement on resolution of the acquisition device by software is necessary to make 3D applications become more economical and popular.


In this book, we present a study on Purification and Characterization of Amylase from Bacillus sp. isolated from Sago factory effluent enriched soil. The α-amylases produced by different Bacillus species vary not only in their types but also in the range of pH and temperature for their optimal activity. The isolated Bacillus sp. were maintained in nutrient agar slants and cultured in a production medium containing soluble starch. The molecular weight of the isolated enzyme was determined as 82 k Da by SDS-PAGE analysis.


Cobalt oxide nanoparticle systems have been prepared by wet chemical processing involving the encapsulation of the nanoparticles by an organic ligand shell (oleic acid and oleylamine). CoO nanoparticles were easily prepared by this method, while the synthesis of the CoPt∕CoO nanocomposites was achieved using a two step polyol process. CoPt nanoparticles were first obtained by simultaneous reduction of cobalt acetate and platinum acetylacetonate and then used as seeds for the growth upon them of cobalt oxide using a second polyol process. The antiferromagnetic CoO nanoparticles, when field cooled to temperatures below 200K, show displacement of the magnetization curves (along the magnetization axis) characteristic of weak ferromagnetism phenomena that are attributed to the uncompensated surface magnetic moments. The transition temperature of the particles is considerably lower than the Neel temperature of CoO and it is followed by an upswing at low temperatures, which is attributed to spins that are loosel...


The authors have previously shown [1] that the casualty criterion for wounds from firearms, particularly the shot penetration, is given by the energy/area of presentation of the missile in question. The impact velocity must exceed that required for penetration of human skin. The threshold velocity for skin penetration by steel spheres is given [2] as 125–170 ft/s. Against this the energy criterion [2–4] alone (which is quoted between 40–100 ft-lb or 5.5–14 m-kg) is misleading and subject to forensic misuse. Likewise, it is imprecisely reported [5,6] that shotguns ordinarily have an effective range of 30–40 yd, ignoring the shot size in question. For forensic purposes, a missile is effective as long as it penetrates into the human body, irrespective of the accuracy of the ammunition. A 12-bore rifled slug is quoted [7] as having an extreme range of 800 yd, and American Eastern Buckshot 0 (equivalent to British shot size SG) a range of under 700 yards. "Whenever a Police weapon is used, the extreme range must be taken into account" [7]. It can be shown that an American Eastern Buckshot 000 (equivalent to British shot size LG) fired from a shotgun with a muzzle velocity of 800 ft/s will have sufficient wounding power (corresponding to energy/area of presentation = 3 m-kg/cm2) even at a distance of ∼200 yd and a threshold value for penetration into human skin at ∼300 yd, vide infra. Obviously, it was of interest to evaluate experimentally the criteria for penetration of human skin by lead shot and the extent of this penetration further into human muscle as a function of energy/area of presentation, E/a, of the missile.


Rokkasho Low-Level Radioactive waste Disposal Center, which buries the low-level radioactive waste produced from nuclear power plants all over Japan, started operation in December, 1992. This report introduces the computer system developed for controlling a tremendous volume of waste disposal-related data which include that for the radioactive-waste containing drums to be buried regarding whether they can satisfy die technical standards for burial, that for die disposal operation such as die positions of drum placement within the facility, etc., that for the environmental monitoring around die disposal site, etc.


In the present paper, we investigate whether an embedding of a decomposition space $\mathcal{D}\left(\mathcal{Q},L^{p},Y\right)$ into a given Sobolev space $W^{k,q}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ exists. As special cases, this includes embeddings into Sobolev spaces of (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) Besov spaces, ($\alpha$)-modulation spaces, shearlet smoothness spaces and also of a large class of wavelet coorbit spaces, in particular of shearlet-type coorbit spaces.
Precisely, we will show that under extremely mild assumptions on the covering $\mathcal{Q}=\left(Q_{i}\right)_{i\in I}$, we have $\mathcal{D}\left(\mathcal{Q},L^{p},Y\right)\hookrightarrow W^{k,q}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ as soon as $p\leq q$ and $Y\hookrightarrow\ell_{u^{\left(k,p,q\right)}}^{q^{\triangledown}}\left(I\right)$ hold. Here, $q^{\triangledown}=\min\left\{ q,q'\right\} $ and the weight $u^{\left(k,p,q\right)}$ can be easily computed, only based on the covering $\mathcal{Q}$ and on the parameters $k,p,q$.
Conversely, a necessary condition for existence of the embedding is that $p\leq q$ and $Y\cap\ell_{0}\left(I\right)\hookrightarrow\ell_{u^{\left(k,p,q\right)}}^{q}\left(I\right)$ hold, where $\ell_{0}\left(I\right)$ denotes the space of finitely supported sequences on $I$.
All in all, for the range $q \in (0,2]\cup\{\infty\}$, we obtain a complete characterization of existence of the embedding in terms of readily verifiable criteria. We can also completely characterize existence of an embedding of a decomposition space into a BV space.


Surface exposure dating using cosmic-ray-produced nuclides has been applied to determine the age of thousands of landforms produced by alpine glaciers in mountain areas worldwide. These data are potentially an extensive, easily accessible, and globally distributed paleoclimate record. In particular, exposure-dated glacier chronologies are commonly applied to study the dynamics of massive, abrupt climate changes characteristic of the transition between the Last Glacial Maximum and the present interglacial climate. This article reviews developments in exposure dating from the perspective of whether this goal is achievable and concludes that ( a) individual exposure-dated landforms cannot, in general, be associated with millennial-scale climate events at high confidence, but ( b) dating uncertainties appear to be geographically and temporally unbiased, so the data set as a whole can be used to gain valuable insight into regional and global paleoclimate dynamics. Future applications of exposure-age chronologies of glacier change should move away from reliance on individual dated landforms and toward synoptic analysis of the global data set. ▪  Mountain glaciers worldwide leave a geologic record of their past advances and retreats, which reflect past climate changes. ▪  Geochemical dating methods based on cosmic-ray-produced nuclides have been used to date these deposits at thousands of sites worldwide. ▪  This data set is potentially an extensive, accessible, and globally distributed paleoclimate record.


The main goal of this paper is to introduce and look into some of the fundamental properties of weakly e-continuous functions defined via e- open sets introduced by E. Ekici (On e-open sets, DP � -sets and DPE � - sets and decompositions of continuity, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 33(2A), 269-281, 2008). Some characterizations and several properties concern- ing weakly e-continuous functions are obtained. The concept of weak e-continuity is weaker than both the weak continuity introduced by N. Levine (A decomposition of continuity in topological spaces, Amer. Math. Monthly 68, 44-46, 1961) and the e-continuity introduced by Ekici, but stronger than weak �-continuity introduced by Popa and Noiri (Weakly �-continuous functions, An. Univ. Timis. Ser. Mat.- Inform. 32(2), 83-92, 1994). In order to investigate some different properties we introduce the concept of e-strongly closed graphs and also investigate relationships between weak e-continuity and separation axioms, and e-strongly closed graphs and covering properties.


Background. Lifestyle intervention programs after bariatric surgery have been suggested to maximise health outcomes. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and impact of an 8-week combined supervised exercise with nutritional-behavioral intervention following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Methods. Eight female patients (44 ± 8 years old, BMI = 38.5 ± 7.2 kgm−2) completed the program. Before and after intervention, anthropometric measures, six-minute walk test (6MWT), physical activity level, eating behavior, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. Percentage weight loss (%WL) outcomes were compared with a historical matched control group. Results. The program significantly improved functional capacity (mean increment in 6MWT was 127 ± 107 meters, p = 0.043), increased strenuous intensity exercise (44 ± 49 min/week, p = 0.043), increased consumption of fruits and vegetables (p = 0.034), reduced consumption of ready meals (p = 0.034), and improved "Change in Health" in QoL domain (p = 0.039). The intervention group exhibited greater %WL in the 3–12-month postsurgery period compared to historical controls, 12.2 ± 7.5% versus 5.1 ± 5.4%, respectively (p = 0.027). Conclusions. Lifestyle intervention program following bariatric surgery is feasible and resulted in several beneficial outcomes. A large randomised control trial is now warranted.


Quantitative reduction of Cu(II), Ag(I), Au(Ill) and Mo(Vl) in the form of molybdophosphate complex to Cu(I), Ag(O) Au(O) and Mo(V) respectively takes place on tetrachlorohydroquinone column at pH 4 (and 4N with respect to NaCl), in 5 X 10-3 N H:lSO" 3N HCl and at pH 2 respectively. The tetrachloroquinone formed has been estimated by the ascorbic acid method. Quantitative oxidation of Mo(V) to Mo(VI) takes place on tetrachloroquinone column In 5N H'Cl, The tetrachlorohydroquinone formed has been estimated by the dichromate method.


Canada's metropolitan regions have developed transportation governance and funding frameworks in response to their unique historical, geographical and jurisdictional contexts. Local conditions such as transportation demand, geography, growth rates, legislation and regulations vary considerably. However, a common theme among metropolitan areas is an ongoing effort to adapt transportation governance and financial arrangements to address current and future transportation needs in a fair and sustainable manner. The Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) has previously examined regional transportation financing in two separate studies. The 2002 TAC briefing entitled Innovations in Financing Urban Transportation examined transportation financing and governance frameworks in Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Montreal. This was followed in 2012 by the briefing Sustainable Funding for Urban/Regional Transportation in Canada, which assessed needs and examined a range of funding sources being used. The focus of this study is to inventory the main elements, successes and challenges of urban transportation funding and governance in Canada's largest metropolitan regions: Greater Vancouver, City of Calgary and region, City of Edmonton and region, City of Winnipeg and region, the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), the Metro Montreal region and the Halifax Regional Municipality. This inventory will help readers understand how transportation infrastructure and operational decisions are planned and funded, and who the primary decision makers are. In addition, successes and challenges will help other Canadian municipalities learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each system, and which components might be applicable to their situation.


An object of the present invention is to provide a method with which it is possible to easily distinguish a proliferation phase of a cell cycle from a resting phase thereof in real time. The object of the present invention is attained by providing a method for performing phase identification of the cell cycle, the method including: visualizing one or more gene-expression products as markers whose amounts in a cell change in a cell-cycle dependent manner; and detecting the products so as to distinguish the proliferation phase of the cell cycle from the resting phase thereof.


Objective We retrospectively analyze the results of 5317 children's urinary tract with ultrasound in Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from 17 September 2008 to 13 October in 2008.Methods The ultrasonic urinary tract data of 5317 children were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 5 kidney calculi,103 urate crystal,60 hydronephrosis,13 malformation in urinary system and 5 congenital malformation in other location.Conclusions Ultrasound should be carried out to make a early diagnosis of the renal lesions and malformation in urinary systerm or in other location,so as to provide evidence for the clinician's treatment.


An Electric Vehicle (EV) is operated with the electric energy of a battery in place of conventional fossil fuels. Thus, a suitable charging infrastructure must be provided to expand the use of electric vehicles. Because the battery of an EV must be charged to operate the EV, expanding the number of EVs will have a significant influence on the power supply and demand. Therefore, to maintain the balance of power supply and demand, it is important to be able to predict the numbers of charging EVs and monitor the events that occur in the distribution system. In this paper, we predict the hourly charging rate of electric vehicles using transformation matrix, which can describe all behaviors such as resting, charging, and driving of the EVs. Simulation with transformation matrix in a specific region provides statistical results using the Monte-Carlo Method.


Background: The epidemiological study of Hepatitis caused by Hepatitis C viruses during pregnancy is absolutely necessary for program managers and health planners. Currently, enough data exist regarding viral hepatitis among pregnant women in various districts of KP, Pakistan, however, proper published data from district Nowshera is not available. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of hepatitis C infection along with its associated risk factors among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics at district Nowshera, KP. Methods:  One hundred and fifty (150) blood samples were obtained from pregnant women attending antenatal centers at district headquarter hospital Nowshera. Rapid immune-chromatographic technique (ICT) was used for detection of antibodies against HCV. Further confirmation of antibodies was done using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) followed by Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of HCV-RNA. Results:  Among 150 pregnant women, 7 (4.66%) were positive for HCV of which 5 (3.33%) were found positive for Anti-HCV antibodies while 2(1.33%) showed positivity for HCV-RNA. A significant association of age (x 2  = 9.345, df = 3, P = 0.025), Gravidity (x 2  = 9.15, df = 2, P = 0.010), education (x 2  = 48.00, df = 5, P = 0.000), and Blood Transfusion (x 2  = 4.629, df = 1, P = 0.031) was found with prevalence of HCV. Conclusion:  The study revealed 4.66% HCV prevalence among pregnant women of district Nowshera.  The age, gravidity, and blood transfusion were the risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity in pregnant women. Additionally, the educational level of these women was also linked with the viral infection.  Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, Pregnancy, Risk factor association, Nowshera


In this paper, a modulated model predictive current control(MPCC) method is proposed to improve the control performance of the three phase four-switch voltage source inverter(FSVSI)-fed brushless dc motor(BLDCM). The feature of this topology is that phase-A is connected at the midpoint of the dc-link capacitors, which leads to the current in phase-A cannot be controlled directly. Based on the traditional two-phase conduction mode, the proposed method realizes the control of each phase current by modulating four switches separately. First, the operating principles are analyzed in detail. According to whether phase-a participates in conduction or commutation period, the operation modes in one cycle are divided into three types. The equivalent current predictive models are established in the light of different operating modes. Then the duty ratio of each switch is calculated directly according to the optimization function under different modes. Simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.


Fifteen lentil genotypes were raised in field under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions during rabi seasons of 1998–99 and 1999–2000. Phenological days, dry matter distribution in plant parts at different phenological stages, mean environmental temperature and total degree days during were observed. Seed yield were higher under irrigated as compared to non-irrigated condition. Multiple regression between seed yield and different traits exhibited that all of them do not have significant contribution seed yield and seed yield determining factors are found to be different under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Under non-irrigated condition, lentil seed yield was determined by total dry matter production and its partitioning/day, mean temperature and total degree-days during podding to maturity. Under irrigated condition, lentil seed yield was determined by root dry matter at vegetative stage, total dry matter yield, per day dry matter production and its partitioning during seed filling period and total degree-days during flowering to podding. Multiple correlation (R) of traits was 0.9996 and 0.9984 and coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9992 and 0.9964 under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions, respectively. Optimum values of the traits for seed yield maximization also varied amongst irrigated and non-irrigated conditions.


We suggest a variant of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which is a nonlinear microscopy method that has recently proven very successful in functional imaging of living cells with vibrational contrast. Whereas existing CARS microscopy techniques involve confocal scanning, in our setup excitation and detection are performed in a wide-field (nonconfocal) geometry, similar to a combination of dark-field and epifluorescence microscopy. The use of a nanosecond laser system rather than the typically used pico- or femtosecond systems furthermore implies a high spectroscopic resolution for various Raman-active substances. We demonstrate the feasibility of the wide-field approach on test samples and discuss its prospects to become a complemental method to confocal scanning CARS microscopy.


During the 1960s and '70s, general advice for reducing risk of coronary heart disease by dietary modification was heavily influenced by the results of controlled feeding studies, summarized by the well-known Keys and Hegsted equations (I, 2). In these equations, higher serum cholesterol levels were positively related to greater intake of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol and lower consumption of polyunsaturated fat. Thus, dietary advice focused on replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat. Following this advice, polyunsaturated fat in the U.S. diet increased approximately two-fold (3), and coronary heart disease mortality declined dramatically (4). The degree to which these dietary changes contributed to the decline in coronary mortality has been controversial, but there is little doubt that these dietary changes contributed importantly. During the 1980s, a subtle shift developed in dietary recommendations that led to an emphasis on reducing fat intake in general, with less distinction about the type of fat. Thus the first recommendation of the American Heart Association became to reduce total fat intake, and similar emphasis on total fat reduction has been part of general U.S. dietary guidelines as well (5). This emphasis on total fat reduction is epitomized by the U.S. dietary pyramid, which indicates that all types of fat should be used sparingly, and complex carbohydrates should be consumed in large amounts. During recent years, the rate of decline in coronary heart disease appears to be flattening, and there is question whether the incidence is declining at all (6). Although replacement of total and saturated fat with carbohydrate has been at the centerpiece of recommendations to reduce heart disease, the degree of risk reduction to


Background: Although isoflurane is reported to have a protective effect against ischemic damage on the myocardium, the mechanisms of this effect are not clear. Activation of adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium (KATP) channels is indicated to protect myocardium during ischemia. Thus, it was hypothesized that if isoflurane could activate KATP channels, blockade of KATP channels would decrease its cardioprotective effect.


The article is devoted to social, economic and cultural conditions of appearance of cinema in Perm at the end of the XIXth century. Scientific and technological progress varied everyday life of the Russian city making it full of new phenomena, one of which was the cinema. History of the new kind of entertainment in Perm is regarded, early cinema is analysed in the light of the demands of the Russian province.


Generally, material constants and their corresponding stability regions of hyperelastic constitutive models can be obtained by well-known commercial software. Nonetheless, reproduction of engineering stress-strain curves from these software do not accurately represent of the uniaxial testing data of a Polydimethylsiloxane material (PDMS). This research aimed to develop PP algorithm, which are MATLAB codes, used to determinate hyperelastic material constants and their stability regions from uniaxial testing data of PDMS material. Hyperelastic constitutive models composed of Neo-Hookean; 3, 5, and 9 parameters Mooney-Rivlin; 2nd and 3rd order Yeoh; and 1st, 2nd and 3rd order Ogden. Moreover, the accuracies of our results were evaluated by the residual sum of squares (RSS) between testing data and hyperelastic models and compared with ones of ANSYS. In NeoHookean and Ogden models, the PP algorithm effectively determined material constants from the uniaxial testing data in which their RSS were lower than ones from ANSYS while the strain limit ranges were comparable. However, in Mooney-Rivlin and Yeoh models, the PP algorithm obtained lower RSS but had narrower strain limit ranges than ones from ANSYS. Finally, the Ogden 3rd order model is the accurate constitutive model for PDMS since it obtained not only low RSS but also no strain range limit.


This article is focused to center the alternative conceptions of students at a secondary level which are found in answers to questions of a questionnaire about the analysis of functions trough its Cartesians graphics. The proposed questions consist on the determination of areas or increasing intervals, decrease, stabilization and coordination of the simultaneous properties, so much on the plan location or the behavior itself. This research was carried out with forty students at the secondary level, just after they have studied the topics of graphics and analysis of functions without using derivatives. The alternatives conceptions found show us that an important part of the students consider that a function is positive if its graphic has positive abscissas, no matter the signs of its ordinates, analogous conceptions were found for negative functions, they considered that a function has station points where the graphics cut the x axis, or when has abscissas equal to zero. Moreover we noted that, on the one hand there is a strong relationship of concomitance between the increasing function and the positive function, on the other hand between decreasing function and negative function.


5% PEG-6000 was used to produce the osmotic pressure,under which the effects of exogenous MeJA at three concentrations of 0.025,0.05 and 0.1 mmol·L-1 were measured on seed germination,seedling growth,oxidative damage to leaves,and protective enzyme activities in Brassica napus.The results indicated that the damages to B.napus caused by the osmotic stress of 5% PEG-6000 were significantly relieved in the presence of 0.1 mmol·L-1 MeJA.The seed germination rate,germination potentiality,germination index,and vigor index increased by 62.3%,11.2%,55.2% and 126.3%,respectively.The length of main root decreased by 45.0%,and the number of adventitious roots increased 59.4%,MDA content decreased by 20.6%.The protective enzyme activities of SOD,POD,CAT,and APX increased by 100.0%,109.1%,452.6%and 134.8% in leaves,respectively.Based on the data reported,we conclude that to some extent MeJA can alleviate inhibitory effect under osmotic stresses effectively and stimulates B.napus seed germination and seedling growth.MeJA can also enhance the activities of protective enzymes and relief oxidative damage.